آداب الفاضل شمس الدين
محمد بن أشرف الحسيني، السمرقندي، الحكيم، المحقق، صاحب (الصحائف والقسطاس).
المتوفى: في حدود سنة ستمائة.
وهي: أشهر كتب الفن.
ألفها: لنجم الدين عبد الرحمن.
جعلها على ثلاثة فصول:
الأول: في التعريفات.
والثاني: في ترتيب البحث.
والثالث في المسائل التي اخترعها.
وأول هذه الرسالة (المنة لواهب العقل... الخ).
وعليها شروح أشهرها:
شرح: المحقق، كمال الدين: مسعود الشرواني، ويقال له: (الرومي)، تلميذ شاه فتح الله.
وهما من رجال: القرن التاسع.
وهو شرح لطيف ممزوج بالمتن ممتاز عنه بالخط فوقه.
وعلى هذا الشرح حواشي وتعليقات، أجلها:
حاشية: العلامة، جلال الدين: محمد بن أسعد الصديقي، الدواني.
المتوفى: سنة ثمان وتسعمائة.
وأول هذه الحاشية: (قال المصنف المنة لواهب العقل عدل عما هو المشهور... الخ).
كتب إلى أوائل الفصل الثاني.
وأعظمها حاشية: الفاضل، عماد الدين: يحيى بن أحمد الكاشي. وهو من رجال القرن العاشر، كتبها تماما.
أولها قوله (المنة علينا... الخ).
سلك طريقة العمل بالحديث... الخ.
ويقال لها: (الحاشية السوداء).
لغمــوض مباحثها، ودقة معانيها.
وأفيدها: حاشية، مولانا: أحمد، الشهير: بديكقوز، من علماء الدولة الفاتحية العثمانية.
كتبها تماما بقال، أقول.
وأول هذه الحاشية: (إن أحسن ما يستعان به في الأمور الحسان... الخ).
وأدقها حاشية: المحقق، عصام الدين: إبراهيم بن محمد الأسفرايني.
المتوفى: بسمرقند، سنة ثلاث وأربعين وتسعمائة.
ومن الحواشي: على شرح كمال الدين مسعود:
حاشية: عبد الرحيم الشرواني.
وحاشية: محمد النخجواني.
وحاشية: ابن آدم.
وحاشية: أمير حسن الرومي.
أولها: (أحسن ما يفتتح به الأمور الحسان... الخ).
وحاشية: علاء الدين: علي بن محمد، المعروف: بمصنفك.
المتوفى: سنة إحدى وسبعين وثمانمائة.
كتبها: سنة 826.
وحاشية العالم: عبد المؤمن البرزريني، المعروف: بنهاري زاده.
المتوفى: سنة 860.
ومن التعليقات المعلقة على الشرح، وحاشية العماد:
تعليقة: شجاع الدين: إلياس الرومي، المعروف: بخرضمة شجاع.
المتوفى: سنة تسع وعشرين وتسعمائة.
علقها على العماد.
ولولده: لطف الله، أيضا علقها عليه، حين قرأ على بعض العلماء.
وتعليقة: الشيخ: رمضان البهشتي، الرومي.
المتوفى: سنة تسع وسبعين وتسعمائة.
وتعليقة: الفاضل، شاه حسين.
علقها عليه أيضا، وناقش فيها مع الجلال كثيرا.
وهي تعليقة لطيفة.
ومن حواشي (شرح المسعود) :
حاشية: أبي الفتح السعيدي.
أولها (الآداب طريقة المتقربين إليك... الخ).
وحاشية: سنان الدين: يوسف الرومي، المعروف: بشاعر سنان.
أولها: (حمدا لمن منّ من فضله على من يشاء... الخ).
ومن شروح المتن أيضا:
شرح: الفاضل، علاء الدين، أبي العلاء: محمد بن أحمد البهشتي الأسفرايني، المعروف: بفخر خراسان.
المتوفى: 749.
سماه: (المآب، في شرح الآداب).
أوله: (الحمد لله المتوحد بوجوب الوجود... الخ).
وهو: شرح بالقول.
وشرح: العلامة الشاشي.
وهو: شرح ممزوج.
أوله: (نحمد الله العظيم حمدا يليق بذاته... الخ).
وشرح: قطب الدين: محمد الكيلاني.
وهو: شرح بقال أقول.
أوله: (الحمد لله الذي هدانا إلى سواء السبيل... الخ).
كتبه: 891.
وشرح: أبي حامد.
وهو: شرح مبسوط.
وشرح: عبد اللطيف بن عبد المؤمن بن إسحاق.
سماه: (كشف الأبكار، في علم الأفكار).
وشرح: برهان الدين: إبراهيم بن يوسف البلغاري.
وهو: شرح بقال أقول.
أوله: (الحمد لله ذي الإنعام... الخ).
ومن الكتب المختصرة فيه غاية الاختصار:

فش

1 فَشَّ الوَطْبَ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. فَشٌّ, (S, TA,) He made the wind, (S, A, K,) and the butter, (TA,) to come forth from the milk-skin, or butterskin, (S, A, K, TA,) by loosing the tie round its mouth. (TA.) And فَشَّ السِّقَآءَ He loosed the tie of the skin, and opened its mouth, after blowing into it, so that the wind came forth from it. (Mgh.) [Hence the prov.,] لأَفُشَّنَّكَ فَشَّ الوَطْبِ (assumed tropical:) I will assuredly make thine anger to come forth from thy head, as one makes the wind to come forth from the milk-skin, or butter-skin: said to a man who is angry: (T, S:) or I will assuredly remove thy boastfulness, &c.: (TA:) or I will assuredly take away thy pride, and thy vanity, or vain glory, or conceit, &c.: (Th:) or the meaning is لَأَحْلُبَنَّكَ [I will assuredly mulet thee, &c.; lit., milk thee]. (Kr.) See also فَشَاشِ. b2: [Hence,] فَشَّ النَّاقَةَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (S, TA,) He milked the she-camel quickly. (S, K.) And فَشَّ الضَّرْعَ He exhausted all the milk of the udder. (TA.) b3: [Hence also, فَشَّ الوَرَمَ It (a medicament) caused the swelling, or tumour, to subside.] (See also 7.) b4: and فَشَّ القُفْلَ, (IKtt, L,) or البَابَ, (Mgh, Msb,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. فَشٌّ, (IKtt, L,) He opened the lock, (IKtt, L,) or the lock of the door, by artifice, (Mgh, Msb,) without a key, (IKtt, L,) or without its key: (Msb:) from فَشَّ السِّقَآءَ. (Mgh.) b5: and accord to Lth, (O,) الفَشُّ signifies تَتَبُّعُ السَّرِقَةِ الدُّونِ [app. meaning The seeking repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, after pilfering, or petty theft]: (O, Msb, K:) it is the inf. n. of فَشَّهُ, aor. ـُ (O, Msb:) and Lth, (O,) or Az, (Msb,) cites as an ex., نَحْنُ وَلِينَاهُ فَلَا نَفُشُّهُ [which seems to mean We have had charge of it, and we will not seek repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, bit by bit, after pilfering from it]. (O, Msb.) b6: And فَشَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. فَشٌّ, He compressed a woman. (IKtt, TA.) b7: And He ate; as a trans. verb. (TA.) b8: And فَشَّ الرَّجُلُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (O,) [inf. n. فَشٌّ,] The man eructed, or belched. (S, O, K. [A meaning assigned by Freytag to 4 also, as on the authority of the S, in which I find it assigned to فَشَّ only.]) b9: and الفَشُّ also signifies The blowing gently, or softly. (TA.) b10: And The breaking wind gently, or softly. (IAar, TA.) b11: And The uttering calumny; (O, K;) thus accord. to IAar, with ف, (O,) بَيْنَ النَّاسِ [among the people]. (TK.) b12: And فَشَّ القَوْمُ, inf. n. فُشُوشٌ, The people, or party, became in good condition, or fat, after leanness: mentioned here, and also in art. قش, in the L. (TA.) b13: and فَشَّ is syn. with فَاشَ as meaning He gloried, or boasted, and magnified himself, imagining [in himself] what he did not possess. (TA in art. فيش.) 4 افشّ القَوْمُ The people, or party, went away, and fled quickly: and so with ق. (TA.) 7 انفشّتِ الرِّيَاحُ The blasts of wind came forth from the skin, (S, Mgh, *) on its being felt, (Mgh,) and from the like thereof. (S.) b2: انفشّ اللَّبَنُ The milk flowed forth by reason of the wideness of the orifice of the teat. (TA.) b3: انفشّ الجُرْحُ [and الوَرَمُ, and likewise ↓ فَشَّ accord. to modern usage,] The wound [and the swelling or tumour] ceased to swell, or be inflated. (ISk, S) b4: انفٰشّ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He (a man) became remiss and indolent in the affair: (S:) he turned back from it through weakness and impotence; like تفيّش. (TA in art. فيش.) b5: And انفشّ He was, or became, cowardly; weak-hearted. (TA.) R. Q. 1 فَشْفَشَ, (K,) inf. n. فَشْفَشَةٌ, (Fr, O,) He was, or became, weak in judgment. (Fr, O, K.) b2: And He was, or became, extravagant, immoderate, or excessive, in lying: (IDrd, O, K:) or so فشفش فِى قَوْلِهِ. (TA.) b3: And فشفش بِبَوْلِهِ He sprinkled his urine; (IDrd, O, K;) as also شَفْشَفَ. (IDrd, O.) فَشٌّ The fruit of the يَنْبُوت [q. v., a kind of trees, of which one species is said to be also called خَرُّوب; but see the next sentence]; (S, O, K;) not mentioned by AHn in the Book of Plants: (O, TA:) n. un. فَشَّةٌ: and pl. فِشَاشٌ. (TA.) b2: And The [species of trees called] خَرُّوب [which name is now commonly applied to the carob, or locust-tree; ceratonia siliqua]; as also ↓ فَشُوشٌ, (O, K,) and ↓ فَشْفَشَةٌ, (TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K,) or this last signifies a خَرُّوبَة [n. un. of خَرُّوبٌ], accord. to AA. (O.) A2: Also Foolish, or stupid. (IAar, O, K.) A3: And Places in which water collects and remains: and a depressed piece of ground into which water pours and where it remains: (O, K:) so says Ibn-'Abbád: [but] ISh says that هَجْلٌ فَشٌّ means [a wide, depressed, piece of ground,] such as is not very deep. (O.) A4: Also, and ↓ فَشُوشٌ, and ↓ فَشْفَاشٌ, [this last said in the TA to be written by Sgh with kesr, but it is not so in the O,] A [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء such as is thick (IAar, O, K, TA) in texture, (TA,) fine in the yarn; (IAar, O, K, TA;) called by the vulgar ↓ فَشَّاشٌ; (O; in the TA فِشّاش;) or, as some say, ↓ فَشَّاشٌ signifies a thick كسآء; and ↓ فَشُوشٌ, a thin, or flimsy, كسآء, such as is scanty in the yarn. (TA.) فَشَاشِ, like قَطَامِ, [indecl.,] means ↓ الفَاشَّةُ [i. e. She who makes the wind to come forth from a skin, by loosing the tie round its mouth: in the TA expl. only as signifying الضَّرُوطُ عِنْدَالجِمَاعِ, which may be a secondary meaning, but is not the meaning in what here follows]. (O, K.) فَشَاشِ مِنِ اسْتِهِ إِلَى فِيهِ ↓ فُشِّيهِ [lit. O woman discharging the confined wind of the skin, discharge thou its confined wind, from its anus to its mouth, i. e., from end to end], (Meyd, O, K,) which is a prov., (Meyd, O,) means (assumed tropical:) [O woman] do thou with it, or him, what thou wilt, for it, or he, has no means of self-defence (Meyd, O, L, K) nor of becoming altered; and it is said in relation to an angry man who is not able to become altered: (L:) الفَشُّ is the making the wind to come forth from a وَطْب. (Meyd.) فِشَاشٌ: see the next paragraph.

فَشُوشٌ A female slave who emits noiseless wind from the anus; as also فَاشّاء [an evident mistranscription for ↓ فَاشَّةٌ]: (IAar, in TA:) [or] a woman from whom wind issues on the occasion of الجِمَاع: (IDrd, O, K, TA:) or, accord. to the K, applied to a woman, sonum submissum genitalibus edens in congressu: and also, applied to a man, who glories, or boasts, vainly: but these two explanations are there wrongly assigned: (TA:) the former of them applies to نَجَّاخَة; and the latter, to فَيُوش; two epithets occurring, with فَشُوش, in a verse of Ru-beh. (O, TA.) b2: And, applied to a woman, i. q. خَلَّابَةٌ [i. e. Very deceitful]: (O, CK, TA:) thus correctly, with خ: in some copies of the K with ح; and in others, with ج. (TA.) b3: And A woman who sits upon the جُرْدَان. (TA.) A2: Also, (O, K,) applied to a she-camel, (S, O, TA,) and to a ewe, or she-goat, (O, TA,) it signifies مُنْتَشِرَةُ الشُّخْبِ, (S, O, K, TA,) meaning Whose milk flows forth without its being drawn, by reason of the wideness of the orifice of the teat: or whose milk flows forth in separate jets, like the rays of the rising sun, into the vessel, so as not to make froth: and ↓ فِشَاشٌ signifies the quality, or state, that is denoted by this epithet thus applied. (TA.) b2: And A skin, such as is used for water or milk, that sweats, or exudes moisture. (O, K.) A3: See also فَشٌّ, in three places.

فَشِيشٌ The sound of a gentle emission of wind from the anus. (TA.) b2: And The sound of the skin of a viper when it moves along upon a dry, or rigid, substance. (TA.) فَشَّاشٌ One who opens locks by artifice, (Mgh, Msb,) without their keys. (Msb.) A2: See also فَشٌّ, last sentence, in two places.

فَاشَّةٌ: see فَشَاشِ and فَشُوشٌ.

فَشْفَشَةٌ: see فَشٌّ, second sentence.

فَشْفَاشٌ A man who inflates himself with lying, and arrogates to himself that which belongs to another. (TA.) A2: See also فَشٌّ, last sentence.

مُنْفَشُّ المَنْخِرَيْنِ A man inflated in the nostrils, with shortness and expansion of the cartilaginous portion of the nose, which are characteristics of the noses of the Zenj. (TA.)