حجر

حَجَرَ, aor. ـُ (ISd, TA,) inf. n. حَجْرٌ (ISd, Mgh, K) and حُجْرٌ and حِجْرٌ and حُجْرَانٌ and حِجْرَانٌ, (ISd, K) He prevented, hindered, withheld, restrained, debarred, inhibited, forbade, prohibited, or interdicted, (ISd, Mgh, K,) عَلَيْهِ from him, or it: (ISd, TA:) [or عليه is here a mistranscription for عَنْهُ: for] you say, لَا حَجْرَ عَنْهُ, meaning There is no prevention, &c., from him, or it: (TA:) and حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَجْرٌ, (S, A, * Msb,) He (a Kádee, or judge, S, A) prohibited him (a young or a lightwitted person, TA) from using, or disposing of, his property according to his own free will: (S, A, Msb, TA:) or حَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ فِى مَالِهِ he (a Kádee) prevented, or prohibited, him from consuming, or wasting, or ruining, his property. (Mgh.) b2: See also 5: b3: and 8.2 حجّرهُ: see 5. b2: حجّر حَوْلَ أَرْضِهِ [He made a bound, or an enclosure, around his land]. (A. [Perhaps from what next follows; or the reverse may be the case.]) b3: حجّر عَيْنَ الَعِيرِ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَحْجِيرٌ, (S, L,) He burned a mark round the eye of the camel with a circular cauterizing instrument: (S, L, Msb:) and حجّر عَيْنَ الدَّابَّةِ, and حَوْلَهَا, [i. e. حَوْلَ عَيْنِهَا, like as is said in the A,] he burned a mark round the eye of the beast. (L.) A2: حَجَّرَ البَعِيرُ The camel had a mark burned round each of his eyes with a circular cauterizing instrument. (K. [Perhaps this may be a mistake for حُجِّرَ البَعِيرُ: or for حَجَّرَ البَعِيرَ, meaning he burned a mark round each of the eyes of the camel &c.: but see what follows.]) b2: حجّر القَمَرُ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The moon became surrounded by a thin line, which did not become thick: (S, K:) and (S [in the K “ or ”]) became surrounded by a halo in the clouds. (S K,) 5 تحجّر عَلَيْهِ He straitened him, (K, TA,) and made [a thing] unlawful to him, or not allowable. (TA.) And تحجّر مَا وَسَّعَهُ اللّٰهُ He made strait to himself what God made ample. (A.) And تَحَجَّرْتَ عَلَىَّ مَا وَسَّعَهُ اللّٰهُ Thou hast made strait and unlawful to me what God has made ample. (Mgh.) And تحّجر وَاسِعًا He made strait what was ample: (Msb:) or he made strait what God made ample, and made it to be peculiar to himself, exclusively of others; as also ↓ حَجَرَهُ and ↓ حجّرهُ. (TA.) A2: See also 8: A3: and 10. b2: [Hence, perhaps,] تحجّر لِلْبُرْءِ It (a wound) closed up, and consolidated, to heal. (TA from a trad.) 8 احتجر, (TA,) or احتجرحَجْرَةً, (S, Msb,) and ↓ استحجر and ↓ تحجّر, (K,) He made for himself a حُجْرَة [i. e. an enclosure for camels] (S, Msb, K.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) احتجر الأَرْضَ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ حَجَرَهَا, (TA,) He placed a land-mark to the land, (Mgh, Msb, K,) to confine it, (Mgh, Msb,) and to prevent others from encroaching upon it. (Mgh, TA.) b3: احتجر بِهِ He sought protection by him, (A, * K,) as, for instance, by God, مِنَ اشَّيْطَانِ from the devil. (A.) A2: احتجر اللَّوْحَ He put the tablet in his حِجْر [or bosom]. (K.) 10 استحجر: see 8.

A2: Also It (clay) became stone: (TA:) or became hard; as when it is made into baked bricks: (Mgh:) or became hard like stone: (A, Msb;) as also ↓ تحجّر. (A.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He became emboldened or encouraged, or he emboldened or encouraged himself, (K TA,) عَلَيْهِ against him. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 حَنْجَرَهُ He slaughtered him by cutting his throat [in the part called the حنْجَرَة]. (K in art. حنجر.) حَجْرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in three places.

A2: Also, and ↓ حِجْرٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K TA,) [the latter of which I have found to be the more common in the present day,] and ↓ حُجْرٌ, (K, [but this I have not found in any other lexicon, and the TA, by implication, disallows it,]) The حِضْن; (Mgh, Msb, K;) [i. e. the bosom; or breast; agreeably with explanations of حِضْن in the K: or] the part beneath the armpit, extending to the flank; (Mgh, Msb;) [agreeably with other explanations of حِضْن;] of a man or woman: (S A, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. حُجُورٌ. (S, Msb.) Hence the saying, (Mgh,) فُلَانٌ فِى حَجْرِ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is in the protection of such a one; (Az, T, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ فى حَجْرَتِهِ. (TA.) And نَشَأَ ↓ فِى حِجْرِهِ and حَجْرِهِ (assumed tropical:) He grew up in his care and protection. (K.) b2: Also ↓ حِجْرٌ (T, K) and حَجْرٌ (T, TA) [The bosom as meaning] the fore part of the garment; or the part, thereof, between one's arms. (T, K.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ: b4: and مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ.

A3: Also An extended gibbous tract of sand. (K.) حُجْرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in three places:

A2: and حَجْرٌ: b2: and مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ.

حِجْرٌ (S A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حُجْرٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ حَجْرٌ, (S, K,) of which the first is the most chaste, (S,) and ↓ مَحْجَرٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَاجُورٌ (K) [and ↓ مَحْجُورٌ], Forbidden, prohibited, unlawful, inviolable, or sacred. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) Each of the first three forms occurs in different readings of the Kur vi. 139. (S.) You say, هٰذَا حِجْرٌ عَلَيْكَ This is forbidden, or unlawful, to thee. (A.) In the time of paganism, a man meeting another whom he feared, in a sacred month, used to say, ↓ حِجْرًا مَحْجُورًا, meaning It is rigorously forbidden to thee [to commit an act of hostility against me] in this month: and the latter, thereupon, would abstain from any aggression against him: and so, on the day of resurrection, the polytheists, when they see the punishment, will say to the angels, thinking that it will profit them: (Lth, S: *) but Az says that I' Ab and his companions explain these words [occurring in the Kur xxv. 24] otherwise, i. e., as said by the angels, and meaning, the joyful annunciation is forbidden to be made to you: and accord. to El-Hasan, the former word will be said by the sinners, and the latter is said by God, meaning it will be forbidden to them to be granted refuge or protection as they used to be in their former life in the world: but Az adds, it is more proper to regard the two words as composing one saying: (TA:) and the latter word is a corroborative of the former, like مَائِتٌ in the expression مَوْتٌ مَائِتٌ. (Bd.) The same words in the Kur xxv. 55 signify A strong mutual repugnance, or incongruity; as though each said what one says who seeks refuge or protection from another: or, as some say, a defined limit. (Bd.) A man says to another, “Dost thou so and so, O such a one?” and the latter replies حِجْرًا, or ↓ حُجْرًا, or ↓ حَجْرًا, meaning [I pray for] preservation, and acquitment, from this thing; a meaning reducible to that of prohibition, and of a thing that is prohibited. (Sb.) The Arabs say, on the occasion of a thing that they disapprove, لَهُ ↓ حُجْرًا, with damm, meaning, May it be averted. (S.) b2: Homeyd Ibn-Thowr says, فَهَمَمْتُ أَنْ أَغْشَى إِلَيْهَا مَحْجَرًا وَلَمِثْلُهَا يُغْشَى إِلَيْهِ المَحْجَرُ meaning, And I purposed doing to her a forbidden action: and verily the like of her is one to whom that which is forbidden is done. (S, K.) ↓ مَحْجَرٌ is also explained as signifying حُرْمَةٌ; [app. meaning a thing from which one is bound to refrain, from a motive of respect or reverence;] and to have this meaning in the verse above. (Az.) b3: Also, the first of these words, Any حَائِط [i. e. garden, or walled garden of palm-trees,] which one prohibits [to the public]. (S.) b4: and الحِجْرُ That [space] which is comprised by [the curved wall called] the حَطِيم, (S, A, Mgh, K,) which encompasses the Kaabeh on the north [or rather north-west] side; (S, A, K;) on the side of the spout: (Mgh:) or the حطيم [itself], which encompasses the Kaabeh on the side of the spout. (Msb.) [It is applied to both of these in the present day; but more commonly to the former.] b5: Also, حِجْرٌ, The anterior pudendum of a man and of a woman; and so ↓ حَجْرٌ: (K, TA:) the latter the more chaste. (TA.) b6: A mare; the female of the horse: (S, A, Msb, K:) and a mare kept for breeding; (A;) as though her womb were forbidden to all but generous horses: (T:) but in the latter sense the sing. is scarcely ever used; though its pl., the first of the following forms, (as well as the second, A,) is used to signify mares kept for breeding: (K:) ↓ حِجْرَةٌ, as a sing., is said by F and others to be a barbarism: it occurs in a trad.; but perhaps the ة is there added to assimilate it to بَغْلَةٌ, with which it is there coupled: (MF:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَحْجَارٌ (Msb, K) and [of mult.] حُجُورٌ (A, Msb, K) and حُجُورَةٌ. (K.) A poet says, إِذَا خَرِسَ الفَحْلُ وَسْطَ الحُجُورِ وَصَاحَ الكِلَابُ وَعَقَّ الوَلَدْ When the stallion, seeing the army and the gleaming swords, is mute in the midst of the mares kept for breeding, and does not look towards them, and the dogs bark at their masters, because of the change of their appearances, and children behave undutifully to their mothers whom fear diverts from attending to them. (A.) b7: Relationship [that prohibits marriage]; nearness with respect to kindred. (Msb, K.) b8: Understanding, intelligence, intellect, mind, or reason: (S, A, Msb, K:) so in the Kur lxxxix. 4: (S, Bd:) thus called because it forbids that which it does not behoove one to do. (Bd.) One says, فِى ذٰلِكَ عِبْرَةٌ لِذِي حِجْرٍ In that is an admonition to him who possesses understanding, &c. (A.) A2: See also حَجُرٌ, in three places.

حَجَرٌ [A stone; explained in the K by صَخْرَةٌ; but this means “a rock,” or “a great mass of stone” or “of hard stone”]; (S, K, &c.;) so called because it resists, by reason of its hardness; (Mgh;) and ↓ أُحْجُرٌّ signifies the same: (Fr, K:) pl. (of pauc., of the former, S) أَحْجَارٌ (S, Mgh, K) and أَحْجُرٌ (K) and (of mult, S) حِجَارٌ and [more commonly] حِجَارَةٌ, (S, K,) which last is extr. [with respect to rule], (S,) or agreeable with a usage of the Arabs, which is, to add ة to any pl. of the measure فِعَالٌ or of that of فُعُولٌ, as in the instances of ذِكَارَةٌ and فِحَالَةٌ and ذُكُورَةٌ and فُحُولَةٌ. (AHeyth.) And (metonymically, TA) (tropical:) Sand: (IAar, K;) pl. أَحْجَارٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَهْلُ الحَجَرِ The people of the desert, who dwell in stony and sandy places: occurring in a trad., coupled with أَهْلُ المَدَرِ. (TA.) b3: الحَجَرُ الأَسْوَدُ, and simply الحَجَرُ, The [Black] Stone of the Kaabeh. (K, TA.) El-Farezdak applies to it, in one instance, the pl. الأَحْجَارُ, considering the sing. as applicable to every part of it. (TA.) b4: One says, فُلَانٌ حَجَرُ الأَرْضِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one is unequalled. (TA.) and رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ بِحَجَرِ الأَرْضِ (tropical:) Such a one has had a very sagacious and crafty and politic man made to be an assailant against him. (K, * TA.) El-Ahnaf Ibn-Keys said to 'Alee, when Mo'á-wiyeh named 'Amr Ibn-El-'Ás as one of the two umpires, قَدْ رُمِيتَ بِحَجَرِ الأَرْضِ فَاجْعَلْ مَعَهُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَعْقِدُ عُقْدَةً إِلَّا حَلَّهَا (assumed tropical:) Thou hast had a most exceedingly sagacious and crafty and politic man made to be an assailant against thee: so appoint thou with him Ibn-'Abbás; for he will not tie a knot but he shall untie it: meaning one that shall stand firm like a stone upon the ground. (L from a trad.) One says also, رُمىَ فُلَانٌ بِحَجَرِهِ, meaning (tropical:) Such a one was coupled [or opposed] with his like: (A:) [as though he had a stone suited to the purpose of knocking him down cast at him.] b5: لِلْعَاهِرِ الحَجَرُ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) For the fornicator, or adulterer, disappointment, and prohibition: accord. to some, it is meant to allude to stoning; [and it may have had this meaning in the first instance in which it was used;] but [in general] this is not the case; for every fornicator is not to be stoned. (IAth, TA.) [See also art. عهر.] b6: الحَجَرُ Gold: and silver. (K.) Both together are called الحَجَرَانِ. (S.) حَجِرٌ [Stony; abounding with stones]. Yousay أَرْضٌ حَجِرَةٌ [so in several copies of the K; in the CK حَجْرَةٌ;] Land abounding with stones; as also ↓ حَجِيرَةٌ and ↓ مُتَحَجِّرَةٌ. (K.) حُجُرٌ The flesh surrounding the nail. (K.) حَجْرَةٌ A severe year, that confines men to their tents, or houses, so that they slaughter their generous camels to eat them. (L in art. نبت, on a verse of Zuheyr.) A2: A side; an adjacent tract or quarter; (ISd, K;) as also ↓ حَجْرَةٌ: (EM p. 281:) pl. of the former ↓ حَجْرٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] and حَجَرَاتٌ (S, K) and ↓ حَوَاجِرُ: (K:) the last is mentioned by ISd as being thought by him to be a pl. of حَجْرَةٌ in the sense above explained, contr. to analogy. (TA.) Hence, حَجْرَةٌ قَوْمٍ The tract or quarter adjacent to the abode of a people. (S.) And حَجْرَتَا الطَّرِيقِ The two sides of the road. (TA.) And حَجْرَتَا عَسْكَرٍ The two sides of an army; (A, TA;) its right and left wings. (TA.) And قَعَدَ حَجْرَةً He sat aside. (A.) And سَارَ حَجْرَةً He journeyed aside, by himself. (TA.) And ↓ مَحْجَرًا is also said to signify the same, in the following ex.: تَرْعَى مَحْجَرًا وَتَبْرُكُ وَسَطًا She (the camel) pastures aside, and lies down in the middle. (TA.) It is said in a prov., يَرْبِضُ حَجْرَةً وَيَرْتَعِى وَسَطًا He lies down aside, and pastures in the middle: (S:) or فُلَانٌ يَرْعَى وَسَطًا وَيَرْبِضُ حَجْرَةً Such a one pastures in the middle, and lies down aside: (TA:) applied to a man who is in the midst of a people when they are in prosperity, and when they become in an evil state leaves them, and lies down apart: the prov. is ascribed to Gheylán Ibn-Mudar. (IB.) Imra-el--Keys says, [addressing Khálid, in whose neighbourhood he had alighted and sojourned, and who had demanded of him some horses and riding-camels to pursue and overtake a party that had carried off some camels belonging to him (Imra-el-Keys), on Khálid's having gone away, and returned without anything,] فَدَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ حَجَرَاتِهِ وَلٰكِنْ حَدِيثًا مَا حَديثُ الرَّوَاحِلِ [Then let thou alone spoil by the sides of which a shouting was raised: but relate to me a story. What is the story of the riding-camels?]: hence the prove., الحُكْمُ لِلّهِ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ فِى حَجَرَاتِهِ [Dominion belongeth to God: then let thou alone &c.]; said with reference to him who has lost part of his property and after that lost what is of greater value. (TA.) [And hence the saying,] قَدِ انْتَشَرَتْ حَجْرَتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His property has become large, or ample. (S.) b2: See also حَجْرٌ.

حُجْرَةٌ An enclosure (حَظِيرَةٌ) for camels. (S, K.) b2: [And hence,] The حُجْرَة of a house; (S;) [i. e.] a chamber [in an absolute sense, and so in the present day]; syn. بَيْتٌ: (Msb:) or an upper chamber; syn. غُرْفَةٌ: (K:) pl. حُجَرٌ and حُجُرَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and حُجَرَاتٌ and حُجْرَاتٌ. (Z, Msb, K.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ.

حِجْرَةٌ: see حِجْرٌ.

حُجْرِىٌّ and حِجْرِىٌّ A right, or due; a thing, or quality, to be regarded as sacred, or inviolable; (K;) a peculiar attribute. (TA.) أَرْضٌ حَجِيرَةٌ: see حَجِرٌ.

حَاجِرٌ The part of the brink (شَفَة) of a valley that retains the water, (S, K,) and surrounds it; (ISd;) as also ↓ حَاجُورٌ: pl. of the former حُجْرَانٌ. (S, K.) High land or ground, the middle of which is low, or depressed; (K;) as also ↓ مَحْجِرٌ: (TA:) and ↓ مَحَاجِرُ [pl. of the latter] low places in the ground, retaining water. (A.) A fertile piece of land, abounding with herbage, low, or depressed, and having elevated borders, upon which the water is retained. (AHn.) A place where water flows, or where herbs grow, surrounded by high ground, or by an elevated river. (T, TA.) A place where trees of the kind called رِمْث grow; where they are collected together; and a place which they surround: (M, K:) pl. as above. (K.) b2: A wall that retains water between houses: so called because encompassing. (TA.) حَاجُورٌ: see حِجْرٌ: b2: and حَاجِرٌ. b3: Also A refuge; a means of protection or defence: analogous with عَاثُورٌ, which signifies “a place of perdition:” whence, وَقَالَ قَائِلُهُمْ إِنَّى بِحَاجُورِ And their sayer said, Verily I lay hold on that which will protect me from thee and repel thee from me; مُتَمَسِّكٌ being understood. (TA.) حَوَاجِرُ: see حَجْرَةٌ.

حَنْجَرَةٌ and ↓ حُنْجُورٌ, (S, K,) each with an augmentative ن, (S, Msb,) [The head of the windpipe; consisting of a part, or the whole, of the larynx: but variously explained; as follows:] the windpipe; syn. حُلْقُومٌ: (S, K:) or the former [has this meaning, i. e.], the passage of the breath: (Mgh, Msb:) or the extremity of the حلقوم, at the entrance of the passage of the food and drink: (Bd in xxxiii. 10:) or [the head of the larynx, composed of the two arytenoides;] two of the successively-superimposed cartilages of the حلقوم (طَبَقَانِ مِنْ أَطْبَاقِ الحُلْقُومِ), next the غَلْصَمَة [or epiglottis], where it is pointed: or the inside, or cavity, of the حلقوم: and so ↓ حُنْجُورٌ: (TA in art. حنجر:) or ↓ the latter is syn. with حَلْقٌ [q. v.]: (Msb:) pl. حَنَاجِرُ. (K.) حُنْجُورٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places. b2: Also A small سَفَط [or receptacle for perfumes and the like]. (K.) b3: And A glass flask or bottle (قَارُورَة), (K, TA,) of a small size, (TA,) for ذَرِيرةَ [q. v.]. (K, TA.) أُحْجُرٌّ: see حَجَرٌ.

مَحْجِرٌ: see حِجْرٌ, in four places. b2: Also, (S,) or ↓ مَحْجِرٌ and ↓ مِحْجَرٌ, (K,) The tract surrounding a town or village: (S, K:) [pl. مَحَاجِرُ.] Hence the مَحَاجِر of the kings (أَقْيَال) of ElYemen, which were Places of pasturage, whereof each of them had one, in which no other person pastured his beasts: (S, K:) the محجر of a قَيْل of El-Yemen was his tract of land into which no other person than himself entered. (T.) b3: See also حَجْرَةٌ. b4: And see مَحْجرُ العَيْنِ.

مَحْجِرٌ (S, K) and ↓ مِحْجَرٌ (K) A garden surrounded by a wall; or a garden of trees; syn. حَدِيقَةٌ: (S, K:) or a low, or depressed, place of pasture: (T, TA:) or a place in which is much pasture, with water: (A, * TA:) pl. مَحَاجِرُ. (S, A.) See also حَاجِرٌ for the former word and its pl.: and see مَحْجَرٌ. b2: مَحْجِرُ العَيْنِ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ مَحْجَرُهَا (TA) and ↓ مِحْحَرُها (K) and simply المحجر (Msb, TA) and ↓ الحَجْرُ (K) and ↓ الحُجْرُ, which occurs in a verse of El-Akhtal, (IAar,) [The part which is next below, or around, the eye, and which appears when the rest of the face is veiled by the نِقَاب or the بُرْقُع:] that part [of the face, next below the eye,] which appears from out of the [kind of veil called] نِقَاب (T, S, A, Msb, K) of a woman (A, Msb, K) and of a man, from the lower eyelid; and sometimes from the upper: (Msb:) or the part that surrounds the eye (Msb, K) on all sides, (Msb,) and appears from out of the [kind of veil called] بُرْقُع: (Msb, K:) or the part of the bone beneath the eyelid, which encompasses the eye: (TA:) and محجر العين means also what appears from beneath the turban of a man when he has put it on: (K: [accord. to the TA, the turban itself; but this is a meaning evidently derived from a mistranscription in a copy of the K, namely, عِمَامَتُهُ for عِمَامَتِهِ:]) also محجرُالوَجْهِ that part of the face against which the نقاب lies: and المحجر the eye [itself]: (T, TA:) the pl. of محجر is مَحَاجِرُ. (A, Msb.) مِحْجَرٌ: see مَحْجَرٌ: b2: and see also مَحْجِرٌ, in two places.

مَحْجُورٌ عَلَيْهِ, for which the doctors of practical law say مَحْجُورٌ only, omitting the preposition and the pronoun governed by it, on account of the frequent usage of the term, A person prohibited [by a kádee] from using, or disposing of, his property according to his own free will: (Msb:) or prohibited from consuming, or wasting, or ruining, his property. (Mgh.) b2: See also حِجْرٌ, in two places.

أَرْضٌ مُتَحَجِّرَةٌ: see حَجِرٌ.

سور

1 سَارَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K,) inf. سُؤُورٌ, (S,) or سَوْرٌ, (M,) or both, (K,) or سَوْرَةٌ, (Mgh,) [but this last is an inf. n. of un.,] He leaped or sprang, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) إِلَيْهِ to, or towards, him, (S, M, K,) and عَلَيْهِ upon him. (A.) b2: He leaped, or sprang, [or committed an assault, upon another,] like as he does who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cup-companion in his intoxication. (TA. [See also 3.]) b3: [Hence,] سَارَ الشَّرَابُ فِى رَأْسِهِ, (S, M, A, K,) inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سُؤُورٌ (M, K) and سُوُورٌ, agreeably with the root, (M,) and سُوَارٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) [The wine assaulted, or rushed into, his head]: (A:) [or] the wine circulated in his head, and rose into it: (M, K:) or سَارَ الشَّرَابُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سَوْرَةٌ, the wine had an overpowering influence upon the head: (Msb:) and سَارَتْ فِيهِ حُمَيَّا الكَأْسِ the force or overpowering influence, (سَوْرَة,) [or fumes,] of the cup of wine mounted, or rose, to his head, or into his head. (TA in art. حمى.) b4: And سار, aor. as above, (assumed tropical:) He was angry. (Msb.) b5: سار, aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْرٌ, also signifies He (a man) rose, or became elevated. (M.) سُرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِى أَعَالِى السُّورِ means I rose to him [upon the upper, or uppermost, parts of the wall of the city or town &c.]. (TA.) b6: And one says to a man, سُرْسُرْ [Rise thou, rise thou, to eminence,] in enjoining aspiration to the means of acquiring eminence, or nobility: (IAar, K, * TA:) from سُرْتُ الحَائِطَ, meaning I ascended, or mounted, upon the wall. (TA.) b7: See also 5, in two places.

A2: سُورَبِهِ: see 2 in art. سير.2 سَوَّرَ [سوّر, inf. n. تَسْوِيرٌ, He walled a city or town &c. (See 2 in art. خفر.)] b2: See also 5.

A2: and سَوَّرْتُهُ, [inf. n. as above, (see an ex. voce دَهْقَنَ,)] I put upon him [or decked him with] the سِوَار [or bracelets; or I decked him with bracelets]. (S.) 3 مُسَاوَرَةٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, of two antagonists, each upon the other, or their assaulting, or assailing, each other, in mutual fight. (Har p. 329.) b2: And ساورهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُسَاوَرَةٌ and سِوَارٌ, (M, K,) He leaped, or sprang, upon him; he assaulted, or assailed, him; syn. وَاثَبَهُ. (S, M, K.) You say, الحَيَّةُ تُسَاوِرُ الرَّاكِبَ [The serpent springs upon, or assaults, the rider]. (A.) And it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِى الصَّلَاةِ, meaning And I was near to leaping upon him, or assaulting him, and fighting him, during prayer. (TA.) [See also 1.] You say also, سَاوَرَتْنِى الهُمُومُ (tropical:) [Anxieties assaulted, or assailed, me]. (A.) b3: Also i. q. أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِهِ [which, as it is mentioned immediately after سَوَّارٌ in the last of the senses assigned to that word below, is app. said of speech, or language, meaning (assumed tropical:) It had an overpowering influence upon his head]. (M, K.) 5 تسوّرهُ He ascended, or mounted, upon it; (namely, a wall;) as also ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ: (TA:) he climbed, ascended, or scaled, it, (namely, a wall,) like a thief; (IAar, S, * M, A, * K, * TA;) as also تسوّر عَلَيْهِ; (M;) and ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. as above: (K:) and he climbed, or ascended, and took, it; as also تسوّر عليه, and ↓ سوّرهُ: (TA: [this last from a trad., in which, however, the verb is, in my opinion, probably mistranscribed:]) he climbed, or ascended, its سُور [or wall]. (Bd in xxxviii. 20.) A2: And تسوّر He put on himself [or decked himself with] the سِوَار [or bracelet; or he decked himself with bracelets]. (S.) 6 تَساوُرٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, one with [or upon] another. (KL. [See also 3.]) b2: And تَسَاوَرْتُ لَهَا means رَفَعْتُ لَهَا شَخْصِى [I raised, or elevated, my person to her, or it, or them; or stretched myself up &c.; like تَطَاوَلْتُ]. (TA.) 8 اِسْتَارَ: see اِسْتَرَى in art. سرو, from which it is formed by transposition.

سُورٌ The wall of a city [or town &c.]: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) [properly] masc.; but Ibn-Jurmooz, in a verse, makes it fem., because it is a part of the مَدِينَة: (M:) pl. أَسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سِيرَانٌ. (S, K.) b2: And The upper, or uppermost, part of the head; occurring in a trad., as some relate it; or, accord. to others, it is ↓ سُورَة; or شُؤُون, which is said by some of the later authors to be the reading commonly known. (TA.) A2: See also سُورَةٌ, in three places.

A3: And see سِوَارٌ.

A4: Also An entertainment of a guest or guests; (K;) a repast to which people are invited: (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA:) a Pers\. word, honoured by the Prophet; (K;) i. e. by his saying to his companions, as is related in a trad., قُومُوا فَقَدْ صَنَعَ جَابِرٌ سُورًا [Arise ye, for Jábir has made an entertainment, or a repast]. Abu-l-'Abbás, TA.) A5: [It is also the name of A species of fig, called by Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. cxxiv. and 180,) ficus sur, (not “ mimosa sur,” as in Freytag's Lex.,) observed by him at Jubleh, in El-Yemen.]

سَوْرَةٌ A leap, or spring. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The assault of wine upon the head; or its rush into the head: and in like manner, the assault, or rush, of venom, such as that of the scorpion: (S:) or the force, or strength, of wine &c.; (M, K, Msb, and MF voce حَدٌّ;) as also ↓ سُوَارٌ; (M, K;) and in like manner, of hunger: (Msb:) the overpowering influence of wine upon the head: (Msb:) or ↓ سُوَارٌ signifies the creeping of wine in the head: and سَوْرَةٌ is said to signify the assault, or force, or intoxicating operation, or overpowering influence upon the head, (حُمَيَّا,) produced by the creeping of wine, in, or through, the drinker: and in like manner, فَرَحٍ ↓ سُوَارُ means (assumed tropical:) a motion of joy like the creeping of wine in the head. (TA.) b3: [(assumed tropical:) A paroxysm of fever. b4: (assumed tropical:) An ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness, of anger; as when] one says إِنَّ لِغَضَبِهِ لَسَوْرَةً (assumed tropical:) [Verily his anger has an ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness]: (S:) [(tropical:) an outburst, or outbreak, of anger: and] (assumed tropical:) anger itself: [or (assumed tropical:) a fit of anger, or irritation:] pl. سَوْرَاتٌ. (Msb.) b5: [(assumed tropical:) The flush, or impetuosity, of youth: see حُمَيَّا.] b6: Impetuousness in war. (A.) [It is said in the TA that فُلَانٌ ذُوسَوْرَةٍ فِى الحَرْبِ meansذُو نَظَرٍ شَدِيدٍ, i. e. Such a one has strong inspection in war: but I think that نَظَرٍ is here a mistranscription for سَطْوٍ, i. e. impetuousness.] b7: Violence, force, or oppression, and tyranny, of a Sultán: (S, K:) and might, or valour, (Msb, TA,) of a Sultán. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) Vehemence, or intenseness, of cold: (K:) or vehement, or intense, cold. (M.) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ السَّوْرَةُ (assumed tropical:) Intense cold seized him. (TA.) b9: See also سُورَةٌ.

سُورَةٌ (tropical:) Eminence, or nobility: (S, A, K:) rank or station: (S, M, A, K:) or high, or exalted, rank or station: (Ibn-Es-Seed:) excellence: (A:) pl. سُوَرٌ and ↓ سُورٌ: [the latter of which is an anomalous pl.; or a coll. gen. n. of which سُورَةٌ is the n. of un., as in another sense mentioned below:] (M:) and سُورَةٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَوْرَةٌ, (K,) a mark, or sign, of glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; and height thereof. (M, K.) You say, لَهُ سُورَةٌ فِى المَجْدِ (tropical:) He has eminence in glory. (A.) And لَهُ سُورَةٌ عَلَيْكَ (tropical:) He has superiority, and rank or station, over, or above, thee; he is of higher rank or dignity than thou. (A.) and سُوَرُ الإِبِلِ, (M,) [in the A سُوَرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ,] or ↓ سُوْرُ الإِبِلِ, (K,) means (assumed tropical:) The excellent ones of camels: (M, K:) sing. سُورَةٌ, which, accord. to some, signifies hardy and strong. (M.) b2: سُورَةٌ also signifies What is goodly and tall, of structures. (M, K.) b3: And The extremity (حَدّ) of anything. (IAar, TA.) b4: See also سُورٌ. b5: Also A row of stones or bricks of a wall: (L, K: in the L, عَرَقٌ مِنْ أَعْرَاقِ الحَائِطِ: in the K, عَرَقٌ من عُرُوقِ الحائط, or, as in the CK, عِرْقٌ الخ:) any degree (مَنْزِلَة) of a structure: (S:) pl. ↓ سُورٌ, (S, K,) [or this is a coll. gen. n.,] like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ, (S,) and سُوَرٌ. (K.) b6: Hence its application in relation to the Kur-án, [to signify A chapter thereof,] because each of what are thus called forms one degree, or step, (S, M, * K,) distinct from another, (S, K,) or [leading] to another: (M:) or from the same word signifying “ eminence: ” (IAar:) or as being likened to the wall of a city: (B:) some pronounce it with hemz; (see art. سأر;) but it is more common without: (TA:) pl. سُوَرٌ, (S, Msb,) and سُورَاتٌ and سُوَرَاتٌ are also allowable. (S.) b7: A sign, or token. (IAar, M, K.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا سُورَةٌ Between them two is a sign, or token. (IAar, M.) سُوَارٌ: see سَوْرَةٌ, in three places: A2: and see what here follows.

سِوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ سُوَارٌ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ إِسْوَارٌ (S, MF, and others) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (M, K) A woman's bracelet, (S, * M, Msb, * K,) syn. قُلْبٌ, (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, قَلْب,]) of silver or of gold; (Zj;) [and a man's bracelet also: see 2 and 5, and see also مُسَوَّرٌ:] all arabicized, from the Pers\. دستوار [دَسْتْوَارْ or دَسْتَوَارْ or دَسْتُوَارْ]: (B, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] of سِوَارٌ, (S, M, Msb,) and of سُوَارٌ, (M,) أَسْوِرَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and (pl. pl., M) أَسَاوِرُ, (S, M, K,) accord. to Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà pl. of إِسْوَارٌ, (S,) and أَسَاوِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) also pl. of إِسْوَارٌ or أُسْوَارٌ, (M, TA,) or of أَسْوَرَةٌ, or perhaps of أَسَاوِرُ; (S;) and (pl. of mult., M) ↓ سُورٌ, (M, Msb, K,) originally سُوُرٌ, like كُتُبٌ pl. of كِتَابٌ, (Msb,) and سُؤُورٌ, (K, [in a copy of the M سُوُرٌ,]) said by Sb to be used by poetic license. (M, TA.) سَوَّارٌ is an epithet applied to a dog [as meaning Wont to spring or leap or assault]. (A.) b2: and it signifies The lion; (TS, K;) because of his leaping, or springing; (TA;) as also ↓ مُسَاوِرٌ. (TS, TA.) b3: Also One who is wont to leap or spring upon another, or to assault him; (S;) who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cupcompanion in his intoxication; (S, A, Mgh;) who assaults [or insults] his cup-companion when he drinks. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) One into whose head wine quickly rises: (M, K:) as though it were he himself that rose. (M.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Speech, or language, that has an overpowering influence upon the head (الَّذِى يَأْخُذُ بِالرَّأْسِ). (M, K.) سُوَّارَى Height: so expl. by Th as used in the saying, كَمَا تُحِبُّ فرَخَهَا الحُبَارَى أُحِبُّهُ جُبًّا لَهُ سُوَّارَى

[I love him with a love that has height (i. e. rising to a high degree), like as the bustard loves her young one]: meaning that the bustard is stupid, and, when she loves her young one, is excessive in stupidity. (M.) أُسْوَارٌ: see the next paragraph: A2: and see also سِوَارٌ.

إِسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (S, M, K) The leader of the Persians; (M, A, Msb, K;) like the أَمِير among the Arabs: (Msb:) or their greatest king: arabicized [from the Pers\. سُوَارْ]: (TA: [but said in the A to be tropical:]) or a horseman of the Persians, (A 'Obeyd, S, TA,) who fights: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) or one who is firm on the back of his horse: (K:) or one who excels in sitting firmly on the back of his horse: (M:) or (so in the M, but in the A and K “ and ”) one who is skilful in shooting arrows: (M, A, K:) pl. أًَسَاوِرَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and أَسَاوِرُ; (M, K;) in the former of which the ة is to compensate for the ى of the original form, which is أَسَاوِيرُ. (S.) b2: See also الخَضَارِمَةُ.

A2: And see سِوَارٌ.

مِسْوَرٌ A leathern pillow, upon which one leans, or reclines; as also ↓ مِسْوَرَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. مَسَاوِرُ. (TA.) مِسْوَرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

مُسَوَّرٌ [Decked with a bracelet or bracelets. and hence,] (tropical:) Made a king [or chief]. (A, TA. [See دَهْقَنَ.]) b2: And The place of the bracelet; (M, K;) like as مُخَدَّمٌ signifies the “ place of the خَدَمَة. ” (M.) مُسَاوِرٌ: see سَوَّارٌ.

عقل

1 عَقڤلَ [The inf. n.] عَقْلٌ signifies The act of withholding, or restraining; syn. مَنْعٌ. (TA.) [This is app. the primary signification, or it may be from what next follows.] b2: عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) He bound the camel with the [rope called] عِقَال; (Mgh;) meaning he bound the camel's fore shank to his arm; (K;) i. e. he folded together the camel's fore shank and his arm and bound them both in the middle of the arm with the rope called عِقَال; (S, O, Msb;) and ↓ اعتقلهُ signifies the same; as also ↓ عقّلهُ; (K;) or you say, عَقَّلْتُ الإِبِلَ, from العِقَالُ, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, (O,) [i. e. I bound the camels in the manner expl. above,] this verb being with tesh-deed because of its application to a number of objects: (S, O:) and sometimes the hocks were bound with the عِقَال. (TA.) The she-camel, also, was bound with the عِقَال on the occasion of her being covered: b3: and hence العَقْلُ is metonymically used as meaning الجِمَاعُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The act of compressing a woman]. (TA.) b4: عَقَلْتُ القَتِيلَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) or المَقْتُولَ, (S, O,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, TA,) means I gave, or paid, the bloodwit to the heir, or next of kin, of the slain person: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) for the camels [that constituted the bloodwit] used to be bound with the عِقَال in the yard of the abode of the heir, or next of kin, of the slain person; and in consequence of frequency of usage, the phrase became employed to mean thus when the bloodwit was given in dirhems or deenárs. (As, S, O, Msb. * [See a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. عيف.]) And [hence] one says also, عَقَلْتُ عَنْهُ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) meaning I paid for him, (the slayer, Mgh,) i. e., in his stead, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, *) the bloodwit that was obligatory upon him, (S, Mgh, O, K, *) or what was obligatory upon him of the bloodwit. (Msb.) And عَقَلْتُ لَهُ دَمَ فُلَانٍ I relinquished in his favour retaliation of the blood of such a one for the bloodwit. (S, O, Msb, K. *) لَا تَعْقِلُ العَاقِلَةُ عَمْدًا وَلَا عَبْدًا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) in a trad. (S, O, Msb) of Esh-Shaabee, (O,) or a saying of Esh-Shaabee, (Mgh, * K,) not a trad., (K,) but the like occurs in a trad. related on the authority of I'Ab, (TA,) [meaning, accord. to an expl. of the verb when trans. without a particle, mentioned above, Those who are responsible for the payment of a bloodwit in certain cases shall not pay it for an intentional act of slaying or the like, nor for the slaying or the like of a slave,] applies, accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, to the case of a slave's committing a crime against a free person: (S, O, Msb, K: [and thus as expl. in the Mgh:]) but, (S, O, Msb, K,) accord. to Ibn-Abee-Leylà, (S, O, Msb,) it applies to the case of a free person's committing a crime against a slave; for if the meaning were as Aboo-Haneefeh says, the phrase would be لَا تَعْقِلُ العَاقِلَةُ عَنْ عَبْدٍ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and As pronounced this to be correct: (S, O, Msb: *) Akmal-ed-Deen, however, in the Exposition of the Hidáyeh, says that عَقَلْتُهُ is used in the sense of عَقَلْتُ عَنْهُ, and that the context of the trad. indicates this meaning, which MF also defends. (TA.) [See also the saying لَا أَعْقِلُ الكَلْبَ الهَرَّارَ in art. هر.] b5: عَقَلَهُ, inf. n. as above, also means He set him up [app. a man] on one of his legs; [app. from عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ;] as also عَكَلَهُ: and every عَقْل is a raising. (TA.) b6: Also, [agreeably with the explanation of the inf. n. in the first sentence of this art.,] and ↓ عقّلهُ, and ↓ تعقّلهُ, (TA, [see also the first paragraph of art. عجس,]) and ↓ اعتقلهُ, (Msb, TA,) He withheld him, or restrained him, (Msb, TA,) عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ from the object of his want. (TA.) b7: and [hence,] عَقَلَ الدَّوَآءُ بَطْنَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, K) and عَقُلَ, (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) The medicine bound, or confined, his belly [or bowels]; syn. أَمْسَكَهُ: (S, O, Msb, K:) accord. to some, particularly after looseness: and بَطْنَهُ ↓ اعتقل signifies the same. (TA.) And يَعْقِلُ الطَّبْعَ is said of a medicine [as meaning, in like manner, It binds the bowels; is astringent]. (TA in art. حمض; &c.) And عقل البَطْنُ [app. عُقِلَ] The belly [or bowels] became bound, or confined; syn. اِسْتَمْسَكَ. (TA.) b8: عَقَلَ عَلَى القَوْمِ, [aor. ـِ inf. n. عِقَالٌ, means He collected, or exacted, the poor-rates of the people, or party; [app. from عَقَلَ البَعِيرَ; as though he bound with the rope called عِقَال the camels that he collected;] on the authority of IKtt. (TA.) 'Omar, when he had deferred [collecting] the poor-rate in the year [of drought called] عَامُ الرَّمَادَةِ, sent Ibn-AbeeDhubáb, and said, اِعْقِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ عِقَالَيْنِ فَاقْسِمْ فِيهِمْ عِقَالًا وَاءْتِنِى بِالآخَرِ [Collect thou from them two years' poor-rate; then divide among them one year's poor-rate, and bring to me the other]. (O.) One says of the collector of the poor-rate, يَعْقِلُ الصَّدَقَةَ [He collects, or exacts, the poor-rate]. (S, O.) b9: عَقَلَ فُلَانًا and ↓ اعتقلهُ signify He threw down such a one [in wrestling] by twisting his leg upon the latter's leg: (K, * TA:) [or] you say, الشَّغْزَبِيَّةَ ↓ صَارَعَهُ فَاعْتَقَلَهُ He wrestled with him and twisted his leg upon the leg of the latter: (S, O:) and one says of a wrestler, ↓ لِفُلَانٍ عُقْلَةٌ بِهَا النَّاسَ ↓ يَعْتَقِلُ, (S, O,) or يَعْقِلُ بِهَا النَّاسَ, i. e. [Such a one has] a [mode of] twisting his leg with another's [whereby he wrestles with men]. (TA.) b10: عَقَلَتْ شَعَرَهَا, (inf. n. عَقْلٌ, TA,) said of a woman, She combed her hair: (S, O:) or combed it in a certain manner; as also ↓ عَقَّلَتْهُ. (TA.) A2: عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ and ↓ مَعْقُولٌ, (S, O, K,) or the latter, accord. to Sb, is an epithet, [or a pass. part. n.,] for he used to say that no inf. n. has the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S, O,) He was, or became, عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.; and so ↓ تعقّل; as though he were withheld, or restrained, from doing that which is not suitable, or befitting: see عَقْلٌ below]: and ↓ عقّل, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, (TA,) signifies the same, (K,) or [he possessed much intelligence, for] it is with teshdeed to denote muchness: (TA:) and عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ is a dial. var. of عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ signifying he became عَاقِل. (IKtt, TA.) b2: And عَقَلَ الشَّىْءَ, (Msb, K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (Msb, TA,) He understood, or knew, the thing; syn. فَهِمَهُ: (K, TA:) or i. q. تَدَبَّرَهُ [app. as meaning he looked into, considered, examined, or studied, the thing repeatedly, until he knew it]; and عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ is a dial. var. thereof. (Msb.) See also 5. b3: مَا أَعْقِلُهُ عَنْكَ شَيْئًا, (S, and so in the K accord. to my copy of the TA, but in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K ↓ اَعْقَلَهُ,) meaning دَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ [Dismiss from thee doubt], is [said to be] mentioned by Sb; as though the speaker said, مَا أَعْلِمُ شَيْئًا مِمَّا تَقُولُ فَدَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ [I know not aught of what thou sayest, so dismiss from thee doubt]; and [to be] like the phrases خُذْ عَنْكَ and سِرْ عَنْكَ: Bekr El-Mázinee says, “I asked Az and As and Aboo-Málik and Akh respecting this phrase, and they all said, 'We know not what it is: ' ” (so in the S:) [but] it is a mistake, for مَا أَغْفَلَهُ; (K, TA;) and thus it is mentioned by Sb and others, with غ and ف. (TA.) نَخْلَةٌ لَا تَعْقِلُ الإِبَارَ (tropical:) A palm-tree that will not receive fecundation is a tropical phrase [perhaps from عَقَلَ meaning “ he understood ” a thing]. (A, TA.) b4: عَاقَلْتُهُ فَعَقْلْتُهُ: see 3. b5: عَقَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عُقُولٌ (S, O, K) and عَقْلٌ, (K,) He (a mountain-goat, S, O) became, or made himself, inaccessible in a high mountain: (S: in the O unexplained:) or he [a gazelle) ascended [a mountain]. (K.) Accord. to Az, العُقُولُ signifies The protecting oneself in a mountain. (TA.) and one says, عَقَلَ إِلَيْهِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ and عُقُولٌ, He betook himself to him, or it, for refuge, protection, covert, or lodging. (K.) b6: عَقَلَ الظِّلُّ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ (K) [and probably عُقُولٌ also], The shade declined, and contracted, or shrank, at midday; (S, O;) the sun became high, and the shade almost disappeared. (S, O, K.) A3: عَقَلَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, He pastured upon the plant called عَاقُول. (O, K.) A4: عَقِلَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. عَقَلٌ, (S, O, K,) He (a camel) had a twisting in the hind leg, (S, O, K,) and much width [between the hind legs]: (S, O:) or had an excessive wideness, or spreading, of the hind legs, so that the hocks knocked together: (ISk, S, O:) or had a knocking together of the knees. (K.) [See also رَوَحَ.]2 عَقَّلَ see 1, in four places.

A2: عقّلهُ, inf. n. تَعْقِيلٌ, also signifies He, or it, rendered him عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.]. (O, K.) A3: And عقّل said of a grape-vine, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) It put forth its عُقَّيْلَى, or grapes in their first, sour, state. (O, K.) 3 المَرْأَةُ تُعَاقِلُ الرَّجُلَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ دِيَتِهَا (S, Mgh, O, K) means The woman is on a par with the man to the third part of her bloodwit; (S, Mgh, O;) she receives like as the man receives [up to that point]: (Mgh:) i. e., [for instance,] his مُوضِحَة [or wound of the head for which the mulct is five camels] and her مُوضِحَة are equal; (K;) but when the portion reaches to the third of the bloodwit, her [portion of the] bloodwit is the half of that of the man: (S, O, K:) thus, for one of her fingers, ten camels are due to her, as in the case of the finger of the man; for two of her fingers, twenty camels; and for three of her fingers, thirty; but for four of her fingers, only twenty, because they exceed the third, therefore the portion is reduced to the half of what is due to the man: so accord. to Ibn-El-Museiyab: but Esh-Sháfi'ee and the people of El-Koofeh assign for the finger of the woman five camels, and for two of her fingers ten; and regard not the third part. (TA.) A2: ↓ عَاقَلْتُهُ فَعَقَلْتُهُ, (S, O, K, *) inf. n. of the former مُعَاقَلَةٌ, (TA,) and aor. of the latter عَقُلَ, (S, O, K,) and inf. n. عَقْلٌ, (TA,) means I vied, or contended, with him for superiority in عَقْل [or intelligence], (O, TA,) and I surpassed him therein. (S, O, K, * TA.) 4 اعقل He (a man) owed what is termed عِقَال, (O, K, TA,) i. e. a year's poor-rate. (TA.) b2: اعقل القَوْمُ The people, or party, became in the condition of finding the shade to have declined, and contracted, or shrunk, with them, at midday. (S, O.) A2: اعقلهُ He found him to be عَاقِل [i. e. intelligent, &c.]: (K:) it is similar to أَحْمَدَهُ and أَبْخَلَهُ. (TA.) b2: See also 1, last quarter.5 تعقّلهُ: see 1, near the middle: b2: and see 8, in four places. b3: تَعَقَّلْ لِى بِكَفَّيْكَ حَتَّى أَرْكَبَ بَعِيرِى, (O, K, *) a saying heard by Az from an Arab of the desert, (O,) means Put thy two hands together for me, and intersert thy fingers together, in order that I may put my foot upon them, i. e. upon thy hands, and mount my camel; for the camel was standing; (O, K; *) and was laden; and if he had made him to lie down, would not rise with him and his load. (O.) A2: [It is used in philosophical works as meaning He conceived it in his mind, abstractedly, and otherwise; and so, sometimes, ↓ عَقَلَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَقْلٌ. Hence one says, هٰذَا شَىْءٌ لَا يُتَعَقَّلُ This is a thing that is not conceivable.]

A3: تعقّل as intrans.: see 1, latter half. b2: [Hence, He recovered his intellect, or understanding. b3: And] He affected, or endeavoured to acquire, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, &c.]: like as one says تَحَلَّمَ and تَكَيَّسَ. (S, O.) [See also 6.] b4: Said of an animal of the chase, as meaning It stuck fast, and became caught, in a net or the like, it is a coined word, not heard [from the Arabs of chaste speech]. (Mgh.) 6 تعاقلوا دَمُ فُلَانٍ They paid among themselves, or conjointly, the mulct for the blood of such a one. (K.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّا لَا نَتَعَاقَلُ المَصْعَ Verily we will not pay among ourselves, or conjointly, the mulcts for slight wounds of the head, [lit. the stroke with a sword,] but will oblige him who commits the offence to pay the mulct for it: i. e. the people of the towns or villages shall not pay the mulcts for the people of the desert; nor the people of the desert, for the people of the towns or villages; in the like of the case of the [wound termed] مُوضِحَة. (TA.) And in another it is said, يَتَعَاقَلُونَ بَيْنَهُمْ مَعَاقِلَهُمُ الأُولَى [They shall take and give among themselves, or conjointly, their former bloodwits]: i. e. they shall be as they were in respect of the taking and giving of bloodwits. (TA.) And one says, القَوْمُ عَلَى مَا كَانُوا يَتَعَاقَلُونَ عَلَيْهِ [The people, or party, are acting in conformity with that usage in accordance with which they used to pay and receive among themselves bloodwits]. (S, O.) A2: تعاقل also signifies He affected, or made a show of possessing, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, &c.], without having it. (S, O.) [See also 5.]8 إِعْتَقَلَ see 1, former half, in three places. b2: اُعْتُقِلَ said of a man, He was withheld, restrained, or confined. (S, O.) b3: And اُعْتُقِلَ لِسَانُهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and اِعْتَقَلَ, also, (Msb,) His tongue was withheld, or restrained, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) from speaking; (Mgh, Msb;) he was unable to speak. (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K.) b4: [Hence,] اعتقل الشَّاةَ He put the hind legs of the ewe, or she-goat, between his shank and his thigh, (S, O, K,) to milk her, (S, O,) or and so milked her. (K.) And اعتقل رُمْحَهُ He put his spear between his shank and his stirrup [or stirrup-leather]: (S, O, K:) or he (a man riding) put his spear beneath his thigh, and dragged the end of it upon the ground behind him. (IAth, TA.) And اعتقل الرَّحْلَ, and ↓ تعقّلهُ; (O;) or اعتقل الرِّجْلَ, (O, K,) accord. to one relation of a verse of Dhu-rRummeh, (O,) and ↓ تعقّلها; (K;) He [a man riding upon a camel] folded his leg, and put it upon the مَوْرِك: (O, K, * TA:) in the K, الوَرِك is erroneously put for المَوْرِك: (TA:) the مَوْرِك is before the وَاسِطَة [or upright piece of wood in the fore part] of the camel's saddle: (AO, in TA art. ورك:) and one says also, اعتقل قَادِمَةَ رَحْلِهِ and ↓ تعقّلها; both meaning the same [as above]: (TA:) and السَّرْجَ ↓ تعقّل and اعتقلهُ He folded his leg upon the fore part of the سرج [or saddle of the horse or the like]. (Mgh.) b5: See also 1, latter half, in three places. b6: الاِعْتِقَالُ also signifies The inserting a سَيْر [or narrow strip of skin or leather], when sewing a skin, beneath a سَيْر, in order that it may become strong, and that the water may not issue from it. (AA, O.) A2: and one says, اعتقل مِنْ دَمِ فُلَانٍ, (O, K,) and مِنْ طَائِلَتِهِ, (O,) meaning He took, or received, the عَقْل, (O, K, TA,) i. e. the mulct for the blood of such a one. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَعْقَلَ [استعقلهُ He counted, accounted, or esteemed, him عَاقِل, i. e. intelligent, &c.: for] you say of a man, يُسْتَعْقَلُ [from العَقْلُ], like as you say يُسْتَحْمَقُ [from الحُمْقُ], and يُسْتَرْأَى from الرِّئَآءُ. (AA, S in art. رأى.) عَقْلٌ an inf. n. used as a subst. [properly so termed], (Msb,) A bloodwit, or mulct for bloodshed; syn. دِيَةٌ; (As, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) so called for a reason mentioned in the first paragraph in the explanation of the phrase عَقَلْتُ القَتِيلَ; (As, S, Mgh, * O, Msb;) as also ↓ مَعْقُلَةٌ, (S, Mgh, O, K,) of which ↓ مِعْقَلَةٌ, with fet-h to the ق, is a dial. var., mentioned in the R; (TA;) and of which the pl. is مَعَاقِلُ: (S, O, K:) one says, ↓ لَنَاعِنْدَ فُلَانٍ ضَمَدٌ مِنْ مَعْقُلَةٍ i. e. We have a remainder of a bloodwit owed to us by such a one. (S, O.) And الأُولَى ↓ هُمْ عَلَى مَعَاقِلِهِمِ They are [acting] in conformity with [the usages relating to] the bloodwits that were in the Time of Ignorance; (K, TA;) or meaning عَلَى مَا كَانُوا يَتَعَاقَلُونَ عَلَيْهِ [expl. above (see 6)]: (S, O:) or they are [acting] in conformity with the conditions of their fathers; (K, TA;) but the former is the primary meaning: (TA:) and [hence]

عَلَى قَوْمِهِ ↓ صَارَ دَمُ فُلَانٍ مَعْقُلَةً The blood of such a one became [the occasion of] a debt incumbent on his people, or party, (S, O, K, *) to be paid by them from their possessions. (S, O.) A2: And as being originally the inf. n. of عَقَلَ in the phrase عَقَلَ الشَّىْءَ meaning [فَهِمَهُ or] تَدَبَّرَهُ; (Msb;) or as originally meaning المَنْعُ, because it withholds, or restrains, its possessor from doing that which is not suitable; or from المَعْقِلُ as meaning “ the place to which one has recourse for protection &c.,” because its possessor has recourse to it; (TA;) العَقْلُ signifies also Intelligence, understanding, intellect, mind, reason, or knowledge; syn. الحَجْرُ, (S, O,) and النُّهَى, (S,) or النُّهْيَةُ, (O,) or الحِجَا, and اللُّبُّ, (Msb,) or العِلْمُ, (K,) or the contr. of الحُمْقُ; (M, TA;) or the knowledge of the qualities of things, of their goodness and their badness, and their perfectness and their defectiveness; or the knowledge of the better of two good things, and of the worse of two bad things, or of affairs absolutely; or a faculty whereby is the discrimination between the bad and the good; (K, TA;) but these and other explanations of العَقْل in the K are all in treatises of intellectual things, and not mentioned by the leading lexicologists; (TA; [in which are added several more explanations of a similar kind that have no proper place in this work;]) some say that it is an innate property by which man is prepared to understand speech; (Msb;) the truth is, that it is a spiritual light, (K, TA,) shed into the heart and the brain, (TA,) whereby the soul acquires the instinctive and speculative kinds of knowledge, and the commencement of its existence is on the occasion of the young's becoming in the fætal state, [or rather of its quickening,] after which it continues to increase until it becomes complete on the attainment of puberty, (K, TA,) or until the attainment of forty years: (TA:) the pl. is عُقُولٌ: (K:) Sb mentions عَقْلٌ as an instance of an inf. n. having a pl., namely, عُقُولٌ; like شُغْلٌ and مَرَضٌ: (TA in art. مرض:) IAar says, (O,) العَقْلُ is [syn. with] القَلْبُ, and القَلْبُ is [syn. with] العَقْلُ: (O, K:) and ↓ المَعْقُولُ is [said to be] a subst., or name, for العَقْلُ, like المَجْلُودُ and المَيْسُورُ for الجَلَادَةُ and اليُسْرُ: (Har p. 12:) it is said in a prov., ↓ مَا لَهُ جُولٌ وَلَا مَعْقُولٌ, (Meyd, and Har ubi suprà,) meaning He has not strong purpose of mind, [to withhold, or protect, him,] like the جول [or casing] of the well of the collapsing whereof one is free from fear because of its firmness, nor intellect, or intelligence, (عَقْل,) to withhold him from doing that which is not suitable to the likes of him. (Meyd. [But see مَعْقُولٌ below.]) [Hence, أَسْنَانُ العَقْلِ (see 1 in art. حنك) and أَضْرَاسُ العَقْلِ (see ضِرْسٌ), both meaning The wisdom-teeth.]

A3: [It is said that]

عَقْلٌ also signifies A fortress; syn. حِصْنٌ. (K.) [But this seems to be doubtful.] See مَعْقِلٌ.

A4: And A sort of red cloth (S, O, K) with which the [women's camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج is covered: (K:) or a sort of what are called بُرُود [pl. of بُرْدٌ, q. v.] or a sort of figured cloth, (K,) or, as in the M, of red figured cloth: (TA:) or such as is figured with long forms. (Har p. 416.) عُقْلَةٌ A bond like the عِقَال [q. v.]: or a shackle. (Har p. 199.) b2: [Hence it seems to signify An impediment of any kind.] One says, بِهِ عُقْلَةٌ مِنَ السِّحْرِ وَقَدْ عُمِلَتْ لَهُ نُشْرَةٌ [app. meaning In him is an impediment arising from enchantment, and a charm, or an amulet, has been made for him]. (S, O.) b3: And A [mode of] twisting one's leg with another's in wrestling. (TA.) See 1, latter half. b4: And A twisting of the tongue when one desires to speak. (Mbr, TA in art. حبس.) b5: And, in the conventional language of the geomancers, (O, K,) it consists of A unit and a pair and a unit, (O,) the sign ??: (K, TA:) also called ثِقَافٌ. (O, TA.) عَقْلِىٌّ Intellectual, as meaning of, or relating to, the intellect.]

عِقَالٌ A rope with which a camel's fore shank is bound to his arm, both being folded together and bound in the middle of the arm: pl. عُقُلٌ. (S, O, Msb.) [See also شِكَالٌ.] b2: And The poor-rate (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) of a year, (S, Mgh, O, K,) consisting of camels and of sheep or goats. (K.) [See a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. سعو and سعى.] One says, عَلَى بَنِى فُلَانٍ عِقَالَانِ On the sons of such a one lies a poor-rate of two years. (S, O.) And hence the saying of Aboo-Bekr, لَوْ مَنَعُونِى عِقَالًا (Mgh, O, Msb) If they refused me a year's poor-rate: (Mgh, O:) and it is said that the phrase أَخَذَ عِقَالًا was used when the collector of the poor-rate took the camels themselves, not their price: (TA:) or Aboo-Bekr meant a rope of the kind above mentioned; (Mgh, O, Msb;) for when one gave the poor-rate of his camels, he gave with them their عُقُل: (O, Msb:) or (Mgh, TA) he meant thereby a paltry thing, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) of the value of the [rope called] عقال: (TA:) or he said عَنَاقًا [“ a she-kid ”]; (Mgh, TA;) so accord. to Bkh, (Mgh,) and most others: (TA:) or جُدَيًّا [“ a little kid ”]. (Mgh, TA.) b3: Also A young [she-camel such as is called] قَلُوص. (K.) b4: عِقَالُ المِئِينَ meansThe man of high rank who, when he has been made a prisoner, is ransomed with hundreds of camels. (K.) عَقُولٌ A medicine that binds, confines, or astringes, the belly [or bowels]; (S, O, Msb;) as also ↓ عَاقُولٌ; contr. of حَادُورٌ. (A in art. حدر.) A2: See also عَاقِلٌ, latter half, in two places.

عَقِيلَةٌ A woman of generous race, (S, O, K,) modest, or bashful, (S, O,) that is kept behind the curtain, (K,) held in high estimation: (TA:) the excellent of camels, (Az, S, O, K,) and of other things: (Az, TA:) or the most excellent of every kind of thing: (S, O, K:) and the chief of a people: (K:) the first is the primary signification: then it became used as meaning the excel-lent of any kind of things, substantial, and also ideal, as speech, or language: pl. عَقَائِلُ. (TA.) And العَقِيلَةُ: (K,) or عَقِيلَةُ البَحْرِ, (S, O, TA,) signifies The pearl, or large pearl: (S, O, K, * TA: *) or the large and clear pearl: or, accord. to IB, the pearl, or large pearl, in its shell. (TA.) إِبِلٌ عُقَيْلِيَّةٌ Certain hardy, excellent, highly esteemed, camels, of Nejd. (Msb.) عُقَّالٌ A limping, or slight lameness, syn. ظَلَعٌ, (so in copies of the S,) or ضَلَعٌ [which is said to signify the same, or correctly to signify a natural crookedness], (so in other copies of the S and in the O,) which occurs in the legs of a beast: (S, O:) or a certain disease in the hind leg of a beast, such that, when he goes along, he limps, or is slightly lame, for a while, after which he stretches forth; (K, TA;) accord. to A'Obeyd, (TA,) peculiar to the horse; (K, TA;) but it mostly occurs in sheep or goats. (TA.) b2: دَآءٌ ذُو عُقَّالٍ

A disease of which one will not be cured. (TA.) A2: عُقَّالُ الكَلَأِ Three herbs that remain after having been cut, which are the سَعْدَانَة and the حُلَّب and the قُطْبَة. (TA.) A3: And عَقَاقِيلُ, [a pl.] of which the sing. is not mentioned, [perhaps pl. of عُقَّالٌ, but in two senses a pl. of عَقَنْقَلٌ,] signifies The portions of a grape-vine that are raised and supported upon a trellis or the like. (TA.) عُقَّيْلَى Grapes in their first, sour, state. (O, K.) أَخَذَهُ العِقِّيلَى i. q. شَغْزَبَهُ and شَغْرَبَهُ. (Az, TA in art. شغزب.) عَاقِلٌ [act. part. n. of عَقَلَ: and as such,] The payer of a bloodwit: pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.]

↓ عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the latter is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; (TA;) and signifies a man's party (S, Mgh, O, K, TA) who league together to defend one another, (S, O, K, TA,) consisting of the relations on the father's side, (S, Mgh, * O, TA,) who pay the bloodwit (S, Mgh, O, TA) [app. in conjunction with the slayer] for him who has been slain unintentionally: (S, O, TA:) it was decided by the Prophet that it was to be paid in three years, to the heirs of the person slain: (TA:) they look to the offender's brothers on the father's side, who, if they take it upon them, pay it in three years: if they do not take it upon them, the debt is transferred to the sons [meaning all the male descendants] of his grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his father's grandfather; and in default of their doing so, to those of his grandfather's grandfather; and so on: it is not transferred from any one of these classes unless they are unable [to pay it]: and such as are enrolled in a register [of soldiers or pensioners or any corporation] are alike in respect of the bloodwit: (IAth, TA:) or, accord. to the people of El-'Irák, it means the persons enrolled in the registers [of soldiers or of others]: (S, O:) or it is applied to the persons of the register which was that of the slayer; who derive their subsistence-money, or allowances, from the revenues of a particular register: (Mgh:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said to Is-hák Ibn-Mansoor, it is applied to the tribe (قَبِيلَة) [of the slayer]; but that they bear responsibility [only] in proportion to their ability; and that if there is no عَاقِلَة, it [i. e. the bloodwit] is not to be from the property of the offender; but Is-hák says that in this case it is to be from the treasury of the state, the bloodwit not being [in any case] made a thing of no account: (TA:) the pl. of عَاقِلَةٌ thus applied is عَوَاقِلُ. (Msb.) A2: عَاقِلٌ also signifies Having, or possessing, عَقْل [i. e. intelligence, understanding, &c.; or intelligent, &c.; a rational being]; (S, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ عَقُولٌ, (S, O, K,) or this latter has an intensive signification [i. e. having much intelligence &c.]: (TA: [see an ex. in a saying cited voce أَبْلَهُ, in art. بله:]) the former is expl. by some as applied to a man who withholds, or restrains, and turns back, his soul from its inclinations, or blamable inclinations: (TA:) and it is likewise applied to a woman, as also عَاقِلَةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. masc. is عُقَّالٌ and عُقَلَآءُ, (Msb, K,) this latter pl. sometimes used; and the pl. fem. is عَوَاقِلُ and عَاقِلَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: عَاقِلٌ is also applied to a mountaingoat, as an epithet, signifying That protects himself in his mountain from the hunter: (TA:) [and in like manner ↓ عَقُولٌ is said by Freytag to be used in the Deewán of Jereer.] And it is [also] a name for A mountain-goat, (S, O,) or a gazelle; (K;) because it renders itself inaccessible in a high mountain. (S, O, K. *) b3: And عَاقِلَةٌ signifies A female comber of the hair. (S, O.) عَاقِلَةٌ, as a coll. gen. n.: see عَاقِلٌ; of which it is also fem.

عَاقُولٌ: see عَقُولٌ.

A2: Also A bent portion, (S, O,) or place of bending, (K,) of a river, and of a valley, (S, O, K,) and of sand: (S, O:) pl. عَوَاقِيلُ: or the عَوَاقِيل of valleys are the angles, in the places of bending, thereof; and the sing. is عَاقُولٌ. (TA.) b2: And The main of the sea: or the waves thereof. (K.) b3: And A land in which (so in copies of the K, but in some of them to which,) one will not find the right way, (K, TA,) because of its many places of winding. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] عَوَاقِيلُ الأُمُورِ What are confused and dubious of affairs. (S, O, K. *) b5: And [hence] one says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو عَوَاقِيلَ, meaning Verily he is an author, or a doer, of evil. (TA.) A3: Also A certain plant, (O, K,) well known, (K,) not mentioned by AHn (O, TA) in the Book of Plants; (TA;) [the prickly hedysarum; hedysarum alhagi of Linn.; common in Egypt, and there called by this name; fully described by Forskål in his Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. 136;] it has thorns; camels pasture upon it; and [hence] it is called شَوْكُ الجِمَالِ; it grows upon the dykes and the تُرَع [or canals for irrigation]; and has a violetcoloured flower. (TA.) [See also تَرَنْجُبِينٌ; and see حَاجٌ, in art. حيج.]

عَنْقَلٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَقَنْقَلٌ A great كَثِيب [i. e. hill, or heap, or oblong or extended gibbous hill,] of intermingled sands: (S, O:) or a كَثِيب that is accumulated (K, TA) and intermingled: or a حَبْل [or long and elevated tract] of sand, having winding portions, and حِرَف [app. meaning ridges], and compacted: (TA:) accord. to El-Ahmar, it is the largest quantity of sand; larger than the كَثِيب: (S voce لَبَبٌ:) pl. عَقَاقِلُ (S, O) and عَقَاقِيلُ (O) and عَقَنْقَلَاتٌ. (TA.) b2: And A great, wide, valley: (K:) pl. عَقَاقِلُ and عَقَاقِيلُ. (TA.) b3: Also, (S, O, K,) sometimes, (S, O,) and ↓ عَنْقَلٌ, (O, K,) The مَصَارِين [or intestines into which the food passes from the stomach], (S, O,) or قَانِصَة [which here probably signifies the same], (K,) of a [lizard of the species called] ضَبّ: (S, O, K:) or the [portion of fat termed] كُشْيَة of the ضَبّ. (TA.) أَطْعِمْ أَخَاكَ مِنْ عَقَنْقَلِ الضَّبِّ [Give thy brother to eat of the intestines, &c., of the dabb: or, as some relate it, مِنْ كُشْيَةِ الضَّبِّ:] is a prov., said in urging a man to make another to share in the means of subsistence; or, accord. to some, denoting derision. (TA.) b4: Also A [drinking-cup, or bowl, of the kind called] قَدَح. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b5: And A sword. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) أَعْقَلُ, applied to a camel, Having what is termed عَقَلٌ, i. e. a twisting in the hind leg, &c.: (S, O, K: [see the last portion of the first paragraph:]) fem. عَقْلَآءُ, applied to a she-camel. (S, K.) A2: [Also More, and most, عَاقِل, or intelligent, &c.]

مَعْقِلٌ A place to which one betakes himself for refuge, protection, preservation, covert, or lodging; syn. مَلْجَأٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَقْلٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عُقُولٌ: (S, O:) but Az says that he had not heard عَقْل in this sense on any authority except that of Lth; and held العُقُولُ, which is cited as an ex. of its pl., to signify “ the protecting oneself in a mountain: ” (TA:) and مَعْقِلٌ signifies also a fortress; [like as عَقْلٌ is said to do;] syn. حِصْنٌ: (Mgh:) the pl. is مَعَاقِلُ. (TA.) Hence one says, using it metaphorically, هُوَ مَعْقِلُ قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) He is the refuge of his people: and the kings of Himyer are termed in a trad. مَعَاقِلُ الأَرْضِ, meaning The fortresses [or refuges] of the land. (TA.) b2: [It is perhaps primarily used in relation to camels; for] مَعَاقِلُ الإِبِلِ means The places in which the camels are bound with the rope called عِقَال. (TA.) مَعْقُلَةٌ and مَعْقَلَةٌ; and the pl.: see عَقْلٌ, first quarter, in five places. b2: [It seems to be implied in the S and O that the former signifies also Places that retain the rain-water.]

تَمْرٌ مَعْقِلِىٌّ, (Mgh, Msb,) or رُطَبٌ مَعْقِلِىٌّ, (S,) A certain sort of dates, (Mgh, * Msb,) [or fresh ripe dates,] of El-Basrah: (Msb:) so called in relation to Maakil Ibn-Yesár. (S, Mgh, Msb.) مُعَقَّلَةٌ is applied to camels (إِبِلٌ) as meaning Bound with the rope called عِقَال. (O, TA.) and also to a she-camel bound therewith on the occasion of her being covered: and hence the epithet مُعَقَّلَاتٌ is applied by a poet, metonymically, to women, in a similar sense. (TA.) مَعْقُولٌ [pass. part. n. of عَقَلَ in all its senses as a trans. verb. b2: Hence it signifies Intellectual, as meaning perceived by the intellect; and excogitated: thus applied as an epithet to any branch of knowledge that is not necessarily مَنْقُولٌ, which means “ desumed,” such as the science of the fundamentals of religion, and the like. b3: Hence also, Intelligible. b4: And Approved by the intellect; or reasonable.

A2: It is also said to be an inf. n.]: see 1, latter half. b2: And see عَقْلٌ, latter half, in two places.

مَعْقُولَاتٌ Intellectual things, meaning things perceived by the intellect: generally used in this sense in scientific treatises. b2: And hence, Intel-ligible things. b3: And Things approved by the intellect; or reasonable.]

نصر

1 نَصَرَهُ, (M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (M, A, K) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this is a simple subst., (S, Msb,) and نُصُورٌ, (K,) [but see the verse of Khidásh in what follows,] He aided or assisted him, (M, K,) namely, a person wronged, misused, or treated unjustly or injuriously, (M. A, K,) against his enemy: (TA:) [he avenged him: (see the verse here following, and see 8:) he supplied his want, or somewhat thereof (TA.) Kidásh Ibn-Zuheyr says.

فَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَشْكُو مِنْ خَلِيلٍ مَخَانَةً

فتِلْكَ الجَوَازِى عَقْبُهَا وَنُصُورُهَا [And if thou complain of treachery from a friend. those requitals are its result and its avengers, or avengement]: here نُصُور may be a pl. of نَاصِرٌ.

like شُهُودٌ is of شَاهِدٌ; or it may be an inf. n., like دُخُولٌ and خُرُوجٌ. (M.) You say, تَصَرَهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ, (S, A, Msb,) and مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ, (A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (S, A, Msb) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this, as remarked above, is a simple subst., (S, Msb.) He (namely, God. S, A, or a man, Msb,) aided or assisted him, and strengthened him, against his enemy: (Msb:) [he avenged him of his enemy. (See 8.)] and نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him to be victorious, to conquer, or to overcome: so in the Kur, xxii. 15, where the pronoun relates to Mohammad. (TA.) In the Kur, xlvii. 8. إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللّٰهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ means, If ye aid God's religion and his apostle, He will aid you against your enemy: (Bd, Jel) or if ye aid his servants, &c.: or if ye keep his ordinances and aid his orders and comply with his commands and shun the things which He hath forbidden, &c. (El-Basáïr.) And the trad.

أُنْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمَّا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا is explained as meaning, Prevent thou thy brother from wronging when he is a wronger, and aid him against his wronger when he is wronged. (TA.) Also, نَصَرَهُ مِنْهُ, (K,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ and نُصْرَةٌ, (TA,) [or the latter in this sense, as in the cases above mentioned, is a simple subst.,] He served or Preserved him from him or it. (K.) b2: نَصَرَاللّٰهُ الأَرْضَ God gave rain to the earth or land. (A.) And نَصَرَ الغَيْثُ الأَرْضَ (S, M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (M,) (tropical:) The rain aided the earth or land: (S:) or watered it: (M:) or watered it generally and copiously, (K, TA,) and caused it to produce herbage: (TA:) and نَصَرَ البَلَدَ (tropical:) it assisted the country to produce abundance of herbage: (TA:) and نُصِرَتِ الأَرْضْ (tropical:) the earth or land was watered by rain. (S.) b3: Hence, نَصَرَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (tropical:) He gave to him. (M.) An Arab of the desert [in the A a beggar] accosted a people saying, أُنْصُرُونِى نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ, meaning, (tropical:) Give ye to me: may God give to you. (M, A.) b4: نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) God bestowed upon him the means of subsistence, or the like; syn. رَزَقَهُ. (IKtt.) 2 نصّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْصِيرٌ, K,) He made him a Christian. (S, M, K.) It is said in a trad., [relating to the natural disposition of a child to adopt the true faith,] فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ [But his two parents make him a Jew or make him a Christian]. (S.) 3 نَاْصَرَ [ناصرهُ He rendered reciprocal aid to him. See an ex. voce عَاصَرَ.]5 تنصّر He laboured, or strove, to aid, or assist; syn. عَالَجَ النَّصْرَ: (M, K:) not of the same category as تَحَلَّمَ [he endeavoured to acquire حِلْم] and تبرّر [he endeavoured to characterize himself by بِرّ]. (M.) A2: He became a Christian. (M, K.) 6 تناصروا They aided or assisted one another: (S, Msb, TA:) they assisted one another to aid. (M, A, K, TA.) b2: تناصرت الأَخْبَارُ (tropical:) The accounts, or tidings, confirmed, or verified, one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 انتصر He defended himself: (Bd, Jel, lv. 35:) he defended himself against his wronger, or injurer. (TA.) b2: انتصر مِنْهُ He exacted, or obtained, his right, or due, completely, from him, so that each of them became on a par with the other: (Az, TA:) he revenged himself upon him. (Az, S, M, * Msb, K.) 10 استنصر He asked, sought, or desired, aid, or assistance. (M, K.) And استنصره He asked him to aid him, (S, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, K,) i. e. against his enemy. (S, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He begged; (K;) as though he asked for a gift, which is termed نَصْر. (TA.) نَصْرٌ [used a subst.,] Aid or assistance, rendered to another, especially against an enemy: [avengement or another:] victory or conquest: (Bd, xxix. 9:) and ↓ نُصْرَةٌ is a subst. from نَصَرَهُ [and therefore signifies the same]: (S, Msb:) or the ↓ latter signifies good aid, or assistance: (M, K:) and this ↓ same word, when the object is God, signifies aid of God's servants; &c.; as explained above: see 1. (El-Basáïr.) b2: Spoil; plunder; booty. (Bd, ubi supra.) b3: (tropical:) Rain; (A, TA;) as also ↓ نُصْرَةٌ: (TA:) in like manner as it is called فَتْح: (A, TA:) or the ↓ latter signifies a complete rain. (IAar.) b4: [Hence,] (tropical:) A gift: (S, TA:) and نَصَائِرُ gifts. (M.) b5: See also نَاصِرٌ.

نُصَرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ.

نُصْرَةٌ: see نَصْرٌ, in five places.

نَصْرِىٌّ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ نَصْرَانٌ, (M, A,) or this latter has not been used without the addition of the relative ى, (S,) or it has been sometimes used, (M,) and ↓ نَصْرِىٌّ, (M, Msb, K,) but we have not heard this used, (M,) [A Christian: or this is a secondary application, and the original meaning is a Nazarene:] fem. نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S, A, K,) or the latter is used only by poetic licence: (IB:) ↓ نَصَارَى [applied to the Christians] is a rel. n. from نَاصِرَةُ, [or Nazareth,] a town of Syria, (S, M, K,) also called نَصْرَانَةُ, (Lth, IDrd, K,) or نَصْرَانُ, (S, Msb,) and نَصُورِيَةٌ, (M, Sgh, K,) without teshdeed, accord. to Sgh, (TA,) and نُصْرِىٌّ and نُصْرَى, (as in a copy of the M,) or نَصْرَى and نَصْرَوَةُ: (TA:) so originally, and then applied to such as hold the religion of its inhabitants: (Msb:) this is the opinion of the lexicologists; but it is of weak authority, though admissible as there are other anomalous rel. ns.: (M:) or [so in K, but in the S, and] نَصَارَى is pl. of نَصْرِىٌّ, (Kh, M, Msb, K,) like as مَهَارَى is pl. of مَهْرِىٌّ; (Msb, K;) or of نَصْرَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S,) like as نَدَامَى is pl. of نَدْمَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَدْمَانَةٌ; (S;) but more probably of نَصْرَانٌ, because this word has been sometimes used, whereas we have not heard نَصْرِىٌّ used: (M:) and it is implied in the copies of the K, that أَنْصَارٌ is pl. of نَصْرَانِىٌّ; but correctly, it is a pl. of نَصْرَانٌ, without ى, as is said in the TS, and the L, in both of which is mentioned the saying of the poet, لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ نَبَطًا أَنْصَارَا [When I saw Nabatheans, Christians], meaning نَصَارَى. (TA.) النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ The religion of the نَصَارَى [or Christians]. (K, TA.) نَصُورٌ One who aids, or assists, much or well. (TA in art. عقرب.) نَصِيرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ. It has the signification of the measure فَاعِلٌ or of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; for أَخَوَانِ نَصِيرَانِ, occurring in a trad., means Two brothers, aiders of, and aided by, each other. (TA.) نَصَارَى: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصَائِرُ: see نَصْرٌ.

نَاصِرٌ act. part. n. of نَصَرَ, An aider or assister, especially against an enemy; &c.; as also ↓ نَصِيرٌ, (S, * M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ نَصَرٌ: (Sgh, K:) pl. (of نَصِيرٌ, (S, M, Msb, and of نَاصِرٌ, M,) أَنْصَارٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and (of نَاصِرٌ, M) نُصَّارٌ, (M, K,) and نُصُورٌ may also be a pl. of the same, as occurring in the verse of Khidásh, cited above: (M:) and أَنَاصِيرُ is a pl. pl., being pl. of أَنْصَارٌ: (TA:) and ↓ نَصْرٌ is used as sing. and pl., (M, K,) being an inf. n. employed as an epithet, like عَدْلٌ. (M.) b2: الأَنْصَارُ also signifies The Assistants of the Prophet; (M, K;) of [the tribes of] El-Ows and El-Khazraj; (TA;) being an epithet applied to them especially, (M, K,) and used as a subst., as though it were the name of a tribe, wherefore the rel. n. أَنْصَارِىٌّ [which is used as sing.] is formed from it. (M.) نَاصُورٌ: see نَاسُورٌ.

أَنْصَارٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ: b2: and ناصِرٌ.

أَنْصَارِىٌّ: see نَاصِرٌ.

مَنْصُورٌ [Aided or assisted, especially against an enemy, &c.]. b2: أَرْضٌ مَنْصُورَةٌ (tropical:) Land watered by rain; rained upon. (S, A.) مُسْتَنْصِرٌ [Asking, seeking, or desiring, aid, or assistance]. b2: (tropical:) A beggar. (M.)

حصر

1 حَصَرَهُ, (S, A,) aor. ـُ (S, K) and حَصِرَ, (K,) inf. n. حَصْرٌ, (S, K,) He, or it, straitened him; (S, A, K;) so in the Kur ix. 5; (TA;) and encompassed, or surrounded, him. (S, A.) You say حَصَرَهُ, (S, Msb,) or حَصَرَ بِهِ, (K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. حَصْرٌ, (Msb,) It (a hostile party, ISk, S, Msb, or a people, K) encompassed him, or surrounded him, (Msb, K,) and prevented him from going to his business: (Msb:) or straitened him, and encompassed or surrounded him; as also ↓ حَاصَرَهُ, inf. n. مُحَاصَرَةٌ and حِصَارٌ. (ISK, S.) The ↓ محاصرة of an enemy is well known. (K.) You say العَدُوُّ ↓ حَاصَرَهُمُ, inf. ns. as above, [The enemy besieged, or beset, them;] and بَقِينَا فِى

الحِصَارِ أَيَّامًا We remained in the state of siege some days; or in the place of confinement; and حُوصِرُوا مُحَاصَرَةً شَدِيدَةً [They were besieged, or beset, vehemently]. (A.) b2: Also حَصَرَهُ, (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Mgh, K) and حَصِرَ, (K,) inf. n. حَصْرٌ, (A, Mgh, K,) He, (Akh, S, A,) or it, (S,) confined, kept close, imprisoned, detained, retained, restrained, withheld, or prevented, him; (A O, Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee, Akh, S, A;) as also ↓ أَحْصَرَهُ: (Aboo-' Amr Esh-Sheybánee, S:) or a distinction should be made between these two forms, as will be seen in what follows. (TA.) And It (a hostile party, and a disease, ISK, Th, Msb) detained, restrained, withheld, or prevented, him (ISK, Th, Msb, K) from journeying &c.; (K;) as also ↓ احصرهُ: (AO, * ISk, Th, Msb, K:) or the latter signifies it (disease) prevented him from journeying, or from a thing that he desired: so in the Kur ii. 192: (ISk, S:) or [more properly] it (disease, or urine, [&c.,]) made him to restrain himself: (Akh, S, K:) or إِحْصَارٌ signifies the being prevented from attending the religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, by disease, or the like: (IAth:) or أُحْصِرَ is said when a man is turned back from a course which he desired: and حُصِرَ, when he is confined, or restrained, or the like: (Yoo:) or, accord. to Fr, the Arabs say, of him whom fear or disease prevents from accomplishing his pilgrimage or his عُمْرَة [q. v.], (Mgh, * TA,) and of any one that is not forcibly constrained, as by imprisonment, or by enchantment or the like, (TA,) ↓ أُحْصِرَ: and of him who is imprisoned or restrained by a Sultán, or by one who overpowers, حُصِرَ: this distinction is observed by them: (Mgh, * TA:) but if you mean that the constraining power of the Sultán is a preventing cause, and you do not refer to the act of the agent, it is allowable for you to say, الرَّجُلُ ↓ قَدْ أُحْصِرَ: and if you say of him whom pain or disease makes to restrain himself, that the disease, or fear, restrains him, it is allowable for you to say, حُصِرَ: or, as Aboo-Is- hák the Grammarian says, the correct rule, accord. to the lexicologists, is, that one says of him whom fear and disease prevent, ↓ أُحْصِرَ: and of him who is confined or restrained by another, حُصِرَ: and thus it is because he who refrains from conducting himself freely in an affair restrains himself: and they saying حَصَرْتُهُ means that thou hast restrained him; not that he has restrained himself: so that it is allowable to say in this case [when you do not mention the agent], ↓ أُحْصِرَ. (TA.) [Accord. to Z,] حُصِرَ عَنْهُ and دُونَهُ [lit. He was withheld from it] is said when a man is ashamed at a thing, and leaves it, or abstains from it, or when he is unable to effect a thing, or finds his wish difficult of attainment. (A. [See also حَصِرَ, in what follows, in this paragraph.]) حَصَرْتُ الغُرَمَآءَ فِى المَالِ means حَصَرْتُ قِسْمَةَ المَالِ فِى الغُرَمَآءِ [I restricted the division of the property among the creditors]: for the prevention is not against them, but against others, from their being shares with them in the property: the phrase is inverted, like أَدْخَلْتُ القَبْرَ المَيِّتَ. (Msb.) b3: Also حَصَرَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَصْرٌ, (TA,) He took the whole of it; (K;) [appropriated it to himself exclusively;] acquired it; took it to himself. (TA.) b4: And حُصِرَ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ أُحْصِرَ, (S, A, K,) or حُصِرَ بِغَائِطِهِ, and ↓ أُحْصِرَ, (Ks,) or حُصِرَ عَلَيْهِ خَلَاؤُهُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. حَصْرٌ [and حُصْرٌ, or this latter is a simple subst.], (Ibn-Buzurj,) He (a man, S, A) suffered suppression of the feces, or constipation of the bowels: (Ks, Ibn-Buzurj, S, A, Mgh, K:) [distinguished from أُسِرَ: (see حُصْرٌ:) or] حُصِرَ عَلَيْهِ بَوْلُهُ signifies he suffered suppression of his urine.. (Ibn-Buzurj.) A2: حَصَرَتْ, [intrans.,] with fet-h [to the ص], and ↓ أَحْصَرَتْ, She (a camel) had a narrow orifice to the teat. (S.) And حَصُرَ, aor. ـُ and حَصِرَ, aor. ـَ and ↓ أَحْصَرَ, (K,) or أُحْصِرَ; (so in the TA;) It (the orifice of her teat) was, or became, narrow. (K, * TA.) b2: And حَصِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَصَرٌ, He was, or became, unable to express his mind, to say what he would, to find words to express what he would say; he faltered in speech; (S, Mgh, K, Expos. of the “ Mufassal ” of Z;) by reason of shame and confusion of mind, or other [accidental] cause; wherein, only, it differs from عَيِىَ. (Expos. of the “ Mufassal ” of Z.) And also, (Msb, K,) or حَصِرَ فِى القِرَآءَةِ, (S,) He faltered, or became impeded, and was unable to proceed, in reading, or recitation. (S, Msb, K.) And حَصِرَ. aor. ـَ He was ashamed, and cut short, as though the affair straitened him like as the prison straitens the prisoner. (TA.) And حَصِرَ عَنْهُ He became impeded, and was unable to do it. (S.) And حَصِرَ عَنِ المَرْأَةِ, aor. ـَ [inf. n. حَصَرٌ,] He abstained from sexual intercourse with the woman, (K, TA,) though able to enjoy it: (TA:) or حَصِرَ عَنْ

أَهْلِهِ, (S,) or عَنِ النِّسَآءِ, (Az,) he was prevented by impotence from having sexual intercourse (Az, S) with his wife, (S,) or with women. (Az. [See حَصُورٌ.]) b3: Also حَصِرَ, (Mgh, TA,) or حَصِرَ صَدْرُهُ, (S Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. حَصَرٌ, (S Msb, K,) He became straitened in his bosom; his bosom became straitened. (S Mgh, Msb, K, * TA.) In the Kur [iv. 92], أَوْ جَاؤُوكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُورُهُمْ أَنْ يُقَاتِلُوكُمْ means عَنْ قِتَالِكُمْ [Or who come to you, their bosoms being contracted so that they are incapable of fighting you; or their bosoms shrinking from fighting you]: (TA:) Akh and the Koofees allow that the pret. here may be a denotative of state; but Sb does not allow this use of the pret. unless with قَدْ; and he makes حصرت صدورهم to be an imprecation [meaning may their bosoms become contracted]: (S:) accord. to Fr, the Arabs say, أَتَانِى فُلَانٌ ذَهَبَ عَقْلُهُ, meaning قَدْ ذهب عقله: Zj says, Fr makes حصرت a denotative of state; but it is not so unless with قد: They says that if قد be understood, it approximates to a denotative of state, and becomes like a noun; and some read حَصِرَةً صُدُورُهُمْ: Az does not allow this use of the pret. [as a denotative of state] unless preceded by وَ or قد. (TA.) b4: and حَصِرَ, alone, He vomited. (Mgh.) b5: And He became affected with a disease, or malady, by a thing. (TA.) b6: Also, (S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. حَصَرٌ, (K,) He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, penurious, or avaricious. (S, K.) One says, شَرِبَ القَوْمُ فَحَصِرَ عَلَيْهِمْ فُلَانٌ The party drank, and such a one was niggardly to them, (AA, S, L,) not expending upon those who drank with him. (L.) b7: [Hence,] حَصِرَ بِالسِّرِّ He concealed the secret; (K;) refrained from divulging it. (TA.) A3: حَصَرَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ and حَصِرَ, (TA,) inf. n. حَصْرٌ, (K,) He bound a حِصَار, (K, TA,) or a مِحْصَرَة, (TA,) upon the camel; (K, TA;) as also ↓ احتصره: (S, K, TA:) and he made for, or put to, the camel a حِصَار: as also ↓ احصرهُ. (TA.) 3 حَاْصَرَ see 1, in three places.4 أَحْصَرَ see 1, in eleven places.7 انحصر He, or it, was, or became, restrained, withheld, or prevented. (KL.) 8 إِحْتَصَرَ see 1, last sentence.

حُصْرٌ (S, Mgh, K, &c.) and ↓ حُصُرٌ (A, and Expositions of the Fs) Suppression of the feces; or constipation of the bowels: (Yz, As, S, A, Mgh, K:) suppression of the urine is termed أُسْرٌ: (Yz, As, Mgh:) or حُصْرٌ signifies also suppression of the urine, like أُسْرٌ. (Ibn-Buzurj.) حَصَرٌ [inf. n. of حَصِرَ, q. v., passim. b2: Also] Suppression of the flow of milk of a camel, from a heaviness, or heaving, of the stomach, or a tendency to vomit; and unwillingness to yield a flow of milk. (TA.) حَصِرٌ A man unable to express his mind; to say what he would; to find words to express what he would say; (Mgh, TA;) by reason of shame and confusion of mind, or other [accidental] cause: (TA: [see حَصِرَ:]) and one who is impeded, and unable to proceed, in reading, or recitation: (Msb, TA:) and so ↓ حَصِيرٌ and ↓ مَحْصُورٌ, in both these senses. (TA.) b2: Contracted in the bosom; having the bosom contracted; (Mgh, TA;) as also ↓ حَصِيرٌ and ↓ حَصُورٌ. (K.) In the Kur iv. 92, some read حَصِرَةً صُدُورُهُمْ [Their bosoms being contracted]. (TA. [See 1, latter part.]) b3: Affected with vomiting. (Mgh.) b4: Niggardly, tenacious, penurious, or avaricious; (K;) as also ↓ حَصِيرٌ and ↓ حَصُورٌ: (S, K:) and ↓ حَصِيرٌ one who will not drink wine, by reason of niggardliness: (K:) and ↓ حَصُورٌ one who will not expend upon those who drink with him: (L:) and one who [by reason of niggardliness] does not take part in the game called المَيْسِر. (Suh.) b5: Also, (S,) or حَصِرٌ بِالأَسْرَارِ, (A,) and ↓ حَصُورٌ [alone], (K,) A strict concealer of secrets: (S:) or [simply] a concealer of secrets. (A, K.) b6: حَصِرَةُ الشَّخْبِ A she-camel whose flow of milk is suppressed. (TA.) حُصُرٌ: see حُصْرٌ.

حَصْرَآءُ Impervia coëunti mulier; syn. رَتْقَآءُ. (A, K.) حُصْرِىٌّ [and حُصُرِىٌّ, which latter is now the more common,] A maker, or seller, of حُصْر [or حُصُر, i. e. mats, pl. of حَصِيرٌ]. (Ibn-Khillikán, p. 19 of vol. i. of De Slane's ed.) حَصَارٌ: see the next paragraph.

حِصَارٌ: see حَصِيرٌ. b2: [A fortress; a fort; a castle.]

A2: Also, (S, K,) and ↓, حَصَارٌ, (K,) A kind of pillow, cushion, or pad, which is put upon a camel, and of which the kinder part is raised so that it is made like the آخِرَة of a camel's saddle, the fore part being stuffed so that it is made like the قَادِمَة [or rather وَاسِط or وَاسِطَة] of a camel's saddle, and which is ridden upon; and so ↓ مِحْصَرَةٌ: (K:) or a kind of saddle upon which those who break, or train, beasts ride: or a [piece of stuff of the kind called] كِسَآء, which is thrown upon the back of the camel, behind the rider: (TA:) or ↓ مِحْصَرَةٌ (K) and حِصَارٌ (TA) signify a small [saddle of the kind called] قَتَب, (K, TA,) which is bound upon a camel, and upon which is thrown the apparatus of the rider. (TA.) حَصُورٌ One who has no sexual intercourse with women, (S, Mgh, K,) though able to have it, (K,) abstaining from them from a motive of chastity, and for the sake of shunning worldly pleasures: (TA:) or who is prevented from having it, (K, TA,) by impotence: (TA:) or who does not desire them, (IAar, A, Msb, K,) nor approach them: (IAar, K:) applied also to a horse, i. q. عِنِّينٌ. (IAar, TA in art. عجز.) In the Kur [iii. 34], applied to John the Baptist. (TA.) b2: Castrated; (K;) having the penis and testicles amputated. (TA.) b3: Very fearful or cautious; who abstains, or refrains, from a thing through fear. (K.) b4: See also حَصِرٌ, in four places. b5: Also A she-camel having a narrow orifice to the teat. (S, K.) حَصِيرٌ: see مَحْصُورٌ, in two places: b2: and see حَصِرٌ, in four places. b3: Also A king: (S, A, K:) because he is secluded: (S, A:) or because he prevents those who have access to him. (TA.) A2: A prison; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ حِصَارٌ. (TA.) So [accord. to some] in the Kur xvii. 8. (S, ISd.) A3: A mat woven of reeds [or of rushes] (Msb, K) or of palm-leaves; (IDrd and K voce تَذَرَّعَ, &c.;) syn. بَارِيَّةٌ; (Msb, K;) vulgarly ↓ حَصِيرَةٌ: (Msb:) or a thing woven, [سَفِيفَةٌ, in the L and TA erroneously written سقيفه,] made of بَرْدِىّ [or papyrus] and of أَسَل [or rushes], and then spread upon the ground like a carpet: (TA:) pl. حُصُرٌ (Msb, TA) and, by contraction, حُصْرٌ. (TA.) Hence the prov., أَسِيرٌ عَلَى حَصِيرٍ [A captive upon a mat]. (TA.) And بَنَاتُ الحَصِيرِ Bugs; syn. بَقٌّ. (TA in art. بق.) b2: Anything woven. (K.) b3: A garment, or piece of cloth, ornamented and variegated, which, when spread out, captivates hearts in a manner peculiar to it, by its beauty. (K.) So, accord. to some, in the trad. of Hodheyfeh, تُعْرَضُ الفِتَنُ عَلَى القُلُوبِ عَرْضَ الحَصِيرِ [expl. in art. عرض, conj. 1]. (B.) b4: A bed; or a thing spread to lie upon; as though it were a mat: so, accord. to El-Hasan, in the Kur xvii. 8, referred to above. (TA.) b5: A sitting-place; syn. مَجْلِسٌ: (K, and so in two copies of the A:) MF thinks it to be a mistake for مَحْبِسٌ [a prison, or place of confinement]. (TA.) b6: The surface of the ground: (Msb, K:) whence, accord. to some, it is applied to that which is spread upon the ground [i. e. a mat]: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَحْصِرَةٌ and [of mult.] حُصُرٌ. (K.) b7: Water. (K.) [Perhaps because its surface, when rippled by the wind, is likened to a thing woven: see نَسَجَ.]

b8: The diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain, (فِرِنْد,) of a sword, (K, TA,) resembling the tracks of ants: (TA:) or its حَصِيرَانِ are its two sides. (K, * TA.) b9: A road, or way. (IAar, K.) b10: A row of men, and of other things. (K.) b11: A certain vein extending across upon the side of a beast, towards the belly: (K:) so, accord. to some, in the trad. of Hodheyfeh mentioned above: (TA:) or a portion of flesh so situate; (K;) i. e., from the shoulder-blade to the flank; as also ↓ حَصِيرَةٌ, explained in the K as a portion of flesh lying across in the side of a horse, which one sees when he is made lean by scanty food: (TA:) or the former signifies the sinew that is between the part called the صِفَاق and the part where the false ribs end; (K, TA;) which is the end of the side: (TA:) or the part that is between the vein that appears in the side of the camel and horse, lying across, and what is above it, to the part where the side terminates: (As, S:) or the حصير of the side is what appears of the upper parts of the ribs. (Ibn-Es-Seed.) b12: Also The side itself. (Az, S, K.) Hence the phrase, دَابَّةٌ عَرِيضُ الحَصِيرَيْنِ A beast having wide sides. (A, TA.) And أَوْجَعَ اللّٰهُ حَصِيرَيْهِ [May God make his sides to ache; meaning] may he be severely beaten. (A, TA.) A certain elegant scholar says, أَثَّرَ حَصِيرُ الحَصِيرِ فِى حَصِيرِ الحَصِيرِ The mat of the prison made marks upon the side of the king. (MF.) حَصِيرَةٌ: see حَصِيرٌ, in two places. b2: Also A place in which dates are dried: (S, K:) or, accord. to Az, it is with ض. (TA.) مُحْصَرٌ: see مَحْصُورٌ.

مِحْصَرَةٌ: see حِصَارٌ, in two places.

مَحْصُورٌ Straitened: [encompassed, or surrounded:] besieged, or beset, in a fortress. (TA.) Confined, kept close, imprisoned, detained, retained, restrained, withheld, or prevented; (Akh, S, TA;) as also ↓ حَصِيرٌ. (Ibn-Es-Seed.) Detained, restrained, withheld, or prevented, from journeying &c.; as also ↓ حَصِيرٌ and ↓ مُحْصَرٌ: (TA:) [or this last signifies made to restrain himself: see 1.] See also حَصِرٌ. b2: Suffering suppression of the feces, or constipation of the bowels: (Ibn-Buzurj, Mgh, K:) [distinguished from مَأْسُورٌ: (see حُصْرٌ:) or] it also signifies suffering suppression of the urine. (Ibn-Buzurj.) A2: A camel having upon him [or furnished with] a حِصَار. (K.)

بلغ

1 بُلُوغٌ [inf. n. of بَلَغَ] and إِبْلَاغٌ [inf. n. of ↓ ابلغ, but it seems that ابلاغ is here a mistranscription for بَلَاغٌ, which is, like بُلُوغٌ, an inf. n. of بَلَغَ, and this observation will be found to be confirmed by a statement immediately following this sentence,] signify The reaching, attaining, arriving at, or coming to, the utmost point of that to which, or towards which, one tends or repairs or betakes himself, to which one directs his course, or which one seeks, pursues, endeavours to reach, desires, intends, or purposes; whether it be a place, or a time, or any affair or state or event that is meditated or intended or determined or appointed: and sometimes, the being at the point thereof: so says Abu-1-Kásim in the Mufradát. (TA: [in which it is said, in the supplement to the present art., that بَلَاغٌ signifies The reaching, attaining, arriving at, or coming to, a thing.]) You say, بَلَغَ المَكَانَ, (S, K,) and المَنْزِلَ, (Msb,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. بُلُوغٌ (S, K) [and بَلَاغٌ, as shown above], He reached, attained, arrived at, or came to, (S, Msb, K,) the place, (S, K,) and the place of abode: (Msb:) and (so in the S, but in the K “ or,”) he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, attaining it, &c. (S, K.) فَبَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَ, in the Kur [ii. 232], means And they have fully attained, or ended, their term. (Msb.) But فَإِذَا بَلَغْنَ أَجَلَهُنَّ, in the same [lxv. 2], means And when they are near to attaining, or ending, their term: (S, TA:) or are at the point of accomplishing their term. (Msb, TA.) It has the first of the meanings explained above in the phrase, بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ [Kur xii. 22 &c., He attained his manly vigour, or full maturity, &c.]. (TA.) And in بَلَغَأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً [Kur xlvii. 14, He attained the age of forty years]. (TA.) and in بَلَغَ مَعَهُ السَّعْىَ [Kur xxxvii. 100, He attained to working with him]. (TA.) In the Kur [iii. 35], occurs the phrase, وَقَدْ بَلَغَنِىَ الكِبَرُ [When old age hath come to me, or overtaken me]: and in another place [xix. 9], وَ قَدْ بَلَغْتُ مِنَ الكِبَرِ عُتِيًّا [And I have reached the extreme degree of old age: so explained in the Expos. of the Jel]: phrases like أَدْرَكَنِىَ الجَهْدُ and أَدْرَكْتُهُ. (Er-Rághib, TA.) You say also, مَا بَلَغَ ↓ لَزِمَهُ ذٰلِكَ بَالِغًا with the accus. case as a denotative of state; meaning [That clave to him, or adhered to him, &c.,] rising to its highest degree or point; from بَلَغَ المَنْزِلَ, explained above. (Msb.) [But مَا بَلَغَ ↓ بَالِغًا more frequently means Whatever point, degree, amount, sum, quantity, number, or the like, it may reach, attain, arrive at, come to, or amount to.] And ↓ بَلَغَ فُلَانٌ مَبْلَغَهُ and ↓ مَبْلَغَتُهُ [Such a one reached, or attained, his utmost point or scope or degree]. (TA.) And ↓ بَلَغَ فِى العِلْمِ المَبَالِغَ [He attained, in knowledge, or science, the utmost degrees of proficiency]. (TA.) And بَلَغَ فِى

↓ الجَوْدَةِ مَبْلَغًا [It reached a consummate degree in goodness]. (S, K, * TA.) And بَلَغَ مِنَ الجَوْدَةِ

↓ مَبْلَغًا [He attained a consummate degree of goodliness]: said of a boy that has attained to puberty. (O, TA.) And بَلَغَ غَايَتَهُ فِى الطَّلَبِ [He did his utmost, or used his utmost power or ability, in seeking to attain an object]. (Msb in art. جهد.) And بَلَغَ أَقْصَى مَجْهُودِ بَعِيرِهِ فِى السَّيْرِ [He exerted the utmost endeavour, or effort, or power, or strength, of his camel, in journeying]. (S in art. نكث.) And بَلَغَ جَهْدَ دَابَّتِهِ i. q. جَهَدَهَا [He jaded, harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied, his beast]: (K in art. جهد:) and in like manner, بَلَغَ مَشَقَّتَهُ and بَلَغَ مِنْهُ المَشَقَّةَ i. q. جَهَدَهُ [and شَقَّ عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He, or it, jaded him, harassed him, &c.; ditressed him, afflicted him, oppressed him, overpowered him: thus in each of these instances, as in many similar cases, the verb with the inf. n. that follows is equivalent to the verb of that inf. n.]. (Msb in art. جهد.) [And, elliptically, بَلَغَ مِنْهُ i. q. بَلَغَ مِنْهُ المشَقَّةَ , explained above: and often meaning It took, or had, an effect upon him; it affected him: frequently said of wine and the like: and of a saying; as in the Ksh and Bd in iv. 66, where يَبْلُغُ مِنْهُمْ is followed by وَيُؤَثِرُ فِيهِ as an explicative: see also بَلِيغٌ.] and بَلَغْتَ مِنَّا البُلَغِينَ, (S, K,) and البِلَغِينَ, and كُلَّ مَبْلَغٍ: (K:) see البُلَغِينَ below. And بَلَغْتُ مِنَ الأَمْرِ المَشَقَّةَ [I experienced distress from the affair, or event]. (TA in art. مض.) [See also an ex. voce إِبِدٌ. بَلَغَنِى also signifies It has come to my knowledge, or been related to me, or been told me; or it came to my knowledge, &c.: and in this case it is generally followed by أَنَّ, or by أَنْ as a contraction of أَنَّ: for exs., see these two particles. And in like manner, بَلَغَنِى عَنْهُ Information has come to me, or information came to me, from him, or concerning him, that such a thing has happened, or had happened.] And بَلَغَ said of a letter or writing, inf. n. بَلَاغٌ and بُلُوغٌ, It reached, arrived, or came. (Msb.) And said of a plant, or of herbage, It attained its full growth: (TA:) and of a tree, such as a palm-tree &c., its fruit became ripe: (AHn, TA:) and of fruit, it became ripe. (Msb.) Also, said of a boy, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بُلُوغٌ, or, as IKoot says, بَلَاغٌ, (Msb,) He attained to puberty, virility, ripeness, or maturity; syn. أَدْرَكَ, (T, S, Msb, K,) and اِحْتَلَمَ; (M, Msb;) and attained a consummate degree of goodliness (بَلَغَ مِنَ الجَوْدَةِ مَبْلَغًا): (O, TA:) as though he attained the time of the writing of his marriage-contract, and of his having duties or obligations imposed upon him: (TA:) and in like manner one says of a girl, بَلَغَ, (T, TA,) or بَلَغَتْ. (TA.) b2: بَلَغَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ [God caused him to reach, attain, arrive at, or come to, his appointed end, or term of life; أَجَلَهُ, or the like, being understood]. (TA.) You say, بَلَغَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ أَكْلَأَ العُمُرِ, i. e. [May God cause thee to reach, or attain,] the extreme, or most distant, period of life! (S and TA in art. كلأ.) And فَعَلْتُ بِهِ مَا بَلَغَ بِهِ الأَذَى وَ المَكْرُوهْ [I did with him that which caused him to come to what was annoying, or hurtful, and evil]. (TA.) And بَلَغَ بِهِ البِلَغِينَ: see the last word of this phrase below. b3: بُلِغَ, like عُنِىَ, He (a man) was, or became, jaded, harasssed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied. (K.) A2: بَلُغَ, [aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. بَلَاغَةٌ, (S, Msb,) He was, or became بَلِيغ, i. e. فَصِيح [more properly signifying chaste, or perspicuous, in speech, but here meaning eloquent]; (S, * Msb, K;) and sharp, or penetrating, or effective, in tongue; (Msb;) attaining, by his speech, or diction, the utmost scope of his mind and desire. (K, * TA.) The difference between بَلَاغَةٌ and فَصَاحَةٌ is this: that the latter is an attribute of a single word and of speech and of the speaker; but the former is an attribute only of speech and the speaker: (Kull:) بلاغة in the speaker is A faculty whereby one is enabled to compose language suitable to the exigency of the case, i. e., to the occasion of speaking [or writing], with chasteness, or perspicuity, or eloquence, thereof: in language, it is suitableness to the exigency of the case, i. e., to the occasion of speaking [or writing], with chasteness or perspicuity, or eloquence, thereof. (KT.) 2 تَبْلِيغٌ and ↓ إِبْلَاغٌ [inf. ns. of بلّغ and ابلغ] signify The causing to reach, attain, arrive, or come; bringing, conveying, or delivering: (S, K, TA:) the former is the more common. (Er-Rághib, TA.) [You say, بلّغهُ المَكَانَ He caused him, or it, to reach, attain, arrive at, or come to, the place. And بلّغهُ مَقْصُودَهُ He caused him to attain his object of aim or endeavour &c.] and بَلَّغْتُ الرِّسَالَةَ [I brought, conveyed, or delivered, the message]. (S.) And بلّغهُ السَّلَامَ, (Msb,) and الخَبَرَ, (TA,) as also ↓ ابلغهُ, (Msb, TA,) He brought, conveyed, delivered, or communicated, to him the salutation, (Msb,) and he brought, &c., or told, to him the news, or information. (TA.) [and بَلَّغَنِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ He told me from such a one, or on the part of such a one, some piece of information, or that some event had happened, &c.]

A2: بلّغ الفَارِسُ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. تَبْلِيغٌ, (K,) The horseman stretched forth, or extended, his hand, or arm, with the rein of his horse, [or gave the rein to his horse,] in order that he might increase in his running. (S, A, K.) A3: بلّغ الشَّيْبُ فِى رَأْسِهِ Hoariness began to appear on his head; accord. to IAar; as also بلّع, with the unpointed ع: the Basrees assert that the former is a mistranscription; but it is related as heard from Th, by Aboo-Bekr Es-Soolee. (TA.) 3 بالغ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَالَغَةٌ (JK, K, &c.) and بِلَاغٌ, (K.) He exceeded the usual, or ordinary, or the just, or proper, bounds, or degree, in a thing; acted egregiously, or immoderately, or extravagantly, therein: (KL:) he strove, or laboured; exerted himself, or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability; employed himself vigorously, strenuously, laboriously, sedulously, earnestly, with energy or effectiveness; took pains, or extraordinary pains: (K, TA:) he did not fall short of doing what was requisite, or what he ought; did not flag, or was not remiss: (S, K, TA:) he exerted unsparingly his power or ability, or effort or endeavour, or the utmost thereof: (Msb:) he accomplished, or did, or attained, the utmost of his power or ability, or effort or endeavour; he did his utmost: (JK:) فِى أَمْرٍ [in an affair]: (S, K, TA:) or فِى كَذَا, meaning in the pursuit of such a thing. (Msb.) بالغ فِى كَذَا may be rendered as above, or He did such a thing much, exceedingly, egregiously, extraordinarily, immoderately, extravagantly, excessively, vehemently, energetically, superlatively, excellently, consummately, thoroughly. Hence مُبَالَغَةٌ in explanations of words; meaning Intensiveness; muchness; extraordinariness; excessiveness; vehemence; energy; emphasis; hyperbole; &c.; and sometimes, frequentative signification. Thus, إِسْمُ مُبَالَغَةٍ means A noun of intensiveness; or an intensive epithet: as شَكُورٌ

“ very thankful,” or “ very grateful; ” and حَمَّادٌ

“ a great praiser,” or “ a frequent praiser. ”]4 ابلغ, inf. n. إِبْلَاغٌ: see 2, in two places. [Hence,] ابلغ الأَمْرَ جَهْدَهُ [He brought his utmost power or ability, or effort or endeavour, to the performance, or accomplishment, of the affair]. (TA.) And أَبْلَغْتُ إِلَيْهِ i. e. فَعَلْتُ بِهِ مَا بَلَغَ بِهِ الأَذَى وَ المَكْرُوهَ [I did with him that which caused him to come to what was annoying, or hurtful, and evil]. (TA.) A2: See also 1, first sentence; where it is said that إِبْلَاغٌ is syn. with بُلُوغٌ; but this is app. a mistake.

A3: [مَا أَبْلَغَهُ, and أَبْلِغْ بِهِ, How eloquent is he !].5 تبلّغ المَنْزِلَ He constrained himself to reach, or attain, the place of abode, until, or so that, he did reach [it], or attain [it]. (K.) b2: تبلّغ بِهِ He was satisfied, or content, with it, (S, Msb, K,) and attained his desire [thereby]. (TA.) b3: تَبَلَّغَتْ بِهِ العِلَّةُ The disease, or malady, distressed him; afflicted him; became vehement, or severe, in him. (S, Z, Sgh, K.) 6 تبالغ الدِّبَاغُ فِى الجِلْدِ The tan attained its utmost effect in the skin. (AHn.) And تبالغ فِيهِ الهَّمُ, and المَرَضَ, Anxiety, or disquietude of mind, or grief, attained its utmost degree in him, and so disease, or the disease. (TA.) [This verb seems properly to signify It reached, or attained, by degrees.]

A2: تبالغ فِى كَلَامِهِ He affected eloquence (بَلَاغَة) in his speech, not being of those characterized thereby: [whence] one says, مَا هُوَ بِبَلِيغٍ

وَلٰكِنْ يَتَبَالِغُ [He is not eloquent, but he affects eloquence]. (TA.) بَلْغٌ: see what next follows, in three places: A2: and see بَالِغٌ, in two places: b2: and بَلِيغٌ, in two places.

اللّٰهُمَ سِمْعٌ لَا بِلْغٌ, and ↓ سَمْعٌ لَا بَلْغٌ, (Ks, Fr, S, K,) and ↓ سَمْعًا لَا بَلْغًا, (Ks, S, K,) and سِمْعًا لَا بِلْغًا, (K,) O God, may we hear of it (or may it be heard of, IB) but may it not be fulfilled; (Fr, S, K;) or, may it not reach us, or come to us: said on hearing of a displeasing, or hateful, or an evil, event: (L:) or on hearing tidings not pleasing to one: (Ks, S, K:) or on the coming of tidings not held to be true. (TA.) [See also art. سمع.]

A2: أَحْمَقُ بِلْغٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ بَلْغٌ, and ↓ بَلْغَةٌ, (K,) Stupid, or foolish, but, notwithstanding his stupidity, or foolishness, attaining his desire: (S, K:) or stupid, or foolish, in the utmost degree: (K, TA:) fem. حَمْقَآءُ بِلْغَةٌ. (TA.) b2: رَجُلٌ بِلْغٌ مِلْغٌ (S, * K) A man who is bad, evil, or wicked, (Fr, K,) in the utmost degree. (Fr, TA.) b3: See also بَلِيغٌ.

بِلَغٌ: see بَلِيغٌ.

بَلْغَةٌ: see بِلْغٌ.

بُلْغَةٌ A sufficiency of the means of subsistence, (T, S, Msb, K,) such that nothing remains over and above it: (T, Msb:) and simply a sufficiency; enough; (JK, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ بَلَاغٌ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) meaning a thing that suffices, or contents, and enables one to attain what he seeks; (TA;) and ↓ تَبَلُّغٌ. (JK, Msb, TA.) You say, فِى هٰذَا بُلْغَةٌ, and ↓ بَلَاغٌ, and ↓ تَبَلُّغٌ, In this is a sufficiency, or enough. (Msb, TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxi. 106], لِقَوْمٍ ↓ إِنَّ فِى هٰذَا لَبَلَاغًا عَابِدِينَ Verily in this is a sufficiency [for a people serving God]: (Bd, TA:) or a means of attaining the object sought after, or desired. (Bd.) بِلَغْنٌ: see بَلَاغَةٌ.

A2: Also A calumniator, or slanderer: (Kr, TA:) or one who conveys people's discourse to others. (TA.) البُلَغِينَ, (S,) or البِلَغِينَ, (JK,) or both, (K,) Calamity, misfortune, or disaster: (S, K:) or distress, or affliction. (JK.) Hence the saying of 'Áïsheh to 'Alee, (S, K,) when she was taken prisoner [by him], (S,) بَلَغْتَ مِنَّا البُلَغِينَ, (S, K,) and البِلَغِينَ, (K,) i. e., الدَّاهِيَةَ; meaning بَلَغْتَ

↓ مِنَّا كُلَّ مَبْلَغٍ [Thou hast distressed us, or afflicted us, in the utmost degree]: (K:) it is said to mean that the war harassed her, and distressed her in the utmost degree. (TA.) It is like البُرَحِينَ [and البِرَحِينَ] and الأَطْوَرِينَ; all meaning calamities, misfortunes, or disasters: (A'Obeyd, TA:) and is as though they said خَطْبٌ بِلَغٌ [and بُلَغٌ], meaning بَلِيغٌ, and then formed the pl. thus because they considered calamities [as personified, i. e.,] as rational beings having purpose, or design. (IAth, TA.) It is invariably thus, terminating with ى and ن: or one may say in the nom. case البُلَغُونَ, and in the accus. and gen. البُلَغِينَ. (O, K. *) You say also, بَلَغَ بِهِ البِلَغِينَ [lit. He caused him to come, i. e. he brought him, to calamity, misfortune, or disaster, or to distress, or affliction]; meaning he went to the utmost point in reviling him, and annoying him, or molesting him. (IAar, TA.) بَلَاغٌ is a subst. from تَبْلِيغٌ and إِبْلَاغٌ, meaning The bringing, conveyance, delivery, or communication, (S, K, &c.,) of a message [&c.]. (Jel in iii. 19, &c.) [It often occurs in the Kur as meaning The communication, or announcement, of what is revealed.] b2: In a trad., in which it is said, كُلُّ رَافِعَةٍ رَفَعَتْ إِلَيْنَا مِنَ البَلَاغِ, [in the CK رُفِعَتْ علينا,] it means What is communicated, or announced, (مَا بَلَغَ,) of the Kur-án and of the [statutes, or ordinances, &c., termed] سُنَن: or the meaning is, مِنْ ذَوِى البَلَاغِ, i. e., التَّبْلِيغِ, [of those who have the office of communicating, or announcing,] the simple subst. being put in the place of the inf. n.: (K, TA:) but some relate it differently, saying ↓ مِنَ البُلَّاغِ [of the communicators, or announcers,] like حُدَّاث in the sense of مُحَدِّثُون: (TA:) and some say, ↓ مِنَ البِلَاغِ, meaning مِنَ المُبَالِغِينَ فِى التَّبْلِيغِ, i. e. of those who do their utmost in communicating, or announcing. (Hr, K.) [See this trad. cited and explained more fully in the first paragraph of art. رفع.] b3: هٰذَا بَلَاغٌ لِلنَّاسِ, in the Kur [xiv. last verse], means This Kur-án contains a sufficient exposition, or demonstration, for men. (TA.) b4: See also بُلْغَةٌ, in three places.

بِلَاغٌ: see بَلَاغٌ.

بَلِيغٌ i. q. فَصِيحٌ [properly signifying Chaste in speech, but here meaning eloquent]; (S, * Msb, K;) sharp, or penetrating, or effective, in tongue; (Msb;) one who attains, by his speech, or diction, the utmost scope of his mind and desire; (K, * TA;) [possessing the faculty of بَلَاغَة; (see بَلُغَ;)] as also ↓ بَلْغٌ, and ↓ بِلْغٌ, and ↓ بِلَغٌ, and ↓ بَلضاغَى, like سَكَارَي, [in the CK like سُكَارَي,] and ↓ بُلَاغَي, like حُبَارَي: (K:) or ↓ بَلْغٌ signifies a man who does not commit mistakes often in his speech: (JK:) the pl. of بَلِيغٌ is بُلَغَآءُ. (TA.) Applied to a saying, [&c.,] it also signifies Effectual, or producing an effect. (Ksh and Bd and Jel in iv. 66.) b2: [Also Surpassing in any quality: and superlative.] It is also applied to a calamity or the like [as meaning Great, severe, distressing, or afflictive]. (IAth.) بَلَاغَةٌ i. q. فَصَاحَةٌ, [as meaning Eloquence; (see بَلُغَ, of which it is the inf. n.;)] (S, Msb, *) as also ↓ بِلَغْنٌ. (Seer, TA.) b2: And [the pl.] بَلَاغَاتٌ Slanders, or calumnies. (S, K.) بَلَاغَى and بُلَاغَى: see بَلِيغٌ.

بُلَّاغٌ: see بَلَاغٌ.

بَالِغٌ Reaching, attaining, arriving at, or coming to, a place [or time, or an affair or a state or an event that is meditated or intended or determined or appointed; reaching, &c., to the utmost point or degree: and sometimes, being at the point of reaching &c.: see 1, first sentence]. (TA.) Yousay also, ↓ جَيْشٌ بَلْغٌ, meaning بَالِغٌ [An army reaching, or arriving at, its appointed place]. (K, TA.) And ↓ أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ بَلْغٌ, i. e. بَالِغٌ, (S, K,) meaning [The decree of God] reacheth, or attaineth, its intended object: (K:) from the saying in the Kur [lxv. 3], إِنَّ اللّٰهَ بَالِغٌ أَمْرَهُ (S) Verily God attaineth his purpose. (Bd, Jel.) and بَالِغٌ فِى الحُمْقِ Reaching the utmost point, or degree, in stupidity, or foolishness. (TA.) and لَزِمَهُ ذٰلِكَ بَالِغًا مَا بَلَغَ: see 1: and see the sentence there next following it. (Msb.) أَيْمَانٌ بَالِغَةٌ, in the Kur lxviii. 39, means Firm covenants: (Jel:) or covenants confirmed by oaths in the utmost degree: (Bd:) or rendered obligatory for ever; sworn to, that they shall be constantly observed: or that have reached their utmost point: (Th, TA:) or يَمِينٌ بَالِغَةٌ means [an oath, or a covenant,] confirmed. (TA.) b2: Attaining, or having attained, to puberty, virility, ripeness, or maturity; applied to a boy: (T, IKoot, IKtt, Msb:) and in like manner, without ة, applied to a girl; (T, IAmb, Msb, K;) thus applied, with the mention of the noun qualified by it, by Esh-Sháfi'ee (T, Msb) and other chaste persons, of the Arabs; (T, TA;) or بَالِغَةٌ; (IKoot, Msb;) or the latter is also thus applied, with the mention of the noun which it qualifies, (T, Msb, K,) not being wrong because it is the original form; (T, TA;) and seems to be necessarily used when the noun which it qualifies is not mentioned, to prevent ambiguity. (Msb.) b3: A good, a goodly, or an excellent, thing. (S, K.) أَبْلَغُ [More, and most, effectual or efficacious: see بَلِيغٌ]. b2: ثَنَآءٌ أَبْلَغُ i. q. فِيهِ ↓ مُبَالَغٌ [Praise, or eulogy, or commendation, in which the usual, or ordinary, or the just, or proper, bounds are exceeded; such as is egregious, or immoderate, or extravagant; &c.: see 3]. (K.) تَبْلِغَةٌ A rope, or cord, with which the main well-rope (الرِّشَآء) is joined to [that which is called] the كَرَب: (K:) or a rope, or cord, that is joined to the رِشَآء so that it may reach the water: (Z, TA:) pl. تَبَالِغُ. (K.) b2: Also A thong that is wound upon the curved extremity of a bow, where the bow-string ends, three times, or four, in order that the bow-string may become firm, or fast. (AHn, TA.) تَبَلُّغٌ [an inf. n. (of 5, q. v.,) used as a subst.]: see بُلْغَةٌ, in two places.

مَبْلَغٌ [The place, and the time, which a person, or thing, reaches, attains, arrives at, or comes to: the utmost point to which, or towards which, one tends, or repairs, or betakes himself; to which one directs his course; or which one seeks, pursues, endeavours to reach, desires, intends, or purposes; whether it be a place, or a time, or any affair or state or event that is meditated or intended or determined or appointed: (see 1, first sentence:)] the utmost point, or scope, or degree, of knowledge [and of any attainment]: (Bd and Jel in liii. 31:) [the utmost degree of proficiency: a consummate degree of goodness and of any other quality: the age of puberty, virility, ripeness, or maturity: the sum, amount, or product, resulting from addition or multiplication: a sum of money: and particularly a considerable sum thereof: and] cash, or ready money, consisting of dirhems and of deenárs: in this sense, post-classical: pl. مَبَالِغُ. (TA.) You say, بَلَغَ فُلَانٌ مَبْلَغَهُ and مَبْلَغَتَهُ: and بَلَغَ فِى العِلْمِ المَبَالِغَ: and بَلَغَ فِى الجَوْدَةِ مَبْلَغًا, and مِنَ الجَوْدَةِ: for explanations of all which, see 1. And بَلَغْتَ مِنَّا كُلَّ مَبْلَغٍ: see البُلَغِينَ.

بَلَغَ فُلَانٌ مَبْلَغَتَهُ: see 1.

مُبَلِّغٌ One whose office it is, with other persons each of whom is thus called, to chant certain words, as the إِقَامَة &c., in a mosque. (See my “ Modern Egyptians, “ch. iii.)]

هُوَ مَبْلُوغٌ بِهِ [He is caused to reach, attain, arrive at, or come to, his appointed end, or term of life, (أَجَلَهُ, or the like, being understood,)] is said of the object of the phrase بَلَغَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ [which see, and the phrase next following it]. (TA.) ثَنَآءٌ مُبَالَغٌ فِيهِ: see أَبْلَغُ.

عجل

1 عَجِلَ, [aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَجَلٌ and عَجَلَةٌ, (S, * Mgh, O, * Msb, K, *) He hasted, hastened, made haste, or sped; he was, or became, hasty, speedy, quick, or expeditious; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تعجّل; (Mgh, Msb, K;) and ↓ عجّل, [app. for عجّل نَفْسَهُ,] inf. n. تَعْجِيلٌ; (K;) and ↓ استعجل; (Mgh, Msb;) or this last signifies he required himself to haste, &c., constraining, or tasking, himself to do so. (Sb, K.) [See also عَجَلٌ below.] One says, عَجِلْتُ لَهُ [I hasted, &c., to him, or it]. (O.) And عَجِلْتُ بِهِ [I was quick, or beforehand, with him]: see 4. (Mgh.) And عَجِلْتُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ I preceded, outwent, or got first, to the thing. (Msb.) b2: Also i. q. حَضَرَ [meaning It was, or became, present, or ready; said of a price, hire, payment, or the like; contr. of أَجِلَ]. (Msb.) b3: And عَجِلَ مِنْهُ He turned aside from him, or it. (TA.) A2: [It is also trans., as having, or implying, the meaning of سَبَقَ:] see 4.2 عجّلهُ, inf. n. تَعْجِيلٌ: see 4, in two places. b2: [It generally relates to some inanimate object.] It is said in the Kur [xxxviii. 15], رَبَّنَا عَجِّلْ لَنَا قِطَّنَا قَبْلَ يَوْمِ الحِسَابِ [O our Lord hasten to us our portion before the day of reckoning]: (TA:) accord. to some, our portion of punishment: but accord. to Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr, it means, of Paradise. (TA in art. قط.) And you say, عَجَّلْتُ إِلَيْهِ المَالَ I brought, or conveyed, hastily, or speedily, to him the property; or hastened its coming to him. (Msb.) And عَجَّلْتُ لَهُ مِنَ الثَّمَنِ كَذَا I paid him in advance, of the price, such a sum. (S, O.) And عَجَّلَهُ مِنَ الكِرَآءِ كَذَا He gave him in ready money, [or promptly, or quickly, or in advance,] of the hire, such a sum. (Mgh.) and عَجَّلَ لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He gave to him [in ready money, or promptly, or quickly, or in advance, the price]. (Mgh.) And عجّل نَقْدَهُ [He paid it in ready money, promptly, or quickly]. (ISk, S and K in art. زكأ.) And بِعْتُهُ تَعْجِيلًا بِتَعْجِيلٍ [I sold it, or I sold to him, present, or ready, merchandise, for present, or ready, money]. (S voce نَاجِزٌ, q. v.) And عَجَّلْتُ اللَّحْمَ, (S, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) I cooked the flesh-meat in haste. (S, O.) And ↓ لَوْ عَجَّلْتَ بِأَيِّمِكَ العَجُولَ, a prov., [which, app., is properly rendered Would that thou didst hasten, with thy husbandless woman, the early portion of food called عَجُول, or the right reading may be العِجَّوْلَ,] meaning عَجِّلْ بِهَا الزَّوَاجَ [(assumed tropical:) hasten thou, with her, i. e. with thy husbandless woman, marriage]. (TA.) One says also عَجَّلْتُمْ like as one says لَهَّنْتُمْ [i. e. Ye supplied, or fed, with the early portion of food called لُهْنَة; which is also called عَجُول, or عِجَّوْل, &c.]. (S, TA. [For لَهَّنْتُمْ, Golius appears to have read لَهَّيْتُمْ, which is evidently wrong.]) b3: عجّل أَقِطَهُ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ تعجّلهُ; He made his [preparation of dried curd called] اقط into what are termed عَجَاجِيل, (K, TA,) pl. of عُجَّالٌ: (TA:) or you say, عَجَّلْتُ أَقِطِى عَجَاجِيلَ [I made my اقط into عجاجيل]. (O.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.3 عاجلهُ [inf. n. مُعَاجَلَةٌ] i. q. بَادَرَهُ [He hastened, or made haste, or strove to be first or beforehand, in doing, or attaining, or obtaining, it]; (M and K in art. بدر;) namely, a thing. (M ibid.) And عاجل غَيْرَهُ إِلَيْهِ i. q. بَدَرَهُ اليه, (M and K in art. بدر,) like بَادَرَهُ اليه [He hastened with another, or vied or strove with him in hastening, to it, or to do, or attain, or obtain, it]. (M ibid.) b2: [Also He dealt hastily with him.] And عاجلهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He punished him for his sin, or crime, or offence, (أَخَذَهُ بِهِ,) not granting him any delay, (S, TA. [For بِذَنْبِهِ, Golius appears to have read بِذَنَبِهِ.]) 4 اعجلهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. إِعْجَالٌ; (TA;) and ↓ عجّلهُ, inf. n. تَعْجِيلٌ; (S, O, TA;) and ↓ تعجّلهُ; (S;) and ↓ استعجلهُ; (K, TA;) He incited, excited, urged, instigated, induced, or made, him to haste, hasten, make haste, speed, or be quick; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) and commanded, or bade, him, to haste, &c. (K.) One says, أَعْجَلَنِىفَعَجِلْتُ لَهُ [He incited me, &c., to haste, &c., and I hasted, &c., to him]. (O, TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xiii. 7], ↓ وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالسَّيِّئَةِ قَبْلَ الْحَسَنَةِ [And they incite thee to haste with that which is evil before that which is good]: and [in xxii. 46 and xxix. 53,] ↓ وَيَسْتَعْجِلُونَكَ بِالْعَذَابِ [And they incite thee to haste with the punishment]: (TA:) and بِنَفْسِهِ ↓ استعجل signifies He hastened himself. (MA.) b2: اعجلهُ signifies also [He incited him to haste, &c., by going before him: and hence it is expl. as meaning also] سَبَقَهُ [i. e. he preceded him, or it; he had, got, or took, precedence of him, or it; he was, or became, beforehand with him, or it; or he anticipated him, or it]; as also ↓ عجّلهُ; and ↓ استعجلهُ: (K:) or ↓ اِسْتَعْجَلْتُهُ signifies I went before him, or preceded him, (S, O, TA,) and so incited him to haste: (TA:) and أَمْرَ رَبِّكُمْ ↓ أَعَجِلْتُمْ, in the Kur [vii. 149], means أَسَبَقْتُمْ [i. e. Have ye anticipated the command of your Lord?]: (S, O:) or have ye left [the fulfilment of] the command of your Lord incomplete? (Ksh, Bd;) عَجِلَ being made to imply, (Ksh,) or as though it were made to imply, (Bd,) the meaning of سَبَقَ, wherefore it is made trans. like this latter verb; (Ksh, Bd;) the phrase meaning أَعَجِلْتُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِ رَبِّكُمْ. (Ksh.) وَمَا أَعْجَلَكَ عَنْ قَوْمِكَ, in the Kur [xx. 85, lit. And what caused thee to hasten from thy party?], means [virtually] كَيْفَ سَبَقْتَهُمْ [i. e. how is it that thou camest before thy party?]. (O.) b3: One says also, اعجل الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَقْتِهِ [He did the thing hastily, or hurriedly, before its time]. (O and K in art. غرض.) and اعجلهُ عَنْ إِدْرَاكِهِ [He made it, or did it, hastily, or hurriedly, or he hurried it, before, or so as to prevent, its becoming mature]. (S and K * in art. فطر.) And أَعْجَلْتُهُ عَنِ اسْتِلَالِ سَيْفِهِ i. e. ↓ عَجِلْتُ بِهِ [I was quick, or beforehand, with him, and] I flurried him, so that he could not draw his sword: whence the saying, رَأَى صَيْدًا فَرَكِبَ فَرَسَهُ وَأُعْجِلَ عَنْ حَرْبَتِهِ أَوْ سَوْطِهِ [He saw an animal of the chase, and he mounted his horse, or mare, and was incited by haste so as to be prevented from taking his dart or his whip]: and the saying, هَلَاكُ المَالِ

أَعْجَلَهُ عَنْ أَدَائِهَا, meaning مَنَعَهُ [i. e. The perishing of the cattle, or property, prevented, or precluded, him from paying it], namely, the زَكَاة [or poor-rate]; which is an instance of the extension of the signification. (Mgh.) b4: أَعْجَلَتْ said of the pregnant, (O,) or of a she-camel, (K,) [as though for اعجلت وَلَدَهَا,] She brought forth, (O,) or cast, (K,) her offspring before its maturity. (O, K.) b5: And اعجل said of palmtrees, (نَخْل,) They had ripe fruit before its full time. (Mgh.) b6: And, said of a camel, He leaped [up] when the rider had mounted him and had not yet become firmly seated upon him. (TA.) [See مُعْجِلٌ.]5 تَعَجَّلَ as intrans.: see 1, first sentence. b2: Hence, تعجّل الحَرُّ The heat came speedily, or quickly. (Mgh.) And تعجّل الثَّمَنُ [The price was, or became, given in ready money, or promptly, or quickly, or in advance]. (Msb in art. نض.) b3: And تعجّل الشَّىْءُ The thing came before its time. (W p. 83.) A2: تعجّل مِنَ الكِرَآءِ كَذَا (S, Mgh, O) He took, or received, in ready money, or promptly, or quickly, [or in advance,] of the hire, such a sum. (Mgh.) And تعجّل المَالَ He took, or received, promptly, or quickly, [or in advance,] the property. (Msb.) b2: تَعَجَّلْتُ الشَّىْءَ I constrained myself to do the thing in haste. (Ham p. 28.) b3: And تَعَجَّلْتُ خَرَاجَهُ I constrained him to hasten [the payment of] his [tax called] خراج. (TA.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: And see 2, near the end.10 إِسْتَعْجَلَ as intrans.: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اِسْتَعْجَلْتُهُ I desired, or required, or demanded, his hasting, or speeding, or being quick. (S, O.) And استعجل الشَّىْءَ He desired, or required, or demanded, the thing's being speedy, or quick, not waiting patiently until its time, or full time. (Ham p. 665.) See also 4, in six places.

عُجْلٌ: see عُجَالَةٌ.

عِجْلٌ A calf the young one of the بَقَرَة, (Aboo-Kheyreh, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) [both domestic and wild, which latter is a bovine antelope,] from the time when his mother brings him forth (Aboo-Kheyreh, Mgh, TA) until a month old; (Aboo-Kheyreh, Mgh, Msb, TA;) after which [accord. to some] he is called بَرْغَزٌ, when about two months old; and then he is called فَرْقَدٌ: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) or he is thus called while in the first year, then تَبِيعٌ, (S and Sgh and K in art. سلغ,) or, correctly, accord. to IB, he is called while in the first year عِجْلٌ and تَبِيعٌ, (TA in that art.,) then جَذَعٌ, then ثَنِىٌّ, then رَبَاعٍ, then سَدِيسٌ, then سَالِغُ سَنَةٍ and سَالِغُ سَنَتَيْنِ and so on: (S and Sgh and K ibid.:) the fem. is with ة: (Abu-l-Jarráh, S, O, Msb:) pl. of the masc. عِجَلَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) and عُجُولٌ (Msb, TA) and, of pauc., أَعْجِلَةٌ and أَعْجَالٌ; (IB, TA;) [and of the fem. عِجَلٌ;] but as to عِجَالٌ as a pl., [Mtr says,] I have not heard it: (Mgh:) and ↓ عِجَّوْلٌ signifies the same as عِجْلٌ; (S, Mgh, O, K;) fem. with ة; (TA;) and pl. عَجَاجِيلُ. (S, Mgh, O, K.) عَجَلٌ and ↓ عَجَلَةٌ, both inf. ns. of عَجِلَ [q. v.], (Mgh, Msb,) are Syn. with سُرْعَةٌ; (K;) contr. of بُطْءٌ: (S, O:) the latter is expl. by Th as signifying the seeking, and pursuing, or endeavouring after, a thing before its proper time, or season; and as proceeding from the desire of the soul; wherefore it is generally discommended in the Kur-án, so that it is said to be from the Devil. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxi. 38], خُلِقَ الْإِنْسَانُ مِنْ عَجَلٍ, meaning, it is said, Man is composed of haste; (O;) so says Fr, and in like manner says Aboo-Is-hák; (T, TA;) to denote the excess of this attribute in him: (T, O, TA:) or, accord. to Th, (TA,) the phrase is inverted, the meaning being, haste is created from man; (Msb, TA;) but IJ disapproves this explanation, and also another which will be mentioned in what follows. (TA.) A2: عَجَلٌ signifies also Food that is hastily prepared, and brought, before the [meal called] غَدَآء has become matured. (TA.) [See also عُجَّالٌ.]

A3: Also Clay, or earth; syn. طِينٌ: (IAar, O, K:) or black mud, or black fetid mud; syn. حَمْأَةٌ: and ↓ عَجَلَةٌ has both of these meanings, i. e. طِينٌ and حَمْأَةٌ: (O, * K:) the former of these two significations of عَجَلٌ is said by AO to be of the dial. of Himyer; and IAar says that it is what is meant in the phrase in the Kur [xxi. 38] cited above; but Ibn-'Arafeh disapproves this; (O, TA;) and so does Az; and Er-Rághib says that some expl. it as meaning in this instance stinking black mud, but that their saying is nought. (TA.) A4: See also عَجَلَةٌ, in four places.

عَجُلٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

عَجِلٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عَاجِلٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ عَجُلٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَجُولٌ (S, O) and ↓ عَجِيلٌ (K) and ↓ عَجْلَانُ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) Hasting, hastening, making haste, or speeding; [thus more properly the first and second, and often the last; the rest generally signifying] hasty, speedy, quick, or expeditious: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K:) pls., (K, TA,) all of ↓ عَجْلَانُ, (TA,) عَجَالَى and عُجَالَى and عِجَالٌ; (K, TA;) the first and last of which pls., as pls. of عَجْلَى [fem. of عَجْلَانُ], are applied to women (S, O, TA) also: (TA:) عَجِلٌ has no broken pl., nor has ↓ عَجُلٌ: (Sb, TA:) ISk says that, for the dim. of عَجِلٌ, they use ↓ عُجَيْلَانُ, as formed from عَجْلَانُ; though they also form it regularly, saying ↓ عُجَيْلٌ; but the former is the better. (O, TA.) عُجْلَةٌ: see عُجَالَةٌ.

عِجْلَةٌ fem. of عِجْلٌ [q. v.]. (Abu-l-Jarráh, S, O, Msb.) A2: Also A water-skin, or skin for water and for milk; syn. سِقَآءٌ: (S, O, K:) pl. عِجَلٌ and عِجَالٌ. (S, O.) b2: And A [water-wheel such as is called] دُولَاب: (IAar, O, K: [see also عَجَلَةٌ:]) pls. as above. (K.) A3: and A species of plant, (S, O, K, TA,) which extends along the ground, (TA,) also called وَشِيجٌ [q. v.]: (O, TA:) AHn says of the وشيج, on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád, it grows, at first, from one root, then branches forth upon the surface of the earth, in innumerable branches, every branch having a knot, or joint, (كَعْبٌ,) from which knot, or joint, grow other branches; it cleaves to the ground, not rising high; its leaves are like those of wheat; and while green, it is called عِجْلَة; (O;) and it is the best of pasture, and is not [what is termed] a بَقْل: (O, TA:) and it is said to be a tree having leaves and joints, or knots, (كُعُوب,) and pliant canes, [for قضب in my original, I read قَصَب, (see وَشِيجٌ,)] long, or elongated, with a fruit like the foot of the domestic fowl, contracted, which, when it dries up, opens; and not having any blossom. (TA.) See also عِجَالَةٌ.

عَجَلَةٌ: see عَجَلٌ, first sentence.

A2: Also [A cart, or wheeled carriage of any kind;] the thing, (S, O,) or آلَة [meaning آلَةُ حَمْلٍ

i. e. instrument of carriage], (K,) that is drawn along by the bull: (S, O, K:) said by Er-Rághib to be so called because of the quickness of its passing along: (TA:) pl. ↓ عَجَلٌ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.] and [pl. of pauc.] أَعْجَالٌ (S, O, K) and [of mult.] عِجَالٌ. (K.) b2: And Pieces of wood constructed, (K,) or a piece of wood, (Msb,) or a thing that is constructed like the [women's camel-vehicle called] مِحَفَّة, (Mgh,) upon which burdens are carried: (Mgh, Msb, * K:) pl. [or coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَجَلٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: And A [water-wheel such as is called] مَنْجَنُون (S, O) or دُولَاب (K) upon which water is drawn: (S, O: [see also عِجْلَةٌ:]) or a مَحَالَةٌ [app. meaning a great sheave of a pulley by means of which camels draw water]: (K:) pl. [or coll. gen. n.]

↓ عَجَلٌ. (S, O.) b4: And A piece of wood lying transversely, or horizontally, upon the نَعَامَة [or rather نَعَامَتَانِ or two posts] of the well, to which the large bucket is suspended: (El-Kilábee, S, O, K: [see زُرْنُوقٌ:]) pl. [or coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَجَلٌ. (TA.) b5: And A kind of ladder made from a palm-tree, like the نَقِير, (O, K,) which is the trunk of a palm-tree hollowed, and having the like of steps made in it: mentioned in a trad. as the means of ascending to an upper chamber. (O.) b6: And A small [leathern vessel for water such as is called an] إِدَاوَة: and some say, a [leathern water-bag such as is called] مَزَادَة. (TA.) b7: And i. q. كَارَةُ ثَوْبٍ [app. A garment made up into a bundle]: pl. عِجَالٌ and أَعْجَالٌ, by the rejection of the augmentative [ة in the sing.]. (TA.) b8: And A rock [that is as though] growing forth by itself upon rugged, elevated, hard ground. (AA, O.) b9: See also عَجَلٌ, latter half.

عَجْلَانُ: see عَجِلٌ, in two places. b2: [Hence,] قَوْسٌ عَجْلَى A bow of which the arrow is quick [in its flight]. (AHn, K.) b3: And أُمُّ عَجْلَانَ A certain bird, (S, O, K,) black, but white in the base of the tail, that moves about its tail much, or often; also called الفَتَّاحُ. (O.) b4: and العَجْلَانُ is [a name of The month] شَعْبَانُ: so called because of the quickness of its passing away and coming to an end; (L, K; [in the latter of which, in some copies, وَنَفَاذِهِ is erroneously put for وَنَفَاذِهِ;]) i. e. because of its seeming short on account of the fast that follows it. (L.) عَجُولٌ: see عَجِلٌ. b2: Also A she camel distracted, or confounded, or perplexed, having lost her young one; (S, O, K; *) because of her quickness in her motions, (K, TA,) i. e. in her coming and going, (TA,) by reason of impatience: (K, TA:) and a woman bereft of her child: pl. عُجُلٌ, (O, K,) and, accord. to the K, عَجَائِلُ, but correctly ↓ مَعَاجِلُ, as in the L, an anomalous pl. (TA.) b3: And العَجُولُ signifies Death, or the decree of death; syn. المَنِيَّةُ: (AA, K, TA:) because it [often] hurries him whom it befalls so as to prevent him from reaching his family. (TA.) b4: See also عُجَّالٌ: and see a phrase in the latter half of the second paragraph of this art. عَجِيلٌ: see عَجِلٌ.

عُجَيْلٌ a dim. of عَجِلٌ, q. v. (O, TA.) b2: See also عُجَّالٌ.

عُجَالَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عِجَالَةٌ (O, K) and ↓ عُجْلٌ and ↓ عُجْلَةٌ (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) A thing that one takes hastily, or quickly: (S, O, K:) and the first, [or all,] the rider's provision of food whereof the eating does not fatigue, as dates, and meal of parched barley; (Meyd, TA;) because he desires its readiness, for the journeying hurries him so as to prevent his having food prepared with pains: (TA:) and hasty provision for a guest. (Har p. 84.) One says, التَّمْرُ عُجَالَةُ الرَّاكِبِ [Dates are the hastily-taken food of the rider]: (S, O:) and so, الثَّيِّبُ [q. v.]; (S, O;) which is a prov., (S,) said by A'Obeyd to be used in urging one to be content with a little of what is wanted when much thereof is unattainable. (Meyd.) b2: Also, the same four words, The milk which the مُعَجِّل [q. v.] draws; and so ↓ إِعْجَالَةٌ: (K:) or this last signifies the milk (S, O, TA) of his camels (TA) which the pastor hastens to bring (S, O, TA) to his family before the [fresh] milking, (S, O,) or when his camels return from the water; and its pl. is إِعْجَالَاتٌ: (TA:) and عُجَالَةٌ signifies the milk which the pastor carries from the place of pasture to the owners of the sheep or goats before the sheep or goats return; this being done only when there is abundance of milk. (IAth, O, TA.) عِجَالَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also A certain plant: (K, TA:) said to be the ↓ عِجْلَة mentioned above. (TA.) عُجَيْلَةٌ: see what next follows.

عُجَيْلَى A certain quick pace; (As, O, K;) as also ↓ عُجَيْلَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ عُجَّيْلَى, mentioned, and thus written, by Ibn-Wellád, like سُمَّيْهَى. (TA.) عُجَيْلَانُ an anomalous dim. of عَجِلٌ, q. v. (O, TA.) عُجَّالٌ and ↓ عِجَّوْلٌ A thing with which one hastes [i. e. an early portion of food that one eats] before the [morning-meal called] غَدَآء; i. q. لُهْنَةٌ; (Th, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ عَجُولٌ; (K, TA;) or, some say, it is [correctly] عِجَّوْلٌ, as above; (TA;) so too ↓ عُجَيْلٌ: (K:) or this last signifies food that is presented to a party before a preparation has been made for them. (IDrd, O, K.) [See also عَجَلٌ.] b2: Also (i. e. عُجَّالٌ and ↓ عِجَّوْلٌ) A كَفّ [or cake of the length and thickness of the hand] of حَيْس [or dates mixed and kneaded with clarified butter and with the preparation of dried curd called أَقِط, &c.], (K, TA, accord. to several copies of the K جُمَّاعُ كَفٍّ [which means the same],) or of dates [alone], which is eaten in haste: (K:) or (K, TA, in some copies of the K “ and ”) a handful of dates kneaded with سَوِيق [or meal of parched barley or wheat], (ISh, O, K, the last in two places,) or with أَقِط: (ISh, O:) pl. عَجَاجِيلُ: (TA:) which signifies [also] certain things of أَقِط, made in a long form, of the thickness of the hand, (ISh, O, K,) and of the length thereof, like the عَجَاجِيل of dates and حَيْس; one of which is called عُجَّالٌ. (ISh, O.) عِجَّوْلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

A2: And see also عِجْلٌ.

عُجَّيْلَى: see عُجَيْلَى.

عَاجِلٌ: see عَجِلٌ. [Also Fleeting; quickly transitory.] b2: And Present; ready; (Msb;) not delayed; (PS;) [applied to a price, hire, payment, or the like;] contr. of آجِلٌ; (S, O, K;) as applied to anything. (K.) عَاجِلٌ بِعَاجِلٍ

[Ready merchandise with ready money] is like نَاجِزٌ بِنَاجِزٍ, and يَدٌ بِيَدٍ. (TA in art. نجز.) b3: And hence, [or because fleeting, or quickly transitory,] العَاجِلَةُ signifies The present hour or time: (Msb:) and the present dwelling, abode, world, life, or state of existence: (TA:) contr. of الآجِلَةُ, (S, O, TA,) in relation to anything. (TA.) أَعْجَلُ [More, and most, hasty, speedy, quick, or expeditious: and more, and most, fleeting, or short-lived]. They say, in relation to the affecting of hardiness, or strength, and endurance, and to soundness of body, لَيْتَنِى وَفُلَانًا يُفْعَلُ بِنَا كَذَا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ الأَعْجَلُ [Would that such a thing might be done to me and such a one until the more short-lived die]. (O.) إِعْجَالَةٌ: see عُجَالَةٌ, last sentence.

أَعَاجِلُ [mentioned by Freytag, on the authority of the Deewán of the Hudhalees, as a pl. derived by some from عِجْلٌ, and signifying Little ones (“ parvi ”)].

مُعْجَلٌ A young camel brought forth before the completion of the year, and living. (K.) مُعْجِلٌ and ↓ مُعَجِّلٌ and ↓ مِعْجَالٌ A she-camel that brings forth before the completion of the year, and whose young one lives: (K:) or مُعْجِلَةٌ and ↓ مِعْجَالٌ signify the pregnant that brings forth her young before its full time: (O:) or مُعْجِلَةٌ signifies a she-camel that casts her young prematurely: (TA:) and مُعْجِلٌ applied to a بَقَرَة [meaning a cow, either domestic or wild, the latter being a bovine antelope], (S, O, Msb, K,) having a calf, (S, Msb, K,) or having her calf with her. (O.) b2: Also [i. e. the three epithets first mentioned], A she-camel that leaps [up] when the foot is put in her stirrup; as also مُعْجِلَةٌ: (K:) or thus this last word: (O:) or ↓ مِعْجَالٌ is so applied, like مُعْجِلَةٌ; and is in like manner applied to a he-camel; meaning that rises and leaps &c. as above. (TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or ↓ مِعْجَالٌ [only], (TA,) A palm-tree that matures its fruit on the first occasion of its bearing. (K, TA.) مُعَجِّلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Also One who brings to his family the إِعْجَالَة (S, O) or عُجَالَة [q. v.]; (K;) as also ↓ مُتَعَجِّلٌ: (S, O, K:) or one who brings the إِعْجَالَة from the camels pasturing at a distance from their owners. (TA.) b3: And The pastor who milks the camels once while they are in the pasture. (K.) مِعْجَالٌ: see مُعْجِلٌ, in four places. b2: Also sing. of مَعَاجِيلٌ (A, TA) which means, The مُخْتَصَرَات [i. e. nearer, or nearest, (in art. خصر erroneously written مُخْتَصِرَات,)] of the roads, or ways. (A, O, K, TA.) One says also, أَخَذْتُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ ↓ مُسْتَعْجِلَةً (O, K, in the CK مُسْتَعْجَلَةً,) [I took a short cut,] and هٰذِهِ الطَّرِيقِ ↓ مُسْتَعَجِلَاتُ [These are the short cuts]: both denote nearness and shortness. (O, K.) مَعَاجِلُ an anomalous pl. of عَجُولٌ, q. v. (L, TA.) مُتَعَجِّلٌ: see مُعَجِّلٌ.

مُسْتَعْجِلَةٌ and its pl.: see مِعْجَالٌ. b2: المُسْتَعْجِلَةُ is a name of A certain plant that fattens women; also called العُرُوقُ البِيضُ. (K in art. عرق.)

ظهر

1 ظَهَرَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) [It was, or became, outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence,] it appeared; became apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) after having been concealed, or latent: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ تظاهر signifies the same. (Har p. 85.) Hence the phrase ظَهَرَ لِى رَأْىٌ (assumed tropical:) [An idea, or opinion, occurred to me], said when one knows what he did not know before. (Msb.) [And هٰذَا مَا يَظْهَرُ لِى (assumed tropical:) This is what appears to me to be the case, or to be the right way or course; or this is my opinion.] ظَهَرَ الحَمْلُ, inf. n. as above, means Pregnancy became apparent, or manifest: it is said that this is not the case in less than three months. (Msb.) and it is said in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, كَانَ يُصَلِّى العَصْرَ فِى حُجْرَتِى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ i. e. [He used to perform the prayer of the afternoon in my chamber] before it (meaning the sun) became high and apparent: (TA:) or وَالشَّمْسُ فِى حُجْرَتِى لَمْ تَظْهَرْ بَعْدُ i. e. [when the sun was in my chamber,] it not having risen high so as to be on the flat roof [thereof]: referring to the Prophet. (O. [But العَصْرَ must be a mistranscription for الفَجْرَ, i. e. the prayer of the dawn.]) The saying in the Kur [xxiv. 31], وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا [which is app. best rendered And that they discover not their ornature except what is external thereof] has been expl. in seven different ways, most correctly as meaning the clothes: (O, TA:) accord. to 'Áïsheh, it means the bracelet (القُلْب) and the ring (الفَتَخَة): and accord. to I'Ab, the hand and the signet-ring and the face. (TA.) b2: Also He went forth, or out, (Mgh, TA,) to the outside of a place. (O, TA.) b3: And He (a bird) migrated, or went down, from one country or region to another: used in this sense by AHn in relation to the vulture, migrating to Nejd. (L.) b4: ظَهَرَ عَنْهُ, said of a vice, or fault, (O, TA,) or a disgrace, (JK, A, O,) (tropical:) It did not cleave to him; (A, O, TA;) it was remote from him; (TA;) it quitted him, or departed from him. (JK.) b5: ظَهَرْتُ بِهِ, (O, TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) I gloried, or boasted, by reason of it. (O, K * TA.) [Respecting a meaning assigned to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ in the K, see 4.] b6: أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ أُكْلَةً

ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ظَهْرَةً means (assumed tropical:) [The man ate some food] in consequence of which] he became fat. (TA.) A2: ظَهَرَهُ He mounted it; went, or got, upon it, or upon the top of it; (S, A, * Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ; (O;) namely, a house, (S,) or a house-top, (A, Mgh, O,) and a mountain, (A,) and a wall; (O, Msb;) properly, he became upon its back: (Mgh:) and [in like manner] one says, فُلَانٌ نَجْدًا ↓ ظَهَّرَ, inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ, Such a one mounted, or went up, upon the high region (ظَهْر) of Nejd. (O.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and بِهِ, (K,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ (Bd in xxiv. 31) and ظَهْرٌ also, (Ham p. 301,) He overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, or mastered, him; gained the mastery or victory, or prevailed, over him; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) namely, his enemy; (Msb;) and in like manner, [he conquered, won, achieved, or attained, it, i. e.] a thing. (O, TA.) [The saying فُلَانٌ لَا يَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ is expl. in the L and TA by the words اى لا يَسْلَم, and said to be tropical: but Ibr D thinks that the correct reading is لا يُسَلِّمُ, from التَّسْلِيمُ; and that it is said of one who will not give up, or resign, what is in his hand; so that the meaning is, (tropical:) Such a one is a person whom no one will overcome in respect of that which he holds in his possession.] b3: And [hence also] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (TA,) He knew, became acquainted with, or got knowledge of, him, or it. (Msb, TA.) So in the Kur xxiv. 31, وَالطِّفْلُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَآءِ [And the young children] who have not attained knowledge of the عورات, (Bd, Jel,) meaning [pudenda, or] parts between the navel and the knee, (Jel,) of women, by reason of their want of discrimination: (Bd:) or (tropical:) who have not attained to the generative faculty; (O, Bd, * TA;) from الظُّهُورُ in the sense of الغَلَبَةُ. (Bd.) So too in the Kur [xviii. 19], إِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ If they get knowledge of you. (O, TA.) b4: And [hence] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Fr, A, O, TA,) and ↓ استظهرهُ, (S, A, O, K,) (tropical:) He knew it, or learned it, by heart; namely, the Kur-án; (A, O, TA;) and he recited it by heart: (A, * TA; and so in the S and O in explanation of the latter:) or [simply] he recited it by heart; namely, the Kur-án; as also ↓ اظهرهُ: (O, K, TA:) in the copies of the K we find أَظْهَرْتُ عَلَى القُرْآنِ and أَظْهَرْتُهُ; but the former is a mistake for ظَهَرْتُ, aor. ـَ (TA.) A3: For another signification of ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, see 3.

A4: ظَهَرَ بِحَاجَتِى, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ; (TK;) and ↓ ظهّرها, (K, TA,) in some copies of the K ظَهَرَهَا; (TA;) and ↓ اظهرها, (K,) inf. n. إِظْهَارٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اِظَّهَرَهَا, (K,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ; (TA;) (tropical:) He held the object of my want in little, or light, estimation, or in contempt; (S, A;) [lit.] he put it behind [his] back; (S, K;) as though he put it away, [out of his sight,] and paid no regard to it. (S, TA.) One says also, يَظْهَرُونَ بِهِمْ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتُونَ

إِلَى أَرْحَامِهِمْ [They hold them in contempt, and do not pay any regard to their ties of relationship]. (S.) b2: See also 10, in three places.

A5: ظَهَرَهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) He struck, or smote, (TA,) or hit, or hurt, (O, K,) his back. (O, K, TA.) A6: ظَهِرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ظَهَرٌ, (O, K,) He (a man, S, O) had a complaint of his back. (S, O, K.) A7: ظَهُرَ, (JK, O, L,) or ظَهَرَ, (K, [but this is app. a mistranscription,]) inf. n. ظَهَارَةٌ, (S, O, L, K,) said of a camel, (JK, S, O,) He was, or became, strong (JK, S, O, L, K) in the back. (L, K.) 2 ظَهَّرَ see 1, near the middle: b2: and again, in the last quarter: b3: and see also 3. b4: ظهّر الثَّوْبَ [and ↓ اظهرهُ, contr. of بطّنهُ and ابطنهُ,] He faced the garment, or piece of cloth; put a facing, or an outer covering, (ظِهَارَة,) to it. (TA.) A2: See also 4, last sentence.3 ظاهرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُظَاهَرَةٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He aided, or assisted, him; (S, A, O, Msb;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ. (Th, K.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, against him. (TA.) b2: ظاهر بِهِ: see 10. b3: ظاهر بَيْنَهُمَا, (K,) i. e. (TA) بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ, (S, A, Mgh, TA,) and دِرْعَيْنِ, (A, Mgh, TA,) and نَعْلَيْنِ, (TA,) i. q. طَارَقَ بَيْنَهُمَا, (S, TA,) or طَابَقَ, (A, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) He put them on, or attired himself with them, [namely, two garments, and two coats of mail, and two sandals or soles, or rather, when relating to two soles, he sewed them together,] one over, or outside, the other: (Mgh, TA:) app. from تَظَاهُرٌ in the sense of “ mutual aiding or assisting. ” (IAth.) The phrase ظاهر بِدِرْعَيْنِ requires consideration; and the ب in it should be regarded as meant to denote conjunction; not as a part of the necessary complement of the verb. (Mgh.) ظاهر الدِّرْعَ is said to signify لَأَمَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ [app. meaning He folded over and fastened one part of the coat of mail upon another]. (TA.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ جِلَالًا means He threw upon him (i. e. a horse) housings or coverings [one over another]. (TA in art. حنذ.) A2: ظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. ظِهَارٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and مُظَاهَرَةٌ; (JK, TA;) and مِنْهَا ↓ تظاهر, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) and ↓ اِظَّاهَرَ; (Mgh;) and منها ↓ تظهّر, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ اِظَّهَّرَ; (O, TA;) and منها ↓ ظهّر, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ; (S;) signify the same; (O;) He said to his wife أَنْتِ عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّى

[Thou art to me like the back of my mother]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) [as though he said رُكُوبُكِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ;] meaning رُكُوبُكِ لِلنِّكَاحِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ كَرُكُوبِ أُمِّى لِلنِّكَاحِ; the back being specified in preference to the بَطْن or فَخِذ or فَرْج because the woman is likened to a beast that is ridden, and the act of نِكَاح to that of رُكُوب: the phrase being a form of divorce used by the Arabs in the Time of Ignorance. (Msb, * TA.) In the Kur lviii. 2 [and 4], some read ↓ يَظَّهَّرُونَ; some

↓ يَظَّاهَرُونَ; and 'Ásim read يُظَاهِرُونَ. (Bd.) The verb is made trans. by means of مِن because the man who uttered this sentence estranged himself from his wife. (IAth.) 4 اظهرهُ He made it apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; he showed, exhibited, manifested, displayed, discovered, revealed, or evinced, it; or put it forth: (S, O, K:) [it is also used in relation to a saying, and an action, and the like, as meaning it showed, &c., as above, or it bespoke, it:] and Mtr relates his having heard from one worthy of reliance of the people of Baghdád, that they say ↓ تظاهرتُ بِهِ in the place of أَظْهَرْتُهُ, and scarcely ever employ اظهر in its usual sense. (Har p. 85.) [Hence, اظهر التَّضْعِيفَ He made the doubling of a letter distinct; as in لَحِحَتْ; which, accord. to a general rule, should be لَحَّتْ: opposed to أَدْغَمَ. And اظهر لَهُ كَذَا He showed, &c., to him such a thing: and he made a show of, professed, pretended, or feigned, to him such a thing: as, for instance, love.] b2: أَظْهَرْتُ بِفُلَانٍ means أَعْلَيْتُ بِهِ [a phrase which I have not found except in this instance, app. I elevated, or exalted, such a one: like أَعْلَيْتُهُ, which has this meaning]: (S, IKtt, L, TA:) or أَعْلَنْتُ بِهِ [app. meaning I made such a one to be, or become, publicly known]: (So in the O:) [but the former explanation seems to be regarded by SM as the right; for he remarks that,] accord. to all the copies of the K, the explanation is أَعْلَنَ بِهِ, and refers to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ

[instead of أَظْهَرَ]; so that what its author says in this case differs in two points of view from what is found in the “ Kitáb el-Abniyeh ” of IKtt, in which the ى in أَعْلَيْتُ has been marked as correct, and in the L [as well as in the S]. (TA.) A2: اظهرهُ اللّٰهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ means God made him to overcome, conquer, subdue, overpower, master, gain the victory over, or prevail over, his enemy. (S, A, O, TA.) b2: And [hence] اظهرهُ عَلَيْهِ He (God) made him to know it, or become acquainted with it: you say, أَظْهَرَنِى اللّٰهُ عَلَى مَا سُرِقَ مِنِّى God made me to know [or discover] what had been stolen from me. (TA.) A3: See also 1, last quarter, in two places.

A4: And see 2.

A5: اظهر signifies also He entered upon the time called the ظَهِيرَة: (A, Msb, K:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (Msb.) And He went, or journeyed, in the time called the ظَهِيرَة; as also ↓ ظهّر, (K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ: (TA:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (S, O.) 5 تظهّر and اِظَّهَّرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.6 تَظَاْهَرَ see 1, first sentence: b2: and see also 4, first sentence. b3: تظاهروا They aided, or assisted, one another. (S, O, * K.) And تظاهروا عَلَى فُلَانٍ

They leagued together, and aided one another, against such a one. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. ضفر.) b4: Also They regarded, or treated, one another with enmity, or hostility; or severed themselves, one from another: (S, Msb, K:) as though they turned their backs, one upon another: (S:) or, because they who do so turn their backs, one upon another. (Msb.) Thus the verb has two contr. meanings. (K.) b5: تظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ and اِظَّاهَرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.8 اِظَّهَرَ: see 1, last quarter.10 استظهر بِهِ He sought aid, or assistance, in, or by means of, him, or it, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) عَلَيْهِ [against him, or it]; as also استظهرهُ. (TA.) [In the CK, after the explanation of استظهر به, is an omission, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ.] One says, استظهر بِالْغِنَى عَلَى النَّوَائِبِ [He sought aid in wealth against calamities, or afflictions]. (Msb.) And بِهِ ↓ ظاهر signifies the same as استظهر [in this sense or in another of the senses expl. in what follows]. (TA.) b2: and استظهرتُ بِالشَّىْءِ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرْتُ, and ↓ ظَهَرْتُهُ, I put the thing behind my back for protection, or security. (Har p. 265.) b3: And استظهر He prepared for himself a camel, or two camels, or more, for future need: (T:) and استظهرهُ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ, He prepared him, namely, a camel, for future need: (K:) and استظهر بِبَعِيرَيْنِ ظِهْرِيَّيْنِ He prepared for himself two camels for future need. (T. [See ظِهْرِىٌّ.]) b4: Hence, (T,) استظهر signifies also He used precaution (T, Msb) with respect to anything: (T:) he secured himself, (اِسْتَوْثَقَ,) by using precaution; as, for instance, a woman does by remaining three days, before she performs the ablution termed غُسْل, and prays, after the usual period of the menses. (T, L.) One says, يُسْتَحَبُّ الاِسْتِظْهَارُ بِغَسْلَةٍ ثَانِيَةٍ

وَثَالِثَةٍ The using precaution by a second and a third washing, to make sure of being pure, is approved. (Er-Ráfi'ee, Msb.) And استظهرتُ فِى طَلَبِ الشَّىْءِ I adopted the most fit, or proper, way, and used precaution, in seeking to attain the thing. (Msb.) b5: See also 1, in the middle of the latter half.

ظَهْرٌ The back; contr. of بَطْنٌ: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) in a man, from the hinder part of the كَاهِل [or base of the neck] to the nearest part of the buttocks, where it terminates: (TA:) in a camel, the part containing six vertebræ on the right and left of which are [two portions of flesh and sinew called the] مَتْنَانِ: (AHeyth, T, O:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَظْهُرٌ, and [of mult.] ظُهُورٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ. (Msb, K.) b2: رَجُلٌ خَفِيفُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) A man having a small household to maintain: and ثَقِيلُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) having a large household to maintain. (K, * TA.) b3: أَنْت عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ

أُمِّى Thou art to me like the back of my mother: said by a man to his wife. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) [This has been expl. above: see 3.] b4: عَدَا فِى

ظَهْرِهِ (tropical:) He stole what was behind him: (A:) [or he acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind him: for] لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the words عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. means (tropical:) A thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O, K.) b5: أَقْرَانُ الظَّهْرِ (S, O, K) and الظُّهُورِ (O, TA) Adversaries who come to one from behind his back, in war, or fight. (S, O, K, * TA.) In the copies of the K, يُحِبُّونَكَ is erroneously put for يَجِيؤُونَكَ. (TA.) You say also, فُلَانٌ قِرْنُ الظَّهْرِ Such a one is an adversary who comes to one from behind, unknown. (IAar, As.) b6: قَتَلَهُ ظَهْرًا He slew him unexpectedly; he assassinated him; syn. غِيلَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b7: جَعَلَنِى بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He cast me off. (TA.) And جَعَلتُ حَاجَتَهُ بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) I cast his want behind my back: (AO, K:) and ↓ جَعَلَهَا ظِهْرِيَّةً signifies the same: (S:) and ↓ اِتَّخَذَهَا ظِهْرِيًّا, (K,) and ↓ ظِهْرِيَّةً: (TA:) or the former of the last two phrases signifies he held it in contempt; as though ظهريّا were an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) or ↓ اِتَّخَذَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he neglected, or forgot, (S, O, * Msb,) him, as in the Kur xi. 94, (S, O,) or it, namely, what was said. (Msb.) And لَا تَجْعَلْ حَاجَتِى

بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) Forget not thou, or neglect not, my want: (S:) and ↓ جَعَلَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he forgot it; as well as جعله بِظَهْرٍ. (A.) And جَعَلْتُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ بِظَهْرٍ, and رَمَيْتُهُ بِظَهْرٍ, (tropical:) I cared not for this thing. (Th, O.) b8: فُلَانٌ مِنْ وَلَدِ الظَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is of those who do not belong to us: or of those to whom no regard is paid: (TA:) or of those who are held in contempt, and to whose ties of relationship no regard is paid. (S, TA.) b9: هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ ظَهْرًا (tropical:) [He is his cousin on the father's side,] distantly related: contr. of دِنْيًا [and لَحًّا]. (As, A, O, TA.) b10: رَجَعَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ [He receded, retired, or retreated]. (K in art. ثبجر.) b11: هُوَ نَازِلٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِمْ, and ↓ بين ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, (S, A, O, Msb, K, *) in which latter the ا and ن are said by some to be added for corroboration, (Msb,) and for which one should not say ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ, (IF, S, O, Msb, K,) and بين أَظْهُرِهِمْ, (Msb, K,) (tropical:) He is making his abode in the midst of them; in the main body of them: (K, TA:) originally meaning he is making his abode among them for the purpose of seeking aid of them and staying himself upon them: as though it meant that the back of one of them was before him, and that of another behind him, so that he was defended in either direction: afterwards, by reason of frequency of usage, it came to be employed to signify abiding among a people absolutely. (IAth, Msb.) You say also هُوَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, meaning It (anything) is in the midst, or main part, of it, namely, another thing. (TA.) b12: لَقِيتُهُ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَيْنِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) (tropical:) I met him during the day, (Msb,) or during the two days, (S, O, K,) or during the three days, (K,) or the days: (S, O, Msb:) from the next preceding phrase. (TA.) And أَتَيْتُهُ مَرَّةً بَيْنَ الظَّهَرْينِ (tropical:) I came to him one day: or, accord. to Aboo-Fak'as, on a day between two years. (Fr.) And اللَّيْلِ ↓ رَأَيْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) I saw him between nightfall and daybreak. (TA.) and النَّهَارِ ↓ جِئْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) [I came to him between the beginning and end of the day]. (A.) b13: تَقَلَّبَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (assumed tropical:) It turned over and over, or upside down, (lit. back for belly,) as a serpent does upon ground heated by the sun. (S and TA in art. قلب.) [Hence,] قَلَبْتُ الأَرْضَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (tropical:) [I turned the earth over, upside-down]. (A.) And [hence,] قَلَّبَ أَمْرَهُ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ, (O, * TA,) and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنٍ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنِهِ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِلْبَطْنِ, which last form is preferred by El-Farezdak to the second, because [as in the third form] the second of the two words is determinate like the first word, (tropical:) He meditated, or managed, the affair with forecast, and well. (O, * TA.) b14: The Arabs used to say, هٰذَا ظَهْرُ السَّمَآءِ and هذا بَطْنُ السَّمَآءِ, both meaning (tropical:) This is the apparent, visible, part of the sky. (Fr, Az.) And the like is said of the side of a wall, which is its بَطْن to a person on the same side, and its ظَهْر to one on the other side. (Az.) b15: مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ آيَةٌ إِلَّا لَهَا ظَهْرٌ وَبَطْنٌ, [part of] a saying of Mohammad, [of which see the rest voce مُطَّلَعٌ,] means (assumed tropical:) Not a verse of the Kur-án has come down but it has a verbal expression and an interpretation: (K, * TA:) or a verbal expression and a meaning: or that which has an apparent and a known [or an exoteric] interpretation and that which has an intrinsic [or esoteric] interpretation: (TA:) or narration (K, TA) and admonition: (TA:) or [it is to be read and to be understood and taught; for] by the ظهر is meant the reading; and by the بطن, the understanding and teaching. (TA.) [See also بَطْنٌ.] b16: ظَهْرٌ signifies also (tropical:) Camels on which people ride, and which carry goods; (S, * A, * O, K, * TA;) camels that carry burdens upon their backs in journeying: (TA:) [or] a beast: or a camel for riding: (Mgh:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Arfajeh, فَتَنَاوَلَ السَّيْفَ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ And he reached, or took in his hand, the sword from the camels for carrying burdens and for riding: and in another, أَتَأْذَنُ لَنَا فِى نَحْرِ ظَهْرِنَا Dost thou permit us to slaughter our camels which we ride? (TA.) And one says also, هُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He is determined upon travel: (K:) as though he had already mounted a beast for that purpose. (TA.) b17: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) Property consisting of camels and sheep or goats: (TA:) or much property. (K, TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) The short side [or lateral half] of a feather: (S, O, K:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ: (S, M, K, TA, &c.:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, sing. of بُطْنَانٌ, (TA,) which latter signifies the “ long sides: ” (S, TA:) and ↓ ظُهَارٌ signifies the same as ظَهْرٌ, (K,) or the same as ظُهْرَانٌ, being an irregular pl.; and this is meant by the saying الظُّهَارُ بِالضَّمِ الجَمَاعَةُ, mentioned in a later place in the K [in such a manner as to have led to the supposition that ظُهَارٌ is also syn. with جَمَاعَةٌ]: (TA:) AO says that among the feathers of arrows are the ظُهَار, which are those that are put [upon an arrow] of the ظَهْر [or outer side] of the عَسِيب [app. here meaning the shaft] of the feather; (S, TA;) i. e., the shorter side, which is the best kind of feather; as also ظُهْرَان: sing. ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) ISd says that the ظُهْرَان are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are exposed to the sun and rain: (TA:) Lth says that the ظُهَار are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are apparent. (O, TA.) One says, رِشْ سَهْمَكَ بِظُهْرَانٍ وَلَا تَرِشْهُ بِبُطْنَانٍ

[Feather thine arrow with short sides of feathers, and feather it not with long sides of feathers]. (S, TA.) [De Sacy supposes that ظُهُورٌ and بُطُونٌ are also pls. of ظَهْرٌ and بَطْنٌ thus used: (see his “ Chrest. Arabe,” sec. ed., tome ii., p.

374:) but his reasons do not appear to me to be conclusive.] ↓ ظُهَارٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ are also used as epithets: you say, رِيشٌ ظُهَارٌ and رِيشٌ ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) b19: [ظَهْرُ الكَفِّ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The back of the hand. And in like manner, ظَهْرُ القَدَمِ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The upper, or convex, side, or back, of the human foot, corresponding to the back of the hand, including the instep: opposed to بَطْن and بَاطِن. And ظَهْرُ اللِّسَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The upper surface of the tongue.] b20: And ظَهْرٌ also signifies (tropical:) A way by land. (S, M, O, Msb, K.) This expression is used when there is a way by land and a way by sea. (M.) You say, سَارُوا فِى طَرِيقِ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) They journeyed by land. (A.) b21: And (assumed tropical:) An elevated tract of land or ground; as also ↓ ظَاهِرةٌ: (A:) or rugged and elevated land or ground; (JK, K;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, which signifies “ soft and plain and fine and low land or ground: ” (TA:) and ↓ ظَوَاهِرُ [pl. of. ظَاهِرَةٌ] signifies (assumed tropical:) elevated tracts of land or ground: (S, K:) you say, هَاجَتْ ظَوَاهِرُ الأَرْضِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) the herbs, or leguminous plants, of the elevated tracts of land, or ground, dried up: (As, S, L:) and ↓ ظَاهِرٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) the higher, or highest, part of a mountain; (ISh, L, TA;) whether its exterior be plain or not: (TA:) and ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ, the same, of anything: (L:) when you have ascended upon the ظَهْر of a mountain, you are upon its ظَاهِرَة. (TA.) b22: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظَهْرًا means (assumed tropical:) Their valley flowed with the rain of their own land: opposed to دُرْءًا, meaning, “from other rain: ” (IAar, O, K: *) or the former signifies their valley flowed with its own rain: and the latter, “with other than its own rain: ” (TA:) and some say ↓ ظُهْرًا, which Az thinks the better form. (O, TA.) b23: [Hence, probably,] أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ مَطَرَ ظَهْرٍ (assumed tropical:) I obtained from him, or it, much good. (Sgh, O, K.) b24: And another signification of ظَهْرٌ is What is absent, or hidden, or concealed, from one. (O, K.) b25: It is sometimes prefixed to another noun to give plainness and force to the expression; as in ظَهْرُ الغَيْبِ and ظَهْرُ القَلْبِ, meaning نَفْسُ الغَيْبِ and نَفْسُ القَلْبِ: (Msb:) or it is redundant in these instances. (Mgh.) Lebeed says, describing a [wild] cow going about after a beast of prey that had eaten her young one, وَتَسَمَّعَتْ رِزَّ الأَنِيسِ فَرَاعَهَا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ وَالأَنِيسُ سَقَامُهَا [And she heard the sound of man, and it frightened her, from a place that concealed what was in it; for man is her malady; i. e., a cause of pain and trouble and death to her]: (TA:) meaning, she heard the sound of the hunters, &c. (TA in art. غيب.) And you say, تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ He carped at him behind the back, or in absence, by saying what would grieve him. (TA in art. غيب.) And تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ (A, O) or عن ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ (TA) [app., (tropical:) I spoke it by memory; in the absence of a book or the like; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب. See also غَيْبٌ.] And قَرَأَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ القَلْبِ (tropical:) He recited it by heart, or memory; without book: (L, K: [in the latter, مِنْ is put in the place of عَنْ; but the right reading is that in the L: and in the CK is an omission here, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ:]) and ↓ قرأه ظَاهِرًا and قرأه عَلَى

ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ [signify the same]. (K.) And حَمَلَ القُرْآنَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ like حَفِظَهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَلْبِهِ (tropical:) [He knew the Kur-án by heart]. (A, * O, TA.) b26: One says also, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ يَدِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one eats at the expense of such a one. (A, O, K. *) And in like manner, الفُقَرَآءُ يَأْكُلُونَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ أَيْدِى النَّاسِ (tropical:) The poor eat at the expense of the people. (A, TA.) And أَعْطَاهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ يَدٍ (tropical:) He gave him originally; without compensation. (O, * K; but in some copies of the K we find مِنْ in the place of عَنْ.) It is said [in a trad.], أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى (tropical:) The most excellent of alms is that which is [derived] from competence; ظهر: (Msb:) or simply عَنْ غِنًى, the word ظهر being here redundant: (Mgh:) or from manifest competence upon which one relies, and in which he seeks aid against calamities, or afflictions: or from what remains after fight: (Msb:) or from superfluous property. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ

A3: قِدْرُ ظَهْرٍ means (assumed tropical:) An old cooking-pot: (O, K: *) pl. قُدُورُ ظُهُورٍ: (O:) as though, because of its oldness, it were thrown behind the back. (TA.) ظُهْرٌ Midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb, * K, * O, * TA:) or [the time immediately] after the declining of the sun: (S, Mgh:) masc. and fem.; unless when the word صَلَاة is prefixed to it, in which case it is fem. only: (Msb:) [pl. أَظْهَارٌ. See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.] صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ means The prayer [i. e. the divinely-ordained prayer] of midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or of the time after the declining of the sun. (S, O.) In the phrases أَبْرِدُوا بِالظُّهْرِ [Defer ye the prayer of midday until the cooler time of day] and صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ [He performed the prayer of midday], the prefixed noun (صَلَاة) is suppressed. (Mgh.) A2: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظُهْرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, last quarter.

ظَهِرٌ, (S,) or ↓ ظَهِيرٌ, (K,) [the former agreeable with analogy, being derived from ظَهِرَ,] A man (S,) having a complaint of the back: (S, K:) or having a pain in the back: as also ↓ مَظْهُورٌ. (O, TA.) ظُهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in three places.

A2: Also The tortoise. (O, K.) ظِهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in six places.

ظَهَرَةٌ The goods, or furniture and utensils, of a house or tent; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) as also أَهَرَةٌ: (IAar, TA:) or the former signifies the exterior of a house, or tent; and the latter, the “ interior thereof. ” (Th, TA.) b2: And Abundance of مَال [i. e. property, or cattle]. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ.

ظِهْرِىٌّ A camel prepared for future need; (T, S, O, K;) taken, by way of precaution, to bear the burden of any camel that may happen to fail in a journey: sometimes two or more unladen camels are taken for this purpose: some say that such a camel is thus called because its owner puts it behind his back, not riding it nor putting any burden upon it: (T, TA:) the word appears to be an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (ISd, TA:) pl. ظَهَارِىٌّ, imperfectly decl., because the rel. ى

retains its place in the sing. [inseparably; there being no such word as ظِهْر: but if it be a rel. n., this pl. is irreg., like مَهَارِىٌّ]. (S, O, K.) b2: See ظَهْرٌ, first quarter, in five places, for examples of ظِهْرِىٌّ and ظِهْرِيَّةٌ used tropically.

ظُهْرَان [app. ظُهْرَانٌ (which is also a pl. of ظَهْرٌ used in several senses), or, perhaps ظُهْرَانِ, as having a dual meaning,] The upper, thick, pair of wings of the locust. (AHn, TA.) b2: [See also ظَهْرٌ.]

بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, and ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, and الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, &c.: see ظَهْرٌ, former half, in five places.

ظَهَارٌ The exterior (K, TA) and elevated (TA) part of a [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة. (K, TA.) ظُهَارٌ Pain in the back. (Az, O, TA.) A2: See also ظَهْرٌ, third quarter, in two places.

ظَهِيرٌ: see ظَاهِرٌ.

A2: Also An aider, or assistant; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ: (K:) [in one place, in the K, ظِهْرَةٌ is expl. by عَوْن; but by this is meant, as will be seen below, the same as is meant by مُعِين, by which all the three words are expl. in another place in the K, as well as in the S &c.:] and aiders, or assistants; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) the pl. of ظَهِيرٌ is ظُهَرَآءُ. (O.) It is said in the Kur [xxv. 57], وَكَانَ الكَافِرُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا And the unbeliever is an aider of the enemies of God [against his Lord]. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) You say also, فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ ↓ ظِهْرَتِى Such a one is my aider (عَوْن) against such a one: and عَلَى هٰذَا ↓ أَنَا ظِهْرَتُكَ الأَمْرِ I am thine aider against this thing, or affair. (S, O.) And it is also said in the Kur [lxvi. 4], وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ [And the angels after that will be his aiders]: and instance of ظهير in a pl. sense: (S, O, Msb:) for words of the measures فَعُولٌ and فَعِيلٌ are sometimes masc. and fem. [and sing.] and pl. (S.) You also say, ↓ جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى ظِهْرَتِهِ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ ظُهْرَتِهِ, (A, K,) and ↓ ظَهَرَتِهِ, and ↓ ظَاهِرَتِهِ, (K,) Such a one came among his people, (S,) or kinsfolk, (K,) and those who performed his affairs for him, (S, A,) i. e., his aiders, or assistants. (A.) And وَاحِدَةٍ ↓ هُمْ فِى ظِهْرَةٍ They aid one another against the enemies. (TA.) b2: Also Strong in the back; (K;) sound therein: (Lth:) and so ↓ مُظَهَّرٌ: (S, O, K:) applied to a man: (S:) or hard and strong; whether in the back or any other part is not said: (TA:) in this sense, (TA,) or as signifying strong, (S, O,) applied to a camel: fem. with ة. (S, O, TA.) b3: Also A camel whose back is not used, on account of galls, or sores, upon it: or unsound in the back by reason of galls, or sores, or from some other cause. (Th.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (TA.) A3: See also ظَهِرٌ.

ظِهَارَةٌ [The facing, or outer covering, or] what is uppermost, (TA,) what is apparent (Msb, TA) to the eye, (Msb,) not next the body, of a garment; (TA;) and in like manner, what is uppermost and apparent, not next the ground, of a carpet; (TA;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) contr. of بِطَانَةٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) ظَهِيرَةٌ The point of midday: (M, A, K:) or only in summer: (M, K:) or i. q. هَاجِرَةٌ [i. e. midday in summer or when the heat is vehement: or the period from a little before, to a little after, midday in summer: or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر]: (S, O, TA:) or the هَاجِرَة, which is when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb:) or the vehement heat of midday: (IAth, TA:) or i. q. ظُهْرٌ [q. v.]: (Az, TA:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) You say, أَتْيْتُهُ حَدَّ الظَّهِيرَةِ [I came to him at the point of midday in summer; &c.]: and حِينَ قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ [when the sun had become high, and the shade had almost disappeared: so expl. in art. قوم]. (S, O.) and أَبْرِدْ عَنْكَ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ Stay thou until the middayheat shall have become assuaged, and the air be cool. (L in art. فيح.) And hence, in a trad. of 'Omar, when a man came to him complaining of gout in the feet, he said, كَذَبَتْكَ الظَّهَائِرُ, meaning Take thou to walking during the heat of the middays in summer. (TA.) ظُهَارِيَّةٌ One of the modes of seizing [and throwing down] in wrestling: or i. q. شَغْزَبِيَّةٌ: (K:) the twisting one's leg with the leg of another in the manner that is termed شَغْزَبِيَّة, and so throwing him down: one says, أَخَذَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ and الشَّغْزَبِيَّةَ [He seized him and threw him down by the trick above described]: both signify the same: (ISh, O:) or ظُهَارِيَّةٌ signifies the throwing one down upon the back. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b2: And (hence, as being likened thereto, TA) (tropical:) A certain mode, or manner, of compressing, or coïtus. (O, K, TA.) b3: And أَوْثَقَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ He bound his hands behind his back. (Ibn-Buzurj, O, K, TA.) ظَاهِرٌ [Outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence, appearing, apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, conspicuous, ostensible, plain, or evident: in all these senses] contr. of بَاطِنٌ: (S, K, TA:) and so ↓ ظَهِيرٌ. (TA.) [Hence, ظَاهِرًا Outwardly, &c.: and apparently; &c.: and فِى الظَّاهِرِ in appearance. And الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It appears, or it seems, or what seems to be the case is, that it is so, or thus. And ظَاهِرُ كَذَا for ظَاهِرٌ فِيهِ كَذَا, meaning A person, or thing, in whom, or in which, such a quality is apparent, or manifest, &c.: see an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. طعن.] See also مُظْهَرٌ. b2: [Hence also,] عَيْنٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ A prominent eye; (S, O, K, TA;) that fills its cavity. (TA.) b3: And هٰذَا

أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهُ (tropical:) This is a thing, or an affair, of which the disgrace is remote from thee: (S, TA:) or does not cleave to thee. (TA.) and هٰذَا عَيْبٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ (tropical:) This is a vice, or fault, that does not cleave to thee. (A.) A poet says, (namely, Kutheiyir, accord. to a copy of the S, or Aboo-Dhu-eyb, TA,) وَعَيَّرَهَا الوَاشُونَ أَنِّى أُحِبُّهَا وَتِلْكَ شَكَاةٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهَا (tropical:) [And the slanderers taunted her with the fact of my loving her; but that is a fault of which the disgrace is remote from thee]. (S, TA.) b4: [الظَّاهِرُ also signifies The outside, or exterior, of a thing. You say, نَزَلَ ظَاهِرَ المَدِينَةِ He alighted, or took up his abode, outside the city: comp. ظَاهِرَةٌ. Hence,] ظَاهِرُ الكَفِّ and ظَاهِرُ القَدَمِ; and another signification of ظَاهِرٌ: for all of which see ظَهْرٌ, third quarter. b5: [Also The external, outward, or extrinsic, state, condition, or circumstances, of a man: and the outward, or apparent, character, or disposition of the mind: opposed to البَاطِنُ.] b6: One says also, فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one has the ascendancy, or mastery, over such a one; is conqueror of him, or victorious over him. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ بِكَ This is a thing, or an affair, that overcomes, or overpowers, thee. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ

أَنْتَ بِهِ ظَاهِرٌ This is an affair which thou hast power to do. (TA.) [And هُوَ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى كَذَا He is a conqueror, a winner, an achiever, or an attainer, of such a thing: see an ex. voce غَرَبٌ, near the end.] And الظَّاهِرُ is one of the names of God, meaning The Ascendant, or Predominant, over all things: or, as some say, He who is known -by inference of the mind from what appears to mankind of the effects of his actions and his attributes. (IAth, TA.) b7: حَاجَتُهُ عِنْدَكَ ظَاهِرَةٌ means (tropical:) His want is in thine estimation [an object of contempt, or neglect, as though] cast behind the back. (O, * TA.) b8: قَرَأَهُ ظَاهِرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, towards the end of the paragraph.

A2: شَآءٌ ظَوَاهِرُ Sheep, or goats, that come to the water every day at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةٌ as a subst.; and its pl. ظَوَاهِرُ: see ظَهْرٌ, in four places, in the third quarter of the paragraph. [Hence,] قُرَيْشُ الظَّوَاهِرِ Those, of Kureysh, that dwell in the exterior of Mekkeh, (O,) upon the mountains thereof, (K, * TA,) or upon the higher parts of Mekkeh: (TA:) those who dwell in the lower parts are called قُرَيْشُ البِطَاحِ; (O, * TA;) and these are the more honourable, (O, TA, *) because they are neighbours of the House of God. (O.) b2: See also ظِهَارَةٌ.

A2: And see ظَهِيرٌ.

A3: Also The coming of camels, (S, O, K, TA,) and of sheep or goats, (TA,) to the water every day, at noon. (S, O, K, TA.) One says, of camels, [and of sheep or goats,] تَرِدُ الظَّاهِرَةَ [They come to the water every day, at noon]: and Sh says that they return from the water at the عَصْر. (TA.) And شَرِبَ الفَرَسُ ظَاهِرَةً The horse drank every day, at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةُ الغِبِّ [The coming to the water at noon on alternate days] is for sheep or goats; scarcely ever, or never, for camels; and is a little shorter [in the interval] than what is called [simply] الغِبُّ. (O, TA.) مَظْهَرٌ i. q. مَصْعَدٌ [i. e. A place of ascent, or a place to which one ascends]; (O, K; in some copies of the latter of which, both words are erroneously written with damm to the م; TA;) and دَرَجَةٌ [as meaning a degree, grade, rank, condition, or station, or an exalted, or a high, grade, &c.]: (O:) used by En-Nábighah ElJaadee as meaning Paradise. (O, TA.) مُظْهَرٌ Made apparent, &c. b2: And hence, as also ↓ ظَاهِرٌ, but the former more commonly, applied to a noun, Explicit; and, elliptically, an explicit noun; opposed to مُضْمَرٌ and ضَمِيرٌ (a concealed noun, i. e. a pronoun); and to مُبْهَمٌ (a noun of vague signification).]

مُظْهِرٌ Possessing camels for riding or for carrying goods: pl. مُظْهِرُونَ. (S, * K, * TA.) A2: and A camel made to sweat by the ظَهِيرَة [or vehement heat of midday in summer]. (Sgh, K, TA.) and accord. to As, one says, ↓ أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ مُظَهِّرًا, meaning Such a one came to us in the time of the ظَهِيرَة [or midday in summer, &c.]: but accord. to A 'Obeyd, others say مُظْهِرًا, without teshdeed; and this is the proper form: (S) or both mean, in the time of the ظُهْر. (O.) مُظَهَّرٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

مُظَهِّرٌ: see مُظْهِرٌ.

مُظْهُورٌ pass. part. n. of ظَهَرَ [q. v.]. b2: See also ظَهِرٌ. Quasi ظور 3 ظَاوِرْ, occurring in a trad. for ظَائِرْ: see 3 in art. ظأر.