غرد

1 غَرِدَ: see the next paragraph, in three places.2 غرّد, inf. n. تَغْرِيدٌ, It (a bird) sang, or warbled, or uttered its voice; as also ↓ غَرِدَ: (As, L:) it, or he, (a bird, S, A, K, and a man, S, as is implied in a verse there cited, and L,) prolonged its, or his, voice, and singing, and modulated it sweetly, or warbled; (Lth, S, A, Msb;) and so ↓ غَرِدَ, inf. n. غَرَدٌ; (S, L, Msb;) and ↓ تغرّد: (S:) or raised its, or his, voice, and prolonged it, modulating it sweetly, or warbling; (L, K;) as also ↓ غَرِدَ, aor. ـَ and so ↓ تغرّد, and ↓ اغرد: (K:) and it (a pigeon) cooed: it (the [bird called] مُكَّآء) whistled: it (the cock) crowed: it (the fly) buzzed, or hummed: he (the ass) uttered a hoarse, or rough, sound; as also ↓ تغرّد. (L.) غرّد is trans. as well as intrans.; or it may be rendered as though trans. by the suppression of the preposition [لِ]. (L.) 4 أَغْرَدَ see 2.

A2: أَغْرَدَنِى, said of a turtle-dove, means It gladdened me by its cooing. (ElHejeree, L.) 5 تَغَرَّدَ see 2, in three places.10 استغرد الرَّوْضُ الذُّبَابَ The meadows, or gardens, by their luxuriance (نَعْمَة, as in the L and in some copies of the K, in other copies of the K نَغْمَة, TA), excited the flies to buzz, or hum. (L, K.) Q. Q. 3 اِغْرَنْدَاهُ, (K,) and اِغْرَنْدَى عَلَيْهِ, (Az, S, K,) inf. n. اِغْرِنْدَآءٌ, (Az, S,) He overcame him; (A'Obeyd, K;) he set upon him, or assailed him, or overcame him, with reviling and beating and violence; (Az, A'Obeyd, S, K;) like اِغْلَنْتَى (Az, A'Obeyd, S,) and اِسْرَنْدَى. (TA. [See the last of these verbs, in art. سرد, and the verse there cited.]) غَرْدٌ: see غِرْدٌ.

A2: Also A [booth of reeds, or canes, &c., such as is called] خُصّ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) غِرْدٌ: see غَرِدٌ.

A2: Also, (Ks, AHn, S, K,) and ↓ غِرْدَةٌ, (AHn, K,) or غِرْدٌ and غِرْدَةٌ are like تِبْنٌ and تِبْنَةٌ [the former a coll. gen. n. and the latter its n. un.], (S,) and ↓ غَرْدٌ (Fr, AHn, S, K) and ↓ غَرْدَةٌ, (AHn, K,) or غَرْدٌ and غَرْدَةٌ are like تَمْرٌ and تَمْرَةٌ [the former a coll. gen. n. and the latter its n. un.], (S,) and ↓ غَرَدٌ (K) and ↓ غَرَدَةٌ, (AHn, L,) [or this last is the n. un. of that next preceding it, which is a coll. gen. n.,] and ↓ غَرَادٌ (AA, K) and ↓ غَرَادَةٌ, (AHn, K,) or this last is the n. un. of that next preceding it, [which is a coll. gen. n.,] (AA, L,) and ↓ مُغْرُودٌ, (Fr, AHeyth, K,) with damm, (K,) of the measure مُفْعُولٌ, which is a measure very rare, (Fr, AHeyth, TA,) or this is ↓ مَغْرُودٌ, (L, and thus in my copies of the S,) with fet-h to the م, accord. to As, (L,) A species of كَمْأَة [or truffles]: (Ks, AHn, S, K:) or small كمأة: or bad كمأة: (AHn, L:) pl. (of غِرْدٌ, S, or of غَرْدٌ, Fr, S) غِرَدَةٌ, (Fr, S, K,) like as قِرَدَةٌ is of قِرْدٌ, (S,) or جِبَأَةٌ of جَبْءٌ, (Fr, S,) [or, accord. to some, this is a quasi-pl. n., (see جَبْءٌ,)] and (of both of these, S) غِرَادٌ, (S, K,) like as ذِئَابٌ is pl. of ذِئْبٌ, and كِلَابٌ of كَلْبٌ, (S,) and (of مَغْرُودٌ [or مُغْرُودٌ], S) مَغَارِيدُ. (S, K.) غَرَدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَرِدٌ (Lth, As, S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ غِرْدٌ, (M, L, K,) which is thought by ISd to be a contraction of the former, (L,) and ↓ مُغَرِّدٌ (L, K) and ↓ غَرِيدٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ غِرْيَدٌ, (TA,) and ↓ غِرِّيدٌ [which has an intensive signification], applied to a bird, (As, S, A, K,) and to a man, (L,) Singing, warbling, or uttering the voice: (As, L:) or prolonging the voice, and the singing, and modulating it sweetly, or warbling: (Lth, S, L, Msb:) or raising the voice, and prolonging it, modulating it sweetly, or warbling. (L, K.) [See also 2.]

غَرْدَةٌ and غِرْدَةٌ and غَرَدَةٌ: see غِرْدٌ.

غَرَادٌ and غَرَادَةٌ: see غِرْدٌ.

غَرِيدٌ, or غِرْيَدٌ: see غَرِدٌ.

غَرَّادٌ an appellation applied by the people of El-'Irák to A maker of [the booths called] أَخْصَاص [pl. of خُصٌّ, with which غَرْدٌ is syn.], and of [the fabrics of reeds, or canes, called] حَرَادِىّ [pl. of حُرْدِىٌّ or حُرْدِيَّةٌ]. (O.) غِرِّيدٌ: see غَرِدٌ.

اغرود and اغرودة [i. e. أُغْرُودٌ and أُغْرُودَةٌ, in measure like أُسْلُوبٌ and أُحْدُوثَةٌ,] A song or a singing [or a warbling, of a bird, &c.]: pl. أَغَارِيدُ. (Har p. 445.) One says طَائِرٌ مُسْتَمْلَحُ الأَغَارِيدِ [A bird whose songs, or warblings, are esteemed sweet]. (A.) مُغَرِّدٌ: see غَرِدٌ.

مُغْرَنْدٍ act. part. n. of Q. Q. 3 [q. v.]. (S.) مَغْرُودٌ and مُغْرُودٌ: see غِرْدٌ.

أَرْضٌ مَغْرُودَآءُ Land abounding with [the species of truffles called] غِرْد: (K:) or having in it مَغَارِيد [pl. of مَُغْرُودٌ]. (O.) رَوْضٌ مُسْتَغْرِدٌ Luxuriant meadows or gardens [that excite the flies to buzz, or hum: see 10]. (TA.)

شج

1 شَجَّهُ, aor. ـُ and شَجِّ, (S, Msb, K,) the former reg., (Msb,) [the latter irreg.,] inf. n. شَجٌّ, (S, Msb,) He broke it, [so as to cleave its skin or its flesh,] namely, another's head: (S, * K, TA:) or he clave his skin of the face or of the head; or he clave its skin, i. e. the skin of the face or of the head: (Msb:) originally he struck it, namely, the head, so as to wound it and cleave it [in the skin or flesh thereof]; and then used in relation to other members: (TA:) or شَجَّهُ فِى رَأْسِهِ and فِى وَجْهِهِ [he wounded him so as to cleave the skin or the flesh in his head and in his face]. (A.) Accord. to some, [contr. to the authority of the A,] it is from شَجَّتِ السَّفِينَةُ البّحْرَ [expl. below]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] it is said in a prov., فُلَانٌ يَشُجُّ بِيَدٍ وَيَأْسُو بِأُخْرَى [Such a one breaks a head with one hand and cures with another]; meaning (assumed tropical:) such a one corrupts, or mars, one time, and rectifies, or repairs, another time. (TA.) and زَيْدٌ يَشُجُّ مَرَّةً وَيَأْسُو مَرَّةً (tropical:) Zeyd does, or says, wrong one time, and right one time. (A, TA.) b3: And شَجَّتِ السَّفِينَةُ البَحْرَ (tropical:) The ship clave the sea: (S, A, L, Msb:) and [in like manner] شَجَّ البَحْرَ (tropical:) he clave the sea; (K, TA;) said of a swimmer. (TA.) And شَجَّ المَفَازَةَ (tropical:) He traversed the desert. (S, A, K.) And شَجَّ الأَرْضَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He traversed the land, with his camel that he rode, at a vehement rate. (TA.) b4: And شَجَّ الشَّرَابَ, (K, TA,) or شَجَّ الخَمْرَ بِالمَآء, aor. ـُ and شَجِّ, inf. n. شَجٌّ, [as above,] (TA,) (tropical:) He mixed the beverage, or the wine, (K, TA,) with water. (TA.) Hence, فَكَانَ يَشُِجُّ عَلَىَّ مِسْكًا, occurring in a trad., means (tropical:) And it was as though it mixed with her odour of musk the breath of wind that reached my organ of smell. (TA.) 2 تَشْجِيجٌ [The breaking of another's head much, so as to cleave the skin or the flesh: or the breaking of heads so as to cleave the skin or the flesh. b2: And hence, perhaps,] (assumed tropical:) The acting with penetrative energy, vigour, or effectiveness; syn. تَصْمِيمٌ. (O, K.) 3 بَيْنَهُمْ شِجَاجٌ (A, O, K) and ↓ تَشَاجٌّ (A, TA) Between them is a mutual breaking of heads. (A, O, K, TA. [In the CK, شَجَاجٌ is erroneously put for شِجَاجٌ.]) 6 تَشَاْجَّ see what next precedes.

شَجَّةٌ A single act of breaking of one's head [so as to cleave its skin or its flesh]. (TA.) b2: and A wound by which the head is broken (S, * A, * L, Msb) so as to cleave its skin or its flesh: (L:) and [such] a wound in the face: (A, * Msb:) pl. شِجَاجٌ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَجَّاتٌ. (Msb.) What are termed شِجَاج are of ten different kinds, (A, L,) distinguished by the following epithets: [1]

حَارِصَةٌ, which peels off the [external] skin, but does not bring blood: [2] دَامِيَةٌ, which brings blood: [3] بَاضِعَةٌ, [which cleaves the flesh slightly, and brings blood, but does not make it to flow: (but in art. دمغ, voce دَامِغَةٌ, q. v., what are here mentioned as the second and third are transposed:) 4, مُتَلَاحِمَةٌ,] which cleaves the flesh much: [5]

سِمْحَاقٌ, which leaves between it and the bone only a thin skin: these are five شجاج for which there is no retaliation nor any determinate mulct, but respecting which a judge must give his sentence: [6] مُوضِحَةٌ, which reaches to the bone, and for which the mulct is five camels: [7] هَاشِمَةٌ, which breaks the bone, and for which the mulct is ten camels: [8] مُنَقِّلَةٌ, from which bone is removed, from one place to another, and for which the mulct is fifteen camels: [9] مَــأْمُومَةٌ, also called آمَّةٌ, which leaves between it and the brain only a thin skin, and for which the mulct is one third of the whole price of blood: [10] دَامِغَةٌ, which reaches the brain, and for which the mulct is also one third of the whole price of blood. (L.) The شَجَّة of 'Abd-El-Hameed, [who was the goodliest man of his age,] the son of 'Abd-Allah the son of 'Omar the son of El-Khattáb, was the subject of a prov. on account of its beauty [and is said to have increased his goodliness]. (MF.) شَجَجٌ The mark, or scar, of a wound by which the forehead has been broken. (S, * A, K, * TA.) شَجَجَى The عَقْعَق [or magpie]; (K, TA; omitted in the CK;) [and] so ↓ شَجَوْجًى. (K and TA in art. شجو.) شَجِيجٌ and ↓ مَشْجُوجٌ A head broken [so that its skin or its flesh is cloven]: or a man having his head [so] broken: (S, TA:) pl. [of the former]

شَجَّى: you say قَوْمٌ شَجَّى. (Az, TA.) b2: Each is also applied as an epithet to a wooden peg or stake [as meaning (assumed tropical:) Having its head broken, or mangled, by blows]: and so is ↓ مُشَجَّجٌ, but in an intensive sense. (S, L.) b3: And both the first and ↓ last signify (tropical:) A wooden peg or stake; (A, TA;) each as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: because its head is separated, or uncompacted, in its component parts [or fibres by its being battered]. (TA.) One says, مَا بِالدَّارِ شَجِيجٌ and ↓ مُشَجَّجٌ (tropical:) There is not in the house [even] a wooden peg or stake. (A, TA.) شَجَوْجًى: see شَجَجَى.

سَابِحٌ شَجَّاجٌ (tropical:) A swimmer that cleaves the water vehemently. (TA.) أَشَجُّ A man having a mark, or scar, of a wound by which his forehead has been broken. (S, A, K.) مُشَجَّجٌ: see شَجِيجٌ, in three places.

مَشْجُوجٌ: see شَجِيجٌ.

حج

1 حَجَّ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. حَجٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He repaired, or betook himself, to, or towards, syn. قَصَدَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) a person (S, A, Mgh) [or place], in an absolute sense: or to, or towards, an object of reverence, veneration, respect, or honour: or, accord. to Kh, he repaired, or betook himself, much, or frequently, to, or towards, an object of this kind: and also he repaired to, betook himself to, or visited, a person: (TA:) and he went to, or visited, a person repeatedly, or frequently. (ISk, T, S, Mgh, K. *) You say also, حَجَّ بَنُو فُلَانٍ فُلَانًا The sons of such a one continued long going repeatedly to visit such a one. (S.) b2: Hence, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) and inf. n. حِجٌّ also, (Sb, L,) or this is a simple subst., (S, Msb, K,) by a conventional usage, (S,) or predominantly, (Mgh,) or by restriction of its usage in the law, (Msb,) He repaired to Mekkeh, (S, K,) or to the Kaabeh, (Mgh, Msb,) to perform the religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) or for the purpose of the عُمْرَة [q. v.; but this latter meaning is very rare: the usual meaning is, he performed the pilgrimage to Mekkeh and Mount' Arafát, with all the rites and ceremonies prescribed to be observed at, and between, those two places]: (Msb:) or he repaired to the House [of God, at Mekkeh,] and performed the actions prescribed for that occasion by the law of the Kur-án and the Sunneh. (L.) [See حَجٌّ, below.] You say also, حَجَّ الَيْتَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجٌّ, (T, S,) and ↓ احتجّهُ, (El-Hejeree, TA,) He performed the pilgrimage to the House [of God, at Mekkeh]; (T, S;) because people repair to it every year. (T, TA.) And حَجُّوا مَكَّةَ [They performed the pilgrimage to Mekkeh]. (A.) and مَا حَجَّ وَلٰكِنَّهُ دَجَّ He did not repair to Mekkeh to visit the House of God, (Aboo-Tálib, Az,) or for the performance of the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, (Msb,) but he journeyed for mercantile purposes. (Aboo-Tálib, Az, Msb. [See also art. دج.]) And hence, accord. to some, لَجَّ فَحَجَّ, a prov., which see below. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) inf. n. حَجٌّ, (K,) He came, or arrived. (K, TA.) You say, حَجَّ عَلَيْنَا فُلَانٌ Such a one came to us. (TA.) A2: Also, [aor., accord. to rule, as above,] inf. n. حَجٌّ, He shaved [his head; as one does on completing the performance of the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage: see حَجٌّ, below]. (TA.) A3: Also, (IAar, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجٌّ, (TA,) He probed a fracture of the head, (K,) or a wound, (A, TA,) with a مِحْجَاج, (A, K,) or مِيل, (TA,) for the purpose of curing it: (TA:) or he probed a wound to know its depth: (IAar, TA:) or he examined a cleft in the head to know whether there were in it bone or blood: (ISh, TA:) or he dressed and cured a wound in the head reaching to the brain: or he poured boiled clarified butter upon a fracture of the head, in consequence of which the blood was mixed with the brain, until the blood appeared, which he took away with a little cotton: (TA:) or حَجَّهُ, inf. n. حَجٌّ, signifies he probed a fracture of his head for the purpose of curing it: (S:) or he made a perforation in the bone [of his broken head] (قَدَحَ فِيهِ) with an iron instrument, it being broken so that the brain was befouled with blood, and pulled off the skin that had dried up, and then cured it, so that it closed up with a [new] skin: it relates to a wound reaching to the brain. (L.) b2: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجٌّ, He cut out and extracted a bone from a wound. (TA.) A4: Also, (A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. حَجُّ, (K,) He overcame another in, or by, an argument, a plea, an alle-gation, a proof, an evidence, or a testimony. (A, Msb, K.) See 3. It is said in a prov., لَجَّ فَحَجَّ (S, TA) He was pertinacious in litigation, dispute, or altercation, and overcame therein [as is implied in the S, and expressed in the TA]: or he persevered until he performed the pilgrimage [not having intended to do so when he set out: see Freytag's “ Arab. Prov. ” ii. 452]. (TA.) A5: Also, (TA,) [aor., accord. to rule, حَجِّ,] inf. n. حَجٌّ; (K;) and ↓ حَجْحَجَ, (K,) inf. n. حَجْحَجَةٌ; (TA;) He refrained, forbore, or abstained, (K, TA,) عَنْ شَىْءٍ from a thing. (TA.) [See also the latter verb below.]3 حاجّهُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. مُحَاجَّةٌ (A, Msb, TA) and حِجَاجٌ, (TA,) He contended with him in, or by, an argument, a plea, an allegation, a proof, an evidence, or a testimony. (S, Mgh, Msb, TA.) You say, ↓ حاجّهُ فحَجَّهُ He contended with him in, or by, an argument, &c., and he overcame him therein, or thereby. (S, A, * Mgh, Msb.) b2: [And hence, حاجّ He pleaded in a lawsuit.]4 احجّهُ He sent him to perform the pilgrimage to Mekkeh, and the religious rites and ceremonies thereof. (S, Msb, K.) 6 تَحَاجٌّ [inf. n. of تحاجّوا] The contending, one with another, in a litigation, a dispute, or an altercation; (S, K;) the adducing arguments, pleas, allegations, proofs, evidences, or testimonies, one with another. (KL.) 8 إِحْتَجَ3َ see 1.

A2: [احتجّ بِشَىْءٍ He adduced, or urged, or defended himself by adducing or urging, a thing as an argument, a plea, an allegation, a proof, an evidence, or a testimony.] You say, احتجّ عَلَى خَصْمِهِ بِحُجَّةٍ شَهْبَآءَ [He argued against his adversary with a strong, or a difficult, argument, plea, &c.]. (A.) R. Q. 1 حَجْحَجَ, inf. n. حَجْحَجَةٌ: see 1, last signification. b2: Also He retired, or drew back; or did so in fear: (S, K:) or he lacked power, or ability. (TA.) One says, حَمَلُوا عَلَى القَوْمِ حَمْلَةً ثُمَّ حَجْحَجُوا They made a single charge, or assault, upon the party, and then retired, or drew back; or drew back in fear: (S, TA:) or lacked power, or ability. (TA.) b3: He refrained from saying what he desired, or was about, to say; (S, K;) like مَجْمَجَ: (S:) or he did not reveal, or manifest, what was in his mind. (M, TA.) It is said in one of the provs. of Meyd, نَفْسُكَ بِمَا تُحَجْحِجُ أَعْلَمُ Thou thyself knowest better than others [what thou refrainest from uttering, or] what is in thy mind. (TA.) b4: He remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt, (K, TA,) بِمَكَانٍ

in a place; not quitting it; as also ↓ تَحَجْحَجَ. (TA.) R. Q. 2 تَحَجْحَجَ: see what next precedes.

حَجُّ and ↓ حِجٌّ, the former an inf. n., and the latter a simple subst., (S, Msb, K,) or the latter also is an inf. n., (Sb, L,) [both used as substs.,] The pilgrimage to Mekkeh, (S, K,) or to the Kaabeh, (Msb,) to perform the religious rites and ceremonies prescribed to be observed on that occasion: (S, Msb, K:) Ks makes no difference between these two words: some say that the former is employed to signify the religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage because they follow the repairing to Mekkeh, or because they are completed by shaving [the head], or because people continue long going to and fro to perform them: accord. to Az, it signifies the performance of the religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage of one year; and some say ↓ حِجٌّ and ↓ حِجَّةٌ: (TA:) or this last signifies a single pilgrimage, for the performance of its appointed religious rites and ceremonies; deviating from rule; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) for by rule it should be ↓ حَجَّةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) which, Th says, has not been heard from the Arabs: (Mgh, Msb:) Ks says that ↓ حَجَجْتُ حِجَّةً and رَأَيْتُ رُؤْيَةً are the only deviations from the model of فَعَلْتُ فَعْلَةً in all the language of the Arabs: but El-Athram and others are related to have said, We have not heard from the Arabs حَجَجْتُ حِجَّةً

nor رَأَيْتُ رِئْيَةً; they saying only ↓ حَجَجْتُ حَجَّةً: (L, TA:) whence it appears that ↓ حَجَّةٌ and ↓ حِجَّةٌ were both used: (TA:) the pl. of the latter is حِجَجٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) so in the saying, نَذَرَ خَمْسَ حِجَجٍ [He made a vow to perform five pilgrimages]. (Mgh.) Hence, ↓ ذُو الحِجَّةِ (S, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ ذو الحَجَّةِ, (Msb, TA,) which latter is said by Kz and 'Iyád and Ibn-Kurkool to be the more common, (TA,) [or, accord. to Fei, the contr. is the case, for he says,] some pronounce it in the latter manner, (Msb,) [The last month of the Arabian calendar;] the month of the pilgrimage; (S, Mgh, Msb;) so called because the pilgrimage to Mekkeh, and the religious rites and ceremonies thereof, are performed in it: (TA:) pl. ذَوَاتُ الحجّهِ: (S, Msb:) they did not say ذَوُو الحَجّةِ agreeably with the singular. (S.) [Hence also,] ↓ وَحَجَّةِ اللّٰهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ [By the pilgrimage which is the ordinance of God, I will not do this or that thing]: a form of oath used by the Arabs. (S, K.) What is commonly termed الحَجُّ is sometimes termed الحَجُّ الأَكْبَرُ [The greater pilgrimage]: العُمْرَةُ [q. v.] being termed الحَجَّ الأَصْغَرُ [the minor pilgrimage]. (Kull p. 168.) b2: See also حَاجٌّ.

حِجُّ: see حَجُّ, in two places: b2: and see also حَاجٌّ.

حَجَّةٌ: see حَجٌّ, in five places.

A2: Also, (IAar, K,) and ↓ حِجَّةٌ, (S, K,) the former of which is the word commonly known, (IAar in a marginal note in a copy of the S,) and ↓ حَاجَّةٌ, which is a subst. like كَاهِلٌ and غَارِبٌ, (L,) The lobe of the ear. (S, L, K.) b2: And the first, The bore, or perforation, of the lobe of the ear. (AA, TA.) b3: And A bead, or a pearl, that is hung in the ear; (K;) sometimes called ↓ حَاجَّةٌ. (IDrd, TA.) حُجَّةٌ A mode [of argument or the like] by which one overcomes in a litigation, dispute, or altercation; so called because recourse is had to it (لِأَنَّهَا تُحَجُّ, i. e. تُقْصَدُ): (T, TA:) that by which one rebuts, or refels, an adversary in a litigation, dispute, or altercation: an argument; a plea; an allegation: [it may be true or false: see Kur xlii. 15, and xlv. 24:] (TA:) a proof; an evidence; a testimony: (S, Msb, K:) [a title; a voucher: often thus used in the present day:] also applied to a person; like ثَبَتٌ; (A and Mgh and TA in art. ثبت;) [as in the saying, مَنْ حِفِظَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يَحْفَظْ He who preserves in his mind a word, or an authority, &c., is an evidence against him who does not; occurring often in the larger lexicons, expressing the superior authority of hearsay, or usage, over analogy &c.; and in the saying,] أَنْتَ حُجَّةٌ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ [Thou art an evidence against thyself]; a phrase mentioned by Akh: (S in art. بصر:) [also, an excuse:] pl. حُجَجٌ (A, Msb) and حِجَاجٌ. (TA.) حِجَّةٌ: see حَجٌّ, in four places. b2: Also A year: (S, Msb, K:) pl. حِجَجٌ. (S, A, Msb.) You say, أَقَمْتُ عِنْدَهُ حِجَّةً [I stayed at his abode a year], and ثَلَاثَ حِجَجٍ كَوَامِلَ [three complete years]. (A.) A2: See also حَجَّةٌ.

حُجُجٌ: see حَجِيجٌ, in two places: b2: and see also حَجَاجٌ.

حَجَاجٌ and ↓ حِجَاجٌ The surrounding bone of the eye, (Msb, TA,) upon [the upper part of] which grows the eyebrow; (TA;) the bone that surrounds the cavity of the eye, upon [the upper part of] which grows the hair of the eyebrow: (ISk, TA:) it is said in a trad. that a female hyena and her young ones were within the حجاج of the eye of an Amalekite: (TA:) or the [supra-orbital] bone upon which grows the hair of the eyebrow; (S, K;) the bone that projects over the cavity of the eye: (IAmb, Msb:) or the upper bone, beneath the eyebrow: (TA:) of the mase. gender: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَحِجَّةٌ (S, Msb) and [of mult.] ↓ حُجُجٌ, deviating from a general rule, accord. to which a sing. of the measure to which this belongs does not assume this form of pl. because the reduplication is disapproved: also, by poetic license, حَوَاجِجُ, contr. to rule, for حَوَاجُّ. (TA.) The expression فِى

حَجَا حَاجِبٍ ضَمْرٍ is used by poetic license for فى حَجَاجِ حاجب ضمر. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] both words also signify (tropical:) The upper limb of the disk (i. q. حَاجِب) of the sun, appearing when it begins to rise. (A, K, TA: but in the A, only the latter form of the word is given.) b3: Also, [hence,] both words, (tropical:) A side. (A, * K.) Yousay, مَرُّوا بِحِجَاجَىِ الجَبَلِ (tropical:) They passed by the two sides of the mountain. (A.) حِجَاجٌ: see the paragraph next preceding.

حَجِيجٌ A man upon whom the operation termed حَجٌّ (the probing of a fracture of the head, &c.,) has been performed; (S, L;) as also ↓ مَحْجُوجٌ. (L.) And A fracture of the head that has been medically treated, or cured: b2: and also A certain mode of medical treatment, or curing, of such a fracture. (As, TA.) b3: ↓ حُجُجٌ (pl. of حَجِيجٌ, TA) signifies Probed wounds. (K.) b4: and ↓ this same pl., Roads much furrowed [by the feet of beasts or men] (مُحَفَّرَةٌ): (L, K:) but it is uncertain whether its sing., if it have any, be حَجِيجٌ or حِجَاجٌ. (MF.) A2: Also i. q. ↓ مُحَاجٌّ as act. part. n. of حَاجَّ: so in the phrase, أَنَا حَجِيجُهُ I am he who will overcome him by arguments, or proofs, or the like: occurring in a trad. relating to Ed-Dejjál. (TA.) A3: See also حَاجٌّ.

حَجَّاجٌ A frequent performer of the pilgrimage to Mekkeh, and of the religious rites and ceremonies ordained for that occasion: the ا in this word, as in other epithets of the same measure, does not [regularly] admit of imáleh; but when it is used as a proper name, it admits this, agreeably with rule: some pronounce its ا with imáleh even when it is in the nom. or accus. case, contr. to rule. (TA.) حَاجٌّ act. part. n. of 1; Repairing, or betaking himself, to [a person or place]. (Msb.) b2: and hence, (S, Msb,) A man repairing to Mekkeh, (S, K,) or to the Kaabeh, (Msb,) to perform the religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; (S, Msb, K;) or for the purpose of the عُمْرَة: (Msb: [but see 1:]) [a pilgrim of Mekkeh; or one who has performed the pilgrimage of Mekkeh: see what follows:] as also ↓ حَاجِجٌ, (S, K,) the original form, sometimes used by poetic license: (S:) pl. حُجَّاجٌ and ↓ حَجِيجٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and حُجٌّ; (S, K;) or rather the second of these is a quasi-pl. n., a kind of noun which, as well as the coll. gen. n., is often called by the lexicographers a pl., though not so called by the grammarians: (MF:) حَاجٌّ is also used as a pl., syn. with حُجَّاجٌ, like as سَامِرٌ is with سُمَّارٌ: (Mgh:) it may be considered as a gen. n., and is sometimes a quasi-pl. n., like جَامِلٌ and بَاقِرٌ; (TA;) as is also ↓ حِجٌّ; signifying a company of pilgrims of Mekkeh; or pilgrims, collectively; (ISk, L;) and likewise ↓ حَجٌّ. (So in a marginal note in a copy of the S.) The fem. is ↓ حَاجَّةٌ: pl. حَوَاجُّ: (S, K:) you say حَوَاجُّ بَيْتِ اللّٰهِ when they have performed the pilgrimage; but when they have not yet performed it, [being in the act of performing it,] you say حَوَاجُّ بَيْتَ اللّٰهِ, in which latter case you would say حَوَاجٌّ were not this word imperfectly decl.; [and in like manner, حَاجُّ بَيْتِ اللّٰهِ, and حَاجٌّ بَيْتَ اللّٰهِ;] like as you say ضَارِبُ زَيْدٍ أَمْسِ, and ضَارِبٌ زَيْدًا غَدًا. (S.) [↓ حَاجِّىٌّ, as a n. un. of حَاجٌّ, considering the latter as a coll. gen. n., like رُومٌ, of which the n. un. is رُومِىٌّ is commonly used by the Turks and Persians as signifying a pilgrim of Mekkeh: but I have not found it so used in any classical Arabic work.] You say, أَقْبَلَ الحَاجُّ وَالدَّاجُّ The company of pilgrims to Mekkeh, and of men travelling for mercantile purposes, came. (TA. [See also art. دج.]) And وَلَا دَاجَّةً ↓ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ He left not a company of pilgrims to Mekkeh (جَمَاعَةً حَاجَّةً), nor a company of their followers, or dependents. (TA from a trad. [See also arts. دج and دوج.]) A2: Also Overcoming in [or by] an argument, or a plea, or the like. (Mgh.) حَاجَّةٌ: see حَاجٌّ, in two places: A2: and see also حَجَّةٌ, in two places.

حَاجِجٌ: see حَاجٌّ.

حَاجِّىٌّ: see حَاجٌّ.

هُوَ أَحَجُّ مِنْهُ He is one who overcomes in [or by] a حُجَّة [i. e. an argument, &c.,] more than he. (Mgh.) مَحَجَّةٌ A road, or way: (Mgh, TA:) or the middle of a road; (M, voce جَرَجَةٌ;) the beaten track, or part of a road along which one travels; (T, TA;) the main part, and middle, of a road; syn. جَادَّةٌ: (S, Msb:) pl. مَحَاجُّ. (A, TA.) b2: [Hence,] اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ مَحَجَّةً وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) مِحْجَاجٌ A surgeon's probe. (S, A, K.) A2: A man much addicted to litigation, dispute, or altercation. (S, K.) مَحْجُوجٌ A man repaired to. (S.) A2: See also حَجِيجٌ.

A3: Also A man overcome in [or by] a حُجَّة [i. e. an argument, &c.]. (A, * Mgh.) مُحَاجٌّ: see حَجِيجٌ.

ضَرْبٌ مُحَجْحِجٌ A blow that is feeble, and falling short. (IAar, TA.)

وضح

1 وَضَحَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وُضُوحٌ (S, Msb, L, K) and ضِحَةٌ and ضَحَةٌ, (L, K,) the last with fet-hah because the guttural letter; (TA;) and ↓ اتّضح, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ اوضح, and ↓ توضّح; (L, K;) It (an affair, أَمْرٌ, S, K, and a thing, شَىْءٌ, L,) appeared; became apparent, or plainly apparent, overt, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, plain, obvious, or evident; (S, L, K;) became clear, unobscured, exposed to view, displayed, laid open, disclosed, or uncovered. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) It (language) was perspicuous. (The Lexicons, passim.) b3: مَلْكُ الطَّرِّيقِ ↓ توضّح The middle of the road became plainly apparent, obvious, or conspicuous. (S.) b4: مَنْ أَيْنَ وَضَحَ الرَّاكِبُ, as Az says, or, as others say, ↓ من اين اوضح, Whence did the rider make his appearance? (L.) Or وَضَحَ الرَّاكِبُ signifies the rider came forth: (ISd:) and ↓ من اين أَوْضَحتَ whence hast thou come forth? (IAar, S,) and [in like manner one says] من اين بَدَا وَضَحُكَ. (S.) A2: وَضَحَتِ الإِبِلُ بِاللَّبَنِ (tropical:) i. q. أَلْمَعَت. (K.) A3: وَضِحَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. وَضَحٌ, [a verb of which the inf. n. is explained in the Msb by the word درن: if this be not a mistake of a copyist, it app. signifies He, or it, was dirty; or was dirtied, soiled, or besmeared].2 وَضَّحَ see 4.4 اوضحهُ, (S, Msb, K,) and اوضح عَنْهُ, (L,) inf. n. إِيضَاحٌ: (TA,) and ↓ وضّحهُ, (K,) inf.

تَوْضِيحٌ; (TA;) He rendered it apparent or plainly apparent, overt, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, plain, obvious, or evident; (S, L, K;) rendered it clear, or unobscured; exposed it to view; displayed it; laid it open; disclosed or uncovered it. (Msb.) b2: He rendered language perspicuous. (The lexicons, passim.) b3: اوضحت الشَّجَّةُ فِى الرَّأْسِ The wound upon the head laid bare the bone. (Msb,) [See مُوضِحَةٌ.] b4: اوضح لَهُ الأَمْرَ, (S, K,) and الكَلَامَ, (S,) He made the affair, (S, K,) and the language, (S,) plain, or clear, to him. (S, K.) b5: See 1. b6: اوضح قَوْمًا He saw a people. (L.) b7: اوضح He (a man) had white children born to him: (S, L:) and in like manner one says [اوضحت] of a woman. (L.) 5 تَوَضَّحَ See 1. b2: توضّح [app., He (a sheep or goat) had a whiteness predominant over other colours, overspreading generally his whole body: or in his breast and back and face]. (L.) 8 إِوْتَضَحَ see 1.10 استوضح شَيْئًا He put his hand over his eyes (in the sun, L) to try if he could see a thing, (S, L, K,) guarding his eyes with his hand from the rays of the sun: as also اِسْتَكَفَّهُ, and اِسْتَشْرَفَهُ. (L.) One says اِسْتَوْضِحْ عَنْهُ يَا فُلَانُ [Try if thou canst see him, or it, by putting thy hand over thine eyes, O such a one]. (S.) b2: استوضح السَّبِيلَ He sought or endeavoured to see plainly or clearly the way: syn. اِستَبَانَهُ (Beyd, vi. 55.) b3: استوضح الشَّمْسَ He blinked at the sun; syn. تَحَاوَصَ إِلَيْهَا. (A.) b4: استوضحهُ الأَمْرَ, (S, K,) and الكَلَامَ, (S,) He asked him to make the affair, (S, K,) and the language, (S,) plain, or clear, to him. (S, K.) b5: استوضح عَنِ الأَمْرِ He inquired respecting the thing or affair; sought for information respecting it; inquired into it; investigated it. (L.) وَضَحٌ Light, and whiteness, (S,) of anything: (TA:) the whiteness of daybreak, or dawn: and of the moon; (K;) and its light. (TA.) b2: صُومُوا مِنَ الوَضَحِ إِلَى الوَضَحِ Fast ye from new moon to new moon. (IAth, from a trad.) b3: وَضَحٌ (tropical:) Leprosy; syn. بَرَصٌ. (S, K.) It is sometimes used in this sense, metonymically. (S.) b4: وَضَحٌ A mark in a horse differing in colour from the generality of his coat. You say بِالفَرَسِ وَضَحٌ In the horse is such a mark. (S.) b5: وَضَحٌ A blaze, or white mark on a horse's forehead or face. (K.) b6: What is termed تَحْجِيلٌ in the legs of a horse. (L, K.) and also applied to other varieties of colour. (L.) b7: فرَسٌ ذُو أَوْضَاحٍ A horse having a blaze and what is termed تحجيل. (A.) b8: وَضَحٌ Whiteness of the hair, or hoariness; or white, or hoary, hair. (K.) b9: (tropical:) Milk: (L, K:) thought by ISd to be so called because of its whiteness: or milk that has not been mixed with water: (L:) or that is just drawn. (TA, art. زهر.) Aboo-Dhueyb says, عَقَّوْا بِسَهْمٍ فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ بِهِ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ اسْتَفَؤُوا وَقَالُواحَبَّذَا الوَضَحُ [They shot an arrow towards the sky, and no one knew of it: then they returned, and said, An excellent thing is milk]: meaning, we would rather have milk than the blood of him who has killed our companion: they preferred that camels should be given them in compensation. (L.) [See also 2, in art. عقى.] b10: وَضَحٌ A sound, whole or perfect, [silver coin, of the kind called] دِرْهَم. (S, K.) دِرْهَمٌ وَضَحٌ A clean, white dirhem: pl. أَوْضَاحٌ. (TA.) b11: وَضَحٌ The middle, or main part and middle, of a road; the part of a road along which one travels. (S, K.) b12: وَضَحٌ A woman's ornament (حَلْىٌ) of silver: (A 'Obeyd, K:) or, of stones; (El-Meshárik;) i. e. of silverstones: (Towsheeh:) so called because of its whiteness: (TA:) pl. أَوْضَاحٌ: (K:) or أَوْضَاحٌ signifies a kind of woman's ornament (حَلْىٌ) made of whole [silver coins such as are called] دَرَاهِم: (S:) and (according to some, TA,) وَضَحٌ signifies an anklet; syn. خَلْخَالٌ (K) b13: وَضَحٌ (K) or وَضَحٌ الطَّرِيفَةِ, (L, but the latter word is there written; طريقة,) Small portions, or parts, of herbage; (L, K;) what he has become white thereof: (AHn:) pl. أَوْضَاحٌ: (L:) or أَوْضَاحٌ مِنْ كَلَإٍ signifies somewhat of herbage that has become white: (As:) Az says, I have mostly heard the term وَضَحٌ, with respect to herbage, applied to the نَصِىّ and صِلِّيَان صَيْفِىّ which is not a year old and has not become black: and on another occasion he says, that it is the remains of the حَلِىّ and صِلِّيَان only. (L.) b14: وَضَحٌ Whiteness predominating over other colours in sheep or goats, overspreading generally the whole body: pl. أَوْضَاحٌ: (L:) or, in the breast and back and face: (T:) you say also ↓ لَهُ تَوْضيحٌ. (L.) b15: مِنْ أَيْنَ بَدَا وَضَحُكَ: see 1. b16: وَضَحُ القَدَمِ Whiteness of the hollow of the sole of the foot. (L.) وَضَحَةٌ A she-ass. (K.) وَضِيحَةٌ, Camels, or camels and sheep; syn. نَعَمٌ: pl. وَضَائِحُ. (L, K.) وَضَّاحٌ: see وَاضِحٌ.

وَاضِحٌ and ↓ وَضَّاحٌ [but the latter has an intensive signification] Apparent, or plainly apparent; overt; conspicuous; manifest; notorious; plain; obvious; or evident; (L, K;) clear, or unobscured; exposed to view; displayed; laid open; disclosed, or uncovered. (So accord. to the explanation of the verb in the Msb.) b2: Perspicuous language. (The Lexicons passim.) b3: Also the ↓ latter, A man of white, or fair, and beautiful, complexion: (S, L, K:) of beautiful and smiling countenance. (L.) b4: See مُتَوَضِّحٌ. b5: Also the ↓ latter, (tropical:) Leprous. Hence Jedheemeh El-Abrash was called الوَضَّاحُ. (S.) b6: ↓ الوَضَّاحُ The day. (L, K.) The night is called الدَّهْمَانُ. (L.) b7: ↓ بِكْرُ الوَضَّاحِ The prayer of morning, or daybreak. The prayer of nightfall is called ثِنْىُ دَهْمَانَ. (L, K [but in the CK and a MS. copy of the K, for دَهْمَانَ, we find دُهْمَانَ].) b8: ↓ عَظْمُ وَضَّاحٍ, (L, K,) and عُظَيْمُ وَضَّاحٍ, (L,) A certain game (of the children of the Arabs of the desert, L,) in which children take a white bone and throw it in the darkness of night, and then disperse themselves in search of it: (L, K:) he who finds it wins. (L.) [See more in art. عظم.] b9: ↓ هُوَ مِنْكَ أَدْنَى وَاضِحَةٍ He is plainly apparent to thee, as though he had become white. (Th.) b10: رَجُلٌ وَاضحُ الحَسَبِ, and ↓ وَضَّاحُهُ, (tropical:) A man as though he were conspicuous, clean, or pure, and white, with respect to rank or quality, nobility, reputation, or the like. (L.) b11: In like manner one says, ↓ لَهُ النَّسَبُ الوَضَّاحُ (tropical:) He is of conspicuous and pure race, or lineage. (TA.) b12: وَاضِحٌ (assumed tropical:) An illustrious man. (EsSaadee.) b13: [And so] مِن النَّاسِ وَأَوْبَاشٌ ↓ أَوْضَاحٌ [Illustrious people, and mixed people of the baser sort;] companies of people of various tribes. No sing. of اوضاح in this sense has been heard. (L.) b14: الوُضَّخُ [pl. of وَاضِحٌ] The stars called الكَوَاكِبُ الخُنَّسُ [namely, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, and Mercury,] when in conjunction with the bright stars of the Mansions of the Moon. (L.) وَاضِحَةٌ: see وَاضِحٌ. b2: صِيَامُ الأَوَاضِحِ, originally وَوَاضِح, (Hr, K,) pl. of وَاضِحَةٌ, (TA,) or صِيَامُ الأَوْضَاحِ, (IAth,) The fasting during the days of the white nights: (K *, TA:) which was commanded by Mohammad: (K:) these are the 13th, 14th, and 15th, [of the lunar month]. (TA.) b3: الوَاضِحَةٌ The teeth that appear when one laughs: (S, K:) an epithet in which the quality of subst. predominates: pl. ضَوَاحِكُ. (TA.) b4: See مُوضِحَة.

أَوْضاَحٌ: see وَضَحٌ and وَاضِحٌ.

تَوْضِيحٌ inf. n. of 2, q.v. b2: And see وَضَحٌ at the end.

مُوضِحَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ وَاضِحَةٌ (TA) A wound by which the head or face is broken, that shows the whiteness of the bone: (S, K, TA:) or, that removes the skin which is between the flesh and the bone: the only kind of شَجَّة for which retaliation is allowed: for [some] other kinds there are assigned mulets: and for this too is assigned a mulct, consisting of five camels: but a موضحة may also be in other parts than the head or face; and respecting this, a judge must give his sentence: pl. مَواَضِحُ. (TA.) [See شَجَّةٌ.]

b2: مَوَاضِحُ الحَقِّ i. q. مَبَايِنُهُ, q.v. (TA, in art. بين.) b3: مُوضِحَةٌ A woman who brings forth white children. (O, in TA, art. بيض.) مُتَوَضِّحٌ and ↓ وَاضِحٌ A camel that is white, but not intensely so; (En-Nadr, L, K;) more white than such as is termed أَعْيَص [app. a mistake for أَعْيَس] and أَصْهَب: (En-Nadr, L:) also (the former accord. to the K, and the latter also accord. to the L) of such a colour in the أَقْرَاب [or flanks]. (L, K.) b2: مُتَوَضِّحٌ One who is apparent, or plainly apparent. (K.) b3: One who shows himself openly in the road, (S,) or who goes along the middle, or main part and middle of the road, (K,) and does not enter a woody place or the like where he would be concealed. (S, K.)