رحم

1 رَحِمَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَحْمَةٌ and رُحْمٌ [and رَحَمَةٌ and رُحُمٌ] and مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) [He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he treated him, or regarded him, with mercy or pity or compassion; i. e.] he was, or became, tender [or tender-hearted] towards him; and inclined to favour him [and to benefit him]: (S, Msb, K: [see also رَخِمَهُ and رَخَمَهُ:]) and he pardoned him, or forgave him: (K:) said of a man: (S, Msb, K:) and also of God [in the former sense, but tropically, or anthropopathically: or as meaning He favoured him, or benefited him; or pardoned, or forgave, him: see explanations of رَحْمَةٌ below]: (Msb, K:) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ ترحّم signifies the same, (MA, [and the same seems to be indicated in the S,]) said of a man: (S:) [and so does ↓ ترحّمهُ, (occurring in the S and K in art. رعى, &c.,) accord. to Ibn-Maaroof, for he says that] تَرَحُّمٌ signifies the regarding [another] with mercy or pity or compassion; or pardoning [him], or forgiving [him]: and also the being merciful or pitiful or compassionate or favourably inclined [عَلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]. (KL: but respecting this latter verb, see 2.) A2: رَحُمَتْ, and رَحِمَتْ, (S, K,) and رُحِمَتْ, (K,) inf. n. رَحَامَةٌ, (S, K,) which is of the first, (S, TA,) and رَحَمٌ, (S, K,) which is of the second, (S, TA,) and رَحْمٌ, (K,) which is of the third, (TA,) She had a complaint of her womb after bringing forth, (S, K,) and died in consequence thereof: (K:) said of a camel, (S, TA,) and of a ewe or goat, and of a woman, and of any animal having a womb: (TA:) or she had a disease in her womb, in consequence of which she did not receive impregnation: or she brought forth without letting fall her secundine: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lh, the bringing forth without letting fall her secundine, by a sheep or goat, is termed ↓ رُحَامٌ. (TA.) b2: رَحِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَحَمٌ, is also said of a water-skin, meaning It was left, or neglected, by its owners, after its being seasoned with rob, [for غيته, in the phrase بعد غيته, an evident mistranscription, I read, conjecturally, تَمْتِينِهِ, as the only word at all resembling غيته, that I can call to mind, having an apposite signification,] and they did not anoint it, or grease it, so that it became spoilt, or in a bad state, and did not retain the water: the epithet applied to it in this case is ↓ رَحِمٌ. (TA.) b3: and رَحَامَةٌ is also an inf. n. [of which the verb, if it have one, is app. رَحُمَ,] signifying The being connected by relationship. (TA.) 2 رحّم عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. تَرْحِيمٌ; and ↓ ترحّم; but the former is the more chaste; He said to him, رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ [May God have mercy on thee; &c.]. (K.) 5 ترحّم عَلَيْهِ and ترحّمهُ: for both see 1; and for the former see also 2. [Accord. to different authorities, it appears that both may be rendered He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he pitied, or compassionated, him: (see 1:) or he pitied him, or compassionated him, much: (see what follows:) and the former, he said to him, May God have mercy on thee; &c.; (see 2;) or he expressed a wish that God would have mercy on him; or he expressed pity, or compassion, for him: and also he affected, or constrained himself to have or to show, pity, or compassion.] Though تَرَحَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ is mentioned by J, and not رَحَّمّهُ, some say that the former is incorrect: and it is said that تَرَحُّمٌ implies self-constraint, and therefore is not to be attributed to God: but some repudiate this assertion, because it occurs in correct traditions, and because تَفَعُّلٌ is not restricted to the denoting peculiarly self-constraint, but has other properties, as in the instances of تَوَحُّدٌ and تَكَبُّرٌ, denoting intensiveness and muchness. (TA.) 6 تراحموا signifies رَحِمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا [They had mercy, or pity, or compassion, one on another; &c.]. (S, TA.) 10 استرحمهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الرَّحْمَة [i. e. mercy, or pity, or compassion; &c.]. (TA.) رَحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رُحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحْمَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] أُمُّ رُحْمٍ

one of the names of Mekkeh; (S, K; *) as also أُمُّ الرُّحْمِ; (K;) meaning the source of الرَّحْمَة [or mercy, &c.]. (TA.) [See also زُحْمٌ.]

رِحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رَحَمٌ The coming forth of the womb, in consequence of a disease. (IAar, TA.) [See also رَحِمَتْ and رَحِمَ, of each of which it is an inf. n.]

رَحِمٌ The womb, i. e. the place of origin, (Mgh, Msb, K,) and the receptacle, (Mgh, K,) of the young, (Mgh, Msb, K,) in the belly; (Mgh;) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ, (Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, and ↓ رَحْمٌ, which is of the dial. of Benoo-Kiláb: (Msb:) in this sense, (Msb,) which is the primary signification, (Mgh,) [i. e.] as meaning the رَحِم of the female, (S,) it is fem.; (S, Msb;) or, as some say, masc.; (Msb;) but IB cites a verse in which رِحْم is fem.: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَامٌ. (MA.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحْمٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) Relationship; i. e. nearness of kin; syn. قَرَابَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) [by some restricted to relationship by the female side; as will be shown below:] and connexion by birth: (Mgh, Msb:) or relationship connecting with a father or an ancestor: or near relationship: so in the T: (TA:) or a connexion, or tie, of relationship: (A, TA:) or the ties of relationship: (M, K, TA:) accord. to the K, الرَّحِمُ signifies القَرَابَةُ or أَصْلُهَا and أَسْبَابُهَا: but in the M it is said, الرَّحِمُ أَسْبَابُ القَرَابَةِ وَأَصْلُهَا الرَّحِمُ الَّتِى هِىَ مَنْبِتُ الوَلَدِ; in which وَأَصْلُهَا forms no part of the explanation of الرحم, as the author of the K asserts it to do: (TA:) as meaning relationship, رحم is in most instances masc.: (Msb:) pl. as above. (K.) It is said in a holy tradition (حَدِيث قُدْسِىّ [i. e. an inspired or a revealed tradition]) that God said, when He created الرَّحِم [meaning “ relationship,” &c.], أَنَا الَّحْمٰنُ وَأَنْتَ الرَّحِمُ شَقَقْتُ اسْمَكَ مِنِ اسْمِى فَمَنْ وَصَلَكَ وَصَلْتُهُ وَمَنْ قَطَعَكَ قَطَعْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [I am الرحمٰن and thou art الرحم: I have derived thy name from my name: therefore whoso maketh thee close, I will make him close; and who severeth thee, I will sever him]. (TA.) [وَصَلَ رَحِمَهُ means (assumed tropical:) He made close his tie, or ties, of relationship, by kind behaviour to his kindred: and قَطَعَ رَحِمَهُ, He severed his tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred: see art. وصل: and see also بَلَّ رَحِمَهُ, in the first paragraph of art. بل; and a verse there cited.] b3: ذُو الرَّحِمِ means (assumed tropical:) [The possessor of relationship, &c.; i. e.] the contr. of الأَجْنَبِىُّ: (Mgh, Msb:) the pl. ذَوُو الأَرْحَامِ, [or, as in the Kur viii. last verse, and xxxiii. 6, أُولُو الأَرْحَامِ,] in the classical language, means any relations: and in law, any relations that have no portion [of the inheritances termed فَرَائِض] and are not [such heirs as are designated by the appellation]

عَصَبَة [q. v.]; (KT, TA in art. ذو;) [i. e.,] with respect to the فَرَائِض, it means the relations by the women's side. (IAth, TA in the present art.) ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ and [some say] مُحَرَّمٍ [and ذُو رَحِمٍ

مَحْرَمٌ also (see art. حرم)] mean (assumed tropical:) A relation whom it is unlawful to marry, [whether male or female, the latter being included with the former, but the female, when particularly meant, is termed ذَاتُ رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ &c.,] such as the mother and the daughter and the sister and the paternal aunt and the maternal aunt [and the male relations of such degrees]: and most of the learned, of the Companions and of the generation following these, and Aboo-Haneefeh and his companions, and Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], hold that when one possesses a person that is termed ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ, this person becomes emancipated, whether male or female; but Esh-Sháfi'ee and others of the Imáms and of the Companions and of the generation following these hold that the children and the fathers and the mothers become emancipated, and not any others than these. (IAth, TA.) b4: [حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ means (assumed tropical:) A feeling of relationship or consanguinity, or sympathy of blood; and in like manner, elliptically, رَحِمٌ alone. You say, أَطَّتْ لَهُ مِنِّى حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ; expl. in art. حس: and أَطَّتْ لَهُ رَحِمِى; and أَطَّتْ بِكَ الرَّحِمُ; expl. in art. اط. b5: رَحِمٌ is also often used for فَرْجٌ or حَيَآءٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The vulva: see, for exs., شُفْرٌ, and 1 in art. ظآر, and 8 in art. حوص.]

A2: As an epithet, with ة, applied to a she-camel: see رَحُومٌ. b2: And as an epithet without ة, applied to a water-skin: see 1, last sentence but one.

رُحُمٌ: see the next paragraph.

A2: It is also pl. of رَحُومٌ. (TA.) رَحْمَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحَمَةٌ (Sb, K) and ↓ رُحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رُحُمٌ, (S, K,) thus in a verse of Zuheyr, (S, TA,) and thus in the Kur xviii. 80 accord. to the reading of Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (TA,) and ↓ مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of which last مَرَاحِمُ is pl., (TA,) [all inf. ns.; when used as simple substs. signifying Mercy, pity, or compassion; i. e.] tenderness (S, Msb, K, and Bd on the بَسْمَلَة) of heart; (Bd ibid.;) and inclination to favour, (S, Msb, K,) or inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence: (Bd ubi suprà:) and pardon, or forgiveness: (K:) accord. to Er-Rághib, رَحْمَةٌ signifies tenderness requiring the exercise of beneficence towards the object thereof: and it is used sometimes as meaning tenderness divested of any other attribute: and sometimes as meaning beneficence divested of tenderness; as when it is used as an attribute of the Creator: when used as an attribute of men, it means tenderness, and inclination to favour [without necessarily implying beneficence]: accord. to El-Káshánee, it is of two kinds; namely, gratuitous, and obligatory: the former is that which pours forth favours, or benefits, antecedently to works; and this is the رحمة that embraces everything: the obligatory is that which is promised to the pious and the doers of good, in the Kur vii. 155 and vii. 54: but this, he says, is included in the gratuitous, because the promise to bestow it for works is purely gratuitous: accord. to the explanation of the Imám Aboo-Is-hák Ahmad Ibn-Mohammad-Ibn-Ibráheem Eth-Thaalebee, it is God's desire to do good to the deserving thereof; so that it is an essential attribute: or the abstaining from punishing him who deserves punishment, and doing good to him who does not deserve [this]; so that it is an attribute of operation. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [xxi. 75] وَأَدْخَلْنَاهُ فِى رَحْمَتِنَا (tropical:) [And we caused him to enter into our mercy] is tropical: so says IJ. (TA.) b2: وَاللّٰهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَآءُ, in the Kur [ii. 99 and iii. 67], means (assumed tropical:) [And God distinguishes] with his gift of prophecy [whom He will], or his prophetic office or commission. (K, * TA.) b3: رَحْمَةٌ also means (assumed tropical:) Sustenance, or the means of subsistence: this is said to be its meaning as used in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Rain: (TA:) so in the Kur vii. 55. (Bd, Jel.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Plenty; or abundance of herbage, and of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life: so in the Kur x. 22 and xxx. 35. (TA.) رَحَمَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رُحْمَى [The saying رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ May God have mercy on thee; &c.;] a subst. from رَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [like بُقْيَا from أَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ]. (K.) رَحْمَآءُ: see رَحُومٌ.

الرَّحْمٰنُ [thus generally written when it has the article ال prefixed to it, but in other cases رَحْمَانُ, imperfectly decl.,] and ↓ الرَّحِيمُ are names [or epithets] applied to God: (TA:) [the former, considered as belonging to a large class of words expressive of passion or sensation, such as غَضْبَانُ and عَطْشَانُ &c., but, being applied to God, as being used tropically, or anthropopathically, may be rendered The Compassionate: ↓ the latter, considered as expressive of a constant attribute with somewhat of intensiveness, agreeably with analogy, may be rendered the Merciful: but they are variously explained: it is said that] they are both names [or epithets] formed to denote intensiveness of signification, from رَحِمَ; like الغَضْبَانُ from غَضِبَ, and العَلِيمُ from عَلِمَ; and الرَّحْمَةُ, in the proper language, is “ tenderness of heart,” and “ inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence; ” but the names of God are only to be taken [or understood] with regard to the ultimate imports, which are actions, exclusively of the primary imports, which may be passions: and the former is more intensive in signification than the latter; the former including in its objects the believer and the unbeliever, and ↓ the latter having for its peculiar object the believer: (Bd on the بَسْمَلَة:) accord. to J, (TA,) they are two names [or epithets] derived from الرَّحْمَةُ, and are like نَدْمَانُ and نَدِيمٌ, and are syn.; the repetition being allowable when the [mode of] derivation is different, for the purpose of corroboration: (S, TA:) or the repetition is because the former is Hebrew, [originally 165,] and ↓ the latter is Arabic: (I'Ab, TA:) but the former is applicable to God only; though Museylimeh the Liar was called رَحْمَانُ اليَمَامَةِ; (S, TA;) and it is said to mean the Possessor of the utmost degree of الرَّحْمَة; and accord. to Zj, is a name of God mentioned in the most ancient books: (TA:) whereas ↓ the latter is syn. with

↓ الرَّاحِمُ: (S, TA:) or [rather] ↓ رَاحِمٌ is the act. part. n. [signifying having mercy, &c.], and ↓ رَحِيمٌ has an intensive signification [i. e. having much mercy, &c.]: (Msb:) the latter is applied also to a man; and so is ↓ رَحُومٌ, in the same sense, and likewise to a woman: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ رَحِيمٌ is رُحَمَآءُ; (Msb, TA;) occurring in the trad., إِنَّمَا يَرْحَمُ اللّٰهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الرُّحَمَآءَ, or الرُّحَمَآءُ, as related by different persons; [i. e. God has mercy on the merciful only of his servants, or verily those on whom God has mercy, of his servants, are the merciful;] الرحماء being in the accus. case as the objective complement of يرحم, and in the nom. case as the enunciative of ما in the sense of الَّذِى. (Msb.) رَحَمُوتٌ is from رَحْمَةٌ, [with which it is syn.,] (S, TA,) but it is used only coupled with its like in form: (K, TA:) one says, رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ [Fear is better for thee than pity, or compassion], meaning thy being feared is better than thy being pitied, or compassionated: (S, K: but in the former, without لك:) or, accord. to Mbr, ↓ رَهَبُوتَى خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتَى. (Meyd. [See art. رهب.]) رَحَمُوتَى: see what next precedes.

رُحَامٌ: see 1, last sentence but two.

رَحُومٌ (Lh, S, K) and ↓ رَحْمَآءُ, (K,) applied to a she-camel, (Lh, S, TA,) and to a ewe or she-goat, and to a woman, (TA,) [and app. to any animal having a womb, (see رَحُمَتْ)] Having a complaint of her womb (Lh, S, M, K) after bringing forth, (Lh, S, K,) and dying in consequence thereof; (K;) and ↓ رَحِمَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, signifies the same: the pl. of رَحُومٌ is رُحُمٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b2: For the first, see also الرَّحْمٰنُ, near the end of the paragraph.

رَحِيمُ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in seven places. b2: Sometimes it is syn. with ↓ مَرْحُومٌ [i. e. Treated, or regarded, with mercy or pity or compassion; &c.: see 1, first sentence]: 'Amelles Ibn-'Akeel says, (using it in this sense, Ham p. 628,) فَأَمَّا إِذَا عَضَّتْ بِكَ الحَرْبُ عَضَّةً فَإِنَّكَ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَيْكَ رَحِيمُ (S, and Ham,) i. e. [But at all events,] when war becomes [once] severe to thee, and thine enemy has almost overcome thee, [verily thou art regarded with favour,] treated with mercy, and defended, by us. (Ham.) رَاحِمٌ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in two places, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also, applied to a ewe, and to a she-goat, Having the womb swollen. (Lh, K.) أَرْحَمُ [More, and most, merciful, &c.]. God is أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمينَ [The Most Merciful of those that have mercy]. (TA.) مَرْحَمَةٌ: see رَحْمَةٌ.

مُرَحَّمٌ [Treated, or regarded, with much mercy or pity or compassion; &c.]: it is with teshdeed to denote intensiveness of the signification. (S, TA.) b2: [See also 2, of which it is the pass. part. n.]

مَرْحُومٌ: see رَحِيمٌ. b2: المَرْحُومَةُ is a name of El-Medeeneh. (K.) b3: [And المَرْحُومُ, which may be rendered The object of God's mercy, is commonly used in the present day as an epithet applied to the person, whoever he be, that has died in what is believed to be the true faith; as though meaning merely the deceased.]

رحو and رحى1 رَحَتِ الحَيَّةُ, (S, K,) aor. ـْ (S) [and app. تَرْحَى also (see رَحْيَةٌ)]; and ↓ ترحّت; (S, K;) The serpent turned round about, (S, K, TA,) and twisted, or wound, or coiled, itself; ISd adds, كَالرَّحّى [i. e. like the mill, or millstone]; for which reason it is said to be إِحْدّى بَنَاتِ طِبَقٍ. (TA.) A2: رَحَوْتُ الرَّحَا or الرَّحَى, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْوٌ; (TA;) and رَحَيْتُهَا, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْىٌ; (TA;) I turned round the رحا or رحى [i. e. the mill, or mill-stone]: (S, K:) or I made it: (K:) in the K, the latter verb is said to be extr.; but not so in the T or S or M: in the M it is said to be the more common. (TA.) A3: And رَحَاهُ He magnified him, or honoured him. (IAar, TA.) 5 تَ1َ2َّ3َ see above, first sentence.

رَحًى (S, Msb, K, &c.) and رَحًا, (Msb, * K,) the former of which is the more approved, (TA,) and some say ↓ رَحَآءٌ, (S,) A mill; syn. طَاحُونٌ: (Msb:) [and] a mill-stone; i. e. the great round stone with which one grinds: (TA:) of the fem. gender: (Zj, S, Msb, K:) dual of the first رَحَيَانِ, (S, Msb, K,) and of the second رَحَوَانِ, (Msb, * K,) and of the third, رَحَاآنِ: (S:) the pl. (of pauc., S) of رَحًى (Msb) [and of رَحًا] is أَرْحٍ and (of mult., S) أَرْحَآءٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which latter is the pl. that is preferred accord. to IAmb, (Msb,) and رُحِىٌّ and رِحِىٌّ, (Msb, K, TA,) with damm and with kesr (Msb, TA) to the ر (Msb,) [for the last of which رَحِىٌّ is substituted in the CK,] and أُرْحِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with damm, and with kesr to the ح and teshdeed to the ى (TA,) [in the CK أَرْحِىٌّ,] and أَرْحِيَةٌ, (Msb, K,) which is extr., (K,) said by AHát to be wrong, and by IAmb to be anomalous, and by Zj to be not allowable, (Msb,) in the T said to be as though it were a pl. pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of رَحَآءٌ [and therefore regular]: (S:) the dim. is ↓ رُحَيَّةٌ. (Zj, Msb.) رَحَا اليَدِ [or رَحَى اليَدِ] signifies The hand-mill. (MA.) b2: [Hence, A molar tooth, or grinder:] i. q. ضِرْسٌ; (S, Msb, K;) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ i. q. أَضْرَاسٌ: (S:) [or rather] the أَرْحَآء, also called the طَوَاحِن, are the twelve teeth, three on each side [above and below], next after the ضَوَاحِك [or bicuspids]. (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán. ”) b3: [And app. A roller with which land is rolled to crush the clods; as being likened to a mill-stone: see 1 in art. ختم, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: Stones: and a great rock, or mass of stone. (TA.) b5: A round piece of ground, rising above what surrounds it, (S, K,) about as large in extent as a mile: (K:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or this latter, i. e. the pl., signifies pieces of rugged ground, less than mountains, round, and rising above what surrounds them: (M, TA:) or رَحًا مِنَ الأَرْضِ means a round and rugged place [or piece of ground] among sands: (Sh, TA:) or a large and rugged [elevation such as is termed]

قَارَة or أَكَمَة, round, rising above what surrounds it, not spreading upon the surface of the earth, nor producing herbs, or leguminous plants, nor trees. (ISh, TA.) b6: A round cloud; [as being likened to a mill-stone;] (A in art. رجح:) or so رَحَى سَحَابٍ. (S.) b7: The كِرْكِرَة [or callous protuberance upon the breast] of a camel; (T, S, K;) so called because of its roundness: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K:) which likewise signifies the callous protuberances upon the knees of the camel. (T, TA.) b8: The foot (فِرْسِن) of the camel and of the elephant: pl. أَرْحَآءٌ. (M, K.) b9: A دَائِرَة [app. meaning a circling border] around the nail. (TA.) b10: The breast, or chest: pl., as in the other senses following, أَرْحَآءٌ. (K.) b11: Spinage, or spinach; (M, K;) because of the roundness of its leaves. (TA.) b12: (tropical:) A collective body of the members of a household. (ISd, K, TA.) b13: (tropical:) An independent tribe: (K, TA:) أَرْحَآءٌ (which is its pl., K, TA) signifies (tropical:) independent tribes, that are in no need of others. (S, TA.) b14: (assumed tropical:) A large number of camels, crowding, or pressing, together; (S, K, TA;) also called طَحَّانَةٌ: (S, TA:) or رَحَا الإِبِلِ means the collective herd of the camels: and in like manner, رَحَا القَوْمِ the collective body of the people, or party. (ISk, TA.) b15: رَحَى القَوْمِ signifies [also] (tropical:) The chief of the people, or party. (T, S, M, K, TA.) [It is added in the TA that 'Omar Ibn-El-Khattáb was called رَحَى الحَرْبِ, as though meaning (assumed tropical:) The chief of war; because of his warlike propensities: but it seems from what here follows, as well as from what precedes, that this may be a mistranscription, for رَحَى القَوْمِ or رَحَى العَرَبِ.] b16: رَحَى الحَرْبِ signifies (tropical:) The most vehement part [or the thickest] of the fight; syn. حَوْمَتُهَا: (S, Msb:) in the K it is said that الرَّحَى signifies حَوْمَةُ الحَرْبِ, and مُعْظَمُهُ; as also ↓ المَرْحَى: but it seems that there is an omission; for الحرب is [generally] fem., and in the M it is said that رَحَى المَوْتِ signifies مُعْظَمُهُ [app. meaning the main stress, or the thickest, of death in battle]. (TA.) In a saying relating to 'Alee's having made an end of الجَمَلِ ↓ مَرْحَي, this expression is expl. by A 'Obeyd as meaning The place around which revolved the thickest of the fight (المَوْضِعُ الَّذِي دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي الحَرْبِ) [in the Battle of the Camel]. (TA.) And دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي المَوْتِ [which may be rendered (assumed tropical:) The main stress of death beset him round about] meansdeath befell him. (Msb, TA.) رَحْيَةٌ [or حَيَّةٌ رَحْيَةٌ meaning A serpent folding, or coiling, itself, so as to resemble a neck-ring]: see رَحَّةٌ, in art. رح.

رَحَآءٌ: see رَحًي, first sentence.

رُحَيَّةٌ dim. of رَحًي, q. v. (Zj, Msb.) قَصْعَةٌ رَحَّآءُ A shallow, or a wide, [bowl such as is termed] قصعة. (TA. [It is there mentioned in art. رحو, but belongs to art. رح q. v.]) مَرْحًي A place of a mill or mill-stone. (MA.) b2: See also رَحًي (near the end of the paragraph), in two places. b3: [Accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as meaning (assumed tropical:) A place where any one stands firmly.]

مُرَحٍ A maker of mills or mill-stones. (K, TA.) A2: And Moisture in the ground to the extent of a palm. (AHn, TA.)

سقب

1 سَقِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَقَبٌ, He, or it, was, or became, near. (Msb.) سَقَبٌ is syn. with قُرْبٌ. (S, A, K.) You say, سَقِبَتْ دَارُهُ, (S, and so in the K accord. to the TA,) with kesr [to the ق], (S,) [inf. n. as above;] or سَقَبَت, (so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K and in my copy of the Mgh,) inf. n. سَقْبٌ, (so in my copy of the Mgh,) or سُقُوبٌ; (K;) [but I believe the verb to be correctly سَقِبَت, like its syn. صَقِبَت, and the inf. n. to be correctly سَقَبٌ, and perhaps سُقُوبٌ also;] His house was near; (S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَسْقَبَت. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., الجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ, meaning [The neighbour has a better, or the best, claim to pre-emption] by reason of his being near: (S, * A, Msb:) or the ب is a connective of احقّ with its complement, (Mgh, Msb,) not to denote a cause, (Mgh,) and بِسَقَبِهِ is expl. as meaning بِالضْلَرRُّفْعَةِ; (Mgh, Msb;) i. e. the neighbour has a better, or the best, claim to الضْلَرRُّفْعَة [or pre-emption], when his house is contiguous: (Mgh:) IAth says that it is adduced as an evidence that الضْلَرRُّفْعَة belongs to the neighbour though not a sharer; i. e., that he has a better claim thereto than one who is not a neighbour: but some explain الجار as meaning the partner, or sharer: or the meaning of the trad. may be, the neighbour has a better, or the best, claim to kindness and assistance because of his being near. (L, TA. [See also another reading (بِصَقَبِهِ), and explanations thereof, in art. صقب.]) 4 اسقبهُ He made him, or it, to be near: (K:) or اسقب دَارَهُ he made his house to be near. (S.) [And so with ص.]

A2: See also the paragraph above.

A3: أَسْقَبَتْ is also said of a she-camel, meaning She brought forth mostly males. (A, * TA.) [And اسقب He got, or got mostly, male offspring.] In the following saying, (S, TA,) of Ru-beh, describing the two parents of a man eulogized [by him], (TA,) وَكَانَتِ العِرْسُ الَّّتِى تَنَخَّبَا لِفَحْلٍ أَسْقَبَا ↓ غَرَّآءَ مِسْقَابًا [And the wife whom he chose was generous, or noble, or fair, one that brought forth, or brought forth mostly, male offspring, to a male that begot, or begot mostly, such offspring,] the last word is a verb, in the pret. tense, not an epithet applied to فحل. (S, * TA. [In the former, only the second hemistich is cited.]) 6 تساقبت أَبْيَاتُهُمْ was probably used as meaning Their tents, or houses, were near together: see the part. n. of this verb below.]

سَقْبٌ The young one of a camel: or, when just brought forth: (K:) or only the male young one of a camel: (S, K:) [see also صَقْبٌ:] when a she-camel has brought forth her young one, the latter, when just born, is called سَلِيلٌ, before it is known whether it is a male or a female; but when it is known, if it is a male, it is called سَقْبٌ: (As, TA:) the female is not called سَقْبَةٌ, (S, K,) but حَائِلٌ: (S:) or it is [sometimes] called by the former of these appellations: (K:) [see De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., ii. 358: and see سَقْبَةٌ below:] the pl. is أَسْقُبٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and سِقَابٌ and سُقُوبٌ and سُقْبَانٌ. (K.) أَذَلُّ مِنَ السُّقْبَانِ بَيْنَ الحَلَائِبِ [More vile than the male young ones of camels among the milch camels] is a prov. [from a verse of Keys Ibn-El-Khateem]. (TA.) b2: Tall: (K: [see also سَكْبٌ:]) or anything tall, together with plumpness; or fatness, softness, thinness of the skin, and plumpness. (S. [See also صَقْبٌ.]) Applied to a branch, Juicy, thick, and long: (Az, TA: [and so صَقْبٌ:]) or anything of the like kind full and complete. (ADk, TA.) In the following verse, cited by Sb, وَسَاقِيَيْنِ مِثْلَ زَيْدٍ وَجُعَلْ سَقْبَانِ مَمْضْلَرRُوقَانِ مَكْنُوزَا العَضَلْ سَقْبَانِ signifies طَوِيلَانِ [tall], and is also written صَقْبَانِ: (Sh, TA:) [so that the meaning may be, And two waterers, or givers of drink, like Zeyd and Jo'al: they being two tall persons, light of flesh, compact in the muscles: I suppose هُمَا to be understood before the latter hemistich; because of the ns. in the nom. case: and I have substituted مَكْنُوزَا for مَنْكُوزَا, the reading in the TA, doubtless a mistranscription:] or it is for مِثْلَ سَقْبَيْنِ [meaning like two male young ones of camels]. (L, TA.) b3: And The pole of a [tent such as is called] خِبَآء; (S, K;) as also ↓ سَقِيبَهٌ: and so صَقَبٌ: (S:) pl. of the first سِقْبَانٌ. (K.) سَقَبٌ inf. n. of سَقِبَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) A2: See also سَاقِبٌ, in three places.

سَقْبَةٌ The female foal of a wild ass. (S, K, * TA.) b2: [See also سَقْبٌ, of which, in the first of the senses assigned to it above, it is said by some to be the fem.]

سِقَابٌ A bit of cotton which a woman afflicted (K, TA) by the death of her husband, in the Time of Ignorance, after shaving her head, and scratching her face, (TA,) used to make red with her blood, (K, TA,) i. e. her own blood, (TA,) and put upon her head, making its extremity to protrude from a hole, or rent, of her قِنَاعِ [or head-covering], in order that people might know her to be so afflicted. (K, * TA.) سُقُوبٌ a pl. of سَقْبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) b2: Also The hind legs of camels: (IAar, K:) pronounced also with ص. (IAar, TA in art. صقب.) سَقِيبٌ: see سَاقِبٌ.

سَقِيبَةٌ: see سَقْبٌ, last sentence. b2: Also A baker's kneading-board: or his rolling-pin. (MA.) سَاقِبٌ [in the CK ثاقب] Near; (A, Msb, K;) and likewise with ص; (A;) as also ↓ سَقيتٌ (Msb) and ↓ سَقَبٌ, [likewise pronounced with ص,] (Mgh, K, * TA,) for ذُو سَقَبٍ, or it may be an inf. n. used as a subst. or an epithet, (Mgh,) and ↓ مُسْقِبٌ. (K, * TA.) You say مَكَانٌ سَاقِبٌ A near place: (A:) and ↓ مَنْزِلٌ سَقَبٌ and ↓ مُسْقِبٌ a near place of alighting or abode: (K, * TA:) and مِنْ دَارِهِ ↓ دَارِىسَقَبٌ My house is near his house. (Mgh.) b2: Also Distant: (Msb, K:) this meaning is mentioned by some, as well as the former: (Msb:) thus it has two contr. meanings: (K:) the latter of these is mentioned in the Mj; and the following verse is cited as a proof thereof; تَرَكْتَ أَبَاكَ بِأَرْضِ الحِجَازِ وَرُحْتَ إِلَى بَلَدٍ سَاقِبِ [Thou leftest thy father in the land of El-Hijáz, and wentest to a distant country]. (MF, TA.) سَوْقَبٌ A man tall and slender. (Suh, TA.) أَسْقَبُ or أَصْقَبُ, occurring in a trad., accord. to different relaters, Nearer [and nearest]. (TA in art. صقب.) مُسْقِبٌ: see سَاقِبٌ, in two places.

مِسْقَبٌ The dam of a سَقْب [q. v.]; as also ↓ مَسْقَابٌ: (K:) [or] the latter signifies a she-camel that usually brings forth males. (S.) مِسْقَابٌ: see what next precedes: and see a verse cited above, conj. 4.

أَبْيَاتُهُمْ مُتَسَاقِبَةٌ Their tents, or houses, are near together. (K.)

سلف

1 سَلَفَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) or, accord. to some, سَلِفَ, and accord. to IKtt, سَلَفٌ and سَلِفَ, (MF,) inf. n. سَفٌ, (S, K,) or سُلُوفٌ, (Msb,) [both app. correct,] It (a thing, K) [and also he (a man)] passed; passed away; (S, Msb, K;) came to an end, or to nought; or became cut off: (Msb:) and, (K,) inf. n. سَلْفٌ, (M, MF, and so in copies of the K,) or سَفٌ, (so in the CK,) and سُلُوفٌ, (M, K,) he (a man, K) [and also it (a thing)] went before, or preceded; (M, K;) and so ↓ سالف, said of a camel. (K.) In a verse cited voce سَلْفَ رَدَادٌ is used by poetic license for سَلَفَ: but this kind of contraction is allowed by the Basrees only in verbs of which the medial radical letter is with kesr or damm, as in عَلْمَ for عَلِمَ, and كَرْمَ for كَرُمَ. (M. [See سَرُعَ.]) b2: You say also, سَلَفَ لَهُ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ, meaning A good, or righteous, deed of his preceded [so as to prepare for him a future reward]. (TA.) b3: And سَلَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, inf. n. سُلُوفٌ, The she-camel was, or became, among the foremost of the camels in arriving at the water. (TA.) b4: [Golius and Freytag mention also سَلَفَ as a trans. verb; the former explaining it as signifying “ Præteriit, præcessit, rem; ” and the latter adding “ tempore,” and assigning to it the inf. ns. سَلْفٌ and سُلُوفٌ; as on the authority of the K; in which I find no indication of such a usage of this verb.]

A2: سَلَفَ الأَرْضَ, (S, M, K;) aor. ـُ inf. n. سَلْفٌ; (S, M;) and ↓ اسلفها; (M, K;) He turned over the land for sowing: (M, K:) or (so in the K, but in the M “ and ”) he made it even with the مِسْلَفَة [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) b2: سَلَفَ المَزَادَةَ, inf. n. سَلْفٌ, [in some copies of the K سَلَف,] He oiled, or greased, the مزادة [or leathern water-bag]. (K.) 2 تَسْلِيفٌ signifies The making [a thing] to go before, or precede. (S, K.) b2: And I. q. إِسْلَافٌ. (K.) See 4, in six places. b3: And The giving to another the portion of food termed سُلفَة [q. v.]. (S.) You say, سلّف الرَّجُلَ, (S,) or القَوْمَ, (M,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He gave to the man, (S,) or to the people or party, (M,) the portion of food so called; (S, M;) as also [سلّف لَهُ, or]

سلّف لَهُمْ. (M.) b4: And The eating of the [portion of food termed] سُلْفَة. (K.) [See also 5.]3 سالف: see 1, first sentence.

A2: سالفهُ فِى

الأَرْضِ, (Ibn-'Abbád, K,) inf. n. مُسَالَفَةٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, TA,) i. q. سَايَرَهُ [i. e. He went, or kept pace, or ran, with him, or he vied, contended, or competed, with him in going or running, in the land; as though striving to be before him]. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b2: And سالفهُ He equalled him in an affair. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 4 اسلفهُ He did it previously, or beforehand. (O and TA in art. زلف.) b2: [Hence,] اسلف فِى, كَذَا, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. إِسْلَافٌ; (TA;) and فِيهِ ↓ سلّف, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَسْلِيفٌ; (Msb, TA;) He paid in advance, or beforehand, for such a thing, (S, Mgh, TA,) i. e. a commodity described to him, (S,) or wheat or the like, for which the seller became responsible, [with something additional to the equivalent of the current price at the time of the payment, (see سَلَفٌ,)] (TA,) to be delivered at a certain period: (S:) and أَسْلَمَ signifies the same. (TA.) You say, أَسْلَفْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا and إِلَيْهِ ↓ سَلَّفْتُ [I paid in advance to him for such a thing, &c.]. (Msb.) Hence the saying in a trad., فَيُسَلِّفْ ↓ مَنْ سَلَّفَ فِى كَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَوَزْنٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ i. e. He who pays in advance for a commodity for which the seller is responsible, let him pay in advance for a certain measure, and a certain weight, to be delivered at a certain period. (TA.) b3: And اسلفهُ مَالًا, (S, M, Mgh, TA,) and ↓ سلّفهُ, (M, Mgh, TA,) He lent him property [to be repaid, or returned, without any profit]. (M, Mgh, TA. [See, again, سَلَفٌ.]) [Whence one says, اسلفهُ إِحْسَانًا and سلّفهُ, and ↓ سلّفهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He did to him, to be requited it, a good action and an evil action; as is shown by the words مَا أَسْلَفْتَ مِنْ إِسَآءَةٍ أَوْ إِحْسَانٍ وَمَا تُعْطِيهِ لِتُقْضَاهُ in art. قرض in the K, and by the corresponding words مَا سَلَّفْتَ مِنْ إِحْسَانٍ وَمِنْ إِسَآءَةٍ in the same art. in the S: see also Bd in xxxvi. 11: and see زَلَّفَهُ. And hence,] a poet says, تُسَلِّفُ ↓ الجَارَ شِرْبًا وَهْىَ حَائِمَةٌ وَالمَآءُ لَزْنٌ بَكِىْءُ العَيْنِ مُقْتَسَمُ (assumed tropical:) [They (referring to camels) yield promptly to the neighbour a draught of milk, while they are thirsty, and going round about the water, when the water is crowded upon, scanty in the source, divided by lot]. (TA. [See also some verses of El-Akra' Ibn-Mo'ádh, in which the former hemistich occurs with a different latter hemistich, in the Ham p. 753.]) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one.5 تسلّف He received payment in advance: and ↓ استسلف [perhaps a mistranscription for ↓ استلف] signifies [the same; or] he took, or received, what is termed سَلَف. (Msb.) b2: [and hence,] تسلّف مِنْهُ He received from him a loan; syn. اِقْتَرَضَ; as also ↓ استلف. (A in art. قرض.) And تسلّف مِنْهُ كَذَا He received as a loan from him such a thing. (TA.) b3: See also 10. b4: And تسلّف He ate the [portion of food termed] سُلْفَة. (MA.) [See also 2.]6 تسالفا They two took as their wives two sisters. (M, K.) 8 إِسْتَلَفَ see 5, in two places.10 اِسْتَسْلَفْتُ مِنْهُ دَرَاهِمَ I sought, or demanded, of him money as a loan; as also ↓ تَسَلَّفْتُ. (S, * TA.) Hence, استسلف مِنْ أَعْرَابِىٍّ بَكْرًا He sought, or demanded, as a loan, from an Arab of the desert, a [youthful he-camel such as is termed]

بَكْر. (TA.) b2: And استسلف ثَمَنَهُ He sought, or demanded, its price in advance; syn. اِسْتَقْرَضَهُ. (Har p. 530.) b3: See also 5.

A2: [And استسلف He took as his wife the wife of his deceased brother: so in a version of the Bible, in Deut. xxv. 5: mentioned by Golius.]

سَلْفٌ A [bag for travelling-provisions &c., such as is termed] جِرَاب, (M, K,) of any sort: (M:) or a large جِرَاب: (S, M, K:) [and the contr., i. e. a small one: (Freytag, from the Kitáb el-Addád:)] or a hide not well, or not thoroughly, tanned: (M, K, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَسْلُفٌ and [of mult.] سُلُوفٌ. (M, K.) سُلْفٌ [perhaps a mistranscription for سُلَفٌ, q. v.,] A certain species of bird, not particularized. (TA.) b2: See also مِسْلَفٌ.

سِلْفٌ; and its fem., with ة; and their duals: see سَلِفٌ, in five places: A2: and see سَلَفٌ, last sentence.

سَلَفٌ Such as have gone before, or preceded; (M, Msb; *) [i. e. the preceding generations;] as also ↓ سَلِيفٌ and ↓ سُلْفَةٌ and ↓ سَلُوفٌ; all quasipl. ns.; (M;) of which the sing. is ↓ سَالِفٌ: (M, Msb: *) or such as have gone before, or preceded, of a man's ancestors (S, K) and of his relations, (K,) that are above him in age and in excellence; [but this addition is not always agreeable with usage;] one of whom is termed ↓ سَالِفٌ: (TA:) the pl. of سَلَفٌ is أَسْلَافٌ and سُلَّافٌ, (S, K,) [the former a pl. of pauc. and the latter of mult.,] or the latter is pl. of ↓ سَالِفٌ, and so is سَلَفٌ [said to be, though this is more properly termed, as it is in the M, a quasi-pl. n.]: (IB, Msb, TA:) and, accord. to Zj, سُلُفٌ is pl. of ↓ سَلِيفٌ, and سُلَفٌ is pl. of ↓ سُلْفَةٌ, which means a company (عُصْبَةٌ) that has passed away: (M:) or ↓ سَالِفٌ and ↓ سَلِيفٌ signify the same; going before; preceding; syn. مُتَقَدِّمٌ. (S.) [Accord. to Abu-lMahásin, السَّلَفُ is particularly applied to 'Áïsheh the wife of Mohammad, the three Khaleefehs Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar and 'Othmán, Talhah and Ez-Zubeyr, the Khaleefeh Mo'áwiyeh, and 'Amr Ibn-El-Ás. (De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., i. 156.)] And السَّلَفُ الصَّالِحُ is applied to the first chief persons of the Tábi'ees. (TA.) and السَّلَفُ المُقَدَّمُ is an appellation of the prophet Mohammad. (Ham p. 780.) [Hence, مَذَاهِبُ السَّلَفِ The tenets of the early Muslims.] b2: Also A people, or party, going before, or preceding, in journeying. (TA.) b3: And [simply] A company of men; as in the saying, جَآءَنِى سَلَفٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ [A company of men came to me]. (M.) b4: and Any good, or righteous, deed, that one has done beforehand [by way of preparing a future reward]: or any فَرَط [i. e. cause of reward, or recompense, in the world to come, such as a child dying in infancy], that [as it were] goes before one. (A 'Obeyd, O, K.) b5: And i. q. سَلَمٌ; (T, Hr, Mgh, O, K, TA;) i. e. Any money, or property, paid in advance, or beforehand, as the price of a commodity for which the seller has become responsible and which one has bought on description: (T, TA:) or payment for a commodity to be delivered at a certain [future] period with something additional to [the equivalent of] the current price at the time of such payment; this [transaction] being a cause of profit to him who makes such payment; and سَلَمٌ also has this meaning: (TA:) or a sort of sale in which the price is paid in advance, and the commodity is withheld, on the condition of description, to a certain [future] period: (S, O:) it is a subst. from الإِسْلَافُ. (Msb, * K, TA.) b6: and A loan (قَرْضٌ) in which is no profit (Hr, O, Mgh, K, TA) to the lender (Hr, O, K, TA) except recompense [in the world to come] and thanks, (TA,) and which it is incumbent on the recipient thereof to return as he received it: (Hr, O, K, TA:) thus the Arabs term it: (Hr, O, TA:) and in this sense also the word is a subst. from الإِسْلَافُ. (TA.) A2: Also A stallion-camel. (IAar, M, TA.) A3: Also, (M,) or ↓ سُلْفَةٌ, (O, TA,) The prepuce of a boy; (M, O, TA;) so says Lth; (O, TA;) and ↓ سَلِفٌ and ↓ سِلْفٌ signify the same; for this is meant by الجِلْدُ as an explanation of السَّلِفُ and السِّلْفُ in the K, in some copies of which الخُلْدُ is erroneously put for الجِلْدُ. (TA.) سَلِفٌ and ↓ سِلْفٌ The husband of the sister of the wife of a man: (S, K:) and [the duals]

سَلِفَانِ (M, TA) and ↓ سِلْفَانِ (M, K) signify the two husbands of two sisters: (M, K:) accord. to IAar, the epithet سَلِفَةٌ [or ↓ سِلْفَةٌ] is not applied to a woman; (M;) one only uses the term سَلِفَانِ applied to two men: (M:) or, (M, K,) accord. to Kr, سَلِفَتَانِ, (M,) or ↓ سِلْفَتَانِ, (K,) is applied to the two wives of two brothers: (M, K:) [in the present day, ↓ سِلْفَةٌ is used as meaning a woman's husband's sister, and her brother's wife:] the pl. applied to men is أَسْلَافٌ, (M, K, TA,) and that applied to women is سَلَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also سَلَائِفُ, last sentence.

سَلَفٌ The young one of the حَجَل [or partridge]: (S, M, K:) or, accord. to Kr, of the قَطَاة [n. un. of قَطًا, q. v.]: (M:) AA says that he had not heard سُلَفَةٌ, applied to the female; but if one said سُلَفَةٌ, like as one says سُلَكَةٌ as meaning a single female of what are termed سِلْكَانِ, it would be approvable: (S:) the pl. is سِلْفَانِ (S, M, K) and سُلْفَانٌ: (M, K:) some say that سِلْفَانٌ signifies a species of bird, not particularized. (M.) [See also سُلَحٌ and سُلَكٌ.]

سُلْفَةٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in two places. [Hence,] one says, جَاؤُوا سُلْفَةً سُلْفَةً, meaning They came [one before another; or, which is virtually the same,] one after, or near after, or at the heels of, another. (Az, K.) b2: Also A portion of food (S, M, TA) which a man takes betimes, (S,) or with which one contents, or satisfies, himself [so as to allay the craving of his stomach], (M,) before the [morning-meal called]

غَدَآء; (S, M, TA;) i. q. لُمْجَةٌ (K, TA) and لُهْنَةٌ: (TA:) or a لُهْنَة that is supplied betimes for a guest, before the غَدَآء. (TA.) b3: And السُّلْفَة also signifies That which a woman reposits, or prepares, or provides, [app. of food,] to present to her visiter. (M.) A2: Also A piece, or portion, of land of seed-produce made even [with the مِسْلَفَة, q. v.]: pl. سُلَفٌ. (Az, O, K.) A3: and Thin skin (M, O, K) which is put as a lining to boots, (O, K,) sometimes red, and [sometimes] yellow. (O.) b2: See also سَلَفٌ, last sentence.

سِلْفَةٌ; and its dual: see سَلِفٌ, in three places.

أَرْضٌ سَلِفَةٌ Land in which are few trees. (AA, K.) A2: [See also سَلَفٌ.]

سُلَافٌ (T, S, M, Mgh) and ↓ سُلَافَةٌ (T, M, Mgh) The portion that flows before its being expressed, (S, Mgh,) of the juice of the grape; (S;) and this is the most excellent of wine: (Mgh:) or the first that is expressed, of wine: or the portion that flows without its being expressed: or the first that descends, thereof: (M:) or the clearest, or purest, and most excellent, of wine, such as flow from the grapes without their being pressed, and without steeping, or maceration; (T, TA;) and in like manner, such as flows from dates, (T, TA,) and from raisins, before water has been added to it (T, M, * TA) after the exuding of the first thereof; (T, TA:) or the latter signifies the first that is expressed, of anything: (M:) or it has this meaning also: and the former is a name for wine [absolutely]: (S:) or each has this meaning: (K:) or each signifies the clear, or pure, of wine, and of anything. (M.) b2: سُلَافُ العَسْكَرِ: see سَالِفٌ.

سَلُوفٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence. b2: Also, applied to a she-camel, (S, M, K,) That is among the foremost of the camels when they come to the water: (S, K:) or that precedes the [other] camels to the watering-trough or tank: (M:) or that precedes, or leads, the other camels; opposed to عَنُودٌ. (El-Keysee, TA in art. عند.) b3: And A swift, or fleet, horse: (M, K:) pl. سُلْفٌ. (K.) b4: And An arrow having a long head: (M:) or a long arrow-head. (K.) سَلِيفٌ: see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in three places.

A2: Also A road, or way. (TA.) سُلَافَةٌ: see سُلَافٌ.

سَالِفٌ Passing; passing away; coming to an end, or to nought; becoming cut off: (Msb:) and going before; preceding: (S:) pl. سُلَّافٌ and [quasi-pl. n.] سَلَفٌ: (IB, Msb, TA:) see سَلَفٌ, first sentence, in four places. [Hence,] الأُمَمُ السَّالِفَةُ The peoples going before, or preceding, [or that have gone, or passed away, before,] those remaining, or continuing: (K, * TA:) pl. سَوَالِفُ. (TA.) One says, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ فِى الأُمَمِ السَّالِفَةِ وَالقُرُونِ السَّوَالِفِ [That was in the time of the preceding peoples, and the preceding generations]: the pl. in this instance being used because every portion of the قرون is termed سَالِفَةٌ. (TA.) [Hence also,] العَسْكَرِ سُلَّافٌ, in the K, by implication, العسكر ↓ سُلَافُ, the former word like غُرَاب, whereas it is correctly like رُمَّان, The van of the army, as expl. in the K. (TA.) سَالِفَةٌ [fem. of سَالِفٌ, q. v. b2: And hence, as a subst.,] The side of the fore part of the neck, from the place of suspension of the ear-ring to the hollow (قَلْت [in the CK erroneously قَلْب]) of the collar-bone: (S, K:) or the upper, or uppermost, part of the neck: (M:) or the side of the neck, (M, Mgh, TA,) from the place of suspension of the ear-ring to the حَاقِنَة [here meaning the pit of the collar-bone]: pl. سَوَالِفُ. (M.) In the saying إِنَّهَا لَوَضَّاحَةُ السَّوَالِفِ [Verily she is fair in respect of the سَالِفَة], mentioned by Lh, the term سالفة is made applicable to every part thereof, and then the pl. is used accordingly. (M.) It is said in a trad. respecting [the covenant at] El-Hodeybiyeh, لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ حَتَّى تَنْفَرِدَ سَالِفَتِى

i. e. [I will assuredly fight with them, or combat them,] until the side of my neck shall become separate from what is next to it: an allusion to death. (TA.) b3: And [hence, i. e.] by the application of the name of the place to that which occupies the place, (assumed tropical:) The locks of hair that are made to hang down upon the cheek [or rather upon the side of the fore part of the neck]: said by MF to be metonymical, or tropical. (TA.) b4: Also The fore part of the neck of a horse (K, TA) &c.: so in the O and L. (TA.) بَيْنَهُمَا أُسْلُوفَةٌ Between them two is صِهْرٌ [i. e. affinity, app. by their having married to sisters: see سَلِفٌ]. (O, K.) مُسْلِفٌ, (S, M, O, L,) thus in some copies of the K, as in the S &c., but in other copies of the K, erroneously, ↓ سُلْفٌ, (TA,) A woman that has attained the age of five and forty years, (S, M, O, K,) and the like: (S, M, O:) or i. q. نَصَفٌ [i. e. middle-aged, or forty-five years old, or fifty years old]: (M:) an epithet specially applied to a female. (S, O.) A poet says, وَكَاعِبٌ وَمُسْلِفُ فِيهِ ثَلَاثٌ كَالدُّمَى

[Among them three females like the images of ivory, or of marble, &c., and one with swelling breasts, and one of middle age, &c.]. (S, M: in the O with إِلَى in the place of فِيهَا.) مِسْلَفَةٌ An instrument with which land is made even, (S, M, O, K, TA,) of stone: A 'Obeyd says, I think it is a stone made round [or cylindrical, i. e. a stone roller,] which is rolled upon the land to make it even. (TA.) [In the present day, applied to A harrow.]

أَرْضٌ الجَنَّةِ مَسْلُوفَةٌ, occurring in a trad., The ground of Paradise is made even: (As, T, S, O, TA:) said by As to be of the dial. of El-Yemen and Et-Táïf: accord. to IAth, smooth and soft. (TA.)

وشح

2 وشّح المَرْأَةَ, inf. n. تَوْشِيجٌ, He put on the woman a وِشَاح, q. v. (S, K.) b2: See 5. b3: وشّحهُ وِشَاحًا (tropical:) He struck him a blow upon the place of the وِشَاح. (TA.) 5 توشّحت, (S, K,) and ↓ اتّشحت, (K,) She (a woman) put on, or decked herself with, a وِشَاح q. v. (S, K.) b2: تّوشح بِثَوْبِهِ, (S, K, &c.,) and بِهِ ↓ اتّشح, (Msb,) (tropical:) i. q. تَقَلَّدَ: (K:) but MF disapproves of this explanation: (TA:) or He put his garment under his right arm-pit, and threw it [meaning a portion of it] over his left shoulder, like as the مُحْرِم does; (T, Msb;) like تَأَبَّطَ and اِضْطَبَعَ: (T:) or he threw a portion of his garment over his left shoulder, and drew its extremity under his right arm, and tied the two extremities together in a knot upon his bosom. (M.) Also, He wrapped himself up in his garment. (L.) b3: الثَّوْبَ ↓ وشّحهُ, as also أَشَّحَهُ (tropical:) He put on him the garment in the manner described in the explanation of the phrase توشّح بِثَوْبِهِ. (M, L.) b4: توشّح بِسَيْفِهِ (S, K, &c.) (tropical:) i. q. تَقَلَّدَهُ: (K:) [or i. q.] توشّح بِحَمَائِلِ سَيْفِهِ He put the suspensories of his sword over his left shoulder, leaving the right bare: (T:) and توشّح بِنِجَادِهِ [signifies the same]. (A.) b5: توشح بِلِجَامِهِ (L) (tropical:) He threw the bit and bridle of his horse upon his shoulder, and put his arm through it, so that it became like a وِشَاح. (Expos. of the Mo'allakát printed at Calcutta, p. 171.) [See the verse of Lebeed quoted below.] b6: توشّح امْرَأَةً (tropical:) Inivit feminam: (A, TA:) or he embraced a woman round the neck, and turned her over. (TA.) 8 إِوْتَشَحَ see 5, in two places.

إِأُشَاحٌ: see وِشَاحٌ.

وِشَاحٌ and وُشَاحٌ, (S, K,) also written ↓ إِشَاحٌ and أُشَاحٌ, and by poetic licence ↓ وِشْحَنٌّ, (S.) An ornament worn by women, (L,) [consisting of] two series (كِرْسَانِ) of pearls and jewels strung or put together in regular order, which two series are disposed, or placed, contrariwise, (يُخَالَفُ بَيْنَهُمَا,) one of them being turned (مَعْطُوف) over the other [so that they cross each other]: (L, K:) or a thing woven of leather, and adorned with jewels, like a قِلَادَة, worn by a woman: (Msb:) or a wide [piece, or thing, of] leather, (K,) or a thing woven of leather, in a wide, or broad, form, (S,) and adorned with jewels, which a woman binds (تَشُدُّهُ) between her shoulders and her flanks: (Lth, S, Mgh, K:) or a قِلَادَة of the belly, which is sometimes long, so that the redundant portions of its two extremities are thrown over the shoulders: (Mgh:) or one of a pair of necklaces which a woman makes to hang down upon her sides; one upon her right side, and the other upon her left: (W. 144:) [hence it seems to be of different kinds; one kind consisting of two ornaments resembling necklaces, one of which rests upon the right shoulder and against the left flank, the other resting upon the left shoulder and against the right flank; another kind seems, from an expression in the A, “a woman bearing a وِشَاح, and وِشَاحَيْنِ,” to be one such ornament; another, an ornament resembling a necklace, thrown over the head, so as to rest upon the shoulders, crossing in front, and passing round the loins, and is tied or crossed in front, and of which the redundant portions are thrown over the shoulders: see also كَشْحٌ:] pl. وُشُحٌ and أَوْشِحَةٌ (S, K) and وَشَائِحُ: (M, K:) the last thought by ISd to be formed as though from وشاحة. (L.) b2: Lebeed says: وَلَقَدْ حَمَيْتُ الحَىَّ تَحْمِلُ شِكِّتِى

فُرُطٌ وِشَاحِى إِذْ غَدَوْتُ لِجَامُهَا [And I have protected the tribe; a swift, outstripping, horse, whose bit and bridle were my وِشَاح when I went away, bearing my arms: see توشّح بلجامه]: he relates his having gone forth as a scout for his people, mounted on his camel, with his horse by his side, and bearing its bit and bridle like a وشاح, so that he might bit the horse if he perceived the enemy. (L.) b3: وِشَاحٌ (assumed tropical:) A bow: (L:) [so called because of the manner in which it is worn]. b4: وِشَاحٌ (M) and ↓ وِشَاحَةٌ (M, K) (assumed tropical:) A sword: (M, K:) so called because of the manner in which it is worn: see 5. (M.) b5: هِىَ غَرْثَى الوِشَاحِ, [and عَطْشَى الوِشَاحِ, or عَطِشَةُ الوِشَاحِ, and جَائِعَةُ الوشاح,] (tropical:) She is slender in the belly and flanks. (K.) [See also art. غرث.]

وِشَاحَةٌ: see وِشَاحٌ.

وَشْحّآءُ A she-goat (S, K) that is black, (L,) with a white mark, or with two white marks, like a وِشَاح; expl. by مُوَشَّحَةٌ بِبَيَاضٍ. (S, L, K.) مُوَشَّحٌ (tropical:) A garment, and a cock, having two marks like a وِشَاح. (L.) b2: مُوَشَّحَةٌ (tropical:) A gazelle, and a sheep, and a bird, having two streaks, or strips, one on each side. (L.) [See صُلْصُلٌ.]

وحش

1 وَحُشَ, aor. ـُ [inf. n., probably, وُحُوشَةٌ or وَحَاشَةٌ or both,] It (a place) abounded with wild animals. (IKtt.) [The meaning assigned to this verb in Freytag's Lex. belongs not to it, but to وَخُشَ.]

A2: وَحَشَ بِهِ, or بِهَا,] aor. ـِ (IAar, K,) inf. n. وَحْشٌ; (TK;) and بِهِ ↓ وحّش, (S, K,) or بِهَا, (S, A,) which latter form of the verb is disapproved by IAar, but both are correct; (TA;) and ↓ توحّش [app. used alone, the objective complement being understood]; (TA;) He threw it, or them, away, (S, K,) or to a distance, (A,) namely, his garment, (S, K,) or his garments, (A,) and his sword, (TA,) and his spear, (S, TA,) and his weapon, or weapons, (S, A,) or anything, (TA,) to lighten himself, (A,) or his beast of carriage, (TA,) in fear of his being overtaken: (S, K:) [or in any case; for] it is said in a trad. of El-Ows and ElKhazraj, فَوَحَشُوا بِأَسْلِحَتِهِمْ واعْتَنَقَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا [Then they threw away their weapons, and embraced one another]. (TA.) 2 وَحَّشَ see 1.4 اوحش It (a place, A, Msb, or a place of alighting or abode, S, K) was, or became, desolate, deserted, or destitute of human beings; (S, A, Msb, K,) the people having gone from it; (S, K;) as also ↓ توحّش. (A, Msb, K.) And [in like manner you say of a land,] الأَرْضُ ↓ توحّشت, [and ↓ استوحشت, (see أَرْضٌ وَحْشَةٌ, voce وَحْشٌ,)] The land was, or became وَحْشَة (S, TA) [i. e. desolate, deserted, &c.] b2: He (a man) was, or became, hungry; (S, A, K, TA;) not having eaten anything, so that his inside was empty; (TA;) as also ↓ توحّش: (A:) or the latter signifies his belly became empty by reason of hunger. (S, K.) Also the former, His provisions became spent, or exhausted. (S, K.) You say, قَدْ أَوْحَشْنَا مُنْذُ لَيْلَتَيْنِ Our provisions have been spent for two nights. (S.) You say also, ↓ توحّش لِلدَّوَآءِ (S, A, K *) He made himself hungry; (A;) or made his inside, (S,) or his stomach, (K,) empty of food (S, K) and beverage; (K;) for the purpose of drinking medicine. (S, * A, * K.) A2: اوحش الأَرْضَ He found the land to be وَحْشَة (As, S, K) [i. e. desolate, deserted, or destitute of human beings b2: اوحش الرَّجُلَ (S, A) He made the man lonely, or solitary; and sad, sorrowful, or disquieted or troubled in mind; [by his absence, or withdrawal of himself; and afraid;] or he made him to feel, or experience, وَحْشَة [i. e. loneliness, or solitude, &c.]; (S;) contr. of آنَسَهُ, (S, K, in art. أنس,) inf. n. إِينَاسٌ. (S, in that art.) Hence the saying of the people of Mekkeh, [and of Egypt,] أَوْحَشْتَنَا [Thou hast made us lonely, &c., by thine absence]. (TA.) [See also an ex. from a poet, voce أُنْسٌ: and see its quasi-pass., 10.]5 توحّش He (a beast) became wild, or shy; syn. أَبَدَ, (S, A, K, &c., in art. أبد,) and تَأَبَّدَ. (A, L, in that art.) And He (a man) became unsocial, unsociable, unfamiliar, or shy; like a wild animal; syn. أَبِدَ, (S, K, ubi supra,) and تَأَبَّدَ: (A, K, ubi supra;) and ↓ استوحش signifies the same; (see this verb below;) or he became, or made himself, as though on a par with the wild animals; expl. by لَحِقَ بَالْوَحْشِ. (TA.) [See exs. of both voce أَنِسَ.] b2: See also 4, in five places. b3: And see 1.10 استوحش: see 5. b2: It is also quasi-pass. of أَوْحَشَ الرَّجُلَ, (S, TA,) and [thus] signifies He felt, or experienced, وَحْشَة [i. e. loneliness, or solitude, &c.; and sadness, grief, sorrow, or disquietude or trouble of mind, &c.; and fear, &c.]. (S, * K, TA.) And استوحش إِلَى الشَّىْءِ [He felt a want of the thing]. (K, voce عُرِىَ, q. v.) Yousay also استوحش مِنْهُ, (A, TA,) or عَنْهُ, (Msb,) [meaning He was afraid of, or feared, him, or it; agreeably with an explanation of the inf. n. in Har, p. 331: see also an instance below, voce وَحْشٌ: or] meaning he was shy of him; averse from him; unsocial, unsociable, or unfamiliar, with him; and like a wild animal. (TA.) b3: استوحشت الأَرْضُ: see 4.

A2: [He deemed a word, or sound, &c., strange, or uncouth.]

حِشَةٌ: pl. حِشُونَ: see وَحْشٌ.

وَحْشٌ, applied to a country, or region, (S, K,) and a place, (TA,) and a house (داَرٌ), (A,) and [its fem.] وَحْشَةٌ, applied to a land (أَرْضٌ), (S, TA,) to a house (دار); (A;) Desolate, deserted, or destitute of human beings or inhabitants; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ مُوحِشٌ and ↓ مُتَوَحِّشٌ: (A:) and أَرْضٌ وَحْشَةٌ and ↓ مُسْتَوْحِشَةٌ signify the same. (K, TA.) You say also, بِلَادٌ حِشُونَ Countries, or regions, desolate, deserted, &c.; after the manner of سِنُونَ; and in the accus. and gen., حِشِينَ: pl., as Az says, of ↓ حِشَةٌ, originally وَحْشٌ, [So I read instead of وَحْشَة, which is evidently a mistranscription,] the و being wanting, as it is in زِنَةٌ and صِلَةٌ and عِدَةٌ. (TA.) You also say, لَقِيتُهُ بِوَحْشِ إِصْمِتَ, (S, K,) and إِصْمِتَةَ, (TA,) i. e., I found him, or met him, in a desolate, or deserted, country, or region. (S, K.) [See remarks on the last word in the former phrase in art. صمت.] And in like manner, تَرَكْتُهُ بِوَحْشِ المَتْنِ I left him in the desert part of the elevated plain, where one could not reach him. (L, TA. *) And [hence] حِمَارُ وَحْشٍ An ass of a desert; [i. e. a wild ass;] as also حِمَارٌ وَحْشِىٌّ. (S, K.) [And بَقَرُ الوَحْشِ The bull and cow, or bulls and cows, collectively, of the desert; i. e., the wild bull and cow, or bulls and cows.] b2: [Hence also] Animals (حَيَوَان [which is used as a sing. and a pl., but is here meant to be understood collectively, as appears from what follows,]) of the desert, (S, A, K, TA,) such as are not tame; (TA;) [i. e. wild animals;] of the fem. gender; (TA;) as also وُحُوشٌ (S) and ↓ وَحِيشٌ: (K:) these three words are all used in a collective sense: (ISh:) and ↓ وَحْشِىٌّ signifies a single one of such animals; (S, K;) like زَنْجِىٌّ in relation to زَنْجٌ, and رُومِىٌّ to رُومٌ: (TA:) or وَحْشٌ signifies such as is not tame, of beasts of the desert; and everything that is afraid of human beings (كُلُّ شَىْءٍ يَسْتَوْحِشُ عَنِ النَّاسِ); as also ↓ وَحْشِىٌّ, as though the ى were a corroborative, as in دوَّارِىٌّ: or, accord. to El-Fárábee, وَحْشٌ in the pl. [lexicologically, but not in the language of the grammarians] of ↓ وَحْشِىٌّ, like as رُومٌ is of رُومِىٌّ: (Msb:) or it is used as a sing., as well as collectively; for you say, هٰذَا وَحْشٌ ضَخْمٌ [this is a bulky wild animal], and هٰذِهِ شَاةٌ وَحْشٌ [this is a wild sheep or goat, &c.]: (ISh:) وُحُوشٌ is a pl. of وَحْشٌ, (Msb, K,) and so is وُحْشَانٌ, (Sgh, K,) and so is وَحِيشٌ, [lexicologically, but grammarians term it a quasi-pl. n.,] like as ضَئِينٌ is of ضَأْنٌ: (Sgh, TA:) or وُحُوشٌ is its only broken pl. (TA.) b3: [Hence also, Wild, or shy; applied to girls or women: see an ex. of the word in this sense voce تَوٌّ, where it has a redundant ن affixed to it.] b4: [Hence also] Lone; solitary; without company. You say. مَشَى فِى الأَرْضِ وَحْشًا He walked, or went, in the land alone, having no other with him. (TA.) b5: [Hence also] Hungry; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ مُوحِشٌ, (Az, A,) and ↓ مُتَوَحِّشٌ, (A,) and ↓ وَحِشٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first, أَوْحَاشٌ (S, A, K) [and وَحْشُونَ]. You say, بَاتَ فُلَانٌ وَحْشًا, (S, A, * K, *) and مُوحِشًا, and مُتَوَحِّشًا, (A,) Such a one passed the night hungry, (S, A, K,) not having eaten anything, so that his inside was empty. (TA.) And بِتْنَا وَحْشِينَ We passed the night without food. (TA.) [In another place in the TA, we find لَقَدْ بِتْنَا لَيْلَتَنَا هٰذِهِ وَحْشِى, and so in the L; the last word being evidently a mistranscription, for وَحْشِينَ: and it is added, as though the speaker meant, جَمَاعَةَ وَحْشَى; doubtless a mistake for جَمَاعَةَ وَحْشٍ so that the saying seems to mean, We have passed this our night like a company of wild animals.]

وَحِشٌ: see وَحْشٌ, last signification.

وَحْشَةٌ Loneliness; solitude; lonesomeness; solitariness; desolateness; syn. خَلْوَةٌ: (S, K:) sadness; grief; sorrow; disquietude, or trouble, of mind: (S, K, TA:) or sadness, &c., arising from loneliness or solitude: (TA:) fear: (K, TA:) or fear, or fright, arising from loneliness or solitude: (TA:) a state of disunion between men, and remoteness of hearts from feelings of love or affection; from وَحْشٌ signifying “ a wild beast,” or “ wild beasts, of the desert: ” (Msb:) unsociableness; unfriendliness; unsocialness; unfamiliarity; shyness; wildness: [in all the above senses] contr. of أُنْسٌ. (T, S, A, K, in art. أنس.) [Hence, لَيْلَةُ الوَحْشَةِ The night of loneliness, &c.; the first night after burial: also called لَيْلَةُ الوَحْدَةِ, q. v.] You say, تَرَكْتُهُ فِى وَحْشَةٍ I left him in loneliness, or solitude. (TK.) And أَخَذَتْهُ الوَحْشَةُ Sadness, grief, sorrow, or disquietude or trouble of mind, or sadness, &c., arising from loneliness or solitude, laid hold upon him. (TA.) وَحْشِىٌّ [Of, or belonging to, or relating to, the desert: and hence, wild; untamed; undomesticated; uncivilized; unfamiliar: and often used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant]: see وَحْشٌ, in three places: i. q. حُوشِىٌّ; (S, Msb, art. حوش;) contr. of أَهْلِىٌّ. (TA, in art. اهل.) b2: كَلَامٌ وَحْشِىٌّ (tropical:) i. q. حُوشِىٌّ, q. v. (S, A, art. حوش:) and in like manner, ↓ لَفْظَةٌ وَحْشِيَّةٌ (tropical:) i. q. حُوشِيَّةٌ. (Mz, 13th نوع.) b3: The right side of anything: (Az, AA, S, K, &c.:) or the left side (As, S, A, K,) of anything. (As, S.) [For more full explanations of this term, and its contr. إِنْسِىٌّ, in relation to a beast and to a man, see the latter term: of a beast, accord. to most authorities, it is The right, far or off, side. See an ex. in a verse cited voce دَفٌّ.] Of the arm or hand, and of the leg or foot, The back; إِنْسِىٌّ signifying the side that is towards the man: (S:) or of the foot, the former means [the outer side, or] the side that is the more remote from the other foot; the latter being the contr., or that which is towards the other foot. (TA.) Of a bow, (S, K,) or of a Persian bow, (TA,) The back; and إِنْسِىٌّ, the side that is towards thee: (S, K:) or of a bow, whether Persian or not is not said, the former means the side against which the arrow does not lie. (TA.) And ↓ الجَانِبُ الوَحِيشُ signifies the same as الوَحْشِىُّ. (IAar.) b4: A sort of fig, that grows in the mountains and in the remote parts of valleys, of every colour, black and red and white; it is the smallest of figs, [in the TA, smaller than the تبن,] and when eaten newly plucked it burns the mouth; but it is dried. (AHn, L.) b5: وَحْشِيَّةٌ [or رِيحٌ وَحْشِيَّةٌ] A wind that enters one's clothes, by reason of its vehemence. (K.) وَحْشَانُ, applied to a man, Sad; sorrowful: pl. وَحَاشَى. (K.) وَحِيشٌ: see وَحْشٌ, (of which it is a quasi-pl. n.,) in two places: b2: and see وَحْشِىٌّ.

مُوحِشٌ: see وَحْشٌ, first sentence, and near the end.

أَرْضٌ مَوْحُوشَةٌ A land having, (Fr, S, A,) or abounding with, (K,) wild animals, or animals of the desert. (Fr, S, A, K.) [See أَرْضٌ مَجْرُوَدةٌ, in art. جرد.] In [some of] the copies of the K, مُوحِشَةٌ, which is a mistake. (TA.) مُتَوَحِّشٌ: see وَحْشٌ, first sentence, and near the end: أَرْضٌ مُسْتَوْحِشَةٌ: see وَحْشٌ, first sentence.

وعظ

1 وَعَظَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. وَعْظٌ and عِظَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) in which the ة is a substitute for the elided و, (TA,) and عَظَةٌ, (TA,) and مَوْعِظَةٌ, (K,) in which the ة is not to denote the fem. gender, because this is not real, (TA,) or this last is a simple subst., (Msb,) He exhorted him, admonished him, or warned him; he put him in fear: (IF:) he exhorted him to obedience; commanded him to obey: (Msb:) he gave him good advice, or counsel; and reminded him of the results of affairs: (S:) he reminded him by informing him of that which should make the heart tender: (Kh:) he reminded him of that which should soften his heart, by the mention of reward and punishment. (K.) It is said in the Kur, [xxxiv. 45,] إِنَّمَا أَعِظكُمْ بِوَاحِدَةٍ I only exhort you, or command you, to do one thing. (Msb.) And you say, وُعِظَ بِغَيْرِهِ [He was exhorted, admonished, or warned, by the example of another: see 8]. (S.) [And وعَظَ, alone, He preached a sermon or sermons.]8 إِتَّعَظَ [He became exhorted, admonished, warned, or put in fear:] he obeyed, or conformed to, [an exhortation to obedience, or] a command, and restrained himself: (Msb:) he accepted good advice, and the being reminded of the results of affairs: (S:) he became reminded of that which should soften his heart, by the mention of reward and punishment. (K.) It is said, السَّعِيدُ مَنْ وُعِظَ يِغَيْرِهِ وَالشَّقِىُّ مَنْ اتَّعَظَ بِهِ غَيْرُهُ [The happy is he who is exhorted, or admonished, or warned, by the example of another, and the unhappy is he by the example of whom another becomes exhorted, or admonished, or warned]. (S, L.) عِظَةٌ: see 1. b2: [As a simple subst.,] it has for its pl. عِظَاتٌ: and is syn. with ↓ مَوْعِظَةٌ: (TA:) [the pl. of the latter is مَوَاعِظُ.] It is said in trad., لَأَجْعَلَنَّكَ عِظَةً I will assuredly make thee a warning, or an example, to others. (TA.) And in the Kur, [ii. 276,] فَمَنْ جَآءَهُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ ↓ مَوْعِظَةٌ [But he to whom cometh an exhortation, or an admonition, or warning, from his Lord]. (TA.) And ↓ القَتْلُوبِالمَوْعِظَةِ [The slaying by way of warning], mentioned in a trad., is when the innocent is slain in order that he who gives reason for suspicion may become warned. (TA.) وَعَّاظٌ: see وَاعِظٌ.

وَاعِظٌ [One who exhorts, admonishes, warns, or puts in fear:] one who exhorts to obedience; who commands to obey: (Msb:) one who gives good advice, or counsel; [who reminds of the results of affairs; &c.: and a preacher of a sermon or sermons: see 1:] and in like manner ↓ وَعَّاظٌ [one who exhorts, &c., much, or frequently]: (TA:) pl. of the former وُعَّاظٌ. (Msb, TA.) مَوْعِظَةٌ: see 1:

b2: and عِظَةٌ, in three places.

زور

1 زَارَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. زِيَارَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and زَوْرٌ (S, A, K) and مَزَارٌ (S, Msb, K) and زُوَارَةٌ (Ks, S) or زُوَارٌ; (K;) and ↓ ازدارهُ, (S, A, TA,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ from الزِّيَارَةُ, (S, TA,) is syn. with زَارَهُ; (A, TA;) [He visited him: lit.] he met him with his زَوْر [i. e. chest, or bosom]: or he repaired to his زَوْر, i. e. direction: (B, TA:) [or] he inclined towards him: (TA:) [see also زَوِرَ:] or he repaired to him: (A:) or he repaired to him from a desire to see him. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] زَارَ شَعُوبَ (tropical:) [lit., He visited death; i. e., he died]. (TA.) [See 4.]

A2: زَارَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. زِوَارٌ, (TA,) He bound upon him (namely a camel) the rope called زِوَار, q. v. (K.) A3: زَوِرَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. زَوَرٌ, He, or it, inclined. (TA.) [App. always used in a proper, not a tropical, sense. See زَوَرٌ below.] b2: He had the kind of distortion termed زَوَرٌ [which see, below]. (TA.) 2 زوّرهُ, (A, K,) inf. n. تَزْوِيرٌ, (S,) He honoured him; namely, a visiter; treated him with honour, or hospitality; (S, A, K;) made account of his visit; (A;) treated him well, and acknowledged his right as a visiter; (TA;) slaughtered for him, and treated him with honour or hospitality. (Az.) A2: زوّر الشَّهَادَةَ He annulled the testimony; (K, TA;) impugned and annulled it. (TA.) b2: El-Kattál says, وَنَحْنُ أُنَاسٌ عُودُنَا عُودُ نَبْعَةٍ

صَلِيبٌ وَفينَا قَسْوَةٌ لَا تُزَوَّرُ [And we are men whose wood of which our bows are made is hard wood of a neb'ah, and in us is hardiness not to be impugned and denied]: Aboo-'Adnán says, [perhaps reading نُزَوَّرُ, which may be the correct reading,] that he means, we are not to be calumniated, because of our hardness, or hardiness, nor to be held weak. (TA.) b3: زوّر نَفْسَهُ He stigmatized himself by the imputation of falsehood. (K.) [See also other explanations, below.] b4: زوّر كَلَامَهُ (assumed tropical:) He falsified his speech; he embellished his speech with lies; syn. زَخْرَفَهُ. (Msb.) [See also below.] b5: زوّر الكَذِبَ, (K,) inf. n. تَزْوِيرٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He embellished the lie. (S, K, TA.) b6: زوّر شَيْئًا (tropical:) He removed, or did away with, the obliquity of a thing; (TA;) he rectified, adjusted, or corrected, it; (IAar, S, Msb, K;) whether good or evil; (IAar, Msb;) he beautified, or embellished, it. (Az, S, K.) b7: زوّر كَلَامًا (tropical:) He made speech right and sound, (As,) prepared it, (As, Msb,) and measured it, (As,) فِى نَفْسِهِ in his mind, (Msb,) before he uttered it: (As:) he rectified, adjusted, or corrected, it; and beautified, or embellished, it; as also ↓ تزوّرهُ, occurring in a verse of Nasr. Ibn-Seiyár. (TA.) And [in like manner] زوّر الحَدِيثَ (tropical:) He rectified, or corrected, the story, narrative, or tradition, removing, or doing away with, its obliquity: and ↓ تزوّرهُ he did so (زِوّرهُ) to himself. (A.) b8: رَحِمَ اللّٰهُ امْرَأً زَوَّرَ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ, a saying of El-Hajjáj, May God have mercy upon a man who rectifies, or corrects, himself, against himself: (S, * TA:) or, as some say, who stigmatizes himself by the charge of falsehood against himself: or who accuses himself against himself: like as you say, أَنَا أُزَوِّرُكَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ I accuse thee [of wrong] against thyself. (TA.) A3: تَزْوِيرٌ is also syn. with تَشْبِيهٌ [The likening a thing to another thing; &c.]. (TA.) A4: زوّر said of a bird, inf. n. as above, His crop (حَوْصَلَتُهُ) became high: (Az, TA:) or became full. (TA.) 4 ازارهُ He incited him, or made him, to visit. (S, K.) You say أَزَرْتُهُ غَيْرِى I made him, or caused him, to visit another, not myself. (A.) b2: أَزَرْتُهُ شَعُوبَ (tropical:) I made him to visit death; [i. e., I killed him.] (TA.) [See 1.] b3: أَنَا أُزِيرُكُمْ ثَنَائِى (tropical:) [I will introduce you, or your name, in my eulogy; meaning I will praise you]. (A.) and أَزَرْتُكُمْ قَصَائِدِى (tropical:) [I have introduced you, or the mention of you, in my odes]. (A.) 5 تزوّر He said what was false; spoke falsely. (A.) A2: See also 2, in two places.6 تزاوروا They visited one another. (S, A, K.) You say, بَيْنَهُمْ تَزَاوُرٌ Between them is mutual visiting. (A.) b2: See also 9, in two places.8 اِزْدَارَ: see 1.

A2: Also, accord. to Aboo-'Amr El-Mutarriz, He swallowed a morsel, or mouthful; like اِزْدَرَدَ. (TA in art. زرد.) 9 ازورّ عَنْهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِزْوِرَارٌ; (S, A;) and ↓ ازوارّ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. اِزْوِيرَارٌ; (S;) and ↓ تزاور; (S, A, Msb, K;) He declined, or turned aside, from it. (S, A, * Msb, K.) ↓ تَزَّاوَرُ, in the Kur xviii. 16, is a contraction تَتَزَاوَرُ: (S;) تَزْوَرُّ is another reading. (TA.) b2: فِى صَدْرِهِ ازْوِرَارٌ In his breast, or chest, is crookedness, curving, or distortion. (A.) 10 استزارهُ He asked him to visit him. (S, A, * K.) 11 إِزْوَاْرَّ see 9.

زَارٌ: see زَارَةٌ.

زَوْرٌ: see زَائِرٌ, in three places. b2: Also A camel having the hump inclining. (TA.) b3: And, with ة, A she-camel that looks from the outer angle of her eye, by reason of her vehemence and sharpness of temper: (K, * TA: [see زَوْرَةٌ below: and see also أَزْوَرُ:]) and a strong and thick she-camel. (TA.) b4: And فَلَاةٌ زَوْرَةٌ A desert not of moderate extent, or not easy to traverse. (TA.) A2: The direction of a person to whom one repairs. (B.) b2: The breast, or chest: (TA:) or its upper, or uppermost, part: (S, A, Mgh:) in a horse, narrowness in this part is approved, and width in the لَبَان; as the poet 'Abd-Allah Ibn-Suleymeh says, making a distinction between these two parts: (S:) or its middle: or the elevated part of it, to the shoulder-blades: or the part where the extremities of the breast-bones meet together: (K:) or the whole of the breast of the camel: pl. أَزْوَارٌ. (TA.) Hence, بَنَاتُ الزَّوْرِ The ribs and other parts around the breast. (TA.) [Hence also, app. from the action of the camel when he lies down,] أَلْقَى زَوْرَهُ (tropical:) [lit. He threw his breast upon the ground;] he remained, stayed, or abode. (A.) b3: The lord, or chief, of a people; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ زُورٌ (Sh, K) and ↓ زُوَيْرٌ (IAar, S, K) and ↓ زَوِيرٌ (TA, as from the K, [in a copy of which SM appears to have found كَالزَّوِيرِ وَالزُّوَيْرِ كَزُبَيْرٍ وَخِدَبٍّ, instead of كَالزُّوَيْرِ وَالزِّوَرِّ الخ,]) and ↓ زِوَرٌّ. (K, TA.) A3: Determination: (T, M:) or strength of determination. (K.) b2: See also زُورٌ

A4: A palm-branch, or straight and slender palm-branch, from which the leaves have been stripped off: (Sgh, K, TA:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (Sgh, TA.) A5: Stone which appears to a person digging a well, and which, being unable to break it, he leaves apparent: (K:) or, as some say, a mass of rock, in an absolute sense. (TA.) زُورٌ A lie; a falsehood; an untruth: (S, Msb, K:) because it is a saying deviating from the truth. (TA.) So in the Kur xxii. 31: and so it is expl. in the trad., المُتَشَبِّعُ بِمَا لَمْ يُعْطَ كَلَابِسِ ثَوْبَىْ زُورٍ [He who boasts of abundance which he has not received is like the wearer of two garments of falsity]. (TA. [See art. شبع.]) So, too, in the Kur [xxv. 72], وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَشْهَدُونَ الزُّورَ And those who do not bear false witness. (Bd, Msb.) [But there are other explanations of these words of the Kur, which see below.] b2: What is false, or vain: (K:) or false witness: and a thing for which one is suspected, syn. تُهَمَةٌ. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) Anything that is taken as a lord in the place of God; (S;) a thing, (K,) or anything, (AO, A,) that is worshipped in the place of God; (AO, A, K;) as also زُونٌ, with ن: or a particular idol which was adorned with jewels, in the country of Ed-Dádar (الدَّادَر [a name I nowhere find]). (TA.) b4: See also زَوْرٌ. b5: (assumed tropical:) The association of another, or others, with God: (Zj, K:) so explained by Zj, in the Kur xxv. 72, quoted above: and so the phrase شَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ, occurring in a trad. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) [A place or] places in which lies are told: and the words in the Kur xxv. 72, quoted above, may mean, And those who are not present in places where lies are told: because the witnessing of what is false is participating therein: (Bd:) or the meaning here is the places where the Christians sit and converse: (Zj:) or where the Jews and Christians sit and converse: (TA, as from the K:) or the festivals of the Jews and Christians: (so in the CK and in a MS. copy of the K:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) a place, (K,) or places, (Zj,) where persons sit, and hear singing: (Zj, K:) or places where persons sit, and entertain themselves by frivolous or vain diversion: (Th:) but ISd says, I know not how this is, unless he mean the assemblies of polytheism, which includes the festivals of the Christians, and other festivals. (TA.) A2: Judgment: (K:) or judgment to which recourse may be had: (S:) or strength of judgment. (A.) [See also زَوْرٌ.] You say, مَا لَهُ زُورٌ وَلَا ضَيُّورٌ He has no judgment to which recourse may be had: (S:) or no strength of judgment: (A:) or no judgment, nor understanding or intellect or intelligence, to which recourse may be had: (TA:) for زُورٌ also signifies understanding, intellect, or intelligence; (Yaakoob, K;) and so ↓ زَوْرٌ: (A'Obeyd, K:) but A 'Obeyd thinks it a mistranscription, for لَا زَبْرَ. (TA.) b2: Strength: in which sense the word is an instance of agreement between the Arabic and Persian languages: (AO, K:) or it is arabicized: (Sb:) but the Persian word is with the inclined, not the pure, dammeh. (TA.) You say لَيْسَ لَهُمْ زُورٌ They have not strength. (TA.) And حَبْلٌ لَهُ زُورٌ A rope having strength. (TA.) b3: Deliciousness, and sweetness, or pleasantness, of food. (K.) b4: and Softness, and cleanness, of a garment, or piece of cloth. (K.) زَوَرٌ inf. n. of زَوِرَ. (TA.) b2: Inclination; (S, Msb, K;) such as is termed صَعَرٌ; (S;) crookedness; wryness; distortion. (A.) b3: Distortion of the زَوْر, (Mgh, K,) which is the upper, or uppermost, part of the breast, (Mgh,) or the middle of the breast [&c.]: (TA:) or the prominence of one of its two sides above the other: (K:) in a horse, the prominence of one of the two portions of flesh in the breast, on the right and left thereof, and the depression of the other: (S:) in others than dogs, it is said by some to signify inclination [or distortion] of a thing or part which is not of a regular square form; such as the كِرْكِرَة and the لِبْدَة. (TA.) زِيرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) originally with و, written by the Sheykh-el-Islám Zekereeyà, in his commentaries on Bd, with hemz, contr. to the leading lexicologists; (TA;) or زيرُ نِسَآءٍ; A visiter of women: (Az, TA in art. تبع:) a man who loves to discourse with women, and to sit with them, (S, K,) and to mix with them: (TA:) so called because of his frequent visits to them: or who mixes with them in vain things: or who mixes with them and desires to discourse with them: (TA:) without evil, or with it: (K:) and a woman is termed زِيرٌ also: (K:) you say اِمْرَأَةٌ زِيرُ رِجَالٍ: (Ks:) but this usage is rare: (TA:) or it is applied to a man only: (K:) a woman of this description is termed مَرْيَمٌ: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَزْوَارٌ and أَزْيَارٌ, (K,) the latter like أَعْيَادٌ pl. of عِيدٌ, (TA,) and [of mult.] زِيَرَةٌ. (S, K.) A2: Custom; habit; wont. (Yoo, K.) A3: A slender وَتَر [or bow-string]: (S, K:) or the most slender of such cords, (أَحَدُّهَا: (K, TA: in the CK أَحَدُهَا:) and the most firmly twisted. (TA.) b2: Hence the زِير [or smallest string] of a مِزْهَر [or lute] is thus termed. (TA.) [In this and the next preceding senses, it is app. of Persian origin.]

A4: Flax: (Yaakoob, S, K:) and with ة a portion thereof: (K:) pl. أَزْوَارٌ. (TA.) A5: See also art. زير.

زِوَرٌّ A vehement pace. (S, K.) b2: Vehement; or strong: (K:) but to what applied is not particularized. (TA.) b3: Applied to a camel, Strong; hardy; (TA;) prepared for journeys. (K.) and زِوَرَّةُ أَسْفَارٍ, applied to a she-camel, Prepared for journeys: or having an inclination to one side, by reason of her briskness, or sprightliness. (TA.) [See أَزْوَرُ.] b4: See also زَوْرٌ.

زَيِرٌ, in the K زَيِّرٌ: see art. زير.

زَارَةُ The حَوْصَلَة [or crop] (Az, K) of a bird; (Az, TA;) as also ↓ زَاوَرَةٌ, (K, TA,) with fet-h to the و, (TA,) [in the CK زاوِرَة,] and ↓ زَاؤُورَةُ (K, TA) [in the CK زاوُرَة]: and القَطَا ↓ زَاوَرَةُ The receptacle in which the [bird called] قطا carries water to its young ones. (TA.) A2: زَارَةُ الأَسَدِ The thicket, wood, or forest, or bed of reeds or canes, (أَجَمَة,) that is the haunt of the lion: so called because of his frequenting it. (IJ.) [See also زَأْرَةٌ, in art. زأر.] And ↓ زَارٌ A thicket, wood, or forest, (أَجَمَة,) containing [high coarse grass of the kind called] حَلْفَآء, and reeds or canes, and water. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A collected number, (K,) or a large collected number, (TA,) of camels, (K,) and of sheep or goats, and of men: or of camels, and of men, from fifty to sixty. (TA.) [See, again, زَأْرَةٌ, in art. زأر.]

زَوْرَةٌ A single visit. (S, TA.) A2: Distance; remoteness: (S, K:) from الاِزْوِرَارُ. (S.) A poet (Sakhr El-Ghei, TA) says, وَمَآءٍ وَرَدْتُ عَلَى زَوْرَةٍ

[To many a water have I come, notwithstanding its distance]: (S:) or, accord. to AA, عَلَى زَوْرَةٍ, in this ex., accord. to one relation زُورَة, but the former is the better known, means upon a she-camel that looked from the outer angle of her eye, by reason of her vehemence and sharpness of temper. (TA.) زِيرَةٌ A manner of visiting. (K.) One says, فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ الزِّيرَةِ Such a one is good in his manner of visiting. (TA.) زِوَارٌ (AA, S, K) and ↓ زِيَارٌ (IAar, K) A rope, or cord, which is put between the camel's fore-girth and kind-girth, (AA, S, K,) to prevent the kindgirth from hurting the animal's ثِيل, and so causing a suppression of the urine: (AA, TA:) pl. أَزْوِرَةٌ. (S, K.) In a trad., Ed-Dejjál is described as bound with أَزْوِرَة; meaning, having his arms bound together upon his breast. (IAth.) b2: Also, both words, (tropical:) Anything that is a [means of] rectification to another thing, (K,) and a defence, or protection; (IAar, K;) like the زِيَار of a beast. (IAar.) زِيَارٌ: see زِوَارٌ: A2: and see art. زير.

زُوَيْرٌ and زَوِيرٌ: see زَوْرٌ.

زَؤُورٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

رَجُلٌ زَوَّارٌ and ↓ زَؤُورٌ [A man who visits much]: a poet says, إِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا بَعْلُهَا لَمْ أَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَمْ تَأْنَسْ إِلَىَّ كِلَابُهَا ↓ زَؤُورًا [When her husband is absent from her, I am not to her a frequent visiter, nor do her dogs become familiar to me]. (TA.) زَائِرٌ A person visiting; a visiter: (S, * Msb, K: *) fem. زَائِرَةٌ: (Sb:) pl. زَائِرُونَ, masc., (S, K,) and زَائِرَاتٌ, fem., (S, Msb,) and زُوَّارٌ, masc., (S, Msb, K,) and زَوَّرٌ, masc., (K,) and fem.: (Sb, S, Msb:) and ↓ زَوْرٌ signifies the same as زَائِرٌ (A, Msb, K, TA) and زَائِرَةٌ (TA) and زَائِرُونَ (S, A, K, TA) and زَائِرَاتُ; (S, A, Msb, TA;) being originally an inf. n.; or, as syn. with زائرون, it is a quasi-pl. n.; by some called a pl. of زَائِرٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا ↓ إِنَّ لِزَوْرِكَ [Verily there is to thy visiter, or visiters, a just claim upon thee]. (TA.) [And hence,] ↓ زَوْرٌ also signifies A phantom that is seen in sleep. (K.) زَاوَرَةٌ: see زَارَةٌ; the former, in two places.

زَاؤُورَةٌ: see زَارَةٌ; the former, in two places.

أَزْوَرُ Inclining; (K;) crooked; wry; distorted: (A:) [fem. زَوْرَآءُ:] pl. زُورٌ. (K.) b2: Having that kind of distortion in the زَوْر (or middle of the breast [&c.] TA) which is termed زَوَرٌ. (K, TA.) b3: A dog whose breast (جَوْشَنُ) صَدْرِهِ) is narrow, (K,) and the كَلْكَل [app. meaning the part between the two collar-bones] projecting, as though his, or its, sides had been squeezed. (TA.) b4: A wry neck. (TA.) b5: [A beast] that looks from the outer angles of his eyes (K) by reason of his vehemence and sharpness of temper: (TA: [see also زَوْرٌ:]) or a camel (TA) that goes with an inclination towards one side, when his pace is vehement, though without any distortion in his chest. (K.) [See also زِوَرٌّ. Hence, app.,] الزَّوْرَآءُ is a name of Certain camels (مَال) that belonged to Uheyhah (S, K) Ibn-El-Juláh ElAnsáree. (S.) b6: زَوْرَآءُ (tropical:) A bow: (S, A, K:) because of its curving. (S.) b7: (tropical:) A bent bow. (TA.) b8: (tropical:) A menáreh (مَنَارَة) deviating from the perpendicular. (A.) b9: (tropical:) A well (بِئْر) deep: (S, K, * TA:) or not straightly dug. (TA.) b10: (tropical:) A land, (أَرْض, S, K,) and a desert, (مَفَازَة, A, or فَلَاة, TA,) far-extending, (S, A, K, TA,) and turning aside: (TA:) and أَزْوَرُ is applied [in the same sense] to a country, (TA,) and to an army. (S, TA.) b11: (tropical:) A saying, or phrase, (كَلِمَة,) bad, and crooked, or distorted. (A.) A2: Also زَوْرَآءُ [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates] (assumed tropical:) A [drinking-cup or bowl of the kind called] قَدَح. (S, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A certain vessel (K) for drinking, (TA,) oblong, like the تَلْتَلَة. (TA.) A3: هُوَ

أَزْوَرُ عَنْ مَقَامِ الذُّلِّ (A) (tropical:) He is most remote from the station, or state, of baseness, or ignominiousness. (TA.) مَزَارٌ A place [and a time] of visiting. (S, Msb.) مَزُورٌ Visited. (A.) مُزَوَّرٌ A camel distorted in the breast, or chest, when drawn forth from his mother's belly by the مُذَمِّر [q. v.], who therefore presses, or squeezes, it, in order to set it right, but so that an effect of his pressing, or squeezing, remains in him, whereby he is known to be مُزَوَّر. (Lth, K.) b2: And كَلَامٌ مُزَوَّرٌ (assumed tropical:) Speech falsified, or embellished with lies. (TA.) And (tropical:) Speech rectified, adjusted, or corrected, [and prepared, (see 2,)] before it is uttered: or beautified, or embellished; as also ↓ مُتَزَوَّرٌ. (TA.) مُزْدَارَةٌ Visiters of the tomb of the Prophet. (A.) مُتَزَوَّرٌ: see مُزَوَّرٌ.

فصل

1 فَصَلَ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. فَصْلٌ, (M, Msb, K,) He separated, or divided, (S, O, Msb, K,) and put apart, (Msb,) a thing, (S, O, Msb, *) عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [from another thing], (Msb,) and بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ [or عَنْ بَعْضٍ i. e. part thereof from part]. (M and TA in art. ميز.) And (K,) He made a separation, or partition, (M, K, TA,) بَيْنَهُمَا (M, TA *) i. e. between them two, meaning, two things, making it known that the former had come to an end: so says Er-Rághib: (TA:) and فَصَلَ الحَدُّ بَيْنَ الأَرْضَيْنِ, [aor. and] inf. n. as above, The limit, or boundary, made, or formed, a separation between the two lands: (Msb:) and فَصَلْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ I made a division, or separation, between, or among, the people, or party. (O.) b2: [Hence,] فَصَلَ الرّضِيعَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ, (S, Mgh, O,) or المَوْلُودَ (M, K) عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ, (M,) aor. as above, (M, K,) inf. n. فِصَالٌ, (S, O,) or فَصْلٌ, and the former is a simple subst., (M, K,) or both, (Mgh,) He weaned [the suckling from his mother, or the young infant from sucking the breast]; (S, M, Mgh, O, K;) as also ↓ افتصلهُ: (S, M, O:) or فَصَلَتِ المَرْأَةُ رَضِيعَهَا, inf. n. فَصْلٌ, and فِصَالٌ is the subst., the woman weaned her suckling. (Msb.) b3: Hence also, i. e. from فَصَلَ as first expl. above, فَصْلُ الخُصُومَاتِ The deciding of litigations, altercations, or disputes: like فَصْلُ الخِطَابِ: (Msb:) or this latter means distinct, or plain speech; which he to whom it is addressed distinctly, or plainly, understands; which is not confused, or dubious, to him: (Ksh in explanation of it in the Kur xxxviii. 19, and Mgh:) or such as decides, or distinguishes, between what is true and what is false, (Ksh ibid., Mgh, O, K,) and what is sound and what is corrupt, (Ksh, Mgh,) and what is correct and what is erroneous: (Ksh:) or such as decides the judgment, or judicial sentence: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the evidence, or proof, that is obligatory [as a condition of his justification] upon the claimant, or plaintiff, and the oath that is obligatory [in like manner] upon him against whom the claim, or plaint, is urged; (Ksh, O, K; [an explanation of which a part is dropped in the CK;]) thus accord. to 'Alee: (Ksh:) or the [using of the] phrase أَمَّا بَعْدُ. (Ksh, O, K. [Respecting this phrase, and for other explanations, see 3 in art خطب.]) كَلِمَةُ الفَصْلِ in the Kur xlii. 20 means The sentence of God's deciding between mankind on the day of resurrection, (O,) which is called يَوْمُ الفَصْلِ. (TA.) And الفَصْلُ [alone] means The deciding judicially between what is true and what is false; (M, O, K;) and, (O, K,) sometimes, (O,) so ↓ الفَيْصَلُ; (S, O, K;) or this latter is [a simple subst, i. e.,] a name for such decision; (TA;) and is also an epithet [expl. below]. (M, O, K.) هٰذَا يَوْمُ الدِّينِ هٰذَا يَوْمُ الْفَصْلِ, in the Kur xxxvii. 20 and 21, means [This is the day of requital:] this is the day wherein a decision, or a distinction, shall be made (يُفْصَلُ فِيهِ) between the doer of good and the doer of evil, and every one shall be requited for his work and with that wherewith God will favour his servant the Muslim. (M.) And إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ, in the Kur xxxii. 25, means [Verily thy Lord] He shall decide [between them], and distinguish what is true from what is false, [on the day of resurrection,] by distinguishing the speaker of what is true from the speaker of what is false, in respect of that wherein they used to disagree, of what concerned religion. (Bd.) And one says also فَصَلَ الحُكْمَ [He decided the judgment, or judicial sentence]. (M.) فَصَلَ النَّظْمَ, in the K, is a mistake: see 2. (TA.) A2: فَصَلَ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ, (S, O,) or مِنْ البَلَدِ (K,) or عَنْ بَلَدِكَذَا, aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. فُصُولٌ, (M, K,) He went forth [from the part of the country, or from the town or country, or from such a town or country]. (S, O, K.) And فَصَلَ العَسْكَرُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [The army went forth from the town or country]: whence the saying of the Prophet respecting Ibn-Rawáhah, كَانَ أَوَّلَنَا فُصُولًا وَآخِرُنَاقُفُولًا i. e. He was the first of us in going away (↓ اِنْفِصَالًا) from his house and his family and the last of us in returning to [it and] them. (Mgh.) And فَصَلَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ عِنْدِى, inf. n. فُصُولٌ, Such a one went forth [from my presence or vicinage, or from me]. (TA.) And فَصَلَ مِنِّى

كِتَابُ إِلَيْهِ [A letter] passed from me to him. (TA.) Thus the verb is intrans, as well as trans.; its inf. n. when it is trans, being فَصْلٌ; when intrans., فُصُولٌ. (TA.) b2: And فَصَلَ الكَرْمُ The vine put forth small grapes, resembling lentils or a grain similar thereto. (M, K.) 2 فصّل النَّظْمَ, (M, TA,) thus correctly, with teshdeed, bat in the K فَصَلَ, like نَصَرَ, (TA,) [inf. n. تَفْصِيلٌ,] He put between every two of the strung beads [or pearls] a bead such as is termed فَاصِلَةٌ [q. v., or what is described voce مُفَصّلٌ as an epithet applied to a necklace]. (M, K, TA.) b2: And فصّلتُ الشّىْءَ inf. n. تَفْصِيلٌ, I made the thing to consist of distinct portions or sections. (Msb.) b3: And فصّل الشّاةَ, (inf. n. as above, TA.) He (a butcher) divided the sheep, or goal, into limbs, or members. (S, O, TA.) b4: [Hence فصّل means also He cut a piece of cloth for a garment: and he cut out a garment: b5: whence تَفْصِيلٌ means The cut of a garment (See also De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 86-7.)] b6: and [hence, likewise,] تَفْصِيلٌ also signifies [The dissecting, or analyzing, of speech, or language: the explaining distinctly, or in detail: and] the making distinct, clear, plain, manifest, or perspicuous; i. q. تَبْيِينٌ. (S, O, K.) فَصَّلْنَاهُ in the Kur vii.50 [referring to the book of the Kur an] meansبيّنَّاهُ [Which we have made distinct, &c.]: or, as some say, whereof we have divided the verses by means of the فَوَاصِل [pl. of فَاصِلةٌ, q. v.]. (TA.) 3 فَاْصَلَ فاصل شَرِيكَهُ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. مُفَاصَلَةٌ, (TA,) He separated himself from his partner, with the latter's concurrence; syn. بَايَنَهُ, (K, TA,) and فَارَزَهُ. (S and O and K in art. فرز.) 7 انفصل It became separated, or divided, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) and put apart (Msb.) b2: [and He went forth, or away; like the intrans. فَصَلَ.] See 1, near the end.8 إِفْتَصَلَ see 1, former half. b2: افتصل النَّخْلَةَ عَنْ مَوْضِعِهَا He transplanted the palm-tree. (AHn, M, K.) A man of Hejer [which is famous for its dates] said that the best of palm-trees is that of which the young one has been removed from its place of growth, which young one is called ↓ فَصْلَةٌ. (TA.) فَصْلٌ inf. n. of the trans. v. فَصَلَ [q. v. passim]. (M, Msb, K, TA.) [As a simple subst., it has various significations here following: and is] sing. of فُصُولٌ. (S, O.) b2: A separation, division, or partition, between two things. (M, K.) b3: The place of the مَفْصِل [i. e. joint, or articulation, and therefore of the division, of two bones] of the body: between every one such and another [that is the next to it] is a وِصْل [or limb, in the CK, erroneously, وَصْل]. (Lth, O, K.) See also مَفْصِلٌ. b4: As used by the Basrees, [in grammar,] it is [A disconnective] like عِمَادٌ as used by the Koofees: (O, K:) thus in the saying in the Kur [viii. 32], إنْ كَانَ هٰذَا هُوَ الْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ [lit. If this, it, be the truth from Thee], هو is termed فصل and عماد, [more commonly the former,] and الحقّ is in the accus. case as being the predicate of كان. (O.) b5: Also sing. of فُصُول in the phrase فُصُولُ السَّنَةِ [The four divisions of the year: namely autumn, winter, spring, and summer], expl. in art. زمن. (Msb: see زَمَنٌ.) b6: And A division, or section, of a باب [or chapter]; as being divided from others, or as forming a division between itself and others, so that it has the meaning of the measure مَفْعُولٌ or that of the measure فَاعِلٌ. (MF, TA.) b7: And The contr. of أَصْلٌ [as denoting relationship]: there are أُصُول of relationship and فُصُول thereof; [the former meaning the stocks and] the latter meaning the branches. (Msb. [See also other explanations of فَصْلٌ as opposed to أصْلٌ under the latter of these words ;) A2: [It is also used as an epithet;] One say (??) فَصْلٌ A true say or saying: (M, K;) not false: thus in the Kur [lxxxvi. 15]: (M.) or (??) there means distinguishing between what is true and what is false: and relates to the Kur án [itself]. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) And it is said of the speech of the Prophet that it was فَصَلٌ لَانَزْرٌ وَلَا هَذَرٌ, (O, TA, but in the latter هَذْرٌ [to assimilate it in form to نَزْرٌ],) meaning Distinct, (O, TA,) clear, or plain, distinguishing between what is true and what is false; (TA;) not little are much. (O.) A3: And A general طَاعُون [i. e. plague or pestilence] (TA.) فَصْلَةٌ A transplanted palm-tree; (AHn, M, K;) a young palm-tree removed from its place of growth [meaning from its mother-tree]: pl. فَصَلَاتٌ. (TA.) See 8.

فِصَالٌ an inf. n., (S, Mgh, O,) or a simple subst., (M, Msb, K,) The weaning of a sucking infant. (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [xlvi. 14], وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا, (O, TA,) meaning And the period of the bearing of him in the womb and thenceforward to the end of the time of the weaning of him is thirty months. (TA.) And one says, هٰذَا زَمَنُ فِصَالِهِ This is the time of the weaning of him. (Msb.) فصِيلٌ A young camel when weaned from his mother: (S, M, Mgh, * O, K, TA:) and some times such a young one of the bovine kind: (TA:) [and by a proleptic application,] a young camel [in a general sense], because he is, or will be, weaned from his mother: (Msb:) [in the T, voce حُوَارٌ, and in other lexicons &c., it is applied to a young, newly-born, camel: and in the L, voce سُخْدٌ, to a fœtus in a she-camel's belly: see an ex. of its meaning a young sucking camel (one of many such exs.) in the first paragraph of art. رجل; and a strange similar usage of the first of the following pls. in a verse cited voce خَسْفٌ:] the pl. is فُصْلَانٌ, (Sb, S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) agreeably with rule, (Sb, M,) and فِصْلَانٌ, (Sb, Fr, M, Msb, K,) formed by likening the sing. to غُرَابٌ, of which غِرْبَانٌ is a pl., (Sb, M,) and فِصَالٌ, (Sb, S, M, Msb, K,) as though it were an epithet, (Sb, M, Msb,) like كَرِيمٌ, of which كِرَامٌ, is a pl.: (Msb:) and the female is termed فَصِيلَةٌ. (M, K.) b2: Also A حَائِط [or wall of enclosure], (M, O, K,) having little height, (O, K,) before, or in front of, a fortress; (M, K;) or (K) before, or in front of, the [main] wall of a city or town. (O, K.) One says, وَثَّقُوا سُورَ المَدِينَةِ بِكِبَاشٍ

وَفَصِيلٍ [They strengthened the wall of the city by means of buttresses and a low wall in front of it]. (TA.) b3: And A piece of stone; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (TA.) فَصِيلَةٌ A piece of the flesh of the فَخِذ [or thigh]: (Hr, IAth, O, K, TA:) or, accord. to Th, (O, in the K “ and ”) a piece of the limbs, or members, of the body. (O, K, TA.) b2: and A man's nearer, or nearest, رَهْط (S, M, O, K) and عَشِيرَة (M, K) [i. e. kinsfolk, or sub-tribe, &c.]: or [some] of the nearest of the عَشِيرَة of a man: from the first of the significations mentioned in this paragraph: (IAth, TA:) it signifies less than the فَخِذ: (Mgh, Msb:) or less than the قَبِيلَة: (TA:) [see شَعْبٌ in two places:] or the nearest to him of the آبَآء [meaning male ancestors and including paternal uncles] of a man: (Th, M, K, TA:) [or any one of such persons; for] El-'Abbás [one of Mohammad's paternal uncles] was called فَصِيلَةُ النَّبِيِّ: the term is like the مَفْصِل in relation to the human foot. (TA.) جَاؤُوا بِفَصِيلَتِهِمْ means They came, all of them, or all together. (S, O.) فَصَّالٌ and epithet applied to a man, (O,) Who praises men much in order that they may bestow upon him: an adventitious, not indigenous, word: (O, K:) [and] loquacious in every place. (MA.) فَاصِلٌ [as an act. part. n.] Separating; dividing; or making a separation, or partition. (Msb.) b2: It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فَاصِلَةً

فِى سَبِيل اللّٰهِ فَهِىَ بِسَبْعِمِائَة ضِعَفٍ, (S, * O, K, *) meaning [Whoso expends expense] such as distinguishes between his belief and his unbelief [i. e. such as distinguishes him as a believer, it shall be rewarded with seven hundred fold]: (S, O, K, TA:) or, as some say, such as he cuts off from his property. (TA.) And one says كَلَامٌ فَاصِلٌ (K and TA in art. فرز) and ↓ فَيْصَلٌ (A ibid.) i. q. فَارِزٌ (O and K, and TA ibid.) i. e. Discriminating language. (TA ibid.) And حُكْمٌ فَاصِلٌ and ↓ فَيْصَلٌ [A judgment, or judicial sentence, that is decisive, and therefore meaning,] that has effect; and in like manner, ↓ حُكُومَةٌ فَيْصَلٌ: and ↓ طَعْنَةٌ فَيْصَلٌ [An act of piercing or thrusting with a spear or the like] that decides between the two antagonists. (M, K, TA.) As an epithet applied to God, الفَاصِلُ means The Decider between the خَلْق [i. e. the human race, or these and other created beings,] on the day of resurrection. (Zj, TA.) فَيْصَلٌ: see 1, near the middle. It also signifies A cut, or severance, (O, TA,) such as is complete, (TA,) between two persons. (O, TA.) b2: and it is also an epithet: see فَاصِلٌ, in four places. b3: And [hence] it signifies (assumed tropical:) A judge, one who decides judicially, an arbiter, or arbitrator; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ فَيْصَلِىٌّ: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) in the Expos. of the “ Miftáh ” [of Es-Sekkákee] by the seyyid [El-Jurjánee] it is implied that it is in this sense a tropical intensive appellation. (TA.) فَاصِلَةٌ A bead [or a bead of gold or a gem] that forms a separation, or division, between the pair of [other] beads [i. e. between every two other beads] in a string thereof. (M, K. [See also مُفَصَّلٌ.]) b2: And [hence] فَوَاصِلُ, of which it is the sing., (assumed tropical:) The final words of the verses of the Kur-án, (O, K,) and of the clauses of rhyming prose [in general], (Msb and K and TA in art. سجع,) that are like the rhymes of verses; (O and K in the present art., and Msb and TA in art. سجع;) and [the final words] of verses. (TA in art. سجع.) فَيْصَلِىٌّ: see فَيْصَلٌ.

مَفْصِلٌ Any place of meeting [or juncture, as being a place of separation,] of two bones of the body and limbs or members; as also ↓ فَصْلٌ: (M, K:) a single one of the مَفَاصِل of the limbs or members: (S, O, Msb, K:) [a joint such as the elbow and knee and knuckle: and sometimes a joint as meaning a bone having an articulation at each end, or at one end, together with the flesh that is upon it:] in a trad. in which it is said that the mulct for any مَفْصِل of a human being is the third of the mulct for the [whole] finger, it means the مَفْصِل of any of the fingers or toes; i. e. the portion between any أَنْمَلَتَانِ [here meaning two knuckles; but this is a loose and an imperfect explanation; for to it should be added, and also the ungual portion, or portion in which is the nail; for the word is here applied to denote any of the phalanges with the flesh that is upon it: in the T &c., in art. نمل, one of the explanations of الأَنْمَلَةُ is “ the مَفْصِل in which is the nail ”]. (TA.) b2: And [hence] one says, يَأْتِيكَ بِالأَمْرِ مِنْ مَفْصِلِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He will tell thee the thing, or affair, tracing it from the point on which it turns, or hinges; (like as one says, مِنْ فَصِّهِ, q. v.;) or], from its utmost point or particular, i. e., مُنْتَهَاهُ. (Msb.) [This saying may be originally a hemistich, thus: وَيَأْتِيكَ بِالأَمْرِ مِنْ مَفْصِلِهْ like the similar saying ending with فَصِّهِ.] b3: In the following saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, [the former half of which I give from art. طفل in the S, the latter half only being cited in the present art. in the S and M and O,] وَإِنَّ حَدِيثًا مِنْكِ لَوْ تَبْذُلِينَهُ جَنَى النَّحْلِ فِى أَلْبَانِ عُوذٍ مَطَافِلِ مَطَافِيلَ أَبْكَارٍ حَدِيثٍ نِتَاجُهَا تُشَابُ بِمَآءٍ مِثْلِ مَآءِ المَفَاصِلِ [And verily discourse from thee, if thou wouldst bestow it, would be (like) gathered honey of bees in the milk (lit. milks) of camels such as have recently brought forth, having young ones with them, such as have young ones with them [and] that have brought forth but once, whose bringing forth has been recent, such milk being mixed with water like the water of the مفاصل], المَفَاصِل (which is pl. of مَفْصِلٌ, S, O) signifies (accord. to As, S, O) the place of separation (↓ مُنْفَصَل) of the mountain from the tract of sand, these two having between them crushed and small pebbles, so that the water thereof is clear, (S, M, O,) and glistens, (وَيَبْرُقُ, S, O,) or and is shallow; (وَيَرِقُّ;) the poet meaning to describe the clearness of the water because of its descending from the mountain and not passing by dust nor earth: (M:) or it signifies hard stones (M, K) compactly disposed, or heaped up: (M, K: in the former, مُتَرَاصِفَة: in the latter, مُتَرَاكِمَة:) and (M, K) it is said to signify (M) what is between two mountains, (M, K,) consisting of sand and crushed pebbles, the water whereof is clear: (K:) or, accord. to AO, the water-courses of a valley: (O:) accord. to Abu-l-'Omeythil, the clefts in mountains, from which water flows; and only said of what are between two mountains: in the T, the مَفْصِل is said to be any place, in a mountain, upon which the sun does not rise: (TA:) and it is said that مَآءُ المَفَاصِلِ means what flows from between the two joints (مِنْ بَيْنِ المَفْصِلَيْنِ) when one of them is cut from the other; like clear water; and the sing. is مَفْصِلٌ: (M:) AA says that the مفاصل in the verse are the مفاصل of the bones; and that it likens that water to the مآء of the flesh: (O, TA:) and IAar says the like thereof. (TA.) المِفْصَلٌ (assumed tropical:) The tongue; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as being likened to an instrument. (Msb.) عِقْدٌ مُفَصَّلٌ A necklace between every two pearls [or other beads] of which is put a bead [of another kind], (S, O, TA,) or a شَذْرَة [or bead of gold, &c.], or a gem, to form a division between every two of the same colour, or sort. (TA.) b2: آيَاتٍ مُفَصَّلَاتٍ, in the Kur [vii. 130] means [Signs, or miracles,] between every two whereof was made a separation by a period of delay: or which were made distinct, plain, or manifest. (TA.) b3: And المُفَصَّلُ is an appellation of The portion of the Kur-án from [the chapter entitled] الحُجُرَات [i. e. ch. xlix.] to the end; accord. to the most correct opinion: or from الجَاثِيَة [ch. xlv.]: or from القِتَال [ch. xlvii.]: or from قَاف [ch. l.]: or from الصَّافَّات [ch. xxxvii.]: or from الصَّفّ [ch. lxi.]: or from تَبَارَكَ [ch. lxvii.]: or from إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا [ch. xlviii.]: or from سَبِّحِ اسْمَ رَبِّكَ [ch. lxxxvii.]: or from الضُّحَى [ch. xciii.]: (K:) this portion is thus called because of its many divisions between its chapters: (Msb, K:) or because of the few abrogations therein: (K:) accord. to the A, it is the portion next after that called المَثَانِى. (TA.) مُنْفَصَلٌ: see مَفْصِلٌ, latter half.

فتن

1 فَتَنَهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـِ (M,) inf. n. فَتْنٌ, (S, M, K,) [and quasi-inf. n., in this and other senses, فِتْنَةٌ,] He burned it (T, * S, * M, K *) in the fire. (M.) Hence, [in the Kur li. 13,] يَوْمَ هُمْ عَلَى النَّارِ يُفْتَنُونَ (T, * S, M, K *) i. e. [The day, or on the day, accord. to two different readings, (يَوْمُ and يَوْمَ, the latter of which is the more common,)] when they shall be burned (T, S, M, K) with the fire [of Hell]. (T.) And [in the Kur lxxxv. 10,] إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَتَنُوا الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ Verily they who burned the believing men and the believing women (T, S *) in the fire kindled in the trench, or pit; throwing them therein. (T.) This is said to be the primary signification of the verb. (TA.) b2: And He melted it with fire, (T,) or put it into the fire, (S, Msb,) namely, gold, (T, S, Msb,) and silver, in order to separate, or distinguish, (T, Msb,) the bad from the good, (T,) or the good from the bad, (Msb,) or to see what was its [degree of] goodness. (S.) b3: And hence, accord. to Er-Rághib, الفَتْنُ is used as meaning The causing a man to enter into fire [app. by way of trial, or probation], and [in like manner] into a state of punishment, or affliction: (TA:) [and it is also used as meaning the slaying another; whence, in the Kur iv. 102,] إِنْ خِفْتُمْ أَنْ يَفْتِنَكُمُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا means [If ye fear that those who have disbelieved] may slay you; and in like manner in the Chapter of Yoonus [i. e. in x. 83], أَنْ يَفْتِنَهُمْ means ان يَقْتُلَهُمْ. (T. [In the TA, these two exs. are misplaced, or something has been omitted before them by a copyist.]) b4: [Hence also,] one says, فَتَنَهُ, aor. ـِ (K, TA,) inf. n. فَتْنٌ, (TA,) He, or it, caused him to fall into الفِتْنَة; (K, TA;) i. e. trial; and affliction, distress, or hardship; [generally meaning an affliction whereby some good or evil quality is put to the test;] (TA;) as also ↓ اِفْتَتَنَهُ; and ↓ فتّنهُ; (K, TA;) but this, of which the inf. n. is تَفْتِينٌ, has an intensive signification; (S;) and ↓ أَفْتَنَهُ; (K, TA;) which last is rare, or rather, accord. to As, [though app. not in this sense, but in another, to be mentioned in what follows,] is not allowable: (TA:) the first of these verbs is trans. and intrans.: (S, K, TA:) you say also, فَتَنَ, (Az, T, S, K, TA,) aor. ـِ (Az, T, K,) inf. n. فُتُونٌ, (Az, T, S, TA,) He fell into فِتْنَة [i. e. trial, or affliction, &c.]; (Az, T, K;) as also ↓ اِفْتَتَنَ: (K:) or the former signifies he shifted from a good, to an evil, state or condition: or, accord. to En-Nadr, one says ↓ اِفْتَتَنَ and اُفْتُتِنَ, both meaning the same; and this is correct; but فَتَنَ as quasi-pass. of فَتَنْتُهُ [i. e. as intrans.] is of weak authority: (T:) and ↓ اُفْتُتِنَ, said of a man, [as also اِفْتَتَنَ,] and فُتِنَ, signify the same, (S, M,) accord. to Az, (M,) i. e. he was smitten by a فِتْنَة [or trial, &c.,] so that his wealth, or property, or his intellect, departed: and likewise he was tried, or tested: (S:) and accord. to Az, one says, of a man, ↓ أُفْتِنَ, [if not a mistranscription for اُفْتُتِنَ, as above,] with damm, meaning فُتِنَ: (TA:) [and فَتَنَهُ has فُتُونٌ also as an inf. n.:] it is said in the Kur [xx. 41], وَفَتَنَّاكَ فُتُونًا (S) i. e. And we tried thee with a [severe] trying: or the noun in this instance is pl. of فَتْنٌ; or of فِتْنَةٌ, formed by disregard of the ة, like حُجُوزٌ and بُدُورٌ which are [said to be] pls. of حُجْزَةٌ and بَدْرَةٌ; so that the meaning is, we tried thee with several sorts of trying: (Bd:) or, as some say, and we purified thee with a [thorough or an effectual] purifying [like that of gold, or silver, by means of fire]: (TA:) [in many instances] فَتَنَهُ, aor. ـِ [inf. n. فَتْنٌ,] signifies He tried, or tested, him; whence, in the Kur ix. 127, يُفْتَنُونَ meansThey are tried, or tested, by being summoned to war, against unbelievers or the like; or, as some say, by the infliction of punishment or of some evil thing. (M.) فَتَنْتُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ, in the Kur [lvii. 13], means Ye caused yourselves to fall into trial and punishment. (TA.) And وَهُمْ لَا يُفْتَنُونَ, in the Kur xxix. 1, is expl. as meaning While they are not tried in their persons and their possessions so that he who has true faith may be known from others by his patient endurance of trial. (T.) And the saying, in a trad., إِنَّكُمْ تُفْتَنُونَ فِى القُبُورِ means [Verily ye shall be tried, or tested, in the graves by] the questioning of [the two angels] Munkar and Nekeer. (TA.) [See also مَفْتُونٌ, which is said to be an inf. n., and syn. with فِتْنَةٌ, meaning خِبْرَةٌ, or with فُتُونٌ (mentioned above as an inf. n. of the intrans. v. فَتَنَ), meaning جُنُونٌ; as well as a pass. part. n.] b5: And فَتَنَهٌ, (M, TA,) inf. n. فَتْنٌ, (TA, [or perhaps فُتُونٌ, as in the next following sentence]) also signifies He made him (a man, M) to turn from, or quit, (M, TA,) the predicament in which he was, (M,) or the right course: (TA:) whence, in the Kur [xvii. 75], وَإِنْ كَادُوا لَيَفْتِنُونَكَ عَنِ الَّذِى أَوْحَيْنَا

إِلَيْكَ (M, TA) i. e. [And verily they were near to] their making thee to turn [from that which we had revealed to thee]: thus this saying has been explained. (TA.) [And He, or it, seduced him; or tempted him: thus it may often be well rendered, agreeably with what next precedes and what next follows, and with explanations of its act. part. n. and of فِتْنَةٌ.] And one says, فَتَنَ المَالُ النَّاسَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فُتُونٌ, [or perhaps فَتْنٌ, as in the next preceding sentence,] meaning Wealth, or property, inclined, or attracted, to it, men, or mankind: and فُتِنَ فِى دِينِهِ and ↓ اُفْتُتِنَ, both in the pass. form, He declined [or was made to decline] from [the right way in] his religion. (Msb.) And فَتَنَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فَتْنٌ and فُتُونٌ, (M, K,) He, or it induced in him admiration, or pleasure; (M, * K, * TA;) as also ↓ أَفْتَنَهُ [respecting which see what here follows]: (M, K:) and one says, of a woman, فَتَنَتْهُ, (T, S,) meaning [She enamoured him; or captivated his heart; i. e.] she bereaved him of his heart, or reason, (دَلَّهَتْهُ, [thus in several copies of the S, in one of my copies بَلَّهَتْهُ,] and [so affected him that] he loved her; (S;) as also ↓ أَفْتَنَتْهُ; (T, S;) the former of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and the latter of the dial. of Nejd; (T, S; *) but ↓ افتنتهُ, (T, S,) or افتنهُ, (M,) was disallowed by As, (T, S, M,) and he paid no regard to a verse mentioned to him as an ex. thereof, (T,) [or] he ignored a verse cited to him as an ex. of the pass. part. n. from an أُرْجُوزَة of Ru-beh, not knowing it therein; (M;) most of the lexicologists, however, allow both: (T:) Sb says that فَتَنَهُ signifies he put [or occasioned] in him فِتْنَة; and ↓ افتنهُ, he caused الفِتْنَة to come to him [or to affect him]; (M;) or he said that the latter means he made him to be فَاتِن: (TA voce حَزَنَهُ:) and one says also, of a man, فُتِنَ بالْمَرْأَةِ and ↓ اُفْتُتِنَ [both meaning He was enamoured by the woman]. (T.) b6: and one says also, of a man, فَتَنَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فُتُونٌ, meaning He desired الفُجُور [i. e. the committing of adultery or fornication]: (Az, TA:) or فَتَنَ إِلَى

النِّسَآءِ, inf. n. فُتُونٌ, he desired الفُجُور (T, M, K, TA) with women or the women; as also فُتِنَ إِلَيْهِنَّ. (M, K, TA.) 2 فَتَّنَ see the preceding paragraph, former half.3 مُفَاتَنَةٌ [The occasioning فِتْنَة (meaning conflict, or discord, or the like,) with another]. (TA in art. عرم: see 3 in that art.) 4 أَفْتَنَ see 1, former half, in two places: and also in the latter half, in four places.5 بَنُو ثَقِيفٍ يَتَفَتَّنُونَ أَبَدًا means يَتَحَارَبُونَ [i. e. The sons of Thakeef (the tribe so called) contend in war, one with another, ever]. b2: تَفَتَّنَنِى: see 5 in art. عجب, where it is said to be syn. with تَصَبَّانِى.8 إِفْتَتَنَ see 1, former half, in four places: and also in the latter half, in two places.

فَتْنٌ A sort, or species; and a state, or condition; syn. ضَرْبٌ, (T, M, K,) and فَنٌّ, (T, K,) and لَوْنٌ, (M, K,) and حَالٌ. (T, K.) Hence the saying of 'Amr Ibn-Ahmar El-Báhilee, إِمَّا عَلَى نَفْسٍ وَإِمَّا لَهَا وَالعَيْشُ فَتْنَانِ فَحُلْوٌ وَمُرْ

[Either against a soul or for it; life being of two sorts, or conditions, sweet and bitter; مُرْ being for مُرٌّ]; (T; and the latter hemistich, without the incipient و, is cited in the K;) thus as related by some: but as related by Aboo-Sa'eed [As], he said فَنَّانِ, i. e. ضَرْبَانِ: and as related by Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee, فِتْنَانِ [with kesr]; and [he seems to have held that the poet meant two-sided; for] he says that ↓ الفِتْنُ signifies النَّاحِيَةُ. (T.) b2: And الفَتْنَانِ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, الفُتْنانِ,]) dual of الفَتْنُ, (TA,) signifies The first and last parts of the day; or the early part of the morning and the late part of the evening: (K, TA:) because they are two states, or conditions, and two sorts. (TA.) فِتْنٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فِتْنَةٌ A burning with fire. (T.) b2: And The melting of gold and of silver (K, TA) in order to separate, or distinguish, the bad from the good. (TA.) b3: And [hence, or] from فَتَنَ signifying

“ he melted,” (T,) or from that verb as signifying “ he put into the fire, “(Msb,) gold, and silver, “ for that purpose,” (T, Msb,) it signifies A trial, or probation; (IAar, T, S, M, K, TA;) and affliction, distress, or hardship; (TA;) and [particularly] an affliction whereby one is tried, proved, or tested: (IAar, T, S, K, TA:) this is the sum of its meaning in the language of the Arabs: (T, TA: *) or the trial whereby the condition of a man may be evinced: this, accord. to Zj, may be the meaning in the Kur v. 45: (M:) or a mean whereby the condition of a man is evinced, in respect of good and of evil: (Kull:) [hence it often means a temptation:] and ↓ مَفْتُونٌ signifies the same as فِتْنَةٌ, (S, M, K,) meaning a trial: (K:) the pl. of فِتْنَةٌ is فِتَنٌ. (Msb.) It proceeds from God and from man: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [there are many instances of its proceeding from God in the Kur; for ex., in xxxvii. 61,] إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاهَا فِتْنَةً لِلظَّالِمِينَ i. e. [Verily we have made it to be] a trial [to the wrongdoers] is said in relation to the tree Ez-Zakkoom; the existence of which they disbelieved; for when they heard that it comes forth in the bottom of Hell, they said, Trees become burned in the fire; then how can they grow therein? (M.) [And hence] it signifies also Punishment, castigation, or chastisement. (T, M, K.) And Slaughter: (T:) and civil war, or conflict occurring among people: (M:) and slaughter, and war, and faction, or sedition, among the parties of the Muslims when they form themselves into parties: (T:) and discord, dissension, or difference of opinions, among the people. (IAar, T, K.) A misleading; or causing to err, or go astray: (T, K:) [seduction; or temptation: or a cause thereof; such as] the ornature, finery, show, or pomp, and the desires, or lusts, of the present life or world, whereby one is tried: (T:) and wealth, or children; (T, K, TA;) because one is tried thereby: (TA:) and women; than whom, the Prophet said, there is no فِتْنَة more harmful to men: (T:) and a cause of one's being pleased with a thing; (T, M, K;) as in the saying لَا تَجْعَلْنَا فِتْنَةً لِلْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ [in the Kur x. 85, i. e. Make not us to be a cause of pleasure to the wrongdoing people]; meaning, make not them to prevail over us, so as to become pleased with their unbelief and to think that they are better than we. (T.) Also Madness, insanity, or diabolical possession; (T, K;) and so ↓ فُتُونٌ and ↓ مَفْتُونٌ. (T.) And Error; or deviation from the right way. (M, K.) And Infidelity; or unbelief: (T, M, K:) thus in the saying, [in the Kur ii. 187,] وَالْفِتْنَةُ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ [and infidelity, or unbelief, is more excessive than slaughter: and the like is said in ii. 214]. (T.) And A sin, a crime; or an act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment. (M, K.) and Disgrace, shame, or ignominy. (M, K.) فِتْنَةُ الصَّدْرِ signifies الوَسْوَاسُ [app. as meaning The devil's prompting, or suggesting, of some evil idea]: فِتْنَةُ المَحْيَا, The being turned from the [right] road: فِتْنَةُ المَمَاتِ, The being questioned in the grave [by the two angels Munkar and Nekeer]: فِتْنَةُ الضُّرِّ, The sword: and فِتْتَةُ السُّرِّ, Women. (TA.) [And الفِتْنَةُ العَمْيَا is a phrase used in the present day as meaning Incurable evil or trouble.]

A2: [It is also the name now commonly given to The mimosa farnesiana of Linn.; (Delile's Floræ

Ægypt. Illustr. no. 962;) called by Forskål (Flora Ægypt. Arab. p. lxxvii.) mimosa scorpioïdes.]

فِتَانٌ A covering, of leather, for the [camel's saddle called] رَحْل: (T, M, K:) pl. فُتُنٌ. (M.) فُتُونٌ: see فِتْنَةٌ, latter half. [It is an inf. n. of 1 in several senses.]

فَتِينٌ, applied to silver (وَرِق, i. e. فِضَّة), Burnt. (S.) b2: [Hence,] Black stones; as though burnt with fire. (T.) And A [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة, (S,) or like a حَرَّة, (Sh, T,) as though the stones thereof were burnt: (Sh, T, S:) or a black حَرَّة: (K:) or a حَرَّة wholly covered by black stones, as though they were burnt: (M:) pl. فُتُنٌ: (Sh, T, M, K:) and فَتَائِنُ signifies black حِرَار [pl. of حَرَّةٌ]; (TA; [and the same is app. indicated in the T;]) as though its sing. were

↓ فَتِينَةٌ; and some say that this is a sing. [or n. un.], and that فَتِين is the pl. [or coll. gen. n.]; but as some relate a verse of El-Kumeyt which is cited as an ex. of فَتِينَة with the ة elided because ending the verse, it is فِتِينَ, and said to be pl. of فِتَةٌ, like as عِزِينَ is of عِزَةٌ. (T.) A2: In the dial. of El-Yemen it signifies Short; and small. (TA.) فَتِينَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

فَتَّانٌ is an intensive epithet. (TA.) b2: and signifies A goldsmith or silversmith: (S, K, TA:) because of his melting the gold and the silver in the fire. (TA.) b3: And الفَتَّانَةُ signifies [The touch-stone; i. e.] the stone with which gold and silver are tried, or tested. (KT.) b4: And the former, A man who tries, or tempts, much. (TA.) And الفَتَّانُ, The devil; (T, S, K;) who tries, or tempts, men, by his deceit, and his embellishing acts of disobedience; (T;) as also ↓ الفَاتِنُ; (M, K;) [each] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (M:) pl. of the former فُتَّانٌ. (T, S.) And الفَتَّانَتَانِ, The dirhem and the deenár; (K, TA;) as though they tried, or tempted, men. (TA.) And likewise, (K,) or فَتَّانَا القَبْرِ, (M,) [The two angels] Munkar and Nekeer [who are said to examine and question the dead in the graves]. (M, K.) b5: And A thief, or robber, (T. K,) who opposes himself to the company of travellers in their road. (T.) فَاتِنٌ [is the act. part. n. of the trans. v. فَتَنَ; and as such] signifies Causing to err, or go astray, (T, S, M,) from the truth: (S:) hence the saying in the Kur [xxxvii. 162], مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ, (T, S, * M, *) which, accord. to Fr, means, Ye have not power [over him] to cause him to err, except him against whom it has been decreed that he shall enter the fire [of Hell]; فاتنين being made trans. by means of عَلَى because it implies the meaning of قَادِرِينَ, which is thus made trans.: (M:) Fr says, the people of El-Hijáz say مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ; and the people of Nejd, ↓ بِمُفْتِنِينَ, from أَفْتَنْتُ. (S.) b2: See also فَتَّانٌ.

A2: It is also an epithet from the intrans. v.

فَتَنَ; and as such is applied to a heart as signifying Falling into فِتْنَة [i. e. trial, or affliction, &c.; or in a state of trial, &c.]. (S, * TA.) فَيْتَنٌ A carpenter. (K.) مُفْتَنٌ: see مَفْتُونٌ. [And see also the different explanations of its verb.]

مُفْتِنٌ: see an ex. of its pl. voce فَاتِنٌ.

مَفْتُونٌ [pass. part. n. of 1; signifying Burned: &c.]. b2: It is applied as an epithet to a deenár as meaning Put into the fire in order that one may see what is its [degree of] goodness. (S.) b3: It signifies also Smitten by a فِتْنَة [or trial, &c.,] so that his wealth, or property, or his intellect, has departed: and likewise tried, or tested: (S:) or caused to fall into الفِتْنَة; (K, TA;) i. e. trial; and affliction, distress, or hardship; (TA;) as also ↓ مُفْتَنٌ. (K, TA.) And [particularly] Afflicted with madness, insanity, or diabolical possession. (T, K. *) [See also what here follows.]

A2: It is also syn. with فِتْنَةٌ; (T, S, M, K;) and, thus used, it is an inf. n., like مَعْقُولٌ &c. (T, S, M.) See فِتْنَةٌ, former half: and again, in the latter half. Hence, (T, M,) as some explain it, (M,) بِأَيِّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ, [in the Kur lxviii. 6,] (T, M,) meaning In which of you is madness: (T:) but some say that the ب is redundant; (M;) thus says AO; (T;) the meaning being أَيُّكُمُ الْمَفْتُونُ [Which of you is the afflicted with madness]; (T, M;) but Zj disallowed this: (T:) J says, [in the S,] that the ب is redundant, as in كَفَى بِاللّٰهِ شَهِيدًا, in the Kur [xiii. last verse, &c.], and [thus in copies of the S, app. a mistake for “ or ”] المفتون means الفِتْنَةُ, and is an inf. n. [&c.]: IB says, [in remarking upon this passage of the S,] if the ب be redundant, المفتون is the man, and is not an inf. n.; but if you make the ب to be not redundant, then المفتون is an inf. n. in the sense of الفُتُون. (TA.) [See also art. ب; p. 142, second col.; and p. 143, third col.]

مَفْتُونَةٌ is [a term] applied to A number of black camels collected together (لَابَة سَوْدَآء), as though they were like the [stony tract called] حَرَّة, in blackness; as though they were burnt. (T.)