حور

1 حَارَ, aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. حَوْرٌ and حُؤُورٌ (S, K) and حُورٌ, a contraction of the form next preceding, used in poetry, in case of necessity, (TA,) and مَحَارٌ (S, K) and مَحَارَةٌ (K) and حَوْرَةٌ, (TA,) He, or it, returned, (S, L, K,) إِلَى شَىْءٍ

to a thing, and عَنْهُ from it. (L.) b2: [Hence,] حار عَلَيْهِ It (a false imputation) returned to him [who was its author; or recoiled upon him]. (TA, from a trad.) b3: And حَارَتِ الغُصَّةُ The thing sticking in the throat, and choking, descended; as though it returned from its place. (TA.) b4: [And حار, inf. n. حَوْرٌ and حُورٌ, He returned from a good state to a bad.] You say, حار بَعْدَ مَا كَانَ (TA on the authority of 'Ásim, and so in a copy of the S,) He returned from a good state after he had been in that state: (A 'Obeyd, S, * TA:) so says 'Asim: (TA:) or حار بعد ما كَارَ (TA, and so in copies of the S,) He became in a state of defectiveness after he had been in a state of redundance: (TA:) or it is from حار, inf. n. حَوْرٌ, He untwisted his turban: (Zj, TA:) and means (assumed tropical:) He became in a bad state of affairs after he had been in a good state. (TA. [See حَوْرٌ, below.]) b5: حَارَ وَبَارَ He became in a defective and bad state. (TA. [Here بار is an imitative sequent; (see حَائِرٌ;) as is also يَبُورُ in a phrase mentioned below.]) b6: حار, aor. as above, (Msb,) inf n.

حَوْرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and حُورٌ (S, A, K) and مَحَارَةٌ (S) and مَحَارٌ, (M and TA in art. اول,) It decreased, or became defective or deficient. (S, * A, * Msb, K. * [See also حَوْرٌ, below.]) b7: Also, inf. n. حَوْرٌ (TA) and حُورٌ, (S, K,) He perished, or died. (S, * K, * TA.) b8: Also, aor. ـُ inf. n. حَوْرٌ, He, or it, became changed from one state, or condition, into another: and it became converted into another thing. (TA.) b9: مَا يَحُورُ فُلَانٌ وَلَا يَبُورُ Such a one does not increase nor become augmented [in his substance] (Ibn-Háni, K *) is said when a person's being afflicted with smallness of increase is confirmed. (Ibn-Háni, TA.) A2: حار, (TK,) inf. n. حَوْرٌ, (K,) He was, or became, confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course; syn. تَحَيَّرَ. (K, * TK.) [See also art. حير.]

A3: See also 2.

A4: حَوِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَوَرٌ; (K;) and حَوِرَتْ, aor. and inf. n. as above; (Msb;) and ↓ احوّر, (K,) inf. n. اِحْوِرَارٌ; (TA;) and احوّرت; (S, K; *) He, (a man, K, TA,) and it, (an eye, S, Msb, K, * TA,) was, or became, characterized by the quality termed حَوَرٌ as explained below. (S, Msb, K, TA.) 2 حوّرهُ, inf. n. تَحْوِيرٌ, He made him, or it, to return. (Zj, K.) b2: He (God) denied him, or prohibited him from attaining, what he desired, or sought; disappointed him; frustrated his endeavour, or hope; (K, TA;) and caused him to return to a state of defectiveness. (TA.) A2: حوّر, inf. n. as above, He whitened clothes, or garments, (S, Msb,) and wheat, or food: (S:) and ↓ حار, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حَوْرٌ, (TA,) he washed and whitened a garment, or piece of cloth; (K;) but حوّر is better known in this sense. (TA.) b2: حوّر عَيْنَ البَعِيرِ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He burned a mark round the eye of the camel with a circular cauterizing-instrument, (S, K, *) on account of a disorder: because the place becomes white. (TA.) A3: [He prepared skins such as are called حَوَرٌ: a meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the TA. b2: And app. He lined a boot with such skin: see مُحَوَّرٌ.]

A4: Also, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He prepared a lump of dough, and made it round, (S, K,) with a مِحْوَر, (TA,) to put it into the hole containing hot ashes in which it was to be baked: (S, K:) he made it round with a مِحْوَر. (A.) 3 حاورهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and حاورهُ الكَلَامَ, (TA in art. رجع, &c.,) inf. n. مُحَاوَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) and حِوَارٌ, (A, Mgh,) He returned him answer for answer, or answers for answers; held a dialogue, colloquy, conference, disputation, or debate, with him; or bandied words with him; syn. جَاوَبَهُ, (S, and Jel in xviii. 35,) and رَاجَعَهُ الكَلَامَ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) or رَاجَعَهُ فِى الكَلَامِ, (Bd in xviii. 32,) or, of the inf. n., مُرَاجَعَةُ النُّطْقِ. (K.) And حاورهُ He vied, or competed, with him, or contended with him for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or the like; syn. فَاخَرَهُ. (Jel. in xviii. 32.) 4 احار [He returned a thing]. You say, طَحَنَتْ فَمَا أَحَارَتْ شَيْئًا She ground, and did not return (مَا رَدَّتْ) anything of the flour [app. for the loan of the hand-mill: see حُورٌ, below]. (S, K.) b2: احار الغُصَّةَ He swallowed the thing sticking in his throat and choking him; [as though he returned it from its place: see 1: see also 4 in art. حير: and see an ex. voce إِحَارَةٌ.] (TA.) And فُلَانٌ سَرِيعُ الإِحَارَةِ Such a one is quick in swallowing: [said to be] from what next follows. (Meyd, TA.) b3: احار, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِحَارَةٌ, (TA,) He returned an answer, or a reply. (Msb, TA.) You say, كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا أَحَارَ إِلَىَّ جَوَابًا I spoke to him, and he did not return to me an answer, or a reply. (S, A, * Msb, * K, *) And in like manner, مَا أَحَارَ بِكَلِمَةِ [He did not return a word in answer, or in reply]. (TA.) A2: احارت She (a camel) had a young one such as is called حُوَار. (K.) 6 تحاوروا, (Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَحَاوُرٌ, (S, K,) They returned one another answer for answer, or answers for answers; held a dialogue, colloquy, conference, disputation, or debate, one with another; or bandied words, one with another; syn. تَجَاوَبُوا, (S, K,) and تَرَاجَعُوا, (Jel in lviii. & ا,) or تَرَاجَعُوا الكَلَامَ, (Msb, K,) or تَرَاجَعُوا فِى الكَلَامِ. (Bd in lviii. 1.) [And They vied, or competed, or contended for superiority, one with another, in glorying, or boasting, or the like: see 3.]9 احوّر, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. اِحْوِرَارٌ, (K,) It (a thing, S, Msb, and the body, TA, and the part around the eye, A, and bread, S, or some other thing, TA) was, or became, white. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: See also 1, last sentence.10 استحارهُ He desired him to speak [or to return an answer or a reply; he interrogated him]. (S, K.) And استحار الدَّارَ He desired the house to speak [to him; he interrogated the house; as a lover does in addressing the house in which the object of his love has dwelt]. (IAar.) حَوْرٌ inf. n. of حَارَ. (S, A, Msb, K.) [Hence,] نَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ الحَوْرِ بَعْدَ الكَوْنِ, (TA on the authority of 'Ásim, and so in a copy of the S,) a trad., (TA,) meaning We have recourse to God for preservation from decrease, or defectiveness, after increase, or redundance: (S:) or مِنَ الحَوْرِ بَعْدَ الكَوْرِ, (TA, and so in copies of the S,) meaning as above: (S, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) from a bad state of affairs after a good state; from حَوْرٌ signifying the “ untwisting ” a turban: (TA:) or from returning and departing from the community [of the faithful] after having been therein; [from حَارَ “ he untwisted ” his turban, and] from كَارَ “ he twisted ” his turban upon his head. (Zj, TA. [See also كَوْرٌ.]) ↓ فِى مَحَارَةٍ ↓ حُورٌ, (S, K,) and حَوْرٌ, (K,) Deficiency upon deficiency, (S, K,) and return upon return, (TA,) is a prov., applied to him whose good fortune is retiring; (S, K;) or to him who is not in a good state; or to him who has been in a good state and has become in a bad state: (K:) or the saying is, ↓ فُلَانٌ حَوْرٌ فِى مَحَارَةٍ [Such a one is suffering deficiency upon deficiency: حَوْرٌ being used in the sense of حَائِرٌ, like بَوْرٌ in the sense of بَائِرٌ]: so heard by IAar; and said by him to be applied in the case of a thing not in a good state; or to him who has been in a good state and has become in a bad state. (TA.) One says also, البَاطِلُ فِى

حَوْرٍ What is false, or vain, is waning and retreating. (TA.) And وَبُورٍ ↓ إِنَّهُ فِى حُورٍ, (K,) or حُورٍ بُورٍ, (K in art. حير,) Verily he is engaged in that which is not a skilful nor a good work or performance: (فِى غَيْرِ صَنْعَةٍ وَلَا إِجَادَةٍ: so in the L: in the K, for احادة is put إِتَاوَةٍ [which is evidently a mistake]: TA:) or he is in a bad state, and a state of perdition: (TA in art. حير:) or in error. (K. [See also بُورٌ: and see بَائِرٌ, in art. بور; where it is implied that بور is here an imitative sequent of حور.]) And ذَهَبَ فُلَانٌ فِى

وَالبَوَارُ ↓ الحَوَارِ Such a one went away in a defective and bad state. (L, TA.) b2: See also حَوِيرٌ.

A2: What is beneath the [part called] كَوْرٌ of a turban. (K.) A3: The bottom of a well or the like. (K.) b2: Hence, (TA,) هُوَ بَعِيدُ الحَوْرِ (assumed tropical:) He is intelligent; (K;) deep in penetration. (TA.) حُورٌ: see حَوْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also [app. A return of flour for the loan of a hand-mill; like عُقْبَةٌ (a subst. from أَعْقَبَ) signifying some broth which is returned with a borrowed cooking-pot:] a subst. from احارت in the phrase طَحَنَتْ فَمَا

أَحَارَتْ شَيْئًا [q. v. suprà]. (S, K.) حَوَرٌ Intense whiteness of the white of the eye and intense blackness of the black thereof, (S, Msb, K,) with intense whiteness, or fairness, of the rest of the person: (K:) or intense whiteness of the white of the eye and intense blackness of the black thereof, with roundness of the black, and thinness of the eyelids, and whiteness, or fairness, of the parts around them: (K:) or blackness of the whole [of what appears] of the eye, as in the eyes of gazelles (AA, S, Msb, K) and of bulls and cows: (AA, S:) and this is not found in human beings, but is attributed to them by way of comparison: (AA, S, Msb, K:) As says, I know not what is الحَوَرُ in the eye. (S.) b2: Also [simply] Whiteness. (A.) A2: Red skins, with which [baskets of the kind called] سِلَال are covered: (S, K:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: (S:) pl. حُورَانٌ: (K, TA: in the CK حَوَرانٌ:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) a hide dyed red: (K, TA:) or red skins, not [such as are termed] قَرَظِيَّة: pl. أَحْوَارٌ: (AHn:) or skins tanned without قَرَظ: or thin white skins, of which [receptacles of the kind called] أَسْفَاط are made: or prepared sheep-skins. (TA.) [In the present day, pronounced حَوْر, applied to Sheep-skin leather.]

A3: A certain kind of tree: the people of Syria apply the name of حَوْرٌ to the plane-tree (دُلْب); but it is حَوَرٌ, with two fet-hahs: in the account of simples in the Kánoon [of Ibn-Seenà], it is said to be a certain tree of which the gum is called كهرباء: (Mgh:) [by the modern Egyptians (pronounced حَوْر) applied to the white poplar:] a certain kind of wood, called البَيْضَآءُ, (K,) because of its whiteness. (TA.) A4: الحَوَرُ The third star, [e,] that next the body, of the three in the tail of Ursa Major. (Mir-át ez-Zemán, &c. [In the K it is incorrectly said to be the third star of بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ الصُّغْرَى. See القَائِدُ, in art. قود.]) حَارَةٌ [A quarter of a city or town; generally consisting of several narrow streets, or lanes, of houses, and having but one general entrance, with a gate, which is closed at night; or, which is the case in some instances, having a by-street passing through it, with a gate at each end:] a place of abode of a people, whereof the houses are contiguous: (Msb:) any place of abode of a people whereof the houses are near [together]: (K in art. حير:) a spacious encompassed tract or place; syn. مُسْتَدَارٌ مِنْ فَضَآءٍ: (A:) pl. حَارَاتٌ. (A, Msb.) حِيرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

حَوْرَآءُ fem. of أَحْوَرُ [q. v.]. b2: Also A round, or circular, burn, made with a hot iron; (K;) [around the eye of a camel; (see 2;)] so called because its place becomes white. (TA.) حَوَرْوَرَةٌ: see حَوَارِيَّةٌ, under حَوَارِىٌّ.

حَوَارٌ: see حَوِيرٌ: A2: and see حَوْرٌ.

حُوَارٌ, (S, K, &c.,) and sometimes with kesr [↓ حِوَارٌ], (K,) but this latter is a bad form, (Yaakoob,) A young camel when just born: (T, K:) or until weaned; (S, K;) i. e. from the time of its birth until big and weaned; (TA;) when it is called فَصِيلٌ: (S:) fem. with ة: (IAar:) pl. (of pauc., S) أَحْوِرَةٌ and (of mult., S) حِيرَانٌ and حُورَانٌ. (S, K.) [Its flesh is insipid: see a verse cited as an ex. of the word مَسِيخٌ.]

b2: [Hence,] عَقْرَبُ الحِيرَانِ The scorpion of winter; because it injures the حُوَار, (K, TA,) i. e. the young camel. (TA.) حِوَارٌ: see حَوِيرٌ: A2: and see also حُوَارٌ.

حَوِيرٌ (S, K,) and ↓ حَوِيرَةٌ, (S, and so in some copies of the K,) or ↓ حُوَيْرَةٌ, (so in other copies of the K and in the TA,) and ↓ حَوَارٌ (S, K) and ↓ حِوَارٌ (K) and ↓ مَحُورَةٌ (S, K, TA, in the CK مَحْوُرَةٌ) and ↓ مَحْوَرَةٌ and ↓ مُحَاوَرَةٌ [originally an inf. n. of 3] and ↓ حِيرَةٌ (K) and ↓ حَوْرٌ, (TA,) An answer; a reply. (S, K.) You say, مَا رَجَعَ إِلَىَّ حَوِيرًا, &c., He did not return to me an answer, or a reply. (S.) [See a verse of Tarafeh cited voce مُجْمِدٌ.]

حَوِيرَةٌ, or حُوَيْرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

حَوَارِىٌّ One who whitens clothes, or garments, by washing and beating them. (S, M, Msb, K.) Hence its pl. حَوَارِيُّونَ is applied to The companions [i. e. apostles and disciples] of Jesus, because their trade was to do this. (S, M, Msb.) [Or it is so applied from its bearing some one or another of the following significations.] b2: One who is freed and cleared from every vice, fault, or defect: [or] one who has been tried, or proved, time after time, and found to be free from vices, faults, or defects; from حَارَ “ he returned. ” (Zj, TA.) b3: A thing that is pure, or unsullied: anything of a pure, or an unsullied, colour: and hence, b4: One who advises, or counsels, or acts, sincerely, honestly, or faithfully: (Sh:) or a friend; or true, or sincere, friend: (TA:) or an assistant: (S, Msb, K:) or a strenuous assistant: (TA:) or an assistant of prophets: (K:) or a particular and select friend and assistant of a prophet: and hence the pl. is applied to the companions of Mohammad also. (Zj.) b5: A relation. (K.) b6: And حَوَارِيَّةٌ A white, or fair, woman; (A;) as also ↓ حَوَرْوَرَةٌ; (T, K;) and so ↓ حَوْرَآءُ, without implying حَوَرٌ of the eye: (TA:) pl. of the first حَوَارِيَّاتٌ: (A:) or this pl. signifies women of the cities or towns; (K;) so called by the Arabs of the desert because of their whiteness, or fairness, and cleanness: (TA:) or women clear in complexion and skin; because of their whiteness, or fairness: (TA:) or women inhabitants of regions, districts, or tracts, of cities, towns, or villages, and of cultivated land: (Ksh and Bd in iii. 45:) or [simply] women; because of their whiteness, or fairness. (S.) حُوَّارَى White, applied to flour: (A, * K:) such is the best and purest of flour: (K, TA:) and in like manner applied to bread: (A:) or whitened, applied to flour; (S;) and, in this latter sense, to any food. (S, K.) [See also سَمِيدٌ: and see مُحَوَّرٌ.]

رَجُلٌ حَائِرٌ بَائِرٌ A man in a defective and bad state: (S, TA:) or perishing, or dying. (S.) [See the same phrase in art. حير: see also حَوْرٌ: and see بَائِرٌ, in art. بور; where it is said that بائر is here an imitative sequent of حائر.]

A2: See also مَحَارَةٌ.

أَحْوَرُ, (K,) applied to a man, (TA,) Having eyes characterized by the quality termed حَوَرٌ as explained above: (K:) and so حَوْرَآءُ, [the fem.,] applied to a woman: (S, Msb, K: *) pl. حُورٌ. (S, K.) And حُورُ العِينِ, applied to women, Having eyes like those of gazelles and of cows. (AA, S.) Az says that a woman is not termed حَوْرَآء unless Combining حَوَر of the eyes with whiteness, or fairness, of complexion. (TA.) See also حَوَارِيَّةٌ, under حَوَارِىٌّ. b2: طَرْفٌ أَحْوَرُ An eye of pure white and black. (A.) b3: الأَحْوَرُ A certain star: (S, K:) or (K) Jupiter. (S, K.) A2: Also (tropical:) Intellect: (ISk, S, K:) or pure, or clear, intellect; like an eye so termed, of pure white and black. (A.) So in the saying, مَا يَعِيشُ بُأَحْوَرَ (tropical:) [He does not live by intellect: or by pure, or clear, intellect]. (ISk, S, A.) أَحْوَرِىٌّ A man (TA) white, or fair, (S, K,) of the people of the towns or villages. (TA.) [See also حَوَارِىٌّ; of which the fem. is applied in like manner to a woman.]

مَحَارٌ: see مَحَارَةٌ, in two places.

مِحْوَرٌ The pin of wood, or, as is sometimes the case, of iron, on which the sheave of a pulley turns; (S;) the iron [pin] that unites the bent piece of iron which is on each side of the sheave of a pulley, and in which it [the محور] is inserted, and the sheave itself: and a piece of wood which unites (تَجْمَعُ) the sheave of a large pulley [app. with what is on each side of the latter; for it seems to mean here, also, the pivot]: (K:) some say that it is so called because it turns round, returning to the point from which it departed: others, that it is so called because, by its revolving, it is polished so that it becomes white: (Zj:) pl. مَحَاوِرُ. (A.) One says, قَلِقَتْ مَحَاوِرُهُ, meaning (tropical:) His circumstances, (A,) or affair, or case, (K,) became unsettled: (A, K:) from the state of the pin of the sheave of a pulley when it becomes smooth, and the hole becomes large, so that it wabbles. (A.) b2: Also A thing (K) of iron (TA) upon which turns the tongue of a buckle at the end of a waist-belt. (K.) b3: and An iron instrument for cauterizing [app. of a circular form: see 2]. (K.) b4: And The wooden implement (S, K) of the baker, or maker of bread, (S,) with which he expands the dough, (K,) and prepares it, and makes it round, to put it into the hot ashes in which it is baked: (TA:) so called because of its turning round upon the dough, as being likened to the محور of the sheave of a pulley, and because of its roundness. (T.) مَحَارَةٌ: see حَوْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A place that returns [like a circle]: or in which a return is made [to the point of commencement]. (K.) b2: A mother-of-pearl shell; an oyster-shell: (S, IAth, Msb, K:) or the like thereof, of bone: (S, K:) pl. مَحَاوِرُ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ مَحَارٌ. (L.) b3: And hence, A thing in which water is collected; as also ↓ حَائِرٌ. (IAth.) b4: [Hence also,] An oyster [itself]; expl. by دَابَّةٌ فِى الصَّدَفَيْنِ. (L in art. محر.) b5: The cavity of the ear; (K;) i. e. the external, deep, and wide, cavity, around the ear-hole; or the صَدَفَة [or concha] of the ear. (TA.) b6: The part of the shoulder-blade called its مَرْجِع [q. v.]: (S, K:) or the small round hollow that is in that part of the shoulder-blade in which the head of the humerus turns. (TA.) b7: The small round cavity of the hip: and the dual signifies the two round heads [?] of the hips, in which the heads of the thighs turn. (TA.) b8: The palate; syn. حَنَكٌ: and without ة, i. e. ↓ مَحَارٌ, the same, of a man: and, this latter, the place, in a beast, where the farrier performs the operation termed تَحْنِيكٌ: (TA:) or the former signifies the upper part of the mouth of a horse, internally: (IAar, TA:) or the inner part of the palate: (Abu-l-' Omeythil, TA:) or, [which seems to be the same,] the portion of the upper part of the mouth which is behind the فِرَاشَة [or فِرَاش]: and the passage of the breath to the innermost parts of the nose: (TA:) or مَحَارَةُ الحَنَكِ signifies the part [of the palate] which is a little above the place where the farrier performs the operation termed تحنيك. (S.) b9: The part between the frog and the extremity of the fore part of a solid hoof. (Abu-l-' Omeythil, K.) What is beneath the إِطَار [q. v., app. here meaning the اطار of the hoof of a horse or the like]. (TA.) And The مَنْسِم [i. e. toe, or nail, &c.,] of a camel. (TA.) A3: A thing resembling [the kind of vehicle called] a هَوْدَج; (K;) pronounced by the vulgar [مَحَارَّة,] with teshdeed: pl. مَحَارْاتٌ (TA) [and مَحَائِرُ, which is often applied in the present day to the dorsers, or panniers, or oblong chests, which are borne, one on either side, by a camel, and, with a small tent over them, compose a هودج]: the [ornamented هودج called the]

مَحْمِل [vulgarly pronounced مَحْمَل] of the pilgrims [which is borne by a camel, but without a rider, and is regarded as the royal banner of the caravan; such as is described and figured in my work on the Modern Egyptians]. (Msb.) A4: I. q. خَطٌّ [A line, &c.]. (K.) b2: And i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [A side, region, quarter, tract, &c.]. (K.) مَحُورَةٌ and مَحْوَرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

مُحْوَرُّ القِدْرِ The whiteness of the froth, or of the scum, of the cooking-pot. (S.) b2: جَفْنَةٌ مُحْوَرَّةٌ, [in the copies of the K, erroneously, مُحَوَّرَةٌ,] A bowl whitened by [containing] camel's hump, (S, L, K,) or its fat. (A.) مُحَوَّرٌ Dough of which the surface has been moistened with water, so that it is shining. (TA.) [See also 2.] b2: أَعْيُنٌ مُحَوَّرَاتٌ, in a verse of El-'Ajjáj, Eyes of a clear white [in the white parts] and intensely black in the black parts. (S.) A2: A boot lined with skin of the kind called حَوَرٌ. (K.) مُحَوِّرٌ A possessor of [flour, or bread, such as is termed] حُوَّارَى. (TA.) مُحَاوَرَةٌ: see حَوِيرٌ.

حدس

1 حَدَسَ, [aor., app., حَدِسَ and Bٌ,] inf. n. حَدْسٌ, He threw, cast, or shot. (TA.) You say, حَدَسْتُ بِسَهْمٍ I shot an arrow. (S.) And حَدَسْتُهُ بِكَذَا I threw, cast, or shot, at him with such a thing. (A.) A2: Hence, حَدْسُ الظَّنِّ The conjecturing without evidence or proof. (TA.) You say, حَدَسَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K) and حَدُسَ, (K,) inf. n. حَدْسٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He opined: (S, A, K:) or he formed a confirmed opinion: (Msb:) he formed a surmise, or an opinion; or he spoke conjecturally, or surmising: (S, A, K:) he surmised respecting the meanings of speech or language, (A, K,) and things. (K.) And هُوَ يَحْدِسُ He says a thing according to his opinion. (S, TA.) And بَلَغَنِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ أَمْرٌ وَ أَنَا أَحْدِسُ فِيهِ A thing has been told me of such a one, and I speak of it conjecturally, or surmising. (TA.) and حَدَسْتُ عَلَيْهِ ظَنِّى I formed my opinion of it, not being certain of it; as also نَدَسْتُ. (TA.) and حَدَسَ الكَلَامَ عَلَى عَوَاهِنِهِ He spoke without anything to guide him, and without caution. (TA.) And حَدَسَ الشَّىْءَ He computed by conjecture the quantity, measure, or the like, of the thing. (A.) And قَالَهُ بِالحَدْسِ [generally meaning He said it conjecturally, or surmising: but also meaning] he said it by means of intuition. (A, TA.) [حَدْسٌ is also explained in the A as signifying نَظَرٌ خَافٍ: in the TA نَظَرٌ خَفِىٌّ: both app. meaning An obscure, or an occult, mode of judging of a thing.]

b2: حَدْسٌ is also syn. with قَصْدٌ, (K,) used transitively, (T, K,) [app. signifying The aiming at a thing,] by, or with, whatever thing it be; [app. meaning by any mental operation;] by opinion, or by judgment, or by intelligence or cunning sagacity. (TA.) A3: حَدَسَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (El-Umawee, Msb,) aor. ـِ (El-Umawee, TA,) inf. n. حَدْسٌ, (S,) He went away, (S, Msb, TA,) or journeyed, (TA,) into, or in, or through, the country, or land, without guidance: (S, Msb, TA:) or simply he went away into, or in, the country, or land; as also عَدَسَ. (El-Umawee, TA.) b2: [Hence, app., the phrase حَدَسَ فِى صَدْرِى شَىْءٌ, which seems to mean A thing came at random into my mind. See هَجَسَ.] b3: Also حَدَسَ, inf. n. as above, He went in a right course, or direction: (TA:) or in one regular, uniform, or constant, course: (O, K:) or, accord. to Az, not in one regular, uniform, or constant, course. (TA.) b4: And حَدَسَ فِى السَّيْرِ, (Msb,) inf. n. حَدْسٌ, (K,) He hastened, or was quick, in pace, or in journeying. (Msb, K.) 5 تحدّس الأَخْبَارَ, (S, K,) and عَنِ الأَخْبَارِ, (Az, S, A, K,) He sought to learn the news, or tidings, without others' knowing of him; (Az, S, M, A, K;) as also تندّس عنها, and توّجس: (Az, TA:) or he sought for, or inquired respecting, the news, or tidings, in order to know what others knew not. (A.) حَدَّاسٌ One who opines, or conjectures, much; syn. ظَنَّانٌ. (TA.)

حمش

1 حَمِشَ, (A, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. حَمْشٌ and حَمَشٌ, (K,) He (a man) became slender in the shanks. (A, K.) b2: حَمِشَ عُظَيْمُ سَاقِهِ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) and حَمِشَتْ قَوَائِمُهُ, or حَمَشَتْ; (accord. to different copies of the S;) and حَمِشَتِ السَّاقُ, inf. n. حَمْشٌ; (so in a copy of the A;) or حَمَشَتِ السَّاقُ, aor. ـِ (K;) and حَمُشَت, (Lh, A, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. حُمُوشَةٌ (A, K) and حَمَاشةٌ, (TA,) The small bone of his shank, (Msb,) and his legs, (S,) and the shank (A, K) of a woman, (A,) became slender. (S, A, Msb, K) And the like is said, metaphorically, of the whole body. (TA.) You say also, الوَتَرُ ↓ استحمش The bow-string became slender: and its being so is better. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَحْمَشَ see the last sentence above.

حَمْشٌ: see the next paragraph, throughout.

حَمِشٌ: see the next paragraph, throughout.

حَمِيشٌ: see the next paragraph, throughout.

أَحْمَشُ السَّاقَيْنِ Slender in the shanks, applied to a man; (S, K) as also الساقين ↓ حَمْشُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ حَمِيشُهُمَا: (TA:) and so الساقين ↓ حَمْشةُ, applied to a woman. (A.) and الخِلْقَةِ ↓ حَمْشُ (tropical:) Slender in make, applied to a man. (TA.) أَحْمَشُ also signifies Slender, applied to the small bone of the shank: (Msb:) and so حَمْشَآءُ [the fem.], and ↓ حَمْشَةٌ, and ↓ حَمِيشَةٌ, applied to the shank (سَاق), and to the fore arm (ذِرَاع), and to the legs (قَوَائِم): and [the pls.]

حُمْشٌ (TA) and حِمَاشٌ, (K,) applied to shanks (سُوق): (K, TA:) and ↓ حَمِشٌ, and ↓ حَمْشٌ, and ↓ مُسْتَحْمِشٌ, applied to a bow-string; (K, * TA;) the last on the authority of Ibráheem El-Harbee; (TA;) and each of the last three epithets with ة added, applied to bow-strings. (K, * TA.) Yousay also ↓ لِثَةٌ حَمِشَةٌ A gum having little flesh: (K:) or a thin gum. (TA.) مُسْتَحْمِشٌ: see أَحْمَشُ.

حرف

1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (AO, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (K:) or altered it therefrom: (Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (K, * TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (S, * TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the Kur iv. 48, &c.: (TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]

A2: See also 7.

A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (As, S, K,) or ـُ (Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (As, S, Msb, K,) from this and that quarter; (As, S;) as also ↓ احترف: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family; expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (IAar, K.) A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (K,) not an inf. n. of un., (TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (K, TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (TA.) A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (Lh, K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (K:) occurring in a trad.: or, accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (K and TA in art. حوف.) b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (S, * K, * TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (TA.) b4: See also 7. b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion; syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (TA.) b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (S, TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (S, TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (S.) A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ: Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or] accord. to Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]

A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (K, TA) that he had done. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (IAar, K.) A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (K, * TA.) 4 احرف: see 1. b2: Also, (inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ, Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (Az, S, Msb, K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S. [See حِلْقٌ.]) A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says As: others say احرث. (S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]

A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7: b2: and see also 1.7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (Az, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احرورف; (Az, S, K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ, inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (Az, S, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,] inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.

حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (S, Mgh, * K, TA,) of anything; (S, K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (L, TA:) pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (S, Msb, K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (Sh, TA:) pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain, TA) حِرَفٌ; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) accord. to Fr, (Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as pl. of طَلٌّ. (Msb, K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the S and K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ, ISd, TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (ISd, TA.) The saying, in the Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (Ksh, Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (Zj, K, Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh, K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (Az, S, K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (Az, TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (Msb.) b2: A letter of the alphabet: pl. حُرُوفٌ: (S, Msb, K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (Msb.) b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed tropical:) [A particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (K:) pl. حُرُوفٌ. (Msb, &c.) b4: And (tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (Kull.) b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs: pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad, TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (A'Obeyd, Az, IAth, K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (Mgh, Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Mgh.) A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (S, K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (Z, O, TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (Z, TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (L:) or emaciated: (S, K:) so As used to say: (S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (K, TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (IAar, TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity; syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (K, TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (S, K,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the Nh. (TA.) A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (Az, Msb, TA;) called by the vulgar, (AHn, TA,) or in the dial. of El-'Irák, (TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (AHn, S, K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (Msb:) n. un. with ة, (TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (S, K, TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ, K, i. e. يَمِيلُ, TA) to it; (K, TA;) a subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. حِرَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.

حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker, syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (K:) and an associate: (KL:) pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this epithet, he is angry. (TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (S, Msb, TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (S, Msb, TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (S, TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (AO, S, K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (AO, S, K. *) b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (S, Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مُحَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (TA.) b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (Fr, TA voce مُحَرِّك, q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (Akh, TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,] accord. to Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (S, Mgh, * K; *) contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are dial. vars. thereof. (TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.

مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (S, TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (Mgh, Msb. *)

حلف

1 حَلَفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَلِفٌ and حَلْفٌ (S, Msb, K) and حِلْفٌ (K) and مَحْلُوفٌ, (S, K,) like مَجْلُودٌ and مَعْقُولٌ and مَعْسُورٌ, (S,) and مَحْلُوفَةٌ (Lth, K) [and مَحْلُوفَآءُ, like مَشْعُورَآءُ, as will be seen from what follows], He swore. (S.) You say, حَلَبَ بِاللّٰهِ [He swore by God]. (Msb.) [And حَلَفَ إِنّهُ كَذَا He swore it was so. and حَلَفَ لَهُ عَلَى كَذَا He swore to him to do such a thing.] And حَلَفَ يَمِينًا (T in art. ثنى, &c.) and عَلَى يَمِينٍ (El-Jámi' es Sagheer voce مَنْ, &c.) [He swore an oath]. And لَا وَمَحْلُوفَائِهِ لَا أَفْعَلُ [No, by the swearing it, (meaning no, I swear it,) I will not do such a thing]. (Ibn-Buzurj, K. *) And مَحْلُوفَةً بِاللّٰهِ, meaning أَحْلِفُ مَحْلُوفَةً, i. e. [I swear] an oath [by God]. (Lth, K.) Accord. to IAth, the primary signification of حَلِفٌ is The act of confederating, or making a compact or confederacy, to aid, or assist; and making an agreement: [but this meaning is afterwards said in the TA to be tropical:] when the object of this, in the time of paganism, was to aid in sedition or the like, and in fighting, and incursions into the territories of enemies, it was forbidden by Mohammad: when the object was to aid the wronged, and for making close the ties of relationship, and the like, he confirmed it. (TA.) 2 حَلَّفَ see 4, in three places.3 حالفهُ عَلَى كَذَا He swore with him respecting, or to do, such a thing. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, * K, * TA,) inf. n. مُحَالَفَةٌ and حِلَافٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He united with him in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant, (S, K, TA,) [respecting, or to do, such a thing.] b3: And حالفهُ (tropical:) He clave, clung, kept, or held fast, to it: (K, TA:) see a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb in art. خلف, voce خَالَفَ. (TA.) You say, حالف بَثَّهُ, and حُزْنَهُ, (tropical:) He clave to his grief, or sorrow. (TA.) b4: مُحَالَفَةٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The establishing a brotherhood. (TA.) It is said in a trad., حَالَفَ بَيْنَ قُرَيْشٍ وَالأَنْصَارِ (assumed tropical:) He established a brotherhood between Kureysh and the Assistants. (S, TA.) 4 احلفهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْلَافٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ حلّفهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَحْلِيفٌ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ استحلفهُ; all signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) [He made him to swear: and ↓ the last, he asked him, or required him, to swear: and he conjured him, or adjured him; as is shown in the M in art. بلو; (see 8 in that art. in the present work;) and so ↓ the second; as is shown in the explanation of the phrase أُعَمِّرُكَ اللّٰهَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ in the K and TA:) said [for instance] of a judge. (TA.) You say, بِاللّٰهِ مَا فَعَلَ ↓ استحلفهُ and ↓ حلّفهُ and احلفهُ [He made him to swear by God he did not, or had not done, such a thing]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَحْلَفَ الغُلَامُ The boy passed the time when he had nearly attained to puberty: (K:) so says Lth; adding that some say, قَدْ أُحْلِفَ: and this Z mentions also, and he adds, so that it was doubted whether he had attained to puberty: but Az says that أَحْلَفَ الغُلَامُ in this sense is a mistake; and that it means only he nearly attained to puberty; so that those who looked at him differed in opinion; one saying and swearing that he had attained to puberty, and another saying and swearing the contrary. (TA.) b3: and أَحْلَفَتِ الحَلْفَآءُ The حلفاء attained to maturity. (IAar, K.) [By الحلفاء would seem to be here meant the clamorous female slave: for when this word means a kind of grass, the ا is not that which denotes the fem. gender, but is a letter of quasicoordination, if its n. of un. be حَلْفَآءَةٌ, as in the Msb: but accord. to Sb, it is in this sense sing. and pl.; and as pl., it is fem.; and in a description of it by Aboo-Ziyád, cited by AHn, it is made fem.]6 تحالفوا عَلَى كَذَا They swore, one to another, respecting, or to do, such a thing; as also ↓ احتلفوا. (TA.) b2: And تحالفوا (tropical:) They confederated; or united in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant. (S. K, TA.) And تحالفا (assumed tropical:) They two united in a confederacy &c. that their case should be one in respect of aiding and defending. (Msb.) and تحالفا بِالأَيْمَانِ أَنْ يَكُونَ أَمْرُهُمَا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) They two united in a confederacy &c., by oaths, that their case should be one. (Lth, TA.) 8 إِحْتَلَفَ see 6.10 إِسْتَحْلَفَ see 4, in three places.

حِلْفٌ (assumed tropical:) A confederacy, league, compact, or covenant, (S, Msb, K,) between persons; (S, K;) as also ↓ حِلْفَةٌ: (Msb:) because it is not concluded, or ratified, but by swearing. (ISd, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Friendship; or true, or sincere, friendship. (K.) A2: (tropical:) A confederate of another; one who unites in a confederacy, league, compact, or covenant; (TA;) as also ↓ حَلِيفٌ: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or a friend, or sincere friend, who swears to his companion that he will not act unfaithfully with him: (K:) or a friend, or true friend, is thus called because he so swears; as also ↓ حَلِيفٌ: (TA:) pl. of the former أَحْلَافٌ; (S, * K;) and of the latter حُلَفَآءُ. (TA.) By the احلاف are meant, in a poem of Zuheyr, Asad and Ghatafán; because they united in a confederacy to aid each other; and the same appellation is applied to a party of Thakeef; (S, K;) and to six tribes of Kureysh, namely, 'Abd-ed-Dár, Kaab, Jumah, Sahm, Makhzoom, and 'Adee: (K:) and ↓ الحَلِيفَانِ to Benoo-Asad and Teiyi, (S, O, K,) or Asad and Ghatafán; (ISd, TA;) and Fezárah and Asad also (S, K) are termed حَلِيفَانِ. (S.) حَلَفٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلْفَةٌ An oath. (Msb, TA. *) You say, حَلَفَ حَلْفَةً, (TA,) and ↓ مَحْلُوفَةً, i. e. He swore an oath; (Lth, K;) and ↓ حَلَفَ أُحْلُوفَةً [which means the same]: (Lh, TA:) this last word is of the measure أُفْعُولَة from الحَلِفُ. (K.) b2: See also حِلْفٌ.

حَلَفَةٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلِفَةٌ: see حَلْفَآء. b2: أَرْضٌ حَلِفَةٌ Land abounding with [the kind of grass called] حَلْفَآء; as also ↓ محلفة [app. مَحْلَفَةٌ]: (TA:) or producing حلفاء. (AHn, TA.) حَلْفَآء [app. حَلْفَآءٌ accord. to some, and حَلْفَآءٌ accord. to others, (in the CK, erroneously, حُلَفاء,)], (S, Msb, K, &c.,) in measure like حَمْرَآء, [and if so, حَلْفَآءُ, but see what follows,] (Msb,) and ↓ حَلَفٌ, (Akh, K,) [A kind of high, coarse grass; called by the botanists poa multiflora, and poa cynosuroïdes;] a certain plant, (S, Msb, K,) [growing] in water, (S,) well known, (Msb,) of those termed أَغْلَاث: (TA:) Aboo-Ziyád says of the حلفاء that it seldom grows anywhere but near to water or to the bottom of a valley; and is long, or tall, (سلبة,) rough to the touch; seldom, or never, does any one lay hold upon it, for fear of his hand being cut; sometimes camels and sheep or goats eat a little of it; and it is much liked by oxen: (AHn, TA:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. ↓ حَلَفَةٌ, (S, K,) accord. to Az, (S,) or Aboo-Ziyád, and AHn, (TA,) and ↓ حَلِفَةٌ, (S, K,) accord. to As, (S,) and حَلْفَآءَةٌ, (Msb, K,) like صَحْرَآءَةٌ: (K: [in the CK like صَحْرَةٌ, and omitted in my copy of the TA:]) [this last n. un. requires that the coll. gen. n. should be حَلْفَآءٌ: (see 4, last sentence:) but] Sb says that حلفاء is sing. and pl.: [see شَجَرٌ:] (TA:) [as pl., it is fem.; and it is made fem. in the description by Aboo-Ziyád, cited above:] sometimes it has حَلَافِىُّ for pl.: and its dim. is ↓ حُلَيْفَيَّةٌ. (O, TA.) أَنَا الَّذِي فِى الحَلْفَآءِ, occurring in a trad., means (assumed tropical:) I am the lion; because that beast repairs to the places where the حلفاء grows: and [hence,] كَأَنَّهُ أَخُو الحَلْفَآءِ means (assumed tropical:) As though he were the lion. (TA.) A2: حَلْفَآءُ also signifies A clamorous female slave: (IAar, K:) pl. حُلُفٌ. (K.) حَلِيفٌ: see حِلْفٌ, in three places. b2: (assumed tropical:) Whatever cleaves, clings, keeps, or holds fast, to another thing, is termed its حَلِيف: whence one says, فُلَانٌ حَلِيفُ الجُودِ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one cleaves to liberality], &c. (TA.) You say also, هُوَ حَلِيفُ السَّهَرِ, meaning (tropical:) He is sleepless. (TA.) b3: حَلِيفُ اللِّسَانِ (tropical:) Sharp-tongued; (S, Z, K;) chaste, or eloquent, in speech; (S;) who conforms to the desire of his companion, as though he were a confederate. (Z, TA.) b4: حَلِيفُ الغَرْبِ, in a poem of Sa'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, (Skr, K, * TA,) means (tropical:) A sharp spear-head, (K,) or a spear with a sharp head: (Skr, TA:) or it means a brisk, lively, or sprightly, horse. (Skr, K.) Az says, سِنَانٌ حَلِيفٌ means (tropical:) A sharp spear-head: and I think that it is termed حليف because the sharpness of its point is likened to the sharpness of the points of [the grass called] حَلْفَآء. (TA.) حَلَافَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Sharpness, in anything. (TA.) وَادٍ حُلَافِىٌّ A valley that produces [the grass called] حَلْفَآء. (Sgh, K.) حُلَيْفِيَّةٌ: see حَلْفَآء.

حَلَّافٌ and حَلَّافَةٌ: see what next follows.

حَالِفٌ [Swearing:] and ↓ حَلَّافٌ that swears much, or often; and so ↓ حَلَّافَةٌ [but in a more intensive sense]. (TA.) مَا أَحْلَفَ لِسَانَهُ (tropical:) How sharp-tongued is he, (K, * TA,) and how chaste, or eloquent, in speech! (TA.) أُحْلُوفَةٌ: see حِلْفَةٌ.

مُحْلِفٌ (tropical:) Anything respecting which one doubts, so that people swear respecting it; (ISd, L, K, TA;) so called because it occasions swearing: (ISd, TA:) such is also termed مُحْنِثٌ. (L.) [Hence,] (tropical:) A boy of whom one doubts whether he have attained to puberty. (IAar, TA.) [and hence] it is said, حَضَارِ وَالوَزْنُ مُحْلَفَانِ (tropical:) [Hadári and El-Wezn are two causes of swearing]: these are two stars: the reason of the saying is that which is explained in art. حضر, voce حَضَارِ. (S, K.) Hence, also, كُمَيْتٌ مُحْلِفَةٌ, (S,) or كميت مُحْلِفٌ, (K,) i. e. (tropical:) [A bay] not of a clear hue; (S, TA;) between that termed أَحْوَى and that termed أَحَمُّ: accord. to the K, of a clear hue; but this is the meaning of غَيْرُ مُحْلِفٍ. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely Hubeyreh Ibn-'Abd-Menáf El-Yarboo'ee, also called, after his mother, Ibn-El-Kelhabeh, (IB,) كُمَيْتٌ غَيْرُ مُحْلِفَةٍ وَلٰكِنْ كَلَوْنِ الصِّرْفِ عُلَّ بِهِ الأَدِيمُ [A bay not of a dubious hue, but like the colour of the صرف (q. v.) with which the hide is dyed a second time]; i. e., of a clear hue, so that one does not swear that she is otherwise than such: (S, L:) accord. to IAar, not requiring her owner to swear that he has seen her like in generousness: but the former is the right meaning. (L.) Also نَاقَةٌ مُحْلِفَةٌ (tropical:) A she-camel respecting the fatness of which one doubts. (TA.) محلفة [app. مَحْلَفَةٌ]: see حَلِفَةٌ.

مَحْلُوفَةٌ: see حِلْفَةٌ.

حرق

1 حَرَقَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَرْقٌ: see 4.

A2: حَرَقَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. حَرْقٌ, (S,) He filed it: and he rubbed one part of it with another. (S, K.) b2: And hence, (S,) حَرَقَ نَابَهُ, aor. ـُ and حَرِقَ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He ground his dog-tooth, so that it made a grating sound: (S, K:) when said of a stallion-camel, denoting threatening: and, accord. to IDrd, when the like is said of a she-camel, it is asserted to denote a consequence of fatigue. (TA.) And الأَسْنَانَ ↓ حَرَّقَ (K and TA in art. رعظ) He grated the teeth. (TA in that art.) One says, فُلَانٌ يَحْرُقُ عَلَيْكَ الأُرَّمَ غَيْظًا (S, A *) Such a one grinds together the ارّم [or teeth, or molar teeth, (as the word is generally understood to mean in this case, but other meanings are assigned to it,)] at thee [in anger, or rage], like one filing: (A, TA:) or, as some say, الأُزَّمَ [the canine teeth]: and the verb is also used without the objective complement, because the meaning is understood. (Ham p. 115.) IDrd makes the act to be that of the canine tooth; saying, حَرَقَ نَابُ البَعِيرِ, meaning The canine tooth of the camel made a grating sound. (TA.) AHát also mentions the saying, فُلَانٌ يَحْرُقُ نَابُهُ عَلَىَّ [Such a one's canine tooth makes a grating sound at me]: and Zuheyr uses the phrase يَحْرُقُ نَابُهُ عَلَيْهِ. (Ham p. 286.) b3: حَرْقٌ also signifies The act of eating to the uttermost. (IAar, TA.) A3: حَرُقَ He (a man) was, or became, evil in disposition. (TA.) A4: حَرَقٌ, as an inf. n., [i. e. of حَرِقَ,] signifies A garment's, or cloth's, being burnt by beating [with too much violence]. (KL.) b2: And The springing forth, or shooting forth, vehemently, of lightning. (KL.) A5: حَرِقَ شَعَرُهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. حَرَقٌ, (TA,) His hair fell off piecemeal. (S, K.) [And حَرِقَتِ النَاصِيَةُ The forelock of the horse became thin, or scanty: for it is said that] الحَرَقُ in relation to the ناصية is like السَّفَا. (TA.) And حَرِقَتِ اللِّحْيَةُ The beard was, or became, shorter upon the chin than upon the two sides of the face. (TA.) A6: حَرِقَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَرَقٌ, His حَارِقَة [q. v.] became cut, or severed: said of a man: in speaking of a camel, حُرِقَ, like عُنِىَ, is more commonly used than حَرِقَ. (TA.) 2 حرّقهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيقٌ: see 4. b2: تحريق also signifies Fire's making a mark, or impression, upon a thing. (TA.) b3: حرّق الإِبِلَ, said of pasturage, (K,) [particularly] of what is termed حَمْض, (S,) It made the camels thirsty. (S, K.) A2: See also 1.3 حَارَقَهَا, (K,) inf. n. مُحَارَقَةٌ, (S,) He lay with her (S, K) [عَلَى الحَارِقَةِ, i. e.] on the side. (K.) 4 أَحْرَقَتْهُ النَّارُ, inf. n. إِحْرَاقٌ, (Msb,) [The fire burned him.] And احرقهُ بِالنَّارِ (S, Msb, K) [He burned him, or it, with fire]: this phrase, and بالنار ↓ حَرَقَهُ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْقٌ, (TA,) signify the same; as also ↓ حرّقهُ: (K:) or this last [signifies he burned him, or it, much, or frequently, or repeatedly; for it] denotes muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action. (S, Msb, TA.) b2: [Hence, احرقهُ (assumed tropical:) It pained him; or caused him burning pain: said of beating, or a blow; and of a galling, or chafing; and of fever, passionate desire, rage or anger, hunger, &c.] And أَحْرَقَنَا فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one afflicted, distressed, annoyed, molested, or hurt, us. (TA.) And احرقهُ بِاللِّسَانِ (assumed tropical:) He blamed, upbraided, or reproached, him; detracted from his reputation. (Msb.) and احرق البَرْدُ الكَلَأَ [(assumed tropical:) The cold nipped, shrunk, shrivelled, or blasted, the herbage; like أَنْضَجَ, q. v.; and like the Lat. “ ussit,” and “ adussit: ” comp. Virgil, Georg. i. 93, “Boreæ penetrabile frigus adurat: ” and Lucan, iv. 52, “Urunt montana nives: ” and Ecclesiasticus, xliii. 20 and 21, “ When the cold north wind bloweth, and the water is congealed into ice, it abideth upon every gathering together of water, and clotheth the water as with a breastplate: it devoureth the mountains, and burneth the wilderness, and consumeth the grass as fire ”]: (S and K voce حَسَّ:) and [in like manner] احرق النَّبَاتَ is said of heat, and of cold, and of a wind, and of other banes, or causes of mischief or harm. (TA.) And احرقهُ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, destroyed, or caused to perish, him, or it. (TA.) b3: You say also, أَحْرِقْ لَنَا فِى هٰذِهِ القَصَبَةِ نَارًا Give thou, or bring thou, to us, upon this cane, some fire. (IAar, TA.) A2: Also احرق He made, or prepared, what is termed حَرِيقَة. (K.) 5 تَحَرَّقَ see 8. b2: [Hence,] هُوَ يَتَحَرَّقُ جُوعًا (assumed tropical:) [He burns with hunger]: like يَتَضَرَّمُ. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَقَ احتراق [It burned, or became burnt,] بِالنَّارِ [with fire]: and ↓ تحرّق [it burned, or became burnt, much, or frequently, or repeatedly]: each is a quasi-pass.; (S Msb, K, TA;) [the former, of احرق or حَرَقَ; and the latter, of حرّق.] b2: [Hence,] one says of a horse, يَحْتَرِقُ فِى عَدْوِهِ [(assumed tropical:) He is fiery, ardent, or vehement, in his running]. (S.) And احتراق النَّبَاتُ [(assumed tropical:) The plant, or plants, or herbage, became nipped, shrunk, shrivelled, or blasted: see 4]: this is said of a consequence of heat, and of cold, and of a wind, and of other banes, or causes of mischief or harm. (TA.) And احترقت الفِضَّةُ (assumed tropical:) The silver became black. (Har p. 114.) And احترق (assumed tropical:) He, or it, perished. (TA.) حَرْقٌ: see حَرَقٌ, in two places.

حُرْقٌ (assumed tropical:) An angry man. (TA.) حَرَقٌ [A burning by means of fire;] a subst. (Mgh, Msb) from الإِحْرَاقُ, (Mgh,) [i. e.] from

إِحْرَاقُ النَّارِ: (Msb:) or fire, (S, Msb, K,) itself; (Msb;) [the fire of a burning house &c.;] as also ↓ حَرِيقٌ (Mgh) and ↓ حَارِقَةٌ: (K:) or the flame of fire. (IAar, Th, Mgh, K.) The first is meant in the saying, ضَالَّةُ المُؤْمِنِ حَرَقُ النَّارِ [The straybeast of the believer is a cause of the burning of fire]: (Mgh:) or it here signifies the flame of fire: a trad., meaning that if any one takes the stray-beast of a believer to possess it, his doing so will bring him to the flame of the fire [of Hell]. (Az, Mgh, TA.) And hence, (Mgh,) الحَرَقُ شَهَادَةٌ, (Mgh, TA,) i. e. [Burning, or] fire, [or flame, is a cause of one's receiving the reward of martyrdom:] occurring in another trad. (TA.) You say also فِى حَرَقِ اللّٰهِ In the fire of God. (S.) and ↓ أَلْقَى اللّٰهُ الكَافِرَ فِى حَارِقَتِهِ, i. e. [May God cast the unbeliever] into his fire. (TA.) b2: A burn, (S,) or a mark of burning, (K,) in a garment, or piece of cloth, from the beating (S, K) of the washer, and whitener, and the like; (K;) and so, sometimes, ↓ حَرْقٌ: (S:) or the former, a hole thus caused in a garment, or piece of cloth; (IAar, Mgh, TA;) and so, sometimes, ↓ the latter; which also signifies a hole caused by fire, in a garment, or piece of cloth. (Mgh.) حَرِقٌ A cloud lightening vehemently. (S, K.) b2: Sharp; as though having the quality of burning; applied to an iron head or blade of an arrow or a spear or sword &c.; (TA;) and so ↓ حُرَقَةٌ and ↓ حُرَّاقَةٌ and ↓ حَارُوقَةٌ, applied to swords. (K.) A2: See also حَرِيقٌ.

A3: حَرِقُ الشَّعَرِ Having the hair falling off piecemeal: (S, K:) and حَرِقُ الجَنَاحِ has a similar meaning; (S, TA;) i. e. [having the feathers of the wing falling off piecemeal: or] short in the wing: or having it cut off. (TA.) And رِيشٌ حَرِقٌ Feathers falling off, and becoming scattered, by degrees. (TA.) and لِحْيَةٌ حَرِقَةٌ A beard that is shorter upon the chin than upon the two sides of the face. (TA.) b2: Also, حَرِقٌ, A man having the extremities much chapped: (K:) so some say. (TA.) b3: See also مَحْرُوقٌ.

حَرْقَةٌ: see what next follows.

حُرْقَةٌ [A state of burning;] a subst. from اِحْتَرَقَ; as also ↓ حَرِيقٌ. (S, K.) Thus the latter means in the Kur [lxxxv. 10], ↓ وَ لَهُمْ عَذَابُ الحَرِيقِ [And for them shall be the punishment of burning: as in other passages in the Kur]. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A burning such as a man experiences from the taste of a thing in which is heat, or from love, or grief; (TA;) and such as is experienced in the eye from ophthalmia, and in the heart from pain: (Lth, TA:) heat; as in the phrase, فِى جَوْفِهِ حُرْقَةٌ [(assumed tropical:) In his belly, or chest, is heat]; and so ↓ حَرْقَةٌ and ↓ حَرِيقَةٌ. (K.) حُرَقَةٌ: see حَرِقٌ.

حُرْقَانٌ A rubbing together of the thighs. (S, K.) حُرَاقٌ: see حِرَاقٌ, in two places. b2: (assumed tropical:) A horse that runs much: (K:) or حُرَاقُ العَدْوِ a horse that is fiery, ardent, or vehement, (يَحْتَرِقُ,) in his running. (S.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Very salt water; (S, K;) as also ↓ حُرَّاقٌ: (K:) as though it burned the fauces of the drinker: (TA:) or such as is exceeded [in saltness] by nothing; that makes the urine of the camels to burn; as also قُعَاعٌ. (IAar, TA.) A2: Also, (S, K, &c.,) and ↓ حُرَاقَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) and ↓ حُرَّاقٌ, (K,) or this is vulgar, (O, TA,) and ↓ حُرَّاقَةٌ, or this is incorrect, (K,) or vulgar, (S, O,) and ↓ حَرُوقٌ and ↓ حَرُّوقٌ (Fr, O, K) and ↓ حَرُوقَآءُ, (Fr, S, O, K,) [Tinder; i. e.] a thing, (S, K,) or burnt rag, (AHn, ISd, TA,) into which fire falls when it is struck: (AHn, S, ISd, K, TA:) or what remains of burnt cloth: (Mgh:) [and any substance used for receiving fire that is struck; as, for instance, the pith of the عُشَر.]

حِرَاقٌ, applied to fire, (نَارٌ,) That burns everything; as also ↓ حُرَاقٌ: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) that spares, or leaves, nothing. (IAar, K.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man that spoils, mars, destroys, or consumes, everything; (IAar, K;) sparing nothing; like the fire thus termed; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ حُرَاقٌ. (K.) In some copies of the K, مَنْ يُفْسِدُ فِى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but correctly, without فى. (TA.) b3: رَمْىٌ حِرَاقٌ (assumed tropical:) A vehement throwing or casting or shooting. (K.) حَرُوقٌ: see حُرَاقٌ.

حَرِيقٌ: see the next paragraph.

حَرَقٌ: see حَرَقٌ: b2: and see also حُرْقَةٌ, in two places. b3: Heat, or (assumed tropical:) cold, or a wind, or some other cause of mischief or harm, that burns, or (assumed tropical:) nips, shrinks, shrivels, or blasts, (يُحْرِقُ,) herbage. (TA.) A2: Also i. q. ↓ مُحْرَقٌ, [i. e. Burnt,] (Mgh, Msb,) and so ↓ مَحْرُوقٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first حَرْقَى; like قَتْلَى and جَرْحَى, pls. of قَتِيلٌ and جَرِيحٌ. (Mgh.) Thus, in a trad., الحَرِيقُ شَهِيدٌ [The burnt is a martyr]: (Mgh:) or ↓ الحَرِقُ, i. e. he who falls into fire, and takes fire and burns. (TA.) A3: The grating sound of the dogtooth by reason of anger, or rage; as also ↓ حُرُوقٌ. (TA.) حُراقَةٌ: see حُرَاقٌ.

حَرُوقَةٌ: see حَرِيقَةٌ.

حَرِيقَةٌ: see حُرْقَةٌ.

A2: Also, (Yaakoob, S, K,) and ↓ حَرُوقَةٌ, (K,) A kind of food, (K,) thicker than what is termed حَسَآء; (Yaakoob, S, K;) like نَفِيتَة: (S:) or water, (K,) i. e. hot water, (TA,) upon which a little flour is sprinkled, and which swells, or becomes inflated, in boiling, (K, TA,) and becomes of a whitish dust-colour: it is licked up with the tongue: and is also called تفيتة: they made use of it in hard and dear times, and when the cattle were lean, and when the season was severe: (TA:) or it was made by sprinkling flour upon water or fresh milk until it swelled, and became [like] what is termed حساء: a man used to satisfy his household with it when fortune overcame him: and it is also called نفيتة: (ISk, Az, TA:) pl. حَرَائِقُ. (S.) One says, وَجَدْتُ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ مَا عَيْشٌ إِلَّا الحَرَائِقُ [I found the sons of such a one having no means of subsistence other than the messes of the kind called حرائق]. (S.) حَرُوقَآءُ: see حُرَاقٌ.

حُرَّاقٌ: see حُرَاقٌ, in two places: A2: and see also مَحْرُوقٌ, in two places.

حَرُّوقٌ: see حُرَاقٌ.

حَرَّاقَةٌ A kind of ship, (Lth, S, K, *) [built] at El-Basrah, (K,) in which are engines for throwing fire upon the enemy at sea, or on a large river: (Lth, S, K:) accord. to some, such an engine itself: (ISd, TA:) accord. to the A, [a bark;] a light-going skip: (TA:) [it is often used in this last sense in post-classical works:] pl. حَرَّاقَاتٌ (K) [and حَرَارِيقُ]. b2: Also the former pl., The places of those who fry [meat &c.], and of the makers of charcoal: (Lth, K:) of the dial. of the people of El-Basrah. (Lth, TA.) حُرَّاقَةٌ: see حَرِقٌ: A2: and see also حُرَاقٌ.

حَارِقَةٌ The act of copulation upon the side. (Z, TA.) [See 3.]

حَارِقَةٌ: see حَرَقٌ, in two places.

A2: الحَارِقَتَانِ The heads [of the bones] of the two thighs, in the two hips: or two sinews in the two hips: (S, K:) when these are severed, the man walks upon the extremities of his toes, and cannot do otherwise: when one so walks by choice, you say that he is مُكْتَامٌ, part. n. of اِكْتَامَ: (IAar, TA:) the حارقة is also explained as being the sinew that connects the thigh and the hip: or the sinew that connects the head [of the bone] of the thigh and that [of the bone] of the upper arm, which turn in the صَدَفَة [or socket] of the hip and of the shoulderblade: when it is severed, it never unites: or a sinew in the خُرْبَة [or socket of the hip], that suspends [the bone of] the thigh to the hip, and by means of which the man walks: it is said that when the حارقة is displaced, the man becomes lame. (TA.) b2: Also, the sing., The side of the body. (AHeyth, TA.) حَارُوقَةٌ: see حَرِقٌ.

مُحْرَقٌ: see حَرِيقٌ.

المُحَرِّقُ A certain idol, of Bekr Ibn-Wáïl, (K,) which was in Selmán. (TA.) مَحْرُوقٌ: see حَرِيقٌ.

A2: Having his حَارِقَة [q. v.] severed; (S, TA;) as also ↓ حَرِقٌ; which latter is [said to be] the more common: (TA:) [but this I doubt:] or, as some say, (S,) having his kip dislocated: (S, K:) [pl. of the latter, deviating from rule, ↓ حُرَّاقٌ, occurring in a verse below.] The ràjiz says, (S,) namely, Aboo-Mohammad El-Hadhlamee, (TA,) describing a pastor, (S,) يَظَلُّ تَحْتَ الفَنَنِ الوَرِيقِ يَشُولُ بِالمِحْجَنِ كَالمَحْرُوقِ

[He continues, or continues during the day, beneath the leafy branch, raising the crookedheaded stick, like the محروق]: i. e. he stands upon one leg, stretching himself up towards the branches, and drawing them to him with the محجن, and shaking off their leaves for the camels: (S, TA:) or he stands upon the extremities of his toes, [see حَارِقَةٌ,] in order to reach the branch and bend it to his camels. (ISd, TA. But see another meaning of the last word, below.) And another says, هُمُ الغِرْبَانُ فِى حُرُمَاتِ جَارٍ

الوُرُوكِ ↓ وَفِى الأَدْنَيْنَ حُرَّاقُ [They are like the crows in respect of the sacred rights of a neighbour; and in respect of inferiors, like those who are dislocated in the hips, or who have the sinews of the hip-joints severed]: i. e., when a neighbour having a sacred right to respect alights among them, they are like the crow, which loaths not the gall on the back nor that which is unclean; and in wrongful treatment of their inferiors, like the محروق, who walks with an inclining of the body (يَمْشِى مُتَجَانِفًا); and they abstain from aiding and defending them. (S, TA.) A3: Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, in the saying of the rájiz cited above, it means (TA) The iron instrument with which one roasts meat; syn. سَفُّود. (K, TA.)

حنق

1 حَنِقَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. حَنَقٌ (S, * Msb, K) and حَنِقٌ, (K,) He was, or became, angered, or enraged: (S, Msb, K:) or vehemently angered or enraged: (K, Ham p. 29:) عَلَيْهِ against him: (S:) or it may be from the signification of “ cleaving,” or “ sticking; ” as though meaning (assumed tropical:) rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, clave to his bosom. (Ham p. 29. [See also حَنَقٌ, below.]) b2: [Hence,] لَا يَحْنَقُ عَلَى

جِرَّتِهِ: and ما يحنق على جِرَّةٍ: [thus written in the TA; though it seems to be implied by the manner in which the two sayings are there introduced, in this art., that the verb in each case is ↓ يُحْنِقُ, from أَحْنَقَ in the first of the senses assigned to it below:] see جِرَّةٌ.2 حَنَّقَ see 4.4 احنق (tropical:) He bore rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, [cleaving to him, so as] not be relaxed; or he hid, in his heart, enmity, and violent hatred, not to be relaxed. (K, TA.) See also 1. b2: It (the back-bone, or the back, الصُّلْبُ) clave to the belly [by reason of leanness]. (K.) b3: It (a camel's hump) became lean and thin. (S.) b4: He (an ass, K, or, as some say, a camel, and a horse or a mule or an ass, TA) became lean, or light of flesh, or slender, and lean, or lean, and lank in the belly, in consequence of much covering: (K, TA:) or, said of a horse or other animal, (A, TA,) or of a camel, (Har p. 173,) his belly clave to his back-bone, or back, by reason of leanness. (A, Har p. 173.) b5: And He (a camel) became fat; had much fat: thus it has two contr. meanings. (Az, TA.) b6: It (seed-produce [meaning corn]) spread forth the awn, or beard, of its ears, after they had formed, at the head, what resembled little compact balls; (K, TA;) as also ↓ حنّق. inf. n. تَحْنِيقٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) IAar says that you say of seed-produce [or corn] قَنْبَعَ ثُمَّ أَحْنَقَ ثُمَّ مَدَّ لِلْحَبِّ أَعْنَاقَهُ ثُمَّ حَمَلَ الدَّقِيقَ, i. e. Its ears had, at the head, what resembled little compact balls: then the extremities of its awn, or beard, appeared: then the internodal portions of its culms appeared: then [it bore farina; or] it increased, and [its heads] became like the heads of birds. (TA.) A2: He angered, (S, Msb, K,) or enraged, another. (S, Msb.) b2: He made a beast lean, or light of flesh. (Ham p. 29.) حَنَقٌ Anger, or rage: (S, K:) or vehemence of anger or rage: (M, K, Ham p. 29:) or (assumed tropical:) anger, or rage, that cleaves to one: (Har p. 173:) or rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite: (Har p. 568:) pl. حِنَاقٌ. (S, K.) حَنِقٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ حَنِيقٌ (ISd, O, K) Angered, or enraged; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُحْنَقٌ: (S, Msb:) or vehemently angered or enraged. (K.) حَنِيقٌ: see حَنِقٌ: b2: and مُحْنِقٌ.

مُحْنَقٌ: see حَنِقٌ.

مُحْنِقٌ Lean, or light of flesh; or slender, and lean; or lean, and lank in the belly: (AHeyth, T, TA:) and so the pl. مَحَانِيقُ applied to camels: (S, K:) or the former, applied to an ass, (S,) or a camel, (ISd, TA,) lean, &c., as above, (S, ISd, TA,) in consequence of much covering, (S,) or from lust, or hunger: and so مَحَانِيقُ applied to horses; as though they imagined the sing. to be مِحْنَاقٌ: (ISd, TA:) or the sing., applied to a horse, (A,) and to an ass, (TA,) lean, &c., as above, so that the belly cleaves to the back: and so the pls. مَحَانِقُ and مَحَانِيقُ applied to horses: (A, TA:) or مَحَانِيقُ signifies fat; as also حُنُقٌ [pl. of ↓ حَنِيقٌ]; (K, TA;) both applied to camels. (TA.)

حبن

1 حَبِنَ, aor. ـَ (S, K;) and حُبِنَ; inf. n. (of the former, TA) حَبَنٌ and (of the latter, TA) حَبْنٌ; (K;) He (a man) had the dropsy; as also ↓ احتبن: (KL:) he had a disease in the belly, whereby it became large and swollen. (K.) b2: [Hence,] حَبِنَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. حَبَنٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He became filled with anger against him. (K. TA.) 4 احبنهُ [It caused him, or his belly, to become large and swollen]: said of a disease [app. dropsy] that has befallen one; or of much eating. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَبَنَ see 1.

حَبْنٌ The tree called دِفْلَى [q. v.]; as also ↓ حَبِينٌ. (K.) حِبْنٌ and ↓ حِبْنَةٌ i. q. دُمَّلٌ [all which are applied in the present day to A boil]: (K:) and [small swellings or pustules, of the kind termed]

خُرَاج, (K,) like دُمَّل: (S K:) or a thing that comes upon the body, or person, generating pus, or thick purulent matter, and swelling: pl. [of the former] حُبُونٌ. (K.) A2: Also, the former, An ape, or a monkey; syn. قِرْدٌ. (Kr, K.) حَبَنٌ The dropsy; (S;) a disease in the belly, whereby it becomes large and swollen. (K.) b2: The yellow water [of the blood; i. e. the serum: a superabundant effusion of which, in the body, constitutes dropsy]. (TA.) حِبْنَةٌ: see حِبْنٌ.

حَبِينٌ: see أَحْبَنُ: A2: and see also حَبْنٌ.

أمُّ حُبَيْنٍ A certain small beast or reptile, (S, K,) well known; (K;) the عِظَايَة: (Mgh:) or a species of the [kind of lizards termed] عِظَآء; of stinking odour: (Msb:) so called because of the largeness of its belly; from أَحْبَنُ [q. v.]: also called ↓ حُبَيْنَةُ; (S, Msb, K;) and sometimes the article ال is prefixed to it, (S, Msb, K,) so that it is called أُمُّ الحُبَيْنِ, (S, Msb,) by poetic license: (TA:) it is of the form of the حِرْبَآء [or chameleon], broad in the breast, and large in the belly: (TA:) or, accord. to some, (TA,) it is the female of the حِرْبَآء: (S and Msb and K in art. حرب, and TA in the present art.:) accord. to Az, it is a small reptile resembling the [kind of lizard called] ضَبّ: (Msb:) or, as some say, a certain reptile of the size of a man's hand: or, accord. to Ibn-Ziyád, a dust-coloured reptile, with four legs, and of the size of a frog that is not large; and when the children hunt it, they say to it, انَّ الأَمِيرَ نَاظِرٌ إِلَيْكِ أُمَّ الحُبَيْنِ اُنْشُرِى بُرْدَيْكِ [Umm-el-Hobeyn, spread forth thy two wings: verily the commander is looking at thee]: they hunt it until fatigue overcomes it, when it stops, standing upright upon its two kind legs, and spreads forth two wings that it has, of the same dust-colour; and when they hunt it further, it spreads forth wings that were beneath those two wings, than which nothing more beautiful in colour has been seen, yellow and red and green and white, in streaks, one above another, very many; and when it has done this, they leave it: no offspring of it is found; nor any genital organ: (TA:) the appellation أُمُّ حُبَيْنٍ is determinate, like اِبْنُ عِرْسٍ and اِبْنُ آوَى; (S, Msb;) and [so is ↓ حُبَيْنَةُ,] like أُسَامَةُ; (S;) but determinate as a generic appellation: (S, Msb:) the suppression of the article does not render it indeterminate; which is contr. to rule: (S, K:) the pl. is أُمُّ حُبَيْنَاتٍ, [which is strange,] and أُمَّاتُ حُبَيْنٍ. (Msb.) b2: The Arabs say, in one of their imprecations, صَبَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ أُمَّ حُبَيْنٍ مَاخِضًا meaning (assumed tropical:) [May God pour upon thee] the night. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. مخص.) حُبَيْنَةُ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

أَحْبَنُ Having the dropsy; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ مَحْبُونٌ (KL) [and ↓ حَبِينٌ; so in the Lex. of Golius; and so in the present day]: having a disease in the belly, whereby it becomes large and swollen: (K:) fem. حَبْنَآءُ, (S, K,) applied to a woman: (S:) pl. حُبْنٌ. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) the fem., (tropical:) Big-bellied; (K, TA;) applied to a woman. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A foot (قَدَمٌ) having much flesh in the بَخَصَةٌ [app. here meaning the pulpy portion of the sole]; (K;) as though it were swollen. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) A pigeon (حَمَامٌ) that does not lay eggs: pl. حُبْنٌ. (K.) مَحْبُونٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُحْبَئِنٌّ (assumed tropical:) Angry. (K.)

بشر

1 بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and ↓ ابشر, (A,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (K;) He pared (S, A, Msb, K) a hide, (S, A, Msb,) removing its بَشَرَة, (S,) or face, or surface, (A, Msb,) or the skin upon which the hair grew: (TA:) or, as some say, removing its inner part with a large knife: or, accord. to Ibn-Buzurj, some of the Arabs say, بَشَرْتُ الأَدِيمَ, aor. ـِ meaning I removed from the hide its بَشَرَة; and ↓ أَبْشَرْتُهُ as meaning I exposed to view its بَشَرَة that was next to the flesh; and آدَمْتُهُ I exposed to view its أَدَمَة upon which the hair grew. (TA.) [But see أَدَمَةٌ.] b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَنْ أَحَبَّ القُرْآنَ قَلْيَبْشُرْ, accord. to him who recites it thus, with damm to the ش; meaning (assumed tropical:) Whoso loveth the Kur-án, let him make himself light of flesh, [by not eating more than will be sufficient, and so prepare himself] for [reading, or reciting,] it, [like as one prepares a horse for running,] because eating much causes one to forget it. (TA.) b3: Hence also, بَشَرَ الأَرْضَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) It (a swarm of locusts) stripped the ground; (TA;) ate what was upon the ground, (S, K,) i. e., upon its surface; as though the exterior of the ground were its بَشَرَة. (TA.) b4: And بَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He clipped his mustache much, so that the بَشَرَة (i. e. the exterior of the skin, TA) became apparent. (K, TA.) This the Muslim is commanded to do. (TA.) b5: بَشَرَنِى فُلَانٌ بِوَجْهٍ حَسَنٍ Such a one met me with a cheerful countenance. (S.) See also 2, in two places. b6: And see 3.

A2: بَشِرَ, aor. ـَ (IAar, S, Msb, K;) and بَشَرَ, aor. ـِ (IAar, K,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ابشر, [which is the most common, though extr. in respect of analogy, as being quasi-pass. of بَشَرَ, like احجم and احنج and اعرض and اقشع and اكبّ and انهج, (mentioned by MF in art. حنج as the only other instances of the kind,) and اخلج, (added in the TA in art. خلج,)] (S, A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. إِبْشَارٌ; (S;) and ↓ استبشر; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ تبشّر; (A;) [originally, He became changed in his بَشَرَة (or complexion) by the annunciation of an event: see بَشَّرَهُ: and hence,] he rejoiced, or became rejoiced; (IAar, S, A, Msb, K;) بِكَذَا [at, or by, such a thing; or at, or by, the annunciation of such a thing]. (IAar, S, K. *) You say, أَتَانِى أَمْرٌ بَشِرْتُ بِهِ An affair happened to me whereat I rejoiced, or whereby I became rejoiced. (S.) And بِمَوْلُودٍ ↓ أَبْشَرَ He rejoiced [at the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And بِخَيْرٍ ↓ أَبْشِرْ Rejoice thou [at the annunciation of a good event]. (S, K.) And in the same sense ↓ أَبْشِرُوا is used in the Kur xli. 30. (S.) 2 بشّرهُ (S, A, Msb, &c.,) the form used by the Arabs in general, (Msb,) inf. n. تَبْشِيرٌ; (S, Msb, K, &c.;) and ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) of the dial. of Tihámeh and the adjacent parts, (Msb,) inf. n. بَشْرٌ and بُشُورٌ (S, K) and بُشْرٌ, (TA,) or this last is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ ابشرهُ; (S, A, Mgh, K;) and ↓ استبشرهُ; (K, TA;) are syn.; (S, K, &c.;) originally signifying He announced to him an event which produced a change in his بَشَرَة [or complexion]: and hence, (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee,) he announced to him an event which rejoiced him: (A, El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) so in common acceptation [when not restricted by an adjunct that denotes its having a different meaning: see بُشْرَى and an ex. below in this paragraph]: (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee:) or he rejoiced him [by an annunciation]: (Msb:) and he announced to him an event which grieved him: [or he grieved him by an annunciation:] both these significations are proper. (El-Fakhr Er-Rázee.) You say, بشّرهُ بِالأَمْرِ [generally meaning He rejoiced him by the annunciation of the event]; and بِهِ ↓ بَشَرَهُ, aor. and inf. ns. as above; &c. (TA.) And بَشَّرْتُهُ بِمَوْلُودٍ [I rejoiced him by the annunciation of a new-born child]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [iii. 20, &c.], بَشِّرْهُمْ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ

[Grieve thou them by the annunciation, or denunciation, of a painful punishment]. (S.) You say also, of a she-camel, بَشَّرَتْ بِاللَّقَاحِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) She made it known that she had begun to be pregnant. (TA. [See also 4.]) 3 باشر المَرْأَةَ, (K, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, TA) and بِشَارٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, in contact with the woman, skin to skin: (TA:) he enjoyed [contact with] her skin: (Msb:) he became in contact with her, skin to skin, both being within one garment or piece of cloth: (K:) he lay with her, [skin to skin; or in the sense of] inivit eam: (S, K:) i. q. وَطِئَهَا, both فِى الفَرْجِ and خَارِجًا مِنْهُ: (TA:) [and so ↓ بَشَرَهَا inf. n. بَشْرٌ; for] بَشْرٌ and مُبَاشَرَةٌ are syn. [in the sense of congressus venereus, as is shown by an ex. in the S.]. (S, K.) b2: باشرهُ النَّعِيمُ (tropical:) [Enjoyment attended him; as though it clave to his skin]. (A.) b3: فَبَاشَرُوا رَوْحَ اليَقِينِ, or رُوحَ اليقين, is a metaphorical expression, [app. meaning (tropical:) And they felt the joy and happiness that arise from certainty,] occurring in a trad. of 'Alee. (TA.) b4: باشر الأَمْرَ, (S, A, &c.,) inf. n. مُبَاشَرَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair himself, or in his own person: (S, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he was present, himself, at the affair: (A, TA:) or, [properly,] he managed, or conducted, the affair with his بَشَرَة, i. e., his own hand: (Mgh, * Msb:) and hence a later application of the verb in the sense of لَاحَظَ (assumed tropical:) [He regarded, or attended to, the thing, or affair, &c.]. (Msb.) 4 ابشر: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ابشر الأَمْرُ وَجْهَهُ The affair made his countenance beautiful and bright: in the K we read, أَبْشَرَ الأَمْرَ حَسَّنَهُ وَ نَضَّرَهُ; but this is a mistake. (TA.) Agreeably with this explanation, AA renders a reading in the Kur [xlii. 22], ذٰلِكَ الَّذِى يُبْشِرُ اللّٰهُ عِبَادَهُ, meaning That is it with which God will make beautiful and bright the face of his servants: so in the L. (TA.) b3: See also 2. b4: [Hence,] أَبْشَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ (assumed tropical:) The she-camel conceived, or became pregnant: (K:) as though she rejoiced [her owner] by announcing her conception. (TA. [See 2, last sentence.]) b5: And أَبْشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The earth put forth its herbage appea He demanded ring upon its surface. (S, K.) A2: See also 1, latter part, in four places.5 تَبَشَّرَ see, latter part.6 تباشر القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, announced, one to another, a joyful event, or joyful events. (S.) And هُمْ يَتَبَاشَرُونَ بِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ They rejoice one another by the annunciation of that event. (TA.) 10 استبشر: see 1, latter part.

A2: استبشرهُ He demanded of him a reward for an annunciation of joyful tidings. (M.) b2: See also 2.

بُشْرٌ: see بُشْرَى. b2: It is also a contraction of بُشُرٌ, which is pl. of بَشُورٌ (TA) or بَشِيرٌ. (TA in art. نشر.) بِشْرٌ Cheerfulness, or openness and pleasantness, of countenance: (Mgh, Msb, K, * TA:) and happiness, joy, or gladness. (Har p. 192.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ البِشْرِ He is cheerful, or open and pleasant, in countenance. (S.) بَشَرٌ: see بَشَرَةٌ b2: [Hence,] البَشَرُ (assumed tropical:) Mankind: (S, Msb, K:) and the human being: (Msb, K:) applied to the male and to the female; and used alike as sing. and pl. (Msb, K, TA) and dual: (TA:) so that you say, هُوَ بَشَرٌ He is a human being, and هِىَ بَشَرٌ She is a human being, and هُمْ بَشَرٌ They (more than two) are human beings, and هُمَا بَشَرٌ They two are human beings: (TA:) but sometimes it has the dual form; (Msb, K;) as in the Kur xxiii. 49; (Msb, TA;) though the Arabs may have used the dual form in the sense of the sing.: (MF:) and sometimes it has a pl., namely, أَبْشَارٌ. (K.) This is a secondary application of the word: (Msb:) i. e., this signification is tropical; or, as some say, the word is so much used in this sense as to be, so used, conventionally regarded as proper; the sense not depending upon its having another word connected with it: but in the S and K, and by the generality of authors, this signification is given as proper. (MF.) Some say that a human being is thus called because his بَشَرَة is bare of hair and of wool. (MF.) [Hence,] أَبُو البَشَرِ [The father of mankind; meaning] Adam. (K.) بَشَرَةٌ (Lth, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ بَشَرٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is pl. of the former, (Msb, K,) [or rather a coll. gen. n., of which the former is the n. un.,] like قَصَبَهُ and قَصَبٌ, (Msb,) and أَبْشَارٌ is pl. of بَشَرٌ, (K,) [The external skin; the cuticle, or scarf-skin; the epidermis;] the exterior of the skin (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) of a human being; (S, A, K;) and, as some say, of other creatures, (K,) such as the serpent; but this is generally disallowed: (TA:) or بَشَرَةٌ signifies the exterior of the skin of the head, in which grows the hair; as also أَدَمَةٌ and شَوَاةٌ: (Aboo-Safwán:) or the upper skin (Lth, M) of the head (M) and of the face and body of a human being; (Lth, M;) that upon which the hair grows: (M:) or, as some say, that which is next the flesh. (M.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُعَاتَبُ الأَدِيمُ ذُو البَشَرَةِ: see أَدِيمٌ. b2: بَشَرَةٌ sometimes means The complexion, or hue: and fineness, or delicacy. (TA.) A2: بَشَرَةُ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The herbage appearing upon the surface of the earth. (S, A, K.) You say, مَا أَحْسَنَ بَشَرَتَهَا (tropical:) How goodly is its herbage appearing upon its surface! (S, A.) And بَشَرَةٌ [alone] signifies (tropical:) Leguminous plants; herbs, or herbage. (TA.) b2: بَشَرَةٌ is used also as signifying (assumed tropical:) A man's hand. (Msb.) [See 3, last sentence.]

بُشْرَى (imperfectly decl., because it terminates with a fem. alif which is inseparable from it, S) and ↓ بِشَارَةٌ and ↓ بُشَارَةٌ [but respecting this last see بِشَارَةٌ below] (S, Msb, K) and ↓ بُشْرٌ (Msb) are substs. from بَشَّرَهُ (S, Msb, K) [originally signifying An annunciation which produces a change in the بَشَرَة (or complexion) of the person to whom it is made: and hence, a joyful annunciation; joyful, or glad, tidings; good news]: and ↓ تَبَاشِيرُ [q. v. infrà] signifies the same as بُشْرَى: (S, K:) ↓ بِشَارَةٌ, when used absolutely, relates only to good; (S, Msb;) not to evil unless when expressly restricted thereto by an adjunct: [see 2:] (S:) its pl. is بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ. (A.) يَا بُشْرَاىَ, in the Kur [xii. 19, accord. to one reading, (otherwise, as Bd mentions, بُشْرَاىْ, or بُشْرَىَّ, which is a dial. var. of the same, or بُشْرَى, which, as some say, was the name of a man,) meaning O my joyful annunciation, or joyful tidings, or good news!], is like عَصَاى: and in the dual you say, يَا بُشْرَيَىَّ. (S.) You say also, ↓ تَتَابَعَتِ البِشَارَاتُ and البَشَائِرُ [The joyful annunciations followed consecutively]. (A.) See another ex. voce بَشِيرٌ. b2: See also بِشَارَةٌ.

بَشَرِىٌّ Human; of, or belonging to, or relating to, mankind or a human being.]

بُشَارٌ (assumed tropical:) The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (IAar, K.) بَشُورٌ: see what next follows, in three places.

بَشِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مُبَشِّرٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) [and so ↓ بَشُورٌ, as will be seen by an ex. in what follows,] One who announces to a people [or person] an event, either good or evil; (TA;) but meaning the former oftener than the latter: (Msb:) [an announcer of a joyful event, or joyful events: one who rejoices another, or others, by an annunciation:] pl. بُشَرَآءُ (A) and بُشُرٌ, (TA in art. نشر,) or this is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ. (TA in the present art.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 55], وَ هُوَ الَّذِى يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشُرًا, and بُشْرًا, and ↓ بُشْرَى, and بَشْرًا; [accord. to different readings, meaning (assumed tropical:) And He it is who sendeth the winds announcing coming rain;] in which بُشُرٌ is pl. of ↓ بَشُورٌ, [syn. with بَشِيرٌ and مُبَشِّرٌ, but both masc. and fem.,] (TA,) or of بَشِيرٌ, (Bd,) or of بَشِيرَةٌ; (TA in art. نشر;) and بُشْرًا is a contraction of the same; and بُشْرَى is syn. with بِشَارَةٌ; and بَشْرًا is the inf. n. of بَشَرَهُ in the sense of بَشَّرَهُ (TA. [But the reading commonly followed in this passage is نُشُرًا, with ن: another reading is نُشْرًا: another, نَشْرًا: and another, نَشَرًا.]) And ↓ المُبَشِّرَاتُ, (A,) or مُبَشِّرَاتُ الرِّيَاحِ, (S,) signifies (tropical:) Winds that announce [coming] rain: (S, A:) so in the Kur xxx. 45. (TA.) A2: Also Goodly; beautiful; elegant in form or features; (S, K;) applied to a man, and to a face: (TA:) fem. with ة; (S, K;) applied to a woman, and to a she-camel; (S;) and meaning, when applied to a she-camel, neither emaciated nor fat: or, accord. to Aboo-Hilál, neither of generous nor of ignoble breed: or, as some say, half-fattened: (TA:) pl. of the fem. بَشَائِرُ: (S:) and ↓ مَبْشُورَةٌ signifies beautiful in make and colour; (IAar, K;) applied to a girl. (IAar.) بَشَارَةٌ Goodliness; beauty; elegance of form or features. (S, K, TA.) بُشَارَةٌ What is pared off from the face of a hide: what is pared off from its back is called تِحْلِئٌ. (Lh.) A2: See also بِشَارَةٌ: b2: and see بُشْرَى.

بِشَارَةٌ; pl. بِشَارَاتٌ and بَشَائِرُ: see بُشْرَى, in three places; and see also تَبَاشِيرُ. b2: Also A gift to him who announces a joyful event; and so ↓ بُشَارَةٌ: (K, * TA:) or the latter, which is like the عُمَالَة of the عَامِل, has this signification; (IAth;) and so ↓ بُشْرَى; (M;) and بِشَارَةٌ [has the same meaning accord. to common usage, but, properly,] is a subst. in the sense explained above, voce بُشْرَى. (IAth.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ ثَوْبِى بِشَارَةً I gave him my garment as a reward for the joyful annunciation. (TA from a trad.) هُوَ أَبْشَرُ مِنْهُ He is more goodly or beautiful, more elegant in form or features, and more fat, than he. (K.) تُبُشِّرٌ, in the hand writing of J تُبَشِّرٌ, [and so in my copies of the S,] a word of which there is not the like except in the instances of تُنُوِّطٌ [or تُنَوِّطٌ], a certain bird, and وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ [or تُهَلِّكَ?] and وَادِى

تُضُلِّلَ [or تُضَلِّلَ] and وَادِى تُخُيِّبَ [or تُخَيِّبَ], (TA,) A certain bird, called the صُفَارِيَّة: (S, K:) n. un. with ة. (K.) تَبَاشِيرُ, as though it were pl. of تَبْشِيرٌ, inf. n. of بَشَّرَ; (A;) a word which has not its like except in the instances of تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَفَاطِيرُ [and تَبَاكِيرُ and تَبَارِيحُ, and probably a few others]; (TA;) (tropical:) [Annunciations; foretokens; foretellers; foreshowers; prognostics; earnests; of what is good:] the beginnings of anything: (S, K:) the first of blossoms &c.: (TA:) the beginnings, (S, K,) or first annunciations, (A,) of daybreak; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ بَشَائِرُ: (TA:) it has no verb: (S:) and [is said to have] no sing.: but in a trad. of El-Hajjáj, تَبْشِيرٌ occurs as meaning (assumed tropical:) the commencement of rain. (TA.) One says, فِيهِ مَخَايِلُ الرُّشْدِ وَ تَبَاشِيرُهُ (tropical:) [In him are indications of right conduct, or belief, and its earnests]. (A.) See also بُشْرَى. b2: (assumed tropical:) Streaks of the light of daybreak in the night. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Streaks that are seen upon the surface of the ground, caused by the winds. (Lth, K. *) b4: (assumed tropical:) The colours of palm-trees when their fruit begins to ripen; (K;) as also تَبَاكِيرُ. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) Such as bear fruit early, or before others, of palm-trees. (K.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Marks of galls upon the side of a beast. (K.) رَجُلٌ مُؤْدَمٌ مُبْشَرٌ (tropical:) A perfect man; as though he combined the softness of the أَدَمَة [or inner skin] with the roughness of the بَشَرَة [or outer skin]: (S:) or a man who combines softness, or gentleness, and strength, with knowledge of affairs: (As:) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مُؤْدَمَةٌ مُبْشَرَةٌ (tropical:) a woman perfect in every respect. (TA.) [See also art. ادم.]

مُبَشِّرٌ and مُبَشِّرَاتٌ: see بَشِيرٌ.

مَبْشُورَةٌ: see بَشِيرٌ, last sentence.

حِجْرٌمُبَاشِرٌ [so in two copies of the S: in Golius's Lex. مُبَاشِرَةٌ:] A mare [so I render حجر, which Golius renders ‘ vulva, '] desiring the stallion. (S.) [See also مُبَاسِرَةٌ, with س.]