طل

1 طَلَّتِ السَّمَآءُ الأَرْضَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. طَلٌّ, The sky rained small rain upon the earth, or land. (MA.) And طُلَّتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [meaning, as is implied in the S and O, The earth, or land, was rained upon by the weakest of rain; or was rained upon, or bedewed, by the طَلّ, q. v.; or] the طَلّ descended upon the earth, or land: (K:) and طَلَّهَا النَّدَى [The rain, or dew, moistened it]: (S, O, TA:) and طَلَّت, with fet-h, signifies [accord. to some] It became moist, or moistened: one says, طُلَّتْ بِلَادُكَ, and طَلَّتْ; the former meaning May thy countries, or tracts of country, be rained upon; and the latter, become moist, or moistened: or, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák, [i. e. Zj,] طُلَّتْ only, with damm; [and he adds,] one says, رَحُبَتْ بِلَادُكَ وَطُلَّتْ, with damm, [i. e. May thy tracts of country be spacious to thee, and be moistened by the طَلّ, (or, as in art. رحب in the TA, أَرْحَبَتْ عَلَيْكَ وَطُلَّتْ)], not طَلَّتْ; because the طَلّ is not from them, [i. e. it is not from the tracts of country,] but they are the objects thereof. (TA.) [Golius mentions, among the significations of طَلَّ, as on the authority of Z, i. q. رحب, said of land, or the earth, and followed by على relating to a person: but I think it most probable that he inferred this signification from his finding, in a copy of the A, the phrase رَحُبَتْ عَلَيْكَ الأَرْصُ وَطَلَّتْ (for وَطُلَّتْ), without any explanation. And Freytag mentions ↓ أُطِلَّ as meaning It was watered by fine rain; from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.] And [it is said that] طَلَّتِ السَّمَآءُ signifies اِشْتَدَّ وَقْعُهَا [i. e. The rain fell vehemently]. (TA.) A2: طَلَّ دَمَهُ, (Az, S, O, Msb,) said of God, (S,) or of the ruling power, (Msb,) first Pers\. طَلَلْتُهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. طَلٌّ (Msb, K) and طُلُولٌ, (K,) He made his blood to go for nought, unretaliated, and uncompensated by a mulct; made it to be of no account: (Az, S, O, Msb, K, TA:) or held it to be of little account, as though it were but [the rain, or dew, termed] طَلّ, in its result; this, accord. to Er-Rághib, being the proper meaning: (TA:) and ↓ اطلّهُ signifies the same. (Az, S, O, Msb, K.) And طُلَّ دَمُهُ His blood was made to go for nought, &c.; (Az, S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also دَمُهُ ↓ أُطِلَّ: (Az, S, O, Msb, K:) and طَلَّ دَمُهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) with fet-h, accord. to Ks and AO, (S, O, Msb,) aor. ـُ [contr. to analogy], (Msb,) or طَلِّ [agreeably with analogy]; (K;) and طَلَّ, originally طَلِلَ, (Msb, K, *) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) [his blood went for nought, &c.;] but this is disallowed by Az; (S, O, Msb;) and it is more commonly with damm. (K.) b2: And طَلَّهُ حَقَّهُ, aor. ـُ He diminished, or impaired, to him his right, or due; or deprived, or defrauded him of it, partly, or wholly: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, (TA,) he denied him, or refused him, his right, or due; (K, TA;) and withheld it [from him]: (TA:) and he annulled it; or made it to go for nought, as a thing of no account, or as a thing that had perished or become lost. (K, TA.) You say, طَلُّوا فُلَانًا حَقَّهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَلٌّ, They denied, or refused, such a one his right, or due: so says Khálid Ibn-Jembeh. (O.) b3: And طَلَّ غَرِيمَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. طَلٌّ, (O, K,) He delayed, or deferred, with his creditor, or put him off, by promising time after time to pay him. (O, * K.) b4: and طَلٌّ signifies also The driving of camels roughly, or rigorously. (K.) You say, طَلَّ الإِبِلَ, inf. n. طَلٌّ, He drove the camels roughly, or rigorously! (TK.) A3: طَلَّ, [sec. Pers\. طَلِلْتَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. طَلَالَةٌ; like مَلَّ, [sec. Pers\. مَلِلْتَ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. مَلَالَةٌ; (TA;) [accord. to Freytag, followed by لَهُ, and in the Deewán of the Hudhalees by إِلَيْهِ; and so, accord. to him, ↓ استطلّ, followed by لَهُ;] He, or it, was, or became, pleasing, (K, TA,) and goodly. (TA.) A4: And طَلَّهُ, (K,) inf. n. طَلٌّ, (TA,) is also syn. with طَلَاهُ: (K:) so in the phrase طَلَّهُ بِالوَرْسِ [He smeared it, or rubbed it over, with ورس, q. v.]; namely, a thing. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) 4 أَطْلَ3َ see 1, former half: A2: and the same, latter half, in two places.

A3: اطلّ عَلَيْهِ He (a man, Msb) looked upon it, looked upon it from above, looked down upon it, got a view of it, or saw it; syn. أَشْرَفَ, (S, O, K,) [i. e.] أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb,) or أَــوْفَى عليه; (Ham p. 208;) properly أَــوْفَى

عَلَيْهِ بِطَلَلِهِ, i. e. بِشَخْصِهِ [meaning he looked upon it, &c., with his body; not in imagination]; (Er-Rághib, TA;) and ↓ استطلّ signifies the same: (K:) and so أَطَفَّ عليه. (O in art. طف.) [See also 6.] Hence, in a trad., the saying of Safeeyeh the daughter of 'Abd-El-Muttalib, فَأَطَلَّ عَلَيْنَا يَهُودِىٌّ فَقُمْتُ فَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ ثُمَّ رَمَيْتُ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ [And a Jew looked upon us, and I arose, and smote off his head with the sword, then cast it upon them]. (O.) b2: [Hence, perhaps,] اطلّ الزَّمَانُ (assumed tropical:) The time drew near. (Msb.) b3: and اطلّ عَلَى حَقِّى فَذَهَبَ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) He got possession of my right, or due, and took it away, or went away with it. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) [See also أَطَفَّ.] b4: And اطلّ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He importuned him, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA,) حَتَّى غَلَبَهُ [so that, or until, he overcame him]. (TA.) And اطلّ فُلَانٌ عَلَى

فُلَانٍ بِالأَذَى (assumed tropical:) Such a one kept continually, or constantly, to the annoying, or molesting, or hurting, of such a one. (TA.) A4: An Arab woman of the desert is related to have said, مَا أَطَلَّ شِعْرَ جَمِيلٍ

وَأَحْلَاهُ [How pleasing is the poetry of Jemeel, and how sweet is it!]. (TA.) 5 هٰذِهِ الأَرْضُ قَدْ تَطَلَّلَتْ This land has produced herbage, and become replete, [for تَخَيَّرَتْ (to which I cannot assign any apposite meaning), in my original, I read تَحَيَّرَتْ,] and has not been trodden by any one: so says AA. (O.) 6 تَطَالَّ (S, O, in the K in art. طول written تَطَالَلَ,) إِلَى الشَّىْءِ (O) He stretched out his neck, looking at the thing, it being far from him: (S, O:) or he stretched out his neck to look: (TA in art. دمخ:) or تَطَالَلْتُ signifies I stood upon my toes, and stretched my stature, to look at a thing, (تَطَاوَلْتُ, K, TA, both of these verbs meaning thus, TA in art. طول,) and looked: (K, TA:) or, accord. to AA, التَّطَالُّ signifies the looking from above a place, or from a curtain or the like. (TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in art. شرف, conj. 10: and see also 4 in the present art.]10 إِسْتَطْلَ3َ see 4. b2: استطلّ الفَرَسُ بِذَنَبِهِ is expl. by Ibn-'Abbád as signifying مَرَّمُطِلًّا بِهِ إِذَا نَاصَبَهُ فِى

السَّمَآءِ [app. meaning The horse went along raising his tail toward the sky: for I think that إِذَا نَاصَبَهُ should be إِذَا كَانَ نَاصِبَهُ or أَىْ نَاصِبَهُ]. (O.) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one. R. Q. 1 طَلْطَلَهُ He moved him, agitated him, shook him, or put him into a state of motion or commotion; (K, TA;) like تَلْتَلَهُ: (TA:) [or,] accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, الطَّلْطَلَةُ signifies the moving about the arms in walking. (O.) طَلٌّ Light, (Msb,) or weak, (K,) [i. e. drizzling,] rain: (Msb, K:) or the lightest, (K,) or weakest, of rain: (S, O, Msb, K:) or dew (نَدًى, K, TA) that descends from the sky in cloudless weather: (TA:) or above نَدًى and less than مَطَرٌ: (K:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, rain that has little effect; and so in the Kur ii. 267: (TA:) pl. طِلَالٌ (S, O, K) and طِلَلٌ, (O, K,) the latter mentioned by Fr, and said by him to be the only instance of the kind that has been heard except حِرَفٌ pl. of حَرْفٌ as meaning the حَرْف of a mountain; (O;) [or] طَلَلٌ is a contraction of طِلَالٌ: in a saying of a poet, cited by IAar, (TA,) ↓ الطَّلَل occurs for الطَّلّ [in the CK الطُّلّ]: or in this instance, as some relate it, the word is الطِّلَل. (K, TA.) b2: And Milk: (K:) or so ↓ طُلٌّ, with damm, in the saying مَا بِالنَّاقَةِ طُلٌّ [There is not in the she-camel any milk], as Yaakoob says, and as is related on the authority of AA, (S,) and thus in the saying مَا بِالدَّارِ طُلٌّ [There is not in the house any milk]: (O:) or طُلٌّ signifies thus: or blood. (K. [But see this word below.]) b3: And Paucity of milk of a camel; as also ↓ طُلٌّ. (K.) b4: And Fat, or fatness; syn. طِرْقٌ [in the CK طَرَقٌ, and in my MS. copy of the K طُرْقٌ]: thus in the saying مَا بِالنَّاقَةِ طَلٌّ [There is not in the she-camel any fat, or fatness]. (M, K, TA: in the CK طُلٌّ.) A2: [It is also used as an epithet.] You say يَوْمٌ طَلٌّ, meaning ذُو طَلٍّ, i. e. [A day having drizzling rain, or dew; or] moist, or humid. (TA.) And أَرْضٌ طَلَّةٌ Land moistened by dew [or by drizzling rain]; (TA;) as also ↓ مَطْلُولَةٌ: (S, TA:) and [in like manner]

طَلَّةٌ signifies a meadow (رَوْضَةٌ) moistened by طَلّ. (K.) And طَلٌّ signifies Anything moist. (TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] Goodly, or good, or beautiful, and pleasing: thus applied to a night, and to poetry (شِعْر [in the CK شَعَر]), and to water, &c.: (K, TA:) applied to these as meaning good, or beautiful; and so to discourse; (TA;) and thus ↓ طَلِيلَةٌ applied to a خُطْبَة. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ طَلَّةٌ means A beautiful, elegant, or graceful, woman. (TA,) And خَمْرٌ طَلَّةٌ Pleasant, or delicious, wine: (S, O, K: *) or, as some say, such as descends easily [or pleasantly down the throat]. (TA.) And طَلَّةٌ applied to an odour (رَائِحَةٌ, K, TA, or رَيَّا, TA) likewise signifies Pleasant, or delicious. (K, TA.) A3: Also An aged man: (Kr, K:) and طَلَّةٌ signifies an old woman: (K, TA:) and a woman foul, unseemly, or obscene, in tongue; (K, * TA;) annoying, or molesting. (TA.) b2: And A serpent; (K;) thus accord. to IAar: (O:) and so ↓ طِلٌّ; (K;) thus accord. to AA; (O;) like طِلْعٌ. (TA in art. طلع.) طُلٌّ: see طَلٌّ, in two places. [But the signification of “ blood ” there mentioned requires consideration; for Sgh adds immediately after explaining the saying مَا بِالدَّارِ طُلٌّ what here follows.] b2: ذَهَبَ دَمُهُ طُلًّا and ↓ طِلًّا means هَدَرًا [i. e. His blood went for nought, unretaliated, and uncompensated by a mulct]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O. [Then follows immediately in the O الطُّلَّآءُ, expl. as below.]) طِلٌّ: see طَلٌّ, last sentence: A2: and see also طُلٌّ.

طَلَّةٌ [fem. of طَلٌّ, q. v. b2: And also used as a subst.: signifying] A wife. (S, O, K.) A2: and Daintiness, or delicacy, in food and clothing. (K, TA. [In the CK, النِّعْمَةُ is erroneously put for النَّعْمَةُ.]) طُلَّةٌ The neck. (K.) A2: And A draught of milk; (Az, K, TA;) as also ↓ طُلَّى: (Az, TA:) pl. of the former طُلَلٌ. (K.) طَلَلٌ A portion still standing of the remains of a dwelling or house; (S, O, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ طَلَالَةٌ: (K:) pl. أَطْلَالٌ and طُلُولٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter pl. sometimes used: (Msb:) what cleaves to the ground is termed رَسْمٌ: (TA:) the people of the towns or villages apply the term أَطْلَالٌ to the remains of walls and of places of worship; and the people of the tents to [the remains of] places of eating and of drinking and of sleeping: (Ham p. 541:) [and] as pl. of طَلَلٌ it signifies elevated places: one says, رَأَيْتُ طَلَلَ القَرْيَةِ, meaning I saw what was elevated of the land of the town, or village. (Har p. 139.) b2: And The شَخْص [or body, or bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance, such as one sees from a distance,] of a thing, (Msb, K,) whatever it be; as also ↓ طَلَالَةٌ: pl. of the former as above: (K:) the شَخْص [as meaning body, or person,] of a man; as also ↓ طَلَالَةٌ: (S, O:) or, of a man, the erect شَخْص. (Msb voce جُثَّةٌ.) And ظَلَالَةٌ, with ظ, signifies the same. (O and K in art. ظل.) One says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ طَلَلَكَ and ↓ طَلَالَتَكَ, meaning [May God preserve, or save,] thy شَخْص [i. e. body, or person]. (S, O.) And حَيَّا اللّٰهُ طَلَلَكَ and أَطْلَالَكَ, meaning مَا شَخَصَ مِنْ جَسَدِكَ [i. e. May God preserve, or save, what has risen into view of thy body, or person]. (TA.) b3: Also A place in the صَحْن [or court] of a house, prepared for the household to sit upon: ADk says that there was a place on which to eat and drink in the فِنَآء [or yard] of every house, called the طَلَل: (Az, TA:) accord. to ISd, (TA,) the طَلَل of a house is, or was, like the [kind of wide bench, of stone or brick &c., generally built against a wall, called] دُكَّانَة [or دُكَّان], upon which to sit. (K, TA.) b4: And The جِلَال [or deck] of a ship or boat; (M, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. (Mgh) the covering thereof, which is like the roof (Mgh, Msb) of a house or chamber: (Mgh:) pl. أَطْلَالٌ. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) [In the TA it is said to mean the شِرَاع of a ship or boat; which is a mistake, as is sufficiently shown by its being there immediately added, “hence the trad. of Aboo-Bekr, that he used to pray upon the اطلال of the ship or boat. ”] b5: [Hence, app.,] one says, (of a man, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) مَشَى عَلَى طَلَلِ المَآءِ i. e. على

ظَهْرِهِ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) which, Z says, means على وَجْهِهِ [i. e. (tropical:) He walked, or went along, upon the surface of the water: but whether this relates to a pretended miracle or to sliding upon ice, I know not]: and he adds that it is a tropical phrase. (TA.) A2: Also Anything fresh, or juicy, or [like طَلٌّ] moist; syn. طَرِىٌّ. (K.) b2: See also طَلٌّ, first sentence.

طَلِيلٌ: see مَطْلُولٌ.

A2: Also Sweet; syn. حُلْوٌ: (so accord. to the O and some copies of the K: accord. to other copies of the K, i. q. خِلق; i. e., accord. to some of these copies, خَلْقٌ; accord. to some, خَلَقٌ; and accord. to some, خَلِقٌ:) thus expl. by Ibn-'Abbád; and said by him to be of the dial. of Hudheyl. (O.) [The explanation in the O is, I doubt not, the right: and hence] b2: طَلِيلَةٌ applied to a خُطْبَة: see طَلٌّ, latter part.

A3: Also A mat; syn. حَصِيرٌ: (IAar, O, K:) or such as is woven of [the leaves of the]

دَوْم [or Theban palm-tree]; or of the leaves of the date-palm; or of the قُشُور [app. meaning the peels of the branches] thereof: (K, TA:) so in the M: in the T it is said that ↓ طَلِيلَةٌ means, accord. to AA, a [mat of the kind called] بُورِيَآء; and accord. to As, a بَارِىّ [which signifies the same as بوريآ]: (TA:) pl. أَطِلَّةٌ and طِلَّةٌ and طُلُلٌ. (K.) طَلَالَةٌ [an inf. n.: see 1, last sentence but one. And, as a simple subst.,] A good, or goodly, state or condition; and a beautiful aspect, appearance, mien, or guise. (IAar, O, K.) and Beauty, or beauty of colour, or brightness: (O, K:) so in the saying, عَلَى مَنْطِقِهِ طَلَالَةُ الحُسْنِ [Upon his diction is the glow of beauty]. (O.) Accord. to As, i. q. حُسْنٌ and مَآءٌ [i. e. Goodliness, or beauty, and, app., lustre]. (TA.) b2: Also, (AA, O, K,) and some say ↓ طُلَالَةٌ, (AA, O,) Joy, gladness, or happiness. (AA, O, K.) A2: See also طَلَلٌ, in four places. b2: [Hence,] one says فَرَسٌ حَسَنُ الطَّلَالَةِ, meaning [A horse goodly, or beautiful,] in what is high, or elevated, of his frame, or make. (TA.) طُلَالَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

طَلِيلَةٌ: see طَلِيلٌ.

طُلَّى: see طُلَّةٌ.

طُلَّآءٌ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) like سُلَّآءٌ, (K, TA,) [in the CK, طَلّاء, like سَلّاء, and] in some copies of the K, erroneously, طِلَّآء, (TA,) Blood, itself: and some say, a pellicle upon the surface thereof: (O:) [and in like manner طُلَّآء is expl. in the K in art. طلأ:] or blood that has been made to go for nought, unretaliated, and uncompensated by a mulct: (K: [and from the context in the O, it seems that this is probably meant by Ibn-'Abbád: see طُلٌّ:]) accord. to AAF, (TA,) the ء in this word is originally ل. (K, TA.) طُلْطُلٌ A chronic, or permanent, disease. (IAar, Az, K.) طُلَطِلٌ: see طُلَاطِلَةٌ.

طُلَطِلَةٌ: see طُلَاطِلَةٌ: each in two places.

طَلَاطِلُ: see طُلَاطِلَةٌ: each in two places.

طُلَاطِلٌ: see the next paragraph, in three places.

طُلَاطِلَةٌ A calamity, or misfortune; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ طُلَطِلَةٌ [in the CK طَلْطَلَة] and ↓ طُلَطِلٌ [in the CK طَلْطَل]. (K, TA.) b2: Also, (S, O,) or ↓ طُلَاطِلٌ, (M, K,) A disease that wearies the physicians, (S, M, O, K,) for which there is no remedy: (S, O:) and said in the M to be a pain in the back. (TA.) And the former, A disease that attacks a man in his belly; as also ↓ طُلَطِلَةٌ. (O.) And A disease in the backs of asses, that breaks their backs; (K, * TA;) so in the M; (TA;) as also طِلاطل with damm and fet-h [i. e.

↓ طُلَاطِلٌ and ↓ طَلَاطِلُ]. (K.) b3: And Death; as also ↓ طُلَاطِلٌ; (K, TA;) so in the M, with damm; and with fet-h [i. e. ↓ طَلَاطِلُ]. (TA.) b4: And A certain piece of flesh in the fauces: (ISd, K, TA:) or the piece of flesh extending downwards upon [the upper extremity of] the مُسْتَرَط [or مَسْرَط, i. e. the gullet]; (As, Az, O, K, * TA;) [meaning] the لَهَاة [or uvula]: (TA:) or, (O, K,) accord. to AHeyth, (O,) the falling of the لَهَاة [or uvula], so that neither food nor beverage passes the fauces easily by reason of it. (O, K.) أَطْلَالُ is the name of a certain mare, (O, K,) or of a she-camel, (K,) which, in reply to her rider's commanding her to leap a river, on the day of El-Kádiseeyeh, is asserted to have spoken, saying, وَثْبٌ وَسُورَةِ البَقَرَةِ [A leap, by the Chapter of the Cow!]. (O, K.) [Freytag has erroneously said, as on the authority of the K, that it is a name of the chapter of the Kur-án otherwise called بقرة.]

مُطَلٌّ: see مَطْلُولٌ.

أَمْرٌ مُطِلٌّ An affair not settled, or not established. (So accord. to some copies of the S and K, expl. by the words لَيْسَ بِمُسْتَقِرٍّ: in other copies of both, and in the O, ليس بِمُسْفِرٍ [to which I am unable to assign any probable meaning].) مُطَلِّلٌ i. q. ضَبَابٌ [Mist; or moisture like clouds, or like dust, covering the earth in the early mornings; or thin clouds, like smoke; &c.: see art. ضب]. (TA.) مَطْلُولٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce طَلٌّ. b2: Also Blood made to go for nought, unretaliated, and uncompensated by a mulct; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ طَلِيلٌ and ↓ مُطَلٌّ. (K.) b3: Also [or لَبَنٌ مَطْلُولٌ] Pure milk with froth upon it, upon which water has been poured, and which one imagines to be good, or pleasant, whereas there is no goodness in it; and so ↓ مَطْلُولَةٌ: or this latter, some say, signifies a piece of skin soaked and softened [ for مَوْزُونَةٌ in my original, which I think a mistranscription, I read مَوْدُونَةٌ,] with pure milk, which they eat [app. in a time of scarcity].

مَطْلُولَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شنب

1 شَنِبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَنَبٌ, (TA,) He had the quality termed شَنَبٌ meaning as expl. below. (K.) b2: And It (a day) was, or became, cool, or cold. (A, K.) شَنَبٌ Lustre, and fineness, or delicacy, or thinness, and coolness, and sweetness, in the teeth: (A, K:) or lustre, and fineness, or delicacy, or thinness, in the fore teeth: (TA:) or these two qualities, together with coolness and sweetness, in the mouth, accord. to As, or in the teeth: (TA:) or coolness and sweetness in the teeth: or sharpness of the teeth: (S:) or sharpness of the canine teeth, like غَرْبٌ, so that they appear like a saw: (K:) or white specks in the teeth: (A, K:) or the state of the teeth when they appear somewhat tinged with blackness, like the appearance of blackness in hail; غُرُوبٌ signifying the “ lustre ” of the teeth; and ظَلْمٌ, their “ whiteness that is as though there were over it a blackness: ” (ISh, TA:) Abu-l-'Abbás says, It is variously expl., as a serrated state of the teeth: and their clearness and cleanness: and their being separate, or apart, one from another: and the sweetness of their odour: (TA:) El-Jarmee says, I heard As say that this word signifies coolness of the mouth and teeth; and I said, Our companions say that it is their sharpness when they come forth; by which is meant their new, or recent, and fresh state; for when they have undergone the lapse of years, they become abraded, or worn: but he said, It is nothing but their coolness: and the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, وَفِى اللِّثَاتِ وَفِى أَنْيَابِهَا شَنَبُ [which should be rendered And in the gums, and in her canine teeth, is coolness], corroborates the assertion of As; for there is no sharpness in the gum: (S, L, TA:) it is also related of As that he said, I asked Ru-beh respecting the meaning of شَنَبٌ, and he took a grain of pomegranate, and pointed to its lustre: (Mz, TA:) [and ↓ شُنْبَةٌ signifies the same:] a poet says, مُنَصَّبُهَا حَمْشٌ أَحَمُّ يَزِينُهُ عَوَارِضُ فِيهَا شُنْبَةٌ وَغُرُوبُ

[Her even set of front teeth are slender and white, side teeth in which are coolness and lustre adorning them]. (O, TA.) b2: [In the present day, it signifies The mustache.]

شَنِبٌ and ↓ شَانِبٌ, (A, K,) the former regular, the latter on the authority of usage, (TA,) A cool, or cold, day. (A, K.) شُنْبَةٌ Coolness, or coldness, of a day. (O, K.) b2: See also شَنَبٌ, near the end.

شَنِيبٌ: see أَشْنَبُ.

شَانِبٌ: see شَنِبٌ: b2: and what here follows.

أَشْنَبُ Having the quality termed شَنَبٌ meaning as expl. above; (A, O, K;) as also ↓ شَانِبٌ, (K,) which is irregular, (TA,) and ↓ شَنِيبٌ, (K,) [which is likewise irregular;] but the first of these three is the most common: (TA:) applied to a man, (O,) and to the ثَغْر [or front teeth], (A,) [and to the mouth, as in a verse cited voce زَرْنَبٌ:] fem. شَنْبَآءُ, (S, O, K,) applied to a woman, (S, O,) and also written شَمْبَآءُ, (K,) the ن being changed into م because of the following ب, and in like manner [the pl. شُنْبٌ is also written]

شُمْبٌ. (TA.) b2: شَنْبَآءُ also signifies A pomegranate (رُمَّانَةٌ) such as is termed إِمْلِيسِيَّةٌ, having no grains, but only juice within the rind, (A, K, TA,) in the form of grains without stones. (TA.) مِشْنَبٌ A young boy whose teeth are sharp and serrated by reason of his youthfulness. (IAar, O.) مَشَانِبُ Sweet mouths. (O, K.)

قرح

1 قَرَحَهُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. قَرْحٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb) and قُرْحٌ, (A,) or the latter is a simple subst., (L, Msb,) He wounded him; syn. جَرَحَهُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K. *) b2: قَرَحَ بِئْرًا: see 8. b3: And قُرِحَ said of an arrow: see 8. b4: قُرِحَ said of a camel, He was attacked by the disease termed قُرْحَة [q. v.]; as also ↓ قُرِّحَ. (L.) b5: قَرَحَهُ بِالحَقِّ, (S, A, L, K, [in some copies of the K قرّحهُ,]) inf. n. قَرْحٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He accused him to his face (اِسْتَقْبَلَهُ) with truth: (S, A, L, K:) or [simply] he accused him (رَمَاهُ) with truth. (L.) See an ex. voce قُرْحَانٌ. [See also 3.]

A2: قَرَحَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. قُرُوحٌ; (S, A, K;) and قَرِحَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَرَحٌ; and ↓ اقرح; (K;) the last mentioned by Lh, but bad, or of weak authority, and rejected; (TA;) said of a horse, (A, K,) or of a solid-hoofed animal, (S, Msb,) He finished teething, (S, Msb, K,) completing his fifth year: (S, Msb:) or became in the state corresponding to that of the camel that is termed بَازِلٌ: or shed [his corner-nipper, i. e.] the tooth next after the رَبَاعِيَة: (K:) when a horse's nipper that is next to the central pair of nippers falls out, and a new tooth grows in its place, he is termed رَبَاعٍ: this is when he has completed his fourth year: and when the time of his قُرُوح comes, [the corner-nipper which is] the tooth next after the رَبَاعِيَة falls out, and his نَاب grows in its place: [but by the ناب (which more properly means the tusk, and which does protrude at this time,) must be here meant the permanent corner-nipper, corresponding to the ناب of a human being:] this tooth is his ↓ قَارِح: no tooth is shed, nor is any bred, after قُرُوح: and when the horse has entered his sixth year, you say of him قَدْ قَرَحَ: (IAar, T:) one says أَجْذَعَ المُهْرُ, and أَثْنَى, and أَرْبَعَ, and قَرَحَ; the last, only, without ا: and of every solid-hoofed animal one says يَقْرَحُ; and of [the camel, or] every animal that has a foot of the kind termed خُفّ, يَبْزُلُ; and of every animal that has a divided hoof, يَصْلَغُ. (S.) [See also قَارِحٌ.] b2: And قَرَحَ نَابُهُ His باب [here meaning permanent cornernipper as above] grew forth. (A.) b3: [Hence] one says also قَرَحَتْ سِنُّ الصَّبِىِّ (tropical:) The tooth of the young male child was about, or ready, to grow forth. (A.) b4: قَرَحَتْ, (S, K, TA,) aor. ـَ (S, TA,) inf. n. قُرُوحٌ (S, K, TA) and قِرَاحٌ, (TA,) said of a she-camel, She was, or became, in a manifest state of pregnancy: (S, K, TA:) or began to be in a state of pregnancy: or began to show a sign of pregnancy by raising her tail: (TA:) or was in a state in which she was not supposed to be pregnant, and did not give a sign of it with her tail, until her pregnancy became evident in the appearance of her belly. (Lth, TA.) [See also قَارِحٌ.]

A3: قَرِحَ, aor. ـَ (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. قَرَحٌ, (S, A, * Msb, K, TA, [accord. to the CK, app. قَرْحٌ, for the v. is there said to be like سَمِعَ, but this is wrong,]) He, (a man, Msb, K, *) or it, (his skin, S, A,) broke out with قُرُوح [i. e. purulent pustules]; (S, A, Msb, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ تقرّح it (his body) broke out, or became affected, therewith. (S.) b2: And [hence] one says, قَرِحَ قَلْبُ الرَّجُلِ مِنَ الحُزْنِ (assumed tropical:) [The heart of the man became as though it were ulcerated by grief]. (L.) b3: قَرِحَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَرَحٌ, said of a horse, He had a white mark in his face, such as is termed قُرْحَة. (IAar, S.) 2 قرّحهُ He wounded him much, or in many places. (Msb.) b2: قُرِّحَ said of a camel: see 1, near the beginning. b3: [قرّحهُ بِالحَقِّ in some copies of the K is a mistranscription; the verb in this phrase being without teshdeed.] b4: قرّح الوَشْمَ He pricked, or punctured, the وشم [or tattoo] with the needle. (A.) b5: And [the inf. n.]

التَّقْرِيحُ signifies التَّشْوِيكُ [by which may be meant The pricking with a thorn: or, as seems to be not improbable from what here follows, it may be from شوّك الزَّرْعُ, q. v.]. (TA.) b6: قرّح, (A,) inf. n. تَقْرِيحٌ, (TA,) said of the [plant called]

عَرْفَج, means (tropical:) It put forth its first growth. (A, TA. *) And قرّح الشَّجَرُ (tropical:) The trees put forth the heads [or extremities] of their leaves. (A.) Accord. to AHn, التَّقْرِيحُ signifies (assumed tropical:) The first vegetation of herbs, or leguminous plants, that grow from grain, or seed: and the growing of the stalk of herbs, or leguminous plants; i. e. the appearing of the stem thereof: IAar uses the phrase يَنْبُتُ صُلْبًا ↓ البَقْلُ مُقْتَرِحًا [as though meaning the herbs, or leguminous plants, grow putting forth the stem in a hard, or firm, state]; but it should be ↓ مُقَرِّحًا, unless ↓ اِقْتَرَحَ be a dial. var. of قَرَّحَ: or it may be that ↓ مُقْتَرِحًا here means standing upright upon the stem thereof. (TA.) تَقْرِيحُ الأَرْضِ signifies The land's beginning to give growth to plants, or herbage. (TA.) 3 قارحهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُقَارَحَةٌ, (S, K,) (tropical:) He faced him, confronted him, or encountered him. (S, * A, * K.) You say, لَقِيتُهُ مُقَارَحَةً (tropical:) I met him face to face. (S, A.) 4 اقرحهُ اللّٰهُ God caused his skin to break out with قُرُوح [or purulent pustules]. (S.) b2: and مَا زِلْتُ آكُلُ الوَرَقَ حَتَّى أَقْرَحَ شَفَتِى [app. I ceased not to eat the leaves until my lip broke out with purulent pustules, or sores]. (A. [So accord. to two copies: but perhaps correctly أُقْرِحَ.]) b3: And اقرحوا They had their cattle attacked by [what is termed] القَرْح [which may here mean purulent pustules, or sores]: (S, L:) or they had their camels attacked by the severe and destructive mange or scab termed القَرْح (K) or القُرْح. (L. [But see قَرْحٌ.]) A2: See also 1, first quarter.5 تَقَرَّحَ see 1, near the end.

A2: تقرّح لَهُ (K, TA) بِالشَّرِّ (TA) i. q. تَهَيَّأَ [app. He prepared himself for him, or it, with evil intent]: and so تَقَذَّحَ and تَقَدَّحَ [if these be not mistranscriptions]. (TA.) 8 اقترح رَكِيَّةً (A) or بِئْرًا, (K,) and ↓ قَرَحَهَا, (A, K,) He dug a well (A, K) in a place in which one had not been dug, (A,) or in a place wherein water was not [as yet] found. (K.) b2: اُقْتُرِحَ and ↓ قُرِحَ, said of an arrow, (assumed tropical:) It was begun to be made. (TA.) b3: اقترح الجَمَلَ (tropical:) He rode the camel before it had been ridden [by any other person]. (S, A, K. *) b4: And اقترح (tropical:) He originated, invented, or excogitated, a thing; made it, did it, produced it, or caused it to be or exist, for the first time; (IAar, Msb, K, TA;) spontaneously, without his having heard it; (IAar, TA;) or without there having been any precedent. (Msb.) (assumed tropical:) He elicited a thing, without having heard it. (K.) And (tropical:) He uttered, or composed, a speech, or discourse, or the like, extemporaneously; without premeditation. (S, A, K, TA.) b5: Also (tropical:) He chose for himself, took in preference, or selected. (IAar, L, K.) Hence one says, اقترح عَلَيْهِ صَوْتَ كَذَا وَكَذَا (assumed tropical:) He desired of him in preference such and such an air, or such and such a tune or song. (IAar, L.) And one says, أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنِ اقْتَرَحَ مَوَدَّةَ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) I am the first [who has chosen for himself the love, or affection, of such a one, or] who has taken such a one as a friend. (A.) b6: And (tropical:) He exercised his authority, or judgment, (K, TA,) عَلَيْهِ over him: (TA:) or he demanded some particular thing of some particular person by the exercise of his authority, or judgment, (El-Beyhakee, TA, and Har * p. 142,) and with ungentleness, roughness, or severity. (Har ibid.) And اقترح عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا (tropical:) He exercised his authority, or judgment, over him, in such a thing, and asked without consideration. (TA.) And اقترح عَلَيْهِ شَيْئًا (tropical:) He asked of him a thing without consideration. (S, A.) A2: See also 2, last sentence but one.

قَرْحٌ and ↓ قُرْحٌ A wound; (L;) the bite of a weapon, and of a similar thing that wounds the body: (L, K: [but in some copies of the K, for عَضُّ السِّلَاحِ وَنَحْوِهِ مِمَّا يَجْرَحُ البَدَنَ (which is the reading in the CK), we find عضّ السلاح وَنَحْوُهُ ممّا يَخْرُجُ بِالبَدَنِ, and the L and TA combine the two readings, the latter whereof gives a second signification, which will be found below:]) i. q. جُرْحٌ [with which جَرْحٌ is held by many to be syn.]: (TA:) they are two dial. vars., (S, Msb,) like ضَعْفٌ and ضُعْفٌ, (S,) and جَهْدٌ and جُهْدٌ, (Fr, Msb, TA,) and وَجْدٌ and وُجْدٌ; (Fr, TA;) the former of the dial. of El-Hijáz: (Msb:) or the former is an inf. n. and the latter is a simple subst.: (L, Msb:) or the former signifies as above; and the latter signifies its pain: (A:) or the latter seems to bear this latter signification; and the former, to signify wounds themselves: (Yaakoob, TA:) [and the like is said in the L and K:]) [and thus used in a pl. sense, the former is a coll. gen. n.;] and its n. un. is ↓ قَرْحَةٌ; and pl. قُرُوحٌ: (L:) one says, بِهِ قُرْحٌ مِنْ قَرْحٍ In him is pain from a wound; (A;) or from wounds. (L.) b2: قَرْحٌ also signifies Pustules, or small swellings, when they have become corrupt; (L, K;) [i. e. purulent pustules; and imposthumes, ulcers, or sores: and so ↓ قُرْحٌ accord. to the L and some copies of the K, as shown above; but this seems to be of doubtful authority: قَرْحٌ in this sense is a coll. gen. n.:] its n. un. is ↓ قَرْحَةٌ; and pl. قُرُوحٌ. (S.) Imra-el-Keys (the poet, TA) was called ذُو القُرُوحِ because the King of the Greeks sent to him a poisoned shirt, from the wearing of which his body became affected with purulent pustules, or ulcers, or sores, (تَقَرَّحَ,) and he died: (S, K, * TA:) or, as some say, he was called ذُو الفُرُوجٍ, with ف and ج; because he left only daughters. (Es-Suyootee, TA.) b3: Also, (accord. to the K,) or ↓ قُرْحٌ, (as in the L,) A severe scab or mange, that destroys young weaned camels; (L, K;) or that attacks young weaned camels, and from which they scarcely ever, or never, recover: so says Lth: Az, however, says that this is a mistake; but that قُرْحَةٌ signifies a certain disease that attacks camels, expl. below. (L.) A2: See also قَرِيحٌ.

قُرْحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

A2: See also قَرِيحَةٌ in two places. [Hence] one says, هُوَ فِى قُرْحِ سِنِّهِ (tropical:) He is in the first part of his age. (TA.) أَنَا فِى قُرْحِ الثَّلَاثِينَ (tropical:) I am in the beginning of the thirtieth [year] was said by an Arab of the desert to IAar, who had asked him his age. (TA.) And القُرْحُ, (K,) by some written القُرَحُ [pl. of ↓ القُرْحَةُ], (MF, TA,) signifies Three nights (K, TA) of the first part (TA) of the month. (K, TA.) قَرَحٌ a subst. signifying The state (in a camel) of having never had the mange, or scab: and (in a child) of having never been attacked by the small-pox. (S.) قَرِحٌ A man, (Msb,) or a man's skin, (S,) breaking out with قُرُوح [or purulent pustules]. (S, Msb.) قَرْحَةٌ: see قَرْحٌ (of which it is the n. un.) in two places: A2: and see also فَرْجَةٌ.

قُرْحَةٌ A disease that attacks camels, consisting in قُرُوح [or purulent pustules] in the mouth, in consequence of which the lip hangs down; not scab, or mange. (Az, L, TA.) [See also قَرْحٌ, near the end.]

A2: Also A غُرَّة [meaning star, or blaze, or white mark,] in the middle of the forehead of a horse: (T, L:) or what is less than a غُرَّة in the face of a horse: (S, K:) or it is a whiteness in the forehead of a horse (Mgh) of the size of a dirhem, or smaller than it; (AO, Mgh, TA;) whereas the غُرَّة is larger than a dirhem: (AO, TA:) or what is like a small dirhem between a horse's eyes: (En-Nadr, TA:) or any whiteness, in the face of a horse, which stops short of reaching the place of the halter upon the nose; differently distinguished in relation to its form, as being round, or triangular, or four-sided, or elongated, or scanty: (L, TA:) [and it is also applied to a white mark upon the face of the common fly: (see قَدُوحٌ:) the pl. is قُرَحٌ, like غُرَرٌ.] b2: [Hence] one says, هُوَ قَرْحَةُ أَصْحَابِهِ i. e. غُرَّتُهُمْ [meaning (tropical:) He is the noble, or eminent, one of his companions; or the chief, or lord, of them]. (A.) b3: And [hence, likewise,] قُرْحَةٌ signifies also (tropical:) The first, or commencement, of the [rain called] وَسْمِىّ; (A;) and of the [season called] رَبِيع; or of the شِتَآء. (K.) b4: See also قُرْحٌ.

قَرْحَانُ: see قَارِحٌ, last sentence.

قُرْحَان ([i. e. قُرْحَانٌ or قُرْحَانُ] with or without tenween, as you please, Sh, TA) A camel that has never been attached by the mange, or scab: (S, K:) and a child, (S, K,) or a man, (A,) that has never been attacked by the small-pox, (T, * S, A, K,) nor by the measles, (T, A,) nor by purulent pustules or the like: (T:) applied alike to one (S, K) and to two (S) and to a pl. number, (S, A, K,) and expl. as meaning persons not yet attacked by disease, (S,) and also applied alike to the male and to the female: (TA:) قُرْحَانُونَ [as a pl. thereof] is of weak authority, (K,) or disused. (S, A, L.) b2: [Hence] one says, أَنْتَ بِهِ ↓ قُرْحَانٌ مِمَّا قُرِحْتَ i. e. (tropical:) Thou art clear [of that whereof thou hast been accused]. (A, TA.) And أَنْتَ قُرْحَانٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) Thou art quit of this affair; and so ↓ قُرَاحِىٌّ. (Az, K, TA.) b3: And قُرْحَان signifies also One who has not witnessed war; and so ↓ قُرَاحِىٌّ: b4: and One who has been touched by قُرُوح [here app. meaning wounds, and perhaps also purulent pustules]: thus having contr. significations: (K:) masc. and fem. (TA.) A2: Also, قُرْحَانٌ, [with tenween,] A species of كَمَأَة [or truffle], (S, K, TA,) white, small, and having heads like those of the فُطْر [or toadstool]: (TA:) one of which is called قُرْحَانَةٌ, (S, K,) or ↓ أَقْرَحُ. (K.) [See also فَرْحَانَةٌ.]

قِرْحِيَآءُ: see the next paragraph.

قَرَاحٌ Clear, pure, or free from admixture; as also ↓ قَرِيحٌ. (AHn, K. [And particularly] Water not mixed with anything: (S, A:) or water not mixed with camphor nor with [any of the perfumes called] حَنُوط nor with any other thing: (Msb:) or water not mixed (Mgh, K) with aught of سَوِيق, (Mgh,) or with dregs of سويق, (K,) nor any other thing: (Mgh, TA:) such as is drunk after food. (TA.) And Water mixed [thus in the L, and hence in the TA, probably a mistake of a copyist for not mixed] with something to give it a sweet taste, as honey, and dates, and raisins. (L, TA.) b2: Also, (or أَرْضٌ قَرَاحٌ, A,) A place of seed-produce, having no building upon it, nor any trees in it: (S, Msb:) or land (T, K) lying open to view, (T,) containing neither water nor trees, (T, K,) and not intermixed with anything: (T:) or land having in it no herbage nor any places of growth of herbage: (A:) or any piece of land by itself, having in it no trees nor any intermixture of a place exuding water and producing salt: (Mgh:) or any piece of land by itself, in which palm-trees

&c. grow: (L:) or land cleared for sowing and planting: (AHn, K:) as also ↓ قِرْوَاحٌ and ↓ قِرْيَاحٌ and ↓ قِرْحِيَآءُ: (K:) or ↓ قِرْوَاحٌ signifies land lying open to the sun, not intermixed with anything: (S:) or [a place] exposed to the sky, not concealed from it by anything: (K:) or a wide tract of land: (A:) or a wide, or plain and wide, expanse of land, not having in it any trees, and not intermixed with anything: (IAar:) or a hard and even tract of land, and a plain tract in which the water is not retained, somewhat elevated, but having an even surface, from which the water flows off to the right and left: (ISh:) the pl. of قَرَاحٌ is أَقْرِحَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or, as some say, this is pl. of ↓ قريح. (TA.) قَرِيحٌ Wounded; (S, A, * Mgh, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مَقْرُوحٌ; (A, * Mgh, Msb;) and ↓ قَرْحٌ [an inf. n. used as an epithet and therefore by rule applicable to a pl. as well as to a sing.]: (L:) pl. of the first قَرْحَى (S, A, L) and قَرَاحَى. (L.) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, لَا يُسْلِمُونَ قَرِيحًا حلَّ وَسْطَهُمَا يَوْمَ اللِّقَآءِ وَلَا يُشْوونَ مَنْ قَرَحُوا (S, IB) i. e. They will not deliver up to the enemy a wounded man who has alighted in the midst of them, on the day of encounter, nor will they hit in a part not vital him whom they wound. (IB.) b2: See also مَقْرُوحٌ, in two places.

A2: And see قَرَاحٌ, first sentence; and end of last sentence. b2: Also A cloud when it first rises. (K.) b3: and The water of a cloud (K, TA) when it descends. (TA.) قَرِيحَةٌ The first water that is drawn forth, or produced, of a well, (S, A, K, TA,) when it is dug; (TA;) and ↓ قُرْحٌ signifies the same. (K.) b2: And The first of what pours forth, or descends, [for اصاب in my original I read صَابَ] of the contents of clouds. (A.) b3: And (tropical:) The first of a thing; (A;) and so ↓ قُرْحٌ; and the former, the first of anything. (K.) b4: And (tropical:) A faculty whereby intellectual things are elicited, or excogitated. (MF.) One says, لِفُلَانٍ قَرِيحَةٌ جَيِّدَةٌ i. e. (tropical:) Such a one has a good, or an excellent, natural faculty for the elicitation of matters of science: (S, A:) from قَرِيحَةٌ in the first of the senses expl. above. (S.) b5: And (tropical:) The natural, native, or innate, disposition, temper, or other quality, of a person: (K, TA:) and, as some expl. it, the mind, and intellect: (TA:) pl. قَرَائِحُ. (L.) قُرَاحِىٌّ: see قُرْحَان, in two places. b2: Also One who keeps to the town, or village, not going forth into the desert: (K:) or it is a rel. n. from قُرَاحٌ, a certain town, or village, on the shore of the sea. (T.) القُرَاحِيَّتَانِ The two flanks. (K.) قُرَيْحَآءُ A certain thing (هَنَةٌ [perhaps a large calculus, which may weigh several pounds,]) that is found in the belly of the horse, like the head of a man: thus in the K, and the like is said in the T and L. (TA.) b2: And, of the camel, [The ventricle into which it conveys whatever it eats of earth and pebbles;] what is called لَقَّاطَةُ الحَصَى

[and more commonly لَاقِطَةُ الحَصَى, q. v.]. (K.) قِرْوَاحٌ: see قَرَاحٌ, in two places. b2: هَضْبَةٌ قِرْوَاحٌ A [hill, or mountain, such as is termed] هضبة, that is smooth, bare of herbage, and tall, or long. (TA.) b3: And نَخْلَةٌ قِرْوَاحٌ A tall palm-tree: (S, * A:) or a tall and smooth palm-tree, (K, TA,) of which the lower parts of the branches are bare and long: (TA:) pl. قَرَاوِيحُ, (K,) and (by poetic license, L) قَرَاوِحُ. (S.) b4: And نَاقَةٌ قِرْوَاحٌ, (S, K,) or قِرْوَاحُ القَوَائِمِ, (A,) A long-legged she-camel; (S, A, K;) described by an Arab of the desert to As as one that walks as though upon spears [i. e. as though her legs were spears]. (S.) b5: And جَمَلٌ قِرْوَاحٌ A camel that dislikes the drinking with the great, or old, ones, but drinks with the small, or young, ones, when they come. (AA, K.) قِرْيَاحٌ: see قَرَاحٌ.

قَارِحٌ A solid-hoofed animal finishing teething, completing his fifth year: (S, Msb:) or in the state corresponding to that of the camel that is termed بَازِلٌ: (K:) [or shedding his corner-nipper: (see قَرَحَ:)] in the first year he is termed حَوْلِىٌّ; then, جَذَعٌ; then, ثَنِىٌّ; then, رَبَاعٍ; and then قَارِحٌ: (S:) or in the second year, فَلُوٌّ; and in the third, جَذَعٌ: (TA:) pl. قَرَّحٌ (S, K) and قَوَارِحُ (K) and ↓ مَقَارِيحُ, (S, K,) the last (which occurs in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, S) anomalous, (K, TA,) as though pl. of مِقْرَاحٌ: (TA:) fem. قَارِحٌ and قَارِحَةٌ, (K,) but the former is the more approved, and the latter is by Az disallowed; (TA;) pl. قَوَارِحُ. (S.) b2: The tooth by [the growing, or shedding, of] which a horse, or other solid-hoofed animal becomes what is termed قَارِحٌ; (K;) the [permanent, or the deciduous, cornernipper, or] tooth next but one to the central pair of incisors: pl. قَوَارِحُ: the teeth thus called are four. (S.) [See قَرَحَ.] b3: Also A she-camel becoming in a manifest state of pregnancy: (S, K:) or in the first stage of pregnancy: or showing a sign of pregnancy by raising her tail: (TA:) or not supposed to be pregnant, and not giving a sign of being so by raising her tail, until her pregnancy becomes evident in the appearance of her belly: (Lth:) or not known to have conceived until her pregnancy has become manifest: or whose pregnancy is complete: (TA:) or a she-camel is so termed in the days when she is covered by the stallion; after which, when her pregnancy has become manifest, she is termed خَلِفَةٌ, until she enters upon the term called التَّعْشِير: (IAar:) also a mare that has gone forty days from the commencement of her pregnancy, and more, until it has become known: pl. قَوَارِحُ and قُرَّحٌ. (TA.) A2: See also مَقْرُوحٌ.

A3: Also A bow having a space between it and its string. (K.) A4: and القَارِحُ signifies The lion; as also ↓ القَرْحَانُ. (K.) أَقْرَحُ A horse having in his face a [star, or blaze, such as is termed] قُرْحَة: [fem. قَرْحَآءُ:] (S, A, Mgh:) pl. قُرْحٌ. (A.) And it is also an epithet applied [in a similar sense] to every common fly. (A, TA. [See قَدُوحٌ.]) b2: [Hence,] رَوْضَةٌ قَرْحَآءُ (tropical:) [A meadow] in which, (S, K,) or in the middle of which, (TA,) is a white نُوَّارَة [or flower]; (S, K, TA;) or in the middle of which are white نَوْر [or flowers]: (A:) and of which the herbage has appeared. (TA.) b3: And [hence also] تَعَرَّى الدُّجَى عَنْ وَجْهٍ أَقْرَحَ (tropical:) [The darkness became stripped] from the dawn, or daybreak. (A, TA.) b4: See also قُرْحَان, last signification. b5: [اَقْرَحُ in the CK voce قَسَامِىّ is a mistake for the verb أَقْرَحَ; not an epithet as Freytag has supposed it to be.]

مُقَرَّحٌ: see مَقْرُوحٌ, in two places. b2: المُقَرَّحَةُ also signifies أَوَّلُ الإِرْطَابِ; (so in copies of the K; but in one copy المُقَرِّحَةُ; [the right explanation, however, is evidently, I think, أَوَّلُ الأَرْطَابِ, and the meaning (assumed tropical:) The first, or earliest, of the ripe dates; المُقَرَّحَةُ being an epithet applied to them;]) this being the case when there appear [upon them] what are like قُرُوح [or purulent pustules]. (TA.) مُقَرِّحٌ: see 2, last quarter.

مُقْرُوحٌ: see قَرِيحٌ. b2: Also Having قُرُوح [or purulent pustules]. (K.) b3: Also A young weaned camel attacked by the disease termed قُرْح; [see قَرْحٌ;] as also ↓ قَارِحٌ: or a camel attacked by the disease termed قُرْحَة; as also ↓ قَرِيحٌ and ↓ مُقَرَّحٌ: (L:) one says ↓ إِبِلٌ مُقَرَّحَةٌ, [accord. to some copies of the K مُقَرِّحَةٌ, but erroneously, for it is from قُرِّحَ,] meaning camels having قُرُوح [or purulent pustules] in their mouths, in consequence of which their lips hang down; (K;) and so إِبِلٌ قَرْحَى [in which the epithet is pl. of ↓ قَرِيحٌ]. (L.) b4: And طَرِيقٌ مَقْرُوحٌ (assumed tropical:) A road in which marks, or tracks, have been made [by the feet of men and of beasts], so that it has been rendered conspicuous. (K, TA.) مَقَارِيحُ an anomalous pl. of قَارِحٌ, q. v.

مُقْتَرِحٌ: see 2, last quarter, in two places.

بكر

1 بَكَرَ and غَدَا both [properly] relate to the beginning of the day: (Az, Msb:) the former of these verbs, (T, S, A,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بُكُورٌ; (T, S;) and ↓ بكّر, (T, S, A,) inf. n. تَبْكِيرٌ; (T, S;) and ↓ ابكر, and ↓ ابتكر, (S, A,) and ↓ باكر; (S;) all signify the same; (S;) He (a traveller, A) went forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. خَرَجَ فِى البُكْرَةِ: (T, A:) or ↓ ابكر, inf. n. إِبْكَارٌ, signifies he entered upon that time: (T:) one should not say بَكُرَ nor بَكِرَ in the sense of بكّر [&c.]. (S.) b2: Yousay also, بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ, and عَلَيْهِ, and فِيهِ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ بكّر, and ↓ ابكر, and ↓ ابتكر; and ↓ باكرهُ; meaning أَتَاهُ بُكْرَةٌ [i. e. He came to him, or it, early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: and he did it at that time: or بَكَرَ &c. with فِيهِ following may be rendered he occupied himself at that time in doing it]. (K.) b3: And [hence,] بَكَرَ إِلَيْهِ, [and عَلَيْهِ,] aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and بَكِرَ اليه, aor. ـَ (ISd, K; * [but see a remark respecting this verb above;]) and اليه ↓ بكر, (S, Msb, TA,) and عليه; (TA;) and اليه ↓ ابكر, (S, K,) and عليه; [and ↓ ابكرهُ;] and ↓ باكرهُ; (TA;) signify also (assumed tropical:) He hastened [or betook himself early] to it, or to do it, at any time, (S, Msb, K, TA,) morning or evening. (TA.) You say, بَكَرْتُ عَلَى الحَاجَةِ (assumed tropical:) [I hastened to do, or accomplish, or attain, the thing needed], inf. n. as above: and in like manner, عَلَى الوِرْدِ ↓ أَبْكَرْتُ (assumed tropical:) [I hastened to come to water]: (Az, S:) and الوِرْدَ ↓ ابكر, (TA,) and الغَدَآءَ, (Az, S, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He hastened to come to water, and to take the morning-meal. (TA.) Lebeed says, بَاكَرْتُ جَاجَتَهَا الدَّجَاجَ بِسُحْرَةٍ

meaning (assumed tropical:) I hastened to be before the crowing of the cock, at the close of night, in obtaining what was wanted [of it, namely, of wine,] by me: (TA:) حاجتها being for حَاجَتِى إِلَيْهَا, i. e., إِلَى

الخَمْرِ. (EM p. 170: but the first word is there written بَادَرْتُ.) [See also 2, below.] b4: [It is also said that] بكر [app. بَكِرَ,] inf. n. بكر, [app. بَكَرٌ,] signifies (assumed tropical:) He possessed the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening; expl. by كَانَ صَاحِبَ بُكُورٍ. (Msb.) [But see بَكُرٌ.]2 بكّر, inf. n. تَبْكِيرٌ: see 1, in three places: and see 8. You say also, بكّر إِلَى الجُمْعَةِ (tropical:) He went forth to the [prayers of] Friday at the commencement of the time thereof. (A.) And بكّر [alone], inf. n. as above, (tropical:) He came to prayer at the commencement of its time. (K, TA.) and بكّر بِالصَّلَاةِ (tropical:) He performed the prayer at the commencement of its time: (A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) he was regardful of it, and performed it early. (TA.) And بَكِّرُوا بِصَلَاةِ المَغْرِبِ (tropical:) Perform ye the prayer of sunset at the setting of the [sun's] disc. (S.) And بَكَّرَتِ النَّخْلَةُ بِحَمْلِهَا (tropical:) [The palmtree was early with its fruit]. (A.) b2: Also (tropical:) He was, or became, or went, before; preceded; had, or took, precedence; syn. تَقَدَّمَ; and so ↓ ابكر and ↓ تبكّر. (K, TA.) You say, بَكَّرْتُ فِى

كَذَا (tropical:) I was, or became, or went, before, &c., in such a thing; syn. تَقَدَّمْتُ. (IJ, IB, TA.) and بكّر عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He was, or became, or went, before his companions; preceded them; or had, or took, precedence of them]. (M, K.) A2: بكّرهُ عَلَى

أَصْحَابِهِ signifies جَعَلَهُ يُبَكِّرُ عَلَيْهِمْ (assumed tropical:) [He made him to be, or become, or go, before his companions; to precede them; or to have, or take, precedence of them]; and so عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ابكرهُ. (M, K.) b2: See also 4. b3: بكّر الفَاكِهَةَ: see 8.3 بَاْكَرَ see 1, in four places.4 أَبْكَرَ see 1, in seven places: and see 2 as meaning تَقَدَّمَ. b2: ابكر also signifies He had camels coming to water early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise. (S, K.) A2: It is also trans. of بَكَرَ: (S, Sgh, Msb:) you say, أَبْكَرْتُ غَيْرِى [I made another to go forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise: and I made another to go to a person &c. at that time; and to betake himself to an action at that time: and (assumed tropical:) to hasten, or betake himself early, to a thing at any time, morning or evening: and غَيْرِى ↓ بَكَّرْتُ app. signifies the same]. (S.) b2: You say also, ابكرهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ: see 2.5 تَبَكَّرَ see 2.8 ابتكر: see 1, in two places. b2: Also (tropical:) He arrived [at the mosque on the occasion of the Friday-prayers] in time to hear the first portion of the خُطْبَة: (S, K:) or he heard the first portion of the خُطْبَة; (A, Msb;) [and] ابتكر الخُطْبَةَ has this meaning. (Mgh.) وَابْتَكَرَ ↓ مَنْ بَكَّرَ, occurring in a trad., (S, Msb,) respecting [the prayers of] Friday, (S,) means (tropical:) Whoso hasteneth, (S, Msb,) and arriveth in time to hear the first portion of the خُطْبَة, (S,) or heareth the first portion thereof: (Msb:) or whoso hasteneth, going forth to the mosque early, and performeth the prayer at the first of its time: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, whoso hasteneth to the Fridayprayers, before the call to prayer, and arriveth at the commencement of their time: or both the verbs signify the same, and the [virtual] repetition is to give intensiveness and strength to the meaning. (TA. [See 2.]) b3: You say also, ابتكرهُ, meaning (tropical:) He took, (A, Msb,) or obtained possession of, (S, TA,) its بَاكُورَة, (S, TA,) i. e., (TA,) the first of it: (A, Msb, TA:) which is the primary signification [of the trans. verb]. (TA.) b4: And ابتكر, K,) or ابتكر الفَاكِهَةَ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and ↓ بَكَّرَهَا, (TA,) (tropical:) He ate the first that had come to maturity of fruit, or of the fruit. (A, Mgh, Msb, K.) b5: And hence, (Mgh,) ابتكر الجَارِيَةَ (tropical:) He took the girl's virginity: (A, Mgh:) or he did so before she had attained to puberty. (Msb in art. قض, and TA in art. خضر.) b6: And ابتكر عَجِينًا (assumed tropical:) [He took, or made use of, fresh dough for preparing bread]. (K in art. غرض.) A2: And اِبْتَكَرَتْ, (Abu-l-Beydà,) or ابتكرت بِوَلَدِهَا, (AHeyth,) She brought forth her first offspring: (AHeyth, Abu-l-Beydà:) or the former signifies she (a woman) brought forth a male at her first birth. (K.) بَكْرٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ بُكْرٌ, (K,) but this latter is hardly to be found in any of the lexicons, (MF,) and ↓ بِكْرٌ, (ISd, TA,) A youthful he-camel; one in a state of youthful vigour: fem. with ة; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and also بَكْرٌ, without ة: (TA:) the term بَكْرٌ, applied to a camel, corresponds to فَتًى, applied to a human being; and بَكْرَةٌ, to فَتَاةٌ; and قَلُوصٌ, to جَارِيَةٌ; and بَعِيرٌ, to إِنْسَانٌ; and جَمَلٌ, to رَجُلٌ; and نَاقَةٌ, to مَرْأَةٌ: (AO, S:) or the offspring, or young one, of a she-camel; (K;) thus indefinitely explained: (TA:) or a camel in his sixth year (ثَنِىٌّ) [and] until he becomes a جَذَع: [but it seems that the reverse must be meant; for a جذع, of camels, is one in his fifth year:] or a camel in his second year [and] until he enters his sixth year: or a camel in his second year, or that has entered his third year, or that has completed his second year and entered his third year; syn. اِبْنُ لَبُونٍ: (K:) and a camel that has just entered upon his fourth year: and a camel in his fifth year: (IAar, Az:) or a camel that has not entered his ninth year: (K:) and sometimes it is metaphorically applied to a human being; [meaning (tropical:) a young man;] and بَكْرَةٌ to (tropical:) a young woman: (TA:) the pl. (of pauc., S) is أَبْكُرٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ أُبَيْكِرُونَ occurs as pl. of the dim. of أَبْكُرٌ; (S, TA;) and (pl. of mult., S, TA) بِكَارٌ, (S, Msb,) like as فِرَاخٌ is pl. of فَرْخٌ; (S;) or this is pl. of بَكْرَةٌ; (Msb, K;) and there are other pls. of بَكْرٌ, namely, بُكْرَانٌ (K) and بِكَارَةٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and [quasi-pl. n.]

↓ بَكَارَةٌ. (K.) Hence the well-known prov., (TA,) صَدَقَنِى سِنَّ بَكْرِهِ, and سِنُّ بَكْرِهِ, meaning He hath told me what is in his mind, and what his ribs infold: a saying originating from the following fact: a man bargained with another for a youthful camel (بَكْر), and said, “What is his age (سِنُّهُ)? ” the other answered, “He is in his ninth year: ”

then the young camel took fright and ran away: whereupon his owner said to him, هِدَعْ هِدَعْ; and this is an expression by which are quieted young ones, (K,) of the camel; (TA;) so when the purchaser heard it, he said, صدقنى سنّ بكره [He hath told me truly the age, or as to the age, of his youthful camel: or the age of his youthful camel has spoken truly to me]: if سنّ is in the accus. case, the meaning [of the verb] is عَرَّفَنِى, (K,) and سنّ is in the accus. case as a second objective complement; (TA;) or خَبَرَ سِنِّ is meant; [in the CK, erroneously, خَبَرَ;] or فِى سِنِّ; the prefixed noun [خَبَرَ] or the proposition [فِى] being suppressed [and سنّ being therefore in the accus. case]: but if سنّ is in the nom. case, veracity is attributed to the [animal's] age, by an amplification: (K:) or, as some say, the buyer said to the owner of the camel, “How many years has he? ” and he told him; and he looked at the teeth of the camel, and found him to be as he had said; whereupon he said, صدقنى سِنُّ بكره. (Har p. 95.) بُكْرٌ: see بَكْرٌ.

بِكْرٌ A virgin; (S, K;) and a man who has not yet drawn near to a woman; (TA;) contr. of ثَيِّبٌ, applied to a man as well as to a female: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: and [hence,] (assumed tropical:) A pearl unpierced. (MF.) And (assumed tropical:) A bow when one first shoots with it. (TA.) and (tropical:) A cloud abounding with water: (K, TA:) likened to a virgin, because her blood is more than that of her who is not a virgin: and the phrase سَحَابٌ بِكْرٌ is sometimes used. (TA.) and نَارٌ بِكْرٌ (tropical:) Fire not lighted from another fire. (As, A.) b3: Also She that has not yet brought forth offspring: (AHeyth:) and a cow that has not yet conceived: (K:) or a heifer (K, TA) that has not yet conceived: (TA:) and a woman, (S, K,) and a she-camel, (As, K,) that has brought forth but once: pl. أَبْكَارٌ and بِكَارٌ: (TA:) or a she-camel in her first state or condition. (Ham p. 340.) b4: And [hence,] (tropical:) A grape-vine that has produced fruit but once: (A, K:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (A.) b5: Also i. q. بَكْرٌ, q. v. (ISd, TA.) And [hence,] أَبْكَارُ الأَوْلَادِ (assumed tropical:) Young children. (TA, from a trad.) And أَبْكَارُ النَّحْلِ (assumed tropical:) Young bees. (TA.) Whence, عَسَلُ أَبْكَارٍ (tropical:) Honey produced by young bees: or this means honey of which the preparation has been superintended by virgin-girls. (A, * TA.) b6: Also (tropical:) The first-born of his, or her, mother (S, Msb, K) and father; (Msb, K;) applied alike to the male and the female: (S:) and sometimes to that which is not the offspring of human beings; (TA;) the first-born of camels; (S;) and of a serpent: (TA:) pl. أَبْكَارٌ. (TA.) You say, هٰذَا بِكْرُ أَبَوَيْهِ (tropical:) This is the first-born of his parents. (TA.) And أَشَدُّ النَّاسِ بِكْرٌ ابْنُ بِكْرَيْنِ (A) or بِكْرُ بِكْرَيْنِ (M, TA) (tropical:) [The strongest of men is the first-born of a man and woman each a first-born]. b7: (assumed tropical:) The first of anything; (K;) as also ↓ بَاكُورَةٌ: (TA:) and (assumed tropical:) an action that has not been preceded by its like. (K.) You say, مَا هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مِنْكَ بِكْرًا وَ لَا ثَنِيًا (tropical:) This thing, or affair, is not thy first nor thy second. (A, TA.) b8: حَاجَةٌ بِكْرٌ (tropical:) A want, or needful thing, recently sought to be accomplished or attained: (TA:) or that is the first in being referred to him of whom its accomplishment is sought. (A, TA.) b9: ضَرْبَةٌ بِكْرٌ (tropical:) A cutting blow or stroke, (S, K,) that kills (K) at once, (TA,) not requiring to be struck a second time: (S, A:) pl. ضَرَبَاتٌ أَبْكَارٌ; occurring in a trad., in which it is said that such were the blows of 'Alee; (S, TA;) but in that trad., as some recite it, the latter word is ↓ مُبْتَكِرَاتٌ. (TA.) بَكَرٌ: see بُكْرَةٌ, in three places: A2: and see also بَكْرَةٌ.

رَجُلٌ بَكُرٌ فِى حَاجَتِهِ, [in the CK, erroneously, بَكْرٌ,] and ↓بَكِرٌ, (S, K, * TA,) like حَذُرٌ and حَذِرٌ, (S,) and ↓بَكِيرٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A man possessing the quality of applying himself early, or of hastening, or having strength to apply himself early, or to hasten, (صَاحِبُ بُكُورٌ, S, or قَوِىٌّ عَلَى البُكُورِ, K,) to do, or accomplish, the thing that he needs, or wants: (S:) بَكُرٌ and بَكِرٌ [and بَكِيرٌ] are [said to be] possessive epithets; for they have no simple triliteral verb. (TA.) [But see 1, last sentence.]

بَكِرٌ: see what next precedes.

بَكْرَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓بَكَرَةٌ (Msb, K) The thing upon which [passes the rope wherewith] one draws water (S, Msb, K) from a well [or the like]; (S;) [ i. e. the sheave of a pulley;] a round piece of wood, in the middle [of the circumference] whereof is a groove (K, TA) for the rope, and in the interior [or centre] whereof is an axis upon which it turns: (TA:) or a quick مَحَالَة [or large sheave of a pulley]: (M, K:) [but MF disapproves of this last explanation: sometimes, by a synecdoche, it is used to signify a pulley complete:] the pl. is ↓ بَكَرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the former, anomalous, like حَلَقٌ pl. of حَلْقَةٌ, and حَمَأٌ pl. of حَمْأَةٌ, (S,) or of the latter; (Msb;) or a coll. gen. n., of which بَكَرَةٌ is the n. un.; (MF;) and بَكَرَات, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the former [as well as of the latter]. (S, Msb.) b2: Hence, app., the former signifies also (assumed tropical:) A small ring, like a bead, in the ornamental part of a sword: (Mgh:) [and the pl.] بَكَرَاتٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) the rings that are attached to the ornamental part [of the scabbard] of a sword, (K,) resembling the [rings called] قَتَخ [which are worn upon the fingers or toes] of women. (TA.) b3: [And hence, perhaps,] (assumed tropical:) An assembly, a company, or a congregated body. (IAar, K.) b4: جَاؤُوا عَلَى بَكْرَةِ أَبِيهِمْ is a prov., (TA,) meaning (tropical:) They came together, not one remaining behind, (S, TA;) they came all of them, (AA, IJ, A, TA,) without exception: (TA:) or they came in a multitude, and all together, none remaining behind: (TA:) or they came in succession, one after, or at the heels of, another: (AO:) or they came in one way, or manner: (As:) [accord. to some, from بكرة as explained in the next preceding sentence; and, if so, على is used in the sense of مَعَ, or مُشْتَمِلِينَ is understood before it: or it is from بكرة signifying “ a youthful she-camel; ” and thus implies that they were few: (see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 312:) or] from بَكَّرْتُ فِى كَذَا meaning “ I was,” or “ became,” or “ went,” “ before in such a thing; ”

so that it signifies that they came from first to last: (IJ:) or from بكرة in the first of the senses explained in this paragraph; though in this case there is no بكرة in reality. (AO, S. *) بُكْرَةٌ and ↓ بَكَرٌ The early morning, or first part of the day; (Bd and Jel in xix. 12 and xxxiii. 41 and xlviii. 9, as relating to the former word; and K; *) between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. غُدْوَةٌ; and ↓ إِبْكَارٌ is a subst. in the same sense, (K,) accord. to the lexicologists, as Sb says; but he adds that he holds it to be [only] the inf. n. of أَبْكَرَ: (TA: [and the like is said in the S with reference to its occurrence in the Kur iii. 36 and xl. 57:]) pl. [of pauc.] of the first, أَبْكَارٌ, and [of mult.] بُكَرٌ. (T, Msb.) You say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةٌ (S, A, Msb) and ↓ بَكَرًا, (A,) meaning ↓ بَاكِرٍا [I came to him early in the morning, &c.]. (S, A, Msb.) But if you mean the بُكْرَةٌ of a particular day, you say, أَتَيْتُهُ بُكْرَةَ, making the noun imperfectly decl.; [meaning I came to him early in the morning, &c., of this day;] and in this case it is not to be used otherwise than as an adv. n. of time. (S.) If you say ↓ بَاكِرًا, using this word as an epithet, you use بَاكِرَة for the fem. (TA.) You say also, سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ بُكْرَةً and ↓ بَكَرًا [Go thou on thy horse early in the morning, &c.]; like as you say, سَحَرًا. (S, TA. [But in two copies of the S, for سرْ, I find سِيرَ.]) بَكَرَةٌ: see بَكْرَةٌ.

بَكُورٌ (A, K) and ↓ بَاكُورٌ (K) and ↓ بَاكِرٌ (A) and ↓ مُبْكِرٌ (K) (tropical:) Rain that falls in the first of its season: (A:) or that comes (TA) in the commencement of [the season of] the وَسْمِىّ [q. v.]: (K, TA:) and that comes in the end of the night, or the beginning of the day. (TA.) You say also سَحَابَةٌ مِدْلَاجٌ بَكُورٌ (tropical:) [A cloud that comes in the latter part of the night, in the first of its season, bringing rain]: (A:) and ↓ سَحَابَةٌ مِبْكَارٌ a cloud that comes in the end of the night. (TA.) b2: Also بَكُورٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ بَكِيرَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ بَاكُورَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ بَاكِرٌ (A) and ↓ مِبْكَارٌ (A in art. اخر and K) (tropical:) A palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ, A) that comes to maturity first, (S, Msb, K,) before the other palm-trees: (S:) or that produces its fruit early; (A;) contr. of مِئْخَارٌ (A in art. اخر:) pl. (of the first, Msb, K) بُكُرٌ; (S, Msb, K; [in the CK بُكْرٌ;]) and [pl. of ↓ بَاكِرٌ or بَاكِرَةٌ] بَوَاكِرُ (K voce تَبَاشِيرُ) ↓ بَاكُورَةٌ is fem. of بَاكُورٌ, (K, TA,) which signifies (assumed tropical:) Anything that hastens its coming (TA) and its attaining to maturity. (K, TA.) You say also أَرْضٌ

↓ مِبْكَارٌ (assumed tropical:) Land that produces plants, or herbage, quickly. (K.) بَكِيرٌ, and its fem., with ة: see بَكُرٌ and بَكٌورٌ بَكَارَةٌ Virginity: (S, K:) the virginity, or maidenhead, of a woman. (Mgh, Msb.) A2: See also بَكْرٌ بَاكِرٌ [part. n. of بَكَرَ]: see بُكْرَةٌ, in two places: A2: and see بَكُورٌ, in three places: b2: and see an ex. of the pl. of its fem. بَاكِرَةٌ, i. e. بَوَاكِرُ, voce بَاصِرٌ b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Fruit when first ripe: pl. بِكَارٌ, like as صِحَابٌ is pl. of صَاحِبٌ. (TA.) بَاكُورٌ, and its fem. بَاكُورَةٌ: see بَكُورٌ, in three places.

بَاكُورَةٌ [as a subst.]: see بِكْرٌ. b2: Also, (S, K,) or بَاكُورَةٌ الفَا كِهَةِ, (A, Msb,) (tropical:) The first of fruit: (S:) or the first that comes to maturity, of fruit: (A, Msb, K:) or fruit that hastens to come forth: (AHát, Msb:) pl. بَوَاكِيرُ and بَاكُورَاتٌ. (Msb.) b3: The pl. بَوَاكِيرُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Winds that announce [coming] rain. (A in art. بشر) إِبْكَارٌ: see بُكْرَةٌ.

أُبَيْكِرٌ dim. of أَبْكِرٌ, pl. of pauc. of بَكْرٌ: see its pl. أُبَيْكِرُونَ voce بَكْرٌ.

تَبَاكِيرُ (assumed tropical:) The colours of palm-trees when the fruit begins to ripen. (TA voce تَبَاشِيرُ.) مُبْكِرٌ: see بَكُورٌ.

مِبْكَارٌ: see بَكُورٌ, in three places.

ضرَبَاتٌ مُبْتَكِرَاتٌ: see بِكْرٌ. last sentence.

شعب

1 شَعَبَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَعْبٌ, (A, Msb, K,) He collected; brought, gathered, or drew, together; or united; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) and he separated; put apart, or asunder; divided; disunited; or dispersed or scattered; (S, A, Msb, K;) a thing, (S,) any thing or things, and a people or party: (Msb:) thus having two contr. significations: (S:) so expressly state A'Obeyd and Aboo-Ziyád: (TA:) but accord. to IDrd, it has not two contr. significations [in one and the same dial.]: he says that the two meanings are peculiar to the dials. of two peoples, (Msb, TA, *) each meaning belonging to the dial. of one people exclusively. (TA.) [Hence, as it seems to be indicated in the S and A, or from شَعْبٌ meaning “ a tribe,” as it seems to be indicated in the Ham p. 538,] one says, تَفَرَّقَ شَعْبُهُمْ, (S,) or شَتَّ شَعْبُهُمْ, (A, Ham,) (tropical:) [Their union became dissolved, or broken up; or their tribe became separated;] meaning they became separated after being congregated: (S, Ham:) and اِلْتَأَمَ شَعْبُهُمْ (S, A, Ham) (tropical:) [Their separation became closed up, or their tribe drew together;] meaning they drew together after being separated. (S, Ham.) And شَعَبَتْهُمُ المَنِيَّةُ Death separated them: (S:) and شَعَبَتْهُ شَعُوبُ [Death separated him from his companions]; (TA;) said of a man when he has died. (O in art. عبل: in the K, in that art., ↓ اِشْتَعَبَتْهُ [perhaps a mistranscription].) And it is said in a trad., مَا هٰذِهِ الفُتْيَا الَّتِى شَعَبْتَ بِهَا النَّاسَ i. e, [What is this judicial decision] with which thou hast divided the people? (S. [In the TA, on the authority of IAth, التى شَغَبَتْ فِى النَّاسِ, which means, “ which has excited evil among the people. ”]) One says also, شَعَبَ الرَّجُلُ أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) The man broke up, discomposed, deranged, or disorganized, [or rendered unsound, impaired, or marred, (agreeably with another explanation of the verb in what follows,)] his state of affairs: (As, A'Obeyd, TA:) whence the saying of 'Alee Ibn-El-'Adheer El-Ghanawee, وَإِذَا رَأَيْتَ المَرْءَ يَشْعَبُ أَمْرَهُ شَعْبَ العَصَا وَيَلَجُّ فِى العِصْيَانِ (assumed tropical:) [And when thou seest the man break up his state of affairs as with the breaking up of the staff, and persevere in disobedience, or rebellion]. (A'Obeyd, TA.) b2: Also, aor. as above, (Msb,) and so the inf. n., (S, A, Msb, K,) He repaired a cracked thing [such as a wooden bowl or some other vessel, by closing up its crack or cracks, or by piecing it: see 2, which has a similar signification, but implying muchness]: (S, Msb:) and [in a general sense,] he repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state: (A, K, TA:) and it signifies the contr. also [of the former meaning and] of this, in the same, or in another, dial.: (TA:) [i. e.] he cracked a thing [such as a wooden bowl &c.]: (A, Msb:) and he corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred. (A, K, TA.) شَعْبٌ صَغِيرٌ مِنْ شَعْبٍ كَبِيرٍ, occurring in a trad. of 'Omar, means A little repairing, of, or amid, much impairing. (TA.) b3: [He gave a portion of property; as though he broke it off.] One says, اِشْعَبْ لِى شُعْبَةً مِنَ المَالِ Give thou to me a portion of the property. (TA.) b4: He (the commander, or prince, S) sent a messenger (S, K) إِلَيْهِ [to him], (K,) or إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا [to such a place]. (S.) b5: He turned, or sent, him, or it, away, or back: (K, TA:) aor. and inf.n. as above. (TA.) And شَعَبَ اللِّجَامُ الفَرَسَ The bridle turned away or back, or withheld, or restrained, the horse from the direction towards which he was going. (K.) b6: He, or it, diverted a man by occupying him, busying him, or engaging his attention. (K, TA.) One says, مَا شَعَبَكَ عَنِّى [What diverted thee, or what has diverted thee, &c., from me?]. (TA.) A2: It is also intrans.: see 4. b2: [Thus it signifies He quitted his companions, desiring others.] One says, شَعَبَ إِلَيْهِمْ (K, TA) فِى عَدَدِ كَذَا (TA) He yearned towards them [with such a number of men], and quitted his companions. (K, TA.) b3: And He, or it, appeared [distinct from others]: (K, TA:) whence the month [شَعْبَان, q. v.,] is [said to be] named. (TA.) A3: Also, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel, He cropped (اِهْتَضَمَ) the upper, or uppermost, parts of trees [or shrubs]. (K, TA.) A4: شَعِبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَعَبٌ, (S, * K, * TA,) He (a goat, S, TA, and a gazelle, TA) was wide, (K,) or very wide, (S,) between the horns, (S, K,) and between the shoulders. (K, * TA.) [See also شَعَبٌ, below.]2 شعّب [app. signifies He collected several things; or he collected much: and] he separated several things; or he separated much. (O.) b2: Also He repaired a cracked wooden bowl [or some other vessel] in several places [by closing up its cracks, or by piecing it]: (S, O:) [and app., in a general sense, he repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state, several things; or he repaired, &c., much: and it seems to signify also the contr. of these two meanings: i. e. he cracked several things; or he cracked in several places: and he corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred, several things; or he corrupted, &c., much.]

A2: It is also intrans.: see 4. b2: Thus, said of seed-produce, It branched forth, or forked, after being in leaf, or blade; (TA;) like ↓ تشعّب. (K, * TA.) [Hence,] one says, إِنِّى أَرَى الشَّرَّ شَعَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I see the evil to have grown like seed-produce when it branches forth]; like as one says, قَصَّبَ, and نَبَّبَ. (TA in art. نب.) 3 شاعبهُ He became distant, or remote, from him; (K, TA;) namely, his companion. (TA.) [Hence,] شاعب الحَيَاةَ (assumed tropical:) [He quitted life]. (TA.) And شَاعَبَتْ نَفْسُهُ (K, TA) His soul [departed, or] quitted life; (TA;) meaning he died; (K, TA;) as also ↓ انشعب [i. e. انشعب هُوَ]. (K.) [See also what next follows.]4 اشعب He died: (S, K: [see also 3:]) or (so in the S and TA, but in the K “ and ”) he separated himself from another or others, never to return; (S, K;) as also ↓ شعّب or ↓ شَعَبَ, accord. to different copies of the K, the latter as in the L. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, En-Nábighah El-Jaadee, (IB, TA.) وَكَانُوا أُنَاسًا مِنْ شُعُوبٍ فَأَشْعَبُوا (S, IB, TA,) or وَكَانُوا شُعُوبًا مِنْ أُنَاسٍ, accord. to different readings: [app. meaning, And they were men of divided races or tribes, or were divided races or tribes of men; so they perished; or separated, never to return:] IB says, after mentioning the former reading, i. e. they were of men who should perish; so they perished: having previously mentioned the latter reading, and added, i. e. they were of those whom شعوب should overtake. (TA. [IB's explanations seem at first sight to indicate that he read شَعُوبَ and شَعُوبًا; neither of which is admissible: each of his explanations app. relates to both readings; as though he understood the poet to mean, they were men separated from different tribes, to be overtaken by others; so they perished.]) 5 تشعّب and ↓ انشعب are quasi-pass. verbs, the former of شَعَّبَ and the latter of شَعَبَ: (TA:) [the former, therefore, is most correctly to be regarded and used as intensive in its significations, or as relating to several things or persons: but it is said that] both signify alike: [app. It became collected; it became brought, gathered, or drawn, together; or it became united: and also] it became separated, put apart or asunder, divided, disunited, or dispersed or scattered: (S, K:) and it, or he, became distant, or remote. (K.) One says, تَشَعَّبُوا فِى طَلَبِ المِيَاهِ [They became separated, &c., or they separated themselves, &c., in search of the waters], and فِى الغَارَاتِ [in predatory excursions]. (TA.) And عَنِّى ↓ انشعب فُلَانٌ Such a one became distant, or remote, from me; or withdrew to a distance, or for away, from me. (TA.) And الطَّرِيقُ ↓ انشعب [and تشعّب] The road separated. (S, A, Msb.) And ↓ انشعب النَّهْرُ and تشعّب The river separated [or branched forth] into other rivers. (TA.) And ↓ انشعبت

أَغْصَانُ الشَّجَرَةِ (S, Msb, TA) and تشعّبت (TA) The branches of the tree separated, divided, straggled, or spread out dispersedly; (S, TA;) or branched forth from the stem, and separated, divided, &c. (Msb.) See also 2. One says also, تشعّب أَمْرُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) [The state of affairs of the man became broken up, discomposed, deranged, disorganized, or (agreeably with another explanation of the verb in what follows) rendered unsound, impaired, or marred]. (A.) b2: Also ↓ the latter verb, [or each,] It became closed up; [or repaired by having a crack or cracks closed up, or by being pieced;] said of a cracked thing: (TA:) and ↓ both verbs, i. q. اِنْصَلَحَ [which means, in a general sense, it became rectified, repaired, mended, amended, adjusted, or put into a right, or proper, state; &c.; but I have not found this verb (انصلح) in its proper art. in any of the Lexicons]: (K, TA:) and ↓ the latter signifies also it became cracked; (A;) [and in like manner the former, said of a number of things; or it became cracked in several places when said of a single thing: and hence ↓ both signify, in a general sense, it became corrupted, rendered unsound, impaired, or marred; a meaning which may justly be assigned to the former verb in the phrase mentioned in the next preceding sentence.]7 إِنْشَعَبَ see 5, in nine places: and see also 3.8 إِشْتَعَبَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph.

شَعْبٌ inf. n. of شَعَبَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: [Used as a simple subst., it signifies Collection, or union: and also separation, division, or disunion; and] a state of separation or division or disunion; (K, TA;) as also ↓ شُعْبَةٌ: (S, TA:) pl. of the former شُعُوبٌ. (TA.) b3: And [hence, perhaps, as implying both union and division,] Such as is divided [into sub-tribes], of the tribes of the Arabs and foreigners: (S: [in my copy of the Msb, ما انقسمت فيه قبائل العرب, as though it meant the tribes of the Arabs collectively, agreeably with another explanation to be mentioned below; but I think that there may be a mistranscription in this case:]) pl. شُعُوبٌ: (S, Msb:) or it signifies, as some say, (Msb,) or signifies also, (S,) a great tribe; syn. قَبِيلَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ, (S, A, K,) or حَىٌّ عَظِيمٌ; (Msb;) the parent of the [tribes called] قَبَائِل, to which they refer their origin, and which comprises them: (S:) or, as some say, a great tribe (حَىٌّ عَظِيمٌ) forming a branch of a قَبِيلَة: or a قَبِيلَة itself: (TA:) A' Obeyd says, on the authority of Ibn-El-Kelbee, on the authority of his father, that the شَعْب is greater than the قَبِيلَة; next to which is the فَصِيلَة; then, the عَمَارَة; then, the بَطْن; then, the فَخِذ: (S, TA:) but IB says that the true order is that which Ez-Zubeyr Ibn-Bekkár has stated, and is as follows: (TA:) [i. e.] the genealogies of the Arabs consist of six degrees; (Msb;) first, the شَعْب; then, the قَبِيلَة; then, the عَمَارَة, (Msb, TA,) with fet-h and with kesr, to the ع; (Msb;) then, the بَطْن; then, the فَخِذ; and then, the فَصيلَة: thus, Khuzeymeh is a شعب; and Kináneh, a قبيلَة; and Kureysh, an عمارة; and Kuseí, a بطن; and Háshim, a فخذ; and El-'Abbás, a فصيلة: (Msb, TA:) and Aboo-Usámeh says that these classes are agreeable with the order obtaining in the structure of man; the شعب is the greatest of them, derived from the شَعْب [or suture] of the head; next is the قبيلة, from the قبيلة [which is a term applied to any one of the four principal bones] of the head; then, the عمارة, which is the breast; then, the بطن [or belly]; then, the فخذ [or thigh]; and then, the فصيلة, which is the shank: to these some add the عَشِتيرَة, which consists of few in comparison with what are before mentioned: (TA:) and some add after this the رَهْط: some also add the جِذْم before the شعب: (TA in art. بطن:) the pl. is as above. (TA.) It signifies also A nation, people, race, or family of mankind; syn. جِيلٌ; as expl. by IM and others: in the K, [and in a copy of the A,] erroneously, جَبَل [a mountain]: (TA:) but it is [strangely] said by Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree that accord. to all except Bundár, the word in this sense is ↓ شِعْبٌ, with kesr. (MF.) And the pl., شُعُوبٌ, is [said to be] especially applied to denote the foreigners (العَجَم): (TA:) [thus it is said that] the phrase, in a trad., إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعُوبِ

أَسْلَمَ means [Verily a man] of the foreigners (العَجَم) [became a Muslim: but see الشُّعُوبِيَّةُ]. (S.) b4: Also, [as implying separation,] Distance, or remoteness. (A, K.) So in the phrase شَعْبُ الدَّارِ [The distance, or remoteness, of the abode, or dwelling]. (TA.) b5: And A crack (S, A, K, TA) in a thing, (S,) which the شَعَّاب repairs. (S, * TA.) b6: And The place of junction [i. e. the suture] of the قَبَائِل [or principal bones] of the head; (K;) the شَأْن which conjoins the قبائل of the head: the قبائل in the head being [the frontal bone, the occipital bone, and the two parietal bones; in all,] four in number. (S.) b7: [Hence, perhaps,] هُمَا شَعْبَانِ (assumed tropical:) They two are likes [or like each other]. (S.) b8: See also شِعْبٌ.

A2: Also Distant, or remote; (K;) as in the phrase مَآءٌ شَعْبٌ [Distant, or remote, water]: pl. شُعُوبٌ. (TA.) شُعْبٌ: see the dual شُعْبَانِ voce شُعْبَةٌ.

شِعْبٌ A road: (Msb:) or a road in a mountain: (S, A, O, L, Msb, K:) primarily a road in a mountain (Har p. 29) and in valleys: (Id. p. 72:) afterwards applied to any road: (Id. p. 29:) [see also مَشْعَبٌ:] pl. شِعَابٌ. (S, O, Msb.) And A water-course, or place in which water flows, in [a low, or depressed, tract, such as is called] a بَطْن of land, (ISh, A, O, K,) having two elevated borders, and in width equal to the stature of a man lying down, and sometimes between the two faces, or acclivities, of two mountains. (ISh, O.) Or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (A,) A ravine, or gap, [or pass,] between two mountains. (A, K.) b2: Also [A reef of rocks in the sea: so in the present day: or] a زِرْبَة or زَرَبَة (accord. to different copies of the K in art. جهن [but neither of these two words do I find in their proper art. in any Lex.]) in the sea, such as is connected with the shore: if not connected with the shore, a bowshot distant, it is called جُهْنٌ. (K and TA in art. جهن.) b3: And A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, (S, K,) upon camels, (K,) peculiar to the Benoo-Minkar, in form resembling the [hooked stick called] مِحْجَن: (S:) or a brand upon the thigh, lengthwise, [consisting of] two lines meeting at the top and separated at the bottom: (ISh, TA:) or a brand united [at the upper part and] at the lower part separated: (Aboo-' Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” TA: [but there is an omission here, so that the reverse may perhaps be meant:]) or a brand upon the neck, like the مِحْجَن: (Suh in the R, TA:) in a marginal note in the copy of the L, it is said that شعب signifying a brand is with kesr to the ش and with fet-h [i. e. شِعْبٌ and ↓ شَعْبٌ]. (TA.) b4: See also شَعْبٌ. b5: [And see the pl. شِعَابٌ below.]

شَعَبٌ Width, or distance, (A, K,) or great width or distance, (S,) between the horns (S, A, K) of a goat (S, TA) and of a gazelle, (TA,) and between the shoulders, (A, K,) and between two branches. (A.) [See also 1, last signification.]

شُعْبَةٌ: see شَعْبٌ, second sentence. b2: Also The space, or interstice, between two horns: and between two branches: (K:) pl. شُعَبٌ and شِعَابٌ, (K, * TA,) in this and all the following senses. (TA.) b3: And A cleft in a mountain, to which birds (الطَّيْرُ, for which المَطَرُ is erroneously substituted in [several of] the copies of the K, TA) resort: pl. as above. (K, TA.) b4: Also A branch of a tree, (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, TA,) growing out a part, or divaricating, therefrom: (Msb, * TA:) or the extremity of a branch: (K, TA: [said in the latter to be tropical in this latter sense; but why, I see not:]) pl. شُعَبٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) and شِعَابٌ, as above. (TA.) And شُعَبُ الغُصْنِ The divaricating, or straggling, [branchlets, or] extremities [or shoots or stalks] of the branch. (TA.) And [hence] عَصًا فِى رَأْسِهَا شُعْبَتَانِ [A staff having at his head two forking portions or projections]; (A, TA;) and Az mentions, as heard by him from the Arabs, ↓ شُعْبَانِ, without ت, instead of شُعْبَتَانِ in this phrase. (L, TA.) And شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ رَيْحَانٍ [A sprig, spray, bunch, or branchlet, of sweet basil, or of sweet-smelling plants]: and شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ شَعَرٍ [and مِنْ صُوفٍ A lock, or flock, of hair and of wool]. (JK in art. طوق.) And أَنَا شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ دَوْحَتِكَ (tropical:) [I am a branch, or branchlet, of thy great tree]. (A, TA.) And مَسْأَلَةٌ كَثِيرَةُ الشُّعَبِ (assumed tropical:) [A question having many branches, or ramifications]. (Msb.) and [the pl.] شُعَبٌ [as meaning] (tropical:) The fingers: (K, TA:) one says, قَبَضَ عَلَيْهِ بِشُعَبِ يَدِهِ (tropical:) He laid hold upon it with his fingers. (A, TA.) and قَعَدَ بَيْنَ شُعْبَتَيْهَا (tropical:) He sat between her two legs: (A:) and بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الأَرْبَعِ (tropical:) [He sat (in the Mgh قَعَدَ, as implied in the A, and in the Msb جَلَسَ,)] between her arms and her legs; (A, Mgh, Msb, K;) or between her legs and the شُفْرَانِ [dual of شُفْرٌ, q. v.,] of her فَرْج; (A, Mgh, K;) occurring in a trad.; (Mgh, Msb;) an allusion to جِمَاع. (A, Mgh, Msb, K.) And شُعْبَتَا الرَّحْلِ (assumed tropical:) The شَرْخَانِ [or two upright pieces of wood] of the camel's saddle; its قَادِمَة and its آخِرَه. (Mgh.) And اِغْرِزِ اللَّحْمَ فِى شُعَبِ السَّفُّودِ (tropical:) [Infix thou the flesh-meat upon the prongs of the roastinginstrument]. (A, TA.) And شُعْبَةُ مِنْجَلٍ (assumed tropical:) [A tooth of a reaping-hook]. (K in art. سن.) and شُعْبَةٌ مِنْ شُعَبِ السِّينِ (assumed tropical:) [A tooth, or cusp, of the teeth, or cusps, of the س]; the شُعَب of the س being three. (S and L in art. س.) And شُعَبُ الفَرَسِ (tropical:) The outer parts, or regions, of the horse (أَقْطَارُهُ, A, or نَوَاحِيهِ, K); all of them: (K:) or the prominent parts (S, K) of them, (K,) or of him; (S, and so in some copies of the K;) as the neck, and the مِنْسَج [or withers, &c.], (S, TA,) and the crests of the hips, (TA,) or such as his head, and his حَارِك [or withers, &c.], and the crests of his hips. (A.) b5: Also A small water-course, or channel in which water flows; as in the phrase شُعْبَةٌ حَافِلٌ a small water-course filled with a torrent: (S:) or a water-course in sand; (K;) or in the elevated part of a depressed tract into which sand has poured and remained. (TA.) And A small portion of a [water-course such as is called] تَلْعَة; or what is smaller than a تَلْعَة; accord. to different copies of the K; الشُّعْبَةُ being expl. as meaning مَا صَغُرَ مِنَ التَّلْعَةِ, and, in one copy, عَنِ التَّلْعَةِ. (TA.) And Such as is large, of the channels for irrigation of valleys: (K, TA:) or, as some say, a branch from a تَلْعَة, and from a valley, or torrent-bed, taking a different course therefrom: pl. as above. (TA.) b6: and A portion, part, or piece, of a thing; or somewhat thereof: (S, Msb, K, TA:) pl. as above. (TA.) One says, اِشْعَبْ لِى شُعْبَةً مِنَ المَالِ Give thou to me a portion of the property. (TA.) And فِى يَدِهِ شُعْبَةُ خَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [In his hand is somewhat of good, or of wealth]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., الحَيَآءُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الإِيمَانِ (assumed tropical:) Modesty is a part of faith: and in another, الشَّبَابُ شُعْبَةٌ مِنَ الجُنُونِ (assumed tropical:) [Youth is a part of insanity]. (TA.) In explanation of the phrase, in the Kur [lxxvii. 30], إِلَى ظِلٍّ ذِى ثَلَاثِ شُعَبٍ [Unto a shade, or shadow, having three parts, or divisions], it is said that the fire [of Hell], on the day of resurrection, will divide into three parts; and whenever they shall attempt to go forth to a place, it will repel them: by ظِلّ being here meant that the fire will form a covering; for [literally] there will be no ظِلّ in this case. (Th, L.) b7: And A piece such as is called رُؤبَة, with which a wooden bowl [or the like] is repaired. (S.) b8: Accord. to Lth, (T, TA,) شُعَبُ الدَّهْرِ means (tropical:) The changes, or vicissitudes, of time or fortune; (T, A, TA;) and he cites the saying of Dhu-r-Rummeh, وَلَا تُقَسِّمُ شَعْبًا وَاحِدًا شُعَبُ which he explains by saying, i. e. I thought that one thing, or state of things, would not be divided into many things, or states: [i. e. Nor did I think that the vicissitudes of fortune would divide one whole body of men into many parties:] but Az disapproves of this explanation, and says that شُعَب here means Intentions, designs, or purposes: he says that the poet describes tribes assembled together in the [season called] رَبِيع, who, when they desired to return to the watering-places, differed in their intentions, or designs; wherefore he says, Nor did I think that various intentions would divide [one whole body of men who before had] a consentient intention. (L, TA.) b9: [See also the pl. شِعَابٌ below.]

شَعْبَانُ, imperfectly decl., (Msb,) The name of a month [i. e. the eighth month of the Arabian year]: pl. شَعْبَانَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and شَعَابِينُ: (Msb, K:) so called from تَشَعَّبَ “ it became separated; ” (K, TA;) because therein they used to separate, or disperse themselves, in search of water [when the months were regulated by the solar year; this month then corresponding partly to June and partly to July, as shown voce زَمَنٌ, q. v.]; or, as some say, for predatory expeditions [after having been restrained therefrom during the sacred month of Rejeb]; or, accord. to some, as Th says, from شَعَبَ “ it appeared; ” because of its appearance between the months of Rejeb and Ramadán. (TA.) b2: غَزَالُ شَعْبَانَ A certain insect, (K, * TA,) a species of the جُنْدَب, or of the جُخْدُب. (TA.) شِعَابٌ pl. of شِعْبٌ: (S, O, Msb:) and of شُعْبَةٌ. (K, TA.) b2: شَغَلَتْ شِعَابِى جَدْوَاىَ is a prov., [expl. as] meaning The abundance of the food [that I have to procure for my family] has occupied me so as to divert me from giving to people: (S, TA:) [Z considers شعاب, here, as pl. of شُعْبَةٌ

“ a branch,” and as meaning duties, and relations: (Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 653:)] but El-Mundhiree says that شِعَابِى is a mistranscription: the other reading is سَعَاتِى, meaning “ my expending upon my family. ” (Meyd. [See also سَعَاةٌ, in art. سعو and سعى.]) شَعُوبُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) without the article ال, and imperfectly decl., (Msb,) and الشَّعُوبُ, (A, Msb, K,) with the article, and perfectly decl., (Msb,) but several authors disallow this latter, accounting it wrong; (TA;) a name for Death; (S, A, * Msb, K; *) so called because it separates men: (S, Msb:) the former is a proper name: (Msb:) J says [in the S] that it is determinate, and does not admit the article ال: in the L, it is said that شَعُوبُ and الشَّعُوبُ both signify as above; and that in either case it may be originally an epithet, being like the epithets قَتُول and ضَرُوب; and if so, the article in this case is as in العَبَّاسُ and الحَسَنُ and الحٰرِثُ: and this opinion is confirmed by what is said of its derivation: but he who says شَعُوب, without the article, makes the word a pure substantive, and deprives it literally of the character of an epithet; wherefore the article is not necessarily attached to it, as it is not to عَبَّاس and حٰرِث; yet the essence of an epithet is in it still, as in the instance of جَابِرُ بْنُ حَبَّةَ, a name for “ bread,” so called because it reinvigorates the hungry; and as in وَاسِط, [a certain town] so called, accord. to Sb, because midway between El-'Irák [' Irák el-'Ajam] and El-Basrah: thus in the L. (TA.) One says of a person when he has been at the point of death and then escaped, أَقَصَّتْهُ شَعُوبُ [Death became near to him]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., فَمَا زِلْتُ وَاضِعًا رِجْلِى

عَلَى خَدِّهِ حَتَّى أَزَرْتُهُ شَعُوبَ, i. e. [And I ceased not putting my foot upon his cheek until] I made death to visit him. (TA.) شَعِيبٌ A [leathern water-bag such as is called]

مَزَادَة [q. v.]; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) as also رَاوِيَةٌ and سَطِيحَةٌ: (A'Obeyd, S:) or one that has been repaired, or pieced: (TA:) or one that is made of two hides: (K:) or one that is made of two hides facing each other, without فِئَام at their corners; فئام in [the making of] مَزَايِد being the taking of the hide and folding it, and then adding at the sides what will widen it: or one that is pieced (تُفْأَمُ) with a third skin, between the two skins, that it may be rendered wider: or one that is made of two pieces joined together: (TA:) or one that is sewed (مَخْرُوزَة, K and TA, in the CK مَحْزُوزَة,) on both sides: (K:) called thus because one part is joined to another: (L, TA:) pl. شُعُبٌ. (K, * TA.) b2: Also An old, worn-out skin for water or milk: (K:) because it is pieced, or repaired: (TA:) pl. as above. (K.) b3: and A camel's saddle; syn. رَحْلٌ: because it is joined, part to part: so in the saying of El-Marrár, describing a she-camel, إِذَا هِىَ خَرَّتْ خَرَّ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهَا شَعِيبٌ بِهِ إِحْمَامُهَا وَلُغُوبُهَا [When she falls down, or fell down, there falls down, or fell down, from her right side a saddle by reason of which was her fevered and jaded state]. (TA.) b4: And رَجُلٌ شَعِيبٌ i. q. غَرِيبٌ [A man who is a stranger, &c.]. (AA, TA voce غَرِيبٌ.) شِعَابَةٌ The art, or craft, of repairing cracks [in wooden bowls &c., by piecing them]. (TA.) شُعُوبِىٌّ: see what next follows.

الشُّعُوبِيَّةُ A sect which does not prefer, or exalt, the Arabs above the 'Ajam [or foreigners or Persians]: (S:) or a sect which prefers, or exalts, the 'Ajam above the Arabs: (Msb:) or those who despise the circumstances, or condition, of the Arabs; (A, * K;) one of whom is called ↓ شُعُوبِىٌّ; (A, K;) a rel. n. formed from the pl., (IM, Msb, TA,) شُعُوبٌ being predominantly applied to the 'Ajam; (IM, TA;) like أَنْصَارِىٌّ [from الأَنْصَارُ]. (IM, Msb, * TA.) In the phrase إِنَّ رَجُلًا مِنَ الشُّعُوبِ أَسْلَمَ, occurring in a trad., [and mentioned before, voce شَعْبٌ,] الشعوب may mean العَجَم; or it may be [used as] a pl. of الشُّعُوبِىُّ, like as اليَهُودُ and المَجُوسُ are [used as] pls. of اليَهُودِىُّ and المَجُوسِىُّ. (IAth, TA.) شَعَّابٌ A repairer of cracks [in wooden bowls &c., by piecing them]. (S, Msb, TA.) الشَّاعِبَانِ The two shoulders: (K:) because wide apart: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) أَشْعَبُ A goat, (S, TA,) and a gazelle, (A, TA,) wide, (A,) or very wide, (S, TA,) between the horns: (S, A, TA:) [and app., between the shoulders: (see شَعِبَ:)] fem. شَعْبَآءُ: (TA:) and pl. شُعْبٌ. (S, A, TA.) A2: It is also the name of a certain very covetous man [who became proverbial for his covetousness, and hence it is used as an epithet]: (S, K:) so in the saying, لَا تَكُنْ

أَشْعَبَ فَتَتْعَبَ [Be not thou an Ash'ab, for in that case thou wilt become fatigued, or wearied, by thy endeavours]; (K;) a prov.: (TA:) and so in the prov., أَطْمَعُ مِنْ أَشْعَبَ [More covetous than Ash'ab]. (S.) مَشْعَبٌ A way, road, or path, (S, Msb, K,) [in an absolute sense, or] branching off from another. (Msb.) مَشْعَبُ الحَقِّ means The way [of truth, or] that distinguishes between truth and falsity. (K.) مِشْعَبٌ An instrument by means of which a crack in a [wooden bowl or some other] thing is repaired [by piecing it]; an instrument used for perforating, a drill, or the like, (K, TA,) by means of which the شَعَّاب repairs a vessel. (TA.) قَصْعَةٌ مُشَعَّبَةٌ [A wooden bowl] repaired in several places [by closing up its cracks, or by piecing it]. (S.) b2: See also what follows.

مَشْعُوبٌ applied to a camel, (K,) and ↓ مُشَعَّبَةٌ applied to a number of camels, (TA,) Marked with the brand called شِعْب. (K, TA.)

برص

1 بَرِصَ, (S, [so in two copies, in one mentioned by Freytag بُرِصَ, which is a mistake,] M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. بَرَصٌ, (M, Msb,) He (a man, S) was, or became, affected with بَرَص [or leprosy (see بَرَصٌ below)]. (S, M, Msb, K.) [See also بَرِشَ.]2 برّص رَأْسَهُ, (A,) inf. n. تَبْرِيصٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He shaved his head. (Ibn-'Abbád, A, Sgh, K.) b2: برّص المَطَرُ الأَرْضَ, (TK,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (assumed tropical:) The rain fell upon the land before it was ploughed, or tilled. (Ibn'-Abbád, Sgh, K.) 4 ابرص He begot a child that was أَبْرَص [or leprous]. (K.) A2: ابرصهُ اللّٰهُ God rendered him, or caused him to be or become, أَبْرَص [or leprous]. (S, K.) 5 تبرّص الأَرْضَ (tropical:) He (a camel, A, TA) found no pasture in the land without depasturing it; (Sgh, K;) left no pasture in the land. (A.) بَرْصٌ, with fet-h, A certain small reptile (دُوَيْبَّةٌ) that is in the well. (Ibn-'Abbád, Sgh, K. [In the CK, فى البَعِيرِ is put by mistake for فِى البِئْرِ.]) [Perhaps it is the same as is called بُرْص, (see this word below,) which may be a vulgar pronunciation; and if so, this may be the reason why the author of the K has added, cont?? to his usual rule, “with fet-h.”]

بُرْصٌ i. q. وَزَغَةٌ [A lizard of the species called gecko, of a leprous hue, as its name برص indicates; so applied in the present day]; (TA;) and ↓ أَبُو بَرِيصٍ , (M,) or ↓ أَبُو بُرَيْصٍ, (TA,) is a surname of the same. (M, TA.) [See also بَرْصٌ; and see سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, voce أَبْرَصُ; and بَرِيصَةً.]

بَرَصٌ [Leprosy; particularly the malignant species thereof termed “leuce;”] a certain disease, (S, TA,) well known, (TA,) which is a whiteness; (S;) a whiteness incident in the skin; (M;) a whiteness which appears upon the exterior of the body, by reason of a corrupt state of constitution. (A, K.) b2: (tropical:) What has become white, in a beast, in consequence of his being bitten. (K, TA.) بُرْصَةٌ (assumed tropical:) i. q. بَلُّوقَةٌ; (ISh;) pl. بِرَاصٌ, (ISh, K,) which signifies White places, (ISh,) or portions distinct from the rest, (K,) in sand, which give growth to nothing. (ISh, K.) b2: The pl. also signifies (assumed tropical:) The alighting-places of the jinn, or genii: (K:) [reminding us of our fairy-rings:] in which sense, also, it is pl. of بُرْصَةٌ. (TA.) b3: Also, the sing., (assumed tropical:) An aperture in clouds, or mist, through which the face of the sky is seen. (M, TA.) بِرَصَةٌ: see سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, voce أَبْرَصُ.

بَرِيصٌ A shining, or glistening; syn. بَصِيصٌ (A, K) and بَرِيقٌ. (A.) A2: Also A certain plant, resembling the سُعْد [or cyperus], (AA, K,) growing in channels of running water. (AA.) A3: أَبُو بَرِيصٍ: see بُرْصٌ.

بُرَيصٌ dim. of أَبْرَصُ, q. v.

A2: أَبُو بُرَيْصٌ: see بُرْصٌ.

A3: أَبُو بُرَيص is also the name of A certain bird, otherwise called بلعة, [so written in the TA, without any syll. signs,] accord. to IKh, and mentioned in the K in art. بلص. (TA.) بَرِيصَةٌ A certain small reptile (دَابَّةٌ صَغِيرَةٌ), smaller than the وَزَغَة; when it bites a thing, the latter is not cured. (M, TA.) [See also بُرْصٌ; and see سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, voce أَبْرَصُ.]

أَبْرَصُ [Leprous;] having the disease called بَرَصٌ: (S, M, K:) fem. بَرْصَآءُ: (M, Msb:) pl. بُرْصٌ (Msb, TA) and بُرْصَانٌ. (TA.) b2: سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the former word being decl., prefixed to the latter as governing it in the gen. case; (S, Msb;) and سَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, as one word, the former being indecl. with fet-h for its termination, and the latter being imperfectly decl., (S, Msb;) in this and in the former instance; (Msb;) and سَمُّ أَبْرَصَ; (as in some copies of the K in art. سم;) i. q. الوَزَغَةُ [The species of lizard described above, voce بُرْصٌ]: (M, and so in the JK and K in art. وزغ:) or such as are large, of the وَزَغ [whereof وَزَغَةٌ is the n. un.]: (A, Msb:) or [one] of the large [sorts] of the وَزَغ: (S, K:) determinate, as a generic appellation: (S, TA:) As says, I know not why it is so called: (TA:) [the reason seems to be its leprous hue: see بُرْصٌ:] its blood and its urine have a wonderful effect when put into the orifice of the penis of a child suffering from difficulty in voiding his urine, (K, TA,) relieving him immediately; (TA;) and its head, pounded, when put upon a member, causes to come forth a thing that has entered into it and become concealed therein, such as a thorn and the like: (K:) the dual is سَامَّا أَبْرَصَ: (S, M, Msb, K:) and the pl. is سَوَامُّ أَبْرَصَ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) ابرص having no dual form nor pl.; (M;) or, (K,) or sometimes, (Msb,) or if you will you may say, (S,) السَّوَامُّ, without mentioning ابرص; and ↓ البِرَصَةُ; (S, Msb, K;) and الأَبَارِصُ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) without mentioning سَامّ; (S, Msb, K;) the last of these pls. being as though formed from a rel. n., [namely, أَبْرَصِىٌّ,] although without [the termination] ة, like as they said المَهَالِبُ [for المَهَالِبَةُ]. (M.) b3: الأَبْرَصُ The moon. (A, Sgh, K.) [So called because of its mottled hue.] You say, بِتُّ لَا مُؤْنِسِى إِلَّا الأَبْرَصُ [I passed the night, none but the moon cheering me by its presence]. (A, TA.) b4: حَيَّةٌ بَرْصَآءُ A serpent having in it, (K,) i. e., in its skin, (M, TA,) white places, distinct from the general colour. (M, K, TA.) b5: أَرْضٌ بَرْصَآءُ (tropical:) Land bare of herbage; (A;) of which the herbage has been depastured (K, TA) in some places, so that it has become bare thereof. (TA.)

قرد

1 قَرِدَ, aor. ـَ (S, L, K,) inf. n. قَرَدٌ, (S, L), It (wool) fell off by degrees from the sheep, and became compacted in lumps, or clotted: (S:) or it (wool, L, and hair, L, K) became contracted together, (L, K,) and knotted in its extremities; (L;) as also ↓ تقرّد. (L, K.) b2: It (a tanned skin) became worm-eaten. (S, K.) A2: (tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, silent by reason of impotence of speech; (S, K;) as also ↓ اقرد and ↓ قرّد: (K:) or he was, or became, abject, and humble, or submissive: or, acc. to IAar ↓ اقرد signifies he (a man) was, or became, silent by reason of abjectness: [see also خرِدَ:] or, acc. to another, he was, or became, still and abject. (TA.) See اقرد below. The verbs are used in these senses because, when a raven or crow lights upon a camel and picks off the ticks (قرْدَان), the beast remains still on account of the ease which it occasions him. (TA.) A3: قَرَدَ, (L, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. قَرْدٌ, (L,) He collected together, and gained, (L, K,) for his family. (L.) [You say] قَرَدَ فِى

السِّقَآءِ He collected clarified butter in the skin; (L, K;) as also قَرَدَ سَمْنًا فى السِّقَآءِ: (S, L:) or he collected milk in the skin. (L, K.) See also قَلَدَ.2 قرّدهُ, inf. n. تَقْرِيدٌ, (K,) He plucked off his (a camel's, S, A) قِرْدَان [or ticks]: (S, A, K:) it (a raven, or crow) lighted upon him (a camel), and picked off his قِرْدَان [or ticks]. (A.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) He rendered him (a camel, L,) submissive, or tractable: (L, K:) because a camel, when he is freed from his ticks (قِرْدَان), becomes quiet. (L.) [And, of a camel (?) it is said,] قرّد, (tropical:) he became submissive, and tractable. (K.) [And] قرّدهُ, (A, L, K,) and ↓ نَزَعَ قُرَادَهُ, (A,) [signify] (tropical:) He beguiled him (S, A, L, K) and wheedled, or cajoled, him; (L;) because a man, when he desires to take a refractory camel, first plucks off his ticks (يُقَرِّدُهُ). (S, L.) See also قَرِدَ.4 اقرد He (a camel) became still, quiet, or tranquil, in consequence of his having his ticks pulled off. (A.) [And hence] (tropical:) He (a camel) went at a gentle pace, not shaking, or jolting, his rider. (A.) b2: (tropical:) He was, or became, silent, (K,) still, or quiet, (S, K,) and submissive, (K,) and feigned himself dead. (S, K. See قَرِدَ in two places.) b3: (tropical:) He (a man) clave to the ground by reason of abjectness, or submissiveness. (A.) See art. خَرِدَ.5 تقرّد, see قَرِدَ b2: It (flour) became heaped up, one part upon another. (L, from a trad.) قِرْدٌ [The ape; the monkey; and the baboon;] a certain animal, (TA,) well known: (L, K:) fem. with ة: (S, L, Msb:) pl. [of pauc., of the masc.,] أَقْرُدٌ, (L, Msb,) and أَقْرَادٌ, (L, K,) and [of mult., of the same,] قُرُودٌ and قِرَدَةٌ, (S, L, Msb, K,) and [quasi-pl. n.] قَرِدَةٌ; (K;) and pl. of the fem., (S, L, Msb,) قِرَدٌ. (S, L, Msb, K.) Hence the proverb أَزْنَى مِنْ قِرْدٍ [More incontinent than an ape]; because the قِرْد is the most incontinent of animals: (K:) such is generally said to be the meaning of this proverb: (TA:) or (accord. to A'Obeyd, S, L) by قرد is here meant a man of the tribe of Hudheyl, named Kird, the son of Mo'áwiyeh. (S, L, K.) A2: اِبْنُ القِرْدِ The حَوْدَل. (TA in art. بنى.) قَرَدٌ [a coll. gen. n.] Refuse of wool; (L, K;) afterwards applied also to soft hair (وَبَر), and other hair, and flax: (L:) or soft hair and wool that fall off by degrees from the animals, and become compacted in lumps, or clotted: (L, K:) or refuse of wool, and what falls off by degrees from the sheep, and becomes compacted in lumps, or clotted: (S:) or bad wool: (R:) or the worst of wool and soft hair, and what is picked up thereof from the ground: (Nh:) a piece thereof is termed قَرَدَةٌ. (S.) It is said in a proverb, عَكَرَتْ عَلَى الغَزْلِ بِأَخَرَةٍ فَلَمْ تَدَعْ بِنَجْدٍ قَرَدَةٌ, عَكَرَتْ meaning عَطَفَتْ, [She returned to spinning at last, and left not in Nejd a piece of refuse of wool]: (S, L:) in the K, عَثَرَتْ is put for عَكَرَتْ; and both readings are mentioned by the relaters of proverbs: [عثرت على الغزل app. signifies she applied herself by chance to spinning:] the proverb is applied to him who neglects a needful business when it is possible, and seeks to accomplish it when it is beyond his reach: (K:) its origin is the fact, that a woman neglects spinning while she finds that which she may spin, (of cotton or flax &c., L,) until, when it is beyond her reach, she seeks for refuse of wool among sweepings and rubbish. (L, K.) b2: Also, Palmbranches stripped of their leaves: n. un. with ة. (K.) b3: Also, A thing like down, sticking to the [plant called] طُرْثُوث. (K.) b4: Also, Little things, [i. e., little flocks of clouds,] less than [what are termed] سَحَاب [or clouds in the common acceptation of the term] not conjoined; as also ↓ مُتَقَرِّدٌ; (K;) in some copies of the K ↓ مُتَقَرِّدَةٌ. (TA.) See also قَرِدٌ.

A2: Also, A hesitation in speech; (El-Hejeree, L, K;) because a man who hesitates in his speech is silent respecting somewhat of that which he would say. (L.) See also قَرِدَ.

قَرِدٌ Wool sticking together, and compacted in a lump or lumps: (A:) wool, and hair, contracted together, and knotted in its extremities. (L.) b2: [Hence,] a cloud, or collection of clouds, dissundered, in the tracts of the sky, in parts, or portions, one upon another; cirro-cumulus: (S, L:) or of which the several portions are compacted together, (M, K,) one upon another; likened to soft hair such as is thus termed: (M:) or compacted in lumps, not smooth; as also ↓ مُتَقَرِّدٌ. (AHn.) See also قَرِدٌ. b3: قَرِدُ الخَصِيلِ A horse [compact in frame;] not lax. (L, K.) A2: A camel [&c.] abounding with قِرْدَان [or ticks]. (K.) A3: And قَرِدٌ [an epithet used as a subst.] Accumulated foam which the camel casts forth from his mouth. (TA in art. توج. See an ex. in that art. voce مَتَاوِجُ.) قَرْدَدٌ (in which the second د is not incorporated into the first because the word is quasi-coordinate to the class of those of the measure فَعْلَلٌ, S, L,) Elevated ground; (L, K;) as also ↓ قُرْدُودَةٌ: (K:) or elevated and rugged ground; as also ↓ قُرْدُودٌ: (L:) or a rugged and elevated place; (S, L;) as also ↓ قُرْدُودٌ: (S:) or a tract similar to what is termed قُفّ: (As:) or a prominent portion of ground by the side of a depressed place, or hollow: (M:) also, even, or plain, ground: (L:) pl. قَرَادِدُ and قَرَادِيدُ; (S, L, K;) the latter form being adopted from a dislike to [the concurrence of] the two dáls: (S, L:) Sb says, that قَرَادِيدُ is a pl. of قَرْدَدٌ; but as one also says قُرْدُودٌ, there is no reason for this assertion: (L:) ISh says, that ↓ قُرْدُودَةٌ signifies elevated and rugged ground producing little herbage, and all of it gibbous: and Sh, that it signifies an extended strip [of ground], like the قردودة of the back. (TA.) قُرْدُودٌ: see قَرْدَدٌ, in two places.

قُرْدُودَةٌ: see قَرْدَدٌ. b2: قُرْدُودَةُ الظَّهْرِ The upper, or highest, part of the back (L, K) of any beast of carriage: (L:) or the withers; syn. سِيسَآءٌ: (As, L:) or the elevated portion of the part called the ثَبَج; (S, L;) also called قُرْدُودَةُ الثَّبَجِ. (L.) b3: قُرْدُودَةُ الشِّتَآءِ The severity and sharpness of winter: (K:) or its sterility and severity. (Aboo-Málik, L.) قُرَادٌ [a coll. gen. n., The tick; or ticks;] a certain insect, (L, K,) well known, (L,) that clings to camels and the like, (Msb,) [and to dogs &c.,] and bites them; (L;) it is, to them, like the louse to man: (Msb:) [see also حَلَمَةٌ and حَمْنَانٌ:] n. un. with ة: (Msb:) pl. (of pauc., TA,) أَقْرِدَةٌ, (L,) and (of mult., L,) قِرْدَانٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and قُرُدٌ: (L:) قُرْدٌ also signifies the same as قُرَادٌ, (K,) or is a contraction of the pl. قُرُدٌ. (L.) أَذَلُّ مِنْ قُرَادٍ and أَسْفَلُ من قراد [Viler than a tick] are proverbial sayings. (TA.) A2: القُرَادُ, (K,) or قُرَادُ الثَّدْىِ, (L,) or قُرَادُ الصَّدْرِ, (S, A,) (tropical:) The nipple (حَلَمَة) of the breast: (S, A, L, K:) called قُرَادٌ and حَلَمَةٌ as being likened. to a large tick: (Mgh in art. حلم:) the nipple of the dug of a mare. (K.) A3: أَمُّ القِرْدَانِ The place between the fetlock and hoof of a horse: (S, L:) also, the part between the phalanges (سُلَامَيَات) of the foot of a camel. (L.) b2: See also 2.

قَرُودٌ A camel that does not impatiently avoid having his ticks (قِرْدَان,) plucked off. (L, K.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) a still, or quiet, man. (A.) قَرَّادٌ A trainer of the قِرْد [or ape, monkey, or baboon]. (K.) مُتَقَرِّدٌ: see قَرَدٌ and قَردٌ.

مُتَقَرِّدَةٌ: see قَرَدٌ.

سمل

1 سَمَلَ عَيْنَهُ, (S, * M, Mgh, * Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. سَمْلٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He put out, or blinded, (فَقَأَ,) his eye (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) with an iron instrument (S, Msb, TA) made hot; (S, Msb;) or with some other thing; sometimes with a thorn; (TA;) like سَمَرَهَا: (M and K in art. سمر:) and he pulled it out: (Mgh:) and ↓ استملها signifies the same. (Fr, K.) b2: سَمَلَ الحَوْضَ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. as above; (M;) and ↓ سمّلهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَسْمِيلٌ; (TA;) He cleansed, or cleared, the watering-trough, or tank, (S, M, K,) from the سَمَلَة, (M, K,) [i. e.] from the black mud, or black fetid mud, [that was in it,] and from the mud, or clay. (S.) And سَمَلْتُ البِئْرَ I cleansed, or cleared out, the well. (Msb.) b3: سَمَلَ بَيْنَهُمْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S, M,) He effected a rectification of affairs, or an adjustment, or a reconciliation, between them; as also ↓ اسمل: (S, M, K:) or he strove, laboured, or exerted himself, in effecting a rectification between them; and so فِى المَعِيشَةِ [in respect of the means of subsistence]. (Msb.) A2: سَمَلَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. سُمُولٌ (S, M, K) and سُمُولَةٌ, [or this is probably the inf. n. of the latter of the next two following syn. verbs,] (K,) It (a garment, or piece of cloth,) was, or became, old, and worn out; as also ↓ اسمل; (S, M, K;) and so سَمُلَ, like كَرُمَ; (K;) and ↓ اِسْمَأَلَّ, inf. n. اِسْمِئْلَالٌ. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph.2 سمّل الحَوْضَ: see 1.

A2: سمّل الحَوْضُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَسْمِيلٌ, (K,) The watering-trough, or tank, yielded but little water. (Lh, M, K.) and in like manner, (K,) سمّلت الدَّلْوُ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (K,) The bucket yielded, (M,) or produced [from the well], only what is termed السَّمَلَة, (K,) i. e., (TA,) little water; (M, TA;) as also ↓ سَمَلَت, (K,) inf. n. سَمْلٌ; but the former verb is said by Fr to be preferable. (TA.) A3: سمّل فُلَانًا بِالقَوْلِ He was soft, or tender, or easy and sweet, or elegant, graceful, or ornate, to such a one, (رَقَّقَ لَهُ, in the CK رَفَّقَ له,) in speech. (K.) A4: And accord. to IDrd, تَسْمِيلٌ signifies A laxness of the ذَكَر on the occasion of جِمَاع. (TA.) 4 أَسْمَلَ see 1, in two places.5 تسمّل, (K,) or تسمّل سَمَلًا, (M,) He drank, or took, remains in a vessel, (M, K,) of wine, or beverage, &c. (M.) b2: And تسمّل النَّبِيذَ He persevered, or persisted, in the drinking of the [beverage called] نبيذ. (Lh, M, K.) 8 إِسْتَمَلَ see 1, first sentence. Q. Q. 4 اِسْمَأَلَّ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. اِسْمِئلَالٌ, (S,) He (a man, O) was, or became, slender, lean, or lank, (S, O, K,) in the belly. (S, * O, * K.) b2: Said of the shade, It contracted; or went away; syn. قَلَصَ, (O,) or اِرْتَفَعَ. (TA.) The phrase إِذَا اسْمَأَلَّ التُّبَّعُ, in a verse which is here cited in the S and O and TA, [and which I have cited in art. تبع,] means [accord. to J,] إِذَا رَجَعَ الظِّلُّ

إِلَى أَصْلِ العُودِ [app. When the shade cast by the leaves of a tree returns to the lower part of the branch; i. e. when the sun becomes high: virtually the same as when the shade contracts]: (S, TA:) or, as some say, by التُّبَّعُ is meant [the star, or asterism, called] الدَّبَرَان, and the phrase means when الدبران rises. (TA. [See art. تبع.]) b3: Said of a person's face, It became altered in consequence of emaciation. (TA.) b4: See also 1, last sentence but one.

سَمَلٌ: see سَمَلَةٌ, in three places.

A2: Applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, Old, and worn out; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَمَلَةٌ and ↓ سَمِيلٌ and ↓ سَمُولٌ (M, K) and ↓ سَمِلٌ and ↓ مُسْمَئِلٌّ: (K:) the pl. of سَمَلٌ is أًسْمَالٌ: (A'Obeyd, TA:) and one says also ثَوْبٌ أَسْمَالٌ, (S, M, K,) like رُمْحُ أَقْصَادٌ and بُرْمَةٌ أَعْشَارٌ. (S.) The phrase سَمَلُ قَطِيفَةٍ occurs in a trad. [as meaning An old and worn-out garment of the kind called قطيفة]: and in another trad., أَسْمَالُ مُلّيَّتَيْنِ [meaning two old and wornout small garments of the kind called مُلَآءَة]; مُلَيَّةٌ being a dim. of مُلَآءَةٌ. (TA.) And ↓ سَوْمَلٌ signifies [in like manner] An old and worn-out [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء, on the authority of Ez-Zejjájee. (M.) b2: Also, (i. e. سَمَلٌ,) applied to a ewe, Having ragged wool: b3: and سَمَلْ سَمَلْ is A cry by which a ewe is called to be milked. (O, TA.) سَمِلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُمْلَةٌ Tears poured forth (Az, K) by the eyes affected with pain in consequence of hunger, (Az,) or on an occasion of vehement hunger, (K,) as though putting out the eye. (Az, K.) b2: See also the next following paragraph.

سَمَلَةٌ A small quantity of water (S, M, K) remaining in the bottom of a vessel &c.; like ثَمِيلَةٌ: (S:) as also ↓ سُمْلَةٌ: (S, M, * K: [app., accord. to the M, the latter is syn. with the former absolutely:]) pl. ↓ سَمَلٌ, (S, M, K,) which is used of wine, or beverage, &c., (M,) [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [the pl. properly so termed is] سُمُولٌ (As, S) and أَسْمَالٌ [a pl. of pauc.]: (AA, S:) and ↓ سُمْلَانٌ [app. pl. of ↓ سَمَلٌ, agreeably with analogy,] signifies remains of [the beverage called] نَبِيذ, (M, K,) and of water also. (TA.) Also A remaining portion of water in a watering-trough, or tank: (M, K:) and, (K,) as some say, (M,) black mud, or black fetid mud, (M, K,) therein: (M:) pl. ↓ سَمَلٌ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n., as observed above,] and سِمَالٌ; (M, K;) and سَمَائِلُ is pl. of the latter of these pls. (TA.) A2: See also سَمَلٌ.

سُمْلَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَمُولٌ: see سَمَلٌ.

سَمِيلٌ: see سَمَلٌ.

سَمَّالٌ [One who puts out the eyes of others]. A certain tribe were called بَنُو السَّمَّالِ, (M, K, *) or بَنُو سَمَّالٍ, (S, TA,) because their founder had put out the eye of a man. (S, M, K.) سَامِلٌ One who strives, labours, or exerts himself, (S, M, K,) in, (S,) or for, (M, K,) the right management of affairs for procuring the means of subsistence. (S, M, K.) سَوْمَلٌ: see سَمَلٌ.

سَوْمَلَةٌ A small [cup of the kind called] فِنْجَانَة, (S, M, K, TA,) which latter is a post-classical word, originally فِلْجَانَة: or the سوملة, as some say, is a small فِيَالَجَة, an arabicized word from the Pers\. پِيَالَهْ; which is also called طَرْجَهَارَةٌ; (TA;) and this is the same as the فِلْجَان. (TA voce طرجهارة.) مُسْمَئِلٌّ Slender, lean, or lank, in the belly; (M, K;) applied to a man. (TA.) b2: See also سَمَلٌ.

A2: Also A certain bird. (K.)

صوف

1 صَافَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. صَوْفٌ and صُؤُوفٌ; and صَوِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. صَوَفٌ; (S;) He (a ram) had much صُوف [or wool], (S, O, K,) after having little thereof. (S, O.) A2: صاف السَّهْمُ عَنِ الهَدَفِ, aor. ـُ and يَصِيفُ, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. صَوْفٌ and صَيْفٌ and صَيْفُوفَةٌ, (O and K in art. صيف,) The arrow turned aside from the butt: (S, M, O, Msb, K:) like ضاف. (S and O in art. ضيف.) And صاف عَنِّى وَجْهُهُ His face turned away from me. (K.) And صاف عَنِّى شَرُّهُ, (S, M, O,) aor. ـُ inf. n. صَوْفٌ, (M,) His (a man's, S, O) evil, or mischief, turned away from me. (S, * M, O. *) 2 صوّف الكَرْمُ The grape-vine showed its fruitstalks [anew] after the cutting off of its fruit-(M,) 4 اصاف اللّٰهُ عَنِّى شَرَّهُ God turned away, or may God turn away, from me his evil, or mischief. (S, K.) [Mentioned also in art. صيف.]5 تصّوف He became a صُــوفِىّ: (Msb:) he devoted himself to religious exercises; or applied himself to devotion: or he asserted himself to do so: (TA:) but it is post-classical. (Msb.) صَافٌ (S, M, O, K) and ↓ صَائِفٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K) and ↓ صَافٍ, (M, O, K,) which last is formed by transposition [from the second], (M,) and ↓ صَوِفٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ أَصْوَفُ (S, M, O, Msb, K) and ↓ صُوفَانٌ (AHeyth, TA) and ↓ صُوفِانِىٌّ, (M, O, K,) A ram having much صُوف [or wool]: (S, M, O, Msb, K:) fem. with ة, (K, [in which it seems to refer only to the last, i. e.]) the fem. epithet is ↓ صُوفَانِيَّةٌ, (O,) or ↓ صُوفَانَةٌ, (AHeyth, and so in a copy of the M,) and صَافَةٌ also. (M.) b2: and لِمَّةٌ صَافَةٌ [A lock of hair hanging down below the lobe of the ear] of which the hair is like صُوف [i. e. wool]. (M.) A2: See also صُوفٌ.

A3: And see art. صيف.

صَافٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صُوفٌ [Wool;] an appertenance of sheep, (in the S لِلشَّاةِ, in the M لِلْغَنَمِ, and in the O and Msb [more definitely] لِلضَّأْنِ,) which is to them like شَعَرٌ to goats and وَبَرٌ to camels: (M:) [in the K only said to be well know:] n. un. صُوفَةٌ, (M,) [i. e.] this latter has a more particular signification [meaning a portion, flock, tuft, or wisp, of wool]: (S, O, Msb, K:) and sometimes صُوفٌ is used in the sense of the n. un., as mentioned by Sb: (M:) the pl. of صُوفٌ is أَصْوَافٌ [meaning sorts of wool]: (M:) and the dim. of the n. un. is ↓ صُوَيْفَةٌ. (TA.) One says خَرْقَآءُ وَجَدَتْ صُوفًا [An unskilful woman that has found wool]: (As, O, K:) a prov. (As, O) relating to property possessed by such as does not deserve to have it: (As, TA:) because the unskilful woman, when she lights upon wool, mars it, (O, K,) not spinning it well: (O:) applied to the stupid person who finds property and wastes it; (O, K;) or to him who finds that of which he knows not the value, and wastes it. (Z, TA.) And one says, فُلَانٌ يَلْبَسُ الصُّوفَ وَالقُطْنَ, meaning Such a one wears what is made of wool and of cotton. (A, TA.) In the saying of a poet, حَلْبَانَةٍ رَكْبَانَةٍ صَفُوفِ تَخْلِطُ بَيْنَ وَبَرٍ وَصُوفِ [Of one that is milked and ridden, that yields a row of bowls of her milk, (but see صَفُوفٌ, of which other explanations have been given,) that mingles camels' fur and wool], the latter hemistich means, as Th says, accord. to IAar, that is sold, and with the price whereof are purchased camels and sheep: or, accord. to As, that is quick in her pace; the drawing back of her fore legs being likened to [the motion of] the bow of the نَدَّاف who mixes camels' fur and wool. (M.) One says also, أَخَذْتُ بِصُوفِ رَقَبَتِهِ (S, M, K, but in the M أَخَذَ,) and بِصُوفَتِهَا (M, O) and ↓ بِصَافِهَا, (M, K,) and بِطُوفِ رَقَبَتِهِ and بِطَافِهَا, and بِظُوفِ زَقَبَتِهِ and بِظَافِهَا, and بِقُوفِ رَقَبَتِهِ and بِقَافِهَا, (S, O,) meaning (tropical:) [I laid hold upon] the pendent hair in the hollow of the back of his neck: (IDrd, S, M, O, K:) or the downy hairs upon the back of his neck: (M, O:) or the skin of his neck: (IAar, S, O, K:) or the back of his neck, altogether: (Fr, S, O, K:) or I took him by force: (Abu-l-Ghowth, S, O, K:) or I followed him, thinking that I should not reach him, and overtook him; and this one says whether he lay hold upon his neck or not. (Abu-s-Semeyda', S, O, K.) And أَعْطَاهُ بِصُوفِ رَقَبَتِهِ (tropical:) [He gave it altogether]; like أَعْطَاهُ بِرُمَّتِهِ: or (as expl. by A' Obeyd, S, O) he gave it gratuitously; not taking a price. (S, O, K.) b2: صُوفُ البَحْرِ [lit. The wool of the sea] is a thing [or substance] in the form of the animal صُوف [i. e., of wool; evidently meaning sea-weed resembling wool; such as is found in abundance thrown up on the beaches of the Red Sea: and that this is generally, if not in every instance, meant by the identical Hebrew word סוּף, as used in the Bible, has been most satisfactorily shown in art. “ Red Sea ” (by my deeply-lamented nephew Edward Stanley Poole) in Dr. William Smith's “ Dictionary of the Bible ”]: it is said in one of the أَبَدِيَّات, [see art. ابد,] لَا آتِيكَ مَا بَلَّ بَحْرٌ صُوفَةً [I will not come to thee as long as a sea wets a portion of صُوف], or, as Lh relates it, مَا بَلَّ البَحْرُ صُوفَهُ [as long as the sea wets its صُوف; meaning, ever]. (M, TA.) صَوِفٌ: see صَافٌ.

صُوفَةٌ n. un. of صُوفٌ [q. v.]. (M &c.) b2: [Also applied by physicians to A pessary, or suppository, of wool, containing a medicament of some kind, to be inserted into the vagina or rectum.]

A2: Also Any of those who had the management of aught of the work of the بَيْت [meaning the House of God, i. e. the Kaabeh], and who were called ↓ الصُّوفَانُ: (M:) [accord. to the TA, it is said that الصُّوفَانُ and الصُّوفَةُ are both alike appel-lations applied to any of such persons:] J and others say that صُوفَةٌ was the father of a tribe of Mudar, who used to serve the Kaabeh, and to return with the pilgrims from ' Arafát, in the Time of Ignorance; and it is implied in the S [that they were also called آلُ صُوفَانَ, or] that صُوفَة was also called صُوفَان; and in a saying of Z, that الصُّوفَان and آلُ صُوفَان were appellations of one and the same people: [hence, app., the applications of صُوفَةٌ and صُوفَانٌ to any servants of the Kaabeh:] but accord. to Sgh and the K, آلُ صُوفَانَ is a mistake for آلُ صَفْوَانَ. (TA.) صُوفَانٌ, and its fem., with ة: see صَافٌ: A2: and for the former see also صُوفَةٌ.

A3: Also [A species of agaric, i. e., of the kind of fungus thus called;] a certain thing [or substance] that comes forth from the heart of trees, flaccid and dry, in which fire is struck, and which is the best of things for the purpose of those who strike fire. (TA.) صُوفَانَةٌ, applied to a ewe, is fem. of صُوفَانٌ: see صَافٌ. (AHeyth, TA.) b2: Also A certain herb, or leguminous plant, (بَقْلَةٌ,) downy, (M, K,) and short, (K,) mentioned by Aboo-Nasr as of the kind termed أَحْرَار [pl. of حُرٌّ], but not specifically described by him. (AHn, M.) صُــوفِىٌّ, a post-classical word, A man of the people called the صُوفِيَّة: (Msb:) [formerly applied to any devotee: afterwards, particularly, to a mystic; one who seeks to raise himself to a high degree of spiritual excellence by contemplation of divine things so as to elicit the mysteries thereof:] the صُوفِيَّة may be so called [from the Greek sofos: or] in relation to the people called آلُ صُوفَان, [see صُوفَةٌ,] as resembling them in the devotion of themselves to religious exercises: or in relation to those called أَهْلُ الصُّفَّةِ, wherefore they are also called الصُّفِّيَّةُ: or in relation to الصُّوف [i. e. wool], which is proper to devotees and recluses: this last is the derivation commonly received. (TA.) صُوفَانِىٌّ; and its fem., with ة: see صَافٌ.

صُوَيْفَةٌ dim. of صُوفَةٌ, n. un. of صُوفٌ, q. v. (TA.) صَوَّافٌ A manufacturer of صُوف [or wool, or of woollen garments &c.]. (TA.) صَائِفٌ: see صَافٌ.

صَيِّفَةٌ, originally صَيْوِفَةٌ, A [garment of the kind called] جُبَّة having much صُوف [or wool]. (TA.) أَصْوَفُ: see صَافٌ.

بلق

1 بَلِقَ and بَلُقَ: see 9.

A2: بَلَقَ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (MSb, TA,) inf. n. بَلْقٌ, (TA,) He opened a door wholly: (JK, S, K:) or opened it vehemently: (K:) and ↓ ابلق signifies the same. (JK, S, K.) b2: And [hence,] He devirginated, or defloured, a girl. (AA, K.) A3: Also He shut, or closed, a door. (IF, K.) Thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) 4 ابلق He (a stallion) begot offspring such as are termed بُلْق [pl. of أَبْلَقُ, q. v.]. (Zj, K.) A2: See also 1.7 انبلق It (a door) became opened wholly: (JK, S, K:) or became opened with vehemence. (K.) 9 ابلقّ, inf. n. اِبْلِقَاقٌ; (IDrd, S, K;) and ↓ ابلاقّ, (IDrd, K,) inf. n. اِبْلِيقَاقٌ; (IDrd, TA;) and ↓ ابلولق, inf. n. اِبْلِيلَاقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ بَلِقَ, aor. ـَ (JK, K,) inf. n. بَلقٌ; (K, * TA; [accord. to the CK بَلقٌ, but this is a mistake;]) and ↓ بَلُقَ, aor. ـُ (K;) but IDrd asserts only the first and second of these verbs to be known; (TA;) He (a horse) was, or became, ابلق, i. e., black and white: (S, K:) or white in the kind legs as high as the thighs. (K.) 11 إِبْلَاْقَّ see 9.12 إِبْلَوْلَقَ see 9.

بَلَقٌ and ↓ بُلْقَةٌ, (S, K,) the former an inf. n. of بَلِقَ, (K, * TA,) Blackness and whiteness [together, generally in horses]: (S, K:) or the extension of whiteness in the hind legs of a horse as high as the thighs: (ISd, K:) and the latter, any colour with which white is mixed. (Golius on the authority of Meyd.) بُلْقَةٌ: see what next precedes.

بُلَيقٌ a contracted dim. of أَبْلَقُ. (TA.) بَلُّوقٌ: see what next follows.

بَلُّوقَةٌ, (JK, S, &c.,) [said to be] like عَجُوزَةٌ, (K,) [but this is wrong, and is probably a mistranscription, for عَجُّورَة, with teshdeed and the unpointed ر, n. un. of عَجُّور,] and with damm, [↓ بُلُّوقَةٌ,] (IDrd, K,) both mentioned by AA, (TA,) but more commonly with fet-h [to the بِ], (IDrd, TA,) A [desert such as is termed] مَفَازَة: (AA, S, K:) or a tract of sand that gives growth to nothing except the [plant or tree called] رُخَامَى, (As, K, * TA,) of which the [wild] bulls are fond, and the roots of which they dig up and eat: (TA:) or a wide tract of fertile land in which no one shares with thee: (Fr, TA:) or a hard place among sands, as though it were swept, asserted by the Arabs of the desert to be of the dwellingplaces of the Jinn: (Aboo-Kheyreh, TA:) or a desert land, destitute of vegetable produce and of water, or of human beings, inhabited by none but Jinn: (TA:) or a level, soft land: (K:) or a place in which no trees grow: (JK:) or white places in sand, which give growth to nothing: (ISh, TA in art. برص:) or a piece of ground differing in colour or appearance from that which is next to it, that produces nothing whatever: as also ↓ بَلُّوقٌ, like تَنُّورٌ: and, with the art. ال, particularly applied to a place in the district of ElBahreyn, asserted (as IDrd says, TA) to be of the dwelling-places of the Jinn: (K:) pl. بَلَالِيقُ; (JK, S, K;) which is syn. with مَوَامٍ (A 'Obeyd, S) and سَبَارِيتٌ, meaning lands wherein is nothing: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) in poetry, بَلَالِقُ occurs as its pl. (K, TA.) بُلُّوقَةٌ: see what next precedes.

أَبْلَقُ, applied to a horse, fem. بَلْقَآءُ, Black and white: (S, K:) or white in the hind legs as high as the thighs: (ISd, K:) pl. بُلْقٌ: which is applied by Ru-beh to mountains: but the Arabs apply the epithet ابلق to a beast of the equine kind, and أَبْرَقُ to a mountain (TA) and to a sheep or goat: (Lh, TA in art. برق:) the former is also applied to a rope. (JK.) طَلَبَ الأَبْلَقَ العَقُوقَ (which is a prov., TA) means He sought an impossible thing; because ابلق is applied to a male, and عقوق means pregnant: or الابلق العقوق means the dawn; because it breaks, (lit., cleaves,) from عَقَّهُ signifying شَقَّهُ. (K.)

بول

1 بَالَ, (T, S, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. بَوْلٌ (M, Msb) and مَبَالٌ, (Msb,) [He urined, discharged his urine, made water, or staled;] said of a man, (M, Msb,) and of a beast, (Msb,) &c. (M.) b2: [Hence,] بَالَ بَوْلًا شَرِيفًا فَاخِرًا (tropical:) He (a man) begat offspring resembling him (El-Mufaddal, T, TA) in form and natural dispositions. (El-Mufaddal, TA.) b3: A poet, using the verb metaphorically, says, بَالَ سُهَيْلٌ فِى الفَضِيخِ فَفَسَدْ (tropical:) [Canopus made water in the beverage prepared from unripe dates, and it became spoiled, or marred]: (M:) meaning, that when Canopus rises [aurorally, which it does, in central Arabia, early in August, the making of that beverage is stopped, for] the season of unripe dates has passed, and they have become ripe. (L in art. فضخ.) بَالَ سُهَيْلٌ is also a prov., said when winter has come. (MF in art. خرت.) [See سُهَيْلٌ.] b4: بَوْلٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The having vent, so as to flow forth: (K:) whence بَوَّالٌ as an epithet applied to a wine-skin: see this word below. (TA.) b5: and بَالَ (assumed tropical:) It melted, or dissolved: (K:) said of fat. (TA.) 2 بوّل أَصْلَ الشَّجَرَةِ (K in art. قزح) [He made water upon the root, or stem, of the tree: or] he put urine at the root of the tree to render its fruit abundant. (TK in that art.) 3 لَا أُبَاوِلُهُ, from البَالُ, I will not, or I do not, cause him, or it, to move, or occur to, my mind. (Z, TA in art. بلو. See لَا أُبَالِيهِ in that art.) 4 ابال الخَيْلِ, and ↓ استبالها, [He, or it, made, or caused, the horses to stale: or] he stopped the horses for the purpose of [their] staling. (TA.) One says, (in threatening, PS,) لَنُبِيلَنَّ الخَيْلَ فِى

عرَصَاتِكُمْ [We will assuredly make the horses to stale in your courts]. (S.) And it is said in a prov., أَحْمِرَةٌ ↓ بَالَ حِمَارٌ فَاسْتَبَالَ An ass staled, and caused some (other) asses to stale: applied to a case in which people help one another to do what is disagreeable. (Meyd.) 10 استبال He desired, or required, to make water. (KL.) b2: See also 4, in two places. b3: El-Farezdak says, وَ إِنَّ الَّذِى يَسْعَى لِيُفْسِدَ زَوْجَتِى

كَسَاعٍ إِلَى أُسْدِ الشَّرَى يَسْتَبِيلُهَا meaning [And verily he who strives to corrupt my wife is like one betaking himself to the lions of Esh-Sharà (a certain road abounding with those animals)] to receive their urine in his hand. (S.) بَالٌ A state, condition, or case; syn. حَالٌ (T, S, Msb, K) and شَأْنٌ: (T:) or a state, condition, or case, for which one cares; wherefore one says, مَا بَالَيْتُ بِكَذَا, inf. n. بَالَةٌ, meaning “ I cared not for such a thing: ” (TA:) or a thing [or things] for which one cares: (Har p. 94:) and البَالُ signifies also بَالُ النَّفْسِ, i. e. care, or concern; and hence is [said to be] derived بَالَيْتُ, having for its inf. n. بَالَةٌ. (T.) One says, مَا بَالُكَ What is thy state, or condition, or case? (S.) [See the Kur xii. 50 and xx. 53: and see an ex. in a verse cited in this Lex. voce

إِيهِ.] When it was said to a man, in former times, “ How hast thou entered upon the morning? ” he used to reply, بِخَيْرٍ أَصْلَحَ اللّٰهُ بَالَكُمْ [With good fortune: may God make good your state, or condition]. (Ham p. 77.) وَ يُصْلِحُ بَالَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 6], means And He will make good their state, or condition, in the present world: (I'Ab, T:) or their means of subsistence in the present world, together with their recompense in the world to come. (M.) One says also, هُوَ رَخِىُّ البَالِ He is in ample and easy circumstances (T, Msb) of life; (T;) he is not straitened in circumstances, nor troubled: (T:) or he is in an easy, or a pleasant, state or condition: (TA in art. رخو:) or he is easy, or unstraitened, in mind: (S:) [for] البَالُ, (T, M, K,) or رَخَآءُ البَالِ, (TA,) signifies ampleness and easiness of life: (T, M, K, TA:) or البال signifies an easy, or unstraitened, state of the mind. (S.) And هُوَ كَاسِفُ البَالِ He is in an evil state or condition: (TA:) or he is straitened in his hope, or expectation: for البال is said to signify hope, or expectation: (T:) so says El-Hawaázinee. (TA.) And لَيْسَ هٰذَا مِنْ بَالِى This is not of the things for which I care. (S.) And it is said in a trad., كُلُّ أَمْرٍ ذِى

بَالٍ لَمْ يُبْدَأْ فِيهِ بِحَمْدِ اللّٰهِ فَهُوَ أَبْتَرُ, i. e., Every honourable affair, for which one cares, and by which one is rendered solicitous, [in which a beginning is not made by praising God, is cut off from good, or prosperity:] or every affair of importance, or moment. (TA in two places in this art.) b2: Also The heart, or mind; syn. قَلْبٌ, (T, S, Msb, K,) and خَلَدٌ, (Ham pp. 76 and 77,) and نَفْسٌ, (Az, T,) and خَاطِرٌ. (M, K, Kull p. 179.) You say, خَطَرَ بِبَالِى, (Msb, Kull ubi suprà,) and عَلَى بَالِى, (Kull ibid.,) i. e., [It (an affair, or a thing, Kull) occurred to, or bestirred itself in, or moved,] my heart, or mind. (Msb, Kull.) And لَمْ يَخْطُرْ بِبَالِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرُ, i. e., [That affair did not occur to, or] did not move me, or distress me. (T.) And مَا يَخْطُرُ فُلَانٌ بِبَالِى, i. e. [Such a one does not occur to, or move,] my heart, or mind. (S.) b3: [And hence, Mind, or attention. You say, أَعْطِنِى بَالَكَ Give me thy mind, or attention. And] لَا أُلْقِى إِلَيْهِ بَالًا [I will not, or I do not, give, or pay, any attention to him, or it]. (Z, TA in art. بلو.) A2: [The whale;] a great fish, (S, K,) of the fish of the بَحْر [here meaning sea]; (S;) a certain bulky fish, called جَمَلُ البَحْرُ; (M;) it is a fish fifty cubits long: (MF:) [Kzw describes it as being from four hundred to five hundred cubits in length, and says that it sometimes shows the extremity of its fin, like a great sail, and its head also, and blows forth water rising into the air higher than an arrow can be shot: these and other exaggerated particulars he mentions in his account of the Sea of the Zenj: and in a later place he says, that it eats ambergris, and dies in consequence; and a great quantity of oil is procured from its brain, and used for lamps:] the word [in this sense] is not Arabic: (S:) in the O it is said to be arabicized, from [the Persian] وَالْ. (TA.) A3: The spade (مَرّ [in the CK erroneously written مُرّ]) with which one works in land of seed-produce. (M, K.) A4: See also بَالَةٌ, in three places.

بَوْلٌ, originally an inf. n., (Msb,) [Urine; stale:] pl. أَبْوَالٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: أَبْوَالُ البِغَالِ The seminal fluid of mules. (As, TA.) and hence, as being likened thereto, because it is fruitless, (As, TA,) (assumed tropical:) The سَرَاب [or mirage: in the CK الشَّرابُ]. (As, K, TA.) It is also applied to the road of El-Yemen, which is not travelled but by mules: see also art. بغل. (TA.) b3: بَوْلُ العَجُوزِ (assumed tropical:) Cow's milk. (TA.) b4: بَوْلٌ signifies also (tropical:) Offspring. (M, K, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) A large number. (K, TA.) b6: See also أَبْوَلُ.

بَالَةٌ A [flask, or bottle, such as is called] قَارُورَة: (M, K:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ بَالٌ. (TA.) b2: A [bag such as is called] جِرَاب, (T,M, K,) small and large, in which mush is put: (T:) or (M [in the K “ and ”]) the receptacle of perfume: (S, M, K:) a Persian word, (S, M,) arabicized; (S;) in Persian بِيْلَه, (T, S, M,) or بَالَه: (M:) pl. [or coll. gen. n.] ↓ بَالٌ. (T.) b3: It is said to signify also An odour; a smell; (T;) on the authority of Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer; (TA;) from بَلَوْتُهُ meaning “ I smelled it, and tried, proved, or tested, it; ” originally بَلْوَةٌ; the و being transposed, and changed into ا. (T.) b4: And A staff with a pointed iron at the end, used by the hunters of El-Basrah, who throw it at the game: pl. [or coll. gen. n.] ↓ بَالٌ. (T, TA.) b5: And hence it is applied by the vulgar to A small elongated sword. (TA.) A2: It is also an inf. n. of بَالَى, which see in its proper art. (TK.) بَوْلَةٌ The origin (مَنْبِت [so in copies of the K accord. to the TA)] or daughter (بِنْت [so in some copies of the K]) of a man; (K;) on the authority of El-Mufaddal. (TA.) بِيلَةٌ a subst. from بَالَ, (S, M, K,) [meaning A discharging of urine, making water, or staling: or a mode, or manner, thereof; as appears probable from its form, and from J's adding that it is] like جِلْسَةٌ and رِكْبَةٌ; (S;) [and also from the following phrase:] إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ البِيلَةِ [Verily he is one who has a good mode of discharging his urine]; from البَوْلُ. (M.) بُوَلَةٌ That discharges much urine; syn. كَثِيرُ البَوْلِ; (M, K;) applied to a man; (M;) and so ↓ بَوَّالٌ applied to a camel. (TA.) بَوَالٌ A disease occasioning much, or frequent, بَوْل [or discharging of urine]: (M, K:) a disease that attacks sheep, or goats, such that they discharge urine until they die. (Ham p. 77.) Yousay, أَخَذَهُ بُوَالٌ He was taken with much, or frequent, بَوْل [or discharging of urine]. (S.) بَوَّالٌ: see بُوَلَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A wine-skin from which the wine runs out. (TA.) b3: And شَحْمَةٌ بَوَّالَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A piece of fat that quickly melts or dissolves. (IAar, TA.) أَبْوَلُ مِنْ كَلْبٍ More frequent in making water than a dog: or it may mean more abundant in offspring. (Meyd. [Freytag adds, in his Arab. Prov. i. 199, on the authority of Sharaf-ed-Deen, that ↓ بول (i. e. بَوْلٌ) may signify urine or coitus or offspring.]) مَبَالٌ [The place of urine, or of the urinary discharge; meaning] the فَرْج [or pudendum of a man and of a woman]: whence the phrase, مَبَالٌ, فِى مَبَالٍ occurring in a trad. (TA,) مَبْوَلَةٌ [A diuretic; a provocative of urine]. You say, كَثْرَةُ الشَّرَابِ مَبْوَلَةٌ, (S, K, *) i. e., Much beverage occasions a discharging of urine. (TA.) مِبْوَلَةٌ [A urinal;] a vessel (كُوز) in which one makes water. (S, K,*)

رث

ى1 رَثَيْتُ المَيِّتَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (Msb,) inf. n. مَرْثِيَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and مَرْثَاةٌ and رِثَايَةٌ and رِثَآءٌ and رَثْىٌ; (M, K;) and رَثَوْتُهُ; (S, M in art. رثو, * and K;) I wept for, or over, [or bewailed,] the dead man, and [eulogized him, or] enumerated his good qualities or actions; (S, K;) as also ↓ رَثَّيْتُيهُ, inf. n. تَرْثِيَةٌ; and ↓ تَرَثَّيْتُهُ: (K:) and also I composed verses on the dead man; (S, K;) [composed an elegy, a dirge, or an epicedium, on him;] eulogized him in verse: (TA:) or I eulogized the dead man, and wept for him or over him; as also ↓ رَثَّيْتُهُ: (M:) or, accord. to Lth, رَثَى فُلَانًا, aor. ـْ inf. n. رَثْىٌ and مَرْثِيَةٌ, signifies he wept for, or over, such a one after his death; and ↓ رثّاهُ, inf. n. ترْثِيَةٌ, he eulogized him after his death: (T:) or رَثَيْتُ المَيِّتَ and لَهُ ↓ تَرَثَّيْتُ signify I felt, or expressed, pity, or compassion, for the dead man. (Msb. [See also رَثَى لَهُ, in what follows.]) You say also, رَثَتِ المَرْأَةُ زَوْجَهَا, (IAar, T,) or بَعْلَهَا, (M,) aor. ـْ (IAar, T, M) and تَرْثُوهُ, (IAar, T, and M in art. رثو,) inf. n. رِثَايَةٌ [&c.]; (T;) and رَثِيَتْهُ, aor. ـْ inf. n. رثَايَةٌ [&c.]; (Lh, M;) and ↓ تَرَثَّتْهُ; (M;) [The woman wept for, or over, her husband, &c, he being dead:] and ISk mentions an Arab woman's saying رَثَأْتُ زَوْجِى بِأَبْيَاتٍ; pronouncing the verb with ء (S. [See 1 (last sentence) in art. رثأ.]) And you say, رَثَى لَهُ He was, or became, tender, pitiful, or compassionate, towards him. (S, M, K.) And مَا يَرْثِى فُلَانٌ لِى Such a one does not lament, complain, or express pain or grief, for me; nor does he care for me: and إِنِّى لَا أَرْثِى لَهُ [Verily I do not lament, &c., for him], inf. n. مَرْثَاةٌ and رَثْىٌ. (T.) b2: رَثَيْتُ عَنْهُ حَدِيثًا, (AA, Lh, T, S, M, K,) aor. ـْ inf. n. رِثَايَةٌ, (AA, T, S, K,) I mentioned a story, or tradition, received from him: (AA, T, S, K:) and (K) I retained in my memory a story, or tradition, received from him: (Lh, M, K:) but the phrase that is well known is نَثَيْتُ عَنْهُ خَبَرًا, meaning “ I bore information, or tidings, from him: ” (M:) and رَثَوْتُ عَنْهُ حَدِيثًا also has the second of these meanings; (M and K * in art. رثو;) or the first of them: (K in that art.:) but the phrase that is well known is نَثَوْتُ عَنْهُ خَبَرًا: (M in that art.:) accord. to E-'Okeylee, you say, رَثَوْنَا بَيْنَنَا حَدِيثًا and رَثَيْنَاهُ [i. e. We mentioned among us a story, or tradition]; and تَنَاثَيْنَاهُ means the like thereof. (T.) A2: رَثِىَ, (IAar, M, K, [and accord. to the TA, رُثِىَ, but it appears from the context that this is taken from a copy of the M, and is wrong,]) inf. n. رَثْىٌ, by rule رَثًى, (IAar, M,) He was, or became, affected with what is termed رَثْيَةٌ, (IAar, M, K,) in all the senses of this word. (K.) A3: [A meaning assigned to رَثَا by Golius belongs to رَثَأَ, q. v.]2 رَثَّىَ see 1, in three places.5 تَرَثَّىَ see 1, in three places.8 ارتثى. The meanings assigned to this verb by Golius belong to ارتثأ, q. v.]

رَثْيَةٌ A pain in the knees and [other] joints: (S:) or a pain in the joints, and in the arms and legs, or hands and feet, or fore and hind legs: (M, K:) or a swelling, (M, K,) and a [malady such as is termed] ظُلَاع, (M,) in the legs of a beast: (M, K:) or anything that prevents a person from rising and going away, or going quickly, occasioned by old age or pain: (M, K, * TA: الاِلْتِفَات in the K is a mistake for الاِنْبِعَاث: TA:) pl. رَثَيَاتٌ. (S.) b2: Also, and ↓ رَثِيَّةٌ, Weakness. (Th, M, K. [او ضَعْفٍ in the CK is a mistake for وَالضَّعْفُ.]) b3: And Foolishness, or stupidity. (Th, M, K.) And you say, فِى أَمْرِهِ رَثْيَةٌ In his affair is a flagging, or remissness, or languor. (M.) رَثِيَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَثَّآءَةٌ and ↓ رَثَّايَةٌ, epithets applied to a woman, (T, S, K,) Who wails much (T, * K, TA) for her husband: or who weeps much for, or over, another, of those whom she holds in honour. (TA.) رَثَّايَةٌ: see what next precedes.

أَرْثَى A man who does not perform an affair firmly, soundly, or thoroughly, (M, K, TA,) by reason of his weakness. (TA.) مَرْثَاةٌ (M, K) and ↓ مَرْثِيَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) [see 1: used as simple substs., A lamentation for one dead; an elegy; a dirge; an epicedium: pl. مِرَاثٍ].

مَرْثِيَةٌ: see what next precedes.

بذو

1 بَذُوَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـْ (T, S,) inf. n. بَذَآءٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and بَذَآءَةٌ, (K,) or the latter is the original form, but the ة is elided, as in جَمَالٌ, inf. n. of جَمُلَ, (S,) or بَذَآءَةٌ is an inf. n. of the verb with ء, but that of بذو is بَذَآءٌ; (IB;) and some say, بَذِىَ, (T,) which is a dial. var. of the former, (Msb,) aor. ـْ inf. n. بَذَآءٌ; (T in art. بذأ;) He (a man) was, or became, foul, unseemly, or obscene [in tongue]; (T, S, M, K;) evil in speech; (T in art. بذأ;) as also بَذُؤَ, (T, M, K, in that art.,) and بَذَأَ, (Msb and K in art. بذأ,) and بَذِئَ: (K in that art.:) and ↓ ابذى he uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene, speech or language. (TA.) And بَذَوْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, (S, M, Msb, * K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَذَآءٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ أَبْذَيْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ, (S, Msb, *) or أَبْذَيْتُهُمْ, (M, IB, K,) or both, (TA,) I uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene, language against the people, or company of men: (S, M, K, TA:) or behaved in a lightwitted, weak, stupid, or foolish, manner, or ignorantly, towards them; and uttered foul, unseemly, or obscene, language against them; and so though with truth. (Msb.) And بَذَا also signifies He (a man) was, or became, evil in disposition. (TA.) 3 باذي, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُبَاذَاةٌ, (TA,) [He vied with another, or strove to surpass him, in foul, unseemly, or obscene, speech or language: or he held such discourse with another:] the inf. n. is syn. with مُفَاحَشَةٌ. (TA.) 4 أَبْذَوَ see 1, in two places.

بَذَآءٌ [inf. n. of 1, used as a subst,] Foul, unseemly, or obscene, speech or language. (S, M, K.) بَذِىٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) or بَذِىٌ اللِّسَانِ, (S,) A man foul, unseemly, or obscene, in tongue: (T, S, M, * K: *) or lightwitted, weak, stupid, or ignorant, in behaviour; and foul, unseemly, or obscene, in speech; and so though speaking truth: (Msb:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb:) and pl. أَبْذِيَآءُ. (T.)

دف

1 دَفَّ, (M, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (T, M, TA,) or ـُ (Msb, [but this is a deviation from a general rule, and is probably a mistake,]) inf. n. دَفِيفٌ (Lth, T, S, M, Msb) and دَفٌّ; (M, TA;) and ↓ ادفّ; (Ibn-' Abbád, M, Msb, K;) said of a bird, (Lth, T, S, &c.,) It beat its sides (دَفَّيْهِ, i. e., Msb, جَنْبَيْهِ, M, Msb) with its wings: (M, Msb:) this is what is meant by the following explanation: (Msb:) it moved [or flapped] its wings (Msb, K) for its flight, (Msb,) as the pigeon (K) and the like: (TA:) and it went [or flew] along a little above the ground: (S, K:) or it moved [or flapped] its wings, with its feet upon the ground, (Lth, T, M, K,) flying, and then rose; (Lth, T;) and in like manner ↓ دَفْدَفَ and ↓ استدفّ: (K:) [or] دفّ and ↓ ادفّ signify also it (a bird) went along quickly, with its feet upon the ground, and then raised itself flying. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., يُؤْكَلُ مَا دَفَّ وَلَا ُؤْكَلُ مَا صَفَّ, (K, * TA,) i. e. What moves [or flaps] its wings [in flying], as the pigeon (K, TA) and the like, (TA,) may be eaten; but [what skims along without flapping,] such as vultures (K, TA) and hawks and the like, (TA,) may not be eaten. (K, * TA.) [But] دَفَّ, aor. ـِ said of an eagle, signifies It approached, or was near to, the ground in its flying. (T.) b2: And, دَفَّ, aor. ـِ (M, Msb,) inf. n. دَفِيفٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and دَفٌّ, (K,) He, or it, (said of a camel, K, TA, and of a bird, TA, or of a party of men, Msb,) went a gentle pace; (S, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ دَفْدَفَ. (IAar, TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh uses it metaphorically in relation to الدَّبَرَانِ [the asterism of the Hyades, or α of Taurus], describing الثُّرَيَّا [the Pleiades]; saying, يَدِفُّ عَلَىآثَارِهَا دَبَرَانُهَا فَلَا هُوَ مَسْبُوقٌ وَلَا هُوَ يَلْحَقُ

[Their Debarán goes along gently near after them, so that it is not outstripped, nor does it overtake]. (M.) [And ↓ تَدَافَّ, accord. to ISd, seems to signify nearly the same: for it is immediately added in the M,] in the saying, إِلَيْكَ أَشْكُو مَشْيَهَا تَدَافِيَا مَشْىَ العَجُوزِ تَنْقُلُ الأَثَافِيَا [app. complaining, to God, of the slowness of his she-camel, as though meaning To Thee I complain of her pressing on slowly and laboriously, like the gait of the old woman removing the three stones for the support of the cooking-pot], the poet means تَدَافُفًا. (M. [But I rather think that the meaning here intended is, going along with an inclining from side to side; perhaps from دَفٌّ signifying the “ side. ” See also 6 in art. دفو.]) One says also, الجَيْشُ يَدِفُّونَ نَحْوَ العَدُوِّ The troops go gently, or leisurely, towards the enemy. (S.) And دَفَّتْ عَلَيْنَا مِنْ بَنِى فُلَانٍ

↓ دَافَّةٌ [A company coming gently, or leisurely, of the sons of such a one, so came to us]. (S.) And مِنَ الأَعْرَابِ ↓ دَفَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ دَافَّةٌ A company of Arabs of the desert journeying leisurely in search of herbage and sustenance [so] came to them. (Z, TA.) And هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَدِفُّونَ, inf. n. دَفِيفٌ, They are a party journeying together not a hard pace. (AA, T.) And دَفَّ عَلَى وَجْهِ الأَرْضِ (IAar, T, TA,) inf. n. دَفٌّ, (K, TA,) He went lightly upon the ground; (K, * TA;) and ذَفَّ signifies the same. (IAar, T.) And دَفِيفٌ also signifies The act of running. (T.) b3: Also دَفُّوا, aor. ـِ [app. They journeyed to a region of green herbage and waters in consequence of drought: (see دَافَّةٌ:) and hence,] they had rain after experiencing drought. (M.) b4: See also 10, in two places.

A2: See also 3.

A3: دَفَّ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. دَفٌّ, (Sgh, K,) He uprooted the thing; extirpated it. (Sgh, K.) 2 دفّف, inf. n. تَدْفِيفٌ, He hastened, sped, or went quickly; (K;) as also ↓ دَفْدَفَ. (IAar, K.) A2: See also 3, in two places.3 دافّهُ, (T, S, M, Msb, K,) and دافّ عَلَيْهِ, (TA,) inf. n. مُدَافَّةٌ and دِفَافٌ; (T, S, M, Msb;) as also دَافَاهُ, which is of the dial. of Juheyneh, (T, M,) altered from the former, (M,) and ذافّهُ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ دفّفهُ, (K,) or عَلَيْهِ ↓ دفّف, (M, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَدْفِيفٌ; (Msb;) as also ذفّف عليه; (T, M;) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ دَفّ, aor. ـُ [or, accord. to rule, دَفِّ]; (Msb;) [as also ذَفَّ عليه;] namely, a man, (S,) a captive, (T, S,) or a wounded man, (M,) He despatched him; i. e. hastened and completed his slaughter; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) or wounded him so as to hasten his death. (Msb.) 4 ادفّ: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: أَدَفّتْ عَيْهِ الأُمُورُ The events came upon him consecutively, or uninterruptedly. (Sgh, K.) 6 تدافّ القَوْمُ The party, or company of men, bore, or pressed, or crowded, one upon another. (As, A 'Obeyd, T, S, M, K. *) b2: See also 1.10 استدفّ: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also It (a thing, M) was, or became, prepared, (Az, T, M,) within one's power or reach, (S, M, K,) and easy; (S, K;) like استطفّ, the د being substituted for ط; (S;) [as also استذفّ;] and so ↓ دَفَّ, (T, M,) aor. ـِ (M;) [as also ذَفَّ.] Yousay, خُذْ َا اسْتَدَفَّ لَكَ, (Az, T, S, K,) and ما لك ↓ دَفَّ, (Az, T,) Take thou what is prepared for thee; (Az, T;) what is within thy power or reach, and easy to thee. (S, K.) b3: And It (an affair, or a thing,) was, or became, rightly disposed or arranged; in a right state; (S, K;) or complete, (S, Msb,) and in a right state: (S:) and استذفّ signifies the same. (IKtt, IB, TA.) b4: استدفّ بِالمُوسَى (tropical:) He shaved his pubes with the razor, (K, * TA,) and did so utterly; occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) R. Q. 1 دَفْدَفَ: see 1, in two places: b2: and see also 2. b3: [The inf. n.] دَفْدَفَةٌ signifies [also] The beating a دُفّ [or tambourine] hastily [or quickly]. (M, TA.) دَفٌّ The side, syn. جَنْبٌ, (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of anything, (Lth, T, M, Msb, K,) for instance, of a bird, (Msb,) and of a camel; (S;) as also ↓ دَفَّةٌ: (Lth, T, Mgh, Msb:) or the surface (صَفْحَة) of the side; (M, K;) as also ↓ دَفَّةٌ: (K:) pl. دُفُوفٌ. (T, M, Msb.) Hence, أَصْبَرُ مِنْ عَوْدٍ بِدَفَّيْهِ جُلَبْ [More enduring than an old camel in whose sides are scabs formed over wounds: a prov.]. (TA. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 737.]) and ↓ بَاتَ يَقَّلَبُ عَلَى دَفَّتَيْهِ [and دَفّيْهِ, i. e. He passed the night turning over and over upon his sides]. (TA.) The saying of' Antarah, describing his she-camel, وَكَأَنَّمَا تَنْأَى بِجَانِبِ دَفِّهَا الْ ??

?? وَحْشِىِّ مِنْ هَزِجِ العَشِىِّ مُؤَوَّمِ means And as though she were shrinking from the quarter of her off side, بِ being here used in the sense of عَنْ, from a creature that cries for food at supper-time; meaning a cat, of ugly form and big head, fearing to be scratched by it: as J says, [in art. وحش,] she shrinks with her off side because the rider's whip is in his right hand: (EM p. 233:) [or the meaning is, as though she were shrinking with the outside of her off side; lit, with the side of her off side; for, accord. to ISd,] this is an instance of the prefixing of a noun to another identical therewith [in signification]. (M.) [Hence also,] رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِذَاتِ الدَّفِّ i. e. ذات الجَنْبِ [May God smite him with the pleurisy] (TA.) b2: b3: Also A bank; an acclivity; or a part that faces one, above the foot or base; of sand; and of land or ground: (K:) accord. to En-Nadr, [the pl.] دُفُوفٌ signifies banks; acclivities; or parts that face one, above the foot or base; of land or ground; (T, TA;) as also دَفَادِفُ, of which the sing. is ↓ دَفْدَفَةٌ: (T, K:) accord. to Z, the دُفُوف of valleys are the elevated parts of the sides. (TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph. b5: And دَفَّةٌ.

دُفٌّ and ↓ دَفٌّ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) the former the more approved, (K,) the latter mentioned by A 'Obeyd, (S,) [and now the more common, A tambourine;] a certain thing with which one beats, (M, K,) or with which women beat, (S,) or with which one plays; (Mgh, Msb;) of two kinds; round; [such as is figured, under the name of “ tár ” (طار), in chap. xviii. of my work on the Modern Egyptians, with several pairs of tinkling plates of brass in apertures in the hoop, and sometimes, as in the kind used by hired wailing-women, without those tinkling plates;] and four-sided: [the latter seems to be only for amusement; for] it is said that the foursided is unlawful; but there is no harm in selling the round: (Mgh:) pl. دُفُوفٌ. (M, Msb, K.) دَفَّةٌ: see دَفٌّ, in three places. b2: [Hence,] دَفَّتَا السَّرْجِ (assumed tropical:) [The two side-boards of the horse's saddle;] the two boards that lie against the two sides of the beast; (Mgh;) or the two sides [or boards] of the horse's saddle, that embrace it between them: [see قَرَبُوسٌ:] and so دَفَّتَا الرَّحْلِ (assumed tropical:) the two sides &c. of the camel's saddle. (M.) And in like manner, (M,) دَفإَتَا المُصْحَفِ (tropical:) The two sides [or boards] of the book; (M, TA;) the two things that embrace the book between them; (T, M, Mgh, K, * TA;) the two faces, that are on the two sides, of the book. (Msb.) One says, حَفِظَ مَا بَيْنَ الدَّفَّتَيْنِ (tropical:) [He retained in his memory, or got by heart, what is between the two boards, meaning the whole contents, of the book]. (TA.) [دَفَّةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A board in a general sense; and so ↓ دَفٌّ. And hence, (assumed tropical:) A rudder.] And دَفَّةُ الطَّبْلِ (assumed tropical:) The thing [or piece of skin] that is upon the head of the drum: (so in a copy of the M:) or دَفَّتَا الطَّبْلِ (tropical:) the two things, (T, K,) i. e. the two pieces of skin, (TA,) that are upon the head [or rather upon the two extremities] of the [common cylindrical] drum. (T, K, TA.) One says, ضَرَبَ دَفَّتِى الطَّبْلِ (tropical:) [He beat the two skins of the drum]. (TA.) دَفُوفٌ An eagle approaching the ground (S, K) in its flight (S) when making a stoop: (S, K:) or flying swiftly. (Skr, TA.) دُفُــوفِىٌّ [rel. n. from دُفُوفٌ pl. of دُفٌّ and دَفٌّ; app. meaning A seller, or, like مُدَفِّفٌ, a maker, of tambourines]. (K: there mentioned as an appellation of a certain man.) دَفَّافٌ An owner of tambourines (دُفُوف). (M, TA.) [And] A beater of the tambourine (دُفّ); (MA;) [and] so ↓ مُدَفْدِفٌ. (M.) A2: دَفَّافَةٌ: see دَافٌّ.

دَفْدَفَةٌ: see دَفٌّ, near the end of the paragraph.

A2: [It is also the inf. n. of R. Q. 1, q. v.]

دَافٌّ [originally دَافِفٌ, act. part. n. of دَفَّ, q. v.,] is opposed to صَافٌّ, which signifies “ spreading its wings and not moving [or flapping] them ” [in its flight]. (M, TA.) A rájiz, (M,) Ru-beh, (T,) [for the sake of rhyme], uses دَافِى for دَافِفُ. (T, M.) b2: جَمَاعَةٌ دَافَّةٌ A company of men going a gentle pace: (Msb:) and دَافَّةٌ [alone] a party journeying together not a hard pace: (AA, T:) an army going gently, or leisurely, towards the enemy: (S, K: *) a company of men coming from one country or town to another: (IDrd, M:) a party going to a great town or city: (TA:) a company of men journeying leisurely (يَدِفُّونَ) in search of herbage and sustenance: (Z, TA:) a party of the people of the desert journeying to a region of green herbage and waters in consequence of drought: and [hence] a party having rain after experiencing drought; as also ↓ دَفَّافَةٌ. (M.) See 1, in two places.

مُدَفِّفٌ A maker of دُفُوف [or tambourines]. (M. [See also دُفُــوفِىٌّ.]) A2: سَنَامٌ مُدَفِّفٌ A camel's hump that falls [or hangs] down upon his sides. (S, Sgh, K.) مُدَفْدِفٌ: see دَفَّافٌ.

ضمن

1 ضَمِنَ الشَّىْءَ, (IAar, S, K,) or المَالَ, (Mgh, Msb,) and ضَمِنَ بِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ضَمَانٌ (IAar, S, Msb, K) and ضَمْنٌ, (K,) He was, or became, responsible, answerable, accountable, amenable, surety, or guarantee, (S, Mgh, K,) for the thing, (S, K,) or for the property: (Mgh:) or he made himself responsible, &c., for it; syn. اِلْتَزَمَهُ; (Msb;) and so, in this sense, ↓ تضمّنهُ, (S, * K,) quasi-pass. of ضَمَّنَهُ: (S, K:) [as though he had it within his grasp, or in his possession; for] the primary signification of الضَّمَانُ is التَّحْصِيلُ: (Msb:) some of the lawyers say that it is from الضَّمُّ; but this is a mistake; (Msb, TA;) for the ن is radical. (Msb.) And ضَمِنَ لَهُ كَذَا He was, or became, responsible, &c., to him for such a thing. (MA.) And ضَمِنَ المَالَ مِنْهَ He was, or became, responsible, &c., to him for the property [received from him]. (Mgh.) b2: See also 5, in four places. b3: ضَمِنَهُ signifies also (assumed tropical:) He learned it; acquired a knowledge of it. (TA.) A2: And ضَمِنَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ضَمَنٌ, (S, Msb, K, *) (assumed tropical:) He (a man, S) had, or was affected with, a malady of long continuance, or such as crippled him; (S, Msb, K;) was afflicted in his body (S, * K, TA) by some trial, or fracture, or other ailment. (S, * TA.) And ضَمِنَتْ يَدُهُ, inf. n. ضَمَانَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) His arm, or hand, was affected with a malady of long continuance, or such as crippled. (Fr, TA.) 2 ضمّنهُ الشَّىْءَ, (S, MA, K,) or المَالَ, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. تَضْمِينٌ, (S,) He made him to be responsible, answerable, accountable, amenable, surety, or guarantee, (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) for the thing, (S, MA, K,) or for the property. (Mgh, Msb.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce مُعَبَّدٌ.] b2: ضَمَّنْتُ الشَّىْءَ كَذَا I made the thing to comprise, comprehend, or contain, such a thing. (Msb.) Hence, ضَمَّنَ اللّٰهُ أَصْلَابَ الفُحُولِ النَّسْلَ [God has made the loins of the stallions to comprise, in the elemental state, the progeny]. (Msb.) And ضمّنهُ الوِعَآءَ He put it (i. e. anything) into the receptacle. (S, K.) And ضمّن المَيِّتَ القَبْرَ He deposited the dead body in the grave. (TA.) And ضمّن الكِتَابَ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He made the writing to comprise, or include, such a thing. (MA.) [And ضمّن الكَلَامَ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He made, or held, the sentence, or speech, or phrase, to imply such a thing. And ضمّن الكَلِمَةَ مَعْنَى كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He made the word to imply or import, such a meaning.] b3: التَّضْمِينُ as a conventional term of those who treat of elegance of speech is (assumed tropical:) The making poetry to comprise a verse [of another poet]: (TA:) or the introducing into poetry a hemistich, or a verse, or two verses, of another poet, to complete the meaning intended, and for the purpose of corroborating the meaning, on the condition of notifying it as borrowed, beforehand, or of its being well known, so that the hearer will not imagine it to be stolen: and if it is a hemistich, or less than that, it is termed رَفْوٌ. (Har p. 267.) and as a conventional term of those who treat of versification, (assumed tropical:) The making a verse to be not complete otherwise than with what follows it. (TA.) 5 تَضَمَّنَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تضمّن الشَّىْءُ كَذَا The thing comprised, comprehended, or contained, such a thing. (Msb.) Hence, تَضَمَّنَتْ أَصْلَابُ الفُحُولِ النَّسْلَ and ↓ ضَمِنَتْهُ [The loins of the stallions comprised, in the elemental state, the progeny]. (Msb.) And تضمّن القَبْرُ المَيِّتَ The grave had the dead body deposited in it. (TA.) and تضمّن الكِتَابُ كَذَا [and ↓ ضَمِنَهُ] (assumed tropical:) The writing comprised, or included, such a thing. (S, MA, K.) And تضمّن الكَلَامُ كَذَا [and ↓ ضَمِنَهُ, as is indicated in the first sentence of this art.,] (assumed tropical:) The sentence, or speech, or phrase, comprehended, or comprised, within its scope, [or implied,] such a thing; syn. حَصَّلَهُ. (Msb.) [And تَضَمَّنَتِ الكَلِمَةُ مَعْنَى كَذَا and ↓ ضَمِنَتْهُ (assumed tropical:) The word implied such a meaning.]

ضِمْنٌ (tropical:) The طَىّ, (S, MA, K,) i. e. the inside, (MA, TK,) [lit. the folding,] of a writing, or letter. (S, MA, K, TA.) You say, أَنْفَذْتُهُ ضِمْنَ كِتَابِى i. e. فِى طَيِّهِ (tropical:) [I sent it, or transmitted it, within the folding of my writing or letter; mean-ing infolded, or enclosed, in it; included in it; or in the inside of it]. (S, TA.) And فِى ضِمْنِ كَلَامِهِ [and كِتَابِهِ] means (assumed tropical:) Among the contents, or implications, of his speech [and of his writing or letter] (فى مَطَاوِيهِ); and the indications thereof. (Msb.) A2: A thing that satisfies the stomach: thus, مَا أَغْنَى عَنِّى فُلَانٌ ضِمْنًا meansSuch a one did not stand me in stead, or supply my want, of anything, even as much as a thing that would satisfy the stomach. (IAar, TA.) ضَمَنٌ (S, K) and ↓ ضَمَانٌ and ↓ ضَمَانَةٌ (S, Msb, K) (tropical:) A malady of long continuance, or such as cripples; (S, Msb, K, TA;) an affliction in the body, (S, * K, TA,) by some trial, or fracture, or other ailment; (S, TA;) and ↓ ضُمْنَةٌ signifies the same; (K;) and [simply] a disease, or malady; (S, K;) as in the saying, كَانَتْ ضُمْنَةُ فُلَانٍ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ (tropical:) [The disease of such a one was four months in duration]. (S, TA.) [See also 1, last two sentences.] b2: ضَمَنٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A burden; syn. كَلٌّ: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ ضَمَنٌ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ [Such a one is a burden upon his companions]. (Az, TA.) A2: It is also an epithet: see the next pargaraph.

ضَمِنٌ (applied to a man, S) (assumed tropical:) Affected with a malady of long continuance, or such as cripples; (S, Msb, K, TA;) afflicted in the body, (S, * K, TA,) by some trial, or fracture, or other ailment: (S, TA:) and ↓ ضَمَنٌ signifies [the same; or simply] affected with a disease, or malady; applied to a man [and to two and more and to a female; being originally an inf. n.]; having no dual nor pl. nor fem. form: (TA:) pl. of the former ضَمْنَى (S, * Msb, K, * TA) and ضَمِنُونَ, or the former of these is pl. of ↓ ضَمِينٌ [which signifies the same as ضَمِنٌ]. (TA.) اِكْتَتَبَ ضَمِنًا [in the CK ضَمَنًا] means (assumed tropical:) He wrote himself down [as one affected with a malady of long continuance, &c., or] in the register of the ضَمْنَى, i. e. the زَمْنَى; (S, K, TA;) i. e. he asked that he might write himself down [as such], and took for himself a billet from the commander of the army in order to excuse himself from fighting against the unbelievers: (TA:) of such it is said that God will raise him in that state on the day of resurrection. (S, TA.) مَعْبُوطَةٌ غَيْرُ ضَمِنَةٍ, occurring in a trad., means Slaughtered not having any disease. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) [Loving: (See ضَمَانَةٌ:) or] loving excessively, or admiringly. (K, TA.) ضُمْنَةٌ: see ضَمَنٌ.

ضَمَانٌ an inf. n.: [see 1, first sentence:] (IAar, S, Msb, K:) [used as a simple subst.,] Responsibility, answerableness, accountability, amenability, suretiship, or guaranteeship; syn. كَفَالَةٌ: (Mgh:) but it is more common [in signification] than كَفَالَةٌ; for it sometimes signifies what is not كَفَالَةٌ, namely, [indemnification; or] restoration of the like, or of the value, of a thing that has perished. (Kull.) [ضَمَانُ مَالٍ, and غُرْمٍ, signify Responsibility, &c., for property, and for a debt, owed by another person. And ضَمَانُ نَفْسٍ, and حُضورٍ, signify Responsibility, &c., for the appearance, or presence, of another person, to answer a suit.] ضُمَان دَرَك is a vulgar phrase; correctly ضَمَانُ الدَّرَكِ [expl. in art. درك]. (TA.) A2: See also ضَمَنٌ.

ضَمِينٌ: see ضامِنٌ: A2: and see also ضَمِنٌ.

ضَمَانَةٌ: see ضَمَنٌ. b2: Also (tropical:) Love: (K, TA:) [or] excessive, or admiring, love. (TA.) ضَامِنٌ and ↓ ضَمِينٌ One who is responsible, answerable, accountable, amenable, surety, or guarantee: (S, Msb, K:) both are mentioned by IAar as syn., like سَامِنٌ and سَمِينٌ. (TA.) God is represented by the Prophet as saying, مَنْ خَرَجَ مُجَاهِدًا فِى سَبِيلِى وَابْتِغَآءِ مَرْضَاتِى فَأَنَا عَلَيْهِ ضَامِنٌ وَهُوَ عَلَىَّ ضَامِنٌ, meaning [Whoso goes forth as a warrior in my cause, and seeking, or seeking earnestly, to obtain my approval,] I am responsible to him for what I have promised him, to recompense him living and dead; ضامن being made trans. by means of على because it implies the meaning of مُحَامٍ and رَقِيبٌ; and the last clause means nearly the same, but is rendered as meaning and he is one who has [a claim to] responsibility on my part, as though care and mindfulness [of him] were obligatory on me. (Mgh.) And it is said in a trad., الإِمَامُ ضَامِنٌ وَالمُؤَذِّنُ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: (Mgh, JM, * TA:) [the latter clause has been expl. in art. أمن (voce أَمِينٌ):] the former clause means, The imám [or leader of prayer] is as though he were responsible for the correctness of the prayer of those who follow him: (JM, TA: [and the like is said, with other, similar, explanations, in the Mgh:]) or it means, the imám is careful, or mindful, for the people [who follow him], of [the correctness of] their prayer. (TA.) b2: ضَامِنٌ and ↓ مِضْمَانٌ applied to a she-camel, signify Having a fœtus in her belly: and the pls. are ضَوَامِنُ and مَضَامِينُ. (IAar, L and TA in art. لقح and in the present art.) b3: ضَامِنَةٌ applied to rights, or dues, (حُقُوق,) is used by Lebeed as meaning مَضْمُونَةٌ; [see مَضْمُونٌ;] like as رَاحِلَةٌ is used as meaning مَرْحُولَةٌ. (TA.) ضَامِنَةٌ [fem. of ضَامِنٌ, q. v.]. b2: الضَّامِنَةُ signifies What is included within the middle of any town or country or the like. (TA.) الضَّامِنَةُ مِنَ النَّخْلِ, (AO, S, K, * TA,) occurring in a letter of the Prophet, (AO, S, TA,) means What are included within the cities or towns or villages, of the palmtrees: (AO, S, K, * TA:) or what are surrounded, thereof, by the wall of the city: (K:) but Az says that they are so called because their owners are responsible for their culture and keeping: (TA:) opposed to الضَّاحِيَةُ من البَّعْلِ, which means what are in the open country, of the palm-trees that imbibe with their roots, without being watered. (AO, S, TA. *) مُضَمَّنٌ Water included in a mug or other vessel: and milk included in the udder. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Poetry made to comprise a verse [from another poem]. (S, K. [See 2, last sentence but one.]) And (assumed tropical:) A verse [made to be] not complete otherwise than with what follows it. (S, K. [See 2, last sentence.]) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A sound [made to comprehend with it somewhat of another:] upon which one cannot pause without conjoining it with another: (K:) in the T it is said to be [such as is exemplified in] a man's saying قِفْ فُلَ [or فُلُ, for قِفْ فُلَانُ Pause thou, such a one], with making the ل to have a smack of the vowel-sound (بِإِشْمَامِ اللَّامِ إِلَى الحَرَكَةِ). (TA.) مِضْمَانٌ: see ضَامِنٌ, last sentence but one.

مَضْمُونٌ pass. part. n. of 1 in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above: you say شَىْءٌ مَضْمُونٌ [meaning A thing, such as property, or the payment of a debt, &c., ensured by an acknowledgment of responsibility for it]. (TA.) b2: مَضْمُونُ كِتَابٍ means مَا فِى ضِمْنِهِ and طَيِّهِ [i. e. The contents of a writing or letter; or what is infolded, or included, in a writing or letter; what is implied therein; and what is indicated therein]: pl. مَضَامِينُ. (TA.) b3: And المَضَامِينُ, (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, K,) of which the sing. is مَضْمُونٌ, (A 'Obeyd, Msb, K,) and one may also say مَضْمُونَةٌ, as meaning نَسَمَةٌ, (Msb,) signifies What are [comprised] in the loins of the stallions; (A 'Obeyd, S, Msb, K;) i. e. the progeny [thereof, in the elemental state]: (Msb:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, [though the reverse is generally held to be the case,] المَلَاقِيحُ signifies what are in the backs of the he-camels, and المَضَامِينُ what are in the bellies of the females. (L in art. لقح.) The selling of the مضامين and the ملاقيح is forbidden. (S.) [مَضَامِينُ is also pl. of مِضْمَانٌ, q. v.]

b4: مَضْمُونُ اليَدِ i. q. مَخْبُونُهَا, (K,) meaning مَعْلُولُهَا [i. e. Diseased in the arm, or hand]; (TK;) applied to a man. (TA. [See 1, last sentence, which indicates a more particular meaning.])

صير

1 صَارَ كَذَا, (T, S, Msb,) aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. صَيْرُورَةٌ (S, Msb) and صَيْرٌ, (S,) He, or it, attained to the state, or condition, of such a thing; (T;) became such a thing; (T, Msb;) in which sense the verb is like كَانَ [in meaning, when the latter is non-attributive, and in having its subject in the nom. case and its predicate in the accus.]. (T.) You say, صَارَ زَيْدٌ رَجُلًا Zeyd became a man; or attained to the state, or condition, of a man. (TA.) And صَارَ زَيْدٌ غَنِيًّا Zeyd became rich, not having been so. (Msb.) And صَارَ العَصِيرُ خَمْرًا The expressed juice became wine. (Msb.) [and صَارَ لَا شَىْءَ عِنْدَهُ He became in a state, or condition, in which there was not anything in his possession. And صَارَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He became in the state, or condition, of doing such a thing; i. e. he became occupied, or engaged, in doing such a thing; or he set about, began, commenced, took to, or betook himself to, doing such a thing; like جَعَلَ. And صَارَ لَا يَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا He became in the state, or condition, of not doing anything; or he became unoccupied in doing anything. and صَارَ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ He became in the state of not speaking; he became speechless. And صَارَ يَتَفَكَّرُ فِى كَذَا He became in a state of reflection upon such a thing; he began to reflect upon such a thing.] b2: One says also, صَارَ الأَمْرُ إِلَى كَذَا, (M, A, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. مَصِيرٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) which is anomalous, being regularly مَصَارٌ, like مَعَاشٌ, (S,) and صَيْرٌ and صَيْرُورَةٌ, (M, A, K,) i. e. رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ: (Msb:) [but this is a loose explanation; the meaning being, The thing, or affair, or case, came eventually (see صِيرٌ) to such a state, or condition:] the difference between مَصِيرٌ and مَرْجِعٌ is, that the former word necessarily implies a difference [of the latter state or condition] from the former state or condition; but the latter word does not. (Bd in iii. 156.) [In this case, the ulterior state or condition is likened to a place: for] b3: صَارَ also signifies He, or it, attained in respect of place: so in the saying, صَارَ زَيْدٌ إِلَى عَمْرٍو [Zeyd came, or went, or pursued a course that brought him, to 'Amr]. (TA.) صِرْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ [I came, &c., to such a one] is similar to the phrase in the Kur [iii. 27]

وَإِلَى اللّٰهِ الْمَصِيرُ [And to God, as the ultimate object, is the transition, or course, of every human being]. (S.) [Hence, أًلَا إِلَى اللّٰهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ, in the Kur xlii. last verse, which Bd explains by adding the words بِارْتِفَاعِ الوَسَائِطِ وَالتَّعَلُّقَاتِ; the meaning being, Verily to God are things, or events, referrible, mediately and dependently: in the Expos. of the Jel expl. as meaning تَرْجِعُ.] b4: [And in like manner one says, صَارَ لَهُ كَذَا Such a thing came to, betided, or befell, him, or it: and hence, he, or it, came to have, or became possessed of, such a thing.] b5: And صَارَ فِى أَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ [He became, or came to be, meaning he found himself, in a desert, or waterless, land]; i. q. وَقَعَ فِيهَا. (Msb in art. وقع.) And صَارَ فِى الرَّبِيعِ [He entered, lit. became in, the season called ربيع]; i. q. أَرْبَعَ [which is expl. in the S as signifying دَخَلَ فِى الرَّبِيعِ]. (K in art. ربع.) A2: صَيْرٌ signifies also The returning of seekers after herbage to the watering-places. (O, K.) And one says, صَارَ الرَّجُلُ, aor. ـِ [inf. n. صَيْرٌ,] The man stayed, or abode, at the water. (TA.) and صَارَ النَّاسُ المَآءَ The people stayed, or abode, at the water. (M, K, TA.) A3: صَارَهُ, (S,) first Pers\. صِرْتُهُ, (M,) aor. as above, (S,) inf. n. صَيْرٌ, (K,) a dial. var. of صَارَهُ having for its aor. ـُ [q. v.,] (S,) He cut it; (S, M, K;) and clave it, or split it. (M.) b2: And in like manner, [i. e. as a dial. var. of صَارَهُ having for its aor. ـُ He made it to incline, or lean. (S.) You say, صَارَ وَجْهَهُ, aor. ـِ (M,) as also يَصُورُ, (M and K in art. صور,) He turned his face towards a person or thing. (M.) And صِرْتُ عُنُقَهُ I twisted his neck. (M.) [Respecting the phrase فَصِرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ in the Kur ii.

262, accord. to one reading, see 1 in art. صور.] b3: صَارَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. صَيْرٌ, signifies also حَبَسَهُ [He confined, restricted, &c., him, or it]. (Msb.) 2 صيّرهُ كَذَا He made him, or it, to be in such a state, or condition; or he made him, or it, to be such a thing; [as also ↓ أَصَارَهُ;] syn. جَعَلَهُ. (S.) You say, صَيَّرَنِى لَهُ عَبْدًا and ↓ أًصَارَنِى [He made me to be to him a slave]. (A.) b2: [And صَيَّرَهُ إِلَى

كَذَا and ↓ أَصَارَهُ He, or it, made, or caused, him, or it, to come, or to pursue a course that led, to such a state, or condition; brought, or reduced, him, or it, thereto.] 'Omeyleh El-Fezáree said to his paternal uncle Ibn-'Ankà, ↓ مَا الَّذِى أَصَارَكَ

إِلَى مَا أَرَى يَا عَمِّ [What hath made thee to come, or brought thee, or reduced thee, to the state, or condition, that I see, O my paternal uncle?]. (M.) [In this case, the ulterior state or condition is likened to a place: for] you say, صَيَّرَهُ إِلَيْهِ and ↓ أَصَارَهُ [meaning He, or it, made him to come, or brought him, to him, or it; i. e., to a person, or place, or to a state, or condition:] (M, K:) and صَيَّرَتْنِى إِلَيْهِ الحَاجَةُ and ↓ أَصَارَتْنِى [Want, or need, or necessity, made me to come, or brought me, to him, or it]. (A.) And [hence,] صَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ الأَمْرَ He committed to him the thing, or affair; syn. فَوَّضَهُ اليه. (M in art. فوض.) [And صَيَّرَ لَهُ كَذَا He made such a thing to come to, betide, or befall, him, or it: and consequently, he made him, or it, to have, or become possessed of, such a thing.] b3: تَصْيِيرٌ is also by word, or covenant, as well as by deed. (Bd in ii. 20.) [You say, صَيَّرَهُ كَذَا meaning He asserted, or pronounced, him, or it, to be in such a state, or condition; or to be such a thing: in which case, also, it is syn. with جَعَلَهُ, whereby it is expl. in the S. And صَيَّرَ لَهُ كَذَا He asserted, or pronounced, such a thing to belong to him, or it; asserted, or pronounced, him, or it, to have such a thing; attributed to him, or it, such a thing: and appointed or assigned, to him, or it, such a thing.]4 أَصْيَرَ see 2, in six places.5 تصيّر أَبَاهُ He became like his father. (S, M, K.) صَيْرٌ: see what next follows.

صِيرٌ The ulterior or ultimate, latter or last, state, or condition; the end, conclusion, event, issue, or result; of a thing, an affair, or a case; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صَيْرٌ (O, K) and ↓ مَصِيرٌ (S, O, Msb, TA) and ↓ مَصِيرَةٌ (TA) and ↓ صَيُّورٌ, (S, M, K,) of the measure فَيْعُولٌ, (S,) and ↓ صَيُّورَةٌ. (K.) b2: The verge, brink, or point, of an affair, or event. (M, K.) You say, أَنَا عَلَى

صِيرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ كَذَا I am on the verge of such an affair, or event. (M.) And أَنَا عَلَى صِيرٍ مِنْ حَاجَتِى

I am at the point of [attaining] the object of my want. (M.) And أَنَا عَلَى صِيرٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِى

I am at the point of accomplishing my want. (A.) And فُلَانٌ عَلَى صِيرِ أَمْرٍ Such a one is at the point of accomplishing an affair. (S.) A2: A water at which people stay, or abide; (M, O, K;) as also ↓ صِيرَةٌ. (TA.) A3: A crevice of a door. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ نَظَرَ فِى

صِيرِ بَابٍ فَفُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فَهِىَ هَدَرٌ [Whosoever looks into the crevice of a door and has his eye put out, it is a thing for which no mulct is to be exacted]: (S, M:) A'Obeyd says that this is the only instance in which the word [in this sense] has been heard. (S.) A4: [The condiment, made of small fish, called] صِحْنَاة: (S, M, K:) or [a condiment, or the like,] resembling صحناة: (M, K:) or what is called in Pers\. مَاهِى آوَهْ [jelly of salted fish]; as also صِحْنَاةٌ: (Mgh voce صحناة:) and the small salted fish of which صحناة is made: (Kr, M, K:) or the young ones of fish: [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: (Msb:) thought by IDrd to be Syriac; (TA;) by IAth, to be Pers\., as also صحناة. (TA in art. صحن.) A5: Also The أُسْفُفّ [properly bishop] of the Jews. (O, K.) A6: See also the next paragraph.

صِيرَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to A'Obeyd صِيْرَةٌ, with fet-h, but Az says that this is a mistake, (TA,) An enclosure (حَظِيرَة) for sheep or goats (S, M, Msb, K) and for cows or bulls, (M, K,) constructed of wood and stones (M, TA) and of branches of trees; (TA;) as also ↓ صِيَارَةٌ, (M, K,) which latter is said by IDrd to be of the dial. of the people of Baghdád: (TA:) pl. of the former صِيَرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ صِيرٌ. (M, K.) A2: See also صِيرٌ.

صِيَارٌ The صَنْج; (O and TA in this art., and TS and K and TA in art. صبر;) i. e. the stringed instrument thus called: (TS and TA in that art., and O and TA in the present art.:) [this is the right meaning, as is shown by the latter of the two verses cited voce صُبَارَةٌ: but,] accord. to AHeyth, (O,) the sound of the صَنْج. (O and K in the present art.) A2: See also art. صور.

صِيَارَةٌ: see صِيرَةٌ.

A2: Also i. q. صُبَارَةٌ [q. v., signifying Stones, &c.]. (M in art. صبر.) صَيِّرٌ A grave. (AA, O, K. [Perhaps so called as being the ulterior abode.]) One says, هٰذَا صَيِّرُ فُلَانٍ This is the grave of such a one. (O.) A2: And A company (جَمَاعَة). (O, K.) A3: See also art. صور.

صَيِّرَةٌ A thing, upon the head of a قَارَة [or small isolated mountain or the like], resembling the [heap of stones, piled up as a sign of the way, called] أَمَرَة, except that it is cased, and the امرة is taller than it, and larger; or [in my originals “ and ”] they are both cased, but the امرة is peaked and tall, and the صيّره is round and wide, and has angles [app. at the base]; and sometimes it is excavated, and gold and silver are found in it: it is of the work of 'Ád and Irem. (O, TA.) صَائِرٌ Staying, or abiding, at a water. (TA.) And ↓ صَائِرَةٌ A party, or people, staying, or abiding, at a water. (O, TA.) A2: Also A twister of men's necks. (TA.) A3: [And The pivot at the top, and that at the heel, of a door; the former of which turns in a socket in the lintel, and the latter in a socket in the threshold:] see سَاكِفٌ.

صَائِرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Rain. (M, TA.) b2: And Herbage, or pasture. (M.) See the next paragraph. b3: Also The state of dryness to which herbage comes. (M.) صَيُّورٌ: see صِيرٌ. b2: Also Judgment, or opinion, (S,) and understanding, or intellect, or intelligence; (S, M, K;) as in the saying, مَا لَهُ صَيُّورٌ [He has not judgment nor understanding]: (S, M:) or a judgment, or an opinion, to which one eventually comes; as in the saying, مَا لَهُ بَدْءٌ وَلَا صَيُّورٌ [He has not a first, nor a final, idea, thought, judgment, or opinion]. (A.) A2: Also, (O, K;) as AHn says, on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád, (O;) and ↓ صَائِرَةٌ, (K,) Dry herbage or pasture, that is eaten long after its being green: (O, K:) and he adds that no herbs have صَيُّور except such as are of the kinds called الثَّغْر and الأَفَانِى. (O, TA.) A3: أُمُّ صَيُّورٍ signifies A confused and dubious affair, (M, K,) through which there is no way of passing; as in the phrase وَقَعَ فِى أُمِّ صَيُّورٍ, mentioned by Yaakoob [ISk] in the “ Alfádh ”

[accord. to some of the copies of that work]: originally meaning a [mountain, or hill, such as is termed] هَضْبَة without a pass: but it is more probably صَبُّور [q. v., in art. صبر]. (M.) صَيُّورَةٌ: see صِيرٌ, first sentence.

مَصِيرٌ an inf. n. of صَارَ [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) A2: [Also A place, and hence a state or condition, to which a person, or thing, eventually comes: a place of destination.] See صِيرٌ. b2: A place where people alight and abide: a good place where people alight and abide. (TA.) b3: A place to which waters come, or take their course: (M, K:) [or a place of herbage, or pasture, and of water: pl. مَصَايِرُ: so in the saying,] خَرَجُوا إِلَى مَصَايِرِهِمْ They went forth to their places of herbage, or pasture, and of water. (A.) A3: See also art. مصر.

مَصِيرَةٌ: see صِيرٌ, first sentence.

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

رود

1 رَادَ, aor. ـُ (T, S, A,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (A, TA) and رَوْدٌ, (K, TA,) He, or it, (a thing, S,) came and went; (T, S, A, K;) [went to and fro;] was restless, or unsettled. (T, TA.) One says, مَا لِى أَرَاكَ تَرُودُ مُنْذُ اليَوْمِ [What aileth me that I see thee coming and going, or going to and fro, during this day?]. (A, TA.) And رَادَتْ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (S, M, K) and رَوْدٌ and رُؤُودٌ, (M,) She (a woman) went about to and from the tents, or houses, of her female neighbours. (S, M, A, K.) And رادت الإِبِلُ, aor. ـُ (AHn, M,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ (AHn, S, M, K) [and app. رَوَدَانٌ &c. as above], The camels went to and fro in the place of pasture. (AHn, S, M, K.) And راد النَّعَمُ فِى المَرْعِى, inf. n. ريَادٌ, The cattle went to and fro in the place of pasture. (A.) And رادت الدَّوَابُّ, inf. n. رَوْدٌ and رَوَدَانٌ [and app. رِيَادٌ also]; and ↓ استرادت; The beasts pastured [going to and fro]. (M.) and رادت الرٍّيحُ, (T, M,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (T, TA) and رَوْدٌ and رُؤُود, (TA,) The wind became in motion, or in a state of commotion: (T, TA:) or veered about. (M, TA.) b2: [Hence,] راد وِسَادُهُ [lit. His pillow moved to and fro; meaning] (tropical:) he was, or became, restless, (S, A,) by reason of disease or anxiety: (A:) [or he was, or became, sleepless: for] a poet uses the phrase رَاذَ وِسَادُهَا as expressive of an imprecation, mean ing (assumed tropical:) May she be sleepless, so that her pillow may not remain still. (TA.) [And راد خُرْتُ القَوْمِ and رادت أَخْرَاتُهُمْ: see خُرْتٌ.]

A2: راد, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ (Msb, K) and رَوْدٌ; (K;) and ↓ ارتاد, (Msb,) inf. n. اِرْتِيَادٌ; (K;) and ↓ استراد; (TA;) He sought, sought after, or desired; or he sought, or desired, to find and take, or to get; (Msb, K;) a thing. (Msb.) [It seems to imply the going to and fro in seeking.] You say, راد الكَلَأَ, (S, A, Mgh, L,) and المَآءَ, (Mgh,) aor. ـُ (S, A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ and رَوْدٌ: (S, L;) and ↓ ارتادهُ; (S, A, Mgh, L;) [and ↓ استردهُ, as appears from what follows;] and simply راد; (L;) He sought after herbage, (S, Mgh, L,) and water. (Mgh.) And راد أَهْلَهُ كَلَأً, and مَنْزِلًا, (M, L,) and راد لَهُمْ كَلَأً, and مَنْزِلًا, inf. n. رَوْدٌ (T, M, L) and رِيَادٌ; (M;) and ↓ اردتاد; (T, M, L;) and ↓ استراد; (M, L;) He looked for, (T,) and sought after, herbage, and a place in which to alight, (T, M, L,) and chose the best [that he could find], (T,) for his family. (T, M, L.) And الطَّيْرُ

↓ تَسْتَرِيدُ The birds seek after their sustenance, going to and fro in search of it. (A.) [Hence,] لِبَوْلِهِ ↓ ارتاد He sought a soft place, (S, Mgh, L,) or a sloping place, (S, L,) for his urine. when he desired to void it, (S, Mgh, L,) lest it should return towards him, or sprinkle back upon him: (L:) from a trad. (S, L.) b2: راد الدَّارَ, aor. as above, He questioned, or interrogated, [respecting a person beloved,] the house, or abode. (M.) b3: رُدْتُ الدَّوَابَّ I pastured the beasts; as also ↓ أَرَدْتُهَا. (M.) 3 راودهُ He endeavoured to turn him [to, or from, a thing]; as in the phrase راودهُ عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ He endeavoured to turn him, or convert him, to El-Islám; occurring in a trad., in which the agent of the verb is Mohammad, and the object is his uncle Aboo-Tálib;. syn. رَاجَعَهُ and رَادَّهُ: (L:) or رَاوَدْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا, (S,) or عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (Msb,) inf. n. مُرَاوَدَةٌ and رِوَادٌ, (S, Msb, K,) [primarily] signifies I desired, (S, Msb, K, *) or sought, (Msb,) of him that he should do such a thing, or the thing; (S, * Msb;) المُرَاوَدَةُ implying contention (المُخَاصَمَة), because he who desires, or seeks, affects gentle, or bland, behaviour, like him who deceives, or beguiles, and, like him, strives, or labours, to attain his object: (Msb:) and [hence,] راودهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ, and عَلَيْهِ, He endeavoured to turn him by blandishment, or by deceitful arts, or to entice him to turn, from the thing, and to it; syn. دَارَاهُ, (M, L,) or رَادَاهُ. (TT, as from the M.) سَنُرَاوِدُ عَنْهُ أَبَاهُ, in the Kur xii. 61, means [We will endeavour to turn his father from him, by blandishment, or artifice, and to make him yield him to us: or] we will strive, or labour, to obtain him of his father. (Bd, Jel.) And رَاوَدَتْهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [in the Kur xii. 23] (assumed tropical:) She desired, or sought, of him, copulation, or his lying with her, using blandishment, or artifice, for that purpose; she tempted him to lie with her: (T, and Bd in xii. 23:) [more literally, she endeavoured to turn him, or entice him, by blandishment, or deceitful arts, from his disdain, or disdainful incompliance, and to make him yield himself to her:] and رَاوَدَهَا عَنْ نَفْسِهَا (assumed tropical:) he desired, or sought, of her, copulation, &c. (T.) And رَاوَدَهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) He endeavoured to deceive him, or beguile him, and to turn him [from his disdain, or purpose, or will,] by blandishment, or artifice. (A.) 4 أَرْوَدَ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. إِرْوَادٌ and مُرْوَدٌ and [quasi-inf. n.] ↓ مَرْوَدٌ (S, K) and ↓ رُوَيْدٌ (TA as from the K [but omitted in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK]) and ↓ رُوَيْدَآءُ and ↓ رُوَيْدِيَةٌ or ↓ رُوَيْدِيَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) He acted, or proceeded, gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, (S, A, K, TA,) in going, or pace. (S, A, TA.) A2: أَرْوَدَهُ, (S,) inf. n. إِرْوَادٌ, (M,) He acted gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, towards, or with, him; or granted him a delay, or respite; let him alone, or left him, for a while; syn. أَمْهَلَهُ. (S, M. *) b2: أَرَدْتُ الدَّوَابَّ: see 1, last sentence.

A3: أَرَادَهُ, (M, L, Msb,) inf. n. إِرَادَةٌ, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) originally with و, [i. e. أَرْوَدَهُ,] because you say رَاوَدَهُ (S, L) in a similar sense, (L,) He willed, wished, or desired, it: (S, * M, L, K: *) he loved, or liked, it; and cared for, or minded, it; or was rendered thoughtful, careful, or anxious, by it: (M, L:) or he desired it; sought it, or sought after it; (طَلَبَهُ;) and chose it: (Msb:) [or] it differs from طَلَبَهُ, inasmuch as إِرَادَةٌ is sometimes merely conceived in the mind, not apparent; whereas طَلَبٌ is never other wise than apparent, either by act or by word: (Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree, TA:) Th says that it sometimes denotes loving, or liking, and some times it does not [as will be shown by what follows]: and Lh mentions the saying هَرْدتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. هِرَادَةٌ, with ه substi tuted for ء [as in هَرَقْتُ for أَرَقْتُ, &c.]. (M.) You say, أَرَدْتُ مِنْهُ كَذَا [I desired, of him, such a thing]. (A.) And مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا مَا فَعَلْتَ [I desired not aught save what thou didst, or hast done]. (A.) [And اراد بِهِ كَذَا He desired to do to him, or he intended him, such a thing; whether good or evil: see Kur xxxiii. 17, &c.] And Kutheiyir says, أُرِيدُ لِأَنْسَى ذِكْرَهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا تُمَثَّلُ لِى لَيْلَى بِكُلِّ سَبِيلِ [I desire to forget the remembrance of her, or the mention of her; but it seems as though Leylà were imaged to me in every road]; meaning أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَنْسَى. (M.) [And ISd says,] I think that Sb has mentioned the phrase أَرَادَنِى بِهٰذَالِكَ, i. e. He intended, or meant, me by that. (M.) [اراد often signifies He intended, or meant, such a thing by a saying or an action.] فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ, in the Kur xviii. 78, means (tropical:) [And they found therein a wall] that was near, or about, to fall down, (Bd, Jel,) or that was ready to fall down; though الإِرَادَة is only from an animate being, and not properly predicable of a wall: and there are many similar instances; as the saying of a poet, يُرِيدُ الرُّمْحُ صَدْرَ أَبِى بَرَآءٍ

وَ يَعْدِلُ عَنْ رِمَآءِ بَنِى عُقَيْلِ [The spear is ready to pierce the breast of Aboo Barà, but it turns away from the bloods of the sons of 'Okeyl]. (M.) [In like manner also] one says, اراد البُكَآءَ (assumed tropical:) [He was about, or ready, to weep: a phrase of frequent occurrence; like تَهَيَّأَ لِلْبُكَآءِ, and هَمَّ بِالْبُكَآءِ]. (TA in art. جهش, &c.) b2: You say also, ارادهُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, (M,) or على الأَمْرِ, (A, Mgh,) He endeavoured to induce him, (M,) or he incited him, or made him, (A, Mgh,) to do the thing. (M, A, Mgh.) And ارادهُ عَلَى

أَنْ يَكْتُبَ He incited him, or made him, to write. (Mgh.) And ارادهُ إِلَى الكَلَامِ He constrained, or necessitated, him to speak. (M, * TA.) 5 تروّد He trembled, or quaked, by reason of extreme softness, or tenderness, and fatness. (KL.) 8 إِرْتَوَدَ see 1, in four places.10 إِسْتَرْوَدَ see 1, in five places. b2: استراد لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad. as meaning He returned, and became gentle and submissive to the command of God. (TA.) رَادٌ: see رَائِدٌ, with which it is syn. (S, M, K.) رَادَةٌ [is its fem.: and] is a pl. of رَائِدٌ. (L.) b2: اِمْرَأَةٌ رَادَةٌ A woman who goes about to and from the tents, or houses, of her female neighbours; (Az, As, S, M, A, K;) as also رَادٌ (TA) and ↓ رَوَادٌ (S M) and ↓ رَؤُودٌ (Aboo-' Alee, M) and ↓ رُوَادَةٌ, like ثُمَامَة, and ↓ رَائِدَةٌ. (K.) You say اِمْرَأْةٌ رَأْدَةٌ غَيْرُ رَادَةٍ A soft, or tender, woman; not one that roves about: in which the former رادة may be without ء, and the latter must be so. (A and TA in art. رأد.) [See رُؤْدٌ; where it is stated that رَادٌ and رَادَةٌ and ↓ رُودَةٌ, as epithets applied to a girl or woman, are syn., one with another, meaning Soft, or tender, &c., like رَأْدٌ and رَأْدَةٌ and رُؤْدَةٌ.] b3: رِيحٌ رَادَةٌ A wind blowing violently to and fro: (TA:) [and ↓ رِيحٌ رَائِدَةٌ signifies the same; or wind in motion, or in a state of commotion.; or veering about: see 1.] [And] A wind blowing gently; (A;) and so ↓ رَوْدٌ and ↓ رَائِدَةٌ (K) and ↓ رَوَادٌ. (TA. [See also art. ريد.]) رَوْدٌ: see what next precedes.

رُودٌ Gentleness; or a leisurely manner of acting or proceeding. (S, M, A, K.) [And accord. to the TT, as from the M, so رُؤْدٌ; but this is a mistranscription, for رُؤْدٌ: see this last, in art. رأد.] You say, يَمْشِى عَلَى رُودٍ He walks, or goes, gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner. (S, A, K.) And its dim. is ↓ رُوَيْدٌ. (S, A, K. [But see what follows.]) They said ↓ رُوَيْدًا, meaning Gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner; (T, S, M, A, K;) with tenween: (T:) and ↓ اِمْشِ رُوَيْدًا Walk thou, or go thou, gently, &c.: (T, A:) so accord. to the lexicologists [in general]: but accord. to Sb, it is a verbal n.: [for] they said, زَيْدًا ↓ رُوَيْدَ, meaning Act thou gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, towards, or with, Zeyd; or grant him a delay, or respite; let him alone, or leave him, for a while; syn. أَمْهِلْهُ: hence it has no dual nor pl. nor fem. form: and hence they say that it is for إِرْوَادًا, in the sense of أَرْوِدْ; as though it were an abbreviated dim., formed by the rejection of the augmentative letters: this is the opinion of Sb; for he holds it to be a substitute for أَرْوِدْ; though it has a nearer resemblance to إِرْوَادٌ because it is a noun: others hold it to be the dim. of رُودٌ, and cite the saying [of a poet], كَأَنَّهُ مِثْلُ مَنْ يَمْشِى عَلَى رُودِ [As though he were like him who walks, or goes, gently, &c.]: but this is a mistake; for رُودٌ is not put in the place of a verb, as إِرْوَادٌ is. (M.) Accord. to Ibn-Keysán, ↓ رُوَيْد seems to have two contr. significations; for they said, رُوَيْدَ زَيْدًا, meaning Leave thou Zeyd, or let him alone; and also meaning act thou gently towards, or with, Zeyd, and retain him, or withhold him. (TA.) One says also, عَمْرًا ↓ رُوَيْدَكَ, meaning Act thou gently, &c., towards, or with, 'Amr; syn. أَمْهِلْهُ: (T, * S, M, * K:) the ك in this case being a denotative of allocution, (T, S, M,) and having no place in the desinential syntax: (S, M: *) it is added only when رويد is used in the sense of an imperative; (T, S, K;) and to prevent confusion of him who is meant to be addressed with him who is not meant, because رويد applies to one and to more than one and to the male and to the female; though sometimes one says رويدك to a person when one does not fear his being confounded with another, using the ك as a corroborative. (T.) In this case, ↓ رويد is an abbreviated dim. of إِرْوَاد, the inf. n. of أَرْوَدَ. (S.) In like manner also one says, (K, TA,) to a male, (TA,) ↓ رُوَيْدَكَنِى [Act thou gently, &c., towards, or with, me]; and to a female, ↓ رُوَيْدَكِنِى; and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُمَانِى (K, TA) to two persons; (TA;) and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُمُونِى (K, TA) to males more than two; (TA;) and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُنَّنِى (K, TA) to females more than two. (TA.) ↓ رُوَيْد is used in four different manners: first, as a verbal n.; as in عَمْرًا ↓ رُوَيْدَ, (S, K, *) i. e. أَرْوِدْ عَمْرًا, (S,) meaning أَمْهِلْهُ [expl. above]: (S, K:) secondly, as an inf. n.; as in عَمْرٍو ↓ رُوَيْدَ [virtually meaning the same]; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case; (S, M, * K; *) like فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ, in the Kur [xlvii. 4], (S, M, *) in which the inf. n. is put for its verb; (Jel;) and like عَذِيرَ الحَىِّ [expl. in art. عذر]: (M:) thirdly, as an epithet; as in ↓ سَارُوا سَيْرًا رُوَيْدًا [They went, or journeyed, at a gentle, or leisurely, rate of going, or journeying]; (Sb, S, K;) and سَارُوا

↓ رُوَيْدًا, in which سَيْرًا is suppressed: (T:) fourthly, as a denotative of state; as in ↓ سَارَ القَوْمُ رُوَيْدًا [The people, or party, went, or journeyed, going, or journeying, gently, or leisurely]; it being here in connection with a determinate noun, and therefore a denotative of its state. (S, K.) When it is used as a threat, it is with nasb, without tenween; (Lth, T, M; *) as in the saying of a poet, تَصَاهَلْ بِالْعِرَاقِ جِيَادُنَا ↓ رُوَيْدَ كَأَنَّكَ بِالضَّحَّاكِ قَدْ قَامَ نَادِبُهْ [Act thou, or proceed thou, gently, lest our coursers neigh, one to another, in El-'Irák: it is as though thou wert with Ed-Dahhák, his summoner to battle having already risen]. (Lth, T.) Sb mentions his having heard the saying, وَاللّٰهِ مَا الشِّعْرَ ↓ لَوْ أَرَدْتَ الدَّرَاهِمَ لَأَعْطَيْتُكَ رُوَيْدَ [By God, hadst thou desired the money, I had given thee: let alone the poetry: ما being here redundant]: (T, M:) like the phrase, فَدَعِ الشِّعْرَ: (M:) and similar to this is the saying, الشِّعْرَ يَغِبَّ ↓ رُوَيْدَ [explained in art. غب]. (T.) رِيدٌ [originally رِوْدٌ] Will, wish, or desire; (K;) and so ↓ رِيدَةٌ [originally رِوْدَةٌ]: (M, L:) or the former signifies a thing that one wishes, or desires, and strives to obtain: (T in art. ريد:) and the latter, love, or liking, for a thing; and solicitude respecting it: (M, L:) or the latter signifies a kind, or manner, of wishing or desiring; as in the saying, أَرَدْتُهُ بِكُلِّ رِيدَةِ [I wished it, or desired it, with every kind, or manner, of wishing or desiring]. (M.) رُودَةٌ: see رَادٌ.

رِيدَةٌ: see رِيدٌ.

رَوَادٌ: see رَادٌ, in two places.

الرِّيَادُ, originally an inf. n., and ذَبُّ الرِّيَادِ, The wild bull; [a species of bovine antelope;] (M;) called ذبّ الرياد because he goes to and fro, not remaining in one place; (M in art. ذب;) or because he pastures going to and fro; (T and S * and M in that art.;) or because his females pasture with him, going to and fro. (T in that art.) Also, the latter, (tropical:) A man who comes and goes. (Kr, M and TA in art. ذب.) And (tropical:) A man who is in the habit of visiting women. (AA, T and K in that art.) رَؤُودٌ: see رَادٌ.

الرِّوَنْدُ الصِّينِىُّ, (K,) or الرِّيوَنْدُ الصِّينِىُّ, (L,) [mentioned in this art. though the ن should be regarded as radical, for] it is not genuine Arabic, (L,) [China-rhubarb;] a well-known medicine; (K;) a certain cool medicine, good for the liver: (L:) the physicians add an ا to it, (K,) saying رَاوَنْد: (TA:) there are four kinds thereof; the best of which is the صِينِىّ; and inferior to this is the خُرَاسَانِىّ, which is [commonly] known by the appellation of رَاوَنْدُ الدَّوَابِّ, used by the veterinarians: it is a black [app. a mistake for red, or yellow,] wood, of compound powers, but its predominant qualities are heat and dryness. (TA.) رُوَيْدٌ: see 4, first sentence: and see also رُودٌ throughout.

رُوَادَةٌ: see رَادٌ.

رُوَيْدَآءُ and رُوَيْدِيَةٌ or رُوَيْدِيَّةٌ: see 4, first sentence.

رَائِدٌ [act. part. n. of 1, Coming and going; moving to and fro; &c.]. [Hence,] اِمْرَأَةٌ رَائِدَةٌ: see رَادٌ. And دَوَابُّ رَوَائِدُ [pl. of دَابَّةٌ رَائِدَةٌ] Beasts pasturing at pleasure: (T:) or going to and for [in the place of pasture]: or pasturing together while the rest are debarred from the pasture, or tied. (M.) And رِيحٌ رَائِدَةٌ: see رَادٌ, last two sentences. And رَائِدُ الوِسَادِ [lit. Whose pillow moves to and fro; meaning] (tropical:) a man restless by reason of disease or anxiety; (A;) or uneasy on his pillow by reason of anxiety that disquiets him: (TA:) [or sleepless: see 1.] and رَائِدُ العَيْنِ The عُوَّار of the eye, [i. e. the mote, or the like, that has fallen into it, or the foul, thick, white matter that collects in its inner corner, and] that moves to and fro (يَرُودُ) therein. (S.) b2: The handle of the hand-mill, (S, M, A, K,) which the grinder grasps (S, M, A) when he turns round the mill-stone (S, A) therewith. (A.) b3: See also مِرْوَدٌ. b4: One who is sent (S, M, A, Mgh, L, K) before a people or party (Mgh) to seek for herbage (S, M, A, Mgh, L, K) and water (Mgh) and the places where rain has fallen; (L;) or one who looks for, and seeks, herbage, and a place in which to alight, and chooses the best thereof; (T;) and ↓ رَادٌ signifies the same; (S, M, K;) the latter occurring in the poetry of Hudheyl; (M;) [originally رَوَدٌ,] of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (S, K,) like فَرَطٌ in the sense of فَارِطٌ, (S,) or of the measure فَاعِلٌ deprived of its medial radical letter, or of the measure فَعِلٌ, [originally رَوِدٌ,] but if so, it is a kind of rel. n., not an act. part. n.: (M:) the pl. of the former is رُوَّادٌ (M, A, L) and رَادَةٌ. (L.) One says, الرَّائِدُ لَا يَكْذِبُ أَهْلَهُ, (T, Mgh,) or لَا يَكْذِبُ الرَّائِدُ أَهْلَهُ, (S,) [The seeker of herbage, &c., will not lie to his family,] for if he lie to them he perishes with them: (Ham p. 547:) a prov. applied to him who will not lie when he relates a thing. (M.) And hence the saying, الحُمَّى رَائِدُ المَوْتِ (tropical:) Fever is the messenger that precedes death; like the messenger that goes before a people, or party, to seek for herbage and water. (Mgh, TA.) Hence, likewise, رَائِدٌ is also applied to (tropical:) One who goes before with some abominable deed or design. (TA.) And to (assumed tropical:) A seeker of science or knowledge. (L, from a trad.) [Hence also,] أَنَا رَائِدُ حَاجَةٍ and ↓ مُرْتَادُهَا (tropical:) [I am the seeker of an object of want]: and أُنَاسٌ رُوَّادُ الحَاجَاتِ (tropical:) [Men who are the seekers of the objects of want]. (A.) b5: Also One who has no place in which to alight or abide. (T in art. ريد. and TA.) A2: [See also art. رأد.]

رَائِدَةٌ a subst. that is put in the place of اِرْتِيَادٌ [inf. n. of 8], and of إِرَادَةٌ [inf. n. of 4]. (T in art. ريد.) أَرْوَدُ Gentle, or quiet, and unnoticed in operation: so in the saying, الدَّهْرُ أَرْوَدُ غِيَرٍ [Time, or fortune, is gentle, or quiet, and unnoticed in operation; characterized by changing accidents]. (S, TA.) A2: ↓ أُرْيَدُ [More, and most, desirous], occurring in the prov., إِنْ كُنْتِ تُرِيدِينَ فَأَنَا لَكِ

أَرْيَدُ [If thou desire me, I am more desirous of thee], is said by Akh to be altered from أَرْوَدُ; and thus to be like أَحْيَلُ, in the phrase هُوَ أَحْيَلُ النَّاسِ, originally أَحْوَلُ. (MF.) أَرْيَدُ: see what next precedes.

مَرَادٌ A place where camels go to and fro in pasturing; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُسْتَرَادٌ. (K.) and مَرَادُ الرِّيحِ The place where the wind [blows to and fro, or] goes and comes. (S, TA.) مُرَادٌ [What is willed, or wished;] desired; sought, or sought after; and chosen: (Msb:) loved, or liked. (L.) [Intended, or meant, by a saying or an action.]

مَرْوَدٌ: see 4, first sentence.

مِرْوَدٌ A certain well-known instrument, (Msb,) [resembling a bodkin, or small probe, tapering towards the end, but blunt, generally of wood or bone or ivory or silver,] with which the [black powder called] كُحْل is applied to the eyes; (TA;) syn. مِيلٌ, (S, M, A, K,) and مِكْحَالٌ: so called [because it is passed to and fro along the edges of the eyelids,] from رَادَ signifying “he, or it, came and went:” (Mgh:) pl. مَرَاوِدُ. (Msb.) b2: The pivot of the sheave of a pulley, if of iron. (S, K. *) b3: A wooden pin, peg, or stake; syn. وَتِدٌ. (M, K.) b4: An iron [swivel] that turns round in the لِجَام [i. e. bit, or bit and bridle]: (S, K:) or an iron [swivel] which is attached to the رَسَن of the colt [or horse] and of the hawk, [i. e., to the halter, or leading-cord, of the colt or horse, and the leash of the hawk,] and which, when he turns round, turns round with him: (A:) or the مِرْوَدَانِ, also called the ↓ رَائِدَانِ, are the two rings in [either of] which is the extremity of the عِذَار [or side-piece of the headstall of the horse]. (IDrd, in his “Book on the Saddle and Bridle.”) You say, دَارَ المُهْرُ وَ البَازِى فِى المِرْوَدِ [The colt, and the hawk, went round, attached to the مرود]. (A.) b5: A joint; syn. مَفْصِلٌ. (M.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A limit, or an extent, to which one runs: so in a trad. of 'Alee, in which it is said, إِنَّ لِبَنِى أُمَيَّةَ مِرْوَدًا يَجْرُونَ إِلَيْهِ [Verily there is a limit, or an extent, for the sons of Umeiyeh, to which they run]: from إِرْوَادٌ as signifying إِمْهَالٌ. (TA.) مُرِيدٌ as meaning A candidate for admission into a religious order, during his state of probation, is a conventional post-classical term. So too as meaning A devotee, whose sole endeavour is to comply with the will of God.]

مُرْتادُ حَاجَةٍ: see رَائِدٌ.

مُسْتَرَادٌ: see مَرَادٌ.

A2: [Also pass. part. n. of 10.] The sayings فُلَانٌ مُسْتَرَادٌ لِمِثْلِهِ and فُلَانَةُ مُسْتَرَادَةٌ لِمِثْلِهَا are expl. as meaning (tropical:) The like of such a man, and the like of such a woman, is sought after, and coveted, by reason of the high estimation in which he, and she, is held: and it is said that the meaning is, مستراد مثله and مثلها; the ل being redundant. (M, TA. [The latter clause seems to indicate a different meaning from that before expressed: but for this I see no reason.])