(ذَكَرَ)
فِيهِ «الرَّجُلُ يُقاتِل لِلذِّكْر، ويُقاتل ليُحْمَد» أَيْ لِيُذْكَرَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ويُوصَفَ بالشَّجاعة. والذِّكْرُ: الشَّرَفُ والفَخْر.
وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ فِي صِفَةِ الْقُرْآنِ «وَهُوَ الذِّكْرُ الْحَكِيمُ» أَيِ الشَّرَفُ الْمُحْكَمُ الْعَارِي مِنَ الِاخْتِلَافِ.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَائِشَةَ «ثُمَّ جَلَسوا عِنْدَ الْمَذْكَر حَتَّى بَدَا حاجبُ الشَّمْسِ» الْمَذْكَرُ: مَوْضِعُ الذِّكْر، كَأَنَّهَا أَرَادَتْ عِنْدَ الرُّكن الْأَسْوَدِ أَوِ الْحِجر. وَقَدْ تكَرر ذكْر الذِّكْر فِي الْحَدِيثِ، ويُراد بِهِ تمجيدُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، وتقديسُه، وتسبيحُه وتهليلُه، والثَّنَاءُ عَلَيْهِ بِجَمِيعِ مَحامِدِه.
(هـ) وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَلِيٍّ «إِنَّ عَلِيًّا يَذْكُرُ فَاطِمَةَ» أَيْ يَخْطُبها. وَقِيلَ يَتَعَرَّض لِخِطْبَتِها.
وَفِي حَدِيثِ عُمَرَ «مَا حَلَفتُ بِهَا ذَاكِراً وَلَا آثِرًا» أَيْ مَا تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهَا حَالِفًا، مِنْ قَوْلِكَ ذَكَرْتُ لفُلان حديثَ كَذَا وَكَذَا أَيْ قلتُه لَهُ. وَلَيْسَ مِنَ الذِّكْر بَعْدَ النِّسْيان.
وَفِيهِ «الْقُرْآنُ ذَكَرٌ فَذَكِّرُوهُ» أَيْ أَنَّهُ جليلٌ خَطِير فأجِلُّوه.
(س) وَمِنْهُ الْحَدِيثُ «إِذَا غَلب ماءُ الرجُل ماءَ المرأةِ أَذْكَرَا» أَيْ ولَدَا ذَكَراً، وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ «إِذَا سَبَق ماءُ الرَّجل ماءَ المرأةِ أَذْكَرَتْ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ» أَيْ ولَدَته ذكَرا. يُقَالُ أَذْكَرَتِ المرأةُ فَهِيَ مُذْكِرٌ إِذَا ولَدت ذكَرا، فَإِذَا صَارَ ذَلِكَ عادَتَها قِيلَ مِذْكَارٌ.

حم

1 حَمَّ, (S, K,) see. Pers\. حَمِمْتَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَمٌّ, (TA,) [or perhaps this should be حَمَمٌ,] It (water) became hot. (S, K, TA.) b2: حَمِمْتُ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. حَمَمٌ, (S, K,) I was, or became, أَحَمّ, signifying black; (S, K; [accord. to the latter of which, and accord. to El-Hejeree, this epithet also signifies white; but it appears from the TA that the former only is here meant; and the verb seems primarily to signify I became rendered black by heat;]) as also ↓ اِحْمَوْمَيْتُ [originally اِحْمَوْمَمْتُ, or from حَمَى, q. v.], and ↓ تحمّمت, (K, [omitted in the TA,]) and ↓ تَحَمْحَمْتُ. (K, TA: the last, in the CK, written تَحْمَمْتُ.) b3: حَمَّ الجَمْرُ, see. Pers\. حَمِمْتَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَمَمٌ, The live coals became black, after their flaming had ceased, or after they had become extinguished: (Msb:) or حَمَّتِ الجَمْرَةُ, (S, K,) sec. Pers\. as above, (TA,) aor. ـَ the live coal became a piece of charcoal, (S, K,) or of ashes. (S.) A2: , حَمَّهُ (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. حَمٌّ, (TA,) He heated it, namely, water, (S, K, TA,) with fire; (TA;) as also ↓ احمّهُ, (S, K,) and ↓ حمّمهُ. (K.) You say, لَنَا المَآءَ ↓ أَحِمُّوا, (TA,) or مِنَ المَآءِ (S,) Heat ye for us the water, or some of the water. (S, TA.) b2: He heated it; kindled fire in it; filled it with firewood, to heat it; or heated it fully with fuel; namely, an oven. (K, * TA.) b3: حَمَّ الأَلْيَةَ, (S,) or الشَّحْمَةَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. حَمٌّ, (TA,) He melted [the fat of a sheep's tail, or the piece of fat]. (S, K.) b4: حَمَّ نَفْسَهُ: see 4 b5: حُمَّ He (a man, S) was, or became, fevered, or affected with fever; or he had, or was sick of, a fever: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or one says [of himself], حُمِمْتُ حُمَّى, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, حَمَمْتُ,]) حُمَّى

being held by ISd to be an inf. n. like بُشْرَى and رُجْعَى; (TA;) and the simple subst. [also] is حُمَّى: (K:) [or the inf. n. is حَمٌّ; for] you say, حُمِمْتُ حَمًّا; and the simple subst. is حُمَّى. (L.) And حُمَّ عَلَى طَعَامٍ He had a fever from eating [certain] food. (K, * TA.) And حمّ, [app. حُمَّ,] inf. n. حُمَامٌ said of a camel, He had a fever. (TA. [See حُمَامٌ, below.]) b6: حَمَّهُ said of an affair, an event, or a case: see 4. b7: حَمَّ ارْتِحَالَ, البَعِيرِ, (Fr, S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) He hastened the going, or departure, of the camel. (Fr, S, K.) A3: حَمَّ لَهُ كَذَا, and ↓ احمّ, He (God) decreed, or appointed, to him, or for him, such a thing. (K, TA.) And حُمَّ, (S, K,) inf. n. حَمٌّ, (K,) or حُمُومٌ, (Har p. 347,) It (a thing, S, or an event, K) was decreed, or appointed; (Sudot;, K;) as also ↓ أُحِمٌ. (S.) And حُمَّ لَهُ ذٰلِكَ That was decreed, or appointed, to him, or for him. (K.) A4: حَمَّ حَمَّهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) i. q. قَصَدَ قَصْدَهُ [like أَبَّ أَبَّهُ, q. v.; حَمَّ in this sense being a dial. var. of أَمَّ, as also أَبَّ]. (S, K.) b2: See also 4 as an in trans. v.2 حمّمهُ: see 1. b2: Also, (S, Msb, K, *) inf. n. تَحْمِيمٌ, (Msb,) He blackened (S Msb, K) his (a man's, S) face, (S, K,) or it, one's face, (Msb,) with charcoal. (Sudot;, Msb, K.) [Hence,] حُمِّمَ وَجْهُ الزَّانِى The face of the fornicator, or adulterer, was blackened [with charcoal]. (Mgh. [See 2 in art. جبه.]) b3: [Using the verb intransitively,] you say also, حَمَّمَ رَأْسُهُ His head became black after shaving: (S, Mgh, TA:) [i. e.] the hair of his head grew [again] after it had been shaven. (K.) And hence, حمّم بِالمَآءِ, said of the hair, It was rendered black by the water: because the hair, when shaggy, or dishevelled, in consequence of its being seldom dressed or anointed, becomes dusty; and when it is washed with water, its blackness appears. (TA.) And حمّم الغُلَامُ The boy's, or young man's, beard appeared. (K.) And حمّم الفَرْخُ The young bird's plumage came forth: (S, K:) or its down. (TA.) And حَمَّمَتِ الأَرْضُ The herbage of the land appeared, of a green hue inclining to black. (K.) A2: حمّم امْرَأَتَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْمِيمٌ (Mgh, TA) [and تَحِمَّةٌ], He gave a present to his wife after divorce: (S, M, K: *) the explanation in the K, مَتَّعَهَا بِالطَّلَاقِ, should be, as in the [S and] M, متّعها بِشَىْءٍ بَعْدَ الطَّلَاقِ. (TA.) The verb is doubly trans., as meaning أَعْطَى: so in the phrase, حَمَّمَهَاخَادِمًا سَوْدَآءَ He gave her, after divorce, a black female slave: or this may be for حَمَّمَهَابِهَا. (TA.) [Hence,] ثِيَابُ التَّحِمَّة The clothing with which a man attires his wife when he gives her a gift after divorce. (K, TA.) 3 حامّهُ, inf. n. مُحَامَّةٌ, i. q. قَارَبَهُ [app. as meaning He approached, or drew near to, him, or it]. (K.) And حَامَمْتُهُ, (inf. n. as above, K,) I desired, or sought, to obtain from him, or I demanded of him, something. (El-Umawee, S, K.) 4 احمّهُ as syn. with حَمَّهُ and حَمَّمَهُ: see 1, in two places. b2: Also He washed him (namely, another man,) with حَمِيم [i.e. hot water]. (S.) And احمّ نَفْسَهُ He washed himself with cold water, (K,) accord. to IAar: but accord. to others, with hot water; as also نَفْسَهُ ↓ حَمَّ: and حُمُومٌ [is an inf. n. of حَمَّ, and] signifies the washing oneself; but is of a vulgar dialect. (TA. [See also 10.]) b3: He (God) caused him to have, or be sick of, a fever. (S, Msb, K.) b4: It (an affair, an event, or a case,) rendered him anxious, disquieted him, or grieved him; syn. أَهَمَّهُ; (S, K;) as also ↓ حَمَّهُ. (K.) And أُحِمَّ He (a man) was affected with confusion, perplexity, fear, impatience, disquietude, or agitation, and anxiety, or grief. (TA.) A2: He (God) rendered him, or caused him to be, أَحَمّ, (S, K,) i. e. black. (S.) A3: He caused it to draw near, or approach. (Msb.) A4: أَحَيَّتِ الأَرْضُ The land had fever in it: (S, K:) or had much fever in it. (TA.) A5: احمّ It drew near, or approached; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ حَمَّ, [in the Ham p. 350, written حُمَّ,] aor. ـِ inf. n. حَمٌّ: (Msb:) it was, or became, present: (K:) its time drew near, or came; as also اجمّ: so says Ks; and thus this last verb is explained by As; but he knew not احمّ in this sense. (S, TA.) You say, أَحَمَّتِ الحَاجَةُ and اجمّت The object of want became near; (ISk, TA;) and both are mentioned by Fr. (S.) And احمّ قُدُومُهُمْ and اجمّ Their coming drew near. (Fr, TA.) The Kilábeeyeh says, احمّ رَحِيلُنَا فَنَحْنُ سَائِرُونَ غَدًا [Our departure has drawn near, and we are going tomorrow]: and اجمّ رحيلنا فنحن سائرون اليَوْمَ [Our departure is determined upon, and we are going to-day]; meaning we have determined upon our going to-day. (TA.) A6: أَحَمَّ لَهُ كَذَا; and أُحِمَّ: see 1, near the end of the paragraph.5 تَحَمَّّ see 1: A2: and see also 10.8 احتمّ He was, or became, anxious, disquieted, or grieved, syn. اهتمّ, (S, TA,) لَهث for him; as though for one near and dear to him: (TA: [see حَمِيمٌ:]) or he was, or became, anxious, disquieted, or grieved, and sleepless: (Ham p. 90:) or he was, or became, anxious, disquieted, or grieved, by night: (K, and Ham ibid.:) اِهْتِمَام differing from اِحْتَمَام in being [often] by day: (Ham p. 433:) and he slept not by reason of anxiety, disquietude, or grief. (K.) And احْتَمَّتِ العَيْنُ The eye was, or became, sleepless, without pain. (K.) Also احتمّ لِفُلَانٍ He was, or became, sharp, hasty, or irascible, towards such a one. (TA.) 10 استحمّ He washed himself with hot water: (S, Msb, K: or accord. to some copies of the K, استحمّ بِالحَمِيمِ has this meaning:) this is the primary signification: (S:) then applied, (S, Msb,) by reason of frequency of usage, (Msb,) to mean he washed himself with any water. (S, Msb. [See also 4.]) b2: He entered the حَمَّام [or hot bath]: (Mgh, TA:) ↓ تحمّم [in this sense] is not of established authority. (Mgh.) b3: He sweated: (S, K:) said of a man, (TA,) and of a horse (S, TA) or similar beast. (TA.) 12 إِحْمَوْمَ3َ see 1, second sentence. R. Q. 1 حَمْحَمَ, [inf. n. حَمْحَمَةٌ,] He (a horse) uttered his cry, [or neighed,] when desiring fodder; as also ↓ تَحَمْحَمَ: (S:) accord. to Az, حَمْحَمَةٌ is app. a word imitative of the cry of the horse when he desires fodder; or when he sees his master to whom he has been accustomed, and behaves familiarly towards him: (TA:) or it signifies a horse's uttering a cry with a kind of yearning sound, in order that his master may feel tenderness for him; as also ↓ تَحَمْحُمٌ: (EM p. 250:) or, of a بِرْذَوْن [or hack, or the like,] the uttering of a cry [or neighing] such as is not loud; and of a horse [of good breed], the uttering of a cry not so loud as the صَهِيل [or usual neighing]: (Lth, TA:) or, of the برذون, the uttering of a cry when desiring the barley: (K, * TA:) and the عِرّ, or عِزّ, [accord. to different copies of the K, but each is app. a mistranscription, for عِىّ as meaning faltering of the voice or cry.] of the horse, when falling, or stopping, short in neighing, and seeking self-help [to finish it]; as also ↓ تَحَمْحُمٌ: (K:) and the bull's uttering a cry with the desire of leaping the cow. (Az, K.) R. Q. 2 تَحَمْحَمَ: see 1, second sentence: A2: and see also R. Q. 1, in three places.

حٰم: see حَامِيم, throughout.

حَمٌ: see art. حمو.

حَمٌّ, [in the CK, erroneously, حُمّ,] The vehemence, or intenseness, of the heat of the ظَهِيرَة [or midday in summer]. (K, TA.) You say, أَتيْتُهُ حَمَّ الظَّهِيرَةِ [I came to him during the vehemence of the heat of the midday in summer]. (TA.) b2: The main, or chief, part of a thing; (K;) and so ↓ حُمَّةٌ in the phrase حُمَّةُ الحَرِّ [the main, or chief, part of the heat]. (S, TA.) b3: See also حَمِيمَةٌ. b4: The remains of the أَلْيَة [or tail of a sheep] after the melting [of the fat]: n. un. with ة: and what is melted thereof: (S:) or the part of the الية of which one has melted the grease, (As, T, K,) when no grease remains in it; (As, T, TA;) and of fat: n. un. with ة: or what remains of melted fat: (K:) accord. to Az, the correct explanation is that of As: but he adds, I have heard the Arabs call thus what is melted of the hump of a camel: and they called the hump الشَّحْمُ. (TA.) b5: Property, or cattle and the like; and goods, commodities, or householdfurniture and utensils. (Sh, TA.) A2: مَا لَهُ سَمٌّ وَلَا حَمٌّ غَيْرُكَ, (S,) or ماله حَمٌّ ولا سَمٌّ, (K,) and ↓ ولا حُمٌّ, (S,) or حُمٌّ ولا سُمٌّ, (K,) and حَمٌّ ولا رَمٌّ, and ولا رُمٌّ ↓ حُمٌّ, (TA,) He has no object in his mind except thee; syn. هَمٌّ: (S, K, * TA: [see also art. سمّ:]) or ما له حمّ ولا سمّ, (K,) or حمّ ولا رمّ, (TA,) means he has neither little nor much. (K, TA.) b2: And مَالِى مِنْهُ حَمٌّ, (S,) or عَنْهُ, (K,) and ↓ حُمٌّ, (S, K,) and رَمٌّ, and رُمٌّ, (TA,) I have not any means, or way, of separating myself from it, or of avoiding it. (S, K, * TA.) حُمٌّ: see حَمٌّ, in three places.

حَمَّةٌ A hot spring, (IDrd, S, Mgh, K,) by means of which the diseased seek to cure themselves. (IDrd, S, K.) In a trad., (S, TA,) the learned man (العَالِم) is said to be like the حَمَّة, (S, Mgh, TA,) to which the distant resort, and which the near neglect. (TA.) حُمُّةٌ: see حُمُّى: b2: and see also حَمٌّ. b3: Also The vehemence, and main force, of the movements of two armies meeting each other. (TA from a trad.) b4: The sharpness of a spear-head. (TA.) b5: The venom, or poison, of the scorpion: (TA:) a dial. var. of حُمَةٌ, (K,) accord. to IAar; but others allow not the teshdeed, [and among them J,] and assert the word to be originally حُمَوٌ. (TA.) b6: A decreed, or predestined, case of separation: (S, K:) and of death; (TA;) as also ↓ حِمَامٌ: (S, K:) you say حِمَامُ المَوْتِ, and الحِمَامُ alone as in a verse cited voce عَتَبَ [q. v.]: (TA:) the pl. of حُمَّةٌ is حُمَمٌ and حِمَامٌ. (K.) A2: Blackness; (S, TA;) the colour denoted by the epithet أَحَمُّ [q. v.]: (S, K:) a colour between دُهْمَة [or blackness] and كمْتَة [or a blackish red], inferior [in depth, or brightness,] to what is termed حُوَّة [app. as meaning redness inclining to blackness]. (M, K.) b2: The black sediment of clarified butter, and the like, in the bottom of the skin. (TA.) A3: Also i. q. حُبَّةٌ: so in the phrases فُلَانٌ حُمَّة نَفْسِى [Such a one is the beloved of my soul] (Az, TA) and هُوَ مِنْ حُمَّةِ نَفْسِى [He is of the beloved of my soul]: and the م is said to be a substitute for ب. (TA.) [See also أَحَمُّ, which is used as syn. with أَحَبُّ.]

حِمَّةٌ: see حَمِيمٌ, in two places.

A2: Also Death; or the decreed term of life: (K:) pl. حِمَمٌ. (TA.) حُمَمٌ Charcoal: (S, Mgh, K:) or cold charcoal: (TA:) or burnt wood and the like: (Msb:) or charcoal that does not hold together: (Msb in explanation of the n. un. in art. قبس:) and ashes: and anything burnt by fire: (S, TA:) n. un. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) which is tropically applied to (tropical:) live coals [or a live coal]. (Msb.) [Hence] the n. un. is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Blackness of complexion. (TA from a trad. of Lukmán Ibn-'Ád.) And جَارِيَةٌ حُمَمَةٌ means (assumed tropical:) A black girl or female slave. (TA. [See also أَحَمُّ.]) حَمَامٌ [The pigeon, both wild and domestic, but more properly the former; and sometimes not strictly confined to denote the pigeon-kind:] a certain wild bird, that does not keep to the houses; well-known: (ISd, K:) or any collared, or ringed, bird; (S, Msb, K;) so with the Arabs; such as the فَوَاخِت and the قَمَارِىّ and سَاقُ حُرّ and the قَطَا and the وَرَاشِين and the like, (S, Msb,) and the domestic [pigeons] (الدَّوَاجِن), also, (El-Umawee, S, Msb,) that are taken into houses for the purpose of producing their young ones; (El-Umawee, S;) to which last alone the term is applied by the vulgar: accord. to Ks, it is the wild [species]; and the يَمَام is that which keeps to the houses: accord. to As, the latter is the حَمَام وَحْشِىّ [or wild pigeon]; a species of the birds of the desert: (S, Msb:) or, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, حَمَامٌ signifies any kind of bird that drinks in the manner denoted by the verb عَبَّ, [i. e. continuously,] and cooes; including the قَمَارِىّ and وَرَاشِين and فَوَاخِت; whether it be, or be not, collared, or ringed; domestic or wild: (Az, TA:) the flesh thereof strengthens the venereal faculty, and increases the seminal fluid and the blood; the putting it, cut open while alive, upon the place stung by a scorpion, is a proved cure; and the blood stops bleeding from the nose: (K:) the n. un. is with ة; (S, Msb;) which is applied to the male and the female: (S Msb, K:) and in like manner, حَمَامٌ, because the ة is added to restrict to unity, not to make fem.: (S:) but to distinguish the masc., you may say, رَأَيْتُ حَمَامًا عَلَى حَمَامَةٍ, i. e. I saw a male [pigeon] upon a female [pigeon]: (Zj, Msb:) accord. to ISd and the K, however, حَمَامٌ should not be applied to the [single] male: (TA:) in a verse of Homeyd Ibn-Thowr, cited voce حُرٌّ, by the n. un. is meant a قُمْرِيَّة: the pl. of حمامة is حَمَامٌ, (S,) [or rather this is the coll. gen. n.,] and حَمَائِمُ (S, K) and حَمَامَاتٌ: (S:) and sometimes حَمَامٌ is used as a sing.: [so in an ex. above: and] Jirán-el-'Owd says, وَذَكَّرَنِى الصِّبَا بَعْدَ التَّنَائِى

حَمَامَةُ أَيْكَةٍ تَدْعُو حَمَامَا [And a female pigeon of a thicket, calling a male pigeon, reminded me of youth, after estrangement]: a poet also says, حَمَامَا قَقْرَةٍ وَقَعَا فَطَارَا [Two pigeons of a desert tract alighted and flew away]: and El-Umawee cites, as an ex. of حَمَام applied to the domestic [pigeons], قَوَاطِنًا مَكَّةَ مِنْ وُرْقِ الحَمَى

[Inhabiting Mekkeh, of the pigeons of a white colour inclining to black]; by الحمى [or rather it should be written الحَمَا] meaning الحَمَام. (S.) حُمَامٌ The fever (حُمَّى) of camels; (S;) as also ↓ حُمَّآءُ: (TA:) or of all beasts, (K, TA,) including camels: (TA:) accord. to ISh, when camels eat date-stones, [which are often given to them as food,] they are [sometimes] affected with حُمَام and قُمَاح; the former of which is a heat affecting the skin, until the body is smeared with mud, or clay, in consequence of which they forsake the abundant herbage, and their fat goes away; and it continues in them a month, and then passes away. (Az, TA.) b2: حُمَامُ قُرٍّ The disease termed مُوم, which affects men. (TA.) b3: See also حَمِيمٌ.

A2: A noble chief, or lord: (K:) thought by Az to be originally هُمَامٌ. (TA.) حِمَامٌ: see its syn. حُمَّةٌ; of which it is also a pl. (K.) حَمِيمٌ The قَيْظ [or summer: or the most vehement heat of summer, from the auroral rising of the Pleiades (at the epoch of the Flight about the 13th of May O. S.) to the auroral rising of Canopus (at the same period about the 4th of August O. S.): or vehemence of heat]: (S, K:) or a period of about twenty nights, commencing at the [auroral] rising of الدَّبَرَان [at the epoch of the Flight about the 26th of May O. S.]. (Az, T voce نَوْءٌ.) b2: Live coals with which one fumigates. (IAar, Sh.) b3: Hot water; (T, S, ISd, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ حَمِيمَةٌ: (S, ISd, K:) or so مَآءٌ حَمِيمٌ: (Msb:) pl. حَمَائِمُ; (K;) i. e. pl. of حَمِيمٌ, accord. to IAar; but accord. to ISd, of حَمِيمَةٌ. (TA.) b4: And Cold water: (K:) or cold, applied to water: so, accord. to IAar, in the saying of a poet, وَسَاغَ لِىَ الشَّرَابُ وَكُنْتُ قِدْمًا

أَكَادُ أَغَصُّ بِالمَآءِ الحَمِيمِ [And wine has become easy to swallow to me, whereas I used, in old time, nearly to be choked with cold water]: (Az, TA:) thus bearing two contr. significations. (Az, K.) b5: The rain that comes in the time of vehement heat; (S;) or after the heat has become vehement, (M, K,) because it is hot; (M;) or in the صَيْف [or summer], when the ground is hot. (TA.) b6: (tropical:) Sweat; (Az, S, A, K;) as also ↓ حِمَّةٌ: (Az, A, K:) and ↓ حُمَامٌ is said to signify the sweat of horses. (Ham p. 92.) One says, (to a person who has been in the bath, A, TA,) طَابَ حَمِيمُكَ and ↓ طَابَتْ حِمَّتُكَ, meaning May thy sweat be good, or pleasant; (Az, A, K;) and consequently, may God make thy body sound, or healthy: (A, TA:) or the former may mean as above, or may thy bathing be good, or pleasant: (IB:) one should not say, ↓ طَابَ حَمَّامُكَ, (K, TA,) though MF defends it. (TA.) A2: A relation, (Lth, S, K,) for whose case one is anxious or solicitous, (S,) or whom one loves and by whom one is beloved: (Lth, K:) or an affectionate, or a compassionate, relation, who is sharp, or hasty, to protect his kinsfolk: or an object of love; a person beloved: (TA:) or a man's brother; his friend, or true friend; because anxious, or solicitous, for him: (Ham p. 90:) and ↓ مُحِمٌّ signifies the same: the pl. [of حميم] is أَحِمَّآءُ: and sometimes حَمِيمٌ is used as a pl., and as fem.; (K;) as well as sing. and masc. (TA.) b2: الحَمِيمُ بِالحَاجَةِ He who devotes himself to obtain the object of want; who is solicitous for it. (TA.) A poet says, وَلَا يُدْرِكُ الحَاجَاتِ إِلَّا حَمِيمُهَا [And none will attain the objects of want but he who devotes himself to obtain them; who is solicitous for them]. (IAar, TA.) حَمَامَةٌ n. un. of حَمَامٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) b2: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) A woman: or a beautiful woman. (K, TA. [In the CK, only the latter.]) A2: The middle of the breast or chest. (K, TA.) The قَصّ [or breast, or head of the breast, or pit at the head of the breast, or middle of the breast, or the sternum,] of a horse. (K.) The callous protuberance upon the breast of a camel. (K.) b2: The sheave of the pulley of a bucket. (K.) b3: The ring of a door. (K.) b4: The clean court of a قَصْر [or palace, &c.]. (K.) A3: See also the next paragraph.

حَمِيمَةٌ: see حَمِيمٌ. b2: Also Heated milk. (K.) A2: Also, (S, K,) as well as ↓ حَمٌّ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, حُمّ,]) sing. of حَمَائِمُ signifying (tropical:) Such as are held in high estimation, precious, or excellent, or the choice, or best, (S, K, TA,) of cattle or other property, (S,) or of camels: (K:) and accord. to Kr, the sing. is used as a pl. in this sense: (ISd, TA:) ↓ حَمَامَةٌ, likewise, signifies the choice, or best, of cattle or other property; and so ↓ حَامَّةٌ, of camels: (K:) or you say إِبِلٌ حَامَّةٌ, meaning excellent, or choice, camels. (S.) حُمَيْمَةٌ; accord. to the K, حُمَيْمَاتٌ, but this is the pl.; (TA;) A live coal; syn. جَمْرَةٌ: (K, TA:) or redness; syn. حُمْرَةٌ: (CK, and so in a MS. copy of the K:) [in Freytag's Lex., the pl. is explained as meaning redness of the skin; and so ↓ حُمَامَى.]

حُمَامَى: see what next precedes.

حَمَامِىٌّ One who flies pigeons (حَمَام), and sends them [as carriers of letters] to various towns or countries. (TA.) حُمّى, (S, K, &c.,) a subst. from حُمّ, (Lh, L, K,) imperfectly decl., because of the fem. alif [which terminates it], (Msb,) A fever; a disease by which the body becomes hot: from الحَمِيمُ: said to be so called because of the excessive heat; whence the trad., الحُمَّى مِنْ فَيْحِ جَهَنَّمَ [Fever is from the exhalation of Hell]: or because of the sweat that occurs in it: or because it is of the signs of الحِمَام [i. e. the decreed, or predestined, case of death]; for they say, الحُمَّى رَائِدُ المَوْتِ [Fever is the messenger that precedes death], or بَرِيدُ المَوْتِ [the messenger of death], or بَابُ المَوْتِ [the gate of death]: (TA:) and ↓ حُمَّةٌ signifies the same: (K, TA:) pl. of the former حُمَّيَاتٌ. (Msb.) حُمَّآءُ: see حُمَامٌ.

حَمَّامٌ [A hot bath;] a certain structure, (S,) well known; (Msb;) so called because it occasions sweating, or because of the hot water that is in it; accord. to ISd, derived from الحَمِيمُ; (TA;) i. q. دَيْمَاسٌ: (K:) of the masc. gender, (Mgh, K,) and fem. also, (Mgh,) generally the latter; (Msb;) but some say that it is a mistake to make it fem., (MF, TA,) though IB cites a verse in which a fem. pronoun is asserted to refer to a حمّام: (TA:) pl. حَمَّامَاتٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) accord. to Sb, [not because the sing. is fem., but] because, though masc., it has no broken pl. (TA.) See also حَمِيمٌ.

حَمَّامِىٌّ The owner [or keeper] of a حَمَّام [or hot bath]. (Mgh.) حُمْحُمٌ: see أَحَمُّ.

حِمْحِمٌ: see أَحَمُّ, in two places.

حَامَّةٌ The خَاصَّة [or particular, or special, friends, or familiars], (S, K,) consisting of the family and children (K) and relations, (TA,) of a man. (K.) You say, كَيْفَ الحَامَّةُ وَالعَامَّةُ [How are the particular, or special, friends, &c., and the common people?]. (S.) And هٰؤُلَآءِ حَامَّةُ الرَّجُلِ These are the relations of the man. (Lth, S.) [See حُمَّةٌ, and أَحمُّ.] b2: See also حَمِيمَةٌ. b3: Also i. q. عَامَّةٌ. (K.) [It would seem that this signification might have been assigned to it in consequence of a misunderstanding of the words in the S, وَالحَامَّةُ الخَاصَّةُ يُقَالُ كَيْفَ الحَامَّةُ وَالعَامَّةُ: but accord. to the TK, one says, جَاؤُوا حَامَّةً, meaning عَامَّةً, i. e. They came generally, or universally.]

آلُ حَامِيمَ and ذَوَاتُ حَامِيمَ, (K,) or ↓ آلُ حٰم and ذَوَاتُ حٰم, (S,) آل being prefixed in this case in like manner as in آلُ فُلَانٍ, (Fr, S,) Certain chapters of the Kur-án (S, K) commencing with حاميم [or حٰم], (K,) [namely, the fortieth and six following chapters,] called by Ibn-Mes'ood دِيبَاجُ القُرْآنِ: (S:) one should not say حَوَامِيم: (K:) this is vulgar: (S:) but it occurs in poetry. (S, K.) b2: Also, (K,) accord. to I'Ab, ↓ حٰم is One of the names of God; (Mgh;) or it is the most great name of God; (K;) occurring in a trad., in which it is said, إِنْ بُيِّتُّمْ فَقُولُوا حٰم لَا يَنْصَرُونَ, meaning If ye be attacked by night, say ye حٰم; and when ye say this, they shall not be made victorious: (Mgh:) or the meaning is, [say ye] O God, they shall not be made victorious; not being an imprecation; for were it so, it would be لَا يُنْصَرُوا: (IAth, TA:) or it is an oath; (Mgh, K;) and the meaning of the trad. is, [say ye] By God, they shall not be made victorious: but حٰم is not among the numbered names of God: it has therefore been deemed preferable to understand it as here meaning the seven chapters of the Kur-án commencing therewith: (Mgh:) or it is an abbreviation of الرَّحْمٰنُ, wanting the letters الرن to complete it: (Zj, K:) or, as some say, it means [حُمَّ مَا هُوَ كَائِنٌ, i. e.] قُضِىَ مَاهُوَ كَائِنٌ [What is taking place has been decreed]. (Az, TA.) It is imperfectly decl. because determinate and of the fem. gender; or because it is of a foreign measure, like قَابِيلُ and هَابِيلُ, (Ksh, Bd,) and determinate. (Ksh.) أَحَمُّ Black; (S, K;) applied to anything; as also ↓ يَحْمُومٌ, (K,) and ↓ حمِحِمٌ, (As, K,) or this signifies intensely black, (S,) and ↓ حُمْحُمٌ, (K,) which IB explains as a black hue of dye: (TA:) [the fem. of the first is حَمَّآءُ: and the pl. حُمٌّ: and] the pl. of ↓ the second is يَحَامِيمُ, and by poetic license يَحَامِمُ. (Sb, TA.) You say, رَجُلٌ أَحَمُّ A black man. (S.) And رَجُلٌ أَحَمُّ المُقْلَتَيْنِ A man having black eyes. (TA.) And كُمَيْتٌ أَحَمُّ [A blackish bay horse]: pl. كُمْتٌ حُمٌّ; which are the strongest of horses in skin and hoofs. (S.) And ↓ شَاةٌ حِمْحِمٌ A black sheep or goat. (TA.) And لَيْلٌ أَحَمُّ Black night. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الحَمَّآءُ The anus (سَافِلَة, S, or اِسْت, K) of a human being: (S:) pl. حُمٌّ. (S, K.) b3: and أَحَمُّ An arrow before it has been furnished with feathers and a head; syn. قِدْحٌ. (K.) b4: حَمَّآءُ applied to a lip (شَفَةٌ) and to a gum (لِثَةٌ) meansOf a colour between دُهْمَةٌ and كُمْتَةٌ. (M, TA. [See حُمَّةٌ.]) b5: Accord. to some, (TA,) أَحَمُّ also signifies White: thus having two contr. meanings. (K, TA.) A2: Also A more, or most, particular, or special, and beloved, friend or the like. (Az, TA. [See حُمَّةٌ, and حَمِيمٌ, and حَامَّةٌ.]) مُحِمٌّ: see مَحَمَّةٌ: A2: and see also حَمِيمٌ.

مِحَمٌّ i. q. قُمْقُمَةٌ: (Mgh, Msb;) i. e. A vessel of copper [or brass], in which water is heated, (KL, and Msb in art. قم,) having a long and narrow neck: (KL:) or a small قُمْقُم [here meaning the same as قُمْقُمَة], in which water is heated. (S.) مَحَمَّةٌ, applied to food [&c.], (TA,) Any cause of fever; or a thing from the eating of which one is affected with fever: (K, * TA:) such, for instance, the eating of fresh ripe dates is said to be. (TA.) And أَرْضٌ مَحَمَّةٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُحِمَّةٌ, (M, K,) mentioned by AAF, but not known by the lexicologists except as agreeable with analogy, [see its verb, 4,] (M, TA,) A land in which is fever: (S, K:) or in which is much fever. (K.) مَحْمُومٌ Fevered, or affected with fever, or sick of a fever. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) A2: Applied to water, like مَثْمُودٌ [q. v.]. (Az, TA.) A3: Decreed, or appointed. (S, TA.) مُحَامٌّ Keeping constantly, firmly, steadily, steadfastly, or fixedly, عَلَى أَمْرٍ to an affair. (Az, K. *) مُسْتَحَمٌّ, (TA,) or مُسْتَحَمَّةٌ, (Mgh,) A place in which one washes with hot water. (Mgh, * TA.) يَحْمُومٌ: see أَحَمُّ, in two places. b2: Also Smoke: (S, M, K:) or black smoke: (Bd in lvi. 42:) or intensely black smoke. (Jel ibid. and TA.) b3: A black mountain: (K:) or a certain black mountain in Hell. (TA.) b4: The canopy, or awning, that is extended over the people of Hell: so, as some say, in the Kur lvi. 42. (TA.) b5: A certain bird: (K:) so called because of the blackness of its wings. (TA.) b6: نَبْتٌ يَحْمُومٌ A plant, or herbage, green, full of moisture, and black. (TA.)

او

ى1 أَوَى إِلَيْهِ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and أَوَاهُ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (T, S, Msb,) imperative اِيوِ (T,) inf. n. أُوِىُّ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) with damm, (K,) of the measure فُعُولٌ, [originally أُوُوىٌ,] (S,) and إِوِىٌّ, (Fr, M, K,) with kesr, (K,) and إِوَآءٌ; (S;) and اليه ↓ أوّى, (M, K,) inf. n. تَأْوِيَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ تأوّى; (M, K;) and ↓ اأْتَوَى, (thus [more commonly ائتوى] accord. to a copy of the M,) or ↓ اتَّوَى, (K,) like اتَّخَذَ, (TK,) and ↓ اِيتَوَى, (M, K,) both of the measure افتعل; (TA;) and ↓ آوَى is used by some in the same sense, but rejected, in this sense, by several; (Msb;) the pronoun relating to a place of abode; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) He betook himself to it, or repaired to it, for lodging, covert, or refuge; (Mgh;) and [simply] he got him or got himself, betook himself, repaired, or resorted, to it; (T, Mgh;) he returned to it; (M;) he took up his abode in it; he lodged, or abode, or dwelt, in it. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 45], سَآوِى إِلَى

جَبَلٍ يَعْصِمُنِى مِنَ المَآءِ [I will betake myself for refuge to a mountain that shall preserve me from the water]. (S.) الأُوِىُّ properly relates to living beings; but is used otherwise, metaphorically. (M.) In the saying of Lebeed, بِصَبُوحِ صَافِيَةٍ وَجَذْبِ كَرِينَةٍ

لَهُ إِبْهَامُهَا ↓ بِمُوَترٍ تَأْتَى

[With a morning-potation of clear wine (خَمْرٍ

being understood), and a female singer's straining of her chords, with a stringed instrument to which her thumb returns after the straining], he means تَأْتَوِى لَهُ, of the measure تَفْتَعِلُ, from أَوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ signifying عُدْتُ; the و being changed into ا [written ى], and the ى, which is the final radical, being elided. (M. [But see another reading near the end of the first paragraph of art. اول.]) أَوَى, aor. as above, inf. n. أُوِىٌ, also signifies He turned away: and hence, [it is said,] إِذْ أَوَى الفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الكَهْفِ [When the young men turned away to the cave: though the verb may be here well rendered betook themselves for refuge]. (Har p. 246.) You say also, أَوَيْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, (A'Obeyd, T,) or لَهُ, (as afterwards written in a copy of the T,) [I betook myself to such a one, or repaired to him, for lodging, covert, or refuge; or] I joined myself, got myself, betook myself, repaired, or resorted, to such a one: and accord. to AHeyth, أَوَيْتُ فُلَانًا signifies the same; but he did not know أَوَيْتُ to be syn. with آوَيْتُ as explained below. (T.) And أَوَى إِلَى اللّٰهِ He returned unto God. (TA, from a trad.) b2: أَوَى said of a wound: see 5.

A2: See also 4, in seven places.

A3: أَوَى لَهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) like رَوَى, (K, TA,) but it would have been more explicit if the author of the K had said like رَمَى, (TA,) [as is shown by the false reading in the CK, أوِىَ لَهُ كَرَوِىّ,] aor. ـو (T, S, Mgh,) inf. n. أَوْيَةٌ (S, K) and إِيَّةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with kesr, (TA,) [originally إِوْيَةٌ,] the و being changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (S,) or because combined with ى and preceded by sukoon [a mistake for “kesreh”], (IB as cited in the TA,) [in a copy of the T written ايَّة, and in a copy of the M and in the CK اَيَّة,] and مَأْوِيَةٌ, (S, M, K,) without teshdeed, (S, TA,) [in my copy of the Mgh written with tesh-deed,] and مَأْوَاهٌ, (S, M, K,) He compassionated him; felt compassion, or pity, for him; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ ائتوى, (T, K,) of the measure افتعل. (TA.) In using the imperative form, you say, اِوِ لَهُ, [unless this be a mistranscription for اِيوِ لَهُ,] meaning Be thou compassionate to him. (T, TA.) 2 اَوَّىَ see 1, first sentence: A2: and see 4.

A3: أَوَّيْتُ بِالخَيْلِ (ISh, T) [I drew together the horses: this meaning seems to be indicated in the T, by the context: or] I called out to the horses آوَّهْ, in order that they should return at hearing my voice: (ISh:) and in like manner one says to them ↓ آوِ or آوٍ; (ISh, T, TA;) a well-known call of the Arabs to horses; and sometimes آى, with a long meddeh, is said to them from afar. (T, TA.) [See also 5.]4 آواهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إيوَآءٌ; (T, S, Mgh;) and ↓ أوّاهُ; (K;) and ↓ أَوَاهُ; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) the first of which is the [most] approved; (T;) the last used by some; (T, Msb;) both given on the authority of Az, (S,) and of A'Obeyd, accord. to whom you say, أَوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ, with the short ا only; (T, M;) He, or it, gave him, or afforded him, lodging, covert, or refuge; harboured him; sheltered him; protected him; (Mgh;) he lodged him, or lodged him with himself; made him his guest; or gave him refuge or asylum, absolutely, or with himself; syn. أَنْزَلَهُ; (K;) or أَنْزَلَهُ. (T, S, TA.) You say also, الرَّجُلَ إِلَىَّ ↓ أَوَيْتُ and آوَيْتُهُ [I took the man to me to lodge, to be my guest, or to give him refuge or asylum]. (M.) And آوَاهُ سَقْفٌ [A roof shel-tered him]. (Mgh.) And الإِبِلَ ↓ أَوَيْتُ and آوَيْتُهَا [I lodged the camels in their nightly resting-place]; both meaning the same. (T.) And it is said in a trad., الحَمْدُ لِلّهِ الَّذِى كَفَانَا وَآوَانَا i. e. [Praise be to God who hath sufficed us and] hath brought us to a place of abode for us, and not made us to be scattered like the beasts. (TA.) AHeyth disallowed ↓ أَوَيْتُ as syn. with آوَيْتُ; but it is correct. (T.) It is said in a form of divorce, ↓ لَا يَأْوِينِى

وَإِيَّاكِ بَيْتٌ [A house, or tent, shall not lodge, or comprise, me with thee]. (Mgh.) And among other instances, is the saying of the Prophet, (T,) الضَّالَّةٌ إلَّا ضَالٌّ ↓ لَا يَأْوِى [No one will harbour the stray beast but a person straying from the right course of conduct]. (T, Mgh.) And his saying, الجَرِينُ ↓ لَا قَطْعَ فِى ثَمَرٍ حَتَّى يَأْوِيِه i. e. [There shall be no cutting off of the hand in the case of stealing fruit] unless the place where the fruit is dried contain it [at the time of the stealing thereof]. (TA.) b2: Hence, إِيوَآءُ خَشَبِ الفَحْمِ The throwing of dust, or earth, upon the wood of which charcoal is made, and covering it therewith. (Mgh.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.5 تَاَوَّىَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تَأَوَّتِ الطَّيْرُ The birds collected, or flocked, together; (Lth, T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ تَآوَت: (K:) the latter is allowable. (T.) And in like manner one says of other things. (M.) [Thus,] one says, تَأَوَّتِ الخَيْلُ The horses drew, or gathered, themselves together: and تأوّى النَّاسُ The men did so. (T.) You say also, of a wound, ↓ تآوى, and ↓ أَوَى, meaning It drew together, for healing; and so تآزى, and أَزَى: so in the Nawádir el-Aaráb. (T.) A2: One may also say, يَتَأَوَّى, without saying it with ه, [i. e. يَتَأَوَّهُ,] meaning He says أَوْهِ. (Fr and T in art. او.) [See also 2; and see art. اوه.]6 تَاَاْوَىَ see 5, in two places.8 اأْتَوى, or ائتوى, or اتَّوَى, and اِيتَوَى, and تَأْتَى for تَأْتَوِى: see 1, first part of the paragraph, in four places.

A2: See also the last sentence but one of the same paragraph.10 اسْتَأْوَيْتُهُ I asked him, or desired him, to compassionate me, or have mercy on me; syn. اسْتَرْحَمْتُهُ. (T.) A poet (namely, Dhu-r-Rummeh, TA) says, وَلَوْ أَنَّنى اسْتَأْوَيْتُهُ مَا أَوَى لِيَا [And if I had asked him, or desired him, to compassionate me, he would not have compassionated me]. (T, S.) أُوَيَّةٌ dim. of آءٌ: see the letter ا.

آوِ or آوٍ: see 2.

A2: آوٍ [the part. n. of 1] has for its pl. أُوِىٌّ [like one of the inf. ns. of 1]. (T, S.) The latter is applied to birds, signifying Collecting, or flocking, together; (T, S, M, * K; *) syn. ↓ مُتَأَوِّيَةٌ (Lth, T) and مُتَأَوِّيَاتٌ. (Lth, T, S, M, K.) اِبْنُ آوَى, a determinate noun, (S, M,) [The jackal; vulgarly called in the present day وَاوِى;] a certain small beast, (M, K,) called in Persian شَغَالْ, (S,) or in that language [or in Turkish]

چَقَالْ: (TA:) it has been said to be the offspring of the wolf; but is well known to be not of the wolf-kind: (Msb;) آوَى is inseparable from ابن: (M:) it is imperfectly decl., (T, S, Msb,) being of the measure أَفْعَلُ, (S,) or regarded as such; (Lth, T;) or because it has the quality of a proper name and the measure of a verb : (Msb :) the pl. is بَنَاتُ آوَى, (T, S, Msb, K,) though applying to males [as well as females], like بَنَاتُ أَعْوَجَ and بَنَاتُ لَبُون. (AHeyth, T.) آوِىٌ and أَوَوِىٌّ, said to be rel. ns. of آيَةٌ; which see, in, art. اى.

آيَةٌ, said by some to be originally أَوَيَةٌ:see art. ا ى.

مَأْوًى (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ مَأْوٍ and ↓ مَأْوَاهٌ (M, K [but respecting these two forms see what follows]) nouns of place from the first of the verbs in this art.; (M, K;) [A place to which one betakes himself, or repairs, for lodging, covert, or refuge; a refuge; an asylum; a place of resort; (see 1;)] any place to which a thing betakes itself, &c., (يَأْوِى إِلَيْهِ,) by night or. by day; (S;) the lodging-place, or abode, of any animal; the nightly resting-place of sheep or goats; (Msb;) and of camels: (Idem in art. روح:) ↓ مَأْوٍ is used peculiarly in relation to camels: (S;) مَأْوِى الإِبِلِ being a dial. var. of مَأْوَى الإِبِلِ, but anomalous, (Fr, T, S, Msb,) and the only instance of the kind except مَأْقِى العَيْنِ: (Fr, T, M: [but see art. مأق:]) مَأْوَى and مُؤْق and مَأْق are the forms preferred: (Fr, T:) [Az also says,] I have heard the chaste in speech of the Benoo-Kiláb use, for مَأْوَى الإِبِلِ, the word ↓ مَأْوَاة. (T.) جَنَّةُ المَأْوَى, in the Kur [liii. 15], is said to mean The paradise to which repair the souls of the martyrs, (M, Bd, Jel, TA,) or the pious, (Bd, Jel,) or the angels: (Jel:) or that in which the night is passed. (TA.) مَأْوٍ: see مَأْوًى, in four places.

مَأْوَاةٌ: see مَأْوًى, in four places.

مَاوِيَّةٌ: see art. موه.

مُتَأَوِّيَةٌ: see آوٍ.

تِنِّيسُ:
بكسرتين وتشديد النون، وياء ساكنة، والسين مهملة: جزيرة في بحر مصر قريبة من البر ما بين الفرما ودمياط، والفرما في شرقيّها قال المنجمون: طولها أربع وخمسون درجة، وعرضها إحدى وثلاثون درجة وثلث في الإقليم الثالث قال الحسين بن محمد المهلّبي: أما تنيس فالحال فيها كالحال في دمياط إلا أنها أجل وأوسط، وبها تعمل الثياب الملونة والفرش البوقلمون، وبحيرتها التي هي عليها مقدار إقلاع يوم في عرض نصف يوم، ويكون ماؤها أكثر السنة ملحا لدخول ماء بحر الروم إليه عند هبوب ريح الشمال، فإذا انصرف نيل مصر في دخول الشتاء وكثر هبوب الريح الغربية حلت البحيرة وحلا سيف البحر الملح مقدار بريدين حتى يجاوز مدينه الفرما، فحينئذ يخزنون الماء في جباب لهم ويعدونه لسنتهم ومن حذق نواتيّ البحر في هذه البحيرة أنهم يقلعون بريح واحدة، يديرون القلوع بها حتى يذهبوا في جهتين مختلفتين فيلقى المركب المركب مختلف السير في مثل لحظ الطرف بريح واحدة قال:
وليس بتنيس هو امّ مؤذية لأن أرضها سبخة شديدة الملوحة. وقرأت في بعض التواريخ في أخبار تنّيس: قيل فيه إن سور تنيس ابتدئ ببنيانه في شهر ربيع الأول سنة 230، وكان والي مصر يومئذ عيسى بن منصور بن عيسى الخراساني المعروف بالرافعي من قبل ايتاخ التركي في أيام الواثق ابن المعتصم، وفرغ منه في سنة 239 في ولاية عنبسة ابن إسحاق بن شمر الضبي الهروي في أيام المتوكل، كان بينهما عدة من لولاة في هذه المدة، بطالع الحوت اثنتا عشرة درجة في أول جد الزهرة وشرفها وهو الحد الأصغر، وصاحب الطالع المشتري وهو في بيته وطبيعته، وهو السعد الأعظم في أول الإقليم الرابع الأوسط الشريف، وإنه لم يملكها من لسانه أعجمي لأن الزهرة دليلة العرب، وبها مع المشتري قامت شريعة الإسلام، فاقتضى حكم طالعها أن لا تخرج من حكم اللسان العربي. وحكي عن يوسف بن صبيح أنه رأى بها خمسمائة صاحب محبرة يكتبون الحديث، وأنه دعاهم سرّا إلى بعض جزائرها وعمل لهم طعاما يكفيهم، فتسامع به الناس فجاءه من العالم ما لا يحصى كثرة، وإن ذلك الطعام كفى الجماعة كلهم وفضل منه حتى فرّقه بركة من الله الكريم حلت فيه بفضائل الحديث الشريف.
وقيل إن الأوزاعي رأى بشر بن مالك يلتبط في المعيشة فقال: أراك تطلب الرزق، الا أدلك على أمّ متعيّش قال: وما أمّ متعيّش؟ قال: تنيس ما لزمها أقطع اليدين إلا ربّته، قال بشر: فلزمتها فكسبت فيها أربعة آلاف، وقيل: إن المسيح، عليه السلام، عبر بها في سياحته فرأى أرضا سبخة مالحة قفرة والماء الملح محيط بها، فدعا لأهلها بإدرار الرزق عليهم.
قال: وسمّيت تنّيس باسم تنيس بنت دلوكة الملكة، وهي العجوز صاحبة حائط العجوز بمصر، فإنها أول من بنى بتنيس وسمتها باسمها، وكانت ذات حدائق وبساتين، وأجرت النيل إليها، ولم يكن هناك بحر، فلما ملك دركون بن ملوطس وزمطرة من أولاد العجوز دلوكة فخافا من الروم، فشقّا من بحر الظلمات خليجا يكون حاجزا بين مصر والروم فامتدّ وطغى وأخرب كثيرا من البلاد العامرة والأقاليم المشهورة، فكان فيما أتى عليها أحنّة تنّيس وبساتينها وقراها ومزارعها ولما فتحت مصر في سنة عشرين من الهجرة كانت تنيس حينئذ خصاصا من قصب، وكان بها الروم، وقاتلوا أصحاب عمرو، وقتل بها جماعة من المسلمين، وقبورهم معروفة بقبور الشهداء عند الرمل فوق مسجد غازي وجانب الأكوام، وكانت الوقعة عند قبّة أبي جعفر بن زيد، وهي الآن تعرف بقبّة الفتح، وكانت تنيس تعرف بذات الأخصاص إلى صدر من أيام بني أميّة، ثم إن أهلها بنوا قصورا ولم تزل كذلك إلى صدر من أيام بني العباس، فبني سورها كما ذكرنا، ودخلها أحمد ابن طولون في سنة 269، فبنى بها عدّة صهاريج وحوانيت في السوق كثيرة، وتعرف بصهاريج الأمير.
وأما صفتها فهي جزيرة في وسط بحيرة مفردة عن البحر الأعظم يحيط بهذه البحيرة البحر من كل جهة، وبينها وبين البحر الأعظم برّ آخر مستطيل، وهي جزيرة بين البحرين، وأول هذا البر قرب الفرما والطينة، وهناك فوهة يدخل منها ماء البحر الأعظم إلى بحيرة تنيس في موضع يقال له القرباج، فيه مراكب تعبر من برّ الفرما إلى البر المستطيل الذي ذكرنا أنه يحول بين البحر الأعظم وبحيرة تنيس، يسار في ذلك البر نحو ثلاثة أيام إلى قرب دمياط، وهناك أيضا فوهة أخرى تأخذ من البحر الأعظم إلى بحيرة تنيس، وبالقرب من ذلك فوهة النيل الذي يلقي إلى بحيرة تنيس، فإذا تكاملت زيادة النيل غلبت حلاوته على ماء البحر فصارت البحيرة حلوة، فحينئذ يدخر أهل تنيس المياه في صهاريجهم ومصانعهم لسنتهم، وكان لأهل الفرما قنوات تحت الأرض تسوق إليهم الماء إذا حلت البحيرة، وهي ظاهرة الى الأرض، وصورتها في الصفحة المقابلة.
قال صاحب تاريخ تنيس: ولتنيس موسم يكون فيه من أنواع الطيور ما لا يكون في موضع آخر، وهي مائة ونيف وثلاثون صنفا، وهي: السلوى، القبج المملوح، النصطفير، الزرزور، الباز الرومي، الصفري، الدبسي، البلبل، السقاء، القمري، الفاختة، النواح، الزّريق، النوبي، الزاغ، الهدهد، الحسيني، الجرادي، الأبلق، الراهب، الخشّاف، البزين، السلسلة، درداري، الشماص، البصبص، الأخضر، الأبهق، الأزرق، الخضير، أبو الحناء، أبو كلب، أبو دينار، وارية الليل، وارية النهار، برقع أم علي، برقع أم حبيب، الدوري، الزنجي،
الشامي، شقراق، صدر النحاس، البلسطين، الستة الخضراء، الستة السوداء، الأطروش، الخرطوم، ديك الكرم، الضريس، الرقشة الحمراء، الرقشة الزرقاء، الكسر جوز، الكسر لوز، السمانى، ابن المرعة، اليونسة، الوروار، الصردة، الحصية الحمراء، القبرة، المطوق، السقسق، السلار، المرع، السكسكة، الارجوجة، الخوخة، فردقفص، الاورث، السلونية، السهكة، البيضاء، اللبس، العروس، الوطواط، العصفور، الروب، اللفات، الجرين، القليلة، العسر، الأحمر، الأزرق، البشرير، البون، البرك، البرمسي، الحصاري، الزجاجي، البج، الحمر، الرومي، الملاعقي، البط الصيني، الغرناق، الأقرح، البلوى، السطرف، البشروش، وز الفرط، أبو قلمون، أبو قير، أبو منجل، البجع، الكركي، الغطاس، البلجوب، البطميس، البجوبة، الرقادة، الكروان البحري، الكروان الحرحي، القرلّى، الخروطة، الحلف، الارميل، القلقوس، اللدد، العقعق، البوم، الورشان، القطا، الدّرّاج، الحجل، البازي، الصردي، الصقر، الهام، الغراب، الأبهق، الباشق، الشاهين، العقاب، الحداء، الرخمة، وقيل: إن البجع من طيور جيحون وما سوى هذا الجنس من طيور نهر جيحون وما سوى ذلك من طيور نهري العراق: دجلة والفرات، وإن البصبص يركب ظهر ما اتفق له من هذه الطيور، ويصل إلى تنيس طير كثير لا يعرف اسمه صغار وكبار، ويعرف بها من السمك تسعة وسبعون صنفا، وهي: البوري، البلمو، البرو، اللبب، البلس، السكس، الاران، الشموس، النسا، الطوبان، البقسمار، الأحناس، الأنكليس، المعينة، البنّي، الإبليل، الفريص، الدونيس، المرتنوس، الاسقملوس، النفط، الخبار، البلطي، الحجف، القلارية، الرخف، العير، التون، اللت، القجاج، القروص، الكليس، الأكلس، الفراخ، القرقاج، الزلنج، اللاج، الأكلت، الماضي، الجلاء، السلاء، البرقش، البلك، المسط، القفا، السور، حوت الحجر، البشين، الشربوت، البساس، الرعاد، المخيرة،
اللبس، السطور، الراي، الليف، اللبيس، الابرميس، الاتونس، اللباء، العميان، المناقير، القلميدس، الحلبوة، الرقاص، القريدس، الجبر، هو كباره، الصيح، المجزّع، الدّلّينس، الأشبال، المساك الأبيض، الزقزوق، أم عبيد، السلور، أم الأسنان، الأبسارية، اللجاة.
وينسب إليها خلق كثير من أهل العلم، منهم:
محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن أحمد أبو بكر التنيسي المعروف بالنقّاش، قال أبو القاسم الدمشقي: سمع بدمشق محمد بن حريم ومحمد بن عتاب الزّفتي وأحمد بن عمير بن جوصا وحمامة بن محمد وسعيد ابن عبد العزيز والسلّام بن معاذ التميمي ومحمد بن عبد الله مكحولا البيروتي وأبا عبد الرحمن السناني وأبا القاسم البغوي وزكرياء بن يحيى الساجي وأبا بكر الباغندي وأبا يعلى الموصلي وغيرهم، روى عنه الدارقطني وغيره، ومات سنة 369 في شعبان، ومولده في رمضان سنة 282 وأبو زكرياء يحيى بن أبي حسان التنيسي الشامي، أصله من دمشق سكن تنيس، يروي عن الليث بن سعد وعبد الله بن الحسن بن طلحة ابن إبراهيم بن محمد بن يحيى بن كامل أبو محمد البصري المعروف بابن النحاس من أهل تنيس قدم دمشق ومعه ابناه محمد وطلحة، وسمع الكثير من أبي بكر الخطيب، وكتب تصانيفه، وعبد العزيز الكناني وأبي الحسن بن أبي الحديد وغيرهم، ثم حدث بها وببيت المقدس عن جماعة كثيرة، فروى عنه الفقيه المقدسي وأبو محمد بن الأكفاني ووثّقه وغيرهما، وكان مولده في سادس ذي القعدة سنة 404، ومات بتنيس سنة 461 وقيل 462.