اثم
1 أَثِمَ, (
Lth,
S,
M, &c.,)
aor. ـَ (
Lth,
M,
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. إِثْمٌ, (
S,
K,) or أَثَمٌ, the former being a simple
subst., (
Msb,) and مَأْثَمٌ, (
S,
K,) He fell into what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (
Lth,
T,
S,
M,
Msb, *
K *;) [he sinned; committed a sin, or crime;] he did what was unlawful: (
M, *
K:) and ↓ تَأْثِيمٌ signifies the same as إِثْمٌ: (
K:) it may be either an
inf. n. of ↓ أَثَمَ, which [says
ISd] I have not heard, or, as
Sb holds it to be, a simple
subst. like تَنْبِيتٌ: (
M:) and is said to be used in the sense of إِثْم in the
Kur lii. 23 [and lvi. 24]. (
TA.) [It should be added also, that ↓ تأْثَامٌ, like تَكْذَابٌ, is
syn. with تأْثِيمٌ and إِثْمٌ; and, like تأثيم, may be an
inf. n. of ↓ أَثَّمَ, or a simple
subst.: see an
ex. voce بَرُوقٌ.] In the
dial. of some of the Arabs, the first letter of the
aor. is with kesr, as in تِعْلَمُ and نِعْلَمُ; and as the hemzeh in إِثْمٌ is with kesr, the radical hemzeh [in the
aor. ] is changed into ى; so that they say إِيثَمُ and تِيثَمُ [for آثَمُ and تَأْثَمُ.] (
TA.) In the saying,
لَوْ قُلْتَ مَا فِى قَوْمَهَا لَمْ تِيثَمِ
يَفْضُلَــهَا فِى حَسَبٍ وَمِيسَمِ
the meaning is, [Shouldst thou say, thou wouldst not sin, or do wrong, in so saying,] There is not, among her people, any one who excels her [in grounds of pretension to respect, and in impress, or character, of beauty]. (
M.)
A2: أَثَمَهُ اللّٰهُ فِى كَذَا,
aor. ـُ (
S,
K) and اَثِمَ, (
S,) or اَثَمَ, (
K,) but there is no other authority than the
K for this last, nor is there any reason for it, as the medial radical letter is not faucial, nor is the final, and in the Iktitáf el-
Azáhir the
aor. is said to be اَثِمَ and اَثُمَ, (
MF,
TA,) [God reckoned him to have sinned, or committed a crime or the like, in such a thing; or] God reckoned such a thing against him as an إِثْم: (
S,
K:) or أَثَمَهُ,
aor. ـِ (
Fr,
T,
M,
Msb) and اَثُمَ, (
Msb,)
inf. n. أَثْمٌ (
Fr,
T,
Msb) and أَثَامٌ (
Fr,
T,
TA) and إِثَامٌ, (
Fr,
TA,) He (God) requited him, (
Fr,
T,) or punished him, (
M,) for what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (
Fr,
T,
M:) [see also أَثَامٌ below:] or he (a man) pronounced him to be آثم [i. e. a sinner, or the like]: (
Msb:) [or] ↓ آثَمَهُ,
aor. ـْ has this last signification, said of God; and also signifies He found him to be so. (
T.)
b2: You say also, أَثَمَتِ النَّاقَةُ المَشْىَ,
aor. ـِ
inf. n. أَثْمٌ, The she-camel was slow. (
M.) 2 أثّمهُ, (
S,
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. تَأْثِيمٌ, (
Msb,
K,) He said to him أَثِمْتَ [Thou hast fallen into a sin, or crime, &c.; hast sinned, &c.]. (
S,
Msb,
K.)
A2: See also 1, first and second sentences.
4 آثمهُ He made him, or caused him, to fall into what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.], (
Zj,
S,
M,
K,) or what is termed ذَنْبٌ. (
Msb.)
b2: See also 1, last sentence but one.
5 تأثّم He abstained from what is termed إِثْمٌ [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]; (
T,
S,
M,
Msb,
K;) like تَحَرَّجَ meaning “ he preserved himself from what is termed حَرَجٌ: ” (
Msb:) or he did a work, or deed, whereby he escaped from what is termed إِثْمٌ: (
TA:) and he repented of what is so termed, (
M,
K,) and begged forgiveness of it; as though he removed the إِثْم itself by repentance and by begging forgiveness; or sought to do so by those two means. (
M.) You say also, تأثّم مِنْ كَذَا He abstained from such a thing as a sin, or crime;
syn. تَحَّنَثَ,
q. v. (
S,
K, in art. حنث.) إِثْمٌ [
accord. to some, an
inf. n.; see أَثِمَ:
accord. to others, only a simple
subst., signifying] A sin, a crime, a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience,
syn. ذَنْبٌ, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) for which one deserves punishment; differing from ذَنْبٌ inasmuch as this signifies both what is intentional and what is unintentional: (
Kull:) or [so
accord. to the
M, but in the
K “ and,”] an unlawful deed: (
M,
K:) or a deed which retards from recompense: or,
accord. to
Fr, what is exclusive of the [punishment termed] حَدّ:
accord. to
Er-Rághib, it is a term of more general import than عُدَوانٌ: (
TA:) ↓ مَأْثَمٌ [which is originally an
inf. n. of أَثِمَ] is
syn. with إِثْمٌ; (
T, *
Mgh;) and so, too, is ↓ أَثَامٌ, (
Msb,) or ↓ إِثَامٌ, signifying a deed retarding recompense: (
TA:) the
pl. of إِثْمٌ is آثَامٌ: (
M:) and the
pl. of ↓ مَأْثَمٌ is مَآثِمُ. (
T.)
b2: [Sometimes it is prefixed to a noun or pronoun denoting its object:
b3: and sometimes it means (assumed
tropical:) The punishment of a sin &c.: see explanations of a passage in the
Kur v. 32,
voce بَآءَ.]
b4: Wine: (Aboo-Bekr El-Iyádee,
T,
S,
M,
K:) sometimes used in this sense; (
S;) but tropically; not properly: (
IAmb:) I think, [says
ISd,] because the drinking thereof is what is thus termed. (
M.)
b5: [And for a like reason,] (assumed
tropical:) Contention for stakes, or wagers, in a game of hazard;
syn. قِمَارٌ; (
M,
K;) which is a man's destruction of his property. (
M.) It is said in the
Kur [ii. 216, respecting wine and the game called المَيْسِر], قُلْ فِهِيمَا إِثْمٌ كَبِيرٌ وَ مَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ [Say thou, In them both are great sin and means of profit to men]: and
Th says, when they contended in a game of this kind, and won, they gave food and alms, and these were means of profit. (
M.) أَثَامٌ: see إِثْمٌ.
b2: Also The requital, or recompense, of إِثّم [i. e. sin, or crime, &c.]: (
T,
S,
M,
Msb:) so says
Zj, (
T,
M,) and in like manner say
Kh and
Sb: (
T:) or punishment (
Yoo,
Lth,
T,
M,
K) thereof: (
Lth,
T,
M:) and ↓ إِثَامٌ and ↓ مَأْثَمٌ signify the same; (
M,
K;) the latter like مَقْعَدٌ. (
TA. [In the
CK this is written مَأثِم.]) So in the
Kur [xxv. 68], يَلْقَ أَثَامَا [He shall find a requital, or recompense, or a punishment, of sin]: (
T,
S,
M:) in my opinion, [says
ISd,] the correct meaning is, he shall find the punishment of آثَام [or sins]: but some say, the meaning is that which here follows. (
M.)
b3: A valley in Hell. (
M,
K.) إِثَامٌ: see إِثْمٌ:
b2: and أَثَامٌ.
أَثُومَّ: see آثِمٌ; and أَثِيمٌ.
أَثِيمٌ: see آثِمٌ.
b2: Also A great, or habitual, liar; or one who lies much; and so ↓ أَثُومٌ. (
K.) So in the
Kur ii. 277: or it there signifies Burdened with إثْم [or sin, &c.]. (
TA.) In the
Kur xliv. 44, it means,
accord. to
Fr, The unrighteous, or sinning; like ↓ آثِمٌ: (
T:) or the unbeliever: (
TA:) or,
accord. to
Zj, in this instance, (
M,) by the اثيم is meant Aboo-Jahl. (
M,
K.)
A2: Also The commission of إِثْم [sin, or crime, &c.,] much, or frequently; and so ↓ أَثِيمَةٌ. (
M,
K.) أَثِيمَةٌ: see أَثِيمٌ.
أَثَامٌ: see آثِمٌ.
آثِمٌ Falling into what is termed إِثمٌ [i. e. a sin, or crime, &c.]; (
S,
Msb, *
K; *) [sinning; committing a sin, or crime;] doing what is unlawful: (
K:) and in like manner, (
S,
Msb,
K,) but having an intensive signification, (
Msb,) ↓ أَثِيمٌ, and ↓ أَثُومٌ, (
S,
M,
Msb,
K,) and ↓ أَثَّامٌ: (
M,
Msb,
K: [in the
CK, erroneously, without teshdeed:]) the
pl. of the first of these three is أُثَمَآءُ; that of the second, أُثُمٌ; and that of the third, أَثَّامُونَ. (
M.) See also أَثِيمٌ.
b2: آثِمَةٌ, (
S,) and آثِمَاتٌ, (
S,
M,
K, [in the
CK, erroneously, اَثِماتٌ.]) A she-camel, (
S,) and she-camels, slow, or tardy; (
S,
M,
K;) weary, fatigued, or jaded. (
K. [In the
CK, we find مُعِيْباتٌ erroneously put for مُعْيِيَاتٌ.]) Some pronounce it with ت. (
Sgh.) [In like manner,] ↓ مُؤَاثِمٌ signifies That is slack, or slow, in pace, or going; اَلَّذِى يَكْذِبُ فِى السَّيْرِ. (
Sgh,
K. [In Golius's Lex., as from the
K, اَلَّذِى يُكَذِّبُ السَّيْرَ. Both are correct, signifying the same.]) تَأْثَامٌ: see 1.
تَأْثِيمٌ: see 1.
مَأْثَمٌ: see إِثْمٌ, in two places:
b2: and see أَثَامٌ.
مَأْثُومٌ [Reckoned to have sinned, or the like;] having a thing reckoned against him as an إِثْم: (
S:) or requited for what is termed إِثْمٌ. (
Fr,
T.) مُوَاثِمٌ: see آثِمٌ.
