شعب

1 شَعَبَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَعْبٌ, (A, Msb, K,) He collected; brought, gathered, or drew, together; or united; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) and he separated; put apart, or asunder; divided; disunited; or dispersed or scattered; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) thus having two contr. significations: (S:) so expressly state A'Obeyd and Aboo-Ziyád: (TA:) but accord. to IDrd, it has not two contr. significations [in one and the same dial.]: he says that the two meanings are peculiar to the dials. of two peoples, (Msb, TA, *) each meaning belonging to the dial. of one people exclusively. (TA.) [Hence, as it seems to be indicated in the S and A, or from شَعْبٌ meaning “ a tribe,” as it seems to be indicated in the Ham p. 538,] one says, تَفَرَّقَ شَعْبُهُمْ, (S,) or شَتَّ شَعْبُهُمْ, (A, Ham,) (tropical:) [Their union became dissolved, or broken up; or their tribe became separated;] meaning they became separated after being congregated: (S, Ham:) and اِلْتَأَمَ شَعْبُهُمْ (S, A, Ham) (tropical:) [Their separation became closed up, or their tribe drew together;] meaning they drew together after being separated. (S, Ham.) And شَعَبَتْهُمُ المَنِيَّةُ Death separated them: (S:) and شَعَبَتْهُ شَعُوبُ [Death separated him from his companions]; (TA;) said of a man when he has died. (O in art. عبل: in the K, in that art., ↓ اِشْتَعَبَتْهُ [perhaps a mistranscription].) And it is said in a trad., مَا هٰذِهِ الفُتْيَا الَّتِى شَعَبْتَ بِهَا النَّاسَ i. e, [What is this judicial decision] with which thou hast divided the people? (S. [In the TA, on the authority of IAth, التى شَغَبَتْ فِى النَّاسِ, which means, “ which has excited evil among the people. ”]) One says also, شَعَبَ الرَّجُلُ أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) The man broke up, discomposed, deranged, or disorganized, [or rendered unsound, impaired, or marred, (agreeably with another explanation of the verb in what follows,)] his state of affairs: (As, A'Obeyd, TA:) whence the saying of 'Alee Ibn-El-'Adheer El-Ghanawee, وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ المَرْءَ يَشْعَبُ أَمْرَهُ شَعْبَ العَصَا وَيَلَجُّ فِى العِصْيَانِ (assumed tropical:) [And when thou seest the man break up his state of affairs as with the breaking up of the staff, and persevere in disobedience, or rebellion]. (A'Obeyd, TA.) b2: Also, aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S, A, Msb, K,) He repaired a cracked thing [such as a wooden bowl or some other vessel, by closing up its crack or cracks, or by piecing it: see 2, which has a similar signification, but implying muchness]: (S, Msb:) and [in a general sense,] he repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state: (A, K, TA:) and it signifies the contr. also [of the former meaning and] of this, in the same, or in another, dial.: (TA:) [i. e.] he cracked a thing [such as a wooden bowl &c.]: (A, Msb:) and he corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred. (A, K, TA.) شَعْبٌ صَغِيرٌ مِنْ شَعْبٍ كَبِيرٍ, occurring in a trad. of 'Omar, means A little repairing, of, or amid, much impairing. (TA.) b3: [He gave a portion of property; as though he broke it off.] One says, اِشْعَبْ لِى شُعْبَةً مِنَ المَالِ Give thou to me a portion of the property. (TA.) b4: He (the commander, or prince, S) sent a messenger (S, K) إِلَيْهِ [to him], (K,) or إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا [to such a place]. (S.) b5: He turned, or sent, him, or it, away, or back: (K, TA:) aor. and inf.n. as above. (TA.) And شَعَبَ اللِّجَامُ الفَرَسَ The bridle turned away or back, or withheld, or restrained, the horse from the direction towards which he was going. (K.) b6: He, or it, diverted a man by occupying him, busying him, or engaging his attention. (K, TA.) One says, مَا شَعَبَكَ عَنِّى [What diverted thee, or what has diverted thee, &c., from me?]. (TA.) A2: It is also intrans.: see 4. b2: [Thus it signifies He quitted his companions, desiring others.] One says, شَعَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ (K, TA) فِى عَدَدِ كَذَا (TA) He yearned towards them [with such a number of men], and quitted his companions. (K, TA.) b3: And He, or it, appeared [distinct from others]: (K, TA:) whence the month [شَعْبَان, q. v.,] is [said to be] named. (TA.) A3: Also, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel, He cropped (اِهْتَضَمَ) the upper, or uppermost, parts of trees [or shrubs]. (K, TA.) A4: شَعِبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَعَبٌ, (S, * K, * TA,) He (a goat, S, TA, and a gazelle, TA) was wide, (K,) or very wide, (S,) between the horns, (S, K,) and between the shoulders. (K, * TA.) [See also شَعَبٌ, below.]2 شعّب [app. signifies He collected several things; or he collected much: and] he separated several things; or he separated much. (O.) b2: Also He repaired a cracked wooden bowl [or some other vessel] in several places [by closing up its cracks, or by piecing it]: (S, O:) [and app., in a general sense, he repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state, several things; or he repaired, &c., much: and it seems to signify also the contr. of these two meanings: i. e. he cracked several things; or he cracked in several places: and he corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred, several things; or he corrupted, &c., much.]

A2: It is also intrans.: see 4. b2: Thus, said of seed-produce, It branched forth, or forked, after being in leaf, or blade; (TA;) like ↓ تشعّب. (K, * TA.) [Hence,] one says, إِنِّى أَرَى الشَّرَّ شَعَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I see the evil to have grown like seed-produce when it branches forth]; like as one says, قَصَّبَ, and نَبَّبَ. (TA in art. نب.) 3 شاعبهُ He became distant, or remote, from him; (K, TA;) namely, his companion. (TA.) [Hence,] شاعب الحَيَاةَ (assumed tropical:) [He quitted life]. (TA.) And شَاعَبَتْ نَفْسُهُ (K, TA) His soul [departed, or] quitted life; (TA;) meaning he died; (K, TA;) as also ↓ انشعب [i. e. انشعب هُوَ]. (K.) [See also what next follows.]4 اشعب He died: (S, K: [see also 3:]) or (so in the S and TA, but in the K “ and ”) he separated himself from another or others, never to return; (S, K;) as also ↓ شعّب or ↓ شَعَبَ, accord. to different copies of the K, the latter as in the L. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, En-Nábighah El-Jaadee, (IB, TA.) وَكَانُوا أُنَاسًا مِنْ شُعُوبٍ فَأَشْعَبُوا (S, IB, TA,) or وَكَانُوا شُعُوبًا مِنْ أُنَاسٍ, accord. to different readings: [app. meaning, And they were men of divided races or tribes, or were divided races or tribes of men; so they perished; or separated, never to return:] IB says, after mentioning the former reading, i. e. they were of men who should perish; so they perished: having previously mentioned the latter reading, and added, i. e. they were of those whom شعوب should overtake. (TA. [IB's explanations seem at first sight to indicate that he read شَعُوبَ and شَعُوبًا; neither of which is admissible: each of his explanations app. relates to both readings; as though he understood the poet to mean, they were men separated from different tribes, to be overtaken by others; so they perished.]) 5 تشعّب and ↓ انشعب are quasi-pass. verbs, the former of شَعَّبَ and the latter of شَعَبَ: (TA:) [the former, therefore, is most correctly to be regarded and used as intensive in its significations, or as relating to several things or persons: but it is said that] both signify alike: [app. It became collected; it became brought, gathered, or drawn, together; or it became united: and also] it became separated, put apart or asunder, divided, disunited, or dispersed or scattered: (S, K:) and it, or he, became distant, or remote. (K.) One says, تَشَعَّبُوا فِى طَلَبِ المِيَاهِ [They became separated, &c., or they separated themselves, &c., in search of the waters], and فِى الغَارَاتِ [in predatory excursions]. (TA.) And عَنِّى ↓ انشعب فُلَانٌ Such a one became distant, or remote, from me; or withdrew to a distance, or for away, from me. (TA.) And الطَّرِيقُ ↓ انشعب [and تشعّب] The road separated. (S, A, Msb.) And ↓ انشعب النَّهْرُ and تشعّب The river separated [or branched forth] into other rivers. (TA.) And ↓ انشعبت

أَغْصَانُ الشَّجَرَةِ (S, Msb, TA) and تشعّبت (TA) The branches of the tree separated, divided, straggled, or spread out dispersedly; (S, TA;) or branched forth from the stem, and separated, divided, &c. (Msb.) See also 2. One says also, تشعّب أَمْرُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) [The state of affairs of the man became broken up, discomposed, deranged, disorganized, or (agreeably with another explanation of the verb in what follows) rendered unsound, impaired, or marred]. (A.) b2: Also ↓ the latter verb, [or each,] It became closed up; [or repaired by having a crack or cracks closed up, or by being pieced;] said of a cracked thing: (TA:) and ↓ both verbs, i. q. اِنْصَلَحَ [which means, in a general sense, it became rectified, repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state; &c.; but I have not found this verb (انصلح) in its proper art. in any of the Lexicons]: (K, TA:) and ↓ the latter signifies also it became cracked; (A;) [and in like manner the former, said of a number of things; or it became cracked in several places when said of a single thing: and hence ↓ both signify, in a general sense, it became corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred; a meaning which may justly be assigned to the former verb in the phrase mentioned in the next preceding sentence.]7 إِنْشَعَبَ see 5, in nine places: and see also 3.8 إِشْتَعَبَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph.

شَعْبٌ inf. n. of شَعَبَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: [Used as a simple subst., it signifies Collection, or union: and also separation, division, or disunion; and] a state of separation or division or disunion; (K, TA;) as also ↓ شُعْبَةٌ: (S, TA:) pl. of the former شُعُوبٌ. (TA.) b3: And [hence, perhaps, as implying both union and division,] Such as is divided [into sub-tribes], of the tribes of the Arabs and foreigners: (S: [in my copy of the Msb, ما انقسمت فيه قبائل العرب, as though it meant the tribes of the Arabs collectively, agreeably with another explanation to be mentioned below; but I think that there may be a mistranscription in this case:]) pl. شُعُوبٌ: (S, Msb:) or it signifies, as some say, (Msb,) or signifies also, (S,) a great tribe; syn. قَبِيلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ, (S, A, K,) or حَىٌّ عَظِيمٌ; (Msb;) the parent of the [tribes called] قَبَائِل, to which they refer their origin, and which comprises them: (S:) or, as some say, a great tribe (حَىٌّ عَظِيمٌ) forming a branch of a قَبِيلَة: or a قَبِيلَة itself: (TA:) A' Obeyd says, on the authority of Ibn-El-Kelbee, on the authority of his father, that the شَعْب is greater than the قَبِيلَة; next to which is the فَصِيلَة; then, the عَمَارَة; then, the بَطْن; then, the فَخِذ: (S, TA:) but IB says that the true order is that which Ez-Zubeyr Ibn-Bekkár has stated, and is as follows: (TA:) [i. e.] the genealogies of the Arabs consist of six degrees; (Msb;) first, the شَعْب; then, the قَبِيلَة; then, the عَمَارَة, (Msb, TA,) with fet-h and with kesr, to the ع; (Msb;) then, the بَطْن; then, the فَخِذ; and then, the فَصيلَة: thus, Khuzeymeh is a شعب; and Kináneh, a قبيلَة; and Kureysh, an عمارة; and Kuseí, a بطن; and Háshim, a فخذ; and El-'Abbás, a فصيلة: (Msb, TA:) and Aboo-Usámeh says that these classes are agreeable with the order obtaining in the structure of man; the شعب is the greatest of them, derived from the شَعْب [or suture] of the head; next is the قبيلة, from the قبيلة [which is a term applied to any one of the four principal bones] of the head; then, the عمارة, which is the breast; then, the بطن [or belly]; then, the فخذ [or thigh]; and then, the فصيلة, which is the shank: to these some add the عَشِتيرَة, which consists of few in comparison with what are before mentioned: (TA:) and some add after this the رَهْط: some also add the جِذْم before the شعب: (TA in art. بطن:) the pl. is as above. (TA.) It signifies also A nation, people, race, or family of mankind; syn. جِيلٌ; as expl. by IM and others: in the K, [and in a copy of the A,] erroneously, جَبَل [a mountain]: (TA:) but it is [strangely] said by Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree that accord. to all except Bundár, the word in this sense is ↓ شِعْبٌ, with kesr. (MF.) And the pl., شُعُوبٌ, is [said to be] especially applied to denote the foreigners (العَجَم): (TA:) [thus it is said that] the phrase, in a trad., إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعُوبِ

أَسْلَمَ means [Verily a man] of the foreigners (العَجَم) [became a Muslim: but see الشُّعُوبِيَّةُ]. (S.) b4: Also, [as implying separation,] Distance, or remoteness. (A, K.) So in the phrase شَعْبُ الدَّارِ [The distance, or remoteness, of the abode, or dwelling]. (TA.) b5: And A crack (S, A, K, TA) in a thing, (S,) which the شَعَّاب repairs. (S, * TA.) b6: And The place of junction [i. e. the suture] of the قَبَائِل [or principal bones] of the head; (K;) the شَأْن which conjoins the قبائل of the head: the قبائل in the head being [the frontal bone, the occipital bone, and the two parietal bones; in all,] four in number. (S.) b7: [Hence, perhaps,] هُمَا شَعْبَانِ (assumed tropical:) They two are likes [or like each other]. (S.) b8: See also شِعْبٌ.

A2: Also Distant, or remote; (K;) as in the phrase مَآءٌ شَعْبٌ [Distant, or remote, water]: pl. شُعُوبٌ. (TA.) شُعْبٌ: see the dual شُعْبَانِ voce شُعْبَةٌ.

شِعْبٌ A road: (Msb:) or a road in a mountain: (S, A, O, L, Msb, K:) primarily a road in a mountain (Har p. 29) and in valleys: (Id. p. 72:) afterwards applied to any road: (Id. p. 29:) [see also مَشْعَبٌ:] pl. شِعَابٌ. (S, O, Msb.) And A water-course, or place in which water flows, in [a low, or depressed, tract, such as is called] a بَطْن of land, (ISh, A, O, K,) having two elevated borders, and in width equal to the stature of a man lying down, and sometimes between the two faces, or acclivities, of two mountains. (ISh, O.) Or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (A,) A ravine, or gap, [or pass,] between two mountains. (A, K.) b2: Also [A reef of rocks in the sea: so in the present day: or] a زِرْبَة or زَرَبَة (accord. to different copies of the K in art. جهن [but neither of these two words do I find in their proper art. in any Lex.]) in the sea, such as is connected with the shore: if not connected with the shore, a bowshot distant, it is called جُهْنٌ. (K and TA in art. جهن.) b3: And A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, (S, K,) upon camels, (K,) peculiar to the Benoo-Minkar, in form resembling the [hooked stick called] مِحْجَن: (S:) or a brand upon the thigh, lengthwise, [consisting of] two lines meeting at the top and separated at the bottom: (ISh, TA:) or a brand united [at the upper part and] at the lower part separated: (Aboo-' Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” TA: [but there is an omission here, so that the reverse may perhaps be meant:]) or a brand upon the neck, like the مِحْجَن: (Suh in the R, TA:) in a marginal note in the copy of the L, it is said that شعب signifying a brand is with kesr to the ش and with fet-h [i. e. شِعْبٌ and ↓ شَعْبٌ]. (TA.) b4: See also شَعْبٌ. b5: [And see the pl. شِعَابٌ below.]

شَعَبٌ Width, or distance, (A, K,) or great width or distance, (S,) between the horns (S, A, K) of a goat (S, TA) and of a gazelle, (TA,) and between the shoulders, (A, K,) and between two branches. (A.) [See also 1, last signification.]

شُعْبَةٌ: see شَعْبٌ, second sentence. b2: Also The space, or interstice, between two horns: and between two branches: (K:) pl. شُعَبٌ and شِعَابٌ, (K, * TA,) in this and all the following senses. (TA.) b3: And A cleft in a mountain, to which birds (الطَّيْرُ, for which المَطَرُ is erroneously substituted in [several of] the copies of the K, TA) resort: pl. as above. (K, TA.) b4: Also A branch of a tree, (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, TA,) growing out a part, or divaricating, therefrom: (Msb, * TA:) or the extremity of a branch: (K, TA: [said in the latter to be tropical in this latter sense; but why, I see not:]) pl. شُعَبٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) and شِعَابٌ, as above. (TA.) And شُعَبُ الغُصْنِ The divaricating, or straggling, [branchlets, or] extremities [or shoots or stalks] of the branch. (TA.) And [hence] عَصًا فِى رَأْسِهَا شُعْبَتَانِ [A staff having at his head two forking portions or projections]; (A, TA;) and Az mentions, as heard by him from the Arabs, ↓ شُعْبَانِ, without ت, instead of شُعْبَتَانِ in this phrase. (L, TA.) And شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ رَيْحَانٍ [A sprig, spray, bunch, or branchlet, of sweet basil, or of sweet-smelling plants]: and شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ شَعَرٍ [and مِنْ صُوفٍ A lock, or flock, of hair and of wool]. (JK in art. طوق.) And أَنَا شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ دَوْحَتِكَ (tropical:) [I am a branch, or branchlet, of thy great tree]. (A, TA.) And مَسْأَلَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ الشُّعَبِ (assumed tropical:) [A question having many branches, or ramifications]. (Msb.) and [the pl.] شُعَبٌ [as meaning] (tropical:) The fingers: (K, TA:) one says, قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ بِشُعَبِ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He laid hold upon it with his fingers. (A, TA.) and قَعَدَ بَيْنَ شُعْبَتَيْهَا (tropical:) He sat between her two legs: (A:) and بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الأَرْبَعِ (tropical:) [He sat (in the Mgh قَعَدَ, as implied in the A, and in the Msb جَلَسَ,)] between her arms and her legs; (A, Mgh, Msb, K;) or between her legs and the شُفْرَانِ [dual of شُفْرٌ, q. v.,] of her فَرْج; (A, Mgh, K;) occurring in a trad.; (Mgh, Msb;) an allusion to جِمَاع. (A, Mgh, Msb, K.) And شُعْبَتَا الرَّحْلِ (assumed tropical:) The شَرْخَانِ [or two upright pieces of wood] of the camel's saddle; its قَادِمَة and its آخِرَه. (Mgh.) And اِغْرِزِ اللَّحْمَ فِى شُعَبِ السَّفُّودِ (tropical:) [Infix thou the flesh-meat upon the prongs of the roastinginstrument]. (A, TA.) And شُعْبَةُ مِنْجَلٍ (assumed tropical:) [A tooth of a reaping-hook]. (K in art. سن.) and شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ شُعَبِ السِّينِ (assumed tropical:) [A tooth, or cusp, of the teeth, or cusps, of the س]; the شُعَب of the س being three. (S and L in art. س.) And شُعَبُ الفَرَسِ (tropical:) The outer parts, or regions, of the horse (أَقْطَارُهُ, A, or نَوَاحِيهِ, K); all of them: (K:) or the prominent parts (S, K) of them, (K,) or of him; (S, and so in some copies of the K;) as the neck, and the مِنْسَج [or withers, &c.], (S, TA,) and the crests of the hips, (TA,) or such as his head, and his حَارِك [or withers, &c.], and the crests of his hips. (A.) b5: Also A small water-course, or channel in which water flows; as in the phrase شُعْبَةٌ حَافِلٌ a small water-course filled with a torrent: (S:) or a water-course in sand; (K;) or in the elevated part of a depressed tract into which sand has poured and remained. (TA.) And A small portion of a [water-course such as is called] تَلْعَة; or what is smaller than a تَلْعَة; accord. to different copies of the K; الشُّعْبَةُ being expl. as meaning مَا صَغُرَ مِنَ التَّلْعَةِ, and, in one copy, عَنِ التَّلْعَةِ. (TA.) And Such as is large, of the channels for irrigation of valleys: (K, TA:) or, as some say, a branch from a تَلْعَة, and from a valley, or torrent-bed, taking a different course therefrom: pl. as above. (TA.) b6: and A portion, part, or piece, of a thing; or somewhat thereof: (S, Msb, K, TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) One says, اِشْعَبْ لِى شُعْبَةً مِنَ المَالِ Give thou to me a portion of the property. (TA.) And فِى يَدِهِ شُعْبَةُ خَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [In his hand is somewhat of good, or of wealth]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., الحَيَآءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ (assumed tropical:) Modesty is a part of faith: and in another, الشَّبَابُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الجُنُونِ (assumed tropical:) [Youth is a part of insanity]. (TA.) In explanation of the phrase, in the Kur [lxxvii. 30], إِلَى ظِلٍّ ذِى ثَلَاثِ شُعَبٍ [Unto a shade, or shadow, having three parts, or divisions], it is said that the fire [of Hell], on the day of resurrection, will divide into three parts; and whenever they shall attempt to go forth to a place, it will repel them: by ظِلّ being here meant that the fire will form a covering; for [literally] there will be no ظِلّ in this case. (Th, L.) b7: And A piece such as is called رُؤبَة, with which a wooden bowl [or the like] is repaired. (S.) b8: Accord. to Lth, (T, TA,) شُعَبُ الدَّهْرِ means (tropical:) The changes, or vicissitudes, of time or fortune; (T, A, TA;) and he cites the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, وَلَا تُقَسِّمُ شَعْبًا وَاحِدًا شُعَبُ which he explains by saying, i. e. I thought that one thing, or state of things, would not be divided into many things, or states: [i. e. Nor did I think that the vicissitudes of fortune would divide one whole body of men into many parties:] but Az disapproves of this explanation, and says that شُعَب here means Intentions, designs, or purposes: he says that the poet describes tribes assembled together in the [season called] رَبِيع, who, when they desired to return to the watering-places, differed in their intentions, or designs; wherefore he says, Nor did I think that various intentions would divide [one whole body of men who before had] a consentient intention. (L, TA.) b9: [See also the pl. شِعَابٌ below.]

شَعْبَانُ, imperfectly decl., (Msb,) The name of a month [i. e. the eighth month of the Arabian year]: pl. شَعْبَانَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and شَعَابِينُ: (Msb, K:) so called from تَشَعَّبَ “ it became separated; ” (K, TA;) because therein they used to separate, or disperse themselves, in search of water [when the months were regulated by the solar year; this month then corresponding partly to June and partly to July, as shown voce زَمَنٌ, q. v.]; or, as some say, for predatory expeditions [after having been restrained therefrom during the sacred month of Rejeb]; or, accord. to some, as Th says, from شَعَبَ “ it appeared; ” because of its appearance between the months of Rejeb and Ramadán. (TA.) b2: غَزَالُ شَعْبَانَ A certain insect, (K, * TA,) a species of the جُنْدَب, or of the جُخْدُب. (TA.) شِعَابٌ pl. of شِعْبٌ: (S, O, Msb:) and of شُعْبَةٌ. (K, TA.) b2: شَغَلَتْ شِعَابِى جَدْوَاىَ is a prov., [expl. as] meaning The abundance of the food [that I have to procure for my family] has occupied me so as to divert me from giving to people: (S, TA:) [Z considers شعاب, here, as pl. of شُعْبَةٌ

“ a branch,” and as meaning duties, and relations: (Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 653:)] but El-Mundhiree says that شِعَابِى is a mistranscription: the other reading is سَعَاتِى, meaning “ my expending upon my family. ” (Meyd. [See also سَعَاةٌ, in art. سعو and سعى.]) شَعُوبُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) without the article ال, and imperfectly decl., (Msb,) and الشَّعُوبُ, (A, Msb, K,) with the article, and perfectly decl., (Msb,) but several authors disallow this latter, accounting it wrong; (TA;) a name for Death; (S, A, * Msb, K; *) so called because it separates men: (S, Msb:) the former is a proper name: (Msb:) J says [in the S] that it is determinate, and does not admit the article ال: in the L, it is said that شَعُوبُ and الشَّعُوبُ both signify as above; and that in either case it may be originally an epithet, being like the epithets قَتُول and ضَرُوب; and if so, the article in this case is as in العَبَّاسُ and الحَسَنُ and الحٰرِثُ: and this opinion is confirmed by what is said of its derivation: but he who says شَعُوب, without the article, makes the word a pure substantive, and deprives it literally of the character of an epithet; wherefore the article is not necessarily attached to it, as it is not to عَبَّاس and حٰرِث; yet the essence of an epithet is in it still, as in the instance of جَابِرُ بْنُ حَبَّةَ, a name for “ bread,” so called because it reinvigorates the hungry; and as in وَاسِط, [a certain town] so called, accord. to Sb, because midway between El-'Irák [' Irák el-'Ajam] and El-Basrah: thus in the L. (TA.) One says of a person when he has been at the point of death and then escaped, أَقَصَّتْهُ شَعُوبُ [Death became near to him]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., فَمَا زِلْتُ وَاضِعًا رِجْلِى

عَلَى خَدِّهِ حَتَّى أَزَرْتُهُ شَعُوبَ, i. e. [And I ceased not putting my foot upon his cheek until] I made death to visit him. (TA.) شَعِيبٌ A [leathern water-bag such as is called]

مَزَادَة [q. v.]; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) as also رَاوِيَةٌ and سَطِيحَةٌ: (A'Obeyd, S:) or one that has been repaired, or pieced: (TA:) or one that is made of two hides: (K:) or one that is made of two hides facing each other, without فِئَام at their corners; فئام in [the making of] مَزَايِد being the taking of the hide and folding it, and then adding at the sides what will widen it: or one that is pieced (تُفْأَمُ) with a third skin, between the two skins, that it may be rendered wider: or one that is made of two pieces joined together: (TA:) or one that is sewed (مَخْرُوزَة, K and TA, in the CK مَحْزُوزَة,) on both sides: (K:) called thus because one part is joined to another: (L, TA:) pl. شُعُبٌ. (K, * TA.) b2: Also An old, worn-out skin for water or milk: (K:) because it is pieced, or repaired: (TA:) pl. as above. (K.) b3: and A camel's saddle; syn. رَحْلٌ: because it is joined, part to part: so in the saying of El-Marrár, describing a she-camel, إِذَا هِىَ خَرَّتْ خَرَّ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهَا شَعِيبٌ بِهِ إِحْمَامُهَا وَلُغُوبُهَا [When she falls down, or fell down, there falls down, or fell down, from her right side a saddle by reason of which was her fevered and jaded state]. (TA.) b4: And رَجُلٌ شَعِيبٌ i. q. غَرِيبٌ [A man who is a stranger, &c.]. (AA, TA voce غَرِيبٌ.) شِعَابَةٌ The art, or craft, of repairing cracks [in wooden bowls &c., by piecing them]. (TA.) شُعُوبِىٌّ: see what next follows.

الشُّعُوبِيَّةُ A sect which does not prefer, or exalt, the Arabs above the 'Ajam [or foreigners or Persians]: (S:) or a sect which prefers, or exalts, the 'Ajam above the Arabs: (Msb:) or those who despise the circumstances, or condition, of the Arabs; (A, * K;) one of whom is called ↓ شُعُوبِىٌّ; (A, K;) a rel. n. formed from the pl., (IM, Msb, TA,) شُعُوبٌ being predominantly applied to the 'Ajam; (IM, TA;) like أَنْصَارِىٌّ [from الأَنْصَارُ]. (IM, Msb, * TA.) In the phrase إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعُوبِ أَسْلَمَ, occurring in a trad., [and mentioned before, voce شَعْبٌ,] الشعوب may mean العَجَم; or it may be [used as] a pl. of الشُّعُوبِىُّ, like as اليَهُودُ and المَجُوسُ are [used as] pls. of اليَهُودِىُّ and المَجُوسِىُّ. (IAth, TA.) شَعَّابٌ A repairer of cracks [in wooden bowls &c., by piecing them]. (S, Msb, TA.) الشَّاعِبَانِ The two shoulders: (K:) because wide apart: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) أَشْعَبُ A goat, (S, TA,) and a gazelle, (A, TA,) wide, (A,) or very wide, (S, TA,) between the horns: (S, A, TA:) [and app., between the shoulders: (see شَعِبَ:)] fem. شَعْبَآءُ: (TA:) and pl. شُعْبٌ. (S, A, TA.) A2: It is also the name of a certain very covetous man [who became proverbial for his covetousness, and hence it is used as an epithet]: (S, K:) so in the saying, لَا تَكُنْ

أَشْعَبَ فَتَتْعَبَ [Be not thou an Ash'ab, for in that case thou wilt become fatigued, or wearied, by thy endeavours]; (K;) a prov.: (TA:) and so in the prov., أَطْمَعُ مِنْ أَشْعَبَ [More covetous than Ash'ab]. (S.) مَشْعَبٌ A way, road, or path, (S, Msb, K,) [in an absolute sense, or] branching off from another. (Msb.) مَشْعَبُ الحَقِّ means The way [of truth, or] that distinguishes between truth and falsity. (K.) مِشْعَبٌ An instrument by means of which a crack in a [wooden bowl or some other] thing is repaired [by piecing it]; an instrument used for perforating, a drill, or the like, (K, TA,) by means of which the شَعَّاب repairs a vessel. (TA.) قَصْعَةٌ مُشَعَّبَةٌ [A wooden bowl] repaired in several places [by closing up its cracks, or by piecing it]. (S.) b2: See also what follows.

مَشْعُوبٌ applied to a camel, (K,) and ↓ مُشَعَّبَةٌ applied to a number of camels, (TA,) Marked with the brand called شِعْب. (K, TA.)

شعث

1 شَعِثَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَعَثٌ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) It (hair) was, or became, shaggy, or dishevelled, (A, Mgh,) and frouzy, or altered in odour, (Mgh,) in consequence of its being seldom dressed: (A, Mgh:) or it was, or became, defiled with dust, and matted, or compacted, in consequence of its being seldom anointed: (Msb:) or, accord. to El-Ghooree, it wanted oil, or ointment: (Har p. 50:) and ↓ تشعّت signifies [the same: or] it was, or became, matted, or compacted, (K, TA,) and dusty. (TA.) And the former verb, [and app. ↓ the latter also,] It (the head) was, or became, dusty, not being renovated [by dressing or anointing], nor cleansed. (Msb.) Also the former verb, aor. as above, (L, K, and Ham p.

469,) inf. n. شَعَثٌ (S, L, K, and Ham) and شُعُوثَةٌ, (L and Ham,) He was, or became, shaggy, or dishevelled, in the hair, (JM, PS,) and frouzy, or altered in odour, in consequence of its being seldom dressed: (JM:) or it signifies (or signifies also, JM) he had a dusty head, (S, L, K, JM,) and plucked hair, unanointed; (L;) or he had matted, or compacted, and dusty, hair: (L, and Ham p. 469:) and in like manner ↓ تشعّث. (L.) b2: شَعَثٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ تَشَعُّثٌ, (S, K, TA,) [or each,] also signifies (tropical:) The being separated, or disunited, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and spread out, (Msb,) and uncompacted, (TA,) like as is the head of the سِوَاك [or tooth-stick, by its being bruised, or battered, or mangled by blows]. (Msb, TA.) You say, رَأْسُ السِّوَاكِ ↓ تشعّث, (Msb, TA,) and الوَتِدِ, (A, TA,) (tropical:) The head of the tooth-stick, and of the wooden peg or stake, became disintegrated; or separated, disunited, or uncompacted, in its component parts [or its fibres; or rendered brushy; by its being bruised, or battered, or mangled by blows]. (TA.) And ↓ تشعّثوا (tropical:) They [meaning men] became separated, disunited, dispersed, or scattered. (A.) b3: and شَعِثَ, aor. as above, (TK,) inf. n. شَعَثٌ, said of the state of affairs, (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, dissolved, broken up, discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled. (S, * A, * K, * TA, TK. [In the S and A and K, this is placed as the first of all the meanings in this art.; and in the A, it is mentioned among the meanings that are proper, not tropical; but in my opinion it is tropical. See also شَعَثٌ below.]) 2 شَعّثهُ, inf. n. تَشْعِيثٌ, He rendered it (i. e. hair) [shaggy, or dishevelled, and frouzy: (see 1:) or] matte, or compacted, and dusty: or he rendered him [shaggy, or dishevelled, and frouzy, in his hair: or] matted, or compacted, and dusty, in his hair. (TA.) b2: تَشْعِيثٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The separating, disuniting, dispersing, or scattering, a thing. (S.) And (assumed tropical:) The making to separated like as do rivers and branches. (L.) [Hence,] شعّث رَأْسَ السِّوَاكِ (tropical:) [He made the head of the tooth-stick to become disintegrated; or separated, disunited, or uncompacted, in its component parts or its fibres; or rendered it brushy; by bruising it, battering it, or mangling it by blows: see 1]. (A.) b3: شعّث السَّنَا (tropical:) He took of the straggling branches, or sprigs, of the senna, without pulling it up by the roots. (TA, from a trad.) b4: See also 5, in two places. b5: شعّث النَّاسُ فِى الطَّعْنِ عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) The people took, or began, to impugn his character, censure him, reproach him, or speak against him, by befouling his reputation (بِتَشْعِيثِ عِرْضِهِ). (TA, from a trad.) b6: And شعّث مِنْهُ (assumed tropical:) He detracted from his reputation; syn. غَضَّ مِنْهُ and تَنَقَّصَهُ: from الشَّعَثُ [as inf. n. of 1 in the last of the senses assigned to it above,] meaning اِنْتِشَارُ الأَمْرِ. (L.) b7: And also, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He repelled from him, or defended him: (K:) or he defended his reputation. (TA.) [Thus it has two contr. meanings.]4 اشعث مِنِّى فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one was angry by reason of me; syn. غَضِبَ. (A. [But this I have not found elsewhere; and I almost think that اشعث, in my copy of the A, may be a mistranscription for شعّث; and غَضِبَ, for غَضَّ.]) 5 تَشَعَّثَ see 1, in six places.

A2: تَشَعُّثٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The act of taking; syn. أَخْذٌ; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَشْعِيثٌ. (TA.) One says, تشعّثهُ الدَّهْرُ (assumed tropical:) Time, or fortune, took him. (TA.) And تشعّث مَالَهُ He took his property. (TK.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The eating little of food; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَشِْعيثٌ: whence one says, شَعَّثْتُ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ I ate little of the food. (TA.) شَعْثٌ: see the next paragraph.

شَعَثٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (L, Msb, &c.) b2: [Hence,] لَمَّ اللّٰهُ شَعَثَكَ, (S,) and شَعَثَكُمْ, (A,) i. e. (tropical:) [May God rectify, or repair, and consolidate, what is discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, of thy, and your, affairs; (see art. لم;) or] consolidate thy, and your, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, state of affairs: (S, A: * [in the latter expressly distinguished as tropical:]) [and so ↓ شَعْثَكَ, and شَعْثَكُمْ; perhaps by poetic license; for] Kaab Ibn-Málik El-Ansáree says, لَمَّ الْإِلٰهُ بِهٍ شَعْثًا وَرَمَّ بِهِ

أُمُورَ أُمَّتِهِ وَالأَمْرُ مُنْتَشِرُ (assumed tropical:) [God rectified and consolidated, by him, a discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, state of affairs, and repaired, by him, the affairs of his people, when the state of affairs was broken up]. (TA.) It is said in a trad., as a form of prayer, أَسْأَلُكَ رَحْمَةً تَلُمُّ بِهَا شَعَثِى i. e. (tropical:) [I ask of Thee mercy] whereby thou shalt consolidate what is discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, of my state of affairs. (TA.) شَعِثٌ, applied to hair, Shaggy, or dishevelled: (MA:) [or shaggy, or dishevelled, and frouzy, or altered in odour, in consequence of its being seldom dressed: (see 1, first sentence:)] or defiled with dust, and matted, or compacted, in consequence of its being seldom anointed. (Msb.) And in a similar sense applied to the head of a مِسْوَاك [or tooth-stick, meaning (assumed tropical:) Disintegrated; or separated, disunited, or uncompacted, in its fibres; or rendered brushy; by its being bruised, &c.; and so as applied to the head of a wooden peg or stake; as indicated by an explanation of its verb]. (MA.) [And in the TA it is applied to a plant, as meaning (assumed tropical:) Straggling.] See also أَشْعَثُ. b2: And (assumed tropical:) A man dirty in the body. (Msb.) شَعَثَةٌ A place of [or in] the hair that is شَعِث [or shaggy, or dishevelled, &c.]. (TA.) شَعْثَانُ, and شَعْثَانُ الرَّأْسِ: see what next follows.

أَشْعَثُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and أَشْعَثُ الرَّأْسِ, (K,) and ↓ شَعِثٌ, (Mgh, TA,) [and شَعِثُ الرَّأْسِ,] and ↓ شَعْثَانُ, (TA,) and شَعْثَانُ الرَّأْسِ, (K,) applied to a man, (A, Mgh, Msb,) Having the hair shaggy, or dishevelled, and frouzy, or altered in odour, in consequence of its being seldom dressed: (Mgh:) or having the hair defiled with dust, and matted, or compacted, in consequence of its being seldom anointed: (Msb:) or having the head dusty, (S, A, K, TA,) and the hair plucked, and unanointed: (TA:) fem. of the first شَعْثَآءُ, applied to a woman: (A, Msb:) and شُعْثٌ [is its pl., and] is applied to horses, as meaning [having shaggy coats,] not curried: (S:) or dusty by reason of long journeying. (Ham p. 130, [See and ex. from a poet, voce آيَةٌ.]) The first [or each] is also applied to a head, as meaning Dusty, not renovated [by dressing or anointing], nor cleansed. (Msb.) b2: الأَشْعَثُ (tropical:) The wooden peg or stake: (A, K, TA:) so in a verse of El-Kumeyt cited in the first paragraph of art. حف: an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant: (TA:) so called because its head is disintegrated; or separated, disunited, or uncompacted, in its component parts [or its fibres; by its being battered by blows]. (A, * TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) What has dried up of the [barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (K, TA:) [or] it is so called when its prickles have dried. (TA.)

شحج

1 شَحَجَ, aor. ـَ and شَحِجَ, inf. n. شَحِيجٌ (S, O, K) and شُحَاجٌ (As, S, O, K) and شَحَجَانٌ (O, K) and تَشْحَاجٌ; (O, L;) and ↓ تشحّج; and ↓ استشحج; (L, TA;) He uttered his voice or cry; [brayed; croaked;] said of a mule, (S, O, K, &c.,) and of an ass, (ISd, O,) and of a raven, or crow; (S, O, K, &c.;) and sometimes, (tropical:) of a man: (L:) or شَحِيجٌ is used in relation to a mule; and شَحَجَانٌ, in relation to a raven, or crow: (T, TA:) or the former of these two signifies the reiterating of the voice or cry of the raven, or crow; and when it stretches forth its head [and croaks], you say نَعَبَ: and accord. to the L, the first and second inf. ns., used in relation to an ass, signify the uttering certain of his voices or cries: Th is thought by ISd to have mentioned also شَحِجَ; but the latter doubts its correctness: and شُحَاجٌ is also expl. as signifying the raising of the voice; but as used more especially in relation to the mule and the ass. (TA.) شَحَجَ is also said of a raven, or crow, meaning He, being advanced in age, had a rough, or harsh, voice or cry: (O, K:) [he croaked roughly, or harshly, by reason of age:] it is said in the M that شَحِيجٌ and شُحَاجٌ signify the crying of a raven, or crow, when advanced in age. (TA.) 5 تَشَحَّجَ see the preceding paragraph.10 استشحج [He desired a raven, or crow, to croak]. One says of ravens, or crows, اُسْتُشْحِجْنَ فَشَحَجْنَ [They were desired to croak, and they croaked]. (O, K.) b2: See also 1.

شَحَّاجٌ, applied to a mule, an ass, and a raven or crow, that brays, or croaks, or raises its voice, much: and by Er-Rá'ee it is applied to (tropical:) a مُؤَذِّن. (TA.) b2: بَنَاتُ شَحَّاجٍ, (S, A, O, K,) and ↓ شَاحِجٍ, (L,) Mules: (S, A, O, K:) and asses. (A, TA.) b3: And شَحَّاجٌ and ↓ مِشْحَجٌ The wild ass: (S, O, K:) in the L said to be the wild pigeon: [but حمام is evidently there a mistranscription for حِمَار:] each an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (TA.) بَنَاتُ شَاحِجٍ: see شَحَّاجٌ. b2: شَوَاحِجُ [pl. of شَاحِجَةٌ] Ravens, or crows: which are also called ↓ مُسْتَشْحَجَاتٌ and ↓ مُسْتَشْحِجَاتٌ, meaning desired to croak and croaking. (O, K.) Dhu-r-Rummeh uses the phrase بِالفِرَاقِ ↓ مُسْتَشْحِجَاتٌ [Ravens croaking by reason of separation]. (O, TA.) مِشْحَجٌ: see شَحَّاجٌ.

مُسْتَشْحَجَاتٌ: see the next but one of the preceding paragraphs, in three places.

شهد

1 شَهِدَ, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَهُدَ, aor. ـُ (K;) also pronounced and written شَهْدَ, (Akh, S, K,) and شِهْدَ, and شِهِدَ, accord. to a rule applying to all verbs of the measure فَعِلَ of which the medial radical letter is a faucial; (MF;) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and شهد; (TA;) [there written without any syll. sign, and not found by me in any other Lex.;]) He told, or gave information of, what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) he declared what he knew: he gave testimony, attestation, or evidence; he bore witness: (L:) he gave decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) [See also شَهَادَةٌ below.] You say, شَهِدَ بِكَذَا, inf. n. as above, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) He told, or gave information of, such a thing, as having witnessed it, or seen or beheld it with his eye; (Mgh, Msb;) or declared such a thing as knowing it; (L;) or gave his testimony, attestation, or evidence, respecting it; or bore witness of it, or to it; (S, A, L, K;) عِنْدَ الحَاكِمِ [in the presence of the judge]; لِفُلَانٍ [for, or in favour of, such a one], (S, Mgh, L, K,) and عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against, or in opposition to, such a one]. (Mgh.) And شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا He gave decisive information [respecting such a thing (as in the Kur xlvi. 9, and in many other instances); he testified respecting it]. (S, L. [See also another meaning of this phrase in what follows.]) [Hence,] شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا هُوَ, in the Kur [iii. 16], means God hath given evidence that there is no deity but He: (Abu-l- 'Abbás, IAmb, Jel:) or God knoweth &c.; (Ah-mad Ibn-Yahyà, K;) and so شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ throughout the Kur-án: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà:) or God saith &c.: or God hath written &c. (K.) And أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّااللّٰهُ I know, (Msb, K,) [or acknowledge,] and I declare, [or testify, that there is no deity but God:] (K:) [Fei says,] the verb is trans. in this phrase by itself [i. e. without the intervention of a prep.] because it is used in the sense of أَعْلَمُ. (Msb.) [And hence, كَلِمَةُ الشَّهَادَةِ means The sentence declaring that there is no deity but God and that Mohammad is God's apostle.] b2: شَهِدَ بِاللّٰهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (Mgh,) means He swore by God: (Mgh, Msb:) and أَشْهَدُ بِكَذَا I swear by such a thing. (S, K.) أَشْهَدُ بِاللّٰهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا I swear by God that such a thing happened, or took place, combines the meaning of witnessing with that of swearing and that of informing at the time of uttering these words; as though the speaker said, I swear by God that I witnessed such a thing, and now I inform of it. (Msb.) Accord. to some, when one says only أَشْهَدُ, not adding بِاللّٰهِ, it is an oath. (TA.) b3: شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا, a phrase of which one meaning has been expl. above, means also He became a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to, such a thing; (S, K;) he had knowledge of such a thing, and witnessed it, or saw it or beheld it with his eye: (Msb:) and شَهِدَهُ, (Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (L,) [likewise] signifies he witnessed it; or saw, or beheld, it, or him, with his eye; (Mgh, L;) and (Mgh, L, Msb) so ↓ شاهدهُ, (A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُشَاهَدَةٌ. (S, A, L, Msb.) [Hence,] one says, مِنْهُ حَالٌ جَمِيلَةٌ ↓ شُوهِدَتْ [A comely, or pleasing, state, or condition, of him was witnessed]. (A.) b4: And شَهِدَهُ, (aor. ـَ K,) inf. n. شُهُودٌ, He was, or became, present at it, or in it; (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K;) namely, a place, (Mgh,) or an assembly. (Msb.) Hence the saying, (Msb,) فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ, in the Kur [ii. 181], Therefore whosoever of you shall be present in the month, and stationary, not journeying, he shall fast therein (Mgh, Msb) as long as he shall remain present and stationary: (Msb:) الشهر being here in the accus. case as an adv. n. of time. (Mgh, Msb.) [And hence,] شَهِدَ الجُمْعَةَ He attained to [the being present at] the جُمْعَة [here meaning, as in many other instances, the prayer of Friday]: (Mgh:) and شَهِدَ العِيدَ he attained to [the being present at] the عِيد [or festival, or the prayer thereof]. (Msb.) [Hence also,] it is said in a trad., يَشْهَدُ بَيْعَكُمُ الحَلِفُ وَاللَّغْوُ [Swearing, and unprofitable speech, attend your selling]. (TA in art. شوب: see 1 in that art.) 2 شَهَّدَ see 4.3 شَاْهَدَ see 1, latter half, in two places.4 أَشْهَدْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا I made him to be a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to such a thing: (S, Mgh, L:) [and in like manner,] أَشْهَدْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I made him to have knowledge of the thing, and to witness it, or see it or behold it with his eye. (Msb.) See also 10. إِشْهَادٌ in relation to criminal matters means [The causing one to take notice of a thing that threatens to occasion some injury, with a view to the prevention of such injury; as, for instance,] the saying to the owner of a house, “ This thy wall is leaning, therefore demolish it,” or “ feared, therefore repair it. ” (Mgh.) b2: اشهدهُ also signifies He caused him to be present. (K.) You say, أَشْهَدَنِى إِمْلَاكَهُ He caused me to be present [at, or on the occasion of, his being put in possession]. (S.) b3: أُشْهِدَ: see 10.

A2: اشهد [as intrans.] (assumed tropical:) Humorem tenuem e pene emisit vir propter lusum amatorium vel osculum; (S, K;) as also ↓ شهّد, (K,) inf. n. تَشْهِيدٌ: (TA:) [from شَهْدٌ signifying “ honey; ” for] عُسَيْلَةٌ is a term for مَذْىٌ. (S.) (assumed tropical:) He rendered his مِئْزَر [or waist-wrapper] of a reddish hue and of a dark dust-colour (أَخْضَر) [by the act above-mentioned]. (L.) (assumed tropical:) He (a boy) attained to puberty. (Th, TA.) And اشهدت She (a girl) menstruated: and attained to puberty. (K.) 5 التَّشَهُّدُ in prayer is well known; (S, K;) The reciting of the form of words commencing with التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلّٰهِ: [see art. حى:] from the occurrence therein of the words أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. (Mgh, * TA. [See also Har p. 611.]) b2: And تَشَهَّدَ also signifies He sought, or desired to obtain, martyrdom. (L.) 10 استشهدهُ He asked him, or required him, to tell what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye; to declare what he knew; to give testimony, or evidence; to bear witness; or to give decisive information. (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K.) You say, اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى فُلَانٍ I asked, or required, [or cited, or summoned,] such a one to give his testimony, or evidence, or to bear witness, against such a one. (L.) And اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى إِقْرَارِ الغَرِيمِ and ↓ أَشْهَدْتُهُ I asked, or required, [&c., and made,] the man to bear witness to, or to be witness of or to, the confession, or acknowledgment, of the debtor. (L.) b2: [Hence,] استشهد بِبَيْتٍ عَلَى مَعْنَى كَلِمَةٍ [He adduced, or urged, or cited, a verse as an evidential example of the meaning of a word]. (A phrase of frequent occurrence in the larger lexicons.) b3: اُسْتُشْهِدَ (S, K) and ↓ أُشْهِدَ (K) He was slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) شَهْدٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, first sentence.

A2: Also, and ↓ شُهْدٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Temeem, and the latter of the people of El-'Áliyeh, (Msb, TA,) Honey: (K:) or honey in its wax [i. e. its comb]; (S, Msb;) honey not expressed from its wax [or comb]: (TA:) pl. شِهَادٌ: (S, Msb, K:) شَهْدَةٌ is a more particular term, (S, K,) the n. un., [signifying a portion thereof; and a honey-comb, or a portion of a honey-comb;] as also شُهْدَةٌ. (TA.) شُهْدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شُهُودٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, in two places.

شَهِيدٌ is also written and pronounced شِهِيدٌ, with kesr to the ش: (K, TA:) and in like manner is every word of the measure فَعِيلٌ having a faucial letter for its, medial radical, whether an epithet, like this, or a subst., like رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ: ElHemdánee says, in the “ Iaráb el-Kur-án,” that the people of El-Hijáz, and Benoo-Asad, say رَحِيمٌ and رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ, with fet-h to the first letter; and Keys and Rabee'ah and Temeem say رَحِيمٌ and رِغِيفٌ and بِعِيرٌ, with kesr to the first letter: Sub says, in the R, that Temeem pronounce every فَعِيل of which the medial radical letter is hemzeh or any other faucial with kesr to the first letter: and En-Nawawee states, on the authority of Lth, that some of the Arabs do the same when the medial radical letter is not a faucial; as in كبير and كريم and جليل and the like thereof. (TA.) [This last pronunciation obtains extensively in the present day: and so, in similar cases, does the intermediate pronunciation termed إِمَالَةُ الفَتْحِ, (i. e. the pronouncing fet-h like “ e ” in the English word “ bed,”) which may be justly regarded as the best to be followed because intermediate and because sanctioned by the usage of the classical times, except in cases that are pointed out by the grammarians as presenting obstacles to the pronunciation thus termed.] b2: شَهِيدٌ is syn. with شَاهِدٌ [in several senses, as shown below]: and its pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, K.) See شَاهِدٌ, in six places. b3: Also Possessing much knowledge with respect to external things: خَبِيرٌ is used in the like sense with respect to internal things; and عَلِيمٌ, in the like sense absolutely. (L.) [Hence, perhaps,] وَادْعُوا شُهَدآءَكُمْ, in the Kur ii. 21, [as though meaning And call ye to your aid those of you who possess much knowledge: or] the meaning here is, your helpers: (Bd:) or your gods whom ye worship. (Jel.) الشَّهِيدُ as a name of God means The Faithful, or Trusty, in his testimony (Zj, L,) or in testimony: (K:) and (Zj, K) as some say, (Zj,) He from whose knowledge nothing is hidden; the Omniscient. (Zj, L, K.) b4: Also, derived from الشَّهَادَةُ, or from المُشَاهَدَةُ, or from الشُّهُودُ, [all inf. ns.,] accord. to different opinions; (TA;) and of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (Msb, TA;) or in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ; (TA;) A martyr who is slain in the cause of God's religion; (S, K;) [i. e.] one who is slain by unbelievers on a field of battle; (Msb;) one who is slain fighting in the cause of God's religion: (IAth:) so called because the angels of mercy are present with him; (K;) because the angels are present at the washing of his corpse, or at the removal of his soul to Paradise: (Msb:) or because God and his angels are witnesses for him of his title to a place in Paradise: (IAmb, Mgh, * K:) or because he is one of those who shall be required to bear witness on the day of resurrection, (K, TA,) with the Prophet, (TA,) against the people of past times, (K, TA,) who charged their prophets with falsehood: (TA:) or because of his falling upon the ↓ شَاهِدَة, or ground: (K:) or because he is still living, and present with his Lord: (ISh, Mgh, K:) or because he witnesses. or beholds, God's world of spirits and his world of corporeal beings: (K, * TA:) [and several other reasons are assigned for this appellation:] the primary application is that expl. above: but it is also applied by the Prophet to one who dies of colic: one who is drowned: one who is burned to death: one who is killed by a building falling to ruin upon him: one who dies of pleurisy: (IAth, L:) one who dies of plague, or pestilence: a woman who dies in a state of pregnancy: (L:) and to some others: (IAth:) the pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (A, Msb, K, &c.) شَهَادَةٌ [see 1:] Information of what one has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (IF, Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) said to be a subst. from المُشَاهَدَةُ: (Msb:) declaration of what one knows: testimony, attestation, evidence, or witness: (L:) decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) b2: An oath: pl. شَهَادَاتٌ: so in the Kur xxiv. 6 [and 8]. (TA.) b3: Martyrdom in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) b4: Also i. q. مَشْهَدٌ as expl. below: see the latter word. b5: [And it is used in the sense of مُشَاهَدٌ: thus,]وَالشَّهَادَة الغَيْبِ عَالِمُ , in the Kur vi. 73 &c., means The Knower of what is unseen and of what is seen. (Jel.) شَهِيدَةٌ A roasted lamb: or [the kind of food called] هَرِيسَة [q. v.]: pl. شِهَادٌ. (Har. p. 609.) شَهَّادٌ Always present. (Freytag from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

شَاهِدٌ (S, Mgh, L, K) and ↓ شَهِيدٌ (S, * Mgh, L) One who tells, or gives information of, what he has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L:) one who declares what he knows: (L:) one who knows, and declares what he knows: (ISd, TA:) a witness, as meaning one who gives testimony, or evidence; who bears witness: (S, * L, K: *) [one who gives decisive information: (see 1, first sentence:)] pl. of the former ↓ شَهْدٌ, (Akh, S, K,) or [rather] this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, TA,) like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and سَفْرٌ of سَافِرٌ, (S,) but some disallow this; (TA;) and ↓ شُهُودٌ [but see what is said of this in the latter half of the paragraph] and أَشْهَادٌ are also pls. of شَاهِدٌ, (Mgh, L,) or of شَهْدٌ: (S, K:) the pl. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, Mgh.) [Hence,] ↓ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur 1. 20: see art. سوق. b2: [Hence also] الشَّاهِدُ a name of the Prophet; (K;) meaning The witness against those to whom he has been sent. (Jel in xxxiii. 44.) b3: And شَاهِدٌ An angel: (S, L, K:) or a guardian angel: (Mujáhid:) pl. أَشْهَادٌ: or this means the prophets. (TA.) b4: And The tongue: (S, L, K:) from the saying, لِفُلَانٍ شَاهِدٌ حَسَنٌ Such a one has an elegant diction. (L.) One says also, مَا لِفُلَانٍ رُوَآءٌ وَلَا شَاهِدٌ Such a one has neither goodliness of aspect nor tongue. (Aboo-Bekr, L.) b5: [As a conventional term used in lexicology &c.,] An evidential example, generally poetical, of the form or meaning of a word or phrase: pl. شَوَاهِدُ: the sciences that require شَوَاهِد being those of اللُّغَة and الصَّرْف and النَّحْو and المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع and العَرُوض and القَوَافِى. (MF on the خُطْبَة of the K.) [One says, هٰذَا شَاهِدٌ لِكَذَا and عَلَى كَذَا This is an evidential example of such a thing.] With respect to the classical language, absolutely, شواهد are taken, by universal consent, from the Kur-án, and from the language [both verse and prose (Kull p. 348)] of those Arabs who lived before the period of the corruption [in any considerable degree] of the Arabic tongue: [see مُوَلَّدٌ:] also, accord. to the general decision of the learned, from the Traditions of Mohammad; [which last source is excluded by some because traditions may be corrupted in language by their transmitters, and interpolated, and even forged;] and electively from the language of those Arabs who lived after the first corruption of the Arabic tongue, but before the corruption had become extensive. (Mz, 1st نوع; and MF ubi suprà. [See, again, مُوَلَّدٌ.]) The classes of the poets from whose poetry شواهد are taken are the Pagan Arabs, the Mukhadrams, the Islámees, and the Muwelleds: [see جَاهِلِىٌّ and مُخَضْرَمٌ and إِسْلَامِىٌّ and مُوَلَّدٌ:] with respect to all the sciences above mentioned, they are taken from the poetry of the first, second, and third, classes; from that of the first and second by universal consent, and from that of the third electively: (MF ubi suprá:) but they are taken from the poetry of the fourth class with respect only to the sciences of المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع. (Idem, and Kull p. 348.) [The age of the earliest existing classical poems (though some older fragments and couplets and single verses have been preserved) is only about a century before the birth of Mohammad: that of the latest, about a century after his death. (See the Preface to this work.)] b6: Knowing, (Msb,) and witnessing, or seeing or beholding with his eye; a witness, as meaning an eyewitness; (L, Msb;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: pl. of the former [or, as is said in the L in art. مجد, of the former or of the latter,] أَشْهَادٌ and شُهُودٌ; [but see what is said of these pls. in the first sentence of this paragraph;] and of the latter شُهَدَآءُ. (Msb.) [See an ex. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ in this sense in a verse cited voce رَبٌّ.] b7: [Hence, in the present day, applied to A notary, who hears and writes and attests cases to be submitted for judgment in the court of a kádee.] b8: Present; a witness as meaning one personally present; (S, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: (Msb:) pl. of the former شُهَّدٌ (S, L, K) [and أَشْهَادٌ, as above,] and ↓ شُهُودٌ, (K,) or this last is used as a pl. but is originally an inf. n. (S, L.) One says, الشَّاهِدُ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى الغَائِبُ, meaning The present knows what the absent knows not. (Msb.) And قَوْمٌ شُهُودٌ People, or persons, present. (S, A.) And كَلَّمْتُهُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الأَشْهَادِ [I spoke to him before witnesses, or persons present]. (A.) b9: [Hence, app., being opposed to غَائِبٌ,] A running in which a horse exerts his force unsparingly; (A, L;) as in the saying, لِلْفَرَسِ غَائِبٌ وَشَاهِدٌ The horse has a run which he reserves [for the time of need], and a run which he performs unsparingly; like the saying, لَهُ صَوْنٌ وَبَذْلٌ: (A: [see 1 in art. بذل:]) or شَاهِدٌ means a running that testifies the excellence of a horse, (IAar, K,) and his quality of outstripping others. (IAar, TA.) b10: A star [app. when visible]; (Aboo-Eiyoob, K;) as being present and apparent in the night. (TA.) b11: [Hence, accord. to some,] صَلَاةُ الشَّاهِدِ The prayer of sunset; (A, L, Msb, K;) because it is the prayer that is performed when the star becomes visible; (Sh, L;) also called صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ, because the stars are seen at the time thereof: or, accord. to some, the prayer of daybreak; (L;) [and so, accord. to some, صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ; (see art. بصر;)] as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ; (TA;) and it is said to be so called because he who is travelling must perform it without abridging it, like him who is present at his home: Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says that the former prayer is so called for this reason [as is also said in the A and Msb]: AM asserts that the first reason assigned above is the right one, because the prayer of daybreak, in like manner, may not be abridged, and is not thus called; but it is thus called by a poet. (L.) b12: And الشَّاهِدُ is a name of Friday; (Fr, K;) as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ: or the latter is the day of resurrection: (K:) or the day of 'Arafeh: (Fr, K: [see عَرَفَةُ:]) because of the presence and congregation of people on each of those days. (TA.) b13: شَاهِدٌ also signifies Matter resembling mucus, that comes forth with the fœtus: (S, K:) pl. شُهُودٌ: which latter, accord. to ISd, means the أَغْرَاس [pl. of غِرْسٌ, q. v.,] upon the head of a young camel at the time of its birth. (TA.) And شُهُودٌ النَّاقَةِ means The marks left by the blood, or by the membrane that enclosed the fœtus, of the she-camel, in the place where she has brought forth. (S, K.) b14: Also A quick, or an expeditious, thing or affair. (K.) الشَّاهِدَةُ The earth, or ground. (K.) See شَهِيدٌ, last sentence.

مَشْهَدٌ A place where people are present or assembled; a place of assembling; an assembly; (S, L, K;) as also ↓ مَشْهَدَةٌ and ↓ مَشْهُدَةٌ (K) and ↓ شَهَادَةٌ: (L:) pl. مَشَاهِدُ. (A.) [Hence,] مَشَاهِدُ مَكَّةَ The places of religious visitation, where the ceremonies of the pilgrimage &c. are performed, at Mekkeh. (L.) b2: [A funeral assembly or procession. b3: A place where a martyr has died or is buried. b4: And The aspect, or outward appearance, of a person; like مَــرْأًى: see an instance voce عَوْدٌ.]

مُشْهَدٌ Slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (K. [See also شَهِيدٌ.]) اِمْرَأَةٌ مُشْهِدٌ, (S, A, K,) without ة, (S,) and مُشْهِدَةٌ, (A,) A woman whose husband is present with her: (S, A, K:) opposed to اِمْرَأَةٌ مُغِيبَةٌ; (S, A;) this last with ة. (S.) مَشْهَدَةٌ and مَشْهُدَةٌ: see مَشْهَدٌ.

مَجْلِسٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A place of assembling at which numerous persons are present]. (A.) And يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A day on which numerous persons are present: and particularly] a day on which the inhabitants of heaven and earth will be present. (TA.) And صَلَاةٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ A prayer at the performance of which the angels are present, and the recompense of which, for the performer, is written, or registered. (L.) See also شَاهِدٌ, in two places, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: مَعْهُودٌ وَمَشْهُودٌ وَمَوْعُودٌ Past and present and future; the tenses of a verb. (Kh, L in art. عهد.)

شبر

1 شَبَرَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb) and شَبِرَ, (S,) inf. n. شَبْرٌ; (IAar, S, Msb, K;) and ↓ شبّر, inf. n. تَشْبِيرٌ; (IAar, K;) He measured by the شِبْر [or span] (IAar, S, A, Msb, K) a garment, or piece of cloth, (S, K,) or a thing: (A, Msb:) from الشِّبْرُ; like as one says بُعْتُهُ from البَاعُ. (S.) مَنْ لَكَ أَنْ تَشْبُرَ البَسِيطَةَ (tropical:) [Who will be guarantee for thee that thou wilt measure the earth with thy span?] is a prov. applied to him who imposes upon himself that which he is unable to accomplish. (A, TA.) b2: شَبَرَ المَرْأَةَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He compressed the woman. (TA.) b3: شَبَرَهُ, (ISk, S, A,) aor. ـُ and شَبِرَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above; (S, K;) and ↓ اشبرهُ, (S, A,) inf. n. إِشْبَارٌ; (K;) and ↓ شبّرهُ, inf. n. تَشْبِيرٌ; (TS, TA;) He gave him (ISk, S, A, TS, K *) wealth, or property, (ISk, S, A,) or a sword, (ISk, S,) or a coat of mail. (S, IB.) A2: شَبِرَ, aor. ـَ He exulted; or exulted greatly, or excessively; and behaved insolently and unthankfully, or ungratefully. (TS, K, TA.) 2 شَبَّرَ see 1, in two places. b2: Also شبّرهُ, (AHeyth, K,) inf. n. تَشْبِيرٌ, (AHeyth, TA,) He magnified him, or honoured him; namely, a man: (AHeyth, K, TA:) and made him a near companion, a familiar, or a favourite. (AHeyth, TA.) 4 اشبر He (a man) begat children tall in the أَشْبَار, i. e. statures: and he begat children short therein. (IAar, TA.) A2: اشبرهُ: see 1.5 تشبّر He was, or became, magnified, or honoured: and made a near companion, a familiar, or a favourite. (AHeyth, TA.) 6 تشابرا They (two bodies of men, S) drew near, each to the other: (S, K:) as though they became a span (شِبْر) distant, one from the other; or as though each extended the span to the other. (S.) شَبْرٌ The measure [of the width (see ذِرَاعٌ)], by the span, of a garment, or piece of cloth: so in the saying, كَمْ شَبْرُ ثَوْبِكَ [How much is the measure of the width, by the span, of thy garment, or piece of cloth?]. (Msb.) b2: Stature; (Fr, K;) and so ↓ شِبْرَةٌ; whether short or tall: (TA:) pl. [app. of the latter] أَشْبَارٌ. (IAar, TA.) You say, مَا أَطْوَلَ شَبْرَهُ How tall is his stature! (TA.) b3: Life, or age; as also ↓ شِبْرٌ. (TS, K.) Thus in the saying, قَصَّرَ اللّٰهُ شَبْرَهُ and ↓ شِبْرَهُ [May God shorten, or God shortened, his life]. (TS, TA.) b4: (tropical:) The act of giving: (A, IAth:) like as بَاعٌ and يَدٌ are said for “generosity.” (A.) b5: See also شَبَرٌ, in two places. b6: (assumed tropical:) The due for marriage, and for concubitus; (Sh, S, * K; *) such as what are termed مَهْرٌ and عُقْرٌ. (Sh, TA.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُ الَرْأَةَ شَبْرَهَا I gave the woman her due for marriage, or for concubitus. (S.) b7: (assumed tropical:) The hire that is given for the stallion-camel's covering of the female. (IAar, T, S, Msb, K. *) The taking of this is forbidden. (T, S, Msb.) b8: (tropical:) Marriage: (IAth, K:) because it is accompanied by a gift. (IAth, TA.) بَارَكَ اللّٰهُ فِى شَبْرِكُمَا May God bless your marriage is a saying mentioned in a trad. (IAth, TA.) شِبْرٌ A span; the space between the extremity of the thumb and that of the little finger (Msb, K) when extended apart in the usual manner: (Msb:) of the masc. gender: (K:) pl. أَشْبَارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the only pl. form. (Sb.) [See also بُصْمٌ, and ذِرَاعٌ.] [Hence,] قَصِيرُ الشِّبْرِ (applied to a man, S) (tropical:) Contracted, or short, in make: (S, A, K:) or, accord. to some of the lexicons, in step. (TA.) b2: [As a measure in astronomy, it is said in several of the law-books to be The twelfth part of the رُمْح; and therefore twentytwo minutes and a half, accord. to modern usage: but there is reason to believe that ancient usage differed from the modern with respect to both of these measures, and was not precise nor uniform. See رُمْحٌ.] b3: قِبَالُ الشِّبْرِ (assumed tropical:) The serpent: (IAar, K:) and so قِبَالُ الشِّسْعِ. (IAar, TA.) b4: See also شَبْرٌ, in two places.

شَبَرٌ (tropical:) A gift; (S Mgh, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَبْرٌ (Mgh, TA) and ↓ شِبْرَةٌ: (IAar, TA:) and wealth, or the like; syn. خَيْرٌ: (K:) the first is a word similar to خَبَطٌ and نَفَضٌ; and he who says that it is used by poetic license for شَبْرٌ [as it is said to be in the S] is in error: ↓ شَبْرٌ and شَبَرٌ are said to be two dial. vars., like قَدْرٌ and قَدَرٌ. (TA.) b2: Also A certain thing which the Christians give, one to another, (يَتَعَاطَاهُ النَّصَارَى, K, TA, َبعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْض ٍ, TA,) like the قُرْبَان [or Eucharist], (K, TA,) seeking to ingratiate themselves thereby: (TA:) or the Eucharist (قُرْبَان) itself: (K:) or a thing which the Christians give (تُعْطِيهِ), one to another, as though seeking to ingratiate themselves thereby: (Kh, Sgh, TA:) or (TA, in the K “and”) bodies: and powers, or faculties: (K, TA:) or (TA, in the K “and”) the Gospel. (K, TA.) شِبْرَةٌ: see شَبْرٌ: b2: and see also شَبَرٌ.

شَبُّورٌ A trumpet; syn. بُوقٌ; (S, K;) a certain thing in which one blows: (Mgh:) said to be an arabicized word; (S;) not genuine Arabic: (Mgh, TA:) accord. to IAth, it is Hebrew: (TA:) [app. from the Hebr.

שׁוֹפָּר, as observed by Golius.] b2: See also أُشْبُورٌ.

رَجُلٌ شَابِرُ المِيزَانِ (assumed tropical:) A man that is a thief. (Sgh, K.) أَشْبَرُ Wider in span; syn. أَوْسَعُ شِبْرًا. (A, TA.) So in the saying, هُوَ أَشْبَرُ مِنْ صَاحِبِهِ [He is wider in span than his companion]. (A.) أُشْبُورٌ A certain fish; (K;) called by the vulgar ↓ شَبُّور. (TA.) مَشْبَرٌ sing. of مَشَابِرُ, (TA,) which signifies Certain notches (حُزُوزٌ [pl. of حَزٌّ, in the CK erroneously written خُوُوْزٌ,]) in the cubit, by means of which buying and selling are transacted: (K, TA:) of them is the notch (حَزّ) of the span, and the notch of the half of the span, and of the quarter thereof: every notch of these, small or great, is termed مَشْبَرٌ: mentioned by Sgh, from Aboo-Sa'eed. (TA.) A2: مَشَابِرُ also signifies Rivers, or rivulets, (أَنْهَار,) that are depressed, so that the water comes to them from several places, (K, TA,) of such as overflows from the lands: (TA:) pl. of مَشْبَرٌ and ↓ مَشْبَرَةٌ. (K, TA.) مَشْبَرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

مَشْبُورَةٌ A liberal, bountiful, or generous, woman. (IAar, K.)

شطر

1 شَطَرَهُ, (A, MA, O, TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. شَطْرٌ; (MA;) and ↓ شطّرهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَشْطِيرٌ; (TA;) He halved it; divided it into halves. (A, MA, O, K, TA.) b2: شَطَرَهَا, aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. شَطْرٌ, (S, K,) He milked one شَطْر of her, (namely, a camel, or a ewe or goat, S, [i. e., in the former case one pair of teats, and in the latter case one teat,]) and left the other شَطْر. (S, K.) A2: شَطَرَتْ and شَطُرَتْ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شِطَارٌ, (TA,) She (a ewe or goat) had one of her teats dried up: or had one teat longer than the other. (K.) [شِطَارٌ seems to be also Syn. with حِضَانٌ as expl. in this Lex.: see also the latter word in Freytag's Lex.: Reiske, as cited by Freytag, explains the former word as meaning “ quando latus unum vulvæ præ altero propendet. ”] b2: شَطَرَ بَصَرُهُ, (S, K, TA, and so in the O voce سَصَرَ, q. v., [in some copies of the S and K and in a copy of the A, erroneously, بَصَرَهُ,]) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. شُطُورٌ (S, K) and شَطْرٌ, (TA,) He was as though he were looking at thee and at another: (S, A, K:) on the authority of Fr. (TA.) b3: شَطَرَ شَطْرَهُ He repaired, or betook himself, in the direction of him, or it: or الشَّطْرُ in the sense of الجِهَةُ and النَّاحِيَةُ has no verb belonging to it. (K.) b4: شَطَرَتِ الدَّارُ The house, or abode, was distant, or remote. (Mgh, Msb.) b5: شَطَرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (K;) and شَطُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَطَارَةٌ, of both verbs, (S, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and شُطُورٌ; (L;) [and ↓ تشاطر; (A in art. عذر;)] He was, or became, or acted, like a شَاطِر [q. v.]. (S, K.) And شَطَرَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (A, Msb,) or شَطَرَ عَنْهُمْ, (S, * K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. شُطُورٌ and شُطُورَةٌ and شَطَارَةٌ, (K,) or this last is a simple subst., (Msb,) He withdrew far away (S, * A, K *) from his family; or broke off from them, or quitted them, in anger: (A, K:) or he disagreed with his family, and wearied them by his wickedness (Msb, TA) and baseness. (Msb.) 2 شَطَّرَ see 1, first sentence. b2: شطّر نَاقَتَهُ, (S,) or بِنَاقَتِهِ, (K,) inf. n. تَشْطِيرٌ, (S, K,) He bound two of the teats of his she-camel with the صِرَار [q. v.], (S, K,) leaving (the other) two (unbound). (K.) 3 شَاطَرْتُهُ مَالِى I halved with him my property; (S, K;) I retained half of my property and gave him the other half. (M, TA.) b2: And شَاطَرْتُ طَلِيِّى I left for my lamb, or kid, one teat [of the mother], having milked the other teat and bound it with the صِرَار [q. v.]. (S.) 6 تَشَاْطَرَ see 1, last sentence but one.

شَطْرٌ The half of a thing; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَطِيرٌ: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْطُرٌ (S, K) and [of mult.] شُطُورٌ. (K.) It is said in a prov., اُحْلُبْ حَلَبًا لَكَ شَطْرُهُ [Milk thou a milking of which half shall be for thee]. (S.) And one says شَعَرٌ شَطْرَانِ Hair [half] black and [half] white. (A.) Accord. to Ibráheem El-Harbee, (O,) the saying of the Prophet,

مَنْ مَنَعَ صَدَقَةً فَإِنَّا آخِذُوهَا وَشَطْرَ مَالِهِ [Whoso refuses to render a poor-rate, verily we take it from him, and half of his property], thus related by Bahz, is a mistake, and the right wording is, وَشُطِرَ مَالُهُ, meaning and his property shall be divided into two halves, and the collector of the poor-rate shall have the option given him and shall take that rate from out of the better of the two halves, as a punishment for the man's refusal of the rate; (O, K;) but it is said that this law was afterwards abrogated: (O:) Esh-Sháfi'ee, however, says that, in the old time, when one refused the poor-rate of his property, it was taken from him, and half of his property was taken as a punishment for his refusal; and he adduces this trad. as evidence thereof; but says that in recent times, only the poor-rate was taken from him, and this trad. was asserted to be abrogated. (TA. [More is there said on this subject, but I omit it as unprofitable.]) b2: It occurs in two trads. as meaning Half a مَكُّوك [q. v.], or half a وَسْق [q. v.], of barley. (TA.) b3: [In prosody, Half a verse.] b4: Also (tropical:) A part, or portion, or somewhat, of a thing; (Mgh, K;) and so ↓ شَطِيرٌ. (TA.) In the trad. of the night-journey, فَوَضَعَ شَطْرَهَا means (assumed tropical:) [And He remitted] part, or somewhat, thereof; (K;) i. e., of the prayer. (TA.) And similar is the saying in another trad., الطَّهُورُ شَطْرُ الإِيمَانِ (assumed tropical:) [Purification is part of faith]. (TA.) b5: Either the fore pair or the hind pair of the teats of a she-camel: she has two pairs of teats, a fore pair and a hind pair, and each pair is thus called: (S, K:) and either of the two teats of a ewe or she-goat: (IAar, TA:) pl. أَشْطُرٌ. (S, TA.) Hence the saying, (S,) فُلَانٌ حَلَبَ الدَّهْرَ أَشْطُرَهُ (tropical:) Such a one has known, or tried, varieties of fortune: (S, * TA:) has experienced the good and evil of fortune; (S, K, TA;) its straitness and its ampleness: being likened to one who has milked all the teats of a camel, that which yields plenty of milk and that which does not; the fore pair being the good; and the hind pair, the evil: or, as some say, أَشْطُر means streams, or flows, of milk: and [in like manner] one says, حَلَبَ الدَّهْرَ شَطْرَيْهِ. (TA.) And, as is said in the “ Kámil ” of Mbr, one says of a man experienced in affairs, فُلَانٌ قَدْ حَلَبَ أَشْطُرَهُ (tropical:) Such a one has endured the difficulties and [enjoyed] the ampleness of fortune, and managed his affairs in poverty and in wealth: lit., has milked his pairs of teats, one pair after another. (TA.) b6: Also A direction in which one looks or goes or the like. (S, A, Msb, K.) One says, قَصَدَ شَطْرَهُ He went in his, or its, direction; towards him, or it. (S, A.) And it is said in the Kur [ii. 139 and 144 and 145], فَوَلِّ وَجْهَكَ شَطْرَ الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ Then turn thou thy face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque. (Fr, S.) The noun in this sense has no verb belonging to it: or one says, شَطَرَ شَطْرَهُ [expl. above: see 1]. (K.) b7: Also Distance, or remoteness. (TA.) شُطُرٌ: see شَطِيرٌ [of which it is both a syn. and a pl.].

وَلَدُ فُلَانٍ شِطْرَةٌ The offspring of such a one are half males and half females. (S, A, K. [In the Ham p. 478, it is written شَطْرة.]) شَطْرَانُ, (S, A, K,) fem. شَطْرَى, (K,) A bowl, (S, K,) or vessel, (A, K,) half full. (S, A, K.) شَطُورٌ A ewe, or she-goat, having one teat longer than the other; (S, O, K;) like حَضُونٌ in this sense [and perhaps in others also, agreeably with what is said of شِطَارٌ in the first paragraph of this art.]: (S in art. حَضن:) and (so in the S and O, but in the K “ or ”) one having one of her teats dried up: (S, O, K:) and a she-camel having two of her teats dried up; for she has four teats. (S, O.) And A garment, or piece of cloth, having one of the two extremities of its breadth longer than the other. (O, K.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

شَطِيرٌ: see شَطْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also Distant, or remote; (As, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a town, or country, (As, S,) an abode, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and a tribe. (A.) And so ↓ شُطُرٌ in the phrase نَوًى شُطُرٌ [A distant tract, or region, towards which one journeys]: (S, K:) so too ↓ شَطُورٌ in the phrase نِيَّةٌ شَطُورٌ [which may mean as above, (like نِيَّةٌ شَطُونٌ,) or a remote, or farreaching, intention, or aim, or purpose]. (TA.) b2: Also A stranger; (S, O, Msb, K;) because of his remoteness from his people; (TA;) as in a verse cited voce إِذًا: (S, O:) or one who is alone, or solitary: (A:) pl. شُطُرٌ. (TA.) شَاطِرٌ [One who withdraws far away from his family; or breaks off from them, or quits them, in anger: (see 1, last sentence:) or] one who disagrees with his family, (Msb,) and who wearies them by his wickedness (S, Msb, K) and baseness (Msb) and guile: (TA:) i. q. خَلِيعٌ [meaning as above, and having other similar meanings; generally vitious, or immoral; bad, evil, wicked, or mischievous]: (A:) accord. to some, it is post-classical: Aboo-Is-hák says that it signifies one who takes a wrong course: it is also expl. as signifying one who outstrips; like the [messenger called] بَرِيد, who takes a long journey in a short space of time: and hence, [as a conventional term of the mystics,] it is applied to one who outstrips, and is quick, in attaining nearness to God: or as meaning one who has wearied his family, and withdrawn far from them [n spirit], though with them [bodily], because of their inviting him to carnal lusts, and accustomed ways [of the world]: (TA:) [in the present day, it is applied to a sharper, or clever thief: and to any clever, or cunning, person:] pl. شُطَّارٌ. (TA.) مَشْطُورٌ [Halved. b2: And hence,] A verse of the metre termed الرَّجَز, (O, K,) and of that termed السَّرِيع, (TA,) having three of its six feet wanting; (O, K;) properly, having half thereof taken away. (O.) A2: Also Bread done over with [the seasoning, or condiment, called] كَامَخ. (O, K.) هُمْ مُشَاطِرُونَا They are persons whose houses adjoin ours. (O, K.).

شقر

1 شَقِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. شَقَرٌ (M, L, Msb, K [in the CK and TA شَقْرٌ, which is evidently wrong,]) and شُقْرَةٌ, (Lth, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.; (M;) and شَقُرَ; and ↓ اِشْقَرَّ; (M, K;) He was, or became, of the colour termed شُقْرَةٌ. (M, L, Msb, K.) 9 إِشْقَرَّ see 1.

شَقْرٌ: see شُقُورٌ.

شَقِرٌ [The red, or blood-coloured, anemone;] i. q. شَقَائِقُ النُّعْمَانِ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) it is not a sweet-scented flower: (Msb:) n. un. with ة; (S, M, Msb, K;) pl. [of the n. un.] شَقِرَاتٌ: (K:) as also ↓ شُقَّارٌ and ↓ شَقِرَانٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) the latter so written by IDrd and Sgh, and thought by IDrd to be a place or a plant, (TA,) or ↓ شُقْرَانٌ, (so in some copies of the K and in the TA,) and ↓ شُقَّارَى and ↓ شُقَارَى: (K:) or شَقِرٌ is the name of a certain other plant, not the شقائق, but red like it: (M, * K, * TA:) or it signifies cinnabar: (A:) or شَقِرَةٌ has this signification, (T, K,) as well as that first assigned to it above: (K:) and accord. to AHn, (M, TA,) ↓ شُقَّارَى is the name of a certain plant (S, M, TA) that grows is sands, having a pungent odour, which is tasted in the flavour of milk: and he adds that, accord. to some, it is the same as the شَقِر; but that this opinion is not well founded: (M, TA:) it is also said that it is a certain plant having a flower of a dingy red colour, the seed, or grain, of which is called خِمْخِمٌ: (TA:) and that ↓ شُقَّارَى (M, TA) and ↓ شُقَارَى, (M,) or ↓ شُقَّارٌ, (TA,) are names of a certain plant, having a flower of a colour somewhat of that termed شُكْلَةٌ, with slender, or delicate, dust-coloured leaves, which grows in the manner of قَضْب [a kind of trefoil], is approved in pasturage, and grows only in fruitful years. (M, TA.) جَآءَ بِالشُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ: see جآء بِالصُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ, in art. صقر.

شُقْرَةٌ The colours described in the explanations of the epithet أَشْقَرُ, below. (S, M, Msb, &c.) شَقِرَانٌ, or شُقْرَانٌ: see شَقِرٌ.

شَقِرَّاقٌ and its vars.: see in art. شقرق.

شَقُورٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

شُقُورٌ (AHeyth, Fr, A'Obeyd, S, K) and ↓ شَقُورٌ (AHeyth, As, Abu-l-Jarráh, S, K) A want; or a needful, or requisite, thing, affair, or business: (S, K:) or the former signifies wants: (Ham p.

716:) A'Obeyd says that the former word is the more correct, because شُقُورٌ signifies things, or affairs, that cleave to the heart, disquieting it; and is pl. of ↓ شَقْرٌ; and that ↓ شَقُورٌ, with fet-h, has the signification of an epithet [meaning cleaving to the heart and disquieting it]: (S:) or, accord. to some, this latter signifies grief, mourning, sorrow, or sadness; disquietude of mind: or disquietude of mind that causes one to be sleepless: the former is also expl. as signifying a man's case, and his secret: and ↓ both are also said to signify tidings: and a man's state, or condition. (TA.) One says, أَخْبَرْتُهُ بِشُقُورِى I acquainted him with my want; like as one says أَفْضَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِعُجَرِى

وَبُجَرِى: (S:) or I acquainted him with my tidings. (TA.) And أَفْضَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِشُقُورِى I acquainted him with my case, and with what I kept secret from others; (TA;) and so نَفَضْتُ لَهُ شُقُورِى: (Ham p. 716:) or I revealed to him my secret, and acquainted him with all my affairs. (Mgh.) And ↓ بَثَّهُ شَقُورَهُ, and شُقُورَهُ, He complained to him of his state, or condition. (M, TA.) شُقَارَى: see شَقِرٌ, in two places: A2: and see also جَآءَ بِالصُّقَرِ وَالبُقَرِ, in art. صقر.

شُقَّارٌ: see شَقِرٌ, in two places.

شُقَّارَى: see شَقِرٌ, in three places.

أَشْقَرُ, applied to a man, [Of a ruddy complexion combined with fairness: or] of a clear ruddy complexion, with the outer skin inclining to white: (S:) or having a red, or ruddy, tinge, over a white, or fair, complexion: (M, Msb, K:) and applied to a horse, [of a sorrel colour;] of a clear red colour, (S, IF, Msb,) or of a red colour inclining to [the dull red hue called] مُغْرَةٌ, (M, K,) with a red mane and tail: (S, M, K:) when the mane and tail are black, the epithet كُمَيْتٌ [meaning bay, or dark bay, or brown,] is applied to the horse: (S:) the اشقر is said to be the best of horses: (IAar, M: [but it is said in Har p. 399 to be regarded by the Arabs as of evil omen:]) and applied to a camel, intensely red: (S:) or of a colour resembling that of a horse thus termed: (M:) fem. شَقْرَآءُ: and pl. شُقْرٌ. (Msb.) b2: Also, applied to blood, That has become thick, (مَا صَارَ عَلَقًا, M, Msb, TA,) and not been overspread with dust. (Msb, TA.) b3: And the fem., شَقْرَآءُ, is used as [a subst.] signifying Fire. (Ham p. 718.)

شور

1 شَارَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. شَوْرٌ (Msb, K) and شِيَارٌ and شِيَارَةٌ and مَشَارٌ and مَشَارَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ اشتار, and ↓ اشار, (S, K,) and ↓ استشار; (A, K;) He gathered honey; (S, Msb;) extracted it from the small hollow [in the rock in which it had been deposited by the wild bees]; (A, K;) gathered it from its hives and from other places. (TA.) A2: شار, inf. n. شَوْرٌ, He exhibited, showed, or displayed, a thing. (IAth, TA.) b2: شار الدَّابَّةَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَوْرٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and شِوَارٌ, (K, TA,) or شَوَارٌ; (CK;) and ↓ شوّرها, (A, K,) inf. n. تَشْوِيرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اشارها, (Th, K,) but this last is rare; (Th, TA;) He exhibited, or displayed, the beast, for sale, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) going to and fro with it, (S, Mgh,) or making it to run, and the like: (Msb:) he tried the beast, to know its pace, or manner of going: (A, Mgh:) he made the beast to run, that he might know its power: (TA:) he broke, or trained, the beast: or he rode it on the occasion of exhibiting, or displaying, it to its purchaser: or tried it, to see its powers: or he examined it, as though he turned it over; and in like manner, الأَمَةَ the female slave. (K, TA.) [Hence] شار نَفْسَهُ He displayed his agility, to show his power. (TA, from a trad.) b3: And شُرْتُهُ I ornamented, or decorated, it. (TA.) A3: شار He (a man) became goodly in countenance. (Fr, TA.) b2: He (a horse) became fat and goodly: (S:) and so شارت said of a she-camel: (TA:) [and ↓ تشوّرت said of a woman: (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees:)] or شارت said of a she-camel, she became fat; (K;) and in like manner ↓ اشتار and ↓ استشار said of a he-camel: (S:) and ↓ اشتارت الإِبِلُ the camels became somewhat fat: (S:) and ↓ استشارت they became fat and goodly: (K:) or this last signifies (tropical:) they became fat; because their owner points to such with his fingers; as though they desired to be pointed to. (A.) 2 شوّر الدَّابَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْوِيرٌ: see 1. b2: شوّر بِهِ He did to him a deed of which one should be ashamed: (Yaakoob, Th, A, K:) or he made bare his pudenda: (O:) or as though he made bare his pudenda. (S.) b3: And شوّرهُ, (Lh, S,) and شوّر بِهِ, (Lh, TA,) He made him to be confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame; or ashamed, and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, in consequence of a deed that he had done. (Lh, S.) b4: شوّر القُطْنَ He turned over [or separated and loosened] the cotton by means of the مِشْوَار [q. v.]. (TA.) b5: See also 4, in two places.3 شاورهُ, (inf. n. مُشَاوَرَةٌ and شِوَارٌ, TA,) and ↓ استشاره, both signify the same, (S, Msb,) He consulted him, or consulted with him; he debated with him in order that he might see his opinion; (Msb;) فِى الأَمْرِ respecting the thing or affair: (S, Mgh, * Msb: *) or ↓ the latter, (A, K,) or both, (TA,) he sought, desired, or asked, of him counsel, or advice. (A, K.) See also 6.4 أَشْوَرَ see 1, first sentence. b2: أَشِرْنِى عَسَلًا, (K,) or عَلَى العَسَلِ, (Sh, Sgh, L,) Help thou me to collect honey, or the honey. (Sh, Sgh, L, K.) A2: اشار الدَّابَّةَ: see 1. b2: اشار النَّارَ, and اشار بِهَا, (K,) and أَشْوَرَهَا, or أَشْوَرَ بِهَا, (accord. to different copies of the K, the former accord. to the text of the K in the TA,) and بِهَا ↓ شوّر, (K, TA,) He stirred up the fire, or made it to burn up; syn. رَفَعَهَا. (K.) A3: اشار إِلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِشَارَةٌ, (Msb,) He made a sign to him, with the hand, (S, Msb, K,) or with the head, (Msb,) or with the eye, or with the eyebrow, (K,) or with a thing serving to convey intelligence of what he would say; as when one asks another's permission to do a thing, and the latter makes a sign with his hand or with his head, meaning that he should do it or not do it; (Msb;) as also اليه ↓ شوّر, (ISk, S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَشْوِيرٌ. (Msb.) b2: [And He, or it, pointed to it or at it, pointed it out, or indicated it. Hence, in grammar, اِسْمُ إِشَارَةٍ A noun of indication; as ذَا &c. And] اشار إِلَى الحَرَكَةِ بِصَوْتٍ خَفِىٍّ

[He indicated the vowel by a somewhat obscure sound;] meaning he pronounced the vowel in the manner termed الرَّوْمُ. (I'Ak p. 351.) And اشار إِلَى الإِعْرَابِ فِى الوَقْفِ [He indicated the caseending by the pronunciation termed الرَّوْمُ in pausing; as when you say أَىُّ with a slurring of the final vowel-sound to one who says to you مَرَّ بِى رَجُلٌ]. (S voce أَىٌّ.) b3: اشار بِهِ He made it known. (Har p. 357.) b4: اشار عَلَيْهِ He made known, or notified, to him the manner of accomplishing the affair that was conducive to good, and guided him to that which was right. (Har ibid.) b5: اشار عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [in the CK اليه] He counselled him, or advised him, to do such a thing; (S, * Msb;) showed him that he held it right for him to do such a thing: (Msb:) or he commanded, ordered, or enjoined, him to do such a thing. (K.) 5 تشوّر He had a deed done to him of which one should be ashamed. (Yaakoob, Th, A, K.) [It occurs in a saying of Yaakoob, respecting an indecent action of an Arab of the desert, app. as meaning His pudenda became exposed; (see 2;) but some disapprove it, and say that it is not genuine Arabic; as is stated in the TA.] b2: He was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame; or ashamed, and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, in consequence of a deed that he had done. (Lh, S.) A2: See also 1, last sentence.6 تشاوروا and ↓ اِشْتَوَرُوا (A, Mgh, Msb) They consulted one another, or consulted together; they debated together in order that they might see one another's opinion: (Msb:) تَشَاوُرٌ signifies the extracting, or drawing forth, opinion; as also ↓ مُشَاوَرَةٌ and ↓ مَشْوَرَةٌ and ↓ مَشُورَةٌ, from شَارَ “ he extracted honey; ” (Bd in ii. 233;) and ↓ شُورَى signifies the same as تَشَاوُرٌ. (Bd in xlii. 36, and Mgh.) A2: تَشَايَرَهُ النَّاسُ occurs in a trad. as meaning اِشْتَهَرُوهُ بِإِبْصَارِهِمْ [app. The people rendered him conspicuous, or notorious, by their looking at him]. (TA. [There mentioned in the present art.; as though the ى were a substitute for و.]) 8 اشتار: see 1, first sentence. b2: And see 10.

A2: See also 1, last sentence, in two places.

A3: اشتار ذَنَبَهُ i. q. اِكْتَارَ [He (a horse) raised his tail in running]. (Sgh, TA.) A4: اِشْتَوَرُوا: see 6.10 استشار: see 1, first sentence. b2: See also 3, in two places. b3: استشار النَّاقَةَ He (a stallioncamel) smelt the she-camel and examined her, to know if she had conceived or not; (K;) as also ↓ اشتارها. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: It (a man's case or affair) became manifest. (Az, K.) b2: He put on, or clad himself with, goodly apparel. (K.) b3: See also 1, last sentence, in two places.

شَارٌ: see شَيِّرٌ, in two places.

شَوْرٌ Honey gathered, or extracted, from its place: (K, TA:) originally an inf. n. (TA.) b2: See also شُورَةٌ, with which it is syn. in several senses accord. to the O and some copies of the K.

شُورٌ: see شُورَةٌ, with which it is syn. in several senses accord. to the L and some copies of the K.

شَارَةٌ: see شُورَةٌ, in three places.

شَوْرَةٌ: see شُورَةٌ, in three places: A2: and see مِشْوَارَةٌ.

A3: Also i. q. خَجْلَةٌ [i. e. Confusion, or perplexity, and inability to see one's right course, by reason of shame: &c.]. (K.) شُورَةٌ, (S, IAth, O, L, K,) with damm, (IAth, L,) and ↓ شَوْرَةٌ, (TA, and so in some copies of the K,) and ↓ شَارَةٌ, (S, O, L, K,) in which the | is changed from و, (TA,) and ↓ شُورٌ, (so in the L and in some copies of the K,) or ↓ شَوْرٌ, (so in other copies of the K and in the O,) and ↓ شَوَارٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ شِيَارٌ, (O, K,) Form, or appearance; figure, person, mien, feature, or lineament; external state or condition; state with respect to apparel and the like, or garb. (S, IAth, O, L, K.) One says, ↓ فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الشَّارَةِ and الشُّورَةِ Such a one is goodly in form or appearance, &c. (TA.) And هُوَ رَجُلٌ حَسَنُ الصُّورَةِ وَالشُّورَةِ He is a man goodly in respect of form and of appear-ance, &c. (Fr. S. [See also below.]) b2: Goodliness, or beauty: (IAth, L, K:) so شُورَةٌ is expl. by IAar: (O:) and ↓ شَوْرَةٌ, with fet-h, is expl. as signifying pleasing beauty: (TA:) app. from شَوْرٌ, the “ act of exhibiting, or showing,” a thing. (IAth, TA.) b3: Clothing, or apparel: (S, O, L, K:) ↓ شَوْرَةٌ, with fet-h, is said to have this signification by Th: and ↓ شَارَةٌ is also expl. as signifying goodly, or beautiful, apparel. (TA.) b4: Ornament, ornature, or finery. (K.) b5: Fatness. (K.) b6: And شُورَةٌ, with damm, and ↓ مِشْوَارٌ, Aspect, or pleasing aspect; syn. مَنْظَرٌ: and Internal, or intrinsic, state or quality; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K, * TA.) One says, ↓ لَيْسَ لِفُلَانٍ مِشْوَارٌ i. e. مَنْظَرٌ [Such a one has not a pleasing aspect]. (TA.) and فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الصُّورَةِ وَالشُّورَةِ Such a one is good in respect of form, and of internal state or qualities, when tried. (TA.) And ↓ فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ المِشْوَارِ Such a one is good when one tries him. (As, TA.) A2: For the first word (شُورَةٌ), see also مِشْوَارَةٌ.

A3: And see مُسْتَشِيرٌ.

شَوْرَى A certain marine plant; (K;) a sort of trees, of the trees of the shores of the sea: (Sgh, TA:) [it is, as supposed by Freytag, the plant called by Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab, p. 37,) sceura marina; of the class tetrandria, order monogynia; foliis lanceolatis, integris; floribus fulvis: &c.: said by him to be called in Arabic “ schura ”

شوره; and by the people of Maskat, “germ ”

قرم:] a sort of trees growing in inlets of the sea, in the midst of the water of the sea, resembling the دُلْب in the thickness of its stem and the whiteness of its bark, and also called قُرْمٌ. (O.) شُورَى: see مَشْوَرَةٌ, in four places; and 6.

شَوْرَان [whether with or without tenween is not shown] i. q. عُصْفُرٌ [i. e. Safflower, or bastard saffron]. (K.) شَوَارٌ: see شُورَةٌ.

A2: Also, (ISk, S, Msb, K,) and ↓ شِوَارٌ, and ↓ شُوَارٌ, (Msb, K,) The furniture and utensils of a house or tent; (ISk, S, Msb, K;) such as are deemed goodly: (Ham p. 305, in explanation of the first:) and of a camel's saddle. (S, Msb.) b2: And the first, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ second, (Msb, K,) and ↓ third, (K,) The pudendum, or pundenda, (فَرْج, S, Msb,) of a woman and of a man: (S:) or a man's penis, [see also مِشْوَارٌ,] and his testicles, and his posteriors or anus (اِسْت). (K.) أَبْدَى اللّٰهُ شَوَارَهُ is a form of imprecation, (TA,) meaning May God make bare his pudenda. (S, A, TA.) A3: رِيحٌ شَوَارٌ A soft, or gentle, wind: (Sgh, K:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (Sgh, TA.) شُوَارٌ: see شَوَارٌ; each in two places.

شِوَارٌ: see شَوَارٌ; each in two places.

شِيَارٌ: see شُورَةٌ.

A2: Also a name given by the Arabs to Saturday, (S in this art., and K in art. شير,) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA in art. شير:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْيُرٌ and [of mult.] شُيُرٌ and شِيرٌ: (Zj, K:) accord. to Zj, you may say ثَلَاثَةُ شِيرٍ

[Three Saturdays, using شِير as a pl. of pauc.]: so in the Tekmileh. (TA.) شَيِّرٌ One's consulter, or counseller with whom he consults: and one's وَزِير [q. v.]: (K:) one qualified for consultation: (S, TA:) pl. شُوَرَآءُ. (K.) One says, فُلَانٌ خَيِّرٌ شَيِّرٌ Such a one is [good,] qualified for consultation. (S, TA.) b2: A man goodly in respect of شَارَة [i. e. appearance, or apparel, &c.]: (Fr, S, A:) or beautiful, or good: in this or in the former sense, the fem., with ة, is applied to a woman. (TA.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَصَيِّرٌ شَيِّرٌ Verily he is goodly in form and in appearance or apparel &c. (Fr, S, A.) b3: A man goodly in his internal, or intrinsic, states or qualities, when tried; as also ↓ شَارٌ: one says رَجُلٌ شَيِّرٌ صَيِّرٌ and صَارٌ ↓ شَارٌ A man goodly in his internal, or intrinsic, states or qualities, and equally so in his outward appearance. (TA.) b4: Fat: (TA:) or fat and goodly: (S, K, TA:) pl. شِيَارٌ, applied to horses, (S, K,) and to camels. (S.) b5: قَصِيدَةٌ شَيِّرَةٌ A beautiful ode; (K;) an excellent ode. (TA.) أَشْوَرُ [More, and most, distinguished by شُورَة or شَارَة, i. e., form, or appearance; &c.]. أَشْوَرُ عَرُوسٍ

تُرَى [The comeliest bride that was to be seen] is a phrase occurring in a trad. relating to Ez-Zebbà

[a queen of El-Heereh, celebrated for her beauty]. (A, TA.) مَشَارٌ A خَلِيَّة [or habitation of bees, generally a hollow in a rock,] (S, K,) from which one gathers, or extracts, honey; (S;) a bee-hive; as also ↓ مُشْتَارٌ. (KL.) See the next paragraph. [And see also مِشْوَارَةٌ.]

مَاذِىٌّ مُشَارٌ White honey (TA) gathered, (S, TA,) or which one has been assisted to gather. (K, TA.) AA cites the following verse, (S,) of El-Kutámee, (accord. to a copy of the S,) or of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, (O, TA.) وَسَمَاعٍ يَأْذَنُ الشَّيْخُ لَهُ وَحَدِيثٍ مِثْلِ مَاذِىٍّ مُشَارٌ [And a singing, or a musical performance, (or, instead of And, the meaning may be Many,) to which the old man would lend ear, and a discourse like gathered white honey]: but As disapproves of this, and says that the right reading is مَاذِىِّ

↓ مَشَارٌ [white honey of a habitation of bees from which it has been extracted], the former of these words being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case, and the latter being with fet-h to the م. (S, TA.) مَشُورٌ A thing ornamented, or decorated. (K.) مِشْوَرٌ, (S,) or ↓ مِشْوَارٌ, (K,) or both, (TA,) The wooden implement with which honey is gathered: (S, K, * TA:) pl. of the former مَشَاوِرُ. (S.) مَشَارَةٌ: see مِشْوَارٌ.

A2: Also A rivulet, or streamlet, for irrigation; syn. سَاقِيَةٌ: (TA voce رَكِيبٌ:) or a channel of water: (TA voce دَبْر:) or a دَبْرَة [i. e. either a small channel of water for irrigation or a portion of ground] in land sown or for sowing: (S, K:) or a دَبْرَة [app. here meaning a portion of ground] cut off, or separated, from the adjacent parts, (مُقْطَعَةٌ,) for sowing and for planting: it may be of this art., or from المَشْرَةُ: (ISd, TA:) or what is surrounded by dams [or by ridges of earth] which confine, or retain, the water [for irrigation]; as also دَبْرَةٌ and حِبْسٌ: (R, TA:) pl. مَشَاوِرُ and مَشَائِرُ. (K.) مَشُورَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places.

مَشْوَرَةٌ and ↓ مَشُورَةٌ and ↓ شُورَى signify the same: (S:) the first and second are substs. from شَاوَرَهُ, and the third is a subst. from تَشَاوَرُوا: (Msb:) or the first (Lth) and second [which is written in the CK مَشْوَرَةٌ] (Lth, K) and third (K) are from الإِشَارَةُ (Lth) or أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِ: (K:) [they signify Consultation; or mutual debate in order that one may see another's opinion; or counsel, or advice: or a command, an order, or an injunction: or] the extracting, or drawing forth, opinion: (Bd, as mentioned above: see 6:) ↓ مَشُورَةٌ [in the CK مَشْوَرَةٌ] is of the measure مَفْعُلَةٌ, [originally مَشْوُرَةٌ, in the CK مَفْعَلَةٌ,] not مَفْعُولَةٌ, (K, TA,) because it is an inf. n., [or rather a quasi-inf. n.,] and such a noun has not this last measure: (TA:) it is like مَعُونَةٌ; (Msb;) and is a contraction of مَشْوُرَةٌ: (Fr, TA:) and it is said also to be from شَارَ الدَّابَّةَ; or, accord. to some, from شَارَ العَسَلَ; good counsel or advice being likened to honey. (Msb.) One says, عَلَيْكَ بِالْمَشْوَرَةِ فِى أُمُورِكَ and ↓ بِالْمَشُورَةِ [Keep thou to consultation, or take counsel, in thine affairs]. (A.) And ↓ فُلَانٌ جَيِّدُ المَشُورَةِ and المَشْوَرَةِ [Such a one is good, or excellent, in consultation, or counsel]. (TA.) And ↓ أَمْرُهُمْ شُورَى

بَيْنَهُمْ, like امرهم فَوْضَى بينهم, [Their affair, or case, is a thing to be determined by consultation among themselves,] i. e., none of them is to appropriate a thing to himself exclusively of others. (Msb.) It is said of 'Omar, ↓ تَرَكَ الخِلَافَةَ شُورَى (A, Mgh) He left the office of Khaleefeh as a thing to be determined by consultation: for he assigned it to one of six; not particularizing for it any one of them; namely, 'Othmán and 'Alee and Talhah and Ez-Zubeyr and 'Abd-Er-Rahmán Ibn-'Owf and Saad Ibn-Abee-Wakkás. (Mgh.) And one says also, ↓ النَّاسُ فِيهِ شُورَى [The people are to determine by consultation respecting it]. (A.) المُشِيرَةُ The forefinger, or pointing finger. (A, K.) ثَوْبٌ مُشَوَّرٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with شَوْرَان, meaning عُصْفُر [i. e. safflower]. (K, TA.) مِشوَارٌ: see مِشْوَرٌ. b2: Also The string of the مِنْدَف [q. v.]: (K, TA:) because the cotton is turned over [or separated and loosened] (يُشَوَّرُ i. e. يُقَلَّبُ) by means of it. (TA.) A2: Also A place in which beasts are exhibited, or displayed, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) for sale, and in which they run. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence the saying, إِيَّاكَ وَالخُطَبَ فَإِنَّهَا مِشْوَارٌ كَثِيرُ العِثَارِ (tropical:) [Avoid thou orations, for they are means of display in which one often stumbles]. (S, A, K.) b2: And The pace, or manner of going, of a horse: one says فَرَسٌ حَسَنُ المِشْوَارِ [A horse good in respect of pace, or manner of going]. (A.) A3: See also شُورَةٌ, latter part, in three places. b2: One says of camels, (K,) or of a beast, (دَابَّة, TA,) أَخَذَتْ مِشْوَارَهَا and ↓ مَشَارَتَهَا They, or it, became fat and goodly (K, TA) in appearance. (TA.) A4: [It occurs in the O and K, in art. خوق, as signifying The penis of a horse: perhaps a mistranscription for شِوَار, q. v.: I find it expl. in this sense in Johnson's Pers\., Arab., and Engl. Dict.; but he may have taken it from the K.]

A5: [It is said to signify] also A portion that a beast has left remaining of its fodder: (O, K, TA:) but Kh says, “I asked ADk, Is it نِشْوَارٌ or مِشْوَارٌ? and he said نِشْوَارٌ, and asserted it to be Pers\.: ” (O, TA:) it is an arabicized word, (K,) originally نِشْخُوَار: (O, K: or, as in the CK, نُشْخوار: [correctly نِشْخْوَارْ or نُشْخْوَارْ:]) one says, نَشْوَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ نِشْوَارًا. (TA.) مِشْوَارَةٌ A place in which bees deposit their honey; as also ↓ شُورَةٌ; (K;) or, as written by Sgh, the latter word is [↓ شَوْرَةٌ,] with fet-h. (TA.) [See also مَشَارٌ.]

مُشْتَارٌ A gatherer of honey. (S, TA.) b2: See also مَشَارٌ.

مُسْتَشِيرٌ Fat; (AA, S;) as also ↓ شُورَةٌ, with damm, applied to a she-camel: (K:) or the latter signifies of generous race; or excellent. (TA.) [See also شَيِّرٌ.] b2: And A stallion-camel (ElUmawee, T, S) that knows the female which has not conceived, and distinguishes her from others. (El-Umawee, T, S, K.)

شوش

2 شوّش عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرَ, inf. n. تَشْوِيشٌ, He rendered the affair, or state, or case, confused, disordered, or perplexed, to him: (El-Fárábee, S, * Msb: the inf. n., and that only, mentioned in the S in art. شيش:) or, accord. to certain of those skilled in the abstrusities and niceties of science, شوّش is a post-classical word, and the chaste word is هَوَّشَ: accord. to IAmb, the leading lexicologists hold that one should only say هوّش; and Az and others say the same: (Msb:) [F also says,] تَشْوِيشٌ is a mistake for تَهْوِيشٌ. (K.) See also شَوَاشٍ.5 تشوّش عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or state, or case, became confused, or perplexed, to him: (ElFárábee, S, Msb: mentioned in the S in art. شيش:) or this is post-classical: (Msb:) or تَشَوُّشٌ is a mistake for تَهَوُّشٌ. (K.) 6 تشاوش القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, became mixed, or confounded, together; syn. تَهَاوَشَ. (Sgh, K. *) شَوشٌ in the phrase أَبْطَالٌ شُوشٌ i. q. شُوسٌ [pl. of أَشْوَسُ, q. v.]. (O, K.) شَوْشَآءُ and شَوْشَاةٌ, (Lth, O, K,) or the former is a mistake, (TA,) the latter said by Az to be that which he heard from the Arabs, (O, TA,) applied to a she-camel, Light, or agile: (Lth, O, K:) or, so applied, swift: (A'Obeyd, O:) and applied to a woman as an epithet of discommendation. (O.) A poet, cited by AA, applies the epithet ↓ شَوَاشِئ, with hemz, by poetic license, to a نَاضِح [properly meaning a camel upon which water is drawn from a well]; originally from شَوْشَآءُ, (O,) or شَوْشَاةٌ, (TA,) meaning “ Light,” or “ agile,” applied to a she-camel: so says AA. (O, TA.) بَيْنَهُمْ شَوَاشٍ, (O, and so in the TA as from the K,) or شَوَاشٌ, (so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K,) Between them is disagreement, dissension, discord, or difference: (O, K:) the vulgar say ↓ تَشْوِيشٌ. (O, TA.) شَوَاشِئ: see شَوْشَآءُ.

مَشُوشٌ, (so accord. to my copy of the KL,) or مِشْوَشٌ, (so accord. to Golius from the KL,) A small turban (دَسْتَارْچَهْ). (KL. [Comp. مِشْوَذٌ.]) مُشَاوِشٌ Water not to be seen, (K,) or hardly to be seen, (TA,) by reason of its remoteness [from the surface of the ground] or its paucity: (K:) a dial. var. of مُشَاوِسٌ [q. v.]. (TA.)

شخص

1 شَخَصَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. شُخُوصٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He, or it, rose; or became raised, or elevated. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] It (a star) rose. (K.) And شَخَصَ لَهُ شَخْصٌ [A figure seen from a distance rose to his view]. (TA in art. زول.) b3: شَخَصَ بَصَرُهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, [in some copies of the K, بَصَرَهُ, but this occurs afterwards in that work,]) is said when a man opens his eyes and then does not move his eyelids; [and signifies (tropical:) His eyes, or lit., his eye, became fixedly open:] (S, K: *) or it signifies his eye became raised: (Msb:) or his sight became stretched and raised. (Mgh.) [See the Kur xiv. 43, and xxi. 97.] You say, شَخَصَ

إِلَيْكَ بَصَرِى (tropical:) [My eye, or eyes, became fixedly open, or raised, or my sight became stretched and raised, towards thee]. (A.) And شَخَصَ بَصَرُ المَيِّتِ, (A,) inf. n. as above, (IAth,) (tropical:) [The eye, or eyes, of the dying man became fixedly open: or] the eyelids of the dying man became raised upwards, and he looked intently, and became disquieted, or disturbed. (IAth.) b4: سَخَصَتِ الكَلِمَةُ مِنَ الفَمِ (assumed tropical:) The word, or sentence, rose [from the mouth] towards the palate: this is sometimes natural: i. e., one's raising his voice, and not being able to lower it. (K.) b5: شَخَصَ السَّهْمُ (inf. n. as above, Msb,) (tropical:) The arrow rose [so as to deviate] from the butt, or object of aim: (K:) or the arrow passed beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it: (A, Msb:) or rose in the sky. (ISh.) b6: شَخَصَ (aor. as above, Msb, and so the inf. n., S, Msb,) also signifies He went, or went away, from one town or country to another: (S, A, K:) or he went forth from one place to another, (Msb,) or from his place of alighting or abiding: (TA:) or [so accord. to the TA, but in the K “ and ”] he journeyed upwards. (K, TA.) You say also, شَخَصَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ He went forth from his people: and شَخَصَ إِلَيْهِمْ he returned to them. (TA.) b7: Also, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) It (a thing) rose; or swelled; or became swollen: (M:) it (a wound) rose, and became swollen: (M, K:) [it was, or became, protuberant, or prominent.]

A2: شَخَصَ بَصَرَهُ, (Msb, K, TA,) or شَخَصَ بِبَصَرِهِ, (Mgh,) or both, (TA, [in which it is said to be tropical,]) and شَخَصَ بِبَصَرِهِ إِلَى

السَّمَآءِ, (Msb,) or شَخَصَ [alone], (so in a copy of the A, [in which it is mentioned among proper expressions,]) (assumed tropical:) He raised his eye, or sight, (K, TA,) towards the sky, and did not move his eyelids; said of a dying man: (TA:) or he stretched and raised his sight: (Mgh:) or he opened his eyes, (A, Msb,) and did not move his eyelids, (A,) or [looking fixedly,] not moving his eyelids. (Msb.) b2: يَشْخَصُ بِصَوْتِهِ فَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى

خَفْضِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He raises his voice, and is not able to lower it]. (K.) b3: شُخِصَ بِهِ, (S, K,) coordinate to عُنِىَ, (K,) or شُخِصَ [alone], (so in a copy of the A,) or شَخِصَ بِهِ أَمْرٌ, coordinate to تَعِبَ, inf. n. شَخَصٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) [He was disquieted by a thing that happened to him: or] a thing that disquieted him happened to him: (S, A, K:) or a thing happened to him and disquieted him: (Msb:) as though he were raised from the ground by reason of his disquietude. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A3: شَخُصَ, aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. شَخَاصَةٌ, or this is a simple subst., [for] ISd says, I have not heard a verb of which it may be the inf. n., (TA,) [if used, signifying] He (a man, S) was, or became, big, bulky, or corpulent. (S, K.) 2 شخّص الشَّىْءَ, (A,) inf. n. تَشْخِيصٌ. (TA,) (tropical:) He individuated the thing; syn. عَيَّنَهُ. (A, TA.) [From شَخْصٌ, q. v.]4 اشخصهُ [He made him, or it, to rise, or become raised or elevated]. You say, اشخص نَفْسَهُ [He raised himself; or drew, or stretched, himself up]. (S and K in art. علب.) b2: اشخص بِسَهْمِهِ (tropical:) He made his arrow to pass beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it. (A.) b3: And اشخصهُ He made him to go, or go away, from one town or country to another: (S:) or to go forth from one place to another: (A, * Msb:) or to go, or journey: (A in art. سير:) or to journey upwards. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) He disquieted him, (K, TA,) so that he went away from a place. (TA.) [See also 1.]

A2: اشخص (tropical:) His (an archer's) arrow passed beyond the butt, or object of aim, (S, A, Msb, K,) going above it. (S, A, Msb.) A3: The time of his journeying, going away, or departing, came, or arrived. (S, K, TA.) A4: اشخص إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He showed him a sour, a crabbed, or an austere, face, or countenance; looked at him in a sour, a crabbed, or an austere, manner; (A, TA;) or so اشخص لَهُ, (TA in art. شخس,) فِى المَنْطِقِ in speech; as also اشخس. (Aboo Sa'eed, O and TA in art. شخس.) b2: اشخص بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) He spoke evil of such a one behind his back, or in his absence, or otherwise, with truth, or though it might be with truth; syn. اِغْتَابَهُ; (Yaakoob on the authority of AO, S, A, K;) as also اشخس. (AO, Yaakoob, S.) 5 تشخّص [quasi-pass. of 2; (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, individuated; it, or he, had, or assumed, the quality of individuality or personality; syn. تَعَيَّنَ].

شَخْصٌ The body, or bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance, (سَوَاد,) of a man, (S, A, Msb, K,) or some other object or thing, (S, A, K,) which one sees from a distance: (S, A, Msb, K:) applying in common to what is termed جُثَّةٌ and what is termed طَلَلٌ, in relation to a man; i. e., in relation to a man sitting or sleeping [or lying down], and in relation to a man standing erect: (Msb, voce جُثَّةٌ:) or it is applied only to a body, or material substance, composed, [not simple,] and having height: (El-Khattábee, Msb, TA:) or any body, or material thing or substance, [that is somewhat high, and conspicuous, or] having height and appearance: (IAth, TA:) pl. (of pauc., S) أَشْخُصٌ (S, K) and (of mult., S) أَشْخَاصٌ [which is properly another pl. of pauc.] and شُخُوصٌ (S, A, K) and شِخَاصٌ. (TA.) b2: Then used as signifying (assumed tropical:) A man himself; a man's self, or person; his ذَات; (Msb;) [i. e.,] a person; a being; an individual; syn. نَفْسٌ [also syn. with ذَاتٌ]; (L, TA;) as in the following verse of 'Amr Ibn-Rabee'ah, cited by Sb: فَكَانَ مِجَنِّى دُونَ مَنْ كُنْتُ أَتَّقِى

ثَلَاثُ شُخُوصٍ كَاعِبَانِ وَمُعْصِرُ (assumed tropical:) [And three persons, namely, two girls whose breasts were beginning to swell and one who had attained the age of puberty, were my shield against such as I was fearing]: meaning ثَلَاثَةُ

أَنْفُسٍ: (L:) [the poet making the word in question fem. because it relates here to females: but] Rubeh is related to have said ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women. (M, voce نَفْسٌ.) A شَخْص [meaning a person] ceases to be a شخص by its being divided; whereas, when a جِسْم is divided, no part of it ceases to be a جسم. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. جسم.) It is said in a trad., لَا شَخْصَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) [There is not any being more jealous than God]; شخص being here metaphorically used for ذَات: or the meaning is, a person (شخص) should not be more jealous than God: but accord. to one relation, the words are لَا شَىْءَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ [which has the first of the two meanings mentioned above]. (IAth, TA.) [It is also used in a pl. sense: see a verse of Ziyád el-Aajam in art. الى.]

شَخِيصٌ Big, bulky, or corpulent: (S, K, TA:) or great in شَخْص [or person] and make: (TA:) applied to a man: (S:) fem. with ة; (S, A, K;) applied to a woman. (S, A.) b2: A lord, master, chief, man of rank or quality, or a personage. (Az, K.) b3: مَنْطِقٌ شَخِيصٌ (tropical:) Sour, crabbed, or austere, speech. (Ibn-'Abbád, A, K. [See also شَخِيسٌ.]) شَخَاصَةٌ Bigness, bulkiness, or corpulence: or greatness of شَخْص [or person] and make. (TA.) [Said to be a subst.: but see شَخُصَ.]

شَاخِصٌ [part. n. of the intrans. verb شَخَصَ]. [Hence,] بَصَرٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [An eye fixedly open: or raised: or sight stretched and raised: see 1]: you say, سَمِعْتُ بِقُدُومِكَ فَقَلْبِى بَيْنَ جَنَاحَىَّ رَاقِصٌ وَبَصَرِى تَحْتَ حِجَاجِى شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [I have heard of thy coming, and my heart is throbbing between my two sides, and my eye beneath my bone of the eyebrow fixedly open, &c.]. (A, TA.) With the pl., أَبْصَارٌ, you say شَاخِصَةٌ, (A, Msb, TA,) and شَوَاخِصُ, (A, TA,) or شُخُوصٌ [like شُهُودٌ as pl. of شَاهِدٌ; if not an inf. n., as which it may be applied, in the place of an epithet, to a pl. subst.]. (Msb.) b2: سَهْمٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) An arrow passing beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it. (S, A.) You say, رُمِىَ بِالشَّاخِصَاتِ (tropical:) [He was shot at with arrows which passed beyond him, going above him: perhaps doubly tropical, meaning he was assailed with invectives which did not harm him]. (A.) b3: شَاخِصٌ also signifies A man prosecuting war [during three or more days together,] not on alternate days: and of such it is said in a trad., that he may shorten prayer. (TA.) A2: شَاخِصٌ as the act. part. n. of the trans. verb, [for شَاخِصٌ بَصَرَهُ,] (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) [A man raising his eye, or sight, and looking fixedly; as does a dying man: or stretching and raising his sight: (see 1:) or] a man opening his eyes and not moving his eyelids. (S, * Msb.) مَشْخَصٌ, as though signifying The place of a شَخْص used in the sense of صُورَةِ: accord. to modern usage sing. of] مَشَاخِصُ deenárs [or pieces of gold] figured [or stamped with effigies]. (TA.) مُشَخَّصٌ (tropical:) A thing individuated. (A, TA.) مُتَشَاخِصٌ Discordant; (A'Obeyd, K;) applied to language, or speech; (A'Obeyd, TA;) and to a thing, or an affair; (TA;) and مُتَشَاخِسٌ signifies the same. (A'Obeyd, TA.)