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Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane (d. 1876) المعجم العربي الإنجليزي لإدوارد وليام لين

Search results for: عَلَقَ

هت

هت

1 هَتَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. هَتِيتٌ, He (a بَكْر, or young camel,) uttered a sound resembling a squeezing of the voice (شبه العصر للصوت): you say, of a بكر, observes Az, يَهِتُّ, inf. n. as above; then, يَكِشُّ, inf. n. كَشِيشٌ then يَهْدِرُ, inf. n. هَدِيرٌ. (L.) b2: هَتَّ الهَمْزَةَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He uttered the letter hemzeh. (L.) [See مَهْتُوتٌ.] b3: هت, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He uttered, recited, or repeated, a speech or the like, with uninterrupted fluency; syn. سَرَدَ (S, L, K) and تَابَعَ. (L.) b4: [Hence] هَتَّتْ غَزْلَهَا, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, She spun her thread one part immediately after another: (TA:) she spun her thread continuously: (Az:) هَتٌّ signifies a woman's spinning thread continuously. (K.) A2: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ; and ↓ هَتْهَتَ, inf. n. هَتْهَتَةٌ; He broke a thing, (K,) so that it became reduced to small fragments, or particles: (TA:) he stamped upon a thing vehemently, so that he broke it. (TA.) b2: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He rent clothes. (IAar, K.) b3: Also, (assumed tropical:) He rent the reputation of another. (IAar, K.) A3: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He removed the leaves of a tree [by rubbing or scraping the branches]; syn. حَتَّ; (K [in the CK, هَتّ, is put for حتّ;]) i. e. he took them. (TA.) A4: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He poured out, or forth, [water, &c.] (K.) b2: هَتَّ المَزَادَةَ He poured out, or forth, [the contents of] the مزادة. (TA.) b3: هَتَّ شَيْئًا He poured out, or forth, one part or portion of a thing immediately after another. (TA.) b4: السَّحَابَةُ تَحُتُّ المَطَرَ The cloud pours forth the rain continuously. (TA.) A5: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, he lowered (حَطَّ) a person with respect to rank, or dignity, in [the manner of] paying honour [to him]. (IAar, K.) [Comp. هبت.] R. Q. 1 هَتْهَتَ He urged a camel (زَجَرَهُ) on the occasion of drinking, by the cry هَتْ هَتْ. (AHeyth, K.) See هَتْ, below. b2: هَتْهَتَ, inf. n. هَتْهَتَةٌ; as also تَهْتَهَ; He twisted, or distorted, his tongue in speaking. (Az.) b3: Also هتهت; (and ↓ هَتَّ, TA, [aor. ـِ He was quick, or rapid, in his speech. (K.) b4: See هَتَّ.

هَتْ, (TA,) or هَتْ هَتْ, (K,) A cry by which a camel is urged (يُزْجَرُ) on the occasion of drinking. (K.) b2: إِذَا وَقَّفْتَ البَعِيرَ عَلَى الرَّدْهَةِ فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُ هَتْ; or, as some say, فَلَا تُهَتْهِتْ بِهِ; [When thou hast made the camel to stand over the hollow in the rock in which the rain-water has collected, say not to him هَتْ]. A proverb; meaning, accord. to AHeyth, when thou hast shewn a man his right course of conduct, do not urge him. (TA.) b3: هَتُّ قَوَائِمِ البَعِيرِ The sound of the falling of the camel's feet [upon the ground]. (L.) A2: تَرَكَهُمْ هَتًّا بَتًّا [He left them routed, or broken asunder, and cut off;] he broke them asunder: or he cut them in pieces. (L.) هَتِيتٌ A sound. Occurring in a trad. as signifying a sound made by wine poured out upon the ground. (L.) A2: هَتِيتٌ and ↓ مَهْتُوتٌ A thing broken so as to be reduced to small fragments, or particles: stamped upon vehemently, so as to be broken. (TA.) هَتَّاتٌ: see مِهَتٌّ.

رَجُلٌ مِهَتٌّ, and ↓ هَتَّاتٌ, A man quick and voluble in speech; (S, K;) incorrectly, and vainly, or frivolously, loquacious; a great babbler. (TA.) مَهْتُوتٌ: see هَتِيتٌ. b2: الهَمْزَةُ صَوْتٌ مَهْتُوتٌ فِى

أَقْصَى الحَلْقِ [Hemzeh is a sound uttered (after a suppression of the breath) in the most remote part of the throat]. (Kh, L.) Sb applied the term المَهْتُوتُ to the letter ه, because of its weakness and lowness. (L.) b3: أَسْرَعُ مِنَ المُهَتْهِتَةِ Quicker than the quick-speaking woman. (IAar.)

فرقع

فرقع

Q. 1 فَرْقَعَ الأَصَابِعَ i. q. نَقَّضَهَا, (S, * O, * K, [in copies of the K written نَقَضَهَا, but correctly with teshdeed, as is shown by what here follows,]) inf. n. فَرْقَعَةٌ i. q. تَنْقِيضٌ (S, O) and تَفْقِيعٌ, (TA,) [He cracked the joints of his fingers;] i. e. he pressed his fingers so that a sound was heard to proceed from their joints: (TA:) the doing of which is forbidden, (O, TA,) in prayer. (TA. [See also 2 in art. فقع.]) And one says, سَمِعْتُ فَرْقَعَةً لِرَجُلٍ and صَرْقَعَةً [I heard a cracking of the joints of the fingers of a man]: both signify the same. (TA.) b2: And فَرْقَعَةُ He twisted his (a man's, K) neck. (O, K.) A2: فَرْقَعَ [as an intrans. v.], (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He ran vehemently, (O, K, TA,) going back, or retreating: so in the Tekmileh. (TA.) b2: and فِرْقَاعٌ (as an inf. n. of which the verb is فَرْقَعَ, TK) signifies The emitting of wind from the anus with a sound: (O, K:) mentioned by IDrd as from some one or more of the Arabs. (O.) b3: See also فَرْقَعَةٌ in what next follows.Q. 2 تَفَرْقَعَتْ الأَصَابِعُ The fingers produced a sound or sounds [by their joints' being cracked]; (O;) quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses expl. above; (S, K;) as also ↓ اِفْرَنْقَعَت, (K, TA,) inf. n. اِفْرِنْقَاعُ and [quasi-inf. n., being app. the inf. n. in this case of فُرْقِعَت,] ↓ فَرْقَعَةٌ, (TA,) [and this is app. what is meant by its being said that] ↓ الاِفْرِنْقَاعُ is [syn. with] الفَرْقَعَةُ. (K.) b2: Accord. to IDrd, تَفَرْقُعٌ signifies The sounding of two things striking against each other. (O.) b3: And تفرقع الرَّجُلُ The man drew himself together, or shrank; like تَقَرْعَفَ [which is mentioned in the K in the same sense, as also تَقَرْفَعَ]. (L, TA.) Q. 3 إِفْرَنْقَعَ see Q. 2, in two places. b2: الاِفْرِنْقَاعُ also signifies The withdrawing, or removing, and going away, from a thing (عَنْ شَىْءٍ); (K;) and the dispersing of itself, or becoming dispersed. (IAth, TA.) اِفْرَنْقِعُوا عَنِّى, a phrase used by 'Eesà Ibn-'Omar, (S, O,) to people who had congregated about him on an occasion of his having fallen from his ass, (O,) means Withdraw ye, or remove, (S,) or disperse yourselves, (O,) from me, (S,) and go away. (S, O.) And 'Eesà Ibn-'Omar is related to have read, [in the Kur xxxiv. 22,] حَتَّى

إِذَا افْرَنْقَعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ; meaning, كُشِفَ; [الفَزَعُ, or the like, being understood;] but the common reading is فُزِّعَ, q. v. (TA.) الفُرْقَعَةَ The اِسْت [here app. meaning anus (see 1)]; (Lth, IAar, K;) of the dial. of ElYemen: (O:) also called القُرْفُعَةُ. (TA.)

رم

رم

1 رَمَّهُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and يَرِمُّ (S, Msb, K,) the latter [irreg. as aor. of a trans. v. of this class, and] said by MF to be unknown, but there are other instances of the same kind, as هَرَّهُ, aor. ـُ and يَهِرُّ and عَلَّهُ, aor. ـُ and يَعِلُّ, (TA,) inf. n. رَمٌّ (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and مَرَمَّةٌ, (Lth, T, S, Mgh, K,) He repaired it; or put it into a good, sound, right, or proper, state; (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) after a part thereof had become in a bad state; (Lth, T;) namely, a thing, (Lth, T, S,) as, for instance, a rope becoming old and worn-out, or a house, (Lth, T,) or a building, (Mgh,) or a wall, &c.; (Msb;) as also رَمَّ شَأْنَهُ, (S,) or شَأْنَهَا referring to a house (دَار): (Lth, T:) and in like manner, he rectified it, namely, an affair, after it had become disorganized, or disordered: (Lth, T:) and ↓ رمّم signifies the same in an intensive sense; [i. e. he repaired it, &c., much, or well:] (Msb:) and ↓ رَمْرَمَ he repaired, or rectified, his affair, case, state, or condition. (TA.) The saying, كُنَّا أَهْلَ ثَمِّهِ وَرَمِّهِ, (T, S,) occurring in a trad., (S,) accord. to the relaters thereof ↓ ثُمِّهِ وَرُمِّهِ, but A'Obeyd holds the former reading to be the right, (T, S,) means, accord. to AA, We were the fit persons to put it into a good, sound, right, or proper, state: (T:) or, accord. to A'Obeyd, to put it into such a state, and to eat it. (T, S. [See another explanation of the verb in what follows.]) b2: You say also, رَمَّ سَهْمَهُ, meaning (tropical:) [He made his arrow even, or straight, by means of his eye; or] he looked at his arrow until he made it even, or straight. (TA.) A2: رَمٌّ also signifies The act of eating; and so ↓ اِرْتِمَامٌ. (ISh, T.) You say, رَمَّهُ, (T, S, K,) aor. ـُ (T, S,) inf. n. رَمٌّ, (TA,) He ate it. (T, S, K.) And it is said in a trad., عَلَيْكُمْ بِأَلْبَانِ البَقَرِ فَإِنَّهَا تَرُمُّ مِنْ كُلِّ الشَّجَرِ [Keep ye to the milk of cows, for they eat of all the tress]; (T, S, * TA;) i. e. تَأْكُلُ: or, accord. to one reading, it is ↓ تَرْتَمُّ. (TA.) رَمَّتِ الشَّاةُ الحَشِيشَ aor. ـُ inf. n. رَمٌّ, means The sheep, or goat, took the dry herbage, or fodder, with its lips. (M.) And رَمَّتِ الشَّاةُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ, and ↓ ارتمّت, The sheep, or goat, ate from the land. (S.) And رَمَّتِ البَهْمَةُ, (M,) or البَهِيمَةُ, (K,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ ارتمّت; i. e. [The lamb, or kid, or the beast, or quadruped,] reached and took the branches (M, K) with its mouth. (K.) And كُلَّ رُمَامٍ ↓ هُوَ يَتَرَمَّمُ He eats every [kind of] رُمَام [q. v.]. (T.) and العَظْمَ ↓ ترمّم He ate off the flesh from the bone; syn. تَعَرَّقَهُ: or he left the bone like the رِمَّة [q. v.]: in [some of] the copies of the K, تَرَمَّمَ is erroneously explained by تَعَزَّقَ; [in my MS. copy, by تَعَرَّفَ; and in the CK, by تَفَرَّقَ;] the right reading being تَعَرَّقَ, as in the A. (TA.) and it is said in a trad., respecting the she-cat, وَلَا مِنْ خَشَاشِ الأَرْضِ ↓ أَرْسَلْتُهَا تُرَمْرِمُ, meaning [and I did not send her] for her to eat [of the creeping things of the earth]. (TA.) A3: رَمَّ العَظْمُ, aor. ـِ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَمٌّ (T, M,) or رِمَّةٌ, (S,) or both, (K, TA, [the former written in the CK رِمّ]) and رَمِيمٌ; (M, K;) and ↓ ارمّ; (M, K; [but see what follows;]) The bone became such as is termed رمَّة; (M, TA;) [i. e.,] became old and decayed; (MA, KL;) syn. بَلِىَ. (T, S, Mgh, Msb, K.) Accord. to IAar, one says, رَمَّتْ عِظَامُهُ, and ↓ أَرَمَّتْ, meaning His bones became old and decayed; syn. بَلِيَتْ: but others explain العَظْمُ ↓ ارمّ differently, as below: see 4. (T.) In the saying, mentioned in a trad., يَا

↓ رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ كَيْفَ تُعْرْضُ صَلَاتُنَا عَلَيْكَ وَقَدْ أَرَمْتَ, meaning بَلِيتَ [i. e. O Apostle of God, how shall our blessing be offered, or addressed, to thee when thou shalt have become decayed in the grave?], the last word is originally أَرْمَمْتَ; one of the two م s being rejected; like as is done in أَحَسْتَ, for أَحْسَسْتَ: (IAth, K, * TA: [in the CK, تَعْرَضُ is put in the place of تُعْرَضُ:]) accord. to one relation, it is أَرَمَّتَ; accord. to another, رَمَمْتَ; and accord. to another, أُرِمْتَ: but the first is the proper manner of relation. (TA.) And رَمَّ الحَبْلُ The rope became [old and worn out or rotten, (see رُمَّةٌ,) or] ragged, or dissundered. (M.) 2 رَمَّّ see 1, first sentence.4 ارمّ, said of a bone, It had in it, or contained, رِمّ, i. e. marrow, (T, S, K,) running therein. (S.) One says of a sheep or goat (S, M) that is lean, or emaciated, (S,) and of a she-camel, (M,) مَا يُرِمُّ مِنْهَا مَضْرِبٌ, (S, M,) meaning Not a bone of her that is broken and from which the marrow is [sought to be] extracted [contains any marrow]: (M:) i. e., if any of her bones be broken, no marrow will be found in it. (S.) And ارمّت is said of a she-camel in the first stage of fatness when becoming in good condition of body, and in the last stage thereof when becoming lean; (M, TA;) meaning She had in her somewhat of marrow. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in the latter part of the paragraph, in four places.

A2: Also, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. إِرْمَامٌ, (T,) He (a man, T) was, or became, silent; (T, M, K;) in a general sense; or, as some say, from fear, or fright: (M:) [and in like manner a bird: see its part. n. مُرِمٌّ:] or they (a company of men) were, or became, silent. (S.) [See also R. Q. 2.]

A3: ارمّ

إِلَى اللَّهْو He inclined to diversion, sport, or play. (IAar, M, K.) b2: And ارمّ لِكَذَا He was cheered, or delighted, and pleased, or was diverted, by reason of such a thing; like أَرَنَّ لَهُ. (T in art. رن.) 5 ترمّمهُ He proceeded gradually, by degrees, step by step, or time after time, with the repairing of it; or with the putting it into a good, sound, right, or proper, state. (TA.) A2: See also 1, near the middle of the paragraph, in two places.8 إِرْتَمَ3َ see 1, in the middle portion of the paragraph, in four places. b2: ارتمّ is also said of a young camel as meaning He began to be in that state in which one could feel his hump. (K.) 10 استرمّ It (a wall, S, MA, Mgh, K, or a building, KL) needed, or required, its being repaired; (M, MA, K, KL; expl. in the M and K by دَعَا إِلَى إِصْلَاحِهِ;) having become old: (MA:) or attained to the time in which it should be repaired; (S, Mgh;) a long period having elapsed since it was plastered with mud. (S.) R. Q. 1 رَمْرَمَ: see 1, in two places. R. Q. 2 تَرَمْرَمَ He moved his lips, (T,) or his mouth, (S,) to speak: (T, S:) or تَرَمْرَمُوا they put themselves in motion to speak, but spake not: (M, K:) but it is said to be mostly used in negative phrases. (TA.) One says, مَا تَرَمْرَمَ فُلَانٌ بِحَرْفٍ Such a one uttered not [a letter, or a word]: (T, TA:) or put not himself in motion [therewith]. (IDrd, TA.) And كَلَّمَهُ فَمَا تَرَمْرَمَ [He spoke to him and] he returned not a reply. (M, TA.) رَمٌّ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (Lth, T, S, &c.) b2: One says, مَالِى مِنْهُ حَمٌّ وَلَا رَمٌّ There is not for me any avoiding it, or escaping it: (S:) or مَا لَهُ عَنْ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ حَمٌّ وَلَا رَمٌّ (T, TA) There is not for him any avoiding, or escaping, that thing, or affair: (TA:) and some say ↓ حُمٌّ وَلَا رُمٌّ: (S:) so says Lth: (T:) [accord. to ISd,] in the saying ↓ مَا عَنْ ذٰلِكَ حُمٌّ وَلَا رُمٌّ, meaning There is no avoiding, or escaping, that, رُمٌّ is an imitative sequent; (M;) and so says Lth. (T. [But see the next paragraph.]) b3: See also another signification assigned to رَمٌّ in the last sentence but one of the next paragraph. b4: [And see the last sentence also of that paragraph.]

رُمٌّ: see 1, second sentence: b2: and see also the paragraph next preceding this, in two places. b3: Also i. q. بَيْتٍ ↓ مَرَمَّةُ, (ISk, T, S, M,) i. e. Household-goods; or the utensils and furniture of a house or tent. (M. [This explanation, from the M, I have found, in the TT, since I composed art. ثم; in which I have said that, accord. to analogy, مَرَمَّةُ البَيْتِ app. signifies the means by which a house, or tent, is put into a good state; and therefore good furniture and utensils.]) So in the saying, مَا لَهُ ثُمٌّ وَلَا رُمٌّ, (ISk, T, S, M,) and مَا يَمْلِكُ ثُمًّا وَلَا رُمًّا, (ISk, T, S,) i. e. He has not, and he possesses not, such household-goods as water-skins, or milk-skins, and vessels, (ISk, T, M,) nor any of the utensils and furniture of the house or tent. (ISk, * T, * M.) This explanation is better than the saying of Lth [that رُمٌّ is an imitative sequent: see the next preceding paragraph]. (T.) One says also, مَا لَهُ حُمٌّ وَلَا رُمٌّ, meaning He has not anything: (S:) or he has neither little nor much. (TA voce حَمٌّ [q. v.]) [See also ثُمٌّ.] b4: Also i. q. هَمٌّ [as meaning An object, or a thing intended or meant or determined upon or desired, in the mind: and perhaps also anxiety; or disquietude, or trouble, of mind]. (M, K. [This signification, هَمٌّ, Freytag has assigned to رَمٌّ, not to رُمٌّ; rendering it “ cura, sollicitudo; ” as from the K; in which the word bearing it is expressly said to be “ with damm. ”]) So in the saying, مَا لَهُ رُمٌّ غَيْرُ كَذَا [He has not any object in his mind except such a thing]. (M.) And so in the saying, مَا لَهُ حُمٌّ وَلَا رُمٌّ غَيْرُكَ and ↓ حَمٌّ وَلَا رَمٌّ [He has not any object in his mind except thee]. (TA in art. حم.) A2: Also A company of men: occurring in a trad. applied to a company of [the people called] أَكْرَاد, abiding [in a place] like a حَى [or tribe] of the Arabs of the desert: [perhaps correctly رَمٌّ, from the Pers\. رَمْ:] said by Aboo-Moosà to be app. a Pers\. word. (TA.) رِمٌّ The herbage and other things that are upon the land: whence the current saying, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِالطِّمِّ وَالرِّمِّ, meaning Such a one brought everything of what is on the land and in the sea: [or, of what is in the sea and on the land; for] الطِّمُّ means “ the sea; ” and is originally الطّمُّ, but is pronounced [in this case] الطِّمّ to assimilate it to الرِّمّ. (T.) [Or] i. q. ثَرًى [app. as meaning Good of any kind; and particularly wealth; as appears from what immediately follows]: one says, جَآءَهُ بِالطِّمِّ وَالرِّمّ, meaning He brought him much wealth. (S.) [Or] جَآءَ بِالطِّمِّ وَالرِّمِّ means He brought what was of the sea and what was of the land: (بِالبَحْرِىِّ وَالبَرِّىّ, K: [so in MS. copies and in the CK: in the copy of the K followed in the TA, and in like manner in the M, بالبحر والثرى, which, I think, is evidently a false reading:]) or moist and dry: or earth and water: (M, K:) or much wealth; (K;) as in the S: (TA:) and it is said in the copies of the K, [and in the M,] that الرِّمُّ signifies what is borne [on its surface] by the water; but this is a signification of الطِّمُّ; and الرِّمُّ signifies what is borne by the wind: (TA:) or what is upon the ground, of fragments of dry herbage. (M, K.) [See also art. طم.] b2: Also Marrow. (T, S, M, K.) رُمَّةٌ The remains of a rope after it has become ragged, or dissundered: (T:) or a piece of a rope (S, M, Msb, K) that is old and worn out or rotten; (S;) as also ↓ رِمَّةٌ: (M, K:) pl. [of mult.]

رُمَمٌ (T, S,) or رِمَمٌ (M, K,) and رِمَامٌ (S, M, K) and [of pauc.] أَرْمَامٌ: (M, K:) and they said also حَبْلٌ أَرْمَامٌ and رِمَمٌ [or رُمَمٌ] and رِمَامٌ; (M, K;) [like حَبْلٌ أَرْمَاثٌ and ثَوْبٌ أَخْلَاقٌ &c.;] thus using the pl. as though every part [of the rope] were termed a single thing. (M.) b2: Hence the saying, أَعْطَيْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ بِرُمَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) I gave him the thing altogether: (T:) or دَفَعَ إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ بِرُمَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He gave him the thing altogether: (S:) or أَخَذَهُ بِرُمَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He took it altogether: (M; and the like is said in the Msb:) and أَتَيْتُكَ بِالشَّىْءِ بِرُمّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) I brought thee, or have brought thee, the thing altogether: (M:) or أَعْطَاهُ بِرُمَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He gave it altogether: (K:) originally meaning the rope that is put upon the neck of the camel: (T:) [i. e.] originating from the fact that a man gave to another a camel with a rope upon his neck: (S, K:) or from the fact that a man sold a camel with a rope upon his neck; and it was said, Give him with his رُمَّة: (Msb:) or, as some say, from the bringing a captive bound with his رُمَّة; but this is not a valid assertion. (M.) In all the copies of the K, الرُّمَّةُ is also expl. as syn. with الجَبْهَةُ; but [SM says,] I have not found it in the originals from which it is derived; and may-be the right reading is الجُمْلَةُ. (TA.) 'Alee said, dispraising the present world, أَسْبَابُهَا رِمَامٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [Its ties (lit. ropes) are] old and worn out or rotten. (TA.) b3: ↓ أَرْمَامٌ [perhaps as pl. of رُمَّةٌ] also signifies (assumed tropical:) The last remains of herbage. (M, TA.) رِمَّةٌ Old and decayed bones: (AA, T, S, M, Msb, K:) or the old and decayed, of bones: (Mgh:) pl. رِمَمٌ and رِمَامٌ. (S, Msb.) The performance of the act termed الاِسْتِنْجَآء therewith is forbidden. (Mgh, TA.) [See also رَمِيمٌ.] b2: [and A bone in which is marrow. (Freytag, from the “ Kitáb el-Addád. ”)] b3: See also رُمَّةٌ, first sentence.

A2: Also A two-winged ant: (M, K:) so accord. to Aboo-Hátim; but disallowed by ElBekree. (TA.) b2: And The أَرَضَة [or woodfretter], (M, K,) in some one or more of the dialects. (M, TA.) رُمُمٌ Clever, ingenious, skilful, or intelligent, girls, or young women: (IAar, K:) app. pl. of ↓ رَامَّةٌ, [as it is said to be in the TK, whence Freytag (who has mentioned it as from the K, explaining it as an epithet applied to a girl meaning “ ingeniosa, prudens,”) appears to have taken it,] which signifies a female skilful in repairing. (TA.) رُمَامٌ: see رَمِيمٌ. b2: It is applied as an epithet to ثُمَام, in a saying of 'Omar, explained in art. ثم: accord. to some, it means that whereof the heads are grown, so that they are eaten (تُرَمُّ, i. e. تُؤْكَلُ): it is also applied to a herb, or leguminous plant, such that the cattle pluck it with their mouths, obtaining but little thereof: and to herbage that had dried up when becoming green. (T.) شِاْةٌ رَمُومٌ A sheep, or goat, that eats that by which it passes. (M, TA.) رَمِيمٌ A bone old and decayed: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ رُمَامٌ signifies the same (K, TA) in an intensive sense: (TA:) or the former is like رِمَّةٌ; (A 'Obeyd, T, and Ksh in xxxvi. 78;) i. e. it is a subst., signifying the old and decayed, of bones; (Ksh and Bd ibid.;) not of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ or مَفْعُولٌ: (Ksh ibid.:) or it is used in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, [meaning eroded,] from رَمَمْتُهُ [“ I ate it ”]: (Bd ibid.:) its pl. is in most instances أَرِمَّآءُ [when it is used as a subst. or as an epithet], like أَدِلَّآءُ pl. of دَلِيلٌ [or أَقْرِبَآء pl. of قَرِيبٌ]; and رِمَامٌ also occurs [when it is used as a subst., for رِمَّةٌ, of which رِمَامٌ is a pl., or when it is used as an epithet], like كِرَامٌ pl. of كَرِيمٌ: (Msb:) or you say أَعْظُمٌ رَمَائِمُ, and رَمِيمٌ also; or رَمِيمٌ may have the meaning of a gen. n., and therefore be used in the place of a pl. (M.) It is said in the Kur ubi suprà, مَنْ يُحْيِى الْعِظَامَ وَهِىَ رَمِيمٌ [Who will quicken the bones when they are old and decayed &c.?]; the last word being without ة because it is a subst., as expl. above, (Ksh, Bd, Jel,) not an epithet; (Ksh, Jel;) or because it is used in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, as stated above; (Bd;) or because words of the measures فَعِيلٌ and فَعُولٌ are sometimes used alike as masc. and fem. [and sing.] and pl., like صَدِيقٌ and رَسُولٌ and عَدُوٌّ. (S.) And Hátim, or some other, says, أَمَا وَالَّذِى لَا يَعْلَمُ السِّرَّ غَيْرُهُ وَيُحْيِى العِظَامَ البِيضَ وَهْىَ رَمِيمُ [Verily, or now surely, by Him beside whom none knoweth the secret, and who quickeneth the white bones when they are old and decayed &c.]; in which رميم may have the meaning of a gen. n., as observed above. (M.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) Anything old and decayed or worn out. (M.) One says, أَحْيَى رَمِيمَ المَكَارِمِ (tropical:) [He revived what had become decayed of generous qualities or actions or practices]. (TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The remains of the herbage of the next preceding year: (Lh, M:) from the same word in the sense first expl. above. (M.) A2: رَمِيمُ is one of the names of The east, or easterly, wind; الصَّبَا: and is also a proper name for a woman. (M.) رُمَامَةٌ A sufficiency of the means of subsistence, (K, TA,) whereby life becomes, or is held to be, in a good, or thriving, state. (TA.) رَمَّآءُ, applied to a ewe, White, (S, M,) without any colour upon her. (M.) رَمَّامٌ قَشَّاشٌ One who collects what has fallen of food, and the worst thereof, to eat it, not preserving himself from its uncleanness. (T, as heard by its author from the Arabs.) رُمَّانٌ is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ accord. to Sb: accord. to Abu-l-Hasan [i. e. Akh], of the measure فُعَّالٌ, (M, TA,) and is [therefore] mentioned in the S and K in art. رمن [q. v.]: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة. (M.) رَمْرَامٌ The حَشِيش [or herbs, or dry herbage,] of the [season called] رَبِيع: and also a certain species of trees, (S, M,) of sweet scent: n. un. with ة: (M:) or رَمْرَامَةٌ signifies a certain well-known sort of حَشِيش in the desert; and رَمْرَامٌ, much thereof: (T:) or this latter signifies a certain herb having prickly branches and leaves, that forbid the touch, rising to the height of a cubit; long in the leaves, broad, and intensely green, having a yellow flower, and eagerly desired by the cattle: (AHn, M:) or a certain dust-coloured plant, (Aboo-Ziyád, M, K,) which people use as a remedy for the sting of the scorpion. (Aboo-Ziyád, M.) رِامَّةٌ: see رُمُمٌ, of which it is thought to be the singular.

أَرْمَامٌ a pl. of رُمَّةٌ as signifying “ a piece of a rope: ” (M, K:) b2: and perhaps also in another sense: see the latter word, last sentence.

مُرِمٌّ Containing رِمّ, i. e. marrow; applied to a bone. (T.) And, [in like manner without ة,] applied to a she-camel, (S, M, K,) in the first stage of fatness when becoming in good condition of body, and in the last stage thereof when becoming lean, (M,) meaning Having in her somewhat of marrow. (S, M, * K. *) A2: Also Silent; (A 'Obeyd, T, S;) in a general sense; or, as some say, from fear, or fright; (TA;) applied to a man, (A 'Obeyd, T,) and to a bird, as in the saying of a rájiz, (S,) namely, Homeyd El-Arkat, (TA,).

مُرْخًى رِوَاقَاهُ هُجُودٌ سَامِرُهْ يَرِدْنَ وَاللَّيْلُ مُرمٌّ طَائِرُهُ [They come to the water when the bird of night is silent, when its curtains (lit. its two curtains) of darkness are let down, when the holders of discourse therein are sleeping]. (S, * TA.) A3: [The pl.] مُرِمَّاتٌ signifies Calamities, or misfortunes: (T, K:) so accord. to Az in the saying, رَمَاهُ بِالمُرِمَّاتِ [He smote him, or afflicted him, with calamiites, or misfortunes]: or, accord. to Aboo-Málik, it signifies المُسْكِتَات [i. e. silencing words or acts]. (T.) مَرَمَّةٌ [originally مَرْمَمَةٌ, a noun of the same class as مَجْنبَنَةٌ and مَبْخَلَةٌ &c., meaning A cause of repair: and hence, a thing needing repair; as in a phrase mentioned voce رَقِيعٌ]. b2: See also مَرَمَّةُ بَيْتِ, voce رُمٌّ. b3: And see what here follows.

مِرَمَّةٌ, (Th, T, S, M, TA,) accord. to the K, مَرِمَّةٌ, but this is a mistake, (TA,) The lip of any cloven-hoofed animal, (Th, T, S, M, K, TA,) such as the cow &c.; because it eats therewith; (S;) like مِقَمَّةٌ; (Th, T;) as also ↓ مَرَمَّةٌ [like مَقَمَّةٌ]. (S, M, K.) مَرْمُومٌ sing. of مَرَامِيمٌ, (TA,) which is [an epithet] applied to arrows, meaning Having the feathers repaired, or put into a good state. (K, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) An arrow [made even, or straight, by means of the eye; or] looked at until made even, or straight. (TA.) b3: You say also, أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ مَرْمُومٌ [i. e. The affair, or case, of such a one is rectified, or repaired]. (TA.)

كأكأ

ك

أكأ

See كأ.

كأل See Supplement كأن1 كَأَنَ فِى خَلْقِهِ He, (a man) was strong in his make (IAar, in TA, voce كَنَتَ.) كَأْنِىٌّ A man strong in his make. (IAar, in TA, voce كَنَتَ.) كَأٍ and كاءٍ: see كَأَىٍّ or كَأَيِّنْ in art. أَىٌّ (p. 134 a.)

زر

زر

1 زَرَّ, aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. زَرٌّ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He buttoned a shirt [&c.]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ زرّر, inf. n. تَزْرِيرٌ; (Mgh; [and so in the present day;]) or the latter verb [relates to several objects, or means he buttoned a shirt &c. with many buttons; for it] has an intensive signification. (Msb.) You say, اُزْرُرْ عَلَيْكَ قَمِيصَكَ, and زُرَّهُ, and زُرِّهِ, and زُرُّهُ, Button upon thee thy shirt. (S.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He narrowed his eyes [as when one draws together the edges of a vest in buttoning it]. (K, * [in which, in this instance, as in others, only the inf. n. of the verb زَرَّ is mentioned,] and TA.) b3: (tropical:) He collected, or drew together, vehemently, or forcibly. (A, Msb, K *) b4: زَرَّهَا [referring to the pieces of cloth composing a tent] He made in them what are called أَزْرَار [pl. of زِرٌّ, q. v.]. (TA.) b5: And زَرَّ, aor. as above, (S, A, TA,) and so the inf. n., (S, K,) (tropical:) He drove away. (S, A, K, TA. [In the TA, the inf. n. is expl. by الشَّكُّ as well as الطَّرْدُ; but the former is a mistranscription for الشَّلُّ, the reading in the S.]) One says, هُوَ يَزُرُّ الكَتَائِبَ بِالسَّيْفِ (tropical:) He drives away the troops with the sword. (S, A.) b6: (tropical:) He bit another. (S, * A, K. *) b7: (assumed tropical:) He pierced, or thrust, another, (K, TA,) with a spear. (TK.) b8: He plucked out hair. (K, * TA.) b9: He shook goods, or household furniture, or the like, to remove dust &c. (O, K: * only the inf. n. is mentioned in the latter.) A2: زَرَّ, (K,) aor. ـِ (TA,) He increased in intelligence, (K, TA,) and in probations, or experiences. (TA. [See also زَرِرَ, below, in this paragraph.]) A3: Also, aor. ـِ inf. n. زَرِيرٌ, It (a spear-head) gleamed, or glistened. (A.) And زَرَّتْ عَيْنُهُ, aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. زَرِيرٌ, (S, K,) His eye gleamed, or glistened. (S, K. *) And عَيْنَاهُ تَزرَّانِ فِى رَأْسِهِ His eyes gleam, or glisten, in his head. (Fr, S, * A, TA.) A4: زَرِرَ, like سَمِعَ, [by rule زَرَّ, sec. Pers\.

زَرِرْتَ, aor. ـَ He acted wrongfully, injuriously, or unjustly, to his adversary, or antagonist. (K.) b2: And He became intelligent after having been foolish, or stupid. (K. [See also a signification of زَرَّ, above.]) 2 زَرَّّ see 1, first sentence: b2: and see also 4.3 زارّهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُزَارَّةٌ, (S, K,) (tropical:) He bit him, being bitten by him. (S, * A, K. *) 4 ازرّهُ, (A'Obeyd, S, Msb,) and ↓ زرّرهُ, (A,) He put أَزْرَار [i. e. buttons, or, as some say, loops for buttons,] upon it, namely, a shirt [&c.]. (A'Obeyd, S, A, Msb.) 5 تزرّر It (a shirt [&c.]) had أَزْرَار [i. e. buttons, or, as some say, loops for buttons,] put upon it. (S, TA.) R. Q. 1 زَرْزَرَ, (S, K,) inf. n. زَرْزَرَةٌ, (TA,) He (a زُرْزُور [or starling]) uttered a cry, or cries. (S, K.) b2: He (a man) kept continually, or constantly, to the eating of the زُرْزُور. (IAar, K, TA.) b3: زَرْزَرَ بِالمَكَانِ He continued, or remained fixed, or stationary, in the place. (K.) R. Q. 2 تَزَرْزَرَ He, or it, was, or became, in a state of motion, or commotion. (K.) زَرٌّ an inf. n. of زَرَّ [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K. *) A2: See also زِرٌّ.

زُرٌّ: see what next follows.

زِرٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ زُرٌّ, (ISk,) app. in the same sense, (Az,) and ↓ زَرٌّ has been also mentioned, but this is doubtful, (MF,) A button (IAar, A, Msb, TA) of a shirt, (IAar, S, A, Msb, K,) and of other things, as, for instance, of a curtain: (MF, TA:) or the loop into which a button is put: (ISh:) the latter, accord. to Az, is the right meaning: (TA:) [but the former is that to which the word is generally applied:] the former is also called زِيرٌ, by a change of the first ر: (IAar:) pl. [of pauc.] أَزْرَارٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and [of mult.] زُرُورٌ. (K.) [Hence the saying,] هُوَ أَلْزَمُ لِى

مِنْ زِرِّى لِعُرْوَتِهِ [He is more fast to me than my button to its loop]. (A.) And أَعْطَانِيهِ بِزِرِّهِ (tropical:) He gave it to me altogether. (A.) b2: الزِّرُّ [The star ξ of Gemini;] one of the two stars called الهَنْعَةُ. (Kzw.) b3: زِرٌّ also signifies (tropical:) A certain piece of wood at the upper extremity of the pole of a tent: (A, K: *) pl. أَزْرَارٌ: (TA:) the upper end of the tent-pole is inserted into it: (L:) or the ازرار of a tent (خِبَآء) are certain pieces of wood which are sewed into the upper parts of the pieces of cloth which compose the tent, the lower ends of which [pieces of cloth] are upon the ground: and زَرَّهَا signifies “ he made in them [namely the said pieces of cloth] such pieces of wood. ” (TA.) b4: (tropical:) The socket in which the head of the upper bone of the arm turns; (A, K; *) resembling the half of a nut: (A:) or the head itself of that bone: (TA:) and the extremity of the hip-bone, in the socket. (K.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A certain small bone, (K,) resembling the half of a nut, (TA, [but this is probably a misplaced insertion, from the A, ubi suprà,]) beneath the heart, of which it is the support. (K.) b6: (tropical:) The edge, (K,) or each of the two edges, (TA,) of a sword. (IAar, K, TA.) b7: One says, إِنَّهُ لَزِرٌّ مِنْ أَزْرَارِ الإِبِلِ (S, * A, K *) (tropical:) Verily he is one who keeps close to the camels; (A;) a good pastor of them. (S, A, K. [Accord. to the A, it seems to be from زِرٌّ signifying “ a button. ”]) You term also زِرُّ مَالٍ (assumed tropical:) One who drives camels, or the like, vehemently; accord. to some; but the preceding meaning, given in the K, is the more correct: (TA:) or it signifies one acquainted with the right management thereof; (K, TA;) who manages them well; (TA;) as also مَالٍ ↓ زُرْزُورُ. (K.) b8: زِرُّ الدِّينِ (assumed tropical:) The support, or prop, of the religion; (Abu-l-'Abbás, K;) like the small bone called زِرّ, which is the support of the heart: (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA:) applied, in a trad., to 'Alee: in another relation, it is زِرُّ الأَرْضِ, meaning he between whom and the earth is a mutual dependance, and without whose existence one would repudiate the earth and mankind: or, accord. to Th, he by whom the earth becomes firm, like as a shirt does by means of its زِرّ [or button]. (TA.) زَرَّةٌ Intellect, or intelligence. (O, TA.) زِرَّةٌ The mark left by a bite: (K, TA:) or, as some say, a bite itself. (TA.) And A wound with the edge of a sword. (TA.) A2: J says, When camels are fat, you say, بِهَا زِرَّةٌ: but this is a mistake for بَهَا زِرَةٌ, (Sgh, K,) which is pl. of بُهْزُورَةٌ. (TA in art. بهزر.) زَرِيرٌ, applied to a man, (O, TA,) Light, or active; and sharp, or acute, of mind, with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge; as also ↓ زَرْزَارٌ; (O, K; [in the CK, الزَكِىُّ is erroneously put for الذَّكِىُّ;]) which is also expl. as signifying light, or active, and quick; (TA;) and ↓ زُرَازِرٌ, (K,) of which the pl. is زَرَازِرُ. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant, (O, K.) having a yellow blossom, (O,) with which one dyes: (O, K:) in this sense, a Pers\., or foreign, word. (O.) زُرْزُرٌ: see زُرْزُورٌ.

زَرْزَارٌ: see زَرِيرٌ. Accord. to As, it signifies A man whose eyes glisten. (TA.) زُرْزُورٌ [The starling;] a certain bird, (IDrd, S, O, K,) as also ↓ زُرْزُرٌ, (IDrd, O, K,) resembling the lark: pl. زَرَازِيرُ. (TA.) A2: مَرْكَبٌ زُرْزُورٌ A narrow مركب [or animal, or thing, upon which one rides or is carried; accord. to the TK, meaning a beast; for it is there added that one says حِمَارٌ زُرْزُورٌ, meaning a narrow ass]. (O, K. *) A3: زُرْزُورُ مَالٍ: see زِرٌّ last sentence but one.

زُرَازِرٌ: see زَرِيرٌ.

مِزَرٌّ An ass [app. meaning a wild ass] that bites much. (S, * TA.) مَزْرُورٌ is used by El-Marrár El-Fak'asee as meaning A she-camel's nose-rein; because it is plaited and tied. (S.)

با

با



بَا and بَآءٌ: see the letter ب, and arts. بوأ and بى بأ

R. Q. 1 بَأْبَأَهُ, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) and بأبأ بِهِ, (Fr, M, K,) inf. n. بَأْبَآَةُ (Lth, T, M) and بَئْبَآءٌ; (Fr, M;) [as also بأَبِى; see art. بِأَبِى أَنْتَ;] He said to him, بِأَبِي, (Fr, M,) or بأَبَا, (M,) or بِأَبِى أَنْتَ, (Lth, T, K,) [all meaning With my father mayest thou be ransomed! or] meaning أَفْدِيكَ بِأَبِى [I will ransom thee with my father]; (Lth, T;) or he said to him, بِأَبِى أَنْتَ وَأُمِّى [With my father mayest thou be ransomed, and with my mother! or I will ransom thee &c.; see art. ابو]; (S;) the current phrase of the Arabs being that which includes both parents: (TA:) i. e., a man said so to another man, (Lth, T, M,) or to a child; (Fr, S, M;) and in like manner to his horse, for having saved him from some accident: (IAar, T:) the verb is derived from بِأَبِى. (Lth, T, M.) Hence البِأَبْ, in an ex. cited voce أَبٌ, in art. ابو, q. v.; (M;) or البِئَبْ; (TA in art. ابو;) or البِيَبْ. (S in that art.) b2: And [hence,] بَأبَؤُوهُ They made a show of treating him with graciousness, courtesy, or blandishment; as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ تَبَأْبَؤُوا. (M.) b3: [Hence also,] ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, with medd, [used as an inf. n.,] A woman's dandling, or dancing, of her child. (AA, T.) A2: بَأْبَأَ also signifies He (a child) said ↓ بَأْبَأْ (M, K) [in some copies of the K written بَابَا, both meaning Papa, or Father,] to his father. (M.) [Accord. to the TA, the verb is trans. in this sense, as in the senses before explained; but I think that بَأْبَأَهُ has been there erroneously put for بَأْبَأَ.] b2: And He (a stallion [meaning a stallion-camel]) reiterated the sound of the letter ب [or b] in his braying. (M.) b3: [And hence, perhaps,] ↓ بَأْبَأٌ [or, more probably, ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, with medd, agreeably with analogy, used as an inf. n.,] The chiding of the cat, or act of chiding the cat; (AA, T, Sgh;) also termed غَسٌّ. (AA, T.) A3: Also He hastened, made haste, or sped: and ↓ تَبَأْبَأْنَا we hastened, &c.: (marginal note in a copy of the S:) or ↓ تَبَأْبَأَ signifies he ran. (ElUmawee, T, K.) R. Q. 2 see above, in three places.

بَأْبأْ and بَأْبَأٌ: see R. Q. 1, in two places.

بُؤْبُؤٌ The source, origin, race, root, or stock, syn. أَصْلٌ, (AA, Sh, T, S, M, K,) of a man, (Sh, T,) whether noble or base. (AA, T.) You say, هُوَ كَرِيمُ البُؤْبُؤِ He is of generous, or noble, origin; lit., generous, or noble, of origin. (TK.) And فُلَانٌ فِىبُؤْبُؤِ الكَرَمِ Such a one is of [a race] the source (أَصْل) of generosity, or nobleness. (S. [In the PS, من is here put in the place of فى: but فى is often used in phrases of the same kind and meaning as that above, in the sense of مِنْ.]) IKh cites from Jereer, فِى يُؤْبُؤِ المَجْدِ وَبُحْبُوحِ الكَرَمْ [Of a race the source of glory, and the very heart of generosity, or nobleness]: but Aboo-'Alee El-Kálee quotes the words thus; فِى ضِئْضِئِ المَجْدِ وَ بُؤْبُوْءِ الكَرَمْ [which may be rendered, of a race the source of glory, and the very root of generosity]; whence it appears that بُؤْبُوءٌ is a dial. var. of بُؤْبُؤٌ in the sense here given. (TA.) b2: The middle of a thing; (K;) [and app. the heart, or very heart, thereof; the middle as being the best part of a thing;] like بُحْبُوحٌ. (TA.) b3: [Hence, perhaps,] The pupil, or apple, or the image that is seen reflected in the black, (عَيْر AA, T, or إِنْسَان K,) of the eye. (AA, T, K.) Whence the saying, هُوَ أَعَزُّ عَلَىِّ مِنْ بُؤْبُؤِ عَيْنِى [He is dearer to me than the apple of my eye; a saying common in the present day, with the substitution of إِنْسَان for بُؤْبُؤ]. (TA.) b4: A generous, or noble, (ISk, T,) or a clever, an ingenious, or an accomplished, or a well-bred, or an elegant, (M, K,) and a light, an active, or a sprightly, (M,) lord, master, chief, or personage: (ISk, T, M, K:) fem. with ة. (IKh, TA.) b5: Also, (AA, T, S, * [but I find it only in one of three copies of the S,]) or ↓ بُؤْبُؤْءٌ, and ↓ بَأْبَآءٌ, (K,) the last from the M, (TA, [but it is not in the M as transcribed in the TT,]) A learned man (AA, T, S, K) who teaches; (AA, T;) but the teaching of others is not a condition required in the application of the epithet; (TA;) like سَرْسُورٌ. (S [in which this last word is evidently given as a syn.: but in the K it is given to show the form, only, of بُؤْبُوْءٌ].) b6: Also The body of a locust, (K,) without the head and legs. (TA.) b7: And, accord. to the K, The head, or uppermost part, of a vessel in which [the collyrium called] كُحْل is kept: but it will appear, in art. يأ, that this is [perhaps] a mistranscription for يُؤْيُؤٌ. (TA.) بَأْبَآءٌ: see R. Q. 1, in two places: A2: and see بُؤْبُؤٌ.

بُؤْبُوءٌ: see بُؤْبُؤٌ, in two places.

زنبق

زنبق



زَنْبَقٌ [mentioned in the S and Msb in art. زبق] Oil of jasmine: (S, K:) or this is called دُهْنُ الزَّنْبَقِ, and is of the dial. of El-'Irák; (Az, TA;) [for] it is said that زَنْبَقٌ signifies the jasmine [itself]: (Msb:) or, as some say, it is a certain flower, which is put into شَيْرَج [i.e. oil of sesame, or, as being likened thereto, because of its clearness, white oil before it becomes altered], and the like, and of which is [thus] made an [odoriferous] oil; like as is done with other species of flowers. (MF.) [In the present day, this name is applied to several species of plants: namely, Mogorium sambac of Juss., Lam., Desfont.: b2: Nyctanthes sambac of Linn.; nyctanthes undulata in notis Amœn. academ. 4, p. 449: (Delile, Flor. Aegypt. Illustr., no. 8:) b3: and Iris germanica of Linn.; or Iris sambac of Forsk.: (Idem, no. 26:) b4: also the lily.] b5: Also The [musical reed, or pipe, called] زَمَّارَة, (AA, T, TA,) or مِزْمَار. (Aboo-Málik, K.) b6: أُمُّ زَنْبَقٍ Wine: (IAar, K, and T in art. ام:) or wine such as is termed فَيْهَجٌ and قِنْدِيدٌ. (IAmb, TA in art. فهج.) زَنْبَاقٌ A certain herb, or leguminous plant, hot, burning, or biting, to the tongue, and that causes headache. (K.)

عثكل

عثكل

Q. 1 عَثْكَلَ الهَوْدَجَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَثْكَلَةٌ, (TK,) He adorned the هودج [or women's camel-vehicle] with the kind of pendant termed عُثْكُولَة. (K, * TA.) And عُثْكِلَ الهَوْدَجُ The هودج was [so] adorned. (S.) A2: And [the inf. n.] عَثْكَلَةٌ signifies A heavy kind of running. (K.) One says, هُوَ يُعَثْكِلُ He runs heavily. (TK.) Q. 2 تَعَثْكَلَ العِذْقُ The عذق [or raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] had many شَمَارِيخ [or fruit-stalks, also called عَثَاكِيل, whence the verb]. (S, TA.) عِثْكَالٌ and ↓ عُثْكُولٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُثْكُولَةٌ (K) i. q. شِمْرَاخٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and شُمْرُوخٌ, (Msb,) i. e. [A fruit-stalk of the raceme of a palm-tree; or] a stalk, of a كِبَاسَة, upon which are the ripening dates: (S, O:) or [so in some copies of the K and in the TA, but in other copies of the K “ and,”] i. q. عِذْقٌ [i. e. a raceme of a palm-tree or of dates]; (K;) [i. e.] an عُنْقُود of a palm-tree, of which the شِمْرَاخ is a single branching stalk: (Mgh:) [agreeably with this last explanation and the latter of the two here given from the K, it is said,] and it is, in relation to the palm-tree, like the عُنْقُود in relation to the grape-vine: (S, O:) and in one dial., the ع is changed into ء, so that one says إِثْكَالٌ [and أُثْكُولٌ]: the pl. is عَثَاكِيلُ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., خُذُوا عِثْكَالًا فِيهِ مِائَةُ شِمْرَاخٍ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِهَا ضَرْبَةً [i. e. Take ye a raceme of a palm-tree in which are a hundred fruit-stalks, and strike him therewith a single stroke]. (O.) عُثْكُولٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: b2: and that here following.

عُثْكُولَةٌ: see عِثْكَالٌ. b2: Also, (K,) and ↓ عُثْكُولٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A kind of pendant, of عِهْن [i. e. wool, or dyed wool], or some [other] ornament, (K, TA,) suspended to a هودج [or women's camel-vehicle], (TA,) so as to dangle in the air: (K, TA:) pl. عَثَاكِلُ occurring in a verse [by poetic license for عَثَاكِيلُ]. (TA.) عِدْقٌ مُعَثْكَلٌ [A raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] having many شَمَارِيخ [or fruit-stalks]. (TA.) [See also the following paragraph.] b2: And, by way of comparison [thereto], هَوْدَجْ مُعَثْكَلٌ (assumed tropical:) A هودج [or women's camel-vehicle] having much wool [in the form of pendants, suspended to it]. (TA.) عِذْقٌ مُتَعَثْكِلٌ and مُتَعَثْكَلٌ [A raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] having عَثَاكِيل [i. e. fruit-stalks]. (K.) [See also the next preceding paragraph.]

بذ

بذ

1 بَذَّ, (M,) sec. Pers\. بَذِذْتَ, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـَ (L, K,) inf. n. بَذَاذَةٌ (S, M, Mgh, K) and بُذُوذَةٌ (S, M, K) and بَذَذٌ (M, Mgh, K) and بَذَاذٌ, (K,) or بِذَاذٌ, with kesr, (TA,) [of all which, the third is the regular form,] He (a man) was, or became, threadbare, and shabby, or mean, in the state of his apparel, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, L,) and in an evil condition; (M, L, K;) slovenly with respect to his person: (Ks, M, L:) or he neglected the constant adornment of himself: or he adorned himself one day, and another day left his hair in a shaggy or dishevelled, or matted and dusty, state: (T, L:) or he was humble in his apparel, not taking pleasure therein. (IAth, L.) بَذَاذَة is said in a trad. to be a part of religion; (Ks, T, M, Mgh, L;) meaning, in this instance, The being humble in dress, and wearing that which is not conducive to self-conceit and pride. (Mgh.) A2: بَذَّهُ, aor. ـُ (T, S, M, L,) inf. n. بَذٌّ (S, M, L, K) and ↓ بَذِيذَةٌ, (K,) [or this may be a simple subst.,] He overcame him; (T, S, M, L, K;) he surpassed him in goodliness or beauty, or in any deed: (T, L:) he outstripped him. (M, L.) It is said in a trad., بَذَّ القَائِلِينَ He outstripped, or surpassed, and overcame, the speakers. (L.) 3 باذّهُ He hastened with him; made haste, or strove, to be, or get, before him: (K, * TA:) he vied with him in glory or excellence. (TA.) 8 ابتذّ حَقَّهُ He took his (i. e. his own) right, or due. (K.) 10 استبذّ بِالأَمْرِ He was alone, with none to share, or participate, with him, in the affair; (K, * TA;) i. q. استبدّ (K) and استقلّ. (TA.) بَذٌّ [perhaps from the Persian بَدْ] A man slovenly with respect to his person, and poor. (IAar, T, L.) And بَذُّ الهَيْئَةِ, and الهَيْئَةِ ↓ بَاذُّ, A man threadbare, and shabby, or mean, in the state of his apparel; (Ks, T, * S, Mgh, L;) and in an evil condition with respect to it; (L, K;) slovenly with respect to his person: (Ks, L:) or one who neglects the constant adornment of his person: or who adorns himself one day, and another day leaves his hair in a shaggy or dishevelled, or matted and dusty, state: (T, L:) or humble in his apparel, not taking pleasure therein. (IAth, L.) b2: بَذُّ البَخْتِ A man having evil fortune. (Kr, M, L.) b3: هَيْئَةٌ بَذَّةٌ A threadbare, and shabby, or mean, state of apparel. (M.) b4: حَالٌ بَذَّةٌ, (S,) and حَالَةٌ بَذَّةٌ, (TA,) An evil state or condition. (S, TA.) b5: تَمْرٌ بَذٌّ Dates that are separate, each one from another, not sticking together; like فَذٌّ: (IAar, M:) or that are scattered. (K.) b6: فَذٌّ بَذٌّ Single; sole; that is alone, or apart from others: (IAar, K:) and so أَحَذُّ

↓ أَبَذُّ. (K.) فِى هَيْئَتِهِ بَذَّةٌ, and بَذَاذَةٌ, [the latter an inf. n. (of بَذَّ) used as a simple subst.,] In his state of apparel is slovenliness, and threadbareness, and shabbiness, or meanness. (T.) ↓ بَذِيذَةٌ, also, (sometimes written ↓ بَذْبَذَةٌ, TA, and so in the TT but without vowel-signs,) signifies Slovenliness with respect to one's person; or neglect of cleanliness. (T, L, K.) بَذِيذَةٌ, or بَذْبَذَةٌ: see بَذَّةٌ.

A2: And for the former, see also بَذَّهُ.

بَاذٌّ: see بَذٌّ.

A2: Also Any one overcoming, or surpassing. (M, L.) أَبَذٌّ: see بَذٌّ.

عر

عر

1 عَرَّتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K) and عَرُّ, (K,) inf. n. عَرٌّ; (S;) The camels were, or became, mangy, or scabby, or affected with the mange or scab; (S, O, K; *) as also ↓ تَعَرْعَرَت; (O, K; *) and عُرَّت: (K: *) or this last verb signifies they (the camels) had purulent pustules, like the [cutaneous eruption called] قُوَبَآء [q. v.], coming forth dispersedly in their lips (S, O) and their legs, (S,) and discharging a fluid resembling yellow water; in consequence of which the healthy camels are cauterized, in order that the diseased may not communicate to them the malady: (S, O:) or the same verb signifies, (IKtt, K, * TA,) and so the first, and ↓ the second, (K, *) said of young, or unweaned, camels, they had purulent pustules in their necks: (IKtt, K, * TA:) and all the three verbs, said of camels, signify they had a disease which caused their fur to fall off, (K, TA,) so that the skin appeared and shone. (TA.) b2: عَرَّ البَدَنَ, said of the mange, or scab, signifies اِعْتَرَضَهُ [app. meaning It attacked the body]. (B, TA.) A2: عَرَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرَّةٌ, said of a bird, It muted, or dunged. (S, O.) b2: عَرَّ, (S, Mgh, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. عَرٌّ; (O;) and ↓ عرّر, inf. n. تَعْرِيرٌ; (S, O;) He manured land: he dunged it: (Mgh, TA:) he manured it with human ordure. (TA.) b3: And [hence] عَرَّهُ, (Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) He defiled, or besmeared, him, or it, (Mgh, Msb,) with عُرَّة, i. e. dung such as is called سِرْقِين, (Mgh,) or with a thing. (Msb.) b4: And عَرَّهُ بِشَرٍّ (assumed tropical:) He sullied, or bespattered, him with evil, by charging him therewith; aspersed him; or charged, or upbraided, him with evil: (S, O, K, TA:) from عَرَّ signifying “ he dunged ” land; or, accord. to A'Obeyd, it may be from عَرٌّ signifying

“ mange,” or “ scab: ” and (assumed tropical:) he wronged him, or treated him unjustly or injuriously; and reviled him; and took his property. (TA.) b5: And [in like manner] هُوَ يَعُرُّ قَوْمَهُ (assumed tropical:) He brings against his people, or party, an abominable, or evil, charge, (يُدْخِلُ عَلَيْهِمْ مَكْرُوهًا,) aspersing them with it. (S, O.) (assumed tropical:) He disgraces, or dishonours, his people, or party. (TA.) b6: And عَرَّهُ, aor. ـُ (assumed tropical:) He applied to him a surname, or nickname, that disgraced him, or dishonoured him: and عُرَّ (assumed tropical:) He received, or became called by, such a surname or nickname. (TA.) b7: And عَرَّهُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَرٌّ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He did to him an abominable, or evil, thing: (K:) he displeased him; grieved, or vexed, him; did to him what he disliked, or hated; did evil to him. (S, O, K.) b8: And عَرَّهُ also signifies It (a thing that he disliked, or hated, and that distressed him,) befell him; syn. عَرَاهُ, meaning دَهَاهُ. (Ksh in xlviii. 25. [In Bd, اغراه; app. a mistranscription for عَرَاهُ.]) b9: Also, (O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (O, TA,) inf. n. عَرٌّ; (O, K;) and ↓ اعترّهُ, (Msb, K,) and اعترّ بِهِ; (K;) and عَرَاهُ and اعتراهُ likewise; (Msb, TA; [see art. عرو;]) He addressed, or applied, himself to obtain favour, or bounty, of him, without asking; (Msb, K;) he came to him, and sought his favour, or bounty; or seeking his favour, or bounty: (O, TA:) or he went round about him, seeking to obtain what he had, whether asking him or not asking him. (TA, as implied in an explanation of مُعْتَرٌّ.) b10: And عَرَّهُ He alighted at his abode as a visiter and guest. (IKtt, TA.) A3: See also 3.2 عَرَّّ see the preceding paragraph, former half.3 عارّ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. عِرَارٌ (S, O, K) and مُعَارَّةٌ; (K;) and, (S, O, K,) as some say, (S, O,) ↓ عَرَّ, aor. ـِ (S, O, K,) or ـُ (thus in the L,) inf. n. عِرَارٌ, (S, O, K,) with kesr; (K; [in one of my copies of the S عَرَارٌ; but عُرَارق, which would be agreeable with analogy, I do not find;]) He (an ostrich [said of the male only]) cried; uttered a cry or cries: (S, O, K:) like as they say of a female ostrich زَمَرَتْ: (S, O: *) IKtt cites an assertion that it is عَارَ, aor. ـُ (TA.) 4 اعرّت الدَّارُ The house had in it عُرَّة [i. e. dung, or human ordure], (S, * O, K, *) or much thereof; like أَعْذَرَت. (TA.) 6 تعارّ He awoke from his sleep, (S, A, O,) in the night, with a sound, or cry, (S, O,) or speaking, or talking: (A:) he was sleepless, and turned over upon the bed, by night, speaking, or talking, (A, K,) and with a sound, or cry, and, as some say, stretching. (TA.) A'Obeyd says that some derive it [as Z does] from عِرَارٌ, signifying the “ crying ” of a male ostrich; but that he knows not whether it be so or not. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَرَ3َ see 1, near the end of the paragraph.10 اِسْتَعَرَّهُمُ الجَرَبُ The mange, or scab, appeared and spread among them. (S, O, * K.) [See also 8 in art. سعر.] R. Q. 2 تَعَرْعَرَت: see 1, first quarter, in two places.

عَرٌّ The mange, or scab; (S, A, Mgh, O, K;) as also ↓ عُرٌّ (K) and ↓ عُرَّةٌ (IF, Msb, K) and ↓ عَرَّةٌ: (IF, Msb, and so in a copy of the A:) see also عَرَرٌ: or عَرٌّ has this signification; but ↓ عُرٌّ, with damm, signifies purulent pustules in the necks of young, or unweaned, camels: and a certain disease, in consequence of which the fur of the camel falls off, (K, TA,) so that the skin appears and shines; as some say: (TA:) or purulent pustules, like the [cutaneous eruption called] قُوَبَآء

[q. v.], which comes forth in camels, dispersedly, in their lips (S, O) and their legs, (S,) discharging a fluid which resembles yellow water; in consequence of which the healthy camels are cauterized, in order that the diseased may not communicate to them the malady. (S, O.) En-Nábighah says, (addressing En-Noamán Ibn-El-Mundhir, O,) فَحَمَّلْتَنِى ذَنْبَ امْرِئٍ وَتَرَكْتَهُ يُكْوَى غَيْرُهُ وَهْوَ رَاتِعُ ↓ كَذِى العُرِّ [And thou hast charged me with the crime, or offence, of a man other than myself, and left him like that which has the disease called عُرّ, another than which is cauterized while he is pasturing at pleasure]: he who says العَرّ, in relating this verse, errs; for cauterization is not practised as a preservative from the mange, or scab. (IDrd, S, O.) b2: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) A vice, or fault, or the like. (Har p. 366.) [See also عُرَّة.] b3: And (assumed tropical:) Evil, or mischief. (Har ibid.) One says, لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ شَرًّا وَعَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [I experienced from him, or it, evil and mischief: the two nouns being synonymous: and the latter of them also an inf. n. of عَرَّهُ, q. v.]. (TA: but written without any syll. signs.) [See also an instance of the use of the phrase شَرٌّ وَعَرٌّ voce دَفِينٌ.] b4: See also عَارٌّ.

عُرٌّ: see عَرٌّ, in three places: b2: and see عُرَّةٌ.

عَرَّةٌ: see عَرٌّ.

عُرَّةٌ: see عَرٌّ. b2: Also Madness, or such as is caused by diabolical possession, affecting a man: You say, بِهِ عُرَّةٌ In him is madness, &c. (S, O.) b3: Dung, such as is called بَعَر, and سِرْجِين, (S, O,) or سِرْقِين, (Mgh,) [i. e. dung of horses or other solid-hoofed animals, and of camels, sheep and goats, wild oxen, and the like,] and that of birds; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُرٌّ: (O, K:) and human ordure. (O, K.) It is said in a trad., لَعَنَ اللّٰهُ بَائِعَ العُرَّةِ وَمُشْتَرِيَهَا i. e. [God has cursed, or may God curse, the seller of] سرقين [or perhaps the meaning may be human ordure, and the buyer thereof], (Mgh.) b4: Dirt, or filth. (Msb.) b5: (assumed tropical:) Filthiness in the natural dispositions. (O.) b6: (tropical:) A thing that exposes its author to disgrace; a vice, or fault, or the like. (O, Msb, TA.) See also مَعَرَّةٌ. [And see عُرٌّ, voce عَرٌّ. Hence,] عُرَّةُ النِّسَآءِ (tropical:) That which disgraces women; their evil conversation or behaviour, with others. (TA.) b7: As an epithet applied to a man, (S, O, Msb,) (assumed tropical:) Dirty, or filthy; as also ↓ عَارُورٌ and ↓ عَارُورَةٌ: (S, O:) [or] having an intensive signification [as though meaning “ dirt,” or “ filth,” itself]: (Msb:) (assumed tropical:) a man who is the disgrace of the people [to whom he belongs]: (K:) a man sullied, or bespattered, with evil. (IDrd, O.) And one says, فُلَانٌ عُرَّةُ أَهْلِهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one is the worst of his family. (TA.) b8: Also (assumed tropical:) The act of doing an abominable, or evil, thing, to another. (K.) عَرَرٌ and ↓ عُرُورٌ Manginess, or scabbiness: (K:) or, accord. to some, mange, or scab, itself; like ↓ عَرٌّ. (TA.) عَرَارٌ A certain plant, of sweet odour, (S, O,) intensely yellow and wide in the blossom; (O;) i. q. بَهَارُ البَرِّ [q. v., i. e. buphthalmum, or ox-eye; which is called by both of these names in the present day]: (S, O, K:) accord. to IB, the wild narcissus (النَّرْجِسُ البَرِّىُّ): (TA:) and said by some to be a sort of tree [or plant] to which the complexion of a woman is likened: (Ham p. 548:) n. un. with ة: (S, O, K:) IAar says that the عَرَارَة is like the بَهَار; having wood, [or arborescent, app. meaning that it is the buphthalmum arborescens, the flower of which is intensely yellow, agreeably with what is said of it in the O,] having a sweet odour, and growing only in plain land. (O.) A2: Also, i. e. like سَحَابٌ [in measure], Retaliation of slaughter or of wounding or of mutilation; syn. قَوَدٌ: and anything that is slain in retaliation for another (كُلُّ شَىْءٍ بَآءَ بِشَىْءٍ): (K, TA:) of any such thing one says, هُوَ لَهُ عَرَارٌ [It is one slain in retaliation for it]. (TA.) [This latter meaning is app. taken from the prov.

بَآءَتْ عَرَارِ بِكَحْلٍ, relating to two cows; mentioned in art. بوأ.]

عُرُورٌ: see عَرَرٌ.

عَرِيرٌ A stranger (Az, S, Z, O, K) among a people: (O, K:) occurring, in the accus. case, in a trad., in which some read غَرِيرًا, with the pointed غ; and some say that the right reading is غَرِيًّا, i. e. مُلْصَقًا [here meaning “ an adherent ”]: but Hr and IAth agree with Az [and the S] and Z and the [O and] K. (TA.) عَرْعَرٌ The tree called سَرْو [which is the common, or evergreen, cypress; but the former name is generally applied in the present day to the juniper-tree]; (S, O, K;) a Pers\. word: (K:) it is a kind of great tree, of the trees of the mountains: (O:) some say that it is the [tree called] سَاسَم, and also [said to be] called شِيزَى: others, that it is a great kind of mountain-tree, evergreen, called by the Persians سَرْو: (TA:) AHn says that he had been informed by an Arab of the desert, of the people of the Saráh (السَّرَاة), who are possessors of the عَرْعَر, that it is the أَبْهَل [q. v., a name now applied to the juniper-tree, like عَرْعَر; and particularly to the species thereof called the savin]; and he adds that he knew it in his own country, and afterwards saw it in the province of Kazween, cut for firewood from the mountains thereof, in the borders of Ed-Deylem; whence he knew that his informant was well acquainted with it, for those mountains are places of growth of the ابهل: (O:) he says that it has a fruit like the نَبِق [or fruit of the lote-tree called سِدْر], first green, then becoming white, then becoming black until it is like حُمَم [or charcoal, &c.], and sweet, when it is eaten: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) عَرْعَارٌ: see عَرْعَارٌ, in art. رع.

عَارٌّ A camel having the mange, or scab; as also ↓ أَعَرُّ; (A'Obeyd, S, O;) which latter [in some of the copies of the K written ↓ عَرٌّ] is applied in this sense to a man; and ↓ مَعْرُورٌ to a camel: (K:) or this last signifies having, or affected with, the disease called عُرّ. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مُعْتَرٌّ.

عَارُورٌ and عَارُورَةٌ: see عُرَّةٌ.

أَعَرُّ: see عَارٌّ. b2: One says also, أَنْتَ شَرٌّ مِنْهُ وَأَعَرُّ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Thou art worse than he, and more evil: the two nouns being synonymous, like شَرٌّ and عَرٌّ]. (TA.) مَعَرَّةٌ A place of عَرّ, i. e. mange, or scab: this is the primary signification. (TA.) b2: Hence, المَعَرَّةُ The region of the sky that is beyond the Milky Way (المَجَرَّة) in the direction of the North Pole; so called because of the multitude of the stars therein; (O, * TA;) like as the sky is called الجَرْبَآءُ because of its numerous stars; these being compared to scabs on the body of a man: (TA:) and to this and the مَجَرَّة a man alluded, when, being asked respecting the place where he alighted and abode, he informed the inquirer that he alighted and abode between two tribes, (O, TA,) great and numerous; (O;) saying, نَزَلْتُ بَيْنَ المَعَرَّةِ وَالمَجَرَّةِ [I have alighted between the مَعَرَّة and the مَجَرَّة]: (O, TA:) or, as some say, (O,) المَعَرَّةُ is the name of a certain star, or asterism, [which is] below the مَجَرَّة [or Milky Way, app. meaning when the latter, as viewed from Arabia, is seen stretching across the sky above the North Pole]. (O, K.) b3: [Hence likewise, app.,] مَعَرَّةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A cause of reviling, or of being reviled; syn. مَسَبَّةٌ: (TA:) a crime, or sin; syn. إِثْمٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and جِنَايَةٌ; (TS, L, TA; in the copies of the K خِيَانَة; [and thus in the O;] but this is a mistake; TA;) and جُرْمٌ; (TA;) as also ↓ عُرَّةٌ: (K:) or a crime, or sin, [that is noxious] like the mange, or scab: (L, TA:) a foul, or an abominable, thing: (O, TA:) a cause of grief or vexation: (Mgh, Msb:) annoyance, or hurt; or a thing by which one is annoyed or hurt; syn. أَذًى; (Sh, Mgh, K;) or أَذِيَّةٌ: (O:) displeasing, grieving, or vexing, conduct: (Mgh, Msb:) and i. q. شِدَّةٌ [app. as meaning violence, or the like]. (O: there mentioned between the significations of إِثْمٌ and أَذِيَّةٌ.) Also (assumed tropical:) The slaying unexpectedly, (S,) or the fighting, (O, K,) of an army, without the permission of the commander: (S, O, K: [omitted in one of my copies of the S:]) or the alighting of an army among a people, and eating of the produce of their fields without knowledge (Sh, O, TA) of the commander: (O:) or an army's oppressing, or assaulting, those by whom they pass, whether Muslims, or unbelievers with whom terms of peace have been made, and afflicting them in respect of their women under covert and their possessions by conduct not permitted to them. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A debt, fine, or mulct, which one is obliged to pay: and a fine for homicide: (K, TA:) thus expl. by Mohammad Ibn-Is-hák Ibn-Yesár: (TA:) or a thing that one dislikes, or hates, relating to fines for homicide; of the measure مَفْعَلَةٌ from عَرٌّ signifying “ mange,” or “ scab. ” (Th, TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) The changing of the face in colour by reason of anger: (O, K, TA:) Az says that it is thus mentioned by Abu-l-'Abbás with teshdeed to the ر: but if it be from تَمَعَّرَ وَجْهُهُ, not from العَرُّ, it is without teshdeed. (O, TA.) مَعْرُورٌ: see عَارٌّ. b2: Also, with ة, applied to a palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ), [and to land (أَرْضٌ),] Dunged with عُرَّة [q. v.]. (TA.) b3: And, without ة, (assumed tropical:) A man sullied, or bespattered, with evil; or aspersed: (S, Msb:) and wronged, or treated unjustly or injuriously; and reviled; and deprived of his property. (TA.) مُعْتَرٌّ One who addresses, or applies, himself to obtain favour, or bounty, without asking; (I'Ab, S, O, * Msb, K;) one who comes to another, and seeks his favour, or bounty; or seeking his favour, or bounty; as also ↓ عَارٌّ: or one who goes round about another, seeking to obtain what the latter has, whether asking him or not asking. (TA.) And A guest visiting. (Msb.) And A poor man. (K, TA.) It occurs in the Kur xxii. 37: accord. to some, having the last of these meanings: accord. to others, the first thereof. (TA.)

تم

تم

1 تَمَّ الشَّىْءُ, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (T, M, K,) inf. n. تَمَامٌ, (T, S,) or تِمَامٌ, (M,) or both, and تُمَامٌ, (K,) and تَمَامَةٌ (M, K) and تِمَامَةٌ, (K,) and تمُّ and تَمٌّ and تُمٌّ, (M, K,) of which last three forms the first is said to be the most chaste, (TA,) [The thing was, or became, complete, entire, whole, or full; i. e., without, or free from, deficiency: and sometimes, the thing was, or became, consummate, or perfect; which latter signification is more properly expressed by كَمَلَ:] accord. to the author of the K, as is shown in art. كمل, and accord. to some others, تَمَامٌ and كَمَالٌ are syn.; but several authors make a distinction between them: the former is said to signify a thing's being, or becoming, without, or free from, deficiency; and the latter, to signify تمام and something more, as, for instance, goodliness, and excellence, essential or accidental; though each is sometimes used in the sense of the other: or, as some say, the former necessarily implies previous deficiency; but the latter does not: (MF, TA:) or, accord. to El-Harállee, the latter signifies the attaining to the utmost point, or degree, in every respect: or, as Ibn-El-Kemál says, when one says of a thing كَمَلَ, he means that what was desired of it became realized. (TA.) [See also تَمَامٌ, below.] You say, تَمَّ خَلْقُهُ [His make, or formation, was, or became, complete, or perfect; he (a child or the like, and a man,) was, or became, fully formed or developed, or complete in his members; and he (a man) was, or became, full-grown]: (TA:) [whence, probably,] تَمَّ الشَّىْءُ [as meaning] The thing became strong and hard. (Msb.) and تَمَّ القَمَرُ, (T, S, Msb,) or ↓ اتمّ, (M, K,) The moon became full, so that it shone brightly. (M, K) And, of her who is pregnant, تَمَّتْ أَيَّامُ حَمْلِهَا [The days of her gestation became complete]. (S.) b2: تَمَّ إِلَى كَذَا He reached, attained, arrived at, or came to, such a thing; as, for instance, eminence or nobility, or the means of acquiring eminence or nobility. (TA.) b3: تَمَّ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا, and إِلَيْهِ ↓ اتمّ, He repaired, or betook himself, to, or towards, such a place; he went to it. (Har p. 508.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, فَبَاتَ بِجَمْعٍ ثُمَّ تَمَّ إِلَى مِنًى

[which may be rendered And he passed the night in Jema (a name of El-Muzdelifeh): then he repaired, or went, to Minè; there completing the ceremonies of the pilgrimage; wherefore ISd says,] I think that, by تمّ, [or rather تمّ الى منى,] he means he completed his pilgrimage. (M.) b4: تَمَّ بِهِ, and تَمَّ عَلَيْهِ: see their syn. اتمّهُ (4). b5: [Hence,] تَمَّ عَلَيْهِ He performed it, or executed it; he accomplished it; namely, an affair; a fast; a purpose, or an intention. (Mgh.) b6: And He persevered in it; (Mgh, TA;) as also تَمَمَ عَلَيْهِ, without teshdeed, as in the phrase إِنْ تَمَمَتْ عَلَى

مَا أُرِيدُ [If she persevere in what I desire], occurring in a trad.; but IAth says that the verb here means ↓ تَمَّمَتْ. (TA.) You say, تَمَّ عَلَى الإبَآءِ He persevered in refusal, or dislike, or disapproval. (Mgh.) A2: تُمَّ It was broken. (T.) b2: And i. q. بلغ [app. بُلِغَ, i. e. He was jaded, harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied]. (T.) 2 تَمَّمَهُ: see its syn. اتمّهُ; and see also 1, near the end of the paragraph. b2: He, or it, destroyed it; made it to reach its appointed term of duration. (Sh, T, K.) b3: تَمَّمَهُمْ He gave them the share of their arrow in the game called المَيْسِر; (IAar, M, K;) i. e. he gave them to eat the flesh which was their share. (M.) Accord. to Lh, التَّتْمِيمُ in the game called الميسر signifies A man's taking what has remained, so as to complete the shares, or make up their full number, when the players have diminished from the slaughtered camel [by taking their shares]. (T.) b4: تّمم عَلَى

الجَرِيحِ (tropical:) He hastened and completed the slaughter of the wounded man: or made his slaughter sure, or certain. (M, K, TA.) A2: تّمم الكَسْرُ, (M, K,) and ↓ تتمّم, (M, TA,) in the copies of the K, erroneously, تَمَّ, (TA,) [in the CK, تّمم again,] i. e. [The fracture, or the broken bone, or simply the bone,] cracked, without separating (وَلَمْ يَبِنْ): or cracked, and then separated. (M, K.) Yousay, تَمَّمَ الكَسْرَ فَتَمَّمَ and ↓ تَتَمَّمَ [He, or it, completed the fracture, or cracked the broken bone, or the bone, and it cracked, &c.]. (M.) and ↓ ظَلَعَ فُلَانٌ ثُمَّ تَتَمَّمَ, i. e. [Such a one limped, or halted, or was slightly lame: then] his lameness became complete by fracture: from تُمَّ signifying

“ it was broken: ” (T:) [or تَتَمَّمَ signifies his lameness became complete by an increased fracture, after he had had a fracture with which he was able to walk: this is what is meant by the following loose explanation:] التَّتَمُّمُ مَنْ كَانَ بِهِ كَسْرٌ يَمْشِى بِهِ ثُمَّ أَبَتَّ فَتَتَمَّمَ. (K. [In the CK, اَبَّتَ is here erroneously put for أَبَتَّ.]) A3: تمّم الَمَوْلُودَ He hung تَمَائِم, (Th, M,) or a تَمِيمَة, (K,) upon the new-born child, or young infant. (Th, M, K.) b2: تَمَّمْتُ عَنْهُ العَيْنَ I repelled from him the evil eye by hanging [upon him] the تَمِيمَة. (A, TA.) A4: تمّم also signifies He became, in the inclination of his mind, (Lth, T, M, K,) and in his opinion, and his place of abode or settlement, (Lth, T, K,) as one of the tribe of Temeem; (Lth, T, M, K;) as also ↓ تتمّم; (K, TA; [in the CK, تمّم again;]) or accord. to analogy it would be تتمّم, like تمضّر and تنزّر. (T.) And He asserted himself to be related to the tribe of Temeem. (M.) 3 مُتَامّةٌ [inf. n. of تَامَّ] The vying, or contending, with another in completeness, or perfection. (KL.) [You say, تامّهُ He vied, or contended, with him &c.]4 اتمّ, said of the moon: see 1. b2: Said of a plant, It became tall and full-grown; or became of its full height, and blossomed. (M, K.) b3: أَتَمَّتْ, said of one that is pregnant, She completed the days of her gestation: (S:) or, said of a woman and of a she-camel, (M,) she became near to bringing forth. (M, K.) b4: اتّم إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا: see 1.

A2: اتمّ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K,) or الأَمْرَ, (Mgh,) and اتمّ بِهِ, (M,) inf. n. إِتْمَامٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تمّمهُ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. تَتْمِيمٌ and تَتِمَّةٌ; (T, TA;) and ↓ استتمّهُ; (S, Mgh, K;) and بِهِ ↓ تَمَّ, and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تَمَّ; (M, K;) signify the same; (S Mgh;) i. e. جَعَلَهُ تَامَّا (M in explanation of all but the last, and K in explanation of all that are mentioned therein,) and أَكْمَلَهُ (M in explanation of the last) [He made the thing, or the affair, complete, entire, whole, or full; i. e., without, or free from, deficiency; he completed it: and sometimes, he consummated, or perfected, it]. وَأَتِمُّو الحَجَّ وَالعُمْرَةَ, in the Kur [ii. 192], means And perform ye, or accomplish ye, completely, the rites and ceremonies [of the pilgrimage and the minor pilgrimage]; (M, * Bd;) accord. to some: or, as some say, إِتْمَامُ الحَجِّ means that the money, or the like, that one expends in performing the pilgrimage should be lawfully obtained, and that one should refrain from doing what God has forbidden. (M.) And فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ, in the Kur [ii. 118], means And he performed them, or accomplished them, completely, (Bd, Jel,) and rightly: (Bd:) or he did according to them. (Fr, TA.) A3: اتمّهُ He gave him what are termed تِمَم, pl. of تِمَّةٌ, and meaning جِزَز [explained below, voce تِمَّةٌ], (M, TA,) in order that he might complete therewith his web. (TA.) [In consequence of its being misplaced in the K, this is there made to signify He gave him a تِمّ, meaning a فَأْس or a مِسْحَاة.]5 تَتَمَّّ see 2, in four places.6 تَتَامُّوا They came, [and also, accord. to Golius, app. on the authority of a gloss in a copy of the KL, they drank,] all of them, and were complete. (S, K.) One says, اِجْتَمَعُوا فَتَتَامُّوا عَشَرَةً

[They collected themselves together, and came, all of them, making altogether ten]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., تَتَامَّتْ إِلَيْهِ قُرَيْشٌ, i. e. Kureysh obeyed his call, and came to him, all of them, following one another. (TA.) 10 استتمّهُ: see 4. b2: استتّم النِّعْمَةَ He asked for the completion of the benefit, or boon, or favour. (M, K.) A2: He sought, demanded, or requested, of him what are termed تِمّم, pl. of تِمَّةٌ, and meaning جِزَز [explained below, voce تِمَّةٌ], (M, TA,) in order that he might complete therewith his web. (TA.) [In consequence of its being misplaced in the K, this is there made to signify He sought, demanded, or requested, of him a تِمّ, meaning a فَأْس or a مِسْحَاة.] R. Q. 1 تَمْتَمَةٌ is the inf. n. of تَمْتَمَ, (Msb,) and signifies The reiterating in uttering the letter ت: (Mbr, Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán,” T, S, Msb:) [if so, syn. with تَأْتَأَةٌ:] or the tongue's pronouncing indistinctly, missing the place of the letter, [i. e. the place of its pronunciation in the organs of speech,] and recurring to an utterance like ت and م, though this be not distinct: (Lth, T:) or the making the speech [or tongue] to revert [repeatedly] to ت and م: (M, K:) or the jabbering, or hurrying in one's speech, so as hardly, or not at all, to make a person understand: (M:) or the uttering in such a manner that one's speech proceeds rapidly to the roof of his mouth. (M, K.) تَمٌّ an inf. n. of 1, in the first of the senses explained above. (M, K.) See تَمَامٌ, in two places.

A2: See also تِمَّةٌ.

تُمٌّ an inf. n. of 1, in the first of the senses explained above. (M, K.) See تَمَامٌ, in two places.

تِمٌّ an inf. n. of 1, in the first of the senses explained above. (M, K.) See تَمَامٌ, in five places: b2: and تَامٌّ, in three places.

A2: Also i. q. فَأْسٌ [app. here meaning A kind of hoe]: (IAar, T, K:) or i. q. مِسْحَاةٌ [a spade, or a shovel]: (K:) pl. تِمَمَةٌ (IAar, T,) or تِمَمٌ. (So in the TA.) تُمَّةٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

تِمَّةٌ (M, K) and ↓ تُمَّةٌ (TA) [the former written in the CK تَمَّةٌ] sings. of تِمَمٌ (M, K, TA) and تُمَمٌ, (K, TA,) or ↓ تَمَمٌ, which [ISd says] I think to be a quasi-pl. n., (M,) or ↓ تَمٌّ is the quasipl. n.: (K:) these, i. e. the pls. and quasi-pl. n., signify Shorn crops (جِزَز [in the CK جِزَر, for which Golius appears to have found حِرْز, for he has rendered it by “ amuletum,” and Freytag has done the same,]) of شَعَر [meaning goats' hair], and of camels' hair, and of wool, (M, K, TA,) of that wherewith a woman [or a man] completes her [or his] web: (TA:) and ↓ تُمَّةٌ signifies what is given, of wool, or camel's hair, [or goats' hair,] (S, TA, [and mentioned also in the K, but there, by misplacement, made to relate to تِمٌّ instead of تِمَّةٌ,]) for a man to complete therewith the weaving of his كِسَآء; (S;) as also ↓ تُمَّى. (K, * TA.) تُمَّى: see تِمَّةٌ.

تَمَمٌ: see تَامٌّ, in four places: A2: and see also تِمَّةٌ.

تَمَامٌ (T, S, K) and ↓ تِمَامٌ (M, K) and ↓ تُمَامٌ (K) inf. ns. of 1, in the first of the senses explained above; (T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ تِمٌّ and ↓ تَمٌّ and ↓ تُمٌّ. (M, K.) [Hence,] ↓ وَلَدَتْهُ لِتِمٍّ and ↓ لِتِمَامٍ and لِتَمَامٍ She brought him forth at the completion of formation; (K, TA;) i. e., when his formation was complete: (TA:) [or, at the completion of gestation:] and, accord. to As, وَلَدَتْهُ التَّمَامَ, with the art. ال; not indeterminate, except in poetry. (IB, TA.) And وَلَدَتْ لِتَمَامٍ and ↓ لِتِمَامٍ [She brought forth at the completion of formation; or, of gestation]. (S.) And أَلْقَتِ الوَلَدَ لِغَيْرِ تَمَامٍ and ↓ تِمَامٍ [She cast the child at a period not that of the completion of formation; or, of gestation; i. e., prematurely]. (Msb.) And وُلِدَ المَوْلُودُ لِتَمَامٍ and ↓ لِتِمَامٍ [The infant was born at the completion of formation; or, of gestation]. (T, * S.) And وُلِدَ الوَلَدُ لِتَمَامِ الحَمْلِ and الحَمْلِ ↓ لِتِمَامِ [The child was born at the completion of gestation]. (Msb.) [These exs., and others following, show that an assertion of IDrd, mentioned in the M, namely, that one says, ↓ وُلِدَ الغُلَامُ لِتِمٍّ and ↓ لِتِمَامٍ, and ↓ بَدْرُ تِمَامٍ, and that in every other case it is تَمَام, with fet-h, requires consideration.] You say also, بَدْرُ تَمَامٍ and ↓ تِمَامٍ [lit. The full moon of completion]: and ↓ بَدْرٌ تِمَامٌ [lit. A complete full moon]: all meaning the moon, or a moon, when it is full, so that it shines brightly: (M, K:) and قَمَرٌ تَمَامٌ and ↓ تِمَامٌ A complete, or full, moon. (S.) and لَيْلَةُ التَّمَامِ and لَيْلَةُ تَمَامِ القَمَرِ, with fet-h to the ت, (ISh, T,) or ↓, لَيلَةُ التِّمَامِ with kesr, [which seems to be at variance with general usage,] and sometimes with fet-h, (Msb,) [The night of the completion of the moon; i. e.] the night of the full moon; (ISh, T, Msb;) which is the thirteenth night; (ISh, T;) or the fourteenth. (T.) and ↓ لَيْلُ التِّمَامِ, with kesr only, (T, S, M, K, &c.,) thus distinguished from what next precedes, (ISh, T,) as also ↓ لَيْلُ تِمَامٍ, and in like manner, لَيْلٌ

↓ تِمَامٌ (T) and ↓ لَيْلٌ تِمَامِىٌّ, (T, K,) The longest night of the year; (Lth, T, S;) the longest night of winter; (As, ISh, T, M, K;) that in which our Lord Jesus was born: (As, T:) or each of three nights of which no deficiency is apparent: (Lth, T, M, K:) or the night that is from thirteen to fifteen hours in length: (Aboo-'Amr EshSheybánee, T:) or the night that is twelve hours or more in length: (AA, T, M, K:) and any night that is long, or tedious, to one, and in which one does not sleep, is called ↓ لَيْلَةُ التِّمَامِ, or said to be like the night thus called. (IAar, T.) and الشَّهْرِ ↓ رُئِىَ الهِلَالُ لِتِمِّ [The new moon was seen at the completion of the month; showing that another month was commencing]. (T.) and ↓ أَبَى قَائِلُهَا إِلَّا تِمًّا and ↓ تَمًّا and ↓ تُمًّا, (S, M,) three dial. vars., of which the first is the most chaste, i. e., تَمَامًا [meaning The sayer thereof refused, or did not consent to, aught save completion]; he executed, or accomplished, or kept to, his saying; he did not go back from it. (S, TA.) b2: تَمَامٌ (with fet-h only, Az, AAF, M) also signifies The complement of a thing; the supplement thereof; the thing by the addition of which is effected the completion or perfection of a thing; (Az, T, AAF, M, K;) and so ↓ تَمَامَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ تَتِمَّةٌ. (T, M, K.) You say, هٰذِهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ تَمَامُ هٰذِهِ المِائَةِ, and هذه المائة ↓ تَتِمَّةُ, These dirhems are the complement of this hundred; or, what complete this hundred. (T.) [And ↓ تَتِمَّةُ كِتَابٍ The supplement of, or to, a book.] b3: See also تَامٌّ, in two places.

تُمَامٌ: see تَمَامٌ, first sentence.

تِمَامٌ: see تَمَامٌ, throughout the greater part of the paragraph: b2: and see also تَامٌّ.

تَمِيمٌ Strong; firm; hard: (A'Obeyd, T, S, M, Msb, K:) or strong in make, or formation: (TA:) or complete, or perfect, in make, or formation, and strong: (M:) applied to a man and to a horse: (M, TA:) fem. with ة. (TA.) See also تَامٌّ. b2: Also Tall; (T;) applied to a man. (TA.) A2: See also تَمِيمَةٌ.

تَمَامَةٌ: see تَمَامٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

تُمَامَةٌ A remainder, or remaining portion, (K,) of anything. (TA.) تَمِيمَةٌ A kind of amulet (عُوذَةٌ, T, S) which is hung upon a human being; forbidden to be worn: (S:) or a kind of bead: (S, Mgh:) erroneously imagined by some to be the same as مَعَاذَةٌ: (El-Kutabee, Mgh:) but as to the مَعَاذَات that are inscribed with something from the Kur-án, or with the names of God, in these there is no harm: (S, Mgh:) a speckled bead, black speckled with white, or the reverse, which is strung upon a thong, and tied to the neck: (M, K:) sing. of تَمَائِمُ and [n. un. of] ↓ تَمِيمٌ: (T, M, K:) تَمَائِمُ signifies certain beads which the Arabs of the desert used to hang upon their children, to repel, as they asserted, the evil eye: (T, Mgh:) or the تَمِيمَة is, accord. to some, a necklace (قِلَادَة) upon which are put thongs and amulets (عُوَذ): (M:) or a necklace (قِلَادَة) of thongs: and is sometimes applied to the amulet (عُوذَة) that is hung upon the necks of children: (T:) but he who makes تمائم to signify thongs is in error: El-Farezdak uses the phrase سُيُورُ التَّمَائِمِ because they are beads which are perforated, and into which are inserted thongs or strings whereby they are suspended: (T, Mgh:) Az says, I have not found among the Arabs of the desert any difference of opinion respecting the تميمة, as to its being the bead itself: (TA:) but accord. to En-Nakha'ee, the Prophet disapproved of everything hung upon a child or grown person, and said that all such things were تمائم: (Mgh:) the تميمة is [said to be] thus called because by it the condition of the child is rendered complete. (Har p. 22.) تِمَامِىٌّ: see تَمَامٌ.

تَمْتَامٌ One whose utterance is such as is termed تَمْتَمَةٌ: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) [see R. Q. 1: accord. to most authorities,] one who reiterates in uttering the letter ت: (S, Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to Az, one who jabbers, or hurries in his speech, so as not to make another understand: (Mgh, Msb:) fem. with ة. (M, K.) تَامٌّ [part. n. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above]: (T, M, K, &c.:) Complete, entire, whole, or full; without, or free from, deficiency: and consummate, or perfect: (MF, TA:) as also ↓ تَمَامٌ, [which see above,] (M, * KL,) [and ↓ تِمَامٌ, of which see three exs. voce تَمَامٌ,] and ↓ تِمٌّ, (Kh, T, Har p. 82,) and ↓ تَمَمٌ. (TA.) Thus تَامُّ الخَلْقِ signifies Complete, or perfect, in make, or formation; without any deficiency in his members; applied to a man; (MF, TA;) [and, thus applied, signifying also full-grown, as does, sometimes, تَامٌّ alone: and likewise applied to a new-born child, meaning fully formed or developed:] and ↓ تَمِيمٌ signifies the same, (M, K,) applied to a man and to a horse, (M,) and ↓ تَمَمٌ also; and in like manner is used the phrase ↓ خَلْقٌ تَمَمٌ [a complete, or perfect, make or formation]. (TA.) جَذَعٌ تَامٌّ [applied to a goat] signifies That has completed the time in which he is termed جَذَع, and attained to that in which he is termed تَيْس. (TA.) And ↓ تَمَمٌ is applied to a bull, or an ox, That is in the stage of growth next before that in which all his teeth are grown; in which latter stage he is termed عَمَمٌ. (L voce عَضْبٌ, on the authority of Et-Táïfee.) You say also كَلِمَةٌ تَامَّةٌ, and دَعْوَهٌ تَامَّةٌ; [meaning A perfect, or faultless, sentence, and oath;] using the epithet تامّة in these instances because of the mention of God therein; for which reason there may not be in aught of either of them any deficiency or defect. (TA.) And ↓ جَعَلَهُ تِمًّا i. e. ↓ تَمَامًا [He made it complete, or perfect]. (M.) And ↓ جَعَلْتُهُ لَكَ تِمًّا I made it, or have made it, to be thine, or I assigned it, or have assigned it, to thee, completely, or wholly. (T.) b2: [Hence, فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ meaning A complete, i. e. an attributive, verb: opposed to فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ.]

تَتِمَّةٌ: see تَمَامٌ, in three places, at the close of the paragraph.

مُتَمٌّ The place of cutting, or termination, (مُنْقَطَع, in the CK مُنْقَطِع,) of the vein (عِرْق [app. meaning chord]) of the navel. (K.) مُتِمٌّ, applied to one that is pregnant, (S,) or to a woman, (M, TA,) and a she-camel, (M,) That has completed the days of her gestation: (S:) or that is near to bringing forth: (M:) or that is at the point of bringing forth. (TA.) مُتَمِّمٌ One whose arrow wins time after time [in the game called المَيْسِر], and who feeds the poor with the flesh [of the camel which constitutes the shares] thereof: (M, K:) or who, when players in the game called الميسر have diminished the slaughtered camel [by taking their shares], takes what has remained, so as to complete the shares, or make up their full number. (K. [See 2. In the CK, نَقَصَ اِيْسارَ جَزُوْرِ المَيْسِرِ is erroneously put for نَقَصَ أَيْسَارٌ جَزُورَ المَيْسِرِ.]) الجَهَالَةُ المُسْتَتَمَّةُ Consummate ignorance: improperly written المُسْتَتِمَّةُ, though this latter is explainable [as meaning that completes the extent to which it can go, or the like]. (Mgh.) مُسْتَتِمٌّ One who seeks, demands, or requests, wool, or camels' hair, to complete therewith the weaving of his كِسَآء: so in a poem of Aboo-Duwád, (S,) where he says, فَهْىَ كَالبَيْضِ فِى الأَدَاحِىِّ لَا يُوْ هَبُ مِنْهَا لِمُسْتَتِمٍّ عِصَامُ i. e., And they (referring to certain camels) are, in respect of the care that is taken of them, and in smoothness, like the eggs [in the places where the ostrich has deposited them in the sand]; there may not be found upon them to be given from them, to one who demands a تِمَّة, [even so much as] a tie for a water-skin; for they have become fat, and cast their hair. (TA.)

دق

دق

1 دَقَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. دِفَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) It (a thing, S) was, or became, دَقِيق, which means the contr. of غَلِيظ; as also ↓ استدقّ: (S, K:) [i. e. it was, or became, thin as meaning slender, or small in diameter or circumference as compared with length: also small in all dimensions; small in size; minute, or fine, either as a whole, or in its component particles: and sometimes, as said of a garment or the like, thin, or fine, as opposed to thick or coarse; like رَقَّ:] contr. of غَلُظَ: (Msb:) ↓ استدقّ is said of the هِلَال [or moon a little after or before the change], and of other things. (TA.) [See also رِقَّةٌ.] b2: and [hence], aor. and inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He, or it, was, or became, little in estimation, paltry, inconsiderable, mean, vile, or contemptible. (TA.) One says to him who refuses to confer a benefit, دَقَّ بِكَ خُلُقُكَ (assumed tropical:) [Thy nature, or natural disposition, hath rendered thee mean, &c.; the verb being made trans. by بِ, agreeably with a common usage mentioned in p. 141]. (TA.) b3: Also, [aor. and] inf. n. as above, said of a thing, an affair, or a case, [and of speech, or language,] (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, subtile, nice, abstruse, recondite, or obscure. (Msb.) And you say, دَقَّ فِى كَلَامِهِ (tropical:) [He was, or became, subtile, nice, abstruse, &c., in his speech, or language]. (TA.) A2: دَقَّهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. دَقٌّ, (M, Msb,) He broke it, (M, K, TA,) or crushed it, (M,) in any manner: (M, TA:) or he bruised, brayed, or pounded, it; i. e., he beat it with a thing so that he broke it, or crushed it: (M, K: *) namely, a thing, (S, M, TA,) such as medicine, &c. (TA.) b2: [And hence, He beat it; namely, a garment or the like; in washing and whitening it. and دَقَّ البَابَ He knocked at the door for admission.]

b3: And [hence also, (in the CK, erroneously, “ or,”) as appears from what follows,] (assumed tropical:) He made it apparent; showed, exhibited, manifested, or revealed, it: (K:) so says IAar, citing the following verse of Zuheyr: تَدَارَكْتُمَا عَبْسًا وَذُبْيَانَ بَعْدَمَا تَفَانَوْا وَدَقُّوا بَيْنَهُمْ عِطْرَ مَنْشِمِ (TA:) i. e. Ye two repaired the condition of the tribes of 'Abs and Dhubyán by peace, (تَلَافَيْتُمَا

أَمْرَهُمَا بِالصُّلْحِ,) after they had shared, one with another, in destruction, and had brayed [among themselves] the perfume of Menshim as a sign of their having leagued together against their enemy; i. e., after slaughter had come upon the last of their men, as upon the last of those who perfumed themselves with the perfume of Menshim: for [it is said that] منشم is the name of a woman who sold perfume in Mekkeh, and a party bought of her some perfume, and leagued together to fight their enemy, making the dipping of their hands in that perfume to be a sign of their league; and they fought until they were slain to the last of them: whence the prov., أَشْأَمُ مِنْ عِطْرِ مَنْشِمَ: (EM p. 117:) [so that, accord. to this explanation, which is one of many, منشم is made perfectly decl. for the sake of the rhyme:] or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) after they had manifested enmities and faults. (TA.) One says also, in cases of enmity, لَأَدُقَّنَّ شُعُورَكَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) I will assuredly manifest thy circumstances. (TA.) A3: دُقَّ, inf. n. دَقٌّ and دِقٌّ, He was seized with the malady termed دِقّ [i. e. hectic fever]. (MA.) 2 دقّق, (K,) inf. n. تَدْقِيقٌ, (S,) He bruised, brayed, or pounded, finely; he comminuted, or pulverized; syn. أَنْعَمَ الدَّقَّ. (S, K.) This is the primary signification. (TA.) b2: And hence, (assumed tropical:) [He made a minute examination. b3: And He spoke, or expressed himself, and] he proved a question, or a problem, in a subtile, nice, abstruse, recondite, or obscure, manner. (El-Munáwee, TA.) b4: See also 4.3 داقّ صَاحِبَهُ الحِسَابَ, inf. n. مُدَاقَّةٌ, (tropical:) [He was minute, observant of small things, nice, or scrupulous, with his companion in the reckoning; and so داقّهُ فِى الحِسَابِ;] (JK, K, TA;) he reckoned with his companion with minuteness: (TK:) it signifies an act between two. (TA.) [and داقّهُ فِى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He was minute, &c., with him in the affair, or case.] المُدَاقَّةُ فِى الأَمْرِ signifies ↓ التَّدَاقُّ; (S;) which is an instance of تَفَاعُلٌ from الدِّقَّةُ: (Sgh, K:) you say, ↓ تَدَاقَّا, meaning (assumed tropical:) They were minute, &c., each with the other. (TK.) You say also, داقّ النَّظَرَ فِى مُعَامَلَاتِهِ وَنَفَقَاتِهِ [He examined minutely into his dealings and his expenses]. (TA in art. دنق.) b2: and [hence] مُدَاقَّةٌ, metonymically, signifies (tropical:) The being niggardly, stingy, or avaricious. (Az, TA in art. دنق.) 4 ادقّهُ He made, or rendered, it (a thing, S, M) دَقِيق [i. e. thin, or slender, &c.]; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ دقّقهُ. (S, M.) b2: And He gave him a small thing: (S, TA:) or he gave him little: (S in art. جل:) or (tropical:) he gave him a sheep, or goat; (M;) or sheep, or goats. (K, TA.) You say, أَتَيْتُهُ فَمَا أَدَقَّنِى وَلَا أَجَلَّنِى (S, M) I came to him, and he gave me not a small thing, nor gave he me a great thing: (S in the present art.:) or he gave me not little, nor gave he me much: (S in art. جل:) or he gave me not a sheep, or goat, nor gave he me a camel. (M.) b3: and ادقّت, said of the eye, It shed few tears; opposed to اجلّت; as in the saying of El-Fak'asee cited in art. جل. (S * and TA voce أَجَلَّ, q. y.) A2: And ادقّ (assumed tropical:) He pursued little, paltry, or mean, things. (TA.) 6 تَدَاْقَّ see 3, in two places.7 اندقّ It (a thing, S, M, TA, such as medicine, &c., TA) was, or became, broken, (M, K, TA,) or crushed, (M,) in any manner: (M, TA:) or bruised, brayed, or pounded; i. e. beaten with a thing so that it was broken, or crushed: (M, K: *) quasi-pass. of دَقَّهُ. (S, M, K.) 10 إِسْتَدْقَ3َ see 1, first sentence, in two places. استدقّ نُحُولُهَا means Her thinness increased in thinness. (Ham p. 33.) دِقٌّ: see دَقِيقٌ, in nine places. b2: Hence, حُمَّى

الدِّقِّ [Hectic fever; so termed in the present day]; that is, from دِقٌّ as signifying the contr. of غَلِيظٌ. (S.) A2: دِقٌّ in measuring, relating to the thing measured, is The being broken, crushed, or bruised, in the measure, so as to become close, or compact. (TA.) A3: Also (tropical:) Niggardliness, stinginess, or avarice; the condition of him in whom is little, or no good. (M, TA.) دُقَّةٌ Soft dust swept by the wind (S, K) from the ground: pl. دُقَقٌ: (S:) or dust swept from the ground; as also ↓ دُقَاقَةٌ: (TA:) or دُقَقُ التُّرَابِ signifies fine dust; and دُقَّةٌ is its sing.: (M:) or, accord. to IB, the sing. of دُقَقٌ is ↓ دُقَّى, like as the sing. of جُلَلٌ is جُلَّى. (TA.) b2: Also Seeds that are used in cooking, for seasoning food, (IDrd, M, K,) bruised, or brayed, (M,) and what are mixed therewith; (IDrd;) such as are termed قَزْح, and the like: all such seeds of the cooking-pot are called دُقَّة by the people of Mekkeh: (IDrd, Sgh:) and salt with such seeds mixed therewith: (M, K:) this is the application now commonly obtaining: (TA:) or salt alone: (M:) or salt bruised, or brayed: (Lth, K:) whence the saying, مَا لَهُ دُقَّةٌ He has not salt. (Lth, M, K. *) b3: And [hence,] (tropical:) Beauty, or prettiness: (M, K, TA:) whence the phrase اِمْرَأَةٌ لَا دُقَّةَ لَهَا, (M,) or قَلِيلَةُ الدُّقَّةِ, (K,) or مَا لَهَا دُقَّةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) A woman who is not beautiful, or pretty; (M, K; *) who has not beauty, or prettiness. (TA.) b4: Also A certain ornament (حَلْىٌ) of the people of Mekkeh. (K.) b5: And The small, or young, (حَشْو,) of camels. (TA.) دِقَّةٌ inf. n. of the intrans. verb دَقَّ [q. v.]. (S, Msb, K.) [As a simple subst.,] The state, or condition, or quality, of that which is termed دِقٌّ [and دَقِيقٌ; properly and tropically: i. e., it signifies slenderness, &c.]: and smallness, littleness, or the like; [properly and tropically;] contr. of عِظَمٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) Littleness in estimation, paltriness, inconsiderableness, meanness, vileness, or contemptibleness. (K, TA.) b3: [And (assumed tropical:) Subtileness, niceness, abstruseness, reconditeness, or obscureness.]

دَقَقَةٌ [pl. of ↓ دَاقٌّ, agreeably with analogy,] Persons who manifest, or reveal, the faults, or vices, of the Muslims. (IAar, K.) دُقَاقٌ What is broken, or crushed; or bruised, brayed, or pounded; of a thing; as also ↓ دُقَاقَةٌ: (M:) broken particles of anything: (JK, K:) and [particularly] fragments, or broken pieces, of branches; as also ↓ دِقَاقٌ. (K.) b2: See also مَدْقُوقٌ [with which it is sometimes syn.]: b3: and see دَقِيقٌ.

دِقَاقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَقُوقٌ A certain medicine (JK, M, K) for the eye, (JK, K,) bruised, brayed, or pounded, (JK, M, K,) and then sprinkled (JK, M) therein. (JK.) دَقِيقٌ contr. of غَلِيظٌ (JK, * S, M, * Msb, K) and جَلِيلٌ; (Msb;) as also ↓ دُقَاقٌ and ↓ دِقٌّ; (S, K;) the last contr. of جِلٌّ: (JK, S, M:) [i. e. Slender, or small in diameter or circumference as compared with length: also small in all dimensions; small in size; minute, or fine, either as a whole, or in its component particles: and sometimes, as applied to a garment or the like, thin, or fine, as opposed to thick or coarse; like رَقِيقٌ: but properly,] دَقِيقٌ differs from رَقِيقٌ; the former signifying the contr. of غَلِيظٌ [as stated above], and the latter, the contr. of ثَخِينٌ: therefore one says حَسًا رَقِيقٌ and حَسًا ثَخِينٌ [“ thin soup ” and “ thick soup ”], but not حَسًا دَقِيقٌ; and one says سَيْفٌ دَقِيقُ المَضْرِبِ [a sword thin in the edge, or in the part next the point]; and رُمْحٌ دَقِيقٌ [a slender spear]; and غُصْنٌ دَقِيقٌ [a slender branch]; and حَبْلٌ دَقِيقٌ [a slender rope]: (IB, TA:) pl. [of mult. دِقَاقٌ and of pauc.] أَدِقَّةٌ. (Msb.) One says, وَلَا جِلٌّ ↓ مَا لَهُ دِقٌّ [He has neither slender, or small, or fine, nor thick, or great, or coarse]; i. e. دَقِيقٌ وَلَا جَلِيلٌ. (S in art. جل.) And أَخَذْتُ وَجِلَّهُ ↓ دِقَّهُ [I took the slender, &c., thereof, and the thick, &c., thereof]; like as one says, اخذت قَلِيلَهُ وَ كَثِيرَهُ. (S in the present art.) And it is said in a trad., وَجِلَّهُ ↓ اَللّٰهُمَّ اغْفِرْلِى ذَنْبِى كُلَّهُ دِقَّهُ [O God, forgive me all my sin, the small thereof and the great thereof]. (TA.) ↓ شَجَرٌ دِقٌّ meansShrubs, bushes, or small trees: (M:) opposed to شَجَرٌ جِلٌّ. (Lth in art. جل, and Mgh in art. بقل.) Accord. to AHn, ↓ دِقٌّ signifies Plants that are slender and soft to the camels, so that the weak of the camels, and the young, and such as has its teeth worn down to the sockets, and the sick, eat them: or, as some say, their small leaves: (M:) or slender and long leaves of the أَرَاك: and grain trodden out but not winnowed: pl. أَدْقَاقٌ. (JK.) And ↓ حُلَلُ دِقٍّ means Thin, or fine, [garments, or dresses, of the kind called]

حُلَل; opposed to حُلَلُ جِلٍّ: (Mgh:) or ↓ دِقٌّ signifies the contr. of جِلٌّ as applied to carpets, and to the garments called أَكْسِيَة [pl. of كِسَآء] and the like, and to the [cloth called] حِلْس, and to the mat and the like. (TA in art. جَل.) b2: [Hence,] دَقِيقٌ is also applied to a thing, an affair, or a case, as meaning (assumed tropical:) Little in estimation, paltry, inconsiderable, mean, vile, or contemptible; in this case, contr. of جَلِيلٌ: (IB, TA:) and means also (tropical:) niggardly, stingy, or avaricious; (M, TA;) in whom is little, or no, good; (M, K, TA;) applied to a man: (M:) pl. [of pauc.] أَدِقَّةٌ and [of mult.] دِقَاقٌ and أَدِقَّآءُ. (TA.) b3: Also, applied to a thing, an affair, or a case, (assumed tropical:) Subtile, nice, abstruse, recondite, or obscure: (M, K, TA:) [applied likewise to speech; and so ↓ دِقٌّ:] you say, جَآءَ بِكَلَامٍ دِقٍّ and دَقِيقٍ (tropical:) [He uttered subtile, nice, abstruse, recondite, or obscure, speech]. (TA.) b4: [The fem.]

↓ دقيقة [used as a subst.] signifies (tropical:) Small cattle; i. e. sheep or goats; opposed to جَلِيلَةٌ (JK, K, TA) which signifies camels: (JK, TA:) pl. دَقَائِقُ. (TA.) You say, مَا لَهُ دَقِيقَةٌ وَلَا جَلِيلَةٌ (tropical:) He has neither sheep, or goats, nor camels: (TA:) or neither a sheep, or goat, nor a she-camel. (M.) And كَمْ دَقِيقَتُكَ (tropical:) How many are thy sheep, or goats? (TA.) And هُوَ رَاعِى

الدَّقَائِقِ (tropical:) He is the pastor of sheep, or goats. (TA.) And أَعْطَاهُ مِنْ دَقَائِقِ المَالِ (tropical:) [He gave him of the small cattle]. (TA.) b5: Also, [i. e.

↓ دَقِيقَةٌ,] as a conventional term of the astronomer, (assumed tropical:) [A minute of a circle;] the sixtieth [in the O, and in some copies, app. most, of the K, erroneously, “thirtieth,” as remarked by MF and SM and others,] part of a دَرَجَة [or degree of a circle: pl. دَقَائِقُ, as above]. (K, TA.) b6: ↓ [And (assumed tropical:) A minute of time; the fourth part of a دَرَجَة (or degree) of time: pl. as above. b7: ↓ دَقِيقَةٌ is also sing. of دَقَائِقُ as syn. with مَدَاقٌّ, q. v.]

A2: دَقِيقٌ signifies also Flour, or meal, (S, M, Msb, K, &c.,) of wheat &c.; (Msb;) [thus used as a subst.; as though] in the sense of مَدْقُوقٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: [Hence, Farina,] You say, جَرَى الدَّقِيقُ فِى السُّنْبُلِ [The farina pervaded the ears of wheat]. (L in art. قمح.) And حَمَلَ الدَّقِيقَ [It bore farina] is said of seed-produce [or corn]. (TA in art. حنق. [See 4 in that art.]) دُقَاقَةٌ: see دُقَّةٌ: and دُقَاقٌ.

دَقُوقَةٌ Bulls, or cows, and asses, that tread, or thrash, wheat or grain. (JK, M, K.) دَقِيقَةٌ: see دَقِيقٌ, in four places, in the latter part of the paragraph.

دَقِيقِىٌّ, (M, L, TA,) or ↓ دَقَّاقٌ, (O, K,) but the latter is disallowed by Sb, (M, L,) A seller of دَقِيق, i. e. flour, or meal. (M, O, L, K, TA.) دُقَّى: see دُقَّةٌ.

دَقَّاقٌ One who breaks [or crushes] much, in any manner; or who bruises, brays, or pounds, much. (TA.) b2: See also دَقِيقِىٌّ.

دَقَّاقَةٌ [in the CK, erroneously, دَقَاقَة,] A thing with which one breaks or crushes, or bruises, brays, or pounds, rice (Ibn-'Abbád, M, K) and the like. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) دَقْدَقَةٌ an onomatopœia, (S, M,) The sounds of the hoofs of horses or similar beasts, (JK, S, M, K, TA,) with quick reiteration; like طَقْطَقَةٌ. (S, TA.) And The cries, shouts, noises, or clamour, or the confusion of cries &c., of men. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, K.) دَقْدَاقٌ Small gibbous tracts of sand heaped up. (El-Mufaddal, K.) دَاقٌّ: see دَقَقَةٌ.

أَدَقُّ [More, and most, دَقِيق, i. e. slender, &c. See an ex. in a prov. cited voce خَيْطٌ].

مَدَقُّ [A place of breaking or crushing, or of bruising, braying, or pounding]. [Hence,] مَدَقُّ الحَوَافِرِ The place of falling of the hoofs of horses or the like [upon the ground]. (Ham p. 679.) مُدُقٌّ: see what next follows, in two places.

مِدَقٌّ and ↓ مِدَقَّةٌ and ↓ مُدُقٌّ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) the last extr. (Msb, K) with respect to rule, (Msb,) one of the instances of an instrumental noun of the measure مُفْعُلٌ, (S, TA,) like مُنْخُلٌ, (Az, TA,) said by Sb to be of this form because it is a subst. like جُلْمُودٌ, (M,) A thing with which one breaks (S, * M, Mgh, * K) or crushes in any manner, (M,) or with which one bruises, brays, or pounds, i. e. beats so as to break or crush, (S, * M, Mgh, * K,) a thing, (M,) in a general sense: (Mgh:) [signifying also] the thing with which قُمَاش [or cloth of any kind] &c. are beaten: (Msb:) [also, the first, the wooden implement called مِنْدَف, by means of which, and a bow, cotton is separated and loosened: and the second, the implement with which corn is thrashed; as mentioned by Golius on the authority of ElMeydánee:] but the particular terms for the thing used by the قَصَّار [or whitener of cloth, for beating it, in washing,] are كُذِينَقٌ and بَيْزَرٌ and مِيجَنَةٌ: (Mgh:) Az says that ↓ مُدُقٌّ, with damm to the م [and د], signifies a stone with which perfume is bruised: [and in like manner it is said in the S, in one place, to mean the مِدْوَك of the seller of perfumes:] but when it is made an epithet, it is restored to the measure مِفْعَلٌ [so that you say مِدَقٌّ]: (TA:) the pl. is مَدَاقُّ: and the dim. is ↓ مُدِيُقٌّ. (S, K.) [Hence,] حَافِرٌ مُدَقٌّ A solid hoof that breaks, crushes, or bruises, things. (M, TA.) b2: Also, مِدَقٌّ, (assumed tropical:) Strong; (M, TA;) applied to a man. (TA.) مِدَقَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُدَقَّقَةٌ, meaning A kind of food, [a ball of minced meat &c., so called in the present day,] is post-classical. (Sgh, K.) مَدْقُوقٌ [Broken or crushed, in any manner; or bruised, brayed, or pounded; i. e. beaten with a thing so as to be broken, or crushed, thereby; and so ↓ دُقَاقٌ, as in a verse cited voce رَتْمٌ: and beaten, as a garment or the like in the process of washing and whitening it:] pass. part. n. of دَقَّهُ. (Msb.) A2: Also Seized with the malady termed دِقّ [i. e. hectic fever]. (MA.) مَدَاقُّ [a pl. of which the sing is not mentioned and app. is not used]. You say, يَتَتَبَّعُونَ مَدَاقَّ الأُمُورِ [and الأُمُورِ ↓ دَقَائِقَ (assumed tropical:) They pursue, or investigate, or they seek successively, time after time, or repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, gradually, step by step, or one thing after another, to obtain a knowledge of,] the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscurities, of things, affairs, or cases. (TA.) [And (assumed tropical:) They pursue, &c, the minutiæ of things, affairs, or cases: or small, or little, things &c.; for in the phrase تَتَبَّعَ مَدَاقَّ الأُمُورِ (in the S in art. سف), مداقّ الامور signifies, accord. to the PS, small, or little, things &c.] And you say, أَسَفَّ إِلَى مَدَاقِّ الكَسْبِ (assumed tropical:) [He pursued small means of gain]. (TA in art. دقع.) And أَسَفَّ إِلَى مَدَاقِّ الأُمُورِ وَأَلَائِمِهَا [lit. (assumed tropical:) He pursued small, or little, things, and the meanest, or most ignoble, thereof]; meaning he became mean, or ignoble. (M in art. سف.) مُدَيْقٌ: see مدَقٌّ, near the end of the paragraph.

مُسْتَدَقٌّ The slender, or thin, part of anything. (M, TA.) And [hence,] The fore part of the سَاعِد [or fore arm], next the wrist. (M, K.) [And The lower part of the سَاق, or shank, next the ankle.]

ط

ط alphabetical letter ط

The sixteenth letter of the alphabet; called طَآءٌ

[and طَا]; the ا of which is reduced to ى [as its radical letter]: when you spell it, you make its final letter quiescent; but when you apply an epithet to it, and make it a noun, you decline it as a noun, saying, [for instance,] هٰذِهِ طَآءٌ طَوِيلَةٌ

[This is a tall ط]: it is one of the letters termed مَجْهُورَة [or vocal, i. e. pronounced with the voice, and not with the breath only]; and of the letters termed نِطْعِيَّة, like ت and د, because originating from the نِطْع [q. v.] of the roof of the mouth. (TA.) It is substituted for the ت in the measure اِفْتَعَلَ and the forms inflected therefrom, and [sometimes] for the pronominal ت, when immediately following any of the palatal letters [ص and ض and ط and ظ]; (MF, TA;) as in [اِصْطَبَرَ and اِضْطَرَبَ and اِطَّبَعَ and اِظْطَلَمَ, for اِصْتَبَرَ and اِضْتَرَبَ and إِطْتَبَعَ and اِظْتَلَمَ; and in]

فَحَصْطُ and حِضْطُ and خَبَطُّ and حَفِظْطُ, for فَحَصْتُ and حِضْتُ and خَبَطْتُ and حَفِظْتُ; but some of the grammarians say that this [latter]

substitution is not to be made invariably; [nor is it common;] and it is said to be a dialectal peculiarity of some of the Benoo-Temeem. (TA.) It is also substituted for د: thus Yaakoob mentions, on the authority of As, مَطَّ الحُرُوفَ, for مَدَّ الحُرُوفَ: and AO, المَبْطَأُ, for المَبْدَأُ: and Aboo-'Amr Ez-Záhid, in the Yawákeet, مَا أَبْعَدَ

طَارَكَ, for مَا أَبْعَدَ دَارَكَ. (TA.)

A2: [As a numeral, it denotes Nine.]

كس

كس

1 كَسَأ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. كَسْءٌ, (TA,) He, or it, pursued, or followed, another, (S, K,) as one follows a party which he has put to flight: like كَسَعَ. (S.) b2: كَسَأَ, (K,) inf. n. كَسْءٌ, (TA,) He urged on a beast of carriage. in the track, or at the heels, of another. (K.) A2: كَسَأَ, (K,) inf. n. كَسْءٌ, (TA,) He overcame a party in litigation or the like. (K.) A3: كَسَأَ (perhaps a mistake for كَشَأَ, TA,) He smote a person with a sword. (K.) كَسْءٌ inf. n. of 1. q. v.

A2: مرَّ كَسْءٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ A part of the night passed. (K.) كُسْءٌ and ↓ كُسُوْءٌ The hinder, or latter, part of anything: pl. أَكْسَاءٌ. (S, K.) b2: كُسْءٌ الشَّهْرِ, and ↓ كُسُوْؤُهُ, The latter part of the month; its last ten days, or about that period. (TA.) b3: جَاءَ فِى كُسْءِ الشَّهْرِ, and عَلَى كُسْئِهِ, He came in the latter part, or end, of the month. (TA.) b4: جَاءَ عَلَى كُسْءِ الشَّهْرِ, and على أَكْسَائِهِ, and ↓ جِئْتُكَ عَلَى كُسَائِهِ, [in the TA written, app. by a mistake of the transcriber, على كساءه, and فِى كُسَائِهِ, [so in the TA,] He came, and I came to thee, at the end of the month, after the whole month had passed. (TA.) b5: جِئْتُ فِى

أَكْسَآءِ القَوْمِ I came among the latter of the people. (TA.) b6: مَرُّوا فِى أَكْسَآءِ المُنْهَزِمِينَ, and على أَكْسَائِهِمْ, They went at the heels of the routed party. (TA.) رَكِبَ كُسْأَهُ He fell upon the back of his neck, or head. (K.) كُسَآءٌ: see كُسْءٌ.

كُسُوْءٌ: see كُسْءٌ.

ضن

ضن

1 ضَنَّ بِهِ, (Mgh, Msb,) first Pers\. ضَنِنْتُ بِهِ, (S, Msb, *) [and one may say عَلَيْهِ, and عَنْهُ, in the place of بِهِ, (see ضَنِينٌ,)] and ضَنِنُوا occurs, in a verse of Kaanab Ibn-Umm-Sáhib, used by poetic license for ضَنُّوا, (S,) aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and ضَنَّ, (Msb,) first Pers\. ضَنَنْتُ, (S, Msb, *) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) accord to Fr, (S,) or, accord. to Th, Fr said, I have heard ضَنَنْتُ, though I have not heard أَضِنُّ, but this aor. is mentioned by Yaakoob; (TA;) inf. n. ضِنٌّ (S, Mgh, Msb, K [in the CK ضِنَانًا is erroneously put for ضِنًّا]) and ضَنٌّ (TA) and ضَنَانَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) with fet-h, (Msb, TA,) and ضِنَّةٌ, (Msb,) or this last is a simple subst.; (Mgh;) He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, stingy, or avaricious, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) of it. (S, Mgh, Msb. [See also 8.]) You say, ضَنَّ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا He was, or became, niggardly, &c., to him, of such a thing. (Mgh.) And ↓ إِنَّمَا يُضَنُّ بِالضَّنِينِ [Only he who clings is to be clung to]: a prov., meaning that you should cling to fraternizing [only] with him who clings to fraternizing with you. (Meyd, and Har p. 42.) And ضَنِنْتُ بِالمَنْزِلِ, inf. n. ضِنٌّ and ضَنَانَةٌ, [I kept tenaciously to, or] I did not quit, or relinquish, the place of alighting, or abode. (TA.) 8 اِضْطَنَّ (originally اِضْتَنَّ, TA) He (a man, TA) was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, stingy, or avaricious. (K.) [See also 1.]

ضِنٌّ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, &c.) b2: Also A thing highly esteemed, of which one is tenacious. (TA.) b3: [Hence] one says, هُوَ ضِنِّى He is the person of whose affection I am tenacious; as also ↓ ضِنَّتِى and ↓ ضَنِينِى: (TA:) or he is my particular, or special, friend, (K, TA,) مِنْ بَيْنِ

إِخْوَانِى [chosen from among my brethren]; (S, TA;) as though I appropriated him specially to myself, and were tenacious of him because of the place that he held in my estimation: as is said in the S, it is like special appropriation [of the person to oneself]. (TA.) [And as ضِنٌّ is originally an inf. n., it is used as an epithet applied to a pl. number:] it is said in a trad., إِنَّ لِلّٰهِ ضِنًّا مِنْ خَلْقِهِ يُحْيِيهِمْ فِى عَافِيَةٍ وَيُمِيتُهُمْ فِى عَافِيَةٍ, (S, TA,) or مِنْ خلقه ↓ ضَنَائِنَ, (K, * TA,) accord. to different relations thereof, (TA,) i. e. [Verily God has] specially-distinguished individuals [of his creatures, whom He causes to live in a state of freedom from disease, or from disease and trial, and whom He causes to die in a state of freedom &c.]: (K, TA:) the sing. of ضَنَائِن is ↓ ضَنِينَةٌ, of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُرلَةٌ, and meaning a thing that one specially appropriates to himself, and of which he is tenacious because of the place that it holds in his estimation. (TA.) ضِنَّةٌ an inf. n. of ضَنَّ: (Msb:) or a subst. therefrom signifying Niggardliness, tenaciousness, stinginess, or avarice: (Mgh:) or vehement niggardliness &c.; as also ↓ مَضَنَّةٌ. (TA.) b2: See also ضِنٌّ.

ضَنَنٌ Courageous, brave, or strong-hearted. (K.) ضَنِينٌ Niggardly, tenacious, stingy, or avaricious, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) بِشَىْءٍ [of a thing], (S,) or بِشَىْءٍ

نَفِيسٍ [of a thing held in high estimation]. (TA.) وَمَا هُوَ عَلَى الْغَيْبِ بِضَنِينٍ, in the Kur [lxxxi. 24], as some read it, others reading بِظَنِينٍ [q. v.], is expl. by Zj as meaning, And he is not a tenacious concealer of that which has been revealed to him: and if عَن or بِ were substituted for عَلَى, it would be correct. (TA.) b2: See also 1. b3: and see ضِنٌّ.

ضَنَانَةٌ an inf. of 1 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [Hence,] one says, هَجَمْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ بِضَنَانَتِهِمْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [I came suddenly upon the people, or party, in their close state, i. e.,] when they had not dispersed themselves. (TA.) And أَخَذْتُ الأَمْرَ بِضَنَانَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I took to the affair] in its fresh state. (TA.) ضَنِينَةٌ; and its pl. ضَنَائِنُ: see ضِنٌّ.

مَضَنَّةٌ: see ضِنَّةٌ. b2: هٰذَا عِلْقُ مَضَنَّةٍ and مَضِنَّةٍ

[the former mentioned after the latter in the S] This is a thing held in high estimation, of which one is tenacious, (S, K, TA,) and for which people vie in desire. (TA.) [See also عِرْقٌ, last sentence.]

المَضْنُونُ a name of [The compound of perfumes commonly called] الغَالِيَةُ; (Ez-Zejjájee, S, K, TA;) as also ↓ المَضْنُونَةُ; (Ez-Zejjájee, S, * TA;) which latter is said by As to be a sort of perfume; and so is the former in the A: in the M the former is said to be the oil of ben: it is thus called because one is tenacious of it. (TA.) b2: Also, (IKh, TA,) or ↓ المَضْنُونَةُ, (K, TA,) a name of The well Zemzem. (K, TA.) المَضْنُونَةُ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

حو

حو

1 حَوِىَ [originally حَوِوَ]: see what next follows.9 اِحْوَوَى, (As, S, K,) [like اِرْعَوَى, originally اِحْوَوَّ, of the measure اِفْعَلَّ, then اِحْوَوَوَ, and then اِحْوَوَى,] aor. ـْ inf. n. اِحْوِوَآءٌ, said of a horse, (As, S,) He was, or became, of the colour termed حُوَّةٌ [q. v. infrà]; as also ↓ اِحْوَاوَى, (As, S, K,) [originally اِحْوَاوَّ, of the measure اِفْعَالَّ, then اِحْوَاوَوَ, and then اِحْوَاوَى,] aor. ـْ inf. n. اِحْوِيوَآءٌ, (As, S,) or, accord. to ISd, correctly, اِحْوِيَّآءٌ, because the ى changes the و [after it] into ى, as it does in أَيَّامٌ [which is originally أَيْوَامٌ]; (TA;) and ↓ اِحْوَوَّى, (ISd, K,) [accord. to the pronunciation of the Koofees, as will be seen below, originally اِحْوَوَّوَ,] said by IB to be found thus written in some of the copies of the book of As, [that entitled كِتَابُ الفَرَسِ,] but to be a mistake, because it is agreed that there is not in the language a verb ending with three letters of the same kind except اِبْيَضَضَّ [for اِبْيَضَّ]; (TA;) and ↓ حَوِىَ, (As, S, K,) like رَضِىَ, (K,) [originally حَوِوَ,] aor. ـْ inf. n. حُوَّةٌ, (As, S,) or حَوًى; (K;) this last verb mentioned by As as used by some of the Arabs. (S.) and الأَرْضُ ↓ اِحْوَاوَتِ The land was, or became, green; as also ↓ اِحْوَوَّت; (K;) [or the latter is correctly اِحْوَوَت:] IJ says that ↓ اِحْوَاوَت is of the measure اِفْعَالَّت, [originally اِحْوَاوَّت, then احْوَاوَوَت. and then اِحْوَاوَت,] and that the Koofees say اِحْوَاوَّت and ↓ اِحْوَوَّت; but ISd says that their usage is wrong, for the Arabs say اِحْوَوَى, like اِرْعَوَى, and do not say اِحْوَوَّ. (TA.) 11 اِحْوَاوَى: see 9; for each in three places.13 اِحْوَوَّى: see 9; for each in three places.

حُوَّةٌ [A brown colour;] redness inclining to blackness: (As, S, K:) or a colour intermixed with [the blackish red termed] كُمْتَةٌ, like the rust of iron: (S:) or blackness inclining to greenness. (K.) In the lip, [The brownish colour termed]

سُمْرَةٌ; (S;) [i. e.] a colour resembling [that termed] اللَّعَسُ and اللَّمَى: (T, TA:) or a blackness in the lips; which is approved. (Ham p. 386.) أَحْوَى Of the colour termed حُوَّةٌ [q. v. suprà]: and also black: (K:) or black by reason of [intense] خُضْرَة [by which may be here meant either greenness, or dark, or ashy, dust-colour]: (TA:) applied to a horse, i. q. كُمَيْتٌ [i. e. bay] overspread with blackness; (TA;) or red in the back; (En-Nadr, TA;) or more yellow than, but nearly the same as, such as is termed أَحَمُّ, so that one swears, of such a horse, that he is أَحَمّ: (AO, TA: [see مُحْلِفٌ:]) applied to a camel, whose خُضْرَة [here meaning dark, or ashy, dust-colour] is intermixed with blackness and yellowness: (S:) applied to a man, having [a brownish colour such as is termed] سُمْرَةٌ in the lip; (S;) or having a blackness in the lips, which is approved; (Ham p. 386;) fem. حَوَّآءُ, applied to a woman, (S,) and also to a lip (شَفَةٌ) as meaning red inclining to blackness: (K:) applied to a plant, inclining to blackness by reason of its intense greenness; (K;) and such is the softest of plants: (TA:) the pl. is حُوٌّ; occurring in a trad., in which the best of horses are said to be those thus termed: (TA:) the dim. of أَحْوَى is ↓ أُحَيْوٍ, in the dial. of him who says أُسَيْوِدُ [instead of أُسَيِّدُ, dim. of أَسْوَدُ]; but there is a difference of opinion as to the form with idghám: 'Eesà Ibn-'Omar says ↓ أُحَىٌّ, making it perfectly decl., which Sb pronounces a mistake: 'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, or Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (accord. to different copies of the S,) says ↓ أُحَىٍّ, after the manner of أُحَيْوٍ, which, also, Sb disallows: Yoo says ↓ أُحَىُّ, and this, says Sb, is the regular and right form. (S.) [Hence,] بَكْرَةٌ حَوَّآءٌ A sheave of a pulley formed of black wood. (TA.) And نَمْلٌ حُوٌّ Red ants; called نَمْلُ سُلَيْمَانَ. (TA.) فَجَعَلَهُ غُثَآءً أَحْوَى, in the Kur [lxxxvii. 5], means, accord. to Fr, and hath made it (the herbage mentioned before) dried up, black by reason of oldness: or it may mean and hath made it to become غثآء [or decayed, or dried-up, leaves and stalks,] after it has been green. (TA.) أَحْوِىٌّ rel. n. of أَحْوَى. (TA.) أُحَىُّ and أُحَىٌّ and أُحَىٍّ: see أحْوَى.

أُحَيْوٍ: see أَحْوَى.

غرمل

غرمل



غُرْمُولٌ The penis, (S, O, K,) in an absolute sense: (TA:) or a large and flaccid penis before its prepuce is cut off; (K;) thus says Az: (TA:) or it is said to be of a solid-hoofed animal: but mention is made in a trad. of the غَرَامِيل of men [in relation to whom, however, it may perhaps be used in this instance by way of comparison]. (TA.)

زرفن

زرفن

Q. 1 زَرْفَنَ صُدْغَيْهِ He disposed the hair hanging down upon each of his temples in the form of a زُِرْفِين [or ring]: (S, * K:) but this is postclassical. (S.) زُرْفِينٌ and زِرْفِينٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) or the latter is the correct word, for there is no word of the measure فُعْلِيلٌ in the language, (Az, TA,) [though the former is agreeable with the Pers\. word which is the original,] A ring of a door: (Mgh, K:) or [a ring] in a general sense: (K:) pl. زَرَافِينُ, occurring in a trad. as applied to rings of a coat of mail belonging to the Prophet, by which rings it was suspended: (TA:) arabicized, (S, K,) from the Pers\. [زُرْفِينْ]. (S.) b2: The latter also signifies A company of men [app. disposed in the form of a ring]. (TA.)

نغ

نغ



نُغْنُغَةٌ

: see غُنْدُبَة, and لُغْدٌ.

النَّغَانِعُ Certain portions of flesh by the uvula. (O in art. علق.)

ب

ب alphabetical letter ب

The second letter of the alphabet: called بَآءٌ and بَا; (TA in باب الالف الليّنة;) the latter of which forms is used in spelling; like as are its analogues, as تا [and ثا] and حا [and خا and را] and طا [and ظا and فا and ها] and يا; because in this case they are not generally regarded as nouns, but as mere sounds: (Sb, M:) [these are generally pronounced with imáleh, i. e. bé, té, &c., with the exception of حا, خا, طا, and ظا; and when they are regarded as nouns, their duals are بَيَانِ, تَيَانِ, &c.:] the pl. of بَآءٌ is بَآءَاتٌ; and that of بَا is أَبْوَآءٌ (TA ubi suprà.) It is one of the letters termed مَجْهُورَه [or vocal, i. e. pronounced with the voice, and not with the breath only]; and of those termed شَفَهِيَّة [or labial]; and of those termed ذُلْق [or pronounced with the extremity of the tongue or the lips]: Kh says that the letters of the second and third classes above mentioned [the latter of which comprises the former] are those composing the words رُبَّ مَنْ لَفَّ; and on account of their easiness of utterance, they abound in the composition of words, so that no perfect quinqueliteral-radical word is without one or more of them, unless it is of the class termed مُوَلَّد, not of the classical language of the Arabs. (TA at the commencement of باب البآء.)

b2: In the dial. of Mázin, it is changed into م; (TA ubi suprà;) as in بَكَّةُ, which thus becomes مَكَّةُ [the town of Mekkeh]. (TA in باب الالف الليّنة.)

A2: بِ is a preposition, or particle governing the gen. case; (S, Mughnee, K;) having kesr for its invariable termination because it is impossible to begin with a letter after which one makes a pause; (S;) or, correctly speaking, having a vowel for its invariable termination because it is impossible to begin with a quiescent letter; and having kesr, not fet-h, to make it accord with its government [of the gen. case], and to distinguish between it and that which is both a noun and a particle. (IB.) It is used to denote adhesion (Sb, T, S, M, Mughnee, K) of the verb to its objective complement, (S,) or of a noun or verb to that to which it is itself prefixed; (TA;) and adjunction, or association: (Sb, T:) and some say that its meaning of denoting adhesion is inseparable from it; and therefore Sb restricted himself to the mention of this meaning: (Mughnee:) or Sb says that its primary meaning is that of denoting adhesion and mixture. (Ibn-Es-Sáïgh, quoted in a marginal note in a copy of the Mughnee.) It denotes adhesion [&c.] in the proper sense; (Mughnee, K;) as in أَمْسَكْتُ بِزَيْدٍ, (M, Mughnee, K,) meaning I laid hold upon, or seized, [Zeyd, or] somewhat of the body of Zeyd, or what might detain him, as an arm or a hand, or a garment, and the like; whereas أَمْسَكْتُهُ may mean I withheld him, or restrained him, from acting according to his own free will: (Mughnee:) and it denotes the same in a tropical sense; (Mughnee, K;) as in مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ [I passed by Zeyd]; (S, Mughnee, K;) as though meaning I made my passing to adhere to Zeyd; (S;) or I made my passing to adhere to a place near to Zeyd: accord. to Akh, it is for مَرَرْتُ عَلَىِ زَيْدٍ; but مَرَرْتُ بِهِ is more common than مَرَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ, and is therefore more properly regarded as the original form of expression: (Mughnee:) accord. to F, the vowel of this preposition is kesr [when it is prefixed to a noun or a pronoun]; or, as some say, it is fet-h when it is with a noun properly so called; as in مَرَّ بَزَيْدٍ: so in the K; this being the reverse of what they have prescribed in the case of [the preposition]

ل: but in the case of ب, no vowel but kesr is known. (MF.) It denotes the same in the saying بِهِ دَآءٌ [In him is a disease; i. e. a disease is cleaving to him]: and so [accord. to some] in أَقْسَمْتُ باللّٰهِ [I swore, or, emphatically, I swear, by God; and similar phrases, respecting which see a later division of this paragraph]. (L.) So, too, in أَشْرَكَ باللّٰهِ, because meaning He associated another with God: and in وَكَّلْتُ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning I associated a وَكِيل [or factor &c.] with such a one. (T.) [And so in other phrases here following.] عَلَيْكَ بِزَيْدٍ Keep thou to Zeyd: or take thou Zeyd. (TA voce عَلَى.) عَلَيْكَ بِكَذَا Keep thou to such a thing: (El-Munáwee:) or take thou such a thing. (Ham p. 216.) فَبَهَا وَنَعْمَتْ Keep thou to it, فبها meaning فَعَلَيْكَ بِهَا, (Mgh in art. نعم,) [or let him keep to it, i. e. فَعَلَيْهِ بِهَا,] or thou hast taken to, or adopted and followed, or adhered to, the established way, or the way established by the Prophet, i. e. فَبِالسُّنَّةِ أَخَذَتَ, (Mgh,) or he hath taken to, &c., i. e. فَبِالسُّنَّةِ أَخَذَ, (IAth, TA in art. نعم,) or by this practice, or action, is excellence attained, or he will attain excellence, i. e. فَبِهٰذِهِ الخَصْلَةِ أَوِ الفَعْلَةِ يُنَالُ الفَضْلُ, or يَنَالُ الفَضْلَ; (IAth ubi suprà;) and excellent is the practise, the established way, or the way established by the Prophet, ونعمت meaning وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ السُّنَّةُ, (Mgh,) or and excellent is the practice, or the action, i. e. وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ, (S and K in art. نعم,) or وَنِعْمَتِ الخَصْلَةُ أُوِ الفَعْلَةُ: (IAth ubi suprà:) and it also occurs in a trad., where the meaning is [He who hath done such a thing hath adhered to the ordinance of indulgence; and excellent is the practice, or action, &c.: for here فبها is meant to imply] فَبِالرَّخْصَةِ أَخَذَ. (TA in the present art. See also art. نعم.)

b2: It is also used to render a verb transitive; (Mughnee, K;) having the same effect as hemzeh [prefixed], in causing [what would otherwise be] the agent to become an objective complement; as in ذَهَبْتُ بِزَيْدٍ syn. with أَذْهَبْتُهُ [I made Zeyd to go away; or I took him away]; (Mughnee;) and hence, [in the Kur ii. 16,] ذَهَبَ اللّٰهُ بِنُورِهِمْ

[God taketh away their light]; (Mughnee, K;)

which refutes the assertion of Mbr and Suh, that ذَهَبْتُ بِزَيْدٍ means [I went away with Zeyd; i. e.] I accompanied Zeyd in going away. (Mughnee.) J says that any verb that is not trans. you may render so by means of بِ and ا [prefixed] and reduplication [of the medial radical letter]: you say, طَارَ بِهِ and أَطَارَهُ and طَيَّرَهُ [as meaning He made him to fly, or to fly away]: but IB says that this is not correct as of common application; for some verbs are rendered trans. by means of hemzeh, but not by reduplication; and some by reduplication, but not by hemzeh; and some by ب, but not by hemzeh nor by reduplication: you say, دَفَعْتُ زَيْدًا بِعَمْرٍو [as meaning I made ' Amr to repel Zeyd, lit. I repelled Zeyd by ' Amr], but not أَدْفَعْتُهُ nor دَفَّعْتُهُ. (TA.)

b3: It also denotes the employing a thing as an aid or instrument; (S, M, * Mughnee, K; *) as in كَتَبْتُ بِالقَلَمِ [I wrote with the reed-pen]; (S, Mughnee, K;) and نَجَرْتُ بِالقَدُومِ [I worked as a carpenter with the adz]; (Mughnee, K;) and ضَرَبْتُ بالسَّيْفِ [I struck with the sword]. (M.) And hence the بِ in بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ, (Mughnee, K,) accord. to some, because the action [before which it is pronounced] is not practicable in the most perfect manner but by means of it: (Mughnee:) but others disallow this, because the name of God should not be regarded as an instrument: (MF, TA:) and some say that the ب here is to denote beginning, as though one said, أَبْتَدَأُ بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ [I begin with the name of God]. (TA.)

b4: It also denotes a cause; as in إِنَّكُمْ ظَلَمْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ بِاتِّخَاذِكُمُ الْعِجْلَ [Verily ye have wronged yourselves by, i. e. because of, your taking to yourselves the calf as a god (Kur ii. 51)]; and in فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ [And every one of these we have punished for, i. e. because of, his sin (Kur xxix. 39)]; (Mughnee, K) and in لَنْ يَدْخُلَ أَحَدَكُمُ الجَنَّةَ بِعَمَلِهِ [Not any of you shall enter Paradise by, or for, or because of, his works]. (TA from a trad.) And so in لَقَيتُ بِزَيْدٍ الأَسَدَ I met, or found, by reason of my meeting, or finding, Zeyd, the lion: (Mughnee:) or the ب in this instance denotes comparison; [i. e. I met, or found, in Zeyd the like of the lion;] as also in رَأَيْتُ بِفُلَانٍ القَمَرَ [I saw in such a one the like of the moon]. (TA.) Another ex. of the same usage is the saying [of a poet], قَدْ سُقِيَتْ آبَالُهُمْ بِالنَّارِ وَالنَّارُ قَدْ تَشْفِى مِنَ الأُوَارِ

[Their camels had been watered because of the brand that they bore: for fire, or the brand, sometimes cures of the heat of thirst]; i. e., because of their being branded with the names [or marks] of their owners, they had free access left them to the water. (Mughnee. See also another reading of this verse voce نَارٌ.) [In like manner] it is used in the sense of مِنْ أَجْلِ [which means بِسَبَبِ (Msb in art. اجل)] in the saying of Lebeed, غُلْبٌ تَشَذَّرَ بِالذُّحُولِ كَأَنَّهَا جِنُّ البَدِىِّ رَوَاسِياً أَقْدَامُهَا 

(S) Thick-necked men, like lions, who threatened one another because of rancorous feelings, as though they were the Jinn of the valley El-Bedee, [or of the desert, (TA in art. بدو,)] their feet standing firm in contention and obstinate altercation. (EM pp. 174 and 175.) It is also used to denote a cause when prefixed to أَنَّ and to مَا as in ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ بِآيَاتِ اللّٰهِ [That was because they used to disbelieve in the signs of God]; and in ذٰلِكَ بِمَا عَصَوْا [That was because they disobeyed]: both instances in the Kur ii. 58. (Bd.)

b5: It is also used to denote concomitance, as syn. with مَعَ; (Mughnee, K;) as in اِشْتَرَيْتُ الفَرَسَ بِلِجَامِهِ وَسَرْجِهِ [I bought the horse with his bit and bridle and his saddle]; (TA;) and in لَمَّا رَآنِى بِالسَّلَاحِ هَرَبَ, i. e. When he saw me advancing with the weapon, [he fled;] or when he saw me possessor of a weapon; (Sh, T;) and in اِهْبِطْ بِسَلَامٍ [Descend thou with security, or with greeting (Kur xi. 50)]; and in وَقَدْ دَخَلُوا بِالْكُفْرِ

[They having entered with unbelief (Kur v. 66)]; (Mughnee, K;) بالكفر being a denotative of state. (Bd.) Authors differ respecting the ب in the saying, فَسَبِّحْ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّكَ, in the Kur [xv. 98 and ex. 3]; some saying that it denotes concomitance, and that حمد is prefixed to the objective complement, so that the meaning is, سَبِّحْهٌ حَامِدًا لَهُ

[Declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from everything derogatory from his glory, praising Him], i. e. declare thou his freedom from that which is not suitable to Him, and ascribe to Him that which is suitable to Him; but others say that it denotes the employing a thing as an aid or instrument, and that حمد is prefixed to the agent, so that the meaning is, سَبِّحْهُ بِمَا حَمِدَ بِهِ نَفْسَهُ

[declare thou his (thy Lord's) freedom from everything derogatory from his glory by means of ascribing to Him that wherewith He hath praised himself]: and so, too, respecting the saying, سُبْحَانَكَ اللّٰهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ; some asserting that it is one proposition, the, being redundant; but others saying, it is two propositions, the و being a conjunction, and the verb upon which the ب is dependent being suppressed, so that the meaning is, [I declare thy freedom from everything derogatory from thy glory, 0 God,] وَبِحَمْدِكَ سَبَّحْتُكَ

[and with the praising of Thee, or by means of the praise that belongeth to Thee, I declare thy freedom &c.]. (Mughnee. [Other explanations of these two phrases have been proposed; but those given above are the most approved.]) Youalso say, عَلَىَّ بِهِ, meaning Bring thou him, [i. e.] come with him, to me. (Har p. 109.) ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ, in the Kur ix. 119, means بِرُحْبِهَا

[i. e. The earth became strait to them, with, meaning notwithstanding, its amplitude, or spaciousness]. (Bd.) Sometimes the negative لا intervenes between بِ [denoting concomitance] and the noun governed by it in the gen. case; [so that بِلَا signifies Without;] as in جِئْتُ بِلَا زَادٍ [I came without travelling-provision]. (Mughnee and K in art. لا.)

b6: It is also syn. with فِى before a noun signifying a place or a time; (Mughnee, * K, * TA;) as in جَلَسْتُ بِالمَسْجِدِ [I sat in the mosque]; (TA;) and وَلَقَدْ نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ بِبَدْرٍ [and verily God aided you against your enemies at Bedr (Kur iii. 119)]; and نَجَّيْنَاهُمْ بِسَحَرٍ [We saved them a little before daybreak (Kur liv. 34)]: (Mughnee, K, TA:) and so in بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ (T, K,) in the Kur [lxviii. 6], (TA,) accord. to some, (T, Mughnee,) i. e. In which of you is madness; or in which of the two parties of you is the mad: (Bd:) or the ب is here redundant; (Sb, Bd, Mughnee;) the meaning being which of you is he who is afflicted with madness. (Bd. [See also a later division of this paragraph.])

b7: It also denotes substitution; [meaning Instead of, or in place of;] as in the saying [of the Hamásee (Mughnee)], فَلَيْتَ لِى بِهِمُ قَوْمًا إِذَا رَكِبُوا شَنَّوا الإِغَارَةَ فُرْسَانًا وَرُكْبَانَا

[Then would that I had, instead of them, a people who, when they mounted their beasts, poured the sudden attack, they being horsemen and camel-riders]; (Ham p. 8, Mughnee, K;) i. e., بَدَلًا بِهِمْ (TA:) but some read شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ, [and so it is in some, app., the most correct, of the copies of the Mughnee,] for شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارِةِ [hastened for the making a sudden attack]. (Ham, Mughnee.)

So, too, in the saying, اِعْتَضْتُ بِهٰذِا الثَّوْبِ خَيْرًا مِنْهُ

[I received, in the place of this garment, or piece of cloth, one better than it]; and لَقِيتُ بِزَيْدٍ بَحْرًا

[I found, in the place of Zeyd, a man of abundant generosity or beneficence]; and هٰذَا بِذَاكِ [This is instead, or in the place, of that; but see another explanation of this last phrase in what follows]. (The Lubáb, TA.)

b8: It also denotes requital; or the giving, or doing, in return; (Mughnee, K;) and in this case is prefixed to the word signifying the substitute, or thing given or done in exchange [or return; or to the word signifying that for which a substitute is given, or for which a thing is given or done in exchange or return]; (Mughnee;) as in the saying, اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ [I purchased it for a thousand dirhems]; (Mughnee, K; *) [and in the saying in the Kur ix. 112, إِنَّ اللّٰهَ اشْتَرى مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ بِأَنَّ لَهُمُ الْجَنَّةَ Verily God hath purchased of the believers their souls and their possessions for the price of their having Paradise;] and كَافَأْتُ إِحْسَانَهُ بِضِعْفٍ

[I requited his beneficence with a like beneficence, or with double, or more], (Mughnee,) or كَافأْتُهُ بِضِعْفِ إِحْسَانِهِ [I requited him with the like, or with double the amount, or with more than double the amount, of his beneficence], (K,) but the former is preferable; (TA;) [and خَدَمَ بِطَعَامِ بِطْنِهِ (S and A &c. in art. وغد) He served for, meaning in return for, the food of his belly;] and هٰذَا بِذَاكَ وَلَا عَتْبٌ عَلَى الزَّمَنِ

[This is in return for that, (an explanation somewhat differing from one in the next preceding division of this paragraph,) and no blame is imputable to fortune]: and hence, اُدْخُلُوا الجَنَّةَ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ [Enter ye Paradise in return for that which ye wrought (Kur xvi. 34)]; for the ب here is not that which denotes a cause, as the Moatezileh assert it to be, and as all [of the Sunnees] hold it to be in the saying of the Prophet, لَنْ يَدْخُلَ أَحَدُكُمُ الجَنَّةَ بِعَمَلِهِ [before cited and explained]; because what is given instead of something is sometimes given gratuitously; and it is evident that there is no mutual opposition between the trad. and the verse of the Kurn. (Mughnee.)

b9: It is also syn. with عَنْ; and is said to be peculiar to interrogation; as in فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا

[And ask thou respecting Him, or it, one possessing knowledge (Kur xxv. 60)]; (Mughnee, K;) and accord. to IAar in the Kur lxx. 1; (T;) and in the saying of ' Alkameh, فَإِنْ تَسْأَلُونِى بِالنِّسَآءِ فَإِنَّنِي بَصِيرٌ بِأَدْوَآءِ النِّسَآءِ خَبِيرُ

[And if ye ask me respecting the diseases of women, verily I am knowing in the diseases of women, skilful]: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or it is not peculiar to interrogation; as in وَيَوْمَ تَشَقَّقُ السَّمَآءُ بِالْغَمَامِ [And the day when the heavens shall be rent asunder from the clouds (Kur xxv. 27)]; (Mughnee, K) and مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ (K) i. e. What hath beguiled thee from thy Lord, and from believing in him? in the Kur lxxxii. 6; and so in the same, lvii. 13: (TA: [but see art. غر:]) 

or, accord. to Z, the ب in بالغمام means by, as by an instrument; (Mughnee;) or it means because of, or by means of, the rising of the clouds therefrom: (Bd:) and in like manner the Basrees explain it as occurring in فَاسْأَلْ بِهِ خَبِيرًا, as denoting the cause; and they assert that it is never syn. with عَنْ; but their explanation is improbable. (Mughnee.)

b10: It is also syn. with عَلَىِ; as in إِنْ تِأْمَنْهُ بِقِنْطَارٍ (Mughnee, K *) or بِدِينَارٍ (S) [If thou give him charge over a hundredweight or over a deenár (Kur iii. 68)]; like as عَلَى is sometimes put in the place of بِ as after the verb رَضِىَ: (S, TA:) and so in لَوْ تُسَوَّى بِهِمُ الْأَرْضُ [That the ground were made even over them], in the Kur [iv. 45], (TA,) i. e. that they were buried; (Bd) and in مَرَرْتُ بِزَيْدٍ

[I passed by Zeyd], accord. to Akh, as before mentioned; (Mughnee, in the first division of the art. on this preposition;) and in زَيْدٌ بِالسَّطْحِ [Zeyd is on the roof]; (TA;) and in a verse cited in this Lex. voce ثَعْلَبٌ. (Mughnee.)

b11: It also denotes part of a whole; (Msb in art. بعض

Mughnee, K;) so accord. to As and AAF and others; (Msb, Mughnee;) as syn. with مِنْ (Msb, TA:) IKt says; the Arabs say, شَرِبْتُ بِمَآءِ

كَذَا, meaning مِنْهُ [I drank of such a water]; and Az mentions, as a saying of the Arabs, سَقَاكَ اللّٰهُ مِنْ مَآءِ كَذَا, meaning بِهِ [May God give thee to drink of such a water], thus making the two prepositions syn.: (Msb: [in which five similar instances are cited from poets; and two of these are cited also in the Mughnee:]) and thus it signifies in عَيْنًا يَشْرَبُ بِهَا عِبَادُ اللّٰهِ [A fountain from which the servants of God shall drink, in the Kur lxxvi. 6; and the like occurs in lxxxiii. 28]; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) accord. to the authorities mentioned above; (Mughnee;) or the meaning is, with which the servants of God shall satisfy their thirst (يَرْوَى بِهَا); (T, Mughnee;) or, accord. to Z, with which the servants of God shall drink wine: (Mughnee:) if the ب were redundant, [as some assert it to be, (Bd,)] the meaning would be, that they shall drink the whole of it; which is not right: (Msb:) thus, also, it is used in وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ [in the Kur v. 8], (Msb, Mughnee, K,) accord. to some; (Mughnee;) i. e. [and wipe ye] a part of your heads; and this explanation has been given as on the authority of EshSháfi'ee; but he is said to have disapproved it, and to have held that the ب here denotes adhesion: (TA:) this latter is its apparent meaning in this and the other instances: or, as some say, in this last instance it is used to denote the employing a thing as an aid or instrument, and there is an ellipsis in the phrase, and an inversion; the meaning being, اِمْسَحُوا رُؤُسَكُمْ بِالمَآءِ [wipe ye your heads with water]. (Mughnee.)

b12: It is also used to denote swearing; (Mughnee, K;) and is the primary one of the particles used for this purpose; therefore it is peculiarly distinguished by its being allowable to mention the verb with it, (Mughnee,) as أُقْسِمُ بِاللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ [I swear by God I will assuredly do such a thing]; (Mughnee, K) and by its being prefixed to a pronoun, as in بِكَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ [By thee I will assuredly do such a thing]; and by its being used in adjuring, or conjuring, for the purpose of inducing one to incline to that which is desired of him, as in باللّٰهِ هَلْ قَامَ زَيْدٌ, meaning I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by God, to tell me, did Zeyd stand? (Mughnee.) [See also the first explanation of this particle, where it is said, on the authority of the L, that, when thus used, it denotes adhesion.]



b13: It is also syn. with إِلَي as denoting the end of an extent or interval; as in أَحْسَنَ بِى, meaning He did good, or acted well, to me: (Mughnee, K:) but some say that the verb here imports the meaning of لَطَفَ [which is trans. by means of ب, i. e. he acted graciously, or courteously, with me]. (Mughnee.)

b14: It is also redundant, (S, Mughnee, K,) to denote corroboration: (Mughnee, K:) and is prefixed to the agent: (Mughnee:) first, necessarily; as in أَحْسِنْ بِزَيْدٍ; (Mughnee, K;) accord. to general opinion (Mughnee) originally أَحْسَنَ زَيْدٌ, i. e. صَارَ ذَا حُسْنٍ [Zeyd became possessed of goodness, or goodliness, or beauty]; (Mughnee, K; *) or the correct meaning is حَسُنَ

زَيْدٌ [Good, or goodly, or beautiful, or very good &c., is Zeyd! or how good, or goodly, or beautiful, is Zeyd!], as in the B: (TA:) secondly, in most instances; and this is in the case of the agent of كَفَى; as in كَفَى بِاللّٰهِ شَهِيدًا [God sufficeth, being witness, or as a witness (Kur xiii., last verse; &c.)]; (Mughnee, K [and a similar ex. is given in the S, from the Kur xxv. 33;]) the ب here denoting emphatic praise; but you may drop it, saying, كَفَى اللّٰهُ شَهِيدًا: (Fr, TA:) thirdly, in a case of necessity, by poetic licence; as in the saying, أَلَمْ يَأْتِيكَ وَالأَنْبَآءُ تَنْمِى بِمَا لَاقَتْ لَبُونُ بَنِى زِيَادِ

[Did not what the milch camel of the sons of Ziyád experienced come to thee (يَأْتِيكَ being in like manner put for يَأْتِكَ) when the tidings were increasing?]. (Mughnee, K.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the objective complement of a verb; as in وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْديكُمْ إِلَى التَّهْلُكَةِ

[And cast ye not yourselves (بأيديكم meaning بِأَنْفُسِكُمْ) to perdition (Kur ii. 191)]; and in وَهُزِّى إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ [And shake thou towards thee the trunk of the palm-tree (Kur xix. 25)]: but some say that the former means and cast ye not yourselves (أَنْفُسَكُمْ being understood) with your hands to perdition; or that the meaning is, by means, or because, of your hands: (Mughnee:) and ISd says that هُزِّى, in the latter, is made trans. by means of ب because it is used in the sense of جُزِّى: (TA in art هز:) so, too, in the saying, نَضْرِبُ بِالسَّيْفِ وَ نَرجُو بِالفَرَجْ

[We smite with the sword, and we hope for the removal of grief]: (S, Mughnee:) and in the trad., كَفَي بِالمَرْءِ كَذِبًا أَنْ يُحَدِّثَ بِكُلِّ مَا سَمِعَ

[It suffices the man in respect of lying that he relate all that he has heard]. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the inchoative; as in بِحَسْبِكَ [when you say, بِحَسْبِكَ دِرْهَمٌ, meaning A thing sufficing thee is a dirhem; a phrase which may be used in two ways; as predicating of what is sufficient, that it is a dirhem; and as predicating of a dirhem, that it is sufficient; in which latter case, بحسبك is an enunciative put before its inchoative, so that the meaning is, a dirhem is a thing sufficing thee, i. e. a dirhem is sufficient for thee; as is shown in a marginal note in my copy of the Mughnee: in the latter way is used the saying, mentioned in the S, بِحَسْبِكَ قَوْلُ السَّوْءِ A thing sufficing thee is the saying what is evil: and so, app., each of the following sayings, mentioned in the TA on the authority of Fr; حَسْبُكَ بِصَدِيقِنَا A person sufficing thee is our friend; and نَاهِيكَ بِأَخِينَا

A person sufficing thee is our brother: the ب is added, as Fr says, to denote emphatic praise]: so too in خَرَجْتُ فَإِذِا بِزَيْدٍ [I went forth, and lo, there, or then, was Zeyd]; and in كَيْفَ بِكَ إِذَا كَانَ كَذَا [How art thou, or how wilt thou be, when it is thus, or when such a thing is the case?]; and so, accord. to Sb, in بِأيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ

[mentioned before, in explanation of بِ as syn. with فِى]; but Abu-l-Hasan says that بأيّكم is dependent upon اِسْتِقْرَار suppressed, denoting the predicate of اَلمفتون; and some say that this is an inf. n. in the sense of فِنْنَةٌ; [so that the meaning may be, بأَيِّكُمُ المَفْتُونُ مُسْتَقِرٌّ In which of you is madness residing?]; or, as some say, بِ is here syn. with فِى [as I have before mentioned], (Mughnee.) A strange case is that of its being added before that which is originally an inchoative, namely, the noun, or subject, of لَيْسَ, on the condition of its being transferred to the later place which is properly that of the enunciative; as in the reading of some, xxx لَّيْسَ الْبِرَّ بِأَنْ تُوَلُّوا وُجُوهَكُمْ قِبَلَ الْمَشْرِقِ وَالْمَغْرِبِ xxx

[Your turning your faces towards the east and the west is not obedience (Kur ii. 172)]; with البرّ in the accus. case. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the enunciative; and this is in two kinds of cases: first, when the phrase is not affirmative; and cases of this kind may be followed as exs.; as لَيْسَ زَيْدٌ بِقَائِمٍ [Zeyd is not standing]; and وَمَا اللّٰهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ [And God is not heedless of that which ye do (Kur ii. 69, &c.)]: secondly, when the phrase is affirmative; and in cases of this kind, one limits himself to what has been heard [from the Arabs]: so say Akh and his followers; and they hold to be an instance of this kind the phrase, جَزَآءُ سَيِّئَةٍ بِمِثْلِهَا [The recompense of an evil action is the like thereof (Kur x. 28)]; and the saying of the Hamásee, وَمَنْعُكَهَا بِشَىْءٍ يُسْتَطَاعُ

[And the preventing thee from having her (referring to a mare) is a thing that is possible]: but it is more proper to make بمثلها dependent upon اِسْتِقْرَار suppressed, as the enunciative; [the meaning being, جَزَآءُ سَيَّئَةٍ مُسْتَقِرٌّ بِمِثْلِهَا, or يَسْتَقِرُّ بِمِثْلِهَا, i. e. the recompense of an evil action is a thing consisting in the like thereof]; and to make بشىء dependent upon منعكها; the meaning being, وَ مَنْعُكَهَا بِشَىْءٍ مَّا يُسْتَطَاعُ [i. e. and the preventing thee from having her, by something, is possible: see Ham p. 102 ]: Ibn-Málik also

[holds, like Akh and his followers, that بِ may be redundant when prefixed to the enunciative in an affirmative proposition; for he] says, respecting بِحَسْبِكَ زَيْدٌ, that زيد is an inchoative placed after its enunciative, [so that the meaning is, Zeyd is a person sufficing thee,] because زَيْدٌ is determinate and حَسْبُكَ is indeterminate. (Mughnee. [See also what has been said above respecting the phrase بِحَسْبِكَ دِرْهَمٌ, in treating of بِ as added before the inchoative.]) It is also redundantly prefixed to the denotative of state of which the governing word is made negative; as in فَمَا رَجَعَتْ بِخَائِبَةٍ رِكَابٌ حَكِيمُ بْنُ المُسَيَّبِ مُنْتَهَاهَا

[And travelling-camels (meaning their riders) returned not disappointed, whose goal, or ultimate object, was Hakeem the son of El-Museiyab]; and in فَمَا انْبَعَثْتَ بِمَزْؤُدٍ وَ لَا وَكَلِ

[And thou didst not, being sent, or roused, go away frightened, nor impotent, committing thine affair to another]: so says Ibn-Málik: but AHei disagrees with him, explaining these two exs. as elliptical; the meaning implied in the former being, بِحَاجَةٍ خَائِبَةٍ [with an object of want disappointed, or frustrated]; and in the second, بِشَخْصٍ مَزْؤُودٍ, i. e. مَذْعُورٍ [with a person frightened]; the poet meaning, by the مزؤود, himself, after the manner of the saying, رَأَيْتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا; and this is plain with respect to the former ex., but not with respect to the second; for the negation of attributes of dispraise denoted as intensive in degree does not involve the negation of what is simply essential in those attributes; and one does not say, لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا, or بَحْرًا, [or رَأَيْتُ مِنْهُ أَسَدًا, as above, or بَحْرًا,] but when meaning to express an intensive degree of boldness, or of generosity. (Mughnee.) It is also redundantly prefixed to the corroborative نَفْسٌ and عَيْنٌ: and some hold it to be so in يَتَرَبَّنَ بِأَنْفُسِهِنَّ [as meaning Shall themselves wait (Kur ii. 228 and 234)]: but this presents matter for consideration; because the affixed pronoun in the nom. case, [whether expressed, as in this instance, in which it is the final syllable نَ, or implied in the verb,] when corroborated by نَفْس, should properly be corroborated first by the separate [pronoun], as in قُمْتُمْ أَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسُكُمْ [Ye stood, ye, yourselves]; and because the corroboration in this instance is lost, since it cannot be imagined that any others are here meant than those who are commanded to wait: [the preferable rendering is, shall wait to see what may take place with themselves:] بأنفسهنّ is added only for rousing them the more to wait, by making known that their minds should not be directed towards the men. (Mughnee.) Accord. to some, it is also redundantly prefixed to a noun governed in the gen. case [by another preposition]; as in فأَصْبَحْنَ لَا يَسْأَلْنَهُ عَنْ بِأَبِهِ

And they became in a condition in which they asked him not respecting his father; which may perhaps be regarded by some as similar to the saying, يَضْحَكْنَ عَنْ كَالبَرَدِ المُنْهَمِّ

but in this instance, كَ is generally held to be a noun, syn. with مِثْل]. (The Lubáb, TA.)

b15: Sometimes it is understood; as in اللّٰه لافعلنّ

[i. e. اللّٰهِ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ and اللّٰهَ لَأَفْعَلَنَّ By God, I will assuredly do such a thing; in the latter as well as the former, for a noun is often put in the accus.

case because of a preposition understood; or, accord. to Bd, in ii. 1, a verb significant of swearing is understood]: and in خَيْرٍ [for بِخَيْرٍ

In a good state], addressed to him who says, كَيْفَ أَصْبَحْتَ [How hast thou entered upon the time of morning? or How hast thou become?]. (TA.)

b16: [It occurs also in several elliptical phrases; one of which (فَبِهَا وَ نِعْمَتْ) has been mentioned among the exs. of its primary meaning: some are mentioned in other arts.; as بِأَبِى and بِنَفْسِى, in arts. ابو and نفس: and there are many others, of which exs. here follow.] Mohammad is related, in a trad., to have said, after hitting a butt with an arrow, أَنَا بهَا أَنَا بهَا, meaning أَنَا صَاحِبُهَا [I am the doer of it! I am the doer of it!]. (Sh, T.) And in another trad., Mohammad is related to have said to one who told him of a man's having committed an unlawful action, لَعَلَّكَ بِذٰلِكِ, meaning لَعَلَّكَ صَاحِبُ الأَمْرِ [May-be thou art the doer of that thing]. (T.) And in another, he is related to have said to a woman brought to him for having committed adultery or fornication, مَنْ بِكِ, meaning مَنْ صَاحِبُكِ [Who was thine accomplice?]: (T:) or مَنِ الفَاعِلُ بِكِ

[Who was the agent with thee?]. (TA.) أَنَا بِكَ وَلَكَ, occurring in a form of prayer, means I seek, or take, refuge in Thee; or by thy right disposal and facilitation I worship; and to Thee, not to any other, I humble myself. (Mgh in art. بوا.)

One says also, مَنْ لِى بِكَذَا, meaning Who will be responsible, answerable, amenable, or surety, to me for such a thing? (Har p. 126: and the like is said in p. 191.) And similar to this is the saying, كَأَنِّى بِكَ, meaning كَأَنِّي أَبْصُرُ بِكَ

[It is as though I saw thee]; i. e. I know from what I witness of thy condition to-day how thy condition will be to-morrow; so that it is as though I saw thee in that condition. (Idem p. 126.) [You also say, كَأَنَّكَ بِهِ, meaning Thou art so near to him that it is as though thou sawest him: or it is as though thou wert with him: i. e. thou art almost in his presence.]

b17: The Basrees hold that prepositions do not supply the places of other prepositions regularly; but are imagined to do so when they admit of being differently rendered; or it is because a word is sometimes used in the sense of another word, as in شَرِبْنَ بِمَآءِ البَحْرِ meaning رَوِينَ, and in أَحْسَنَ بِى meaning لَطَفَ; or else because they do so anomalously. (Mughnee.)

A3: [As a numeral, ب denotes Two.]
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