جمد

1 جَمَدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جَمْدٌ and جُمُودٌ, said of water, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) &c., (Msb,) [i. e.,] of anything fluid, or liquid, (K,) It congealed; concreted; became solid, or contr. of fluid or liquid; froze; syn. قَامَ; (S, M;) contr. of ذَابَ; (Msb, K;) as also جَمُدَ. (L, K.) And said of blood, &c., (S, M,) It congealed, or concreted; syn. قام: (M:) or became dry; dried. (S.) See also 2. b2: Also, inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (assumed tropical:) He, or it, remained fixed, or stationary. (KL.) You say, مَا زِلْتُ أَضْرِبُهُ حَتَّى جَمَدَ (tropical:) [I ceased not to beat him until he became motionless]. (A.) b3: (assumed tropical:) [He, or it, was, or became, incapable of growth or increase; lifeless, or dead: see جَامِدٌ. b4: (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; inert; not sharp, penetrating, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; or soft, without strength or sturdiness, and without endurance: see, again, جَامِدٌ.] b5: Also, inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (tropical:) said of a man's state or condition [as meaning, It was, or became, stagnant, or unimproving]. (A.) b6: Also جَمَدَتْ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جُمُودٌ, (tropical:) She [a camel, &c.,] had little milk. (T, TA.) and جَمَدَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye shed few tears: a phrase alluding to hardness of the heart. (Msb.) b7: Also جَمَدَ, (L, K,) aor. ـُ (L,) [inf. n. جُمُودٌ;] and ↓ أَجْمَدَ; (A, TA; [in a copy of the A, انجمد, but this is doubtless a mistranscription; see مُجْمِدٌ;]) (tropical:) He was, or became, niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; (L, A, K;) as also جَمَدَ كَفُّهُ [or جَمَدَتْ]; (Msb;) or جَمَدَتْ يَدُهُ: (A:) and ↓ اجمد he possessed little good: (A, TA:) or جُمُودٌ signifies the refraining, or holding back, from beneficence. (Har p. 149.) b8: جَمَدَ لِى عَلَيْهِ حَقِّى (tropical:) My right, or due, was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, on him; or established against him; (A, K, * TA;) as also ذَابَ. (A, TA.) A2: جَمَدَهُ He cut it, or cut it off. (K.) 2 جمّد, inf. n. تَجْمِيدٌ; (K;) or ↓ جَمَدَ; (so in the L;) It (water, and expressed juice, L) was about to congeal, concrete, become solid, or freeze; was at the point of congealing, &c.; expl. by حَاوَلَ أَنْ يَجْمُدَ. (L, K.) A2: [And the former, It caused water &c. to congeal.]4 اجمد: see 1, in two places. b2: Also, inf. n. إِجْمَادٌ, He was entrusted with the management of affairs among a people or party [in the game called المَيْسِر: see مُجْمِدٌ]. (T, TA.) A2: أَجْمَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ حَقِّى (tropical:) I made my right, or due, incumbent, or obligatory, on him; or established it against him. (A, K, * TA.) جَمْدٌ: see جَامِدٌ, in two places.

جُمْدٌ: see جُمُدٌ.

جَمَدٌ pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] of جَامِدٌ, q. v. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also Congealed, or frozen, water; ice: [see also جَمْدٌ, mentioned with جَامِدٌ:] and snow. (K.) b3: See also what next follows.

جُمُدٌ and ↓ جُمْدٌ Elevated ground; as also ↓ جَمَدٌ: (M, K:) or a hard, elevated place: (S, TA:) or جُمُدٌ signifies rugged ground: (TA:) or an elevated, rugged place: (As, TA:) or a small isolated mountain, not high, sometimes rugged and sometimes soft, and producing trees, only found in rugged land; so called because of its dryness; it is the smallest kind of أَكَمَة, round and small, not extending along the ground, rugged at the top, and producing herbs, or leguminous plants, as well as trees; differing from جُمُودٌ [q. v.]: (ISh, L, TA:) pl. [of mult.] جِمَادٌ (ISh, S, M, K) and [of pauc.] أَجْمَادٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: Also, the first, A stone: pl. جِمَادٌ. (Fr, TA.) جَمَادٌ (assumed tropical:) [A thing that does not grow, or increase; that is incapable of growth, or increase; an inorganic thing; as a mineral and the like:] an inanimate thing; a thing that has no soul: [an epithet used as a subst.; or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant:] pl. جَمَادَاتٌ. (Har p. 13.) [See also جَامِدٌ.] b2: (tropical:) Land (أَرْضٌ) upon which rain has not fallen: (T, S, K:) or dry land, upon which no rain has fallen, and in which is nothing: (T, TA:) or land in which is no produce: (A:) or, as some say, rugged land: (L:) or sterile, barren, or unfruitful, land, in which is nothing; as also جَهَادٌ: pl. جُمُدٌ. (AA, L in art. جهد.) b3: (tropical:) A year (سَنَةٌ) in which is no rain: (S, K:) or in which is no produce of the earth: (A:) and, in like manner, ↓ جَامِدَةٌ a year in which is no herbage, or pasture, no plenty, or fruitfulness, and no rain. (T, TA.) b4: (tropical:) A she-camel having no milk; (S, M, K;) and so a ewe or a she-goat: (L:) or having little milk: (T, TA:) and [accord. to some,] a slow she-camel; syn. بَطِيْئَةٌ; (L, K;) but [this is app. a mistranscription for بَكِيْئَةٌ

“ having little milk,” and] ISd says that the explanation بطيئة does not please him. (TA.) b5: See also جَامِدٌ, in two places.

A2: A kind of cloth or garment; as also ↓ جِمَادٌ. (K.) جَمَادِ, like قَطَامِ, (K,) or جَمَادِ لَهُ, (S, A, L,) said with reference to a niggard, (S, A, L, K,) in dispraise, (K,) as an imprecation, meaning (tropical:) May a stagnant, or an unimproving, state or condition (جُمُودُ الحَالِ) be his lot [or his constant lot]: (A:) or may he not cease to be in a stagnant, or an unimproving, state or condition (لَا زَالَ جَامِدَ الحَالِ). (S, L.) جَمَادِ is [a proper name,] indecl., with kesr for its termination, because it is transformed from the inf. n., namely, الجُمُودُ, like فَجَارِ, which means الفَجْرَةُ: (S:) and the contr. of جَمَادِ لَهُ is جَمَادِ لَهُ, (S, * A,) which denotes praise. (S.) El-Mutalemmis says, جَمَادِ لَهَا وَلَا تَقُولِى

لَهَا أَبَدًا إِذَا ذُكِرَتْ حَمَادِ i. e., Say thou جُمُودًا to her, [جُمُودًا,] and say not to her [ever, when she is mentioned,] حَمْدًا and شُكْرًا. (S.) جِمَادٌ: see جَمَادٌ, last meaning.

جَمُودٌ: see جَامِدٌ.

جُمُودٌ [app. Elevated tracts,] softer, or more plain, than what is termed جُمُدٌ, and more intermixed with soft, or plain, tracts, sometimes in, or by, that [kind of high ground] which is termed قُفٌّ, and sometimes in, or by, soft, or plain, tracts. (ISh, L, TA.) جَمِيدُ العَيْنِ: see جَامِدٌ.

جُمَادَى One of the names of the months, (Msb, K,) applied to two of the Arabian months, together called جُمَادَيَانِ, (TA,) and distinguished by the appellations of جُمَادَى الأُولَى and جُمَادَى

الآخِرَةُ [the fifth and sixth months of the Arabian year]: (S, K:) it is of the measure فُعَالَى, from الجَمْدُ; (S;) the two months to which it is applied being [said to be] so called because, when the months were named, these two fell in the season of the freezing of water: (ISd, L, Msb:) [but this derivation seems to have been invented when the two months thus named had fallen back, into, or beyond, the winter; for when they received this appellation, the former of them evidently commenced in March, and the latter ended in May; therefore I hold the opinion of M. Caussin de Perceval, that they were thus called because falling in a period when the earth had become dry and hard by reason of paucity of rain, from جَمَادٌ, an epithet applied to land upon which rain has not fallen, or from جُمَادَى, an epithet applied to an eye that sheds few tears; which opinion is confirmed by the obvious derivations of the names of other months, صَفَرٌ and رَبِيعٌ and رَمَضَانُ and شَوَّالٌ:] afterwards, when the lunar months superseded the solar, the same names were retained: (Msb:) [see زَمَنٌ, and الهِجْرَةُ:] جمادى is determinate, (K,) being a proper name, (TA,) and of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) if you find it masc., it is because it is made to accord to الشَّهْرُ: all the other names of the months are masc.: (Fr, IAmb, Msb:) the pl. is جُمَادَيَاتٌ, (Fr, L, K,) agreeably with analogy; and if the form جِمَادٌ [a mistranscription for جَمَائِدُ, like حَبَائِرُ, pl. of حُبَارَى,] were used, it would also be agreeable with analogy. (Fr, L.) The former of these two months is also called جُمَادَى خَمْسَةٍ; and the latter, جُمَادَى سِتَّةٍ; (K;) which mean, respectively, Jumádà the fifth month and Jumádà the sixth month, from the commencement of the year. (TA.) Lebeed says, [describing a pair of wild asses,] حَتَّى إِذَا سَلَخَا جُمَادَى سِتَّةً

جَزَآ فَطَالَ صِيَامُهُ وَصِيَامُهَا [Until, when they both pass, and come to the end of, Jumádà, completing six months, they satisfy themselves with green pasture so as to be in no need of water, and his and her abstinence from water becomes of long continuance]: thus cited by Bundár; ستّة being in the accus. case as a denotative of state, and by جمادى being meant جمادى الآخرة: or, accord. to IAar, the poet said ستّةٍ, meaning the six months of winter, which are the months of dew; and Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says the like. (MF.) AHn says that the Arabs applied the name of جمادى to The whole of the winter; [see above;] whether the winter were at the same time as the months so called or not: and Aboo-Sa'eed says the like. (L.) b2: See also جَامِدٌ.

لَيْلَةٌ جُمَادِيَّةٌ A wintry night. (Aboo-Sa'eed, L.) [See جُمَادَى.]

جَمَّادٌ (tropical:) A sword such that he who is struck with it becomes motionless (يَجْمُدُ): (A, TA:) or a sharp, cutting, sword. (AA, K.) جَامِدٌ, applied to water, (Msb, K,) &c., (Msb,) [i. e.] anything fluid, or liquid, (K,) In a state of congelation, concretion, or solidity; freezing; as also ↓ جَمْدٌ; contr. of ذَائِبٌ: (Msb, K:) you say مَآءٌ جَمْدٌ [as well as مَآءٌ جَامِدٌ]: (Msb:) or ↓ جَمْدٌ signifies what is congealed, or frozen, of water [&c.]; ice; (S, A;) contr. of ذَوْبٌ: (S:) [see also جَمَدٌ:] it is originally an inf. n.: (S, Msb, K:) [or it is an epithet from جَمُدَ, like ضَخْمٌ from ضَخُمَ:] and ↓ جَمَدٌ is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of جَامِدٌ, (S, Msb, K,) like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ: (S, Msb:) you say, قَدْ كَثُرَ الجَمَدُ [The frozen waters have become many]. (S.) [Hence,] مُخَّةٌ جَامِدَةٌ A hard piece of marrow. (L.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Remaining fixed, stationary, or motionless. (Bd and Jel in xxvii. 90.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A thing that does not grow, or increase; [incapable of growth, or increase; inanimate;] as stone, in contradistinction to a tree [and an animal]. (Kull.) [See also جَمَادٌ.] You say, لَكَ جَامِدُ هٰذَا المَالِ وَذَائِبُهُ (A, L, K *) (tropical:) To thee belongs, or shall belong, what consists of gold and silver [or the like inanimate things], of this property, and what consists of live stock, thereof: (L, K:) or what consists of stones, thereof, and what consists of trees, thereof: or what is solid, thereof, and what is fluid, or liquid, thereof. (L.) b4: [Hence its application in lexicology and grammar to (assumed tropical:) A noun that is not an inf. n. nor derived from an inf. n.; a noun having the quality of a real substantive (اِسْمِ عَيْنٍ), opposed to that which has the quality of an ideal substantive (اِسْمُ مَعْنًى): and (assumed tropical:) a verb that has but one tense and no inf. n., as لَيْسَ and نِعْمَ &c., opposed (as is said in the TA voce قَدْ) to مُتَصَرِّفٌ: it may be rendered (and so I have rendered it), in these cases, aplastic.]

b5: (assumed tropical:) Lifeless; dead. (Kull p. 147.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; inert; not sharp, penetrating, vigorous, or effective, in the performing of affairs; or soft, without strength or sturdiness, and without endurance. (TA.) b7: It is also applied to a man's state, or condition: you say رَجُلٌ جَامِدُ الحَالِ (assumed tropical:) [A man in a stagnant, or unimproving, state or condition]. (S, L.) b8: and to the eye: you say عَيْنٌ جَامِدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) An eye that sheds no tears; (Ks, K;) as also ↓ جُمَادَى, (Ks, K,) and ↓ جَمُودٌ; (S, K;) or this last signifies (tropical:) an eye that sheds few tears. (A.) And رَجُلٌ جَامِدُ العَيْنِ, (A, K,) and العين ↓ جَمِيدُ, and العين ↓ جَمَادُ, (A,) (tropical:) A man whose eye sheds few tears; (A;) or whose eye sheds no tears. (K.) b9: See also جَمَادٌ. b10: Also, (L,) and ↓ مُجْمِدٌ, (M, A, K,) and الكَفِّ ↓ جَمَادُ, (A, K,) (tropical:) Niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; (M, A, K;) niggardly of that which it is incumbent on him to give: (L:) and ↓ مُجْمِدٌ, also, a man of little, or no, good; possessing little, or no, good. (K.) A2: جَوَامِدُ, (as its pl., IAar, L,) Limits, or boundaries, or boundary-marks, between lands, (IAar, L, K, *) and between two dwellings. (L.) مُجْمِدٌ: see جَامِدٌ, last sentence but one, in two places. b2: The person who is entrusted with the management of affairs in a game of chance (قِمَار [here meaning the game called المَيْسِر]): (K:) [i. q. ضَرِيبٌ:] or the person entrusted with the management of affairs among a people or party, (T, K, TA,) who does not take part in the game called المَيْسِر, except that he shuffles the arrows (يَضْرِبُ بِهَا) for the players, and has them placed in his hands, and is confided in with respect to them, and compels him who has incurred an obligation to fulfil it: (L, TA:) or one who takes no part in the game called المَيْسِر, (who is called بَرَمٌ,) but who sometimes shuffles, or deals forth, the arrows, (يُفِيضُ بِهَا,) for the players; so in the following verse of Tarafeh: وَأَصْفَرَ مَضْبُوحٍ نَظَرْتُ حَوِيرَهُ عَلَى النَّارِ وَاسْتَوْدَعْتُهُ كَفَّ مُجْمِدِ [And of many a yellow arrow, changed in colour by fire, I have awaited the sound over the fire, and I have deposited it in the hand of one taking no part in the game but only shuffling, or dealing forth, the arrows for the players]; meaning, I have awaited its sound, which was like an answer proceeding from it, when I straightened it and marked it, over the fire: (S:) [or, accord. to the EM (p. 105), where we find حِوَارَهُ in the place of حَوِيرَهُ, the meaning is, and of many a yellow arrow, &c., I have awaited the returning and gaining, while we were assembled at the fire, &c.:] or مجمد here means a man taking with both his hands so as not to let anything go forth from them: (AA, TA:) or, accord. to As, it here means a man entering upon Jumádà, which was in that [the poet's] time a month of cold: (S, K: *) or one whose arrow does not gain anything in the game called المَيْسِر: (L:) or a person in whom one confides, and who is tenacious of that which is in his hand or possession, and not to be deceived. (A 'Obeyd, TA.) مَجْمَدَةٌ A place in which ice is kept. (MA.) هُوَ مُجَامِدِى He is my neighbour, his house, or tent, adjoining mine. (K.)

جذع

4 اجذع, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِجْذَاعٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) He (a beast) became such as is denoted by the term جَذَعٌ; (TA;) said of the offspring of the sheep or goat, he became in his second year; of that of the cow, and of a solidhoofed beast, he became in his third year; and of that of the camel, he became in his fifth year: (S, Msb, K:) but sometimes, when said of the offspring of the ewe, it means he became six months old, or nine months old; and such is allowable as a victim for sacrifice: (S:) IAar says, it denotes a time, not a tooth (Mgh, Msb) growing or falling out: (Msb:) and said of a she-goat, اجذعت means she became a year old, and sometimes, less than a year, by reason of plenty of food; and of a sheep, اجذع means, when from young parents, he became from six months old to seven; and when from very old parents, from eight months old to ten. (Mgh, Msb.) [See جَذَعٌ, below.]6 تجاذع (tropical:) He (a man) pretended to be a جَذَع [or youth]. (TA.) جِذْعٌ The trunk of a palm-tree: (S, * Msb, K:) or, accord to some, only after it has become dry: or, accord. to some, only after it has been cut: (TA:) or the trunk of a tree when the head has gone: (Ham p. 656:) in the Kur, xix. 23, it is applied to the trunk of a palm-tree which had become dry and was without a head; (Bd;) therefore this does not indicate any restriction nor the contrary: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أجْذَاعٌ (Msb) and [of mult.] جُذُوعٌ. (S, Msb.) b2: The beam of a roof. (Msb, TA.) جَذَعٌ A beast (Lth, Mgh) before the ثَنِىّ [q. v.], (Lth, S, Mgh, Msb, K,) by one year; when it may for the first time be ridden and used: (Lth:) fem. with ة: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. masc. [of pauc.] أجْذَاعٌ (Yoo, O) and [of mult.] جُذْعَانٌ (Yoo, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جِذْعَانٌ (L, Msb) and جِذَاعٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جُذَاعٌ; (Yoo, O;) and pl. fem. جَذَعَاتٌ: (S, Msb:) it is a name applied to the beast in a particular time, not denoting a tooth growing or falling out: (S, K:) but it differs in its application to different kinds of beasts: (Az:) applied to a sheep or goat, it means a year old; (IAar;) in his second year: (Mgh:) or, applied to a sheep, a year old; and sometimes less than a year, by reason of plenty of food; (IAar;) or eight months old, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or nine; (TA;) or, when from young parents, from six months old to seven; and when from very old parents from eight months old to ten; (IAar, Mgh;) and the sheep thus called is a satisfactory victim for sacrifice: (Mgh, TA:) and applied to a goat, a year old; (Az, Mgh;) or in its second year; (Az;) but the goat thus called is not a satisfactory victim for sacrifice: (Mgh:) applied to a bull, it means in like manner in his second year; (Mgh;) or in his third year; and the bull thus called is not a satisfactory victim for sacrifice: (TA:) applied to a horse, it means in his third year; (IAar;) or in his fourth year: (Mgh:) [but see قَارِحٌ:] and applied to a camel, in his fifth year; (Az, Mgh;) fem. with ة; and this (a جذعة) is what must be given for the poor-rate when the camels are more than sixty. (Az, TA.) [See also شَصَرٌ.] b2: A youth, or young man. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) One who is light-witted, or weak and stupid, like a youth: opposed in this sense to بَازِلٌ as meaning “ old: ” (IAar, TA:) or one whose teeth have fallen out, here and there, [as though likened to a beast thus termed that has shed some of his first teeth,] because he has drawn near to his appointed term of life. (TA: [but it is not quite clear whether this explanation relate to جذع or to بازل.]) b4: (tropical:) [A novice, or recent beginner.] You say, فُلَانٌ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ جَذَعٌ (tropical:) [Such a one, in this affair, is a novice, or recent beginner,] when he has begun it recently. (S, Z.) b5: الدَّهْرُ جَذَعٌ أَبَدًا (tropical:) Time, or fortune, is ever new, like a youth. (K, * TA.) b6: Hence, (TA,) الأَزْلَمُ الجَذَعُ (tropical:) Time, or fortune; (S, K;) as in the saying, أَهْلَكَهُمُ الأَزْلَمُ الجَذَعُ (tropical:) Time, or fortune, destroyed them; and لَا آتِيكَ الأَزْلَمَ الجَذَعَ (tropical:) I will not come to thee ever. (TA.) [See also art. زلم.] And accord. to some, (S,) The lion: (S, K:) but this is a mistake. (IB, L.) b7: And hence, (TA,) أُمُّ الجَذَعِ (tropical:) Calamity, or misfortune. (K, TA.) b8: أَعَدْتُ الأَمْرَ جَذَعًا (tropical:) I renewed the thing, or affair, as it was at the first: as, for instance, a war which had been extinguished. (TA.) And فَرَّ الأَمْرَ جَذَعًا [signifies, in like manner, (tropical:) He recommenced the thing: or] he commenced the thing. (TA.) And فُرَّ الأَمْرُ جَذَعًا (tropical:) The thing was commenced: (TA:) or the thing returned to its first state; it recommenced. (K in art. فر.) b9: جُذْعَانُ الجِبَالِ (assumed tropical:) Small mountains. (K.) جُذُوعَةٌ [The state of being what is denoted by the term جَذَعٌ;] a subst. from إِجْذَاعٌ [inf. n. of اجذع]. (TA.) جَذْعَمَةٌ Young; (S, K, * TA;) not arrived at puberty: (TA:) originally جَذْعَةٌ; (S, K;) the م being augmentative: (S:) the ة is either to give intensiveness to the meaning, or to denote the fem. gender; the word being considered as implying the meaning of نَفْسٌ or جُثَّةٌ. (TA.) خَرُوفٌ مُتَجَاذِعٌ [A lamb approaching the age in which the term جَذَعٌ is applied to him: expl. in some copies of the K by دَانٍ: in others, by وَانٍ:] in the copies of the O, expl. by وَانٍ مِنَ الإِجْذَاعِ: in the TS and in the A, by دَانٍ, which is probably the right reading. (TA.) Quasi جذعم جَذْعَمَةٌ: see art. جذع.

جرف

1 جَرَفَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. جَرْفٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَرْفَةٌ, (Lh, K,) He took away, carried away, or removed, the whole of it, (S, Msb, K,) or the greater part of it, (S,) or much of it: (S, K:) and [in like manner ↓ جرّفهُ; for its inf. n.] تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of carrying away wholly: (KL:) and ↓ اجترفهُ he took the whole of it. (TA in art. جفت.) b2: Also, (inf. n. جَرْفٌ, TA,) He swept it away, namely, mud, (S, K,) from the surface of the earth; (TA;) and so ↓ جرّفهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تجرّفهُ: (K:) or ↓ تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of clearing away mud or the like well; in Persian, نيك رنديدن: (KL: [Golius, app. misled by a mistranscription, has explained the verb, جرّف, as on the authority of the KL, by “ bene effudit: ”]) and الشَّىْءَ ↓ اجترف he swept away the thing (جَرَفَهُ) from the surface of the earth. (TA.) Yousay also, جَرَفَتْهُ السُّيُولُ, (Msb,) or ↓ جرّفتهُ, inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ; (S;) and ↓ تجرّفتهُ; (S, K;) The torrents swept it away; (TA;) [or swept it partially away; or wore it away;] namely, a portion of land. (S, Msb, K. See جُرُفٌ.) And, of a death commonly prevailing, جَرَفَ النَّاسَ كَجَرْفِ السَّيْلِ (tropical:) [It swept away, or destroyed, men, like the sweeping away of the torrent]: (TA:) and ↓ يَجْتَرِفُ مَالَ القَوْمِ [It sweeps away, or destroys, the cattle of the people]. (S, TA.) b3: [He shovelled it, or scooped it, away, or up, or out.] You say, جَرَفَهُ بِكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ [He scooped it up, or out, with both his hands]; i. e. something dry, as flour, and sand, and the like. (S in art. حفن.) b4: جُرِفَ It (herbage) was eaten up utterly. (TA.) 2 جرّفهُ, inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ: see 1, in four places. b2: جرّفهُ الدَّهْرُ (assumed tropical:) Time, or fortune, or misfortune, destroyed, or exterminated, his property, or cattle, and reduced him to poverty. (TA.) A poet (of the Benoo-Teiyi, TA) says, فَإِنْ تَكُنِ الحَوَادِثُ جَرَّفَتْنِى

فَلَمْ أَرَ هَالِكًا كَابْنَىْ زِيَادِ (assumed tropical:) [And if misfortunes have destroyed my property, or cattle, and reduced me to poverty, I have not seen any one in a state of perdition like the two sons of Ziyád]. (S, TA.) 4 اجرف It (a place) was invaded by a torrent such as is termed جُرَاف. (K.) 5 تَجَرَّفَ see 1, in two places; and see جُرُفٌ.8 إِجْتَرَفَ see 1, in three places.

جُرْفٌ: see جُرُفٌ. b2: Also A smooth side of a mountain. (A boo-Kheyreh, K.) جِرْفٌ: see the next paragraph.

جُرُفٌ and ↓ جُرْفٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) [An abrupt, water-worn, bank or ridge;] a bank (جَانِبٌ Ksh and Jel in ix. 110) of a valley, the lower part of which is excavated by the water, and hollowed out by the torrents, so that it remains uncompact, unsound, or weak; (Ksh ib.;) a bank, or an acclivity, of a water-course of a valley and the like, when the water has carried away from its lower part, and undermined it, so that it has become like what is termed a دَحْل, with its upper part overhanging; (L;) a portion of land (or sand, S in art. تهر) which the torrents have partially swept away, or worn away, (↓ تَجَرَّفَتْهُ, S, K, or ↓ جَرَفَتْهُ, Msb,) and eaten; (S, Msb, K;) a portion of the lower part of the side of a valley, and of a river, eaten by the torrent; (M, TA;) the side of the bank of a river, that has been eaten by the water, so that some part of it every little while falls: (Har p. 47:) and the latter, [or each,] a place which the torrent does not take away; as also ↓ جِرْفٌ; (K;) [i. e. a bank, or ridge, that remains rising abruptly by the bed of a torrent or stream:] pl. [of pauc.] (of جُرُفٌ, TA) أَجْرَافٌ, (K,) like أَطْنَابٌ pl. of طُنُبٌ, (TA,) and [of mult.] (of جُرْفٌ, though it is implied in the K that it is of جُرُفٌ, TA) جِرَفَةٌ, like جِحَرَةٌ (S, K) pl. of جُحْرٌ, (S,) and جُرُوفٌ. (ISd, TA.) جُرَافٌ A torrent that carries away everything; (S, Msb;) i. q. جُحَافٌ applied to a torrent; as also ↓ جَوْرَفٌ; (K;) and ↓ جَارُوفٌ a torrent that sweeps away that by which it passes, by reason of its copiousness, carrying away everything, and so ↓ جَارِفٌ applied to rain. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A very voracious man: (K, TA:) a man who devours all the food: (S:) one who eats vehemently, leaving nothing remaining. (M, TA.) b3: (tropical:) A man who marries much, or often, and is brisk, lively, sprightly, or active; as also ↓ جَارُوفٌ. (K, TA.) b4: (tropical:) A sword that sweeps away everything. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A sort of measure of capacity; as also ↓ جِرَافٌ: (S, K:) a certain large measure of capacity. (ISk, TA.) جِرَافٌ: see what next precedes.

نَيْطَلٌ جَرُوفٌ [A capacious bucket: see 3 in art. نهز]. (S in art. نهز.) جُرَّافَةٌ: see مِجْرَفَةٌ.

جَارِفٌ: see جُرَافٌ. b2: Also (tropical:) A death commonly, or generally, prevailing, (S, K, TA,) that sweeps away, or destroys, (يَجْتَرِفُ,) the cattle of the people. (S, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Plague, or pestilence. (K.) الجَارِفُ means (assumed tropical:) A plague, or pestilence, that happened in the time of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; (S;) or, as Lth says, الطَّاعُونُ الجَارِفُ means the plague, or pestilence, that befel the people of El-'Irák [in the year of the Flight 69], spreading wide, and sweeping away the people like the sweeping away of the torrent. (TA.) And (tropical:) Evil fortune, or an affliction, that sweeps away, or destroys, (Lth, K, TA,) a people, (K,) or the cattle of a people. (Lth, TA.) جَوْرَفٌ: see جُرَافٌ. b2: Hence, as being likened to the torrent thus termed, (TA,) (tropical:) A quick, or swift, بِرْذَون [or hack, &c.]. (K.) And (tropical:) An ass; [app. meaning a wild ass, because of his swiftness.] (Sgh, K.) And, accord. to some, A male ostrich: (as in the K:) but this is a mistranscription for جَوْرَقٌ, with ق. (Abu-l-' Abbás, T, Sgh, L, TA.) جَارُوفٌ: see جُرَافٌ, in two places. b2: Also (tropical:) Greedy; having an inordinate desire, or appetite, for food. (K, TA.) b3: And An (tropical:) unfortunate man. (K, * TA.) مِجْرَفٌ: see مِجْرَفَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] بَنَانٌ مِجْرَفٌ [Fingers, or fingers' ends,] that take much food. (IAar, TA.) مِجْرَفَةٌ A broom, or besom; (K;) a thing with which mud is swept away from the surface of the ground: (S, * TA:) [applied in the present day to a shovel: and a hoe: and a rake:] as also ↓ مِجْرَفٌ: vulgarly, ↓ جُرَّافَةٌ; [now applied by many to a drag for dragging rivers &c.;] of which the pl. is جَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) مُجَرَّفٌ (tropical:) A man who has had his property, or or cattle, destroyed, or exterminated, and who has been reduced to poverty, by time, or fortune, or misfortune. (TA.) مُجَرِّفٌ (tropical:) Lean, or emaciated. (M, TA.) [See what next follows.]

مُتَجَرِّفٌ (tropical:) A ram whose general fatness has gone; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) and so a camel. (TA.) b2: Lean, or emaciated; as also مُتَجَلِّفٌ. (TA in art. جلف.) You say, جَآءَ مُتَجَرِّفًا (tropical:) He (a man, Ibn-'Abbád, TA) came in a lean and lax state (هَزِيلًا مُضْطَرِبًا). (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

جنف

1 جَنَفٌ (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and جُنُوفٌ, (K,) the former being inf. n. of جَنِفَ and the latter of جَنَفَ, (TA,) The act of inclining, or declining (T, S, Mgh, K, TA) in speech and in all affairs: (TA:) and declining, or deviating, from the right course; acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (T, Msb, * K, TA;) like حَيْفٌ, which some erroneously assert to be the act of a judge only. (T, TA.) You say, جَنِفَ, (T, S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. جَنَفٌ; (S, Msb;) [and app. جَنَفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. جُنُوفٌ;] and ↓ اجنف; (T, Msb, TA;) He inclined or declined [in speech and in any affair]: (T, S, TA:) and he declined, or deviated, from the right course; acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (T, Mgh, Msb, TA;) عَلَيْهِ against him. (Mgh.) Hence, in the Kur [ii. 178], فَمَنْ خَافَ مِنْ مُوصٍ جَنَفًا (S, TA,) i. e. [And he who feareth, (or, as is said in the K in art. خوف, knoweth,) from, or on the part of, the testator,] an inclining [to a wrong course], or a declining [from the right course]: (TA:) or a manifest inclining or declining. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say, جَنِفَ فِى وَصِيَّتِهِ, aor. ـَ [He inclined, &c., in his testament;] and so ↓ اجنف. (K.) And ↓ اجنف signifies He deviated from that which was right. (K.) And فِى حُكْمِهِ ↓ اجنف [He declined from the right course, or acted wrongfully or unjustly, in his judgment]. (TA.) Or ↓ اجنف relates peculiarly to the case of a testament: and جَنِفَ signifies absolutely He declined, or deviated, from that which was right. (K.) And you say, جَنِفَ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ, aor. ـَ and جَنَفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. جَنَفٌ, (K, TA,) which is of the former verb, (TA,) and جُنُوفٌ, (K, TA,) which is of the latter verb; He turned away from his course, or way; deviated therefrom. (TA.) b2: Or [app. a mistake for “and ”] جَنَفٌ signifies Depression (دُخُولٌ and اِنْهِضَامٌ) in one of the two sides of the breast, or chest, (الزَّوْرِ,) with evenness of the other side: (K:) the verb is جَنِفَ: and the part. n. is ↓ جَنِفٌ and ↓ أَجْنَفُ, fem. [of the latter] جَنْفَآءُ. (TA.) 3 جنَافٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb (جانف) is not mentioned]. You say, لَجَّ فِى جِنَافٍ قَبِيحٍ He persisted in removing himself to a distance, or estranging himself, from his family; (Aboo-Sa'eed, K;) like جِنَابٍ قَبِيحٍ. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) 4 اجنف He committed an act of inclining [to a wrong course], or declining [from the right course, or acting wrongfully or unjustly or injuriously or tyrannically]; like as you say, أَلَامَ, meaning “he did a thing for which he should be blamed.” (S.) See also 1, in five places.

A2: اجنفهُ He found him to be one who deviated from the right way in his judgment; who acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, therein. (K.) تجانف فِى مِشْيَتِهِ ?? He carried himself in a proud and self-conceited manner, [affecting an inclining of the body from side to side,] in his gait. (TA.) [And He inclined on one side in his gait: said of one who is lame of one leg: see مَحْرُوقٌ.] b2: تجانف عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ He affected a declining, or deviating, from his course, or way; he purposely declined, or deviated, therefrom; (K, * TA;) syn. تَمَايَلَ. (K.) And in like manner, تجانف إِلَى الشَّىْءِ [He affected an inclining to the thing; intentionally inclined to it]. (TA.) You say, تجانف لِإِثْمٍ He inclined to a sin, (S, Mgh,) [or affected an inclining to it, (see the part. n., below,)] intending, or purposing, the commission of an act of disobedience. (Mgh.) جَنَفَ is [an epithet] like دَنَفَ, applying to a sing. and a pl., [being] also an inf. n. [of جَنِفَ, q. v.]: Abu-l-'Iyál El-Hudhalee says, أَلَّا دَرَأْتَ الخَصْمَ حِينَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ جَنَفًا عَلَىَّ بِأَلْسُنٍ وَعُيُونِ [Wherefore didst not thou repel the adversaries, when thou sawest them inclining, or acting wrongfully, against me with tongues and eyes?]: or, accord. to one reading, جُنُفًا [which is a pl. of ↓ جَانِفٌ]: (Skr p. 128:) [or, as some say,] جَنَفًا is a pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ جَانِفٌ, like as رَوَحَ is of رَائِحٌ: or it may be for ذَوِي جَنَفٍ. (TA.) جَنِفٌ: see أَجْنَفُ, in two places: b2: and see also 1, last sentence.

جُنَافِىٌّ One who carries himself in a proud and self-conceited manner, (مُخْتَال, [for which Golius, here copied by Freytag, appears to have read مُحْتَال, with the unpointed ح,]) with an inclining [of the body from side to side]: (Sh, K:) or one who affects an inclining [of the body from side to side] (يَتَجَانَفُ) in his gait, and carries himself in a proud and self-conceited manner therein. (TA.) جَانِفٌ: see أَجْنَفُ; and see also جَنَفٌ, in two places.

أَجْنَفُ [fem. جَنْفَآءُ] Inclining [to a wrong course], or declining [from the right course], or acting wrongfully or unjustly, [absolutely, as also ↓ جَنِفٌ and ↓ جَانِفٌ and ↓ مِجْنَفٌ, or peculiarly] in his testament. (K.) You say, صَادَفَهُ فِى حُكْمِهِ ↓ جَنِفًا [He found him to be one who deviated from the right way in his judgment; who acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically, therein]. (K.) And ↓ خَصْمٌ مِجْنَفٌ An adversary who inclines [to a wrong course], or declines [from the right course]; (K;) who acts wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically. (TA.) b2: Inclining; [or pendulous;] applied to a penis. (TA.) b3: Having a bending back; (S, K;) applied to a man. (S.) b4: See also 1, last sentence. b5: Big, or large; applied to a bowl (قَدَح). (TA.) مِجْنَفٌ: see أَجْنَفُ, in two places.

غَيْرَ مُتَجَانِفٍ لِإِثْمٍ, in the Kur [v. 5], means Not affecting an inclining to sin; intending, or purposing, it. (Msb, TA.)

جدل

1 جَدَلَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, K) and جَدِلَ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ, (S,) He twisted it firmly; (S, K;) namely, a rope. (S.) b2: He made it firm, strong, or compact. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] جَارِيَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ الجَدْلِ (assumed tropical:) [A girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make]. (S.) b4: [Hence also,] عَمِلَ عَلَى

شَاكِلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا (assumed tropical:) [He did according to his own particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, to which he was strongly disposed by nature]. (TA.) A2: See also 2.

A3: جَدَلَ, inf. n. جُدُولٌ, It (a thing) was, or became, hard, and strong. (K, * TA.) b2: جَدَلَ الحَبُّ فِى

السُّنْبُلِ The grain became strong in the ears: (S. O, TA:) or accord. to the K, it means وَقَعَ [i. e., came into the ears]. (TA.) b3: جَدَلَ said of a young gazelle, &c., He became strong, and followed his mother. (K.) [See also جَادِلٌ.]

A4: جَدِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. جَدَلٌ, [said in the S to be a subst. from 3, q. v.,] He contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, vehemently, or violently. (Msb.) 2 جدّلهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْدِيلٌ, (Msb,) He threw him down (S, Msb, K) upon the جَدَالَة, (Msb, K,) i. e., (TA,) upon the ground; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدَلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ: (TA:) or the former signifies he did so much, or often. (TA.) You say, طَعَنَهُ فَجَدَّلَهُ [He thrust him, or pierced him, with a spear or the like, and threw him down &c.]. (S, Msb.) [See also 3.]3 جادلهُ, inf. n. مُجَادَلَةٌ and جِدَالٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) He contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, with him: (S, TA:) or did so vehemently, or violently, (Mgh, K,) and ably, or powerfully: (K:) [or he did so obstinately, or merely for the purpose of convincing him; for]

مجادلة signifies the disputing respecting a question of science for the purpose of convincing the opponent, whether what he says be wrong in itself or not: (Kull p. 342:) [he wrangled with him:] or جادل, inf. n. مجادلة and جدال, as above, signifies originally he contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, by advancing what might divert the mind from the appearance of the truth and of what was right: and accord. to a later usage, of the lawyers, he compared evidences [in a discussion with another person, or other persons,] in order that it might appear which of those evidences was preponderant: and the doing this is commendable if for the purpose of ascertaining the truth; but otherwise it is blameable: (Msb:) accord. to Er-Rághib, جدال signifies the competing in disputation or contention, and in striving to overcome [thereby]; from جَدَلْتُ الحَبْلَ, meaning, “I twisted the rope firmly; ” as though each of the two parties twisted the other from his opinion: or, as some say, it originally means the act of wrestling, and throwing down another upon the جَدَالَة [or ground]: accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál, a disputing that has for its object the manifesting and establishing of tenets or opinions. (TA.) [See also جَدِلَ.]4 اجدلت She (a gazelle) had her young one [sufficiently grown to be] walking with her. (Zj, K.) 5 تَجَدَّلَ see 7.6 تجادلوا The contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, [or did so vehemently, or violently, &c., (see 3,)] one with another. (KL, MA, &c.,) 7 انجدل He fell down upon the ground: (S:) he became thrown down upon the جَدَالَة, i. e., the ground; and in like manner ↓ تجدّل, he became thrown down, &c., much, or often. (TA.) 8 اِجْتِدَالٌ The act of building, or constructing. (TA.) El-Kumeyt says, مَجَادِلَ شَدَّ الرَّاصِفُونَ اجْتِدَالَهَا (S, TA) i. e. [Pavilions of which the masons have made strong] the building, or construction. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 جَدْوَلَ He ruled a book with lines; such as are ruled round a page, &c. See جَدْوَلٌ.]

جَدْلٌ Hard, and strong; as also ↓ جَدِلٌ. (K, * TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ جِدْلٌ, A strong, firm, or compact, penis. (K, * TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or the former, (S, TA,) Any member, or limb: (S, K:) pl. جُدُولٌ. (S, TA.) b4: Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) Any complete bone, [app. with its flesh,] not broken, nor mixed with aught beside: pl. [of pauc.] أَجْدَالٌ and [of mult.] جُدُولٌ. (K, TA.) b5: Also, (K,) or [the pl.] جُدُولٌ , (Lth, TA,) The bones of the arms and legs (Lth, K, TA) of a man: (Lth, TA:) and of the fore and hind legs of the victim termed عَقِيقَة. (TA from a trad.) جِدْلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

جَدَلٌ Vehemence, or violence, in altercation or disputation or litigation; (S, K;) and ability, or power, to practise it: (K:) [or simply contention in an altercation; disputation; or litigation:] a subst. from جَادَلَهُ: (S:) or inf. n. of جَدِلَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, as a term of logic, A syllogism composed of things well known, or conceded; the object of which is to convince the opponent, and to make him to understand who fails to apprehend the premises of the demonstration. (TA.) جَدِلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

A2: Also One who contends in an altercation, disputes, or litigates, vehemently, or violently, (Msb, K,) and ably, or powerfully; and so ↓ مِجْدَلٌ and ↓ مِجْدَالٌ. (K.) جَدْلَآءُ fem. of أَجْدَلُ.

A2: Also syn., in two senses, with جَدِيلَةٌ, which see, in two places.

جَدْوَلٌ A rivulet; a streamlet; (S, Msb, K;) [whether natural, or formed artificially for irrigation; being often applied to a streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench, or gutter;] it is less than a سَاقِيَة; and this is less than a نَهْر: (Mgh in art. سَقى:) as also جِدْوَلٌ: (K:) pl. جَدَاوِلُ. (Msb.) b2: Hence, اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُهُمْ (tropical:) Their affair, or case, was, or became, in a right, a regular, or an orderly, state; like the جدول when its flow is uniform and uninterrupted. (TA.) And اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُ الحَاجِّ (assumed tropical:) The caravan of the pilgrims formed an uninterrupted line. (TA.) b3: [Hence also جَدْوَلٌ as meaning (assumed tropical:) A kind of small vein. (Golius from Ibn-Seenà.)]

b4: Hence also جَدْوَلُ كِتَابٍ (assumed tropical:) [A ruled line, (such as is ruled round a page, &c.,) and a column, and a table, of a book]. (TA.) جَدِيلٌ applied to a rope, Firmly twisted; as also ↓ مَجْدُولٌ. (TA.) b2: A camel's nose-rein (S, K) of hide, or leather, (S,) firmly twisted: (S, K:) and a cord of hide, or leather, or of [goats'] hair, [that is put] upon the neck of the camel: (K:) and the [kind of women's ornament termed] وِشَاح (S, K) is sometimes thus called: (S:) pl. جُدُلٌ. (K.) جَدَالَةٌ The ground: (S, Msb, K:) or hard ground: (TA:) or ground having fine sand. (K.) جَدِيلَةٌ A رَهْط, [q. v.,] i. e., (TA,) a thing like an إِتْب, of hide, or leather, which boys, and menstruous women, wear round the waist in the manner of an إِزَار. (K, TA.) A2: A [tribe, such as is termed] قَبِيلَة: and a region, quarter, or tract; syn. نَاحِيَةٌ: (S, K:) and so ↓ جَدْلَآءُ, in both these senses, as used in the phrase, هٰذَا عَلَى

جَدْلَائِهِ [This is according to the way of his region, and of his tribe]. (TA.) You say also, ↓ ذَهَبَ عَلَى جَدْلَائِهِ, in the K, erroneously, جَدْلَانِهِ, (TA,) i. e., على وَجْهِهِ [He went his own way], (K, TA,) and نَاحِيَتِهِ [towards his region, or quarter, or tract]. (K.) b2: A state, or condition. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct; syn. شَاكِلَةٌ, (S, K,) and طَرِيقَةٌ. (K.) You say, عَمِلَ عَلَى جَدِيلَتِهِ, i. e. [He did according to his own particular way, &c.; or] عَمِلَ عَلَى شَاكِلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا [explained above: see 1]. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A determination of the mind. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) The management, or ordering, of a people's affairs; the exercise of the office of عَرِيف. (AA, TA.) جَادِلٌ A boy becoming, or become, strong; vigorous, or robust. (S.) b2: A she-camel's young one above such as is termed رَاشِح, which is such as has become strong, and walks with his mother-(As, S.) [See also جَدَلَ.]

جَنْدَلٌ: and جُنْدَلٌ: &c.: see art. جندل.

أَجْدَلُ; fem. جَدْلَآءُ: see مَجْدُولٌ, in three places

A2: Also, [accord. to most of the grammarians أَجْدَلٌ, but accord. to some أَجْدَلُ,] The hawk; syn. صَقْرٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَجْدَلِىٌّ: (K:) or an epithet applied to the hawk [and therefore without tenween]: (TA:) pl. أَجَادِلُ. (K.) أَجْدَلِىٌّ: see what next precedes.

مِجْدَلٌ A قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] (S, K, TA [in the CK القَصِيرُ is erroneously put for القَصْرُ]) strongly constructed: (TA:) pl. مَجَادِلُ. (S, K.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مِجْدَالٌ A piece of rock or stone: [an oblong roofing-stone, of those which, placed side by side, form the roof of a subterranean passage, &c.:] pl. مَجَادِيلُ. (TA.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مَجْدُولٌ: see جَدِيلٌ. [Hence,] دِرْعٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ (tropical:) A compact coat of mail; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدْلَآءُ: (S, K:) pl. [of the latter] جُدْلٌ. (K.) b2: (tropical:) A man (K, TA) of slender make, (TA,) slender in the (bones called] قَصَب, of firm, or compact, make (مُحْكَمُ الفَتْلِ [as though firmly twisted]): (K, TA:) or slender, slim, thin, spare, lean, or light of flesh; not from emaciation: (S:) and مَجْدُولُ الخَلْقِ, as some say, of firm, or compact, make. (TA.) And مَجْدُولَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman small in the belly, and compact in flesh: (A in art. فيض:) or مَجْدُولَةُ الخَلْقِ a girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make; syn. حَسَنَةُ الجَدْلِ. (S.) Also سَاعِدٌ

↓ أَجْدَلُ (assumed tropical:) [A fore arm, or an upper arm,] of firm, or compact, make. (K, * TA.) And سَاقٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ and ↓ جَدْلَآءُ (tropical:) [A shank of beautiful compacture;] well rounded; well turned; syn. حَسَنَةُ الطَّىِّ. (K, TA.)

جمل

1 جَمَلَ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. جَمْلٌ, (TA,) He collected [a thing, or things]. (K.) [See also 4.]

b2: Also, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh,) He melted fat; (S, Mgh, K;) and so ↓ اجتمل, and ↓ اجمل: (A'Obeyd, S, K:) this last was sometimes used: (S:) the best form is جَمَلَ: (Fr, TA:) accord. to Z, ↓ اجتمل signifies he made the melted grease of fat to drip upon bread, putting it again over the fire. (TA. [See جَمِيلٌ.]) جَمَلَكَ اللّٰهُ, meaning May God melt thee like as fat is melted, is a form of imprecation mentioned in a trad., as used by a woman. (TA.) A2: جَمَلَ الجَمَلَ He put the he-camel apart from the she-camel that was fit to be covered. (TA.) A3: جَمُلَ, aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and جَمِلَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) inf. n. جَمَالٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) originally جَمَالَةٌ; (Msb;) He was, or became, beautiful, goodly, comely, or pleasing, (S, M, Mgh, K,) in person, (M, K,) and good in action, or actions, or behaviour, (M, TA,) or also in moral character: (K:) or elegant, or pretty; i. e., delicately, or minutely, beautiful: (Sb, Msb:) or characterized by much goodness, beauty, goodliness, comeliness, or pleasingness, in his mind, or in his person, or in his actions or behaviour; and also, characterized by much goodness communicated from him to others. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [See جَمَالٌ, below; and see also جَمِيلٌ.]2 جمّل, (S, K,) inf. n. تَجْمِيلٌ, (K,) He, or it, embellished, or adorned, another. (S, K.) Hence the saying, إِذَا لَمْ يُجَمِّلْكَ مَالُكَ لَمْ يُجْدِ عَلَيْكَ جَمَالُكَ [If thy wealth do not embellish thee, thy beauty of person, or of moral character, will not suffice thee]. (TA.) And you say, جَمَّلَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. as above, meaning, May God render him beautiful. (TA.) A2: He gave a camel to be eaten. (K in art. برقش.) A3: He detained an army long [on the frontier of the enemy]; (K, TA;) like جَمَّرَ [q. v.]. (TA.) 3 جاملهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُجَامَلَةٌ, (S, TA,) He coaxed him, or wheedled him, with comely behaviour or speech (بِالجَمِيلِ), not rendering him pure, or sincere, brotherly affection: (ISd, K:) or he associated with him in a good manner: (K:) or he treated him with comely behaviour. (S, TA.) One says, عَلَيْكَ بِالمُدَارَاةِ وَالمُجَامَلَةِ [Keep thou to blandishment and coaxing, &c.]. (TA.) 4 اجمل He collected a thing (Msb, K) without discrimination, or distinction, (Msb,) or from a state of separation, or dispersion. (K.) [See also 1.] And أُجْمِلَ It was collected into an aggregate. (TA.) b2: He reduced a calculation to its sum; summed it up: (S, K, TA:) and in like manner, he summed up a speech, or discourse, and then analyzed and explained it. (TA.) b3: See also 1.

A2: He made good and large [or liberal]: so in the phrase, اجمل الصَّنِيعَةَ (S, K) He made the benefit good and large [or liberal] (K) عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ [to such a one]. (S.) A3: [He acted with goodness, or was good and liberal: and he acted with moderation, or was moderate. You say,] اجمل فِى صَنِيعِهِ [He was good and liberal, or, perhaps, moderate, in his benefit]. (S.) And اجمل فِى الطَّلَبِ He was moderate, not extravagant, in demanding, or desire. (Msb, * K, TA.) It is said in a trad., أَجْمِلُوا فِى طَلَبِ الرِّزْقِ فَإِنَّ كُلًّا مُيَسَّرٌ لِمَا خُلِقَ لَهُ [Be ye moderate in demanding, or desiring, the means of subsistence, for every one is accommodated to that which is created for him]. (TA.) A4: اجمل القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, had many camels; or their camels became many. (S.) 5 تجمّل He beautified, embellished, or adorned, himself. (K.) b2: He affected what is جَمِيل [or beautiful, goodly, comely, or pleasing, in person, or in action or actions or behaviour, or in moral character, &c.]. (S.) You say, تجمّل بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا عِنْدَهُ [He affected beautiful, goodly, comely, or pleasing, qualities, more than he possessed]. (TA in art. شبع.) b3: He was, or became, patient; or restrained himself from impatience; or constrained himself to be patient: (Mgh, TA:) from جَمَالٌ meaning "patience." (Mgh.) Hence the saying, وَإِذَا تُصِبْكَ خَصَاصَةٌ فَتَجَمَّلِ And when poverty, or straitness, befalls thee, then be patient, or restrain thyself &c. (Mgh in art. خص.) A2: He ate what is termed جَمِيل, i. e., melted fat. (S, K. *) 8 اجتمل: see 1, in two places.

A2: Also He anointed himself with fat. (TA.) A3: And He ate of a camel. (K in art. برقش.) 10 استجمل He (a camel) became a جَمَل, (S, K,) i. e., such as is termed رَبَاعٍ [or one in his seventh year], (S,) or such as is termed بَازِلٌ [or one in his ninth year], or, accord. to Z, one that had covered. (TA.) جَمْلٌ: see جَمَلٌ.

جُمْلٌ: see جُمْلَةٌ and جُمَّلٌ; the latter in two places.

جَمَلٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ جَمْلٌ, (K,) which latter is so rare that it is said by some to be used only in poetry, in cases of necessity, (MF,) but it is a correct dial. var., (TA,) a word of well-known meaning; (K;) i. e., [A he-camel; but commonly applied to the camel as a generic term; in like manner as جَامِلٌ is applied to the males and the females; but properly,] the male of the إِبِل; (TA;) the mate of the نَاقَة; (Fr, S, Mgh;) among camels, corresponding to رَجُلٌ among us; (Sh, Msb;) نَاقَةٌ corresponding to مَرْأَةٌ, and بَكْرٌ to غُلَامٌ, and بَكْرَةٌ to جَارِيَةٌ; (Sh, TA;) [in general] peculiarly applied to the male; (Msb;) exceptionally to the female, as in the saying شَرِبْتُ لَبَنَ جَمَلِى, (K,) i. e., I drank the milk of my she-camel; but ISd doubts the correctness of this: (TA:) [as corresponding to رَجُلٌ among us, it signifies a full-grown hecamel:] or it signifies such as is termed رَبَاعٍ [or one in his seventh year]: (S, ISd, K:) or such as is termed جَذَعٌ [or one in his fifth year]: (ISd, K:) or such as is termed بَازِلٌ [or one in his ninth year]: (ISd, Mgh, Msb, K:) or such as is termed ثَنِىٌّ [or one in his sixth year]: (ISd, K:) or, accord. to Z, one that has covered: (TA:) [see also بَعِيرٌ, and بَكْرٌ, and قَعُودٌ:] pl. [of pauc.]

أَجْمَالٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) which may be pl. of جَمْلٌ, (TA,) and أَجْمُلٌ (Msb) and [of mult.]

جِمَالٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and جُمْلٌ (K) and جِمَالَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and [quasi-pl. n.] جُمَالَةٌ and جَمَالَةٌ and جَامِلٌ, (K,) which last is disallowed by some, as will be seen below, (TA,) and [pl. pl.] جِمَالَاتٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is pl. of جِمَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) or it may be pl. of جِمَالَةٌ, (TA,) and جُمَالَاتٌ [which see also voce جُمَّلٌ] and جَمَالَاتٌ (K) and جَمَائِلُ, (S, K,) pl. of جمالة and جِمال, (Ham p. 527,) and أَجَامِلُ. (K.) One says of camels, when they are males, without any female among them, هٰذِهِ جِمَالَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ [These are the hecamels of the sons of such a one]. (ISk, S. [See also جُمَالَةٌ.]) And they said also جِمَالَانِ [meaning Two herds of camels, thus forming a dual from the pl. جِمَالٌ], like as they said لِقَاحَانِ. (ISd, in TA voce خَيْلٌ.) It is said in a prov., مَااسْتَتَرَ مَنْ قَادَ الجَمَلَ [He does not conceal himself who leads the he-camel]. (TA.) And in another prov., اِتَّخَذَ اللَّيْلَ جَمَلًا (assumed tropical:) He journeyed all the night. (K, TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 230.]) b2: الجَمَلُ also signifies A certain fish (IAar, K) of the sea, (IAar, TA,) thirty cubits in length: (K:) or, as some say, جَمَلُ البَحْرِ is the name of a very great fish, also called the بَال, [i. e., the whale,] thirty cubits in length: accord. to some, this, (TA,) or جَمَلُ المَآءِ, (Mgh,) is what is called the كَوْسَج and كُبَع (Mgh, TA) and لُخْم, [i. e., xiphias, or sword-fish,] which passes by nothing without cutting it. (TA.) [In the present day, جَمَلُ البَحْرِ is an appellation of The pelican.] b3: عَيْنُ الجَمَلِ, in the dial. of Egypt, i. q. الشَّاه بَلُّوط [The chestnut]. (TA.) b4: جَمَلٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A woman's husband. (L in arts. اخذ and قيد. See 2 in each of those arts.) b5: Also (tropical:) Palm-trees; (K;) as being likened to the he-camel in respect of their tallness and their bigness and their produce: in some of the copies of the K, النَّحْلُ is erroneously put for النَّخْلُ. (TA.) b6: See also جُمَّلٌ.

جُمَلٌ: see جُمَّلٌ, in three places.

جُمُلٌ A company, or congregated body, of men. (ISd, K.) b2: See also جُمَّلٌ.

جُمْلَةٌ A strand of a thick rope: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ جُمْلٌ: or many strands of a rope, put together [to compose a cable: see جُمَّلٌ]. (TA, in two places in this art.) b2: Hence, app., (TA,) The aggregate of a thing; (K;) the sum, whole, or total; (KL, PS;) it implies muchness, or numerousness, and means any aggregate unseparated: (Er-Rághib, TA:) pl. جُمَلٌ. (S.) [جُمْلَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ generally means A large sum of money; and in a similar sense جُمْلَةٌ is often used in relation to various things.] It is said in the Kur [xxv. 34], وَقَالَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا لَوْ لَا نُزِّلَ عَلَيْهِ الْقُرْآنُ جُمْلَةً وَاحِدَةً, i. e., [And those who disbelieved said, Wherefore was not the Kur-án sent down, or revealed, to him] aggregated? (TA:) [or in one aggregate?] or at once? (Bd.) [Hence, بِالجُمْلَةِ as meaning Upon the whole; to sum up.]

b3: And hence, in grammar, (TA,) [A proposition; a clause; a phrase; sometimes, a sentence;] a phrase composed of a subject and an attribute, [i. e., composed of an inchoative and an enunciative, (in which case it is termed جُمْلَةٌ اسْمِيَّةٌ,) or of a verb and its agent, (in which case it is termed جُمْلَةٌ فِعْلِيَّةٌ,)] (KT, TA,) [&c.,] whether affording a complete sense, as زَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ [Zeyd is standing], or not, as إِنْ يُكْرِمْنِى [If he treat me with honour]. (KT.) جَمْلَآءُ: see جَمِيلٌ.

جَمَلُونَ A building, or structure, in the form of a camel's hump: (TA:) [a ridged roof: so in the present day: pl. جَمَالِينُ.]

جَمَالٌ inf. n. of جَمُلَ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) [when used as a simple subst., meaning] Beauty, goodliness, comeliness, or pleasingness, syn. حُسْنٌ, (S, M, Mgh, * K,) in person, (M, K,) and goodness in action, or actions, or behaviour, (M, TA,) or also, in moral character: (K:) or elegance, or prettiness; i. e., delicacy, or minuteness, of beauty: (Sb, Msb:) or much goodness, or beauty or goodliness or comeliness, in the mind, or in the person, or in the actions or behaviour; and also, much goodness that is communicated from its possessor to another: (Er-Rághib, TA:) accord. to As, [when relating to the person,] حُسْنٌ is in the eyes; and جَمَالٌ, in the nose. (TA in art. حسن.) [See also جَمِيلٌ.] One says, جَمَالَكَ أَنْ لَا تَفْعَلَ كَذَا, (ISd, K,) or أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا, (IDrd, TA,) meaning, Keep to that which is most comely for thee to do, and do not thus. (IDrd, ISd, K. [But see what follows.]) b2: Also Patience. (Mgh in art. خص.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, جَمَالَكَ أَيُّهَا القَلْبُ القَرِيحُ سَتَلْقَى مَنْ تُحِبُّ فَتَسْتَرِيحُ (S, * TA, the former of which cites only the first hemistich, and the latter substitutes الجَرِيحُ for its syn. القَرِيحُ,) meaning, [Keep thy patience, O thou wounded heart: thou wilt find whom thou lovest, and be at rest: or] keep to thy patience, or thy constraint of thyself to be patient, and thy shrinking from what is foul, and be not impatient in an evil manner. (S, TA.) جُمَالٌ: see جَمِيلٌ: A2: and جُمَالَةٌ.

جَمُولٌ A piece of fat melted. (IAar, TA.) [See also جَمِيلٌ.] b2: A fat woman. (IAar, K.) b3: A person, (K,) or woman, (M,) who melts fat. (M, K.) جَمِيلٌ Melted fat: (S, Mgh:) or melting fat: or fat that is melted and collected: (K, TA:) or fat that is melted, and, whenever it drips, made to drip upon bread, and then replaced over the fire [that it may drip again: see جَمَلَ]: (TA:) and ↓ جُمَالَةٌ, also, signifies [the same; or] melted grease. (Mgh, * TA.) [See also جَمُولٌ.]

A2: Hence, accord. to Abu-l-'Alà, because, when a man becomes fat and in good condition, his جَمَال becomes apparent, (Ham p. 155,) as also ↓ جُمَالٌ and ↓ جُمَّالٌ, (K,) or this last denotes a higher degree of beauty than جَمِيلٌ, (S, Sgh,) and has no broken pl., (TA,) and ↓ أَجْمَلُ, (TA,) Beautiful, goodly, comely, or pleasing, (S, M, Mgh, K,) in person, (M, K,) and good in action, or actions, or behaviour, (M, TA,) or also in moral character: (K:) [like the Greek καλὸς, the Latin pulcher, the French beau, &c.; and so حَسَنٌ:] or elegant, or pretty; i. e., delicately, or minutely, beautiful: (Msb:) [or characterized by much goodness, or beauty or goodliness or comeliness, in his mind, or in his person, or in his actions or behaviour; and also characterized by much goodness communicated from him to others: see جَمَالٌ:] pl. of the first جَمَالٌ: (TA:) fem. جَمِيلَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) applied to a woman; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ جَمْلَآءُ, (Ks, S, K,) [said to be] an instance of [the measure] فَعْلَآءُ having no [masc. of the measure]

أَفْعَلُ; (TA;) [but see above;] or this is applied to any female as signifying perfect, or complete, in body. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ جَمِيلٌ يُحِبُّ الجِمَالَ Verily God is comely in deeds, (TA,) or an Abundant Bestower of good things: He loveth those who are of the like character. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And you say, عَامَلَهُ بَالجَمِيلِ [He treated him with comely, or pleasing, behaviour]. (TA.) And مَاسَحَهُ بِالجَمِيل [He coaxed him, or wheedled him, with comely, or pleasing, behaviour or speech]. (ISd, K. [See 3.]) b2: أَبُو جَمِيلٍ [The kind of plants called] البَقْل; because they embellish by their presence, and render good, the seasoning of food; or because they take away the جَمِيل, i. e., the grease of the flesh-meat, and dry up the food. (Har p. 227.) جَمَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

جُمَالَةَ: see جُمَّلٌ: A2: and جَمِيلٌ.

A3: Also A herd, or distinct number, of camels; (K;) mentioned before as a pl. of جَمَلٌ [q. v.]: (TA:) or, of she-camels among which is no he-camel; as also ↓ جِمَالَةٌ and ↓ جَمَالَةٌ; (K;) but this is contradictory to a saying of ISk [respecting جِمَالَةٌ], mentioned above [voce جَمَلٌ; where all these three words are said to be pls. of جَمَلٌ]: (TA:) and also horses: pl. ↓ جُمَالٌ, which is extr. [as a pl.; though, in relation to جُمَالَةٌ, it may be a coll. gen. n., forming its n. un. with ة]. (AA, K.) جِمَالَةٌ: see what next precedes.

جَمِيلَةٌ A number of gazelles together: and of pigeons. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) جُمَالِىٌّ applied to a man, (S, Msb, K,) Large in make: (S, Msb:) or tall in body: (Msb:) or firm [in make], (K,) or big in limbs, complete in make, (TA,) like a he-camel. (K, TA.) and with ة applied to a she-camel, (S, K,) Resembling a he-camel in greatness of make: (S:) or firm (K, TA) in make, (TA,) like a he-camel (K, TA) in greatness of make and in strength. (TA.) جُمَّلٌ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ جُمَلٌ and ↓ جُمْلٌ (K) and ↓ جُمُلٌ and ↓ جَمَلٌ (IJ, K) [A cable;] the rope of a ship, (S, K,) i. e., the thick rope thereof, (TA,) that is also called قَلْسٌ, (S, TA,) consisting of [a number of] ropes put together: (S:) and ↓ جُمَالَةٌ also signifies [the same; or] a thick rope, because consisting of many strands put together; pl. جُمَالَاتٌ; (Zj, TA;) which Mujáhid explains as meaning the ropes of bridges; but I 'Ab, as the ropes of ships, put together so as to be like the waists of men [in thickness]. (TA.) In all the forms mentioned above, except the last (جمالة), the word is read in the phrase [in the Kur vii. 38], حَتَّى يَلِجَ الجُمَّلُ فِى سَمِّ الخِيَاطِ [Until the cable shall enter into the eye of the needle]: (K, TA:) I 'Ab reads الجُمَّلُ, (S, TA,) and so do 'Alee and many others: ↓ جُمْلٌ is pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of جُمْلَةٌ, a strand of a thick rope; or, accord. to IJ, pl. of جَمَلٌ [q. v.]: the first is explained by Fr as meaning ropes put together; but Aboo-Tálib thinks that he meant ↓ جُمَلٌ, without tesh-deed. (TA.) A2: حِسَابُ الجُمَّلِ, (S K,) thought by IDrd to be not Arabic, (TA,) and ↓ الجُمَلِ, (K,) but IDrd doubts its correctness, The calculation by means of the letters د ج ب ا, &c. (TA.) جَمَّالٌ An owner, or an attendant, of a camel or camels: (KL, TA: * [see also جامِلٌ:]) and جَمَّالَةٌ owners, or attendants, of camels; (S, K, TA;) similar to خَيَّالَةٌ and حَمَّارَةٌ; (S, TA;) as the former is to حَمَّارٌ. (TA.) [See an ex. of the latter in a verse cited voce إِذَا.]

جُمَّالٌ: see جَمِيلٌ.

جَامِلٌ [act. part. n. of جَمَلَ.

A2: And also part. n. of جَمُلَ]. The Arabs say, اُجْمُلْ إِنْ كُنْتَ جَامِلًا [Become beautiful, &c., if thou be becoming beautiful, &c.]: but when they mean the quality [alone], they say, إِنَّهُ لَجَمِيلٌ [Verily he is beautiful, &c.]. (Lh, TA.) A3: A man possessing a جَمَل [or he-camel]. (TA. [See also جَمَّالٌ.]) b2: A herd, or distinct number, of camels, (S, K, * TA,) males and females, (TA,) with their pastors and their owners: (S, K, TA: [also said in the K to be a pl. of جَمَلٌ: in the CK, الجامِعُ is erroneously put for الجَامِلُ:]) or a word formed to denote a pl., meaning camels, (Ham pp. 122 and 490,) males and females; (Id p. 122;) derived from جَمَلٌ; (Id. p. 490;) like بَاقِرٌ (Id. ib. and TA) from بَقَرٌ, (Ham p. 490,) and كَالِبٌ [from كَلْبٌ]. (TA.) b3: Also A great tribe. (AHeyth, K.) أَجْمَلُ [More, and most, جَمِيل, or beautiful, &c.]. (S, K.) b2: See also جَمِيلُ.

مُجْمَلٌ [pass. part. n. of 4, q. v. b2: Also, applied to a phrase or the like,] properly, Including, or implying, a number of things, many and unexplained: (Er-Rághib, TA:) as used by the lawyers, [confused, or] requiring explanation. (TA.) مُجَامِلٌ [act. part. n. of 3, q. v. b2: Also] One who is unable to answer a question put to him by another person, and therefore neglects it, and bears malice against him for some time. (TA.)

جرم

1 جَرَمَهُ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. جَرْمٌ, (S,) [like جَزَمَهُ,] He cut it, or cut it off. (S, K.) b2: جَرَمَ الشَّاةَ, (K,) or جَرَمَ صُوفَ الشَّاةِ, (S,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He shore, or sheared, or cut off the wool of, the sheep. (S, K, * TA.) And جَرَمْتُ مِنْهُ I took [or clipped somewhat] from it; [namely, the wool;] like جَلَمْتُ. (S.) b3: جَرَمَ النَّخْلَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. جَرْمٌ (K) and جَرَامٌ and جِرَامٌ, (S, * K,) He cut the palmtrees; (Msb;) [meaning] he cut off the fruit of the palm-trees; (S, K;) as also ↓ اجترمهُ: (S:) and in like manner, جَرَمَ التَّمْرَ he cut off the dates. (TA.) You say, هٰذَا زَمَنُ الجَرَامِ and الجِرَامِ, (S,) i. e. [This is] the time of the cutting off of the fruit of the palm-trees. (TA.) b4: and جَرَمَ النَّخْلَ, inf. n. جَرْمٌ, He computed by conjecture the quantity of fruit upon the palm-trees; (K;) and so ↓ اجترمهُ: (Lh, K:) [like جَزَمَهُ and اجتزمهُ.]

A2: جَرَمَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. جَرْمٌ, (TK,) also signifies He gained, acquired, or earned, [wealth, &c.,] (S, K,) لِأَهْلِهِ for his family; and so ↓ اجترم. (K.) And you say, خَرَجَ يَجْرِمُ لِأَهْلِهِ and يَجْرِمُ أَهْلَهُ, meaning He went forth seeking [sustenance], and practising skill, or artifice, for his family. (TA.) b2: وَلَا يَجْرِمَنَّكُمْ شَنَآنُ قَوْمٍ, in the Kur [v. 3 and 11], is explained by some as meaning And let not a people's hatred by any means occasion you. or cause you: or it means let not a people's hatred by any means induce you, or incite you. (S, TA.) Some read ↓ لا يُجْرِمَنَّكُمْ, with damm to the ى; and Zj says that جَرَمْتُ and أَجْرَمْتُ signify the same: but some say that the meaning is, let it not by any means lead you into crime, or sin; أَجْرَمْتُهُ being like آثَمْتُهُ, I led him into sin, &c. (TA.) b3: Fr says that the asserting جَرَمْتُ to mean حَقَقْتُ [or rather حُقِقْتُ, for this is evidently, I think, the right reading, though I find حَقَقْتُ in the TA as well as in a copy of the S, in another copy of which I find جَرَمَتْ and حَقَّقَتْ, suggesting that the right reading may perhaps be جَرَمَتْ and حُقَّتْ,] is nought: they who so explain it having been confused in their judgment by the saying of the poet Aboo-Asmà, (S, TA,) or, as some say, El-Howfazán, (TA,) or, accord. to some, 'Ateeyeh Ibn-'Ofeyf, (IB, TA,) وَلَقَدْ طَعَنْتُ أَبَا عُيَيْنَةَ طَعْنَةً

جَرَمَتْ فَزَارَةَ بَعْدَهَا أَنْ يَغْضَبُوا in which they made فزارة to be in the nom. case, as though the meaning were حُقَّ لَهَا الغَضَبُ [it was right, or fit, or proper, for it, (the tribe of Fezárah,) to be angry; nearly agreeing with an explanation of جَرَمَ given by Golius as on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof, namely, “meritus, dignus fuit ”]: but, he says, فزارة is in the accus. case; the meaning being, جَرَمَتْهُمُ الطَّعْنَةُ أَنْ يَغْضَبُوا [which will be found explained, on the authority of IB, in what follows]: AO says that the meaning is, أَحَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الغَضَبَ, i. e., أَحَقَّتِ الطَّعْنَةُ فَزَارَةَ أَنْ يَغْضَبُوا, and حَقَّت also, [both having the same signification, i. e., the thrust required Fezá-rah to be angry,] from لَا جَرَمَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا meaning حَقًّا [Verily I will do thus]: (S, TA:) accord. to Fr, the meaning is, كَسَبَتْ فَزَارَةَ الغَضَبَ عَلَيْكَ, the right reading being, وَلَقَدْ طَعَنْتَ, with fet-h to the ت; [so that the verse means And verily thou didst thrust Aboo-'Oyeyneh with a thrust of thy spear that occasioned, or caused, Fezárah, after it, to be angry against thee:] for he is addressing Kurz El-'Okeylee, bewailing his death; and Kurz had thrust Aboo-'Oyeyneh, who was Hisn Ibn-Hudheyfeh Ibn-Bedr El-Fezáree. (IB, TA.) b4: And جَرَمَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. جَرْمٌ, (Msb,) He committed a sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience; (S, Msb, K;) syn. أَذْنَبَ, (Msb, K,) and اِكْتَسَبَ الإِثْمَ; (Msb;) [perhaps because he who does so brings upon himself the consequence thereof; as though originally جَرَمَ نَفْسَهُ اولِنَفْسِهِ أَثَرَ جُرْمٍ he drew upon himself the effect of a sin, &c.; (compare كَسَبَ and اِكْتَسَبَ;)] as also ↓ اجرم, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِجْرَامٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ اجترم; (S, K;) and ↓ تجرّم. (El-'Okberee, Har p. 207.) Yousay, جَرَمَ عَلَيْهِمْ جَرِيمَةً, and إِلَيْهِمْ, (K,) and بِهِمْ, used by a poet for عليهم or اليهم, (IAar, TA,) He committed against them a crime, or an offence for which he should be punished; as also ↓ اجزم. (K.) They said also, الذَّنْبَ ↓ اجرم [He committed the sin, or crime, amp;c.]; making the verb trans. (TA.) And a poet says, وَتَرَى اللَّبِيبَ مُحَسَّدًا لَمْ يَجْتَرِمْ عِرْضَ الرِّجَالِ وَعِرْضُهُ مَشْتُومٌ

[And thou seest the intelligent envied, or much envied: he has not injured the honour of men, while his honour is reviled]. (Th, TA.) A3: جَرِمَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. جَرَمٌ, (TK,) He (a man, TA) betook himself to eating the جُرَامَة [in the CK, erroneously, جَرامَة,] of the palm-trees, (AA, K,) [i. e., the dates which had fallen in the cutting, and] which were among the branches. (AA, TA.) A4: جَرِمَ, said of a man, also signifies عَظُمَ جُرْمُهُ [His sin, or crime, &c., was, or became, great]; and so جَرُمَ, like كَرُم: [both are thus explained, in different places in this art, by the author of the TA; and the explanation in the latter case is followed by اى اذنب, i. e., he committed a six, &c.; probably added by him to show that the reading found by him was جُرْمُهُ, not جِرْمُهُ: but [think that the right reading is عَظُمَ جِرْمُهُ his body became great; and this is confirmed by what here follows:] ↓ اجرم explained in the copies of the K by عَظُمَ [in the TK عظم يعنى جرمه وجسده] should be جَرِمَ, a triliteral; and the meaning is عَظُمَ جُرْمُهُ: and in like manner, the three significations here following, assigned in the K to ↓ اجرم, belong to جَرِمَ. (TA.) A5: It (his colour) was, or became, clear. (K, * TA.) b2: He (a man, TA) was, or became, clear in his voice. (K, * TA.) A6: جَرِمَ بِهِ It (blood) stuck to him, or it: (K, * TA, and so in a marginal note in a copy of the S:) and in like manner, tar to a camel. (The same marginal note.) 2 جَرَّمَ [جرّم He cut off vehemently, or much. (Golius, on the authority of a gloss in the KL.)]

b2: جَرَّمْنَا هُمْ, inf. n. تَجْرِيمٌ, We went forth from them. (Lth, K.) b3: جَرَّمْنَا الشِّتَآءَ We completed the winter. (TA.) [See also 5.]4 اجرم التَّمْرُ The dates attained to the time for their being cut off. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in six places.5 تجرّم [It became cut off. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) It (a year, حَوْلٌ) became completed; (Az, K, TA;) as though it became cut off from the preceding year: (Az, TA:) it ended; (S;) and so the winter: (TA:) and it (a night) passed away, (S, K,) and became completed; (K;) it ended. (TA.) A2: تجرّم ثَمَانِيًا, a phrase used by Sá'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, means He passed eight nights. (TA.) [See also 2]

A3: تجرّم عَلَيْهِ He accused him of a sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, (Abu-l-'Abbás, S, K,) which he had not committed, (Abu-l-'Abbás, S,) or though he had not committed any (K.) b2: and تجرّم He guarded against the commission of sin, or crime, &c; like تأثّم. (Har p. 207.) b3: See also 1.

A4: Also He called, cried out, shouted, or vociferated; from جِرْمٌ meaning صَوْتٌ. (Har p. 207. [But see جِرْمٌ.]) 8 إِجْتَرَمَ see 1, in five places.

جَرْمٌ Hot; syn. حَرٌّ, (S,) or [rather] حَارٌّ; (K;) contr. of صَرْدٌ; (Lth, TA;) a Persian word, (S,) arabicized; (S, K;) originally گَرْم. (TA.) Yousay أَرْضٌ جَرْمٌ A warm land: (AHn, TA:) or a hot land: (IDrd, TA:) or a vehemently hot land: (K:) pl. جُرُومٌ, (AHn, TA,) which, applied to countries, or regions, means the contr. of صُرُودٌ. (S.) A2: A boat (زَوْرَقٌ) of El-Yemen; (K;) also called نَقِيرَةٌ: (TA:) pl. as above. (K.) [In the dial. of Egypt, The largest kind of Egyptian boat used on the Nile for the conveyance of grain and merchandise in general, but used only when the river is high, and also in the coastingtrade, and generally carrying from 5,000 to 15,000 bushels of grain.]

جُرْمٌ A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience, syn. ذَنْبٌ, (S, Msb, * K,) whether intentional or committed through inadvertence; (Kull voce إِثْمٌ;) as also ↓ جَرِيمَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ جَرِمَةٌ: (K:) transgression: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْرَامٌ and [of mult.] جُرُومٌ, (K,) both of جُرْمٌ: the pl. of جَرِيَمةٌ is جَرَائِمُ. (TA.) A2: See also جَرَامٌ.

A3: لَا جُرْمَ: see لَا جَرَمَ.

جِرْمٌ The body; syn. جَسَدٌ; (S, Msb, K;) or بَدَنٌ; (Th, TA;) as also ↓ جِرْمَانٌ: (K:) or the أَلْوَاحِ [pl. of لَوْح q. v.] and جُثْمَان [q. v.] of the جَسَد: (T, TA:) pl. (of pauc., TA) أجْرَامٌ, (Msb, K,) which is also used as a sing., (TA,) and (of mult., TA) جُرُومٌ and جُرُمٌ. (K.) أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ أَجْرَامَهُ is a phrase mentioned, but not explained, by Lh: ISd thinks that it means He threw upon him the weight of his body; as though the term جِرْمٌ applied to each separate part of his body. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الأَجْرَامُ الفَلَكِيَّةُ The [heavenly] bodies that are above the عَنَاصِر, of the orbs and stars. (KT.) A2: The throat, or fauces; syn. حَلْقٌ. (K.) The phrase يَضِيقُ بِهِ الجِرْمُ, used by the poet Maan Ibn-'Ows, means (assumed tropical:) It is a great, or formidable, thing, or matter: [properly,] the throat (الحَلْقُ) will not easily swallow it. (TA.) b2: The voice; (S, K;) mentioned by ISk and others; (S;) and so explained as used in the phrase إِنَّ فُلَانًا لَحَسَنُ الجِرْمِ [Verily such a one is good in respect of voice]: (TA:) or highness, or loudness, of the voice: (K, TA:) you say, مَا عَرَفْتُهُ إِلَّا بِجِرْمِهِ [I knew him not save by his voice, or his highness, or loudness, of voice]: but some disapprove this: (TA:) AHát says that the vulgar are addicted to saying, فُلَانٌ صَافِى الجِرْمِ Such a one is clear in voice, or in throat: but it is a mistake. (S, TA.) A3: Colour. (IAar, S, Msb, K.) One may say, of نَجَاسَة [or filth], لَا جِرْمَ لَهَا, meaning It has no colour. (Msb.) A4: الأَجْرَامُ (app. as pl. of جِرْمٌ, TA) The utensils, or apparatus, of the pastor. (K.) لَا جَرَمَ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and لَا ذَا جَرَمَ, (IAar, K,) ذا being here a redundant connective as in several other instances, (IAar, TA,) and لَا أَنْ ذَا جَرَمَ and لَا عَنْ ذَا جَرَمَ (K) and لَا جَرَ, (Ks, K, [in the CK لا جَرْمَ,]) in which the م is elided in consequence of frequency of usage, as the ى is in حَاشَ لِلّهِ for حَاشَى لِلّٰهِ, and the ى and ء in أَيْشَ for أَىُّ شَىْءٍ, (Ks, TA,) and لَا ذَا جَرَ (IAar, TA) and ↓ لَا جَرُمَ and ↓ لَا جُرْمَ, (K,) originally i. q. لَا بُدَّ and لَامَحَالَةٌ [There is no avoiding it; it is absolutely necessary; &c.]: then, by reason of frequency of usage, employed in the manner of an oath, as meaning حَقًّا [verily, or truly]; wherefore, as in the case of an oath, ل is prefixed to its complement, (Fr, S, Msb, K, *) so that they say, لَا جَرَمَ لَآتِيَنّكَ [Verily I will come to thee], (Fr, S, K,) and لَا جَرَمَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ كَذَا [Verily I will do thus], (S, Msb, *) and لَا جَرَمَ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا and لَا ذَا جَرَمَ and لَا ذَا جَرَ [Verily it was thus, or verily such a thing happened]: (IAar, TA:) ISd says, Kh asserts that جَرَمَ [or لَا جَرَمَ] is only a reply to something said before it; as when a man says, “They did such a thing,” and you say, لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّهُمْ سَيَنْدَمُونَ, or أَنَّهُ سَيَكُونُ كَذَا وَكَذَا; and Az says that لا in لَا جَرَمَ is said to be a [mere] connective; and the meaning [of the former of the last two phrases] is كَسَبَ لَهُمْ عَمَلُهُمُ النَّدَمَ [It (their deed) will earn for them, or occasion them, repentance; and that of the latter, it will occasion that such and such things shall happen]: and some say that جَرَمَ means وَجَبَ, and حَقَّ, and that لا is a contradiction to the words preceding it, and that a new proposition then begins; as in the Kur [xvi. 64] where it is said, لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّ لَهُمُ النَّارَ, i. e., [Nay, or] the case is not as they have said: the fire [of Hell] is their due. (TA.) لَا جَرُمَ: see the paragraph next preceding.

جِرْمَةٌ People cutting off the fruit of palmtrees. (S, K, TA.) [In this sense it is app. a pl. of pauc., or a quasi-pl. n., of جَارِمٌ, q. v.] b2: Also Ripening dates cut off from the trees: and this sense, not the former as is implied in the S, is meant by Imra-el-Keys, where he says, عَلَوْنَ بِأَنْطَاكِيَّةٍ فَوْقَ عِقْمَةٍ

كَجِرْمَةٍ نَخْلٍ أَوْ كَجَنَّةِ يَثْرِبَ [They mounted, at Antioch, upon a variegated cloth, like the ripening dates cut off from palmtrees, or like the garden of Yethrib]: he likens the variegated cloth and wool upon the هَوْدَج to red and yellow ripening dates, or to the garden of Yethrib because it abounded with palm-trees. (TA.) جَرِمَةٌ: see جُرْمٌ.

جِرْمَانٌ: see جِرْمٌ.

جَرَامٌ (erroneously said in the K to be [جُرَامٌ] like غُرَابٌ, TA) and ↓ جَرِيمٌ Dry dates: (AA, S, M, K:) mentioned by ISk among [syn.] words of the measures فَعَالٌ and فَعِيلٌ, like شَحَاحٌ and شَحِيحٌ, and بَجَالٌ and بَجِيلٌ, &c. (S.) b2: Also, both these words, (AA, S, K, *) but the former not heard in this sense by ISd, (TA,) Datestones; (AA, S, K;) and so ↓ جُرْمٌ: (mentioned in one copy of the S, but not in the TA, [probably an interpolation in the copy of the S above mentioned:]) and ↓ جَرِيمَةٌ a date-stone; as in the saying of 'Ows Ibn-Háritheh, لَا وَالَّذِى أَخْرَجَ العَذْقَ مِنَ الجَرِيمَةِ وَالنَّارَ مِنَ الوَثِيمَةِ [No, by Him who has produced the palm-tree with its fruit from the date-stone, and fire from broken stones]. (TA.) جَرِيمٌ Dates (تَمْرٌ) cut off from the tree; (S, TA;) as also ↓ مَجْرُومٌ. (TA.) And شَجَرَةٌ جَرِيمَةٌ A cut tree. (TA.) b2: See also جَرَامٌ, with which it is syn. in two senses: in the latter sense having جَرِيمَةٌ for its n un. b3: Also A thing with which date-stones are brayed, or crushed. (TA.) A2: See also مُجْرِمٌ.

A3: Also Large-bodied; (S, * K;) and so ↓ مَجْرُومٌ: (K:) pl. (of the former, S) جِرَامٌ. (S, K.) The fem. of the former is with ة: (K:) [but] one says also جِلَّةٌ جَرِيمٌ, meaning Largebodied camels advanced in age. (S.) A4: In El-Hijáz, The [measure commonly termed] مُدّ is thus called; accord. to Z, the مُدّ of the Prophet. (TA.) جُرَامَةٌ i. q. جُذَامَةٌ; (K;) i. e., (TA,) The dates that have fallen when they are cut off from the tree: (S, TA:) so says As: (TA:) [but see the latter word as explained on the authority of the S in art. جذم:] and, (K,) or as some say, (TA,) dates cut off from the tree: or what are gotten (يُجْرَمُ) thereof, after their being cut off, being picked up from the lower ends of the branches. (K, TA. [See جَرِمَ.]) And The قَصَل of wheat and barley; i. e., the extremities thereof, which are bruised, and then cleared, or picked: (K, TA:) but the term more known is جُذَامَةٌ, with ذال. (TA.) جَرِيمَةٌ The last of one's offspring: (K:) as though there were a cutting off after it. (TA.) A2: See also جَارِمٌ: A3: and see جُرْمٌ: A4: and جَرَامٌ.

جَارِمٌ Cutting off, or one who cuts off, the fruit of the palm-tree: pl. جُرَّمٌ and جُرَّامٌ. (S.) [See also جِرْمَةٌ.]

A2: جَارِمُ أَهْلِهِ (TA) and أَهْلِهِ ↓ جَرِيمَةُ (S, K *) The gainer, acquirer, or earner, [of the sustenance] of his family. (S, K, TA.) A3: See also مُجْرِمٌ, in two places.

مُجْرِمٌ A sinner; a criminal; committing, or a committer of, a sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience; as also ↓ جَرِيمٌ (K) and ↓ جَارِمٌ: (TA:) and المُجْرِمُونَ particularly signifies the unbelievers: (Zj, K:) so in the Kur vii. 38. (Zj, TA.) You say, عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ↓ هُوَ جَارِمٌ وَقَوْمِهِ, [as also مُجْرِمٌ,] He is committing a crime, or an offence for which he should be punished, against himself and his people or party. (TA.) مُجَرَّمٌ, (fem. with ة, S,) A complete year (S, K) and month; (Ibn-Háni, TA;) a year past, completed. (Az, TA.) مَجْرُومٌ: see جَرِيمٌ, in two places.

كشح

1 كَشَحَ لَحُ بِالعَدَاوَةِ; and ↓ كاشحهُ, (S, L, K,) inf. n. مُكَاشَحَةٌ and كِشَاحٌ; (L;) signify the same, (S, K,) He determined, or resolved, upon enmity to him: (L:) was inimical to him, (L, K,) and broke friendship with him: (L:) hated him and was inimical to him: bore a secret enmity to him. (L.) A2: كَشَحَ He dispersed, (S, K,) and drove away, (S,) a people. (S, K.) b2: كَشَحُوا عَنِ المَآءِ, and ↓ انكشحوا, They (a people, S) dispersed from the water: (S, K:) they went away from it, and dispersed: (TA:) they went back from it. (T.) b3: كَشَحَ He went back; retired. (A.) A3: كَشَحَهُ He pierced, or stabbed, him in the part called كَشْحٌ. (TA.) b2: كَشَحَ; (L;) and ↓ كشّح, (Kr, L,) inf. n. تَكْشِيحٌ; (K;) He cauterized, (K,) or marked with a hot iron, a camel (L) in the part called كَشْحٌ. (L, K.) b3: كُشِحَ, inf. n. كَشْحٌ, He had a pain in his كَشْحٌ. (L.) b4: Also, (inf n. as above, S,) He was cauterized for the disease called كَشَحٌ. (S, L, K.) 2 كَشَّحَ see 1.3 كَاْشَحَ see 1.7 إِنْكَشَحَ see 1.

كَشْحٌ The حَشَى [i. e. the flank; or part between the false ribs and the hip; also explained in the TA by the word خَاصِرَة]: (L:) or the part between the hypochondre and the false ribs, (S, L, K,) and from near the navel to the portion of flesh and sinew next the back-bone: (L:) the part against which the sword hangs when a man is wearing it; and the part corresponding thereto on the other side: (T:) or each of the two sides of the belly, externally and internally, [or behind and before]; and so in a horse: (M:) or the waist: [see a verse of Imra-el-Keys cited voce مُذَلَّلٌ:] or the part from the top, or projecting portion, of the haunch-bone to the armpit: (L:) pl. كُشُوحٌ. (A.) A2: طَوَى كَشْحًا He determined upon a thing, or affair, and persevered in his determination. (T.) [See an ex. voce أَبَّ.] b2: طَوَى كَشْحَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He determined, or resolved, upon the thing, or affair, in his mind, syn. أَضْمَرَهُ: (S, A, K:) and hid it, or concealed it: (S, K:) or, accord. to the L, and other lexicons, he persevered in the thing, or affair. (TA.) b3: طَوَى كَشْحَهُ He went away, and cut the ties of kindred. (L.) b4: طَوَى كَشْحَهُ عَنِّى He cut me, or cut the tie of friendship that united him to me, and broke off from me, abandoned me, or discarded me, (S, L, K,) and became inimical to me: (L:) he turned away from me. (L.) b5: كَشْحٌ Either side of a وِشَاح; from which the كشح of the body is said to have its name, because the former hangs against the latter: (L:) or a وِشَاح [altogether]; so called because it hangs against the كشح of the body; in like manner as an إِزَار is called حَقْوٌ: (A:) pl. كُشُوحٌ (TA.) A3: The kind of shells called cowries, or conchæ Veneris; syn. وَدَعٌ: pl. كُشُوحٌ: (K:) or a وِشَاح made of such shells: أَوْشِحَة were made of white shells of that kind. (Aboo-Sa'eed Es-Sukkaree.) كَشَحٌ A certain disease (which attacks a man, S, K,) in the كَشْح, (meaning the flank, خَاصِرَة, TA,) and for which he is cauterized: (S, L, K:) or the pleurisy, syn. ذَاتُ الجَنْب. (K.) كُشَاحَةٌ, a subst., A determining, or resolving, upon enmity to another: hating enmity: secret enmity: estrangement of oneself from another. (L.) كِشَاحٌ A mark made by burning with a hot iron in the part called كشح. (S, K.) كَاشِحٌ One who determines, or resolves, upon enmity (يُضْمِرُهُ) to another: (S, L, K:) a hating enemy: (L:) a secret enemy: as though he folded up enmity in his كَشْح; or as though he turned his كَشْح towards thee, and his face from thee; (ISd, L;) or because he conceals enmity in his كَشْح, in which is his liver, which is the seat of enmity and hatred; wherefore an enemy is called أَسْوَدُ الكَبِدِ, as though enmity had burned his liver: (L:) or, accord. to some, one who estranges himself from another. (Msb.) مَكْشُوحٌ A man cauterized for the disease called كَشَحٌ: (S, L, K:) a man cauterized with the mark called كِشَاحٌ, below the ribs. (L.) b2: A man smitten with a sword in his كَشْح. (K.)

كرد

1 كَرَدَ, (aor.

كَرُدَ, S, L,) inf. n. كَرْدٌ, He drove, (L, K,) drove away, and repelled, a people: (S, L:) accord. to some, he drove the enemy in a charge or assault: (L:) he drove away the enemy: (K:) he repelled them and drove them away with his sword. (L.) b2: He turned him back from his opinion. (L.) A2: He cut off [a thing.] (K.) 3 كاردهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُكَارَدَةٌ, (S,) He charged upon, or assaulted, or attacked, him, (S, K,) and repelled him, (K,) the latter doing the same. (S, K.) كَرْدٌ The neck; (S, L, K;) a Persian word, arabicized: (S, L:) or (properly, L) the base of the neck: (L, K:) or the place where the head is set upon the neck: i. q. قَرْدٌ: (L:) the back of the neck; as also ↓ كَرْدَنٌ and قَرْدَنٌ (IAar, T, L.) كُرْدٌ a pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] of which the sing. [or n. un.] is ↓ كُرْدَةٌ, the latter signifying A مَشَارَة, (O, L,) i. e. channel of water for irrigation, (TA, [but see this word, and what follows here below,]) of places, [or plots] of seed-produce: (O, L, TA:) this is what is meant in the K by the saying that الكُرْدُ signifies الدَّبْرَةُ مِنَ المَزَارِعِ, and that the n. un. is with ة: (TA:) an instance of agreement between the languages of the Arabs and the 'Ajam; or, as some assert, an Arabic word derived from المُكَارَدَةُ: (O:) or كُرْدٌ signifies a دَبْرَة, and is [originally] a Pers\. word: and the pl. is كُرُودٌ: and كُرْدَةٌ is like كُرْدٌ [in signification]: (L:) [see also دَبْرَةٌ, voce دَبْرٌ:] or كُرْدَةٌ signifies a piece of land, or of sown land, or one having a raised border; and its pl. is كُرَدٌ [app. a mistranscription for the coll. gen. n. كُرْدٌ]. (MA.) الكُرْدُ A certain nation; [the Gordiæi: (Golius:) n. un. كُرْدِىٌّ:] pl. أَكْرَادٌ: (S, L, K:) respecting their origin authors differ: it is said that their ancestor was Kurd the son of 'Amr Muzeykiyà the son of 'Ámir Má-es-Semà, not 'Ámir the son of Má-es-Semà, as in the K, for Má-es-Semà was a surname of 'Ámir: (TA:) or they are the remains of the people whom Beewarásf, also called Ed-Dahhák, used to eat: (IKt, MF, TA:) or their ancestor was Kurd the son of Ken'án (or Canaan) the son of Koosh (or Cush) the son of Hám (or Ham) the son of Nooh (or Noah): they consist of countless tribes, differing in language and condition, but all are reduced to four principal tribes, the سوران and the كوران and the كُلهر and the لُر: (Mohammad Efendee El-Kurdee:) or their ancestor was Kurd the son of 'Amr the son of 'Ámir the son of Saasa'ah: (Abu-l-Yakdhán:) El-Mes'oodee says, that some assert them to be of the descendants of Rabee'ah the son of Nizár: others, that they are of the descendants of Mudar the son of Nizár: others, that they are descended from Kurd the son of Ken'án the son of Koosh the son of Hám: and he adds, that they are apparently of the offspring of Hám, like the Persians: that among the known tribes of which they consist are the سورانيّة, the كورانية, the عمادية, the حكارية, the محمودية, the بختية, the بشوية, the جوبية, the زرزائية, the مهرانية, the جاودانية, the رضائية, the سروجية, the هارونية, and the لرية: and that their countries are Persia, and 'Irák el-'Ajam, and Ádharbeeján, and Irbil, and El-Mósil. (Mo-hammad Efendee El-Kurdee.) [Many other assertions as to the origin of this people are made by other authors.]

كَرْدَنٌ: see كَرْدٌ.

كُرْدَةٌ: see كُرْدٌ.

كُرْدِيَّةٌ an appellation of certain dogs [app. belonging to the كُرْد]. (M voce تَدْمُرِيَّةٌ.) كِرْدِيَّةٌ: see كِرْدِيدَةٌ.

كِرْدِيدَةٌ A large portion of dates. (L, K.) b2: Also, The [kind of basket of palm-leaves called]

جلَّةٌ in which dates are put: (Seer, L, K:) or the dates remaining upon the sides in the lower part of the جُلَّة: (S, L, K:) as also ↓ كِرْدِيَّةٌ: (K:) pl. كَرَادِيدُ (S, L, K) and كِرَادٌ. (K.) مَكْرُودٌ A mustache cut off. (K.)

كثر

1 كَثُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. كَثْرَةٌ (Msb, TA) and كِثْرَةٌ, or this is erroneous, (Msb,) [and perhaps كُثْرَةٌ, and كُثْرٌ, or these are simple substs., (see كَثْرَةٌ, below,)] and كَثَارَةٌ, (TA,) It was, or became, much, copious, abundant, many, numerous, great in number or quantity; it multiplied; it accumulated. (S, K, TA.) كَثُرُوا عَلَيْهِ فَغَلَبُوهُ [They multiplied against him and overcame him.] (TA in art. غرق). [كَثُرَ مِنْهُ كَذَا Such a thing proceeded from him, or was done by him, much, or often.] See also 4.

A2: كَاثَرُوهُمْ فَكَثَرُوهُمْ: see 3.2 كَثَّرَ see 4.3 كَاثَرُوهُمْ فَكَثَرُوهُمْ, (S, K,) inf. n. of the former, مُكَاثَرَةٌ, (S,) [and aor. of the latter, accord. to analogy, كَثُرَ,] They contended with them for superiority in number, and overcame them therein, (S, K, TA,) or surpassed, or exceeded, them in number. (TA.) A2: See also 10.4 اكثرهُ He made it much, abundant, many, or numerous, he multiplied it; as also ↓ كثّرهُ, (Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. تَكْثِيرٌ. (K.) b2: أَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ and مِنْهُ ↓ استكثرتُ signify the same; (S, Msb;) i. e., أَكْثَرْتُ فِعْلَهُ [I did the thing much; lit., I made the doing of it much]: or أَكْثَرْتُ مِنَ الأَكْلِ وَنَحْوِهِ [I ate, and the like, much] presents an instance of pleonasm, [being for أَكْثَرْتُ الأَكْلَ وَنَحْوَهُ,] accord. to the opinion of the Koofees: or it is an instance of explication [of the vague signification of the verb], accord. to the opinion of the Basrees; the objective complement being suppressed, and the complete phrase being أَكْثَرْتُ الفِعْلَ مِنَ الأَكْلِ: and so in the like cases. (Msb.) [You say also أَكْثَرَ فِى الكَلَامِ He spoke, or talked, much; was profuse, or immoderate, in speech, or talk. and in like manner, فِى الأَمْرِ ↓ كَثُرَ He did, acted, or occupied himself, much in the affair.] b3: اكثر [as an intrans. v.] signifies أَتَى بِكَثِيرٍ [He brought, or he did, or he said, much]. (K.) b4: Also, [He became rich; he abounded in property;] his property became much, or abundant. (S, Msb, K.) A2: اكثر It (a palm-tree) produced, or put forth, its طَلْع [or spadix], (S, K,) i. e., its كَثَر, whence the verb. (TA.) A3: [مَا أَكْثَرَ مَالَهُ How abundant is his wealth! or how numerous are his cattle!]5 تكثّر [He endeavoured to acquire much, or abundance, of a thing]. You say تكثّر مِنَ العِلْمِ لِيَحْفَظَ [He endeavoured to acquire much knowledge, in order that he might preserve it in his memory]. And تَكثّر مِنْهُ لِيَفْهَمَ [He endeavoured to acquire much thereof in order that he might understand]. (A.) See also 10. b2: He made a vain, or false, boast of abundance, or riches; or a boast of more than he possessed; and invested himself with that which did not belong to him. (TA, voce تَشَبَّعَ, which signifies the same.) You say تكثّر بِمَا لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ He made a boast of abundance, or riches, which he did not possess; syn. تَشَبَّعَ. (Msb, art. شبع.) And فُلَانٌ يَتَكَثَّرُ بِمَالِ غَيْرِهِ [Such a one makes a vain or false show of abundance or riches with the wealth or property of another]. (S.) 6 تَكَاْثَرَ i. q. 3 [but relating to more than two]. (S.) [You say تَكَاتَرُوا They contended, one with another, for superiority in number.] التَّكَاثُرُ in the Kur, ci. 1, signifies The contending together for superiority in [the amount or number of] property and children and men. (Jel.) A2: تَكَاثَرَتْ أَمْوَالُهُ [His riches multiplied by degrees]. (A.) b2: تكاثر عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ فَقَهَرُوهُ [The people multiplied by degrees against him, and overcame him, or subdued him]. (TA.) 10 استكثر مِنَ الشَّىْءِ He desired, or wished for, much of the thing. (K.) You say استكثر مِنَ المَالِ [He desired, or wished for, much of the property]. (A.) b2: استكثرهُ المَآءِ, and المَآءَ ↓ كاثرهُ, He desired of him for himself much of the water that he might drink of it: (K:) and so if the water were little. (TA.) b3: استكثر مِنَ الشّىُءِ also signifies i. q. أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُ, q. v. (S, Msb.) b4: Also استكثرهُ He reckoned it much, abundant, or many. (Msb.) You say هُوَ يَسْتَكْثِرُ الفَلِيلَ [He reckons little, or few, much, abundant, or many]. (A.) Q. Q. 2 تَكَوْثَرَ It (dust) was, or became, much, or abundant. (S.) See كُوْثَرٌ.

كَثْرٌ: see كَثِيرٌ.

A2: See also كَثَرٌ.

كُثْرٌ: see كَثْرَةٌ.

A2: The greater, or greatest, or main, part, of a thing; the most thereof. (K.) كِثْرٌ: see كَثْرَةٌ.

كَثَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ كَثْرٌ (Msb, K) The heart, or pith, (syn. جُمَّارٌ, S, Msb, K, and شَحْمٌ, and جَذَبٌ, TA,) of a palm-tree: (S, Msb, K:) of the dial. of the Ansár: (TA:) or its spadix; syn. طَلْعٌ. (S, Msb, K.) كَثْرَةٌ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ كِثْرَةٌ, (K,) or the latter should not be used, for it is a bad dial. form, (S,) or it is correct when coupled with قِلَّةٌ, for the sake of assimilation, (TA,) and ↓ كُثْرَةٌ, though the first is the best known, (Ibn-'Allán, in his Sharh el-Iktiráh,) or the last is not allowable, (TA,) and ↓ كُثْرٌ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ كِثْرٌ, (S,) Muchness; much, as a subst.; copiousness; abundance; a large quantity; numerousness; multiplicity; multitudinousness; a multitude; a plurality; a large number; numbers; and frequency: contr. of قِلَّةٌ. (S, A, K.) [See also كَثُرَ.] You say ↓ مَا لَهُ قُلٌّ وَلَا كُثْرٌ He has not little nor much of property. (S.) and ↓ الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ عَلَى القُلٌّ وَالكُثْرِ, (S, A,) and ↓ عَلَى القِلِّ وَالكِثْرِ, (S,) Praise be to God for little and much. (S, * A.) [↓ كُثْرٌ is explained in the S by كَثِيرٌ, and so in one place in the TA; but it is a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates.] b2: كَثْرَةٌ is also used to signify Richness, or wealthiness; syn. سَعَةٌ. (Mgh.) كُثْرَةٌ: see كَثْرَةُ.

كِثْرَةٌ: see كَثْرَةُ.

كُثَارٌ: see كَثِيرٌ.

A2: Also, and ↓ كِثَارٌ, Companies, or troops, or the like, (K, TA,) of men or animals only. (TA.) You say فِى الدَّارِ كُثَارٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ, and كِثَارٌ, In the house are companies of men. (TA.) كِثَارٌ: see كُثَارٌ.

كَثِيرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ كُثَارٌ (S, K) and ↓ كَاثِرٌ and ↓ كَثْرٌ and ↓ كَيْثَرٌ and ↓ كُوْثَرٌ (K) Much; copious; abundant; many; numerous; multitudinous. (S, A, Msb, K.) You say خَيْرٌ كَثِيرٌ, and ↓ كَيْثَرٌ, Much, or abundant, good. (A.) And قَوْمٌ كَثِيرٌ A numerous party, or people: and هُمْ كَثِيرُونَ They are many. (S.) And رِجَالٌ كَثِيرٌ, and كَثِيرَةٌ, Many men: and نِسَآءٌ كَثِيرٌ, and كَثِيرَةٌ, Many women. (Yoo, ISh, Msb.) And ↓ عَدَدٌ كَاثِرٌ, (S, Msb,) and, as some say, ↓ كَوْثَرٌ, (Msb,) and كَثِيرٌ, (K in art. بول, &c.) A large number. (S, Msb.) And ↓ غُبَارٌ كُوْثَرٌ Much dust: (S:) or much confused dust (K, TA) rising and diffusing itself: of the dial. of Hudheyl. (TA.) b2: [A large quantity, or number, مِنْ مَالٍ وَغَيْرِهِ of property, or cattle, &c.] b3: كَثِيرًا, as an adv., Much; often. (The lexicons passim.) b4: رَجُلٌ كثيرٌ [in the TA كثر: probably the right reading is ↓ كَيْثَرٌ, q. v.:] A man whose ancestors are many, and whose high deeds are various. (L.) b5: See also مُطَّرِدٌ.

كَثِيرَةٌ, with ة, [as a subst., signifying Much,] is used only in negative phrases; like [its contr.]

قَلِيلَةٌ, q. v. (Az, in TA, art. قل.) كَاثِرٌ: see كَثِيرٌ, in two places.

كُوْثَرٌ: see كَثِيرٌ, in three places.

A2: A lord, or master, (S, K,) abounding in good: (S:) a man possessing good, or much good, and who gives much or often; as also ↓ كَيْثَرٌ. (K, TA.) A3: A river. (Kr, K.) b2: And الكَوْثَرُ A certain river in paradise, (S, Msb, K,) from which flow all the [other] rivers thereof, (K,) pertaining specially to the Prophet, described as being whiter than milk and sweeter than honey and as having its margin composed of pavilions of hollowed pearls. (TA.) كَيْثَرٌ: see كَثِيرٌ, in two places: and كُوْثَرٌ.

أَكْثَرُ More, and most, in quantity, and in number. (The lexicons passim.) أَكْثَزِىٌّ Having relation to the greater number of things or cases.]

مُكْثِرٌ A man possessing wealth: (K:) or possessing much wealth. (A, TA.) مَكْثَرَةٌ A cause of rendering abundant, or multiplying; syn. مَثْرَاةٌ, q. v. (S, K in art. ثرو.) مِكْثَارٌ (A, K, TA) and ↓ مِكْثِيرٌ, (K, TA,) applied to a man, and to a woman, (A, TA,) Loquacious; talkative; a great talker; (K, TA;) a great babbler. (A.) مَكْثُورٌ Overcome in number: (S, * A:) one against whom people have multiplied by degrees (ثَكَاثَرُوا عَلَيْهِ) so that they have overcome or subdued him. (TA.) b2: مَكْثُورٌ عَلَيْهِ [A place thronged]. b3: فُلَانٌ مَكْثُورٌ عَلَيْهِ Such a one has spent what he had, and claims upon him have become numerous: (S:) or such a one has many seekers of his beneficence. (A.) See also مَشْفُوفٌ.

مِكْثِيرٌ: see مِكْثَارٌ.