دون

1 دَانَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. دَوْنٌ; and ↓ أُدِينَ, (S, K,) with damm, (K,) inf. n. إِدَانَةٌ; (S;) He, or it, was, or became, such as is termed دُونٌ; (S, K;) [i. e.] low, base, vile, &c.: or weak: (K:) mentioned by Er-Rághib on the authority of IKt: (TA:) so say some: but accord. to others, دُونٌ has no verb. (S, TA.) لَمْ يَدُنْ, (as in my copies of the S,) or لم يُدَنْ, (as in the TA,) at the end of a verse of 'Adee, as some relate it, [perhaps the only authority for these two verbs,] is accord. to others لم يدَنّْ, from دَنَّى

meaning “ he, or it, was, or became, weak. ” (S, K.) 2 دوّن الدَّيوَانَ, (inf. n. تَدْوِينٌ, TA,) He wrote, composed, or drew up, the register [&c.]. (S, * Msb, K, TA. *) And دوّن الدَّوَاوِينَ He instituted, appointed, or arranged, the registers for the prefects, or administrators, (Mgh, Msb,) and the Kádees, (Mgh,) or others: (Msb:) said of 'Omar; who is related to have been the first that did this, (Mgh, Msb,) among the Arabs. (Msb.) And دوّن الكُتُبَ He collected the writings. (Mgh.) [And دوّن شِعْرَ فُلَانٍ He collected the poetry of such a one.] And تَدْوِينٌ signifies also The writing [a person's name &c.] in a دِيوَان [or register]. (KL.) You say, دوّنهُ He wrote it [in a register]. (MA.) [And He registered him.]4 أُدِينَ, inf. n. إِدَانَةٌ: see 1.

A2: مَا أَدْوَنَهُ [as meaning How low, base, vile, &c., is he, or it!] is [asserted to be] a phrase not used, (As, T, K, TA,) because [it is said that] دُونٌ has no verb. (As, T, TA.) 5 تدوّن He was, or became, in a state of complete richness, wealth, or competence. (IAar, T, K.) [See also تذوّن. Perhaps both are correct, as dial. vars.]

دُونً Low, base, vile, mean, paltry, inconsiderable, or contemptible; (Fr, T, S, M, * Msb, K;) applied to a man &c.: (T, Msb:) and inferior, i. e. lower, baser, viler, &c., in grounds of pretension to respect or honour [or in any approvable quality]: (Lth, T:) and such as falls short [of a thing]; used in this sense as a prefixed noun: (Ham p. 686:) [see below what is said of its usage as a prefixed noun by Lth and by Sb: and used as an epithet, scanty, or deficient; applied to anything:] and of a middling sort; between good and bad; applied to a man and to a commodity: (M:) and also high, or eminent, in rank or condition; noble, or honourable: (T, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations (K) [and significations intermediate between those two]. A poet says, إِذَا مَا عَلَا المَرْءُ رَامَ العَلَآء

وَيَقْتَعُ بِالدُّونِ مَنْ كَانَا دُونَا [When the man is high in rank, or nobility, he seeks highness: and he who is low is content with that which is low]. (S.) Accord. to the most common usage, (Msb,) or accord. to what is asserted to be the most common usage, (Lh, M,) one says رَجُلٌ مِنْ دُونٍ (T, M, Msb, K) and شَىْءٌ مِنْ دُونٍ (M, Msb) A man who is [of a kind that is] low, base, &c., and a thing that is [of a kind that is] low, base, &c.: (Msb:) but sometimes they said رَجُلٌ دُونٌ and شَىْءٌ دُونٌ, without مِنْ; (M, Msb;) and ثَوْبٌ دُونٌ a bad [or an inferior] garment, or piece of cloth: (M:) or one should not say رَجُلٌ دُونٌ; (T, K;) for the Arabs did not use this phrase. (T.) Accord. to Lth, one says, هٰذَا دُونُ ذَاكَ [This is the inferior of that], when meaning to denote by it low estimation, using the nom. case: (T:) [but this is uncommon, if allowable:] Sb says that دُون is not used in the nom. case as a prefixed noun: as to the saying in the Kur [lxxii. 11, an instance similar to which occurs also in vii. 167], مِنَّا الصَّالِحُونَ وَ مِنَّا دُونَ ذٰلِكَ, the meaning is, وَ مِنَّا قَوْمٌ دُونَ ذٰلِكَ [i. e. Of us are the righteous, and of us are a party below that party in rank or estimation]; (M, TA;) or, as another says, دون is here in the accus. case but in the place of a noun in the nom. case because it is generally used as an adv. n. (TA.) b2: As an adv. n., دُون signifies Below, contr. of فَوْق; (S, K;) as denoting a falling short of the [right or approved] limit; (S;) or denoting low, or mean, estimation or condition; (Lth, T, M;) or a condition lower, baser, viler, &c., than that of another, in grounds of pretension to respect or honour [or in any approvable quality]; (Lth, T;) [and hence, inferior to, beneath, under, or short of, another in rank, height, size, &c.;] and less than another, and more deficient than another: (Fr, T:) and also above; i. q. فَوْق; (T, K;) in highness, or eminence, of rank or condition, or in nobility; (T;) [and hence, exceeding another, and more than another:] thus bearing two contr. significations. (K.) You say, زَيْدٌ دُونَكَ meaning Zeyd is [below thee, or] in a condition lower, baser, viler, &c., than thine, in grounds of pretension to respect or honour [&c.]: and when one says, “Verily such a one is high, or eminent, in rank or condition,” or “ is noble,” another replies, وَ دُونَ ذٰلِكَ meaning And above that. (T.) b3: Also Beneath, below in situation, or under; syn. تَحْت. (T, TA.) Using it in this sense, you say, دُوَن قَدَمِكَ خَدُّ عَدُوِّكَ [May the cheek of thine enemy be beneath thy foot]: (T, TA:) and جَلَسَ دُونَهُ [He sat below him]. (TA.) b4: Also Before in respect of place, or in front: and [the contr., namely,] behind, or beyond. (T, M, K.) [You may say, using it in the former sense, جَلَسَ دُونَهُ He sat before him, or in front of him: (see Ham p. 86:) and, using it in the latter sense,] you say, هٰذَا أَمِيرٌ عَلَى مَا دُونَ جَيْحُونَ This [man] is governor, or prince, over what is beyond [the river] Jeyhoon. (TA.) b5: And i. q. قَبْل [generally signifying Before in respect of time; but as some say, in respect of place also, which may perhaps be here meant]: (T:) and [the contr., namely,] i. q. بَعْد [generally meaning after in respect of time; but as some say, in respect of place also, which may perhaps be here meant]. (Fr, T, TA.) b6: It signifies also Nearer than another thing: (S, Msb, K:) so in the phrase هٰذَا دُونَ ذٰلِكَ [This is nearer than that]; (S Msb;) or هٰذَا دُونَهُ [this is nearer than he, or it]. (K.) [Hence,] one says also, اُدْنُ دُونَكَ meaning Draw thou near in the space that is between me and thee: (A Heyth, T:) [or approach thou nearer to me:] or draw thou near [or nearer] to me. (IAar, T, M, K.) And يَزِيدُ بَغُضُّ الطَّرْفَ دُونِى, a saying of a poet, means Yezeed lowers the eye towards a spot between me and him. (A Heyth, T.) [خَشَعَتْ دُونَهُ الأَبْصَارُ, also, has a similar meaning: see 1 in art. خشع. So, too, has the phrase, خَاوَتَ طَرْفَهُ دُونِى: see 3 in art. خوت. And hence,] one says, دُونَ النَّهْرِ جَمَاعَةٌ [In the way of, or to, the river, or on this side of the river, or nearer than the river, is a company of men; or] before thy reaching the river [there is to be found, or encountered, a company of men]. (K.) And دُونَ قَتْلِ الأَسَدِ أَهْوَالٌ [In the way of, or to, the slaying of the lion, or] before thine attaining to the slaying of the lion, terrors [are to be encountered]. (T, TA.) [And دُونَهُ خَرْطُ القَتَادِ: see 1 in art. خرط.] And حَالَ دُونَ الشَّىْءِ [It intervened as an obstacle in the way to the thing; or] it prevented from attaining the thing. (W p. 71.) [And لَيْسَ دُونَهُ شَىْءٌ There is nothing intervening as an obstacle in the way of, or to, him, or it.] And [hence,] قُتِلَ دُونَ مَالِهِ, and نَفْسِهِ, and أَخِيهِ, and جَارِهِ, He was slain in defence of his property, and of himself, and of his brother, and of his neighbour. (Occurring in a trad. commencing with the words الغَرِيقُ شَهِيدٌ, in the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer,” and thus explained in the margin of a copy of that work.) [And نَبَحَ دُونَهُ is a modern phrase meaning (assumed tropical:) He defended him as though by barking in the way to him.] b7: [Hence,] also i. q. عَلَى [as meaning Against; denoting defence by means of intervention: see an ex. in a verse cited voce شَخْصٌ]. (Fr, T, TA.) b8: And i. q. عِنْدَ [meaning At, near, nigh, by, or near by; with, or present with; &c.]. (Fr, T, Ibn-Es-Seed.) Accord. to Ez-Zowzanee, it has this meaning in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, [describing a horse,] فَأَلْحَقَنَا بِالهَادِيَاتِ وَ دُونَهُ جَوَاحِرُهَا فِى صَرَّةٍ لَمْ تُزَيَّلِ (TA, but only the former hemistich is there given,) i. e. And he made us to overtake the foremost of the wild animals, while near to him were those that lagged behind, in a herd, not dispersed. (EM p. 48.) b9: And i. q. غَيْر [as meaning Other than, beside, or besides, exclusively of, or not as used before a substantive or an adjective]. (K.) Hence, in the Kur [xxi. 82], وَيَعْمَلُونَ عَمَلًا دُونَ ذٰلِكَ [And who should do work other than, or beside, that]. (Fr, TA.) And in the same [iv. 51 and 116], وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذٰلِكَ But He will forgive what is other than that: or, as some say, what is less than that. (Er-Rághib, TA.) and so, it is said, in the trad., لَيْسَ فِيمَا دُونَ خَمْسِ أَوَاقٍ

صَدَقَةٌ [There is no poor-rate to be exacted in the case of what is other than, or not, or, rather less than, five ounces]. (K.) So, too, it is said to mean in the trad., أَجَازَ الخُلْعَ دُونَ عِقَاصِ رَأْسِهَا [He allowed the divorcing a wife for a gift, or compensation, other than the عِقَاص (q. v.) of her head: in the CK, in which الخَلْعُ is erroneously put for الخُلْعَ, this is given as an ex. of ذُونَ in the sense of سَوِى, which is syn. with غَيْر]: or the meaning is, for anything, even for the عقاص of her head. (K, TA.) b10: It is also used (M, K, TA) as a subst. (M, TA) with مِنْ prefixed to it, [very often in this case, in the Kur and elsewhere, as meaning غَيْر and sometimes in other senses explained above,] and likewise with بِ (M, K, TA,) though rarely. (K.) One says, هٰذَا دُونَكَ and هٰذَا مِنْ دُونِكَ [This is below thee, or above thee: &c.]. (M, TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxviii. 23], وَوَجَدَ مِنْ دُونِهِمُ امْرَأَتَيْنِ (M, TA) And he found in a place below them two women: (Bd:) or beside them, or exclusively of them. (Jel.) One says also, هٰدَا لِىدُونَ لَكَ or مِنْ دُونِكَ [meaning This belongs to me exclusively of thee]; i. e. thou hast no right nor share [with me] in this. (Kull p. 186.) The phrase فِيهِمْ مَنْ لَيْسَ بِدُونِهِ [app. as meaning Among whom was such as was not below him in respect of knowledge of poetry] is used by Akh in his book on rhymes. (M, TA.) b11: It also denotes a command, (T, K,) and an incitement (Fr, T, S, K) to do a thing. (S.) Using it in the former sense, you say, دُونَكَ الدِّرْهَمَ, meaning Take thou the dirhem; (T;) or دُونَكَ الشَّىْءَ and دُونَكَ بِالشَّىْءِ, meaning Take thou the thing: (M:) and using it in the latter sense, you say, دُونَكَهُ, (S, K, TA,) meaning Keep thou, cleave thou, cling thou, or hold thou fast, to him; and take care of him: (TA:) or دُنَكَ زَيْدًا Keep thou, &c., to Zeyd, taking care of him. (T.) Temeem [meaning a party of the tribe so named] said to El-Hajjáj, when he had slain, i. e. crucified, Sálih Ibn-' Abd-Er-Rahmán, “ Permit us to bury Sálih: ” and he replied, دُونَكُمُوهُ [Take ye him]. (S, TA.) b12: And it also denotes a threat. (T, K.) So in the sayings دُوَكَ صِرَاعِى [Beware thou of wrestling with me] and دُونَكَ فَتَمَرَّسْ بِى [Beware thou, and then set thyself against me to do evil if thou canst]. (T, TA.) b13: It is said that no verb is derived from it: (T, S, M, Msb:) but some assert that دَانَ and أُدِينَ [mentioned in the first paragraph of this art.] are derived from it. (S.) b14: The dim. of دُونَ is ↓ دُوَيْنَ: (Ham p. 404:) and ↓ دُوَيْنَةَ occurs as a dim. in a verse of a post-classical poet; but, [ISd says,] of what word I know not, unless they said ↓ دُونَةَ [for دُونَ]. (M.) دُونَةَ: see the next preceding sentence.

دُوَيْنَ: see the next preceding sentence.

دُوَيْنَةَ: see the next preceding sentence.

دَيْوَانٌ: see the next paragraph.

دِيوَانٌ, an arabicized word, (AO, M, Msb, &c.,) from the Pers\. [دِيوَانْ]; (AO, M, &c.;) [though some hold it to be of Arabic origin:] J says, (TA,) it is originally دِوَّانٌ, but ى is substituted for one of the و s ; as is shown by its pl., (S, Msb,) which is دَوَاوِينُ; (S, M, Msb, K;) for if the ى were radical, they would say دَيَاوِينُ; (S;) but accord. to IDrd and IJ, (IB, TA,) it has this latter pl. also: (M, IB, K, TA:) Sb says that the و in دِيوَانٌ, though after ى, is not changed into ى, as it is in سَيِّدٌ, because the ى in the former word is not inherent; that word being of the measure فِعَّالٌ, from دَوَّنْتَ; (M;) [i. e.] it is from دَوَّنَ الكُتُبَ meaning “ he collected the writings; ” as is shown by their saying ↓ دُوَيْوِينٌ, (M,) which is the dim.: (Msb:) ISk says that ديوان is with kesr only [to the د]; (M;) but one says ↓ دَيْوَانٌ also, (K,) which is mentioned by Ks, as postclassical, and by Sb; like بَيْطَارٌ: (M:) the meaning is A دَفْتَر [or register]: (Shifá el-Ghaleel, TA:) or a collection of written leaves or papers [forming a book, generally for registration]: (ISk, M, Mgh, * K:) or a register of accounts; an accountbook: (Msb:) and a register of soldiers and pensioners [and others]: (IAth, K:) the first who instituted, or appointed, or arranged, such a book, (Mgh, Msb, K,) among the Arabs, (Msb,) for the prefects, or administrators, (Mgh, Msb,) and the Kádees, (Mgh,) is said to have been 'Omar: (Mgh, Msb, K: *) accord. to El-Máwardee, it is a register of what concerns the rights, or dues, of the state, relating to the acts of the government, and the finances, and the military and other administrators thereof: (TA:) then any book was thus called: and especially the poetry of some particular poet: so that this meaning became [conventionally regarded as] a proper signification thereof; (Shifá el-Ghaleel, TA;) i. e. a collection of poetry [of a particular poet]. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدِّيوَانِ, meaning Such a one is of those whose names are written in the register. (Mgh.) [Also Such a one is of the keepers of the register; or, is of the registrars. (And sometimes it has another meaning, which see below.) And hence the saying] الشِّعْرُ دِيوَانُ العَرَبِ (assumed tropical:) [Poetry is the register of the Arabs]: because they used to refer to it on their differing in opinion respecting genealogies and wars or fights and the appointing of stipends or allowances from the government-treasury, like as the people of the ديوان [properly so called] refer to their ديوان in a case that is doubtful to them; or because it was the depository of their sciences, and the preserver of their rules of discipline, and the mine of their histories. (Har p. 263.) b2: Afterwards, also, it was applied to signify An account, or a reckoning. (Msb, TA.) b3: and Writers [of accounts or reckonings]. (TA.) b4: And A place of account or reckoning, (Msb, TA,) and of writers [of accounts or reckonings] (TA.) b5: [Also A council, court, or tribunal: see دَسْتٌ. Hence أَهْلُ الدِّيوَانِ sometimes means The people of the council, court, or tribunal. b6: And also, in the present day, A long seat, formed of a mattress laid against the side of a room, upon the floor or upon a raised structure or frame, with cushions to lean against; or two or more of such mattresses &c. similarly placed.]

ديوَانِىٌّ Of, or belonging to, a دِيوَان. (TA.) دُوَيْوِينٌ dim. of دِيوَانٌ, q. v. (M, * Msb.) أَدْوَنُ is used by IJ in the phrase ذٰلِكَ أَقَلٌّ الأَمْرَيْنِ وَأَدْوَنُهُمَا [That is the lesser of the two affairs, or cases, and the lower, baser, &c., of them]: but [ISd says that] this is strange, because [he held that], like أَحْنَكَ, it has no verb belonging to it. (M.)

دل

1 دَلَّ, aor. ـُ He, or it, directed; directed aright; guided; or caused to take, or follow, a right way or course or direction. (IAar, T.) and دُلَّ He (a man) was directed, directed aright, guided, &c. (IAar, T.) You say, دَلَّهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, M, K,) aor. as above, (S, M,) inf. n. دَلٌّ, (M,) or دُلُولَةٌ, (S, K,) and دِلَالَةٌ, (S, M, K,) [but this is afterwards said in the M to be a simple subst., as it is also in the Msb, and so is دُلُولَةٌ in the M,] and دَلَالَةٌ, (S, K,) which is of higher authority than دِلَالَةٌ, (S,) and دُلَالَةٌ, (K,) and [perhaps]

دَلِّيلَــى, [which see below, voce دِلَالَةٌ,] (K,) or this is a simple subst., (M,) He directed him, or rightly directed him, or guided him, to it; (S, * M, K;) namely, the way, (S,) or a thing: (M:) or he showed him it; namely, the way. (TA.) And دَلَّهُ الطَّرِيقَ [He directed him to the way; or showed him the way]. (TA.) And دَلَّ الشَّىْءَ, and إِلَيْهِ [or عَلَيْهِ], aor. as above, inf. n. دُلُولَةٌ, [He indicated the thing, by a word &c.,] said of a man; as also ↓ ادلّ [i. e. ادلّ الشَّىْءَ, &c.]. (Msb.) Yousay also, of a word, يَدُلُّ عَلَى كَذَا [It denotes, or signifies, such a thing]. (The lexicons passim.) A2: Accord. to Sh, you say, دَلِلْتُ بِهٰذَا الطَّرِيقِ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. دَلَالَةٌ, i. e. I knew this way; and دَلَلْتُ بِهِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. دَلَالَةٌ: accord. to Az, you say, بِالطَّرِيقِ ↓ اِدَّلَلْتُ, inf. n. اِدِّلَالٌ, [I was, or became, directed, or rightly directed, or guided, in the way:] and [Az says,] I heard an Arab of the desert say to another, عَلَى ↓ أَمَا تَنْدَلُّ الطَّرِيقِ [meaning Wilt thou not be directed, or rightly directed, to the way?]: (T:) [for]

↓ اندلّ signifies he was, or became, directed, or rightly directed, (M, K, TA,) to the way: (TA:) and IAar cites as an ex., (T,) مَا لَكَ يَا أَحْمَقُ لَاتَنْدَلُّ وَكَيْفَ يَنْدَلُّ امْرُؤٌ عِثْوَلُّ [What aileth thee, O stupid, that thou wilt not be rightly directed? but how shall the dull and slack be rightly directed?]. (T, M, TA: but in the M, يا فُلَانُ; and in the TA, يا أَعْوَرُ.) and sometimes ↓ استدلّ is quasi-pass. of دَلَّهُ الطَّرِيقَ [explained above: see 10 below]. (TA.) A3: دَلَّتْ, [sec. Pers\. دَلَلْتِ,] aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. دَلٌّ; (S, * M, * Msb, K; *) and دَلَّتْ of the class of تَعِبَ, [sec. Pers\. دَلِلْتِ, aor. ـَ (Msb, MF, TA,) inf. n. دَلَلٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ تدلّلت; (S, M, Msb, K;) She (a woman) behaved in an amorous manner, or used amorous gesture or behaviour, with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; (S;) she behaved with boldness (M, Msb, K) towards her husband, (M, K,) and with amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettishness, feigning opposition: (M, Msb, K:) [and دَلَّتْ also signifies she talked and jested in a pleasing manner, displaying a pleasant mien or guise: and in like manner دَلَّ is said of a man with his wife: see دَلٌّ, below. See also 4.]

b2: دَلَّ also signifies He gloried in, or boasted of, certain properties, or peculiar qualities. (IAar, T.) b3: Also, aor. ـِ He favoured with, or conferred, a gift. (IAar, T.) A4: And دَلَّ, [aor., accord. to rule, يَدُلُّ,] He emboldened: so in the phrase, مَا دَلَّكَ عَلَىَّ [What emboldened thee, or hath emboldened thee, against me?]: and in the saying of Keys Ibn-Zoheyr, أَظُنُّ الحِلْمَ دَلَّ عَلَىَّ قَوْمِى

وَقَدْ يُسْتَجْهَلُ الرَّجُلُ الحَلِيمُ [I think that forbearance hath emboldened against me my people: for sometimes the forbearing man is reckoned ignorant]: (T:) and ↓ دلّل signifies the same. (T and TA in art. دلو.) 2 دَلَّّ see what immediately precedes: b2: and for a meaning of التَّــدْلِيلُ [inf. n. of دَلَّلَ], see جَلَدَ عُمَيْرَةَ, in the first paragraph of art. جلد.4 ادلّ: see 1.

A2: ادلّ عَلَيْهِ He acted, or behaved, with boldness, or presumptuousness, towards him; syn. اِنْبَسَطَ عَلَيْهِ; (M, K;) as also ↓ تدلّل: (M, Mgh, * K:) and هِىَ تُدِلُّ عَلَيْهِ [and ↓ تَتَدَلَّلُ] She emboldens herself against him. (T.) Imrael-Keys says, ↓ أَفَاطِمَ مَهْلًا بَعْضَ هٰذاَ التَّدَلُّلِ فَإِنْ كُنْتِ قَدْ أَزْمَعْتِ صَرْمِى فَأَجْمِلِى

[O Fátimeh (فاطم being a contraction of فَاطِمَةُ), act thou gently: relinquish somewhat of this boldness; (or, as is said in the EM, p. 15, of this amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; see 1;) and if thou have determined upon cutting me, act with goodness, or moderation]. (TA.) b2: Also He confided in his love, and therefore acted presumptuously towards him. (IDrd, M, K. *) In the copies of the K, أَوْثَقَ is here put in the place of وَثِقَ. (TA.) [And in the CK, أَوْثَقَ بِحَبَّتِه is put for وَثِقَ بِمُحَبِّتِهِ.] Hence, (TA,) one says, أَدَلَّ فَأَمَلَّ [He acted presumptuously, confiding in another's love, and disgusted]: (S, M, TA:) a prov. (M, TA.) b3: One says also, هُوَ يُدِلُّ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning [simply] He confides in such a one. (S.) b4: And ادلّ عَلَى أَقْرَانِهِ, (S, M, K,) meaning أَخَذَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقٍ [i. e. He overcame, or overpowered, his adversaries], (M, K,) in war, or battle: (S:) and so البَازِى عَلَى

صَيْدِهِ [the hawk, his prey, or quarry]. (S, M, K.) A3: ادلّ said of a wolf, He became mangy, or scabby, and lean, or emaciated, and small in body. (Sgh, K.) 5 تَدَلَّّ see 1, and 4; the latter in three places.

تدلّل also signifies He exalted himself; or was, or became, haughty, proud, or disdainful: you say, هُمْ يَتَدَلَّلُونَ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ [They exalt themselves against the Sultán; or behave haughtily to him]. (S in art. دكل.) 7 اندلّ: see 1, in three places. b2: Also It poured out or forth; or was, or became, poured out or forth. (Sgh, K.) 8 اِدَّلَّ, first Pers\. اِدَّلَلْتُ: see 1.10 استدلّ He desired, or sought, an indication, an evidence, a proof, or an argument: [this is the primary signification: and hence,] he adduced an indication, &c.: and he drew an inference, or a deduction: (KL:) or he established an indication for the purpose of obtaining a certain knowledge of a thing indicated, or for the purpose of affirming a thing indicated: and sometimes it is quasi-pass. of دَلَّهُ الطَّرِيقَ [explained above, so that it signifies he was, or became, directed, or rightly directed, to the way]. (TA. See 1.) [You say, استدلّ بِشَىْءٍعَلَى شَىْءٍ آخَرَ He desired, or sought, to be directed, or guided, by a thing, to another thing: he adduced, or took, or regarded, a thing as an indication, an evidence, or a proof, of another thing, or as an argument in favour of another thing: he inferred, from a thing, another thing: he sought, or found, or perceived, or saw, in a thing, an indication, an evidence, or a proof, of another thing, or an argument in favour of another thing: he was, or became, directed, or guided, or he directed or guided himself, by a thing, to another thing, or to the knowledge of another thing. الــدَّلِيلُ مَا يُسْتَدَلَّ بِهِ, occurring in the S, means The دليل is that whereby one is directed, or guided.] R. Q. 1 دَلْدَلَ, (M,) inf. n. دَلْدَلَةٌ and دِلْدَالٌ, (M, K,) He put in motion or in a state of commotion, or moved about, (M, K,) a thing suspended, (M,) and his head and limbs in walking, (M, K) said of a man. (M.) A2: دَلْدَلَ فِى

الأَرْضِ He went away into the country, or in the land. (T.) R. Q. 2 تَدَلْدَلَ It was, or became, in a state of motion or commotion, or it moved about, (T, S, K,) hanging down; i. e. it dangled: (S, K:) it hung down loosely. (M, K.) b2: [Hence,] تَدَلْدَلُوا بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ فَلَمْ يَسْتَقِيمُوا [(assumed tropical:) They wavered, vacillated, or hung in suspense, between two affairs, and did not pursue a direct course]. (Lh, T, K.) دَلٌّ Amorous gesture or behaviour, of a woman, with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; as also ↓ دَلَالٌ: (S, M:) the former is an inf. n., [see 1,] and ↓ the latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) both signifying a woman's boldness of behaviour (M, Msb, K) towards the husband, (M, K,) with amorous gesture, and coquettishness, feigning opposition; (M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ دَالُولَآءُ, (K,) and ↓ دَالَّةٌ: (Har p. 567:) or دَلٌّ signifies a woman's pleasing talk and jesting and mien or guise; as also ↓ دَلَالٌ: (Sh, T:) and pleasing talk and jesting of a man with his wife: (TA in art. سمت:) and also, (Kudot;,) accord. to A'Obeyd (T, S) and Hr, (M,) like هَدْىٌ, (K,) or nearly the same as this word, (T, S, M,) both signifying a certain calm or placid or grave manner of deportment, with pleasingness of mien or guise or aspect, (T, S, M, K,) and of the natural dispositions &c., (T, S,) of a man: (T, S, M:) and boldness [or presumptuousness]; (T in art. دلو;) as also ↓ دَلَالٌ and ↓ دَالَّةٌ: (Mgh, and Har p. 243, and T ubi suprà in explanation of the last:) or this last signifies a kind of boldness (IAar, T, M, * K *) towards a person in whose estimation one holds a high place, (IAar, T,) or towards a person beloved, or a beloved and loving relation; (M, K;) and is a subst. from أَدَلَّ; (S;) syn. with إِدْلَالٌ; (Har p. 243;) as is also ↓ دِلَّةٌ. (Fr, T.) One says, هِىَ حَسَنَةُ الدَّلِّ and ↓ الدَّلَالِ [She is pleasing in respect of her amorous gesture &c.]. (S.) A2: It is also an arabicized word, from the Pers\.

دِلْ signifying The heart, or mind: (M, K:) sometimes used in the speech of the Arabs, (M,) and applied by them as a proper name (M, K,) to a woman: (M:) with fet-h (M, K) and teshdeed (K) because there is no such word in their language as دِلٌّ; wherefore they changed it to دَلٌّ, which has the first of the meanings assigned to it above. (M.) دَلَّةٌ, to which Golius assigns a meaning partly belonging to دَلْدَلَةٌ, an inf. n. of دَلْدَلَ, and partly to other words of this art, (“ Capitis membrorumve motus seu gestus, extrinsecus gravitatem præ se ferens, profectus tamen ab eo qui amat favetque,”) as on the authority of the K and KL, I do not find in either of those works.]

دُلَّةٌ A favour, or benefit, conferred, or bestowed. (Fr, T.) دِلَّةٌ: see دَلٌّ.

دَلَالٌ: see دَلٌّ, in five places.

دَلِيلٌ i. q. ↓ دَالٌّ; (S, Msb, TA;) i.e.[A director; or] a right director (Msb, Kull, TA) to that which is sought or desired; a guide; (Kull;) one who directs, or rightly directs, another; (M;) [an indicator;] and a discoverer: (Msb:) and a thing by which one is directed, or guided, (مَا يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهِ S, TA,) or by which one is rightly directed; (TA;) [an indication; an evidence; a proof; and an argument;] a sign set up for the knowledge of a thing indicated; (whence smoke is called دَلِيلٌ عَلَى النَّارِ [an indication of fire];) anything whereby a thing indicated is known, whether relating to an object of sense or to the law [&c.], decisive or indecisive: and ↓ دَلَالَةٌ is used in the sense of دَلِيلٌ, because a thing is called by the inf. n. of its verb: (Kull:) and so is ↓ دِلِّيلَــى, (S, MF, TA,) though this is asserted in the K to have been said heedlessly by J because this last word is an inf. n.; for the inf. n. is used in the sense of the act. part. n., almost by a general rule, as it is also in the sense of the pass. part. n.: (MF, TA:) the pl. of دَلِيلٌ is أَدِلَّآءُ [generally restricted to rational beings, or always so restricted,] and أَدِلَّةٌ [generally restricted to things by which one is directed &c., but properly a pl. of pauc.,] (M, TA) and, accord. to some, دَلَائِلُ, (Kull,) or this is pl. of ↓ دَلِيلَــةٌ [fem. of دَلِيلٌ, or of ↓ دَلَالَةٌ, as is also دَلَالَاتٌ. (TA.) يَا دَلِيلَ المُتَحَيِّرِينَ means O guide of those who are perplexed to that by means of which their perplexity will depart. (Kull.) The saying of a poet, شَدُّوا المَطَى عَلَى دَلِيلٍ دَائِبِ means, as some say, بِــدَلِيلٍ [i.e. They bound the saddles upon the camels for riding, with, or by means of, a toiling guide]: or, accord. to IJ, it may be elliptical, for عَلَىدِلَالَةِ دَلِيلٍ, and is like the phrase سِرْ عَلَى اسْمِ اللّٰهِ; as though he said, مُعْتَمِدِينَ عَلَى دَلِيلٍ دَائِبِ [relying upon a toiling guide]. (M.) دَلَالَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places; and see its pl. in the same: b2: see also دَلِيلٌ, in two places. b3: As a conventional term, (TA,) it means A word's signification, or indication of meaning: (Msb, TA:) this is of three kinds: thus إِنْسَانٌ signifies, or indicates, “an animal endowed with reason ” بِالمُطَابَقَةِ, i. e. by complete correspondence; and “ an animal ” or “ a being endowed with reason ” بِالتَّضَمُّنِ, i. e. [by partial inclusion, or] partially; and “ a being capable of knowledge ” بِالِالْتِزَامِ, i. e. [necessarily, or] by a necessary idea attached to it in the mind. (TA.) دِلَالَةٌ a subst. signifying Direction, right direction, or guidance; (Fr, T, M, Msb;) as also ↓ دَلَالَةٌ, (Fr, T, Msb,) or the former only accord. to IDrd, (M,) and ↓ دُلُولَةٌ and ↓ دِلِّلَيلَى; (M;) or this last is an inf. n. like ↓ دَلَالَةٌ; (K;) or signifies the skill of a guide in direction or right direction or guidance; his well-grounded skill therein. (Sb, M, K.) A poet says, إِنِّى امْرَأٌ بِالطُّرْقِ ذُو دَلَالَاتْ [Verily I am a man possessing varied skill in guiding in the roads, or ways]. (A'Obeyd, S.) b2: The occupation of the دَلَّال [q. v.]; (M, K;) as also ↓ دَلَالَةٌ: (K:) or, accord. to IDrd, the latter [only] has this meaning. (M.) b3: The hire that one gives to the دَلِيل, or [so in the M, but in the K “ and ”] to the دَلَّال: (M, K:) and so, sometimes, ↓ دَلَالَةٌ. (K.) دُلُولَةٌ an inf. n. of دَلَّ [q. v.]: (S, Msb, K:) or a simple subst.: (M:) see the next preceding paragraph.

دَلِيلَــةٌ: see دَليِلٌ: b2: and see also what next follows.

دُلَّى A conspicuous road or beaten track. (IAar, K.) In the T, at the end of art. لد it is said that ↓ دَلِيلَــةٌ signifies A white road or beaten track; on the authority of AA. (TA.) دَلَّالٌ A broker; or one who acts as an intermediary between the seller and the buyer, for effecting the sale; because he directs the purchaser to the merchandise, and the seller to the price; also called سِمْسَارٌ; (TA in art. سمسر;) one who brings together the seller and the buyer. (M, K.) دِلِّيلَــى: see دَلِيلٌ: b2: and see also دِلَالَةٌ.

قَوْمٌ دُلْدُلٌ (T, * K) and ↓ دَلْدَالٌ (Lh, T, K) A people, or party, wavering, vacillating, or hanging in suspense, between two affairs, and not pursuing a direct course. (Lh, T, K.) You say also, جَاوُوا دُلْدُلًا, meaning They came wavering; not inclining to these nor to those. (ISk, T, S.) A2: دُلْدُلٌ also signifies A case, or an affair, of great magnitude or moment, difficult, or formidable. (K.) You say, وَقَعَ القَوْمُ فِى الدَّلْدُلِ [The people, or party, fell into that which was a case of great magnitude &c.]. (TA.) [See also a similar phrase in the next paragraph.]) A3: Also, (S, M, K,) and ↓ دُلْدُولٌ, (K,) The قُنْفُذ [or hedge-hog]: (IAar, T, K:) or a species of قنفذ having long prickles: (M:) or a large قنفذ: (S, K:) or the male قنفذ: (MF:) or an animal like the قنفذ; (M, K;) it is a certain beast that shakes, and shoots forth prickles like arrows: the difference between it and the قنفذ is like that between فِئَرَة and جِرْذَانْ, and the ox-kind and buffaloes, and Arabian camels and those called بَخَاتِىّ: (M:) or a certain large thing, larger than the قنفذ, having long prickles. (Lth, T.) b2: Also, the former, without the article ال (M, TA,) incorrectly written in the K with that article, (TA,) the name of A certain mule, (M, K, TA,) of a colour in which whiteness predominated over blackness, (TA,) belonging to the Prophet. (M, K, TA.) دَلْدَالٌ [Motion, or commotion, or a moving about, of a thing suspended, and of the head and limbs in walking;] a subst. from دَلْدَلَ in the first of the senses assigned to this verb above: (M, K:) agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance. (S, K.) [Hence,] one says, وَقَعَ القَوْمُ فِى دَلْدَالٌ The people, or party, fell into an unsound, a corrupt, or a disordered, and an unsteady, or a fluctuating, state of affairs. (Lh, T. [See a similar phrase in the next preceding paragraph.]) b2: See also another signification in the next preceding paragraph.

دُلْدُولٌ: see دُلْدُلٌ.

دَالٌّ: see دَلِيلٌ.

دَالَّةٌ: see دَلٌّ, in two places.

دَالُولَآءُ: see دَلٌّ.

أَدَلٌّ Very bountiful or beneficent. (IAar, T.) اِسْتِدْلَالِىٌّ [Inferential, illative, or deductive, knowledge;] a term opposed to ضَرُورِىٌّ as meaning [intuitive, immediate, or axiomatic, or] such as originates without thought, or reflection, and intellectual examination of an evidence or a proof. (Kull p. 232.) مُدِلٌّ [Acting, or behaving, with boldness, or presumptuousness: &c.: see its verb (4).] Trusting in himself, and in his weapons and apparatus. (Ham p. 383.) And مُدِلٌّ بِالشَّجَاعَةِ [Presuming by reason of courage: or] bold, daring, or brave. (T.) فُلَانَةُ مُدَلَّلَةُ فُلَانٍ, meaning Such a female is the foster-child of such a man, is a phrase of the people of Baghdád, not of the [classical] language of the Arabs. (Sgh, TA.) مُدَلِّلٌ One who accuses of a crime, an offence, or an injurious action, wrongfully. (IAar, T.) مَدْلُولٌ [pass. part. n. of دَلَّ; Directed, directed aright, or guided: and indicated, denoted, or signified. Hence, مَدْلُولُ لَفْظٍ The indicated meaning, or signification, of a word: pl. مَدْلُولَاتٌ.

A2: Also] Emboldened. (T.)

برهن

Q., or, as some say, Q. Q., 1.Q. 1 بَرْهَنَ He adduced, (T, Z, Msb,) or established, (S, K, and Ham p. 7,) the بُرْهَان, (T, Z, Msb, K,) i. e. the evidence or proof [&c.]; (T, S, Msb, &c.;) or he adduced his evidence or proof [&c.]; (T, Msb;) عَلَيْهِ [against him, or it, or (as in اِسْتَدَلَّ عَلَيْهِ) of it], (S, K, and Ham p. 7,) and لَهُ [to him, or for him]: (Ham ubi suprà:) but this verb is said by Az and Z, on the authority of IAar, to be post-classical; the correct word, they say, being أَبْرَهَ: (Msb:) this they assert on the ground of the opinion that بُرْهَانٌ [q. v.] is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ; but J holds the ن to be a radical. (TA.) بُرْهَانٌ An evidence, or a proof: (T, S, Msb, K, and Ham p. 7:) and a demonstration; i. e. the manifestation of an evidence or proof: (Msb:) or a decisive and manifest evidence or proof: (TA:) or the firmest, strongest, or most valid, evidence or proof; which is such as ever necessarily implies truth, or veracity, as its consequence, or concomitant; for evidences, or proofs, are of five sorts; whereof this is one; another is that which ever necessarily implies falsity, or falsehood, as its consequence, or concomitant; another, that which is nearer to truth, or veracity; another, that which is nearer to falsity, or falsehood; and another, that which is intermediate between these two: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [pl. بَرَاهِينُ:] some say that the ن in this word is augmentative; (Msb, and Ham p. 7;) that it is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, from البره [app. البَرْهُ] signifying the “act of cutting:” (Ham ubi suprà:) others, that it is radical: Az mentions both of these opinions: J confines himself to the latter opinion: Z, to the former, saying, on the authority of IAar, that the word is derived from بَرَهْرَهَةٌ, meaning “white,” [or “fair in complexion,”] applied to a girl: (Msb:) Abu-l-Fet-h [i. e. IJ] says that he holds it to be of the measure فُعْلَالٌ, like قُرْطَاسٌ and قُرْنَاسٌ, the ن not being augmentative, as is shown by the verb above mentioned: (Ham ubi suprà:) but [it has been stated above that] this verb is said, on the authority of IAar, to be post-classical. (Msb, TA.)

سبطر

Q. 4 اِسْبَطَرَّ He stretched himself: (M:) he lay upon his side, and stretched himself. (S, K.) b2: He (a slaughtered beast) stretched himself to die. (TA.) b3: اسبطرّت الإِبِلُ فِى سَيْرِهَا The camels hastened, (M, * K, * TA,) and stretched themselves, in their march, or course. (TA.) b4: اسبطرّت لَهُ البِلَادُ The provinces became rightly disposed to him. (Fr, K. *) سِبَطْرٌ A lion stretching himself when about to spring or leap. (S, K.) b2: A quick camel: pl. سِبَطْرَاتٌ: it has no broken pl. (Sb, M.) b3: Also, the pl. above mentioned, Camels long, upon the surface of the ground [or horizontally]. (S, K.) The ت [says J] is not the denotative of the fem. gender: (S:) it is like that in رِجَالَاتٌ (S, K) and حَمَّامَاتٌ, as masc. pls.: (S:) but IB says, the ت in this word is the denotative of the fem. gender; for it is an epithet applied to جِمَالٌ, which is fem. as a [broken] pl.; as is shown by the saying الجِمَالُ سَارَتْ, and رَعَتْ, &c.: and he adds, J's saying that it is like رجالات and حمّامات is a mistake, inasmuch as he confounds رجالات with حمّامات; for رِجَالٌ is a fem. pl., as is shown by one's saying الرِّجَالُ خَرَجَتْ, and سَارَتْ; but حَمَّامٌ is masc., and should not regularly have a pl. with ا and ت, but, as Sb says, it has this pl. form, like some other masc. words, in lieu of a broken pl., and would not have it if it had a broken pl. (TA.) b4: Also the sing., Penetrating; effective; (Lth, M, K;) [as though stretching far;] sharp in intellect; clever; acute: (K: [in the CK, الماضِى السَّهْمِ is put by mistake for الماضى الشَّهْمُ:]) or sharp in intellect, and very bold or daring or courageous. (TA.) b5: Lank hair. (M.) b6: A man (Sh) lank and tall. (Sh, K.) b7: And with ة, A corpulent woman. (M.) سِبَطْرَى A proud and self-conceited gait, with an affected inclining of the body from side to side. (M, K.) سُبَاطِرٌ: see what next follows.

سَبَيْطَرٌ and ↓ سُبَاطِرٌ Tall, or long. (M, K.) b2: Also the former, A certain bird having a very long neck, (S, K,) which one sees always in shallow water; surnamed أَبُو العَيْزَارِ. (S.) [Freytag says, on the authority of Dmr, that it is also called مالك الحزين. See art. ملك.]

غرنق

غَرْنَقَةٌ An amorous playing with the eyes. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) غِرْنَاقٌ: see غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence.

غُرْنُوقٌ is held by the author of the K to be wrongly mentioned by J in art. غرق, on the ground of the saying that the ن is radical; and IJ says that Sb has mentioned غُرْنَيْقٌ among quadriliteral-radical words: but there is a difference of opinion on this point; for AHei asserts that the ن in غُرْنُوقٌ and in all its dial. vars. is augmentative. (TA.) b2: See غُرْنَيْقٌ, in two places. b3: Also sing. of غَرَانِقُ, which signifies (assumed tropical:) Certain trees: (Aboo-Ziyád, O, K:) or, as also ↓ غُرَانِقٌ, sing. of غَرَانِيقُ, which signifies the tender sprouts at the root, or lower part, of the عَوْسَج [or box-thorn]: (AA, O, K:) likened to a tender youth, because of their freshness and beauty: (TA:) or غُرْنُوقٌ signifies a tender and concealed plant; (K, TA;) or, accord. to one copy [of the K], a tender, spreading plant: mentioned by AHn. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A lock of hair much twisted: (Lth, O, K:) or, accord. to IAar, a forelock: so in the phrase جَذَبَ غُرْنُوقَهُ [He pulled his forelock]: and نُغْرُوقٌ signifies the “ hair of the back of the neck. ” (O, TA.) غِرْنَوْقٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

غُرْنَيْقٌ (S, K) and ↓ غُرْنُوقٌ and ↓ غِرْنَوْقٌ (O, K) A certain aquatic bird, (S, O, K, TA,) long in the neck (S, O, TA) and in the legs, (TA,) white, (O, K, TA,) or black: (K, TA:) [app. the white stork, ardea ciconia; or, accord. to some, the black stork, ardea nigra:] or, accord. to IAmb, the males [or male] thereof: (TA:) or the first, (O, K,) as also the second, (K,) signifies the كُرْكِىّ [or Numidean crane, ardea virgo]: (As, O, K, TA:) or a certain bird resembling this: (ISk, O, K, TA:) pl. غَرَانِيقُ. (O, TA.) It is related of the Prophet that [when he was reciting the words of the Kur (liii. 19 and 20), “Have ye considered El-Lát, and El-'Ozzà, and Menáh, the other third? ”] the Devil put into his mouth the saying تِلْكَ الغَرَانِيقُ العُلَى [Those are the most high غرانيق, as though meaning cranes, for the Numidian crane is remarkable in the East for its superlatively-high flight]; referring, as IAar says, to the idols, which were asserted to be intercessors with God, wherefore they are likened to the birds that rise high into the sky: (O, TA: *) or غرانيق may in this case be a pl. of one of the sings. expl. in what here follows [but applied to females]. (O.) b2: غُرْنَيْقٌ (O, K, TA, and so in copies of the S) and ↓ غِرْنَيْقٌ (IJ, TA, and so in some copies of the S in the place of the former) and ↓ غُرْنُوقٌ and ↓ غِرْنَوْقٌ (S, O, K, TA) and ↓ غِرْنِيقٌ (K) and ↓ غِرْنَاقٌ and ↓ غَرَوْنَقٌ (O, K) and ↓ غُرَانِقٌ (S, K) signify (assumed tropical:) A tender youth; (S;) or a white, or fair, and comely, or beautiful, youth; (O, K;) or a youth white, or fair, tender, having beautiful hair, and comely: (TA:) pl. غَرَانِيقُ and غَرَانِقَةٌ (S, O, K) and غَرَانِقُ, (S, K,) which last may be pl. of غُرَانِقٌ, agreeably with analogy, (IAmb, TA,) or it may be a contraction of غَرَانِيقُ, as such used by a poet. (TA.) غِرْنَيْقٌ and غِرْنِيْقٌ: see the next preceding sentence.

غُرَانِقٌ, applied to a youth, (K, TA,) and to youthfulness, (TA, and so in the CK instead of a youth,) Perfect, or without defect. (K, TA.) And, applied to a woman, as also غُرَانِقَةٌ, Youthful and plump. (K.) b2: See also غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence. b3: لِمَّةٌ غُرَانِقَةٌ and ↓ غُرَانِقِيَّةٌ [Hair descending below the lobe of the ear, or descending upon the shoulders,] sleek, such as the wind puts in motion. (Sh, O, K.) b4: See also غُرْنُوقٌ.

غَرَوْنَقٌ: see غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence.

لِمَّةٌ غُرَانِقِيَّةٌ: see غُرَانِقٌ.

ذا

ذَا is said by Aboo-'Alee to be originally ذَىْ; the ى, though quiescent, being changed into ا: (M:) or it is originally ذَيَى or ذَوَى; the final radical letter being elided: some say that the original medial radical letter is ى because it has been heard to be pronounced with imáleh [and so it is now pronounced in Egypt]; but others say that it is و, and this is the more agreeable with analogy. (Msb.) It is a noun of indication, [properly meaning This, but sometimes, when repeated, better rendered that,] relating to an object of the masc. gender, (S, M, K,) such as is near: (I'Ak p. 36:) or it relates to what is distant [accord. to some, and therefore should always be rendered that]; and هٰذَا, [which see in what follows,] to what is near: (K in art. هَا: [but the former is generally held to relate to what is near, like the latter:]) or it is a noun denoting anything indicated that is seen by the speaker and the person addressed: the noun in it is ذَ, or ذ alone: and it is a noun of which the signification is vague and unknown until it is explained by what follows it, as when you say ذَا الرَّجُلُ [This man], and ذَا الفَرَسَ [This horse]: and the nom. and accus. and gen. are all alike: (T:) the fem. is ذِى (T, S, M, K, but omitted in the CK) and ذِهْ, (S, M, K, but omitted in the CK,) the latter used in the case of a pause, (S,) with a quiescent ه, which is a substitute for the ى, not a sign of the fem. gender, (S, M,) as it is in طَلْحَهْ and حَمْزَهْ, in which it is changed into ة when followed by a conjunctive alif, for in this case the ه in ذِه remains unchanged [but is meksoorah, as it is also in other cases of connexion with a following word]; and one says also ذهِى; (M;) and تَا and تِهْ: (S and K &c. in art. تا:) for the dual you say ذَانِ and تَانِ; (M;) ذَانِ is the dual form of ذَا (T, S) [and تَانِ is that of تَا used in the place of ذِى]; i. e., you indicate the masc. dual by ذَانِ in the nom. case, and ذَيْنِ in the accus. and gen.; and the fem. dual you indicate by تَانِ in the nom. case, and تَيْنِ in the accus. and gen.: (I'Ak p. 36:) the pl. is أُلَآءِ [or أُلَآءِ] (T, S, and I'Ak ib.) in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, (I'Ak,) and أُولَى [or أُلَى] (T, I'Ak) in the dial. of Temeem; each both masc. and fem. (I'Ak ib. [See art. الى.]) You say, ذَا أَخُوكَ [This is thy brother]: and ذِىأُخْتُكَ [This is thy sister]: (T:) and لَاآتِيكَ فِى ذِى السَّنَةِ [I will not come to thee in this year]; like as you say فى هٰذِهِ السَّنَةِ and فى هٰذِى السَّنَةِ; not فى ذَا السَّنَةِ, because ذا is always masc. (As, T.) And you say, ذَانِ أَخَوَاكَ [These two are thy two brothers]: and تَانِ أُخْتَاكَ [These two are thy two sisters]. (T.) and أُولَآءِ إِخْوَتُكَ [These are thy brothers]: and أُولَآءِ

أَخَوَاتُكَ [These are thy sisters]: thus making no difference between the masc. and the fem. in the pl. (T.) b2: The هَا that is used to give notice, to a person addressed, of something about to be said to him, is prefixed to ذَا [and to ذِى &c.], (T, S, M, K,) and is a particle without any meaning but inception: (T:) thus you say هٰذَا, (T, S, M,) and some say هٰذَاا, adding another ا; (Ks, T;) fem.

هٰذِى, (T, S, M,) and [more commonly] هٰذِهْ in the case of a pause, (M,) and هٰذِهِ in other cases, (T, S,) and هَاتَا, and some say هٰذَاتِ, but this is unusual and disapproved: (T:) dual هٰذَانِ for the masc., and هَاتَانِ for the fem.; (T;) said by IJ to be not properly duals, but nouns formed to denote duals; (M;) and many of the Arabs say هٰذَانِّ; (T;) some, also, make هٰذَانِ indecl., like the sing. ذَا, reading [in the Kur xx. 66] إِنَّ هٰذَانِ لَسَاحِرَانِ [Verily these two are enchanters], and it has been said that this is of the dial. of Belhárith [or Benu-l-Hárith] Ibn-Kaab; but others make it decl., reading إِنَّ هٰذَايْنِ لَسَاحِرَانِ: (S, TA: [see, however, what has been said respecting this phrase voce إِنَّ:]) the pl. is هٰؤُلَا in the dial. of Temeem, with a quiescent ا; and هٰؤُلَآءِ in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, with medd and hemz and khafd; and هٰؤُلَآءٍ in the dial. of Benoo-'Okeyl, with medd and hemz and tenween. (Az, T.) The Arabs also say, لَا هَا اللّٰهِ ذَا, introducing the name of God between هَا and ذَا; meaning No, by God; this is [my oath, or] that by which I swear. (T.) In the following verse, of Jemeel, وَأَتَى صَوَاحِبُهَا فَقُلْنَ هٰذَا الَّذِى

مَنَحَ المَوَدَّةَ غَيْرَنَا وَجَفَانَا [it is said that] هَذَا is for أَذَا, (M,) i. e., ه is here substituted for the interrogative hemzeh (S * and K in art. ها) [so that the meaning is, And her female companions came, and said, Is this he who gave love to other than us, and treated us unkindly?]: or, as some assert, هَذَا is here used for هٰذَا, the ا being suppressed for the sake of the measure. (El-Bedr El-Karáfee, TA in art. ها.) b3: One says also ذَاكَ, (T, S, M, K,) affixing to ذَا the ك of allocution, [q. v., meaning That,] relating to an object that is distant, (T, *, S, and I'Ak p. 36,) or, accord. to general opinion, to that which occupies a middle place between the near and the distant, (I'Ak pp. 36 and 37,) and this ك has no place in desinential syntax; (S, and I'Ak p. 36;) it does not occupy the place of a gen. nor of an accus., but is only affixed to ذا to denote the distance of ذا from the person addressed: (T:) for the fem. you say تِيكَ (T, S) and تَاكَ; (S and K in art. تا, q. v.;) but not ذِيكَ, for this is wrong, (T, S,) and is used only by the vulgar: (T:) for the dual you say ذَانِكَ (T, S) and ذَيْنِكَ, as in the phrases جَآءَنِى ذَانِكَ الرَّجُلَانِ [Those two men came to me] and رَأَيْتُ ذَيْنُكَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ, [I saw those two men]; (S;) and some say ذَانِّكَ, with teshdeed, (T, S,) [accord. to J] for the purpose of corroboration, and to add to the letters of the noun, (S,) but [accord. to others] this is dual of ذٰلِكَ, [which see in what follows,] the second ن being a substitute for the ل; (T on the authority of Zj and others;) and some say تَانِّكَ also, with tesh-deed, (T, S,) as well as تَانِكَ: (T in this art., and S and K in art. تا, but there omitted in some copies of the S:) the pl. is [أُولَاكَ and] أُولٰئِكَ. (T, S.) هَا is also prefixed to ذَاكَ; so that you say, هٰذَاكَ زَيْدٌ [That is Zeyd]: (S, TA:) and in like manner, for the fem., you say هَاتِيكَ and هَاتَاكَ: (S and K in art. تا:) but it is not prefixed [to the dual nor] to أُولٰئِكَ. (S.) b4: You also add ل in ذَاكَ, (T, S, M, K,) as a corroborative; (TA;) so that you say ذٰلِكَ, [meaning That,] (T, S, M, K,) relating to an object that is distant, by common consent; (I'Ak pp. 36 and 37;) or hemzeh, saying ذَائِكَ, (K,) but some say that this is a mispronunciation: (TA in art. ذوى:) for the fem. you say تِلْكَ and تَالِكَ: the dual of ذٰلِكَ is ذَانِّكَ, mentioned above; and that of the fem. is ثَانِّكَ: (T: [and in the K in art. تا, تَالِكَ is also mentioned as a dual, as well as a sing.:]) and the pl. is أُولَالِكَ. (S and M and K voce أُولَى or أُلَى or أُلَا. [See art. الى.]) هَا is not prefixed to ذٰلِكَ (S) nor to تِلْكَ [nor to أُولَالِكَ] because, as IB says, the ل denotes the remoteness of that which is indicated and the ها denotes its nearness, so that the two are incompatible. (TA in art. تا.) b5: In the saying in the Kur [ii. 256, the Verse of the Throne], مَنْ ذَا الَّذِى يَشْفَعُ عِنْدَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ, (T, TA,) accord. to Th and Mbr, (TA,) هٰذَا is syn. with ذا [so that the meaning is, Who is this that shall intercede with Him but by his permission?]: (T, TA:) or it may be here redundant [so that the meaning is, Who is he that &c.?]. (Kull.) b6: It is sometimes syn. with اَلَّذِى. (T, S, M.) So in the saying, مَا ذَا رَأَيْتَ [What is it that thou sawest?]; to which one may answer, مَتَاعٌ حَسَنٌ [A goodly commodity]. (Sb, S.) and so in the Kur [ii. 220 (erroneously stated as 216 in Lane's original)], وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ[And they ask thee what amount of their property is it that they shall expend in alms]; (T, M, TA;) accord. to those who make the reply to be in the nom. case; for this shows that ما is [virtually] in the nom. case as an inchoative, and ذا is its enunciative, and ينفقون is the complement of ذا; and that ما and ذا are not to be regarded as one word: [or] this is the preferable way of explanation in the opinion of Sb, though he allowed the other way, [that of regarding ما and ذا as one word, together constituting an inchoative, and ينفقون as its enunciative, (see Ham p. 521,)] with [the reply in] the nom. case: (M:) and هٰذَا, also, is used in the same sense: (TA:) so too ذا in مَا ذَا هُوَ and مَنْ ذَا هُوَ may be considered as syn. with الذى; but it is preferable to regard it as redundant. (Kull.) b7: It is [said to be] redundant also in other instances: for ex., in the trad. of Jereer, as related by Aboo-'Amr Ez-Záhid, who says that it is so in this instance: يَطْلُعُ عَلَيْكُمْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ ذِى يَمَنٍ عَلَى وَجْهِهِ مَسْحَةٌ مِنْ ذِى مُلْكٍ

[There will come to you a man from El-Yemen, having upon his face an indication of dominion]. (TA. [But this evidently belongs to art. ذُو; in which see a similar ex. (أَتَيْنَا ذَا يَمَنٍ). See also other exs. there.]) b8: [كَذَا lit. means Like this: and hence, thus: as also هٰكَذَا. b9: It is also often used as one word, and, as such, is made the complement of a prefixed noun; as in سَنَةَ كَذَا and فِى سَنَةِ كَذَا In such a year. See also art. كَذَا: and see the letter ك.] b10: هٰذَا is sometimes used to express contempt, and mean estimation; as in the saying of 'Áïsheh respecting 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Amr Ibn-'Abbás, يَا عَجَبًا لِابْنِ عَمْرٍو هٰذَا [O wonder (meaning how I wonder) at Ibn-'Amr, this fellow!]. (Kitáb el-Miftáh, cited in De Sacy's “ Gram. Ar.,” 2nd ed., i. 442.) [يَا هٰذَا often occurs as addressed to one who is held in mean estimation: it is like the Greek ὦ οὗτος, and virtually like the vulgar Arabic expression يَا أَنْتَ, and the Latin heus tu; agreeably with which it may be rendered O thou; meaning O thou fellow; an appellation denoting mean estimation being understood: in the contrary case, one says يَا فَتَى.

See also, in what follows, a usage of ذَاكَ and ذٰلِكَ. b11: هٰذَا in a letter and the like is introduced when the writer breaks off, turning to a new subject; and means “ This is all that I had to say on the subject to which, it relates: ” what follows it is commenced with the conjunction وَ.] b12: One says, لَيْسَ بِذَاكَ [and لَيْسَ بِذٰلِكَ], meaning It is not approved: for, [like as a person held in mean estimation is indicated by هٰذَا, which denotes a thing that is near, so,] on account of its high degree of estimation, a thing that is approved is indicated by that whereby one indicates a thing that is remote. (Kull voce ليس.) [See also what next follows.] b13: ذٰلِكَ الكِتَابُ in the Kur ii. 1 is said by Zj to mean هٰذَا الكِتَابُ [This book]: but others say that ذلك is here used because the book is remote [from others] in respect of highness and greatness of rank. (TA.) b14: كَذٰلِكَ [lit. Like that, often means so, or in like manner: and b15: ] Let that suffice [thee or] you. (TA in art. ذعر, from a trad.) b16: The dim. of ذَا is ذَيَّا: (T, S, M:) you form no dim. of the fem. ذِى, using in its stead that of تَا, (S,) which is تَيَّا: (T:) the dim. of the dual [ذَانِ] is ذَيَّانِ: (S:) and that of [the pl.] أُولَآءِ [and أُولَى] is أُولَيَّآءِ [and أُولَيَّا]: (T:) b17: that of هٰذَا is ذَيَّا, like that of ذَا; [and you may say هٰذَيَّا also; for] that of هٰؤُلَآءِ is هٰؤُلَيَّآءِ: (T:) b18: that of ذَاكَ is ذَيَّاكَ: (S, K: *) and that of تَاكَ is تَيَّاكَ: (K in art. تا:) b19: that of ذٰلِكَ is ذَيَّالِكَ: (S, K: *) and that of تِلْكَ is تَيَّالِكَ. (S.) A rájiz says, أَوْ تَحْلِفِى بِرَبِّكَ العَلِىِّ

إِنِّى أَبُو ذَيَّالِكِ الصَّبِىِّ [Or thou shalt swear by thy Lord, the High, that I am the father of that little child]: (S, TA:) he was an Arab who came from a journey, and found that his wife had given birth to a boy whom he disacknowledged. (TA.) A2: ذَا is also the accus. case of ذُو, q. v.

عقرب

Q. 1 عَقْرَبَ He twisted, wreathed, curled, curved, or bent, a thing. (MA.) A2: [And, accord. to Freytag, He imitated the scorpion in acting: but for this he names no authority; and I doubt its correctness: see the next paragraph.]Q. 2 تَعَقْرَبَ [It was crisp and curved; said of a lock of hair hanging down upon the temple: so accord. to Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag. b2: And He acted like 'Akrab; a man notorious for putting off the fulfilment of his promises; as is said in the TA in the present art.]. (A and TA in art. عرقب: see Q. 2 in that art.) عَقْرَبٌ [The scorpion;] a certain venomous reptile, (TA,) well known: (K, TA:) the word is masc. (TA) and it is fem., (S, O, K, TA,) generally the latter; (T, Msb, TA;) but is applied to the male and the female: (Lth, T, O, Msb, TA:) and the male is called ↓ عُقْرُبَانٌ, (T, S, O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to some, (O,) when one desires to denote it in a corroborative manner, (Msb, TA,) and ↓ عُقْرُبَّانٌ also; (K;) or these two words are syn. with عَقْرَبٌ: (K:) and the female is called ↓ عَقْرَبَةٌ, (T, S, O, Msb, K,) sometimes, (T, Msb,) and ↓ عَقْرَبَآءُ, which is imperfectly decl.; (S, O, K;) or these two words and عَقْرَبٌ, accord. to the “ Tahreer et-Tembeeh,” all denote the female, and the male is called ↓ عُقْرُبَانٌ: (TA:) or, as some say, the male and the female are called only عَقْرَبٌ: (Msb, TA:) and of ↓ عُقْرُبَانٌ it is said by IB, on the authority of AHát, that it does not signify the male of عَقَارِب, but [as expl. below] “ a certain creeping thing, having long legs: ” (TA:) IJ says that you may drop the ا and ن, and say ↓ عُقْرُرَّان: (L, TA:) and an instance occurs of ↓ عَقْرَابٌ, as a coll. gen. n., in the following verse: أَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنَ العَقْرَابِ اَلشَّائِلَاتِ عُقَدَ الأَذْنَابِ [I seek protection by God from the scorpions raising the joints of the tails]: but the ا here is said to be inserted for the purpose of what is termed الإِشْبَاع: (MF, from the “ Mukhtasar el-Bayán: ”) and الشائلات is applied as an epithet to a sing. n. because this is used as a coll. gen. n.: (M voce سَبْسَبٌ:) the pl. of عَقْرَبٌ is عَقَارِبُ. (S, O.) b2: And [hence] العَقْرَبُ is the name of (assumed tropical:) A certain sign of the Zodiac, (T, S, O, K,) [i. e. Scorpio,] to which belong the Mansions of the Moon called الشَّوْلَةُ and القَلْبُ [and الإِكْلِيلُ] and الزُّبَانَيَانِ. (T, TA. [See these words, and see also شِيبَانُ, and مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ in art. نزل. It should also be observed that the Arabs extended the figure of this constellation (as they did that of Leo) far beyond the limits that we assign to it.]) b3: [Hence, likewise,] عَقْرَبٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) A thong, or strap, of a sandal, (O, K, TA,) in the form of the reptile of this name. (TA.) [See also عَقْرَبَة.]

b4: And (assumed tropical:) A thong, or strap, (O, K,) plaited, and having a buckle at its extremity, (O,) by which the crupper of a horse, or the like, is bound to the saddle. (O, K.) b5: And the pl. عَقَارِبُ signifies also (tropical:) Malicious and mischievous misrepresentations, calumnies, or slanders. (O, K, TA.) One says, إِنَّهُ لَتَدِبُّ عَقَارِبُهُ (tropical:) Verily his malicious and mischievous misrepresentations, &c., creep along: (TA:) or he traduces, or defames, people behind their backs, or otherwise. (O, K.) and the phrase دَبَّتْ عَقَارِبُهُ is sometimes used to signify (tropical:) His downy hair crept [along his cheeks]. (MF.) b6: And (tropical:) Reproaches for benefits conferred: so in the saying of En-Nábighah, عَلَىَّ لِعَمْرٍو نِعْمَةٌ بَعْدَ نِعْمَةٍ

لِوَالِدِهِ لَيْسَتْ بِذَاتِ عَقَارِبِ (tropical:) [I owe unto 'Amr favour after favour, for his father, not accompanied by reproaches for benefits conferred]. (TA.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) Hardships, severities, difficulties, troubles, or distresses. (K.) عَقَارِبُ الشِّتَآءِ means (assumed tropical:) The hardships, severities, &c., of winter: (TA:) or the intense cold thereof: (O, K:) and عَقْرَبُ الشِّتَآءِ, accord. to IB, the assault, and intense cold, of winter. (TA.) And عَيْشٌ ذُو عَقَارِبَ means (assumed tropical:) An uneasy life: or a life in which is evil and roughness. (TA.) b8: See also the next paragraph.

عَقْرَبَةٌ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) An iron thing like the كُلَّاب [or flesh-hook], which is suspended, or attached, to the horse's saddle. (O, K.) b3: And, of a sandal, (assumed tropical:) The knots of the [thong, or strap, called] شِرَاك [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: And, (O, K,) thus in all the copies of the K, and in the handwriting of Ibn-Mektoom, but in the L ↓ عَقْرَب, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) An intelligent female slave, who does much service, or work. (O, L, K, TA.) عَقْرَبَآءُ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence.

عُقْرُبَانٌ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence, in three places. b2: Also, [or it has this meaning only, as stated above, voce عَقْرَبٌ,] A certain creeping thing, having long legs, and the tail of which is not like that of the عَقْرَب [or scorpion]: (S, IB, O, TA:) or a small creeping thing that enters the ear; long, yellow, and having many legs: (TA:) i. q. دَخَّالُ الأُذُنِ [an appellation now applied to the earwig]; (Az, K;) and (K) so ↓ عُقْرُبَّانٌ. (O, K.) عُقْرُبَانَة: see مُعَقْرَبٌ.

عُقْرُبٌّ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence.

عُقْرُبَّانٌ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence: b2: and عُقْرُبَانٌ.

عَقْرَابٌ: see عَقْرَبٌ, first sentence.

مُعَقْرَبٌ [Twisted, wreathed, curled,] curved, or bent. (K.) A صُدْغ [or lock of hair hanging down upon the temple curled, or] curved, or having one part turned upon another. (S, O.) b2: And Strong and compact in make: (K:) or مُعَقْرَبُ الخَلْقِ, applied to a wild ass, compact and strong in make. (O.) b3: Also, and ↓ ذُو عُقْرُبَانَةٍ, One who aids, or assists, much, or well, (O, * K, * TA,) and resists attack: (K:) or an aider who resists attack with energy. (MF.) مَكَانٌ مُعَقْرِبٌ A place having in it scorpions (عَقَارِب). (S, O.) And أَرْضٌ مُعَقْرِبَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَعْقَرَةٌ, (S, O, * K,) the latter as though formed from عَقْرَبٌ after reducing it to three letters, (S,) A land in which are scorpions: (S, O, Msb:) or a land abounding with scorpions. (K.)