غيم

1 غَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. غَيْمٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ تغيّمت; and ↓ غَيَّمَت, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَغْيِيمٌ; (K;) and ↓ أَغَامَت (S, Msb, K) and أَغْيَمَت; (S, K;) all signify the same; (S;) The sky was, or became, clouded, or covered with clouds. (S, * Msb, K. *) A2: غَامَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. غَيْمٌ, (KL,) He was, or became, thirsty, (S, K, KL, * [like عَامَ,]) and affected with internal heat. (S, K) b2: And غام إِلَى المَآءِ, aor. as above, inf. n. غَيْمَةٌ and غَيَمَانٌ and مَغْيَمٌ, is mentioned by IAar [as signifying He thirsted for water, or the water: or he thirsted for it vehemently, accord. to an explanation of غَيْمَةٌ given below]. (TA.) 2 غَيَّمَ see 1. b2: [Hence,] غيّم اللَّيْلُ, (K,) inf. n. تَغْيِيمٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The night became like the غَيْم [or clouds]; (K;) became dark, and came like the clouds. (TA.) b3: And غيّم الطَّائِرُ (assumed tropical:) The bird fluttered over one's head, not going to a distance; on the authority of Th: mentioned by IAar as with غين and تاء [evidently mistranscriptions for عين and ثاء: see عَيَّثَ]. (TA.) 4 أَغَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ and أَغْيَمَت: see 1. b2: أَغْيَمَ القَوْمُ [The people, or party, had a clouded sky;] clouds came upon the people, or party. (S, K.) b3: and أَغْيَمَ He (a man, TA) became stationary (K, TA) like the clouds. (TA.) 5 تَغَيَّمَ see the first paragraph.

غَيْمٌ, originally an inf. n., from غَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ [q. v.], (Msb,) Clouds; (S, Msb, K, TA;) n. un. with ة: (Msb:) or [an expanse of clouds covering the sky,] when one sees not a sun (Kr, TA) by reason of much covering of the sky: (TA:) [and often meaning mist:] pl. غُيُومٌ and غِيَامٌ. (TA.) A2: Also Thirst: and internal heat. (AA, S, K.) [See also غَيْمَةٌ.] b2: And Anger, wrath, or rage, (K, TA,) which is from internal heat. (TA.) b3: And a certain disease in camels, like that called قُلَاب [q. v.], except that it does not kill: (K, TA:) it is said that the asterism of the Pleiades (الثُّرَيَّا, q. v.,) does not rise nor set aurorally without there being sickness, mostly in the camels, which are then affected with the disease thus called. (Az, TA.) A3: شَجَرٌ غَيْمٌ Dense, or tangled, trees: like غَيْنٌ [which is a dial. var. of غَيْمٌ in other senses]. (TA.) غَيْمَة Thirst; so says A 'Obeyd: or vehemence of thirst: thus in the trad. cited under عَيْمَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) [See also غَيْمٌ.]

غَيْمان Thirsty: and affected with internal heat: fem. غَيْمَى: (S, K:) the latter applied to a woman. (S.) يَوْمٌ غَيُوم [A cloudy day;] a day having غَيْم [or clouds, or clouds covering the sky]. (Th, TA.) مَغْيُومٌ A camel affected with the disease termed غَيْم: (Az, K, TA:) such scarcely ever, or never, dies. (Az, TA.)

هجر

1 هَجَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and هِجْرَانٌ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) He cut him off from friendly or loving, communion or intercourse; contr. of وَصَلَهُ: (S, Mgh:) he forsook, or abandoned, him; syn. قَطَعَهُ: (Msb, TA:) he cut him; meaning, he ceased to speak to him, or to associate with him; syn. صَرَمَهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) and قَطَعَ كَلَامَهُ. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur, [iv. 38,] وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى المَضَاجِعٍ, i. e., [And cut ye them off from loving intercourse] in the sleeping-places, in order to obtain their obedience. (Msb.) See also 3. b2: He left it; forsook it; relinquished it; abandoned it; deserted it; quitted it: abstained from it: neglected it: shunned or avoided it; was averse from it: syn. تَرَكَهُ; (A, Msb, K, TA;) and رَفَضَهُ; (Msb;) and فَارَقَهُ: (B:) and أَغْفَلَهُ: and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (TA:) namely, a thing to which it was necessary for him to pay frequent attention: (Lth, TA:) as also ↓ أَهْجَرَهُ; (K;) which latter is of the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) and هُجِرَ he, or it, was left; &c. (IKtt.) هِجْرَانٌ may be with the body and with the tongue and with the heart or mind: it is with the first in the passage of the Kur cited above: it may be with any of the three in the Kur, [lxxiii. 10,] where it is said, وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا [And avoid thou them, i. e., avoid the associating with them in person, or speaking to them, or entertaining friendship for them in thy heart, with an avoiding of a becoming kind]: and it is with all the three in the following ex. in the Kur, [lxxiv. 5,] وَالرِّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ [And idolatry avoid thou]. (B.) You say also, هَجَرَ الشِّرْكَ, inf. n. هَجْرٌ and هِجْرَانٌ, [He abstained from, or avoided, polytheism, or the associating of others with God,] هِجْرَةً حَسَنَةً [with a good manner of abstaining, or avoiding]. (Lh, K.) And it is said in a trad., وَلَا يَسْمَعُونَ القُرْآنَ إِلَّا هَجْرًا, meaning, [And they hear not the Kur-án save] with neglect of it, and aversion from it: the reading الّا هُجْرًا, mentioned by IKt, and his explanation of it, save with foul speech, are both said by El-Khattábee to be erroneous. (TA.) b3: هَجَرَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He (a man) went, removed, retired, or withdrew himself, to a distance, far away, or far off. (TA.) b4: هَجَرَ فِى الصَّوْمِ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. هِجْرَانٌ, (TA,) He abstained from sexual intercourse in fasting. (K.) A2: هَجَرَ, (Lth, Fr, S, A, K, &c.,) or هَجَرَ فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (Lth, Fr, S, &c.,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ, (Lth, S, A, Mgh, Msb,) with fet-h, (Mgh,) or هُجْرٌ, with damm, (K,) and هِجِّيرَى, (A, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Lth,) and إِهْجِيرَى, (K,) [or this and that which immediately precedes it are intensive inf. ns.,] He (a sick man, Lth, S, Msb, K, or one having the disease termed بِرْسَام, A'Obeyd, A, or having a fever, A'Obeyd, and one sleeping. Fr, K) talked nonsense; talked irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, (Lth, Fr, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and confusedly: (Msb:) or هِجِّيرَى signifies the talking much, and saying what is evil. (Sb.) In the Kur, [xxiii. 69,] instead of تَهْجُرُونَ, in the phrase سَامِرًا تَهْجُرُونَ, [Holding discourse by night, talking irrationally or foolishly,] I'Ab reads تُهْجِرُونَ from ↓ أَهْجَرَ, [q. v.,] from الهُجْرُ. (TA.) b2: See also 4. b3: هَجَرَ بِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He dreamed of him or it; or saw him or it in sleep: or he did so and talked foolishly or deliriously. (TA.) 2 هجّر, (Lth, A, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَهْجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He journeyed in the time called the هَاجِرَة; (Lth, S, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ تهجّر; (IAar, S, A, K;) and ↓ اهجر: (K:) or he went forth in that time: (Az, TA:) or he was (صَارَ) in that time: (Msb: [but in my copy of that work, صار is perhaps a mistake for سَارَ:]) or ↓ اهجر has this last signification; (Lth, TA;) or signifies he entered upon that time; like اظهر (A.) b2: It (the day) attained to the time called he هَاجِرَة. (S, TA.) 3 هاجرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ; (B;) and ↓ اهتجرهُ; (A;) He cut him off from friendly, or loving, communion or intercourse, being so cut off by him; or he cut him, or ceased to speak to him, being in like manner cut by him: and he forsook, or abandoned, him, being forsaken, or abandoned, by him: (A, * B:) this is the primary signification of the former. (B.) b2: هاجر, (T, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ (T, S, A, Msb) and هِجْرَةٌ, (A,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Mgh, Msb,) He (an inhabitant of the desert) went forth from his desert to the cities or towns: this is the primary acceptation, with the Arabs, of the verb [when intrans.]: also, he (any one) left his place of abode, emigrating to another people: (Az:) he departed, or went forth, from one land to another, (S, K,) or from one country, or district, or town, to another: (Msb:) and, as used in the Kur, ii. 215, [and in many other instances in the same and other books,] he went forth [or emigrated] from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers [or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution, &c.] (B.) See an ex. voce تَهَجَّرَ; and see هِجْرَةٌ.4 اهجرهُ: see هَجَرَهُ.

A2: اهجر فِى مَنْطِقِهِ, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) or simply اهجر, (A,) inf. n. إِهْجَارٌ (S, K) and هُجْرٌ, (Lh, Kr, K,) or the latter is, correctly speaking, a simple subst., (TA,) He spoke, or uttered, foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language: (S, A, Mgh, K:) or he did so much; beyond what he used to do before; as also ↓ هَجَرَ, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ: (L, TA:) and in like manner, he talked much of that which was not fit, suitable, meet, or proper. (S.) b2: اهجر بِهِ He mocked, or scoffed, or laughed at him, derided him, or ridiculed him, and said respecting him what was foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly. (Msb, K.) A3: See also 2, in two places.5 تهجّر He affected to be like the مُهَاجِرُون [or emigrants from the territory of the unbelievers to that of the believers]. (A'Obeyd, S, A, K.) Hence the trad., وَلَا تَهَجَّرُوا ↓ هَاجِرُوا, (A'Obeyd, S, A,) i. e., Perform ye the هِجْرَة with sincerity towards God, and affect not to be like those who do so without your being really such as do so: said by 'Omar. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: See also 2.6 تهاجروا [They cut one another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; or they cut, or ceased to speak to, one another: they forsook, or abandoned, one another: as also ↓ اهتجروا] (A.) You say also هُمَا يَتَهَاجَرَانِ, and ↓ يَهْتَجِرَانِ, i. e., يَتَقَاطِعَانِ [They two cut each other off &c.]: (K:) تَهَاجُرٌ is syn. with تَقَاطُعُ. (S.) 8 إِهْتَجَرَ see 3 and 6; the latter in two places. b2: [He journeyed in the time of the حَاجِرَة: see 8 in art. عشو.]

هَجْرٌ: see هُجْرٌ: A2: and see also هَاجِرَةٌ.

هُجْرٌ, a subst. from أَهْجَرَ; (S, Mgh;) or from its syn. هَجَرَ; (Msb;) Foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language, or talk; (As, Ks, T, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ هَجْرَآءُ; (Sgh, K;) and ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ; of which last the pl. is هَوَاجِرُ, incorrectly said by IJ to be an irreg. pl. of هُجْرٌ; or ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ may be an inf. n., like كَاذِبَةٌ &c. (IB.) You say, قَالَ هُجْرًا وَبُجْرًا, and ↓ هَجْرًا وَبَجْرًا, [He said] a foul [and a wonderful] thing: ↓ هَجْرٌ is an inf. n., and هُجْرٌ is a simple subst. (L, TA.) And ↓ رَمَاهُ بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ He assailed him with foul words: هاجرات being a word of the same class as لَابِنْ and تَامِرٌ. (A, Msb.) and ↓ رَمَاهُ بِهَاجِرَاتٍ, and ↓ بِمُهْجِرَاتٍ, (S, K,) or بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ, (A,) and بِالْمُهْجِرَاتِ, (A, Msb,) He accused him of evil things that exposed him to disgrace: (S, K:) or of foul, or evil, actions. (A, Msb.) And ↓ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْمَهَاجِرِ (in the CK بالمُهاجِرِ) He spoke foul, or evil, language. (L, K.) هِجِرٌّ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هُجْرَةٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرَةٌ, a subst. from هَجَرَهُ, (S, K,) as also ↓ هِجْرَانٌ, (Msb,) signifying The cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: (S:) cutting one; or ceasing to speak to him: (K:) forsaking, abandoning, deserting, or shunning or avoiding, one. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ [There shall be no cutting off from friendly communion after three nights with their days,]: the meaning is, هَجْرٌ as contr. of وَصْلٌ; i. e., such anger as exists between Muslims, or a failing, or falling short, with respect to the duties of society, exclusively of what relates to religion: but the هِجْرَة of those who follow their own natural desires [in matters of religion], and of innovators [in religion], should continue even as long as they do not repent, and return to the truth. (TA.) b2: [Also, A mode, or manner, of cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: &c. See 1, where an ex. occurs.] b3: Also, A removal from the desert to the towns or villages: this was its [primary] acceptation with the Arabs: and the forsaking of his country, or district, or the like, by an inhabitant of the desert, or by an inhabitant of a town, or village, or cultivated district, and taking up his abode in another country or district, or the like, an emigration; (TA;) the forsaking of one's home and removing to another place; (Mgh;) the forsaking of a country, or district, or the like, and removing to another; (Msb;) the going forth from one land to another; as also ↓ هُجْرَةٌ. (K:) [and an emigration from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers, or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution &c.: see 3, last signification:] a subst. from هَاجَرَ. (Msb, TA.) b4: [الهِجْرَةٌ, peculiarly, The emigration, or flight, (for it was really a flight,) of Mohammad, from Mekkeh to Yethrib, which latter was afterwards called El-Medeeneh. Hence, تَأْرِيخُ الهِجْرَةِ The era of the Hijreh, or Flight. The epoch of this era is not the date of the Flight itself, as some have imagined, (for this took place on an uncertain day, most probably the first or second, of the third lunar month of the Arabian year,) but is the first day of the Arabian year in which the Flight happened: and as I believe that all European writers who have attempted to fix it, prior to M. Caussin de Perceval, have erred respecting it, the true date, as shown by him, (see his “ Essai sur l'Histoire des Arabes,” &c., in the places referred to in the index to that work,) I think it important here to mention. The first year of the Flight was the two hundred and eleventh year of a period during which the Arabs made use of a defective luni-solar reckoning, making every third year to consist of thirteen lunar months; the others consisting of twelve such months. This mode of reckoning was abolished by Mohammad in the twelfth month of the tenth year of the Flight, at the time of the pilgrimage; whence it appears that the first year of the Flight commenced, most probably, on Monday, the nineteenth of April, A. D. 622; or perhaps on the eighteenth; for the actual appearance of the new moon properly marked its commencement, and, as the new moon happened about sunset on the sixteenth, it may perhaps have been seen on the eve of the eighteenth. According to M. Caussin de Perceval, the first ten years of the Flight commenced at the following periods.

1st.[Mon.]Apr. 19, 622 2nd.[Sat.]May 7, 623 3rd.[Th.]Apr. 26, 624 4th.[Mon.]Apr. 15, 625 5th.[Sat.]May. 3, 626 6th.[Th.]Apr. 23, 627 7th.[Tu.]Apr. 12, 628 8th.[Mon.]May. 1, 629 9th.[Fri.]Apr. 20, 630 10th.[Tu.]Apr. 9, 631 Thus it appears that the first and fourth and seventh years were of thirteen lunar months each; and the seventh was the last year that was thus augmented: therefore, with the eighth year commenced the reckoning by common lunar years; and from this point we may use the tables which have often been published for finding the periods of commencement of years of the Flight. We must not, however, rely upon the exact accuracy of these tables: for the commencement of the month was generally determined by actual observation of the new moon; not by calculation; and we often find that a year was commenced, according as the place of observation was low or high, or to the east or west of the place to which the calculation is adapted, or according as the sky was obscure or clear, a day later or earlier than that which is indicated in the tables; and in some cases, even two days later. The twelfth day of the third month of the first year of the Flight, the day of Mohammad's arrival at Kubà, was Monday: therefore the first day of the year was most probably the nineteenth of April, as two months of thirty days each, or twenty-nine days each, seldom occur together. But the tenth day of the first month of the sixty-first year, the day on which El-Hoseyn was slain at Kerbelà, was Friday: therefore the first day of that year, at that place, must have been Wednesday, the third of October, A. D. 680; not the first of October, as in most of the published tables above mentioned. (For the principal divisions of the Arabian year when the luni-solar reckoning was instituted, see زَمَنٌ)]. الهِجْرَتَانِ means [The two emigrations, or flights; namely,] the هِجْرَة to Abyssinia and the هِجْرَة to El-Medeeneh. (S, K.) And ذُو الهِجْرَتَيْنِ He (of the صَحَابَة [or Companions of Mohammad] TA) who emigrated, or who has emigrated, to Abyssinia and to El-Medeeneh. (K.) هَجْرَآءُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هِجْرَانٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرِيَّا: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَجِيرٌ Left; forsaken; relinquished; abandoned; deserted; quitted: abstained from: neglected: shunned or avoided. (TA.) A2: See also هَاجِرَةٌ, in three places.

هَجِيرَةٌ: see هَاجِرَةٌ.

هِجِّيرٌ Custom; manner; habit; wont: state; condition; case; syn. دَأْبٌ, (T, S, A, K,) and عَادَةٌ, (S, TA,) and دَيْدَنٌ, (TA,) and شَأْنٌ: (T, A, K:) and the speech, or language, of a man; [or what one is accustomed to say;] syn. كَلَامٌ: (T, TA:) as also ↓ هِجِّيرَى, (T, S, A, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَى, (S, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَآءُ, and ↓ أُهْجُورَةٌ, and ↓ هِجْرِيَّا, (K,) and إِجْرِيَّا, and إِجْرِيَّآءُ. (S.) You say, مَا زَالَ ذٰلِكَ هِجِّيرَهُ, (A, K, * TA [in the CK, هٰذَا هِجِّيرَتُهُ,]) and هِجِّيرَاهُ, (S, A, K,) and إِهْجِيرَاهُ, &c., (K,) That ceased not to be his custom, &c. (S, A, K. *) And ↓ مَا لَهُ هِجِّيرَى

غَيْرُهَا He has no custom, &c., other than it. (TA, from a trad.) هِجِّيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَاجِرٌ, act. part. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Talking nonsense; talking foolishly or deliriously. (S, TA.) See 1, last signification but one.

هَاجِرَةٌ: see هُجْرٌ, in four places.

A2: الهَاجِرَةُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرَةٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ هَجْرٌ, (S, K,) Midday when the heat is vehement: (S:) or midday in summer, or in the hot season: (Mgh, Msb:) or the period from a little before noon to a little after noon in summer, or in the hot season, only: (En-Nadr, ISk:) or from the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Aboo-Sa'eed:) or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر: because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses; as though they forsook one another (تَهَاجَرُوا): (K:) or the vehemence of the heat (K, TA) therein: (TA:) and الهُوَيْجِرَةُ [dim. of الهاجرة] the period a little after the هَاجِرَة: (EsSukkaree:) [pl. of the first, هَوَاجِرُ.] You say, طَبَخَتْهُ الهَوَاجِرُ [The vehement midday heats affected him with a hot, or burning, fever]. (A.) And ↓ صَلَاةُ الهَجِيرِ The prayer of noon; as also الهَجِيرُ, elliptically. (TA.) See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.

أُهْجُورَةٌ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهْجِيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهجِيرَآءُ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

أَتَيْنَا أَهْلَنَا مُهْجِرِينَ We came to our family in the time of the هَاجِرَة. (S.) b2: مُهْجِرَاتٌ and مَهَاجِرُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هَلْ مُهَجِّرٌ كَمَنْ قَالَ Is one who journeys in the هَاجِرَة like him who stays during the time of midday? (TA, from a trad.) مَهْجُورٌ Cut off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; forsaken, or abandoned: cut, or not spoken to. (Mgh, Msb.) In like manner مَهْجُورًا is used in the Kur, [xxv. 32,] signifying avoided, or forsaken, with the tongue, or with the heart or mind. (B.) [But see what here follows.]

A2: Talk, or language, uttered irrationally or foolishly or deliriously. It is related by Aboo-'Obeyd, on the authority of Ibráheem, that the words of the Kur, إِنَّ قَوْمِى اتَّخَذُوا هٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا, [xxv. 32,] mean, Verily my people have made this Kur-án a thing of which they have said what is not true: because the sick man, when he talks irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, says what is not true: and the like is related on the authority of Mujáhid. (S.) مُهَاجَرٌ A place to which one emigrates. (Msb.) مُهَاجِرٌ Any one, whether an inhabitant of the desert [as in the primary acceptation of the epithet] or an inhabitant of a town or village or cultivated district, who emigrates; or who forsakes his country or district or the like, and takes up his abode in another country or district or the like. Hence المُهَاجِرُونَ applied to The emigrants to El-Medeeneh: because they forsook their places of abode in which they were reared, for the sake of God, and attached themselves to an abode in which they had neither family nor property, when they emigrated to El-Medeeneh. (TA.)

جرح

1 جَرَحَهُ, (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K, Msb, &c.,) inf. n. جَرْحٌ, (S, Msb, &c.,) He wounded him; produced an effect, or made an impression, upon him with a weapon: (L:) he cut him: (A, MF:) or clave, or rent, some part of his body: (MF:) syn. كَلَمَهُ: (K:) and ↓ جرّحهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَجْرِيحٌ, (TA,) signifies the same (K) in an intensive sense, or as applying to several objects; (S;) or he wounded him much. (L.) b2: Also, (K,) or جَرَحَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (Msb,) [lit. He wounded him with his tongue; meaning] (tropical:) he reviled him, or vilified him; (A, K;) he imputed to him a vice, or fault, or the like; or spoke against him. (Msb.) And جَرَحُوهُ بِأَنْيَاب وَأَضْرَاسٍ [lit. They wounded him with dog-teeth and grinders; meaning] (tropical:) they reviled him, or vilified him, and imputed to him vices or the like. (A.) And hence, (Msb,) جَرَحَ الشِّاهِدَ (A, L, Msb, K) [and ↓ جرّحهُ, as in many of the law-books,] said of a judge, (A, L,) or other person, (I.,) (tropical:) He annulled the witness's claim to be legally credible, (L, K,) by happening to discover in him a falsehood &c.; (L;) he evinced in the witness something that caused his testimony to be rejected: (Msb:) he censured the witness, and rejected what he said. (L.) and جَرَحَ الرَّجُلَ (tropical:) He invalidated the man's testimony. (L.) And جَرَحَ الشَّهَادَةَ (tropical:) [He, or it, invalidated the testimony; or annulled its claim to be legally credible]. (A, TA.) b3: Also جَرَحَ, and ↓ اجترح, (tropical:) He gained, acquired, or earned; (S, Mgh, K, TA;) or applied himself with art and diligence to get, obtain, gain, acquire, or earn; (S, K, TA;) a thing: (TA:) he worked, or wrought, with his hand, and gained, acquired, or earned; &c.: (Msb:) from جِرَاحَةٌ. (Mgh.) You say, فُلَانٌ يَجْرَحُ لِعِيَالِهِ, and ↓ يَجْتَرِحُ, (tropical:) Such a one [works, and earns sustenance, or] gains, acquires, or earns, and collects, for his family, or household. (TA) And بِئْسَ مَا جَرَحَتْ يَدَاكَ, and ↓ اجْتَرَحَتْ, (tropical:) Very evil is that which thy hands have done, or wrought, or effected: a metaphor taken from the signification of “cutting,” or “wounding;” (A, TA;) accord. to El-Khafájee, a metaphorical meaning conventionally regarded as proper. (TA.) السَّيَّآتِ ↓ اجْتَرَحُوا, in the Kur [xlv. 20], means (tropical:) Have committed crimes, sins, or evil actions. (TA.) A2: جَرِحَ, aor. as above, He (a man, TA) received a wound. (K, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) He had his testimony rejected as not legally entitled to credit: (K, * TA:) and so his relation. (TA.) 2 جَرَّحَ see 1, in two places.8 إِجْتَرَحَ see 1, in four places.10 استجرح (tropical:) He deserved that his claim to be legally credible should be annulled. (A, TA.) And (tropical:) It (a tradition, or narrative, A, or a thing, Msb) deserved to be rejected [as unworthy of credit or regard]. (A, Msb.) اِسْتَجْرَحَتْ هٰذِهِ الأَحَادِيثُ means (tropical:) These traditions deserved to be rejected on account of their great number and the fewness of such as were true: (A:) or, by reason of their great number, obliged those who were acquainted with them to annul the claim of some one or other of their relaters to be credited, and to reject his relation: (L:) or were corrupt: (T, S, * TA:) [for] اِسْتِجْرَاحٌ signifies [also] the being faulty, defective, and corrupt. (S, K.) One says, قَدْ وَعَظْتُكُمْ فَلَمْ تَزْدَادُوا إِلَّا اسْتِجْرَاحًا: (S, A:) these words are from a خُطْبَة of ‘AbdEl-Melik; and the meaning is, [I have admonished you and ye have not increased save] in corrupt conduct: or in what gaineth for you censure. (TA.) جَرْحٌ: see the next paragraph.

جُرْحٌ a subst. from جَرَحَ; (S, L, K;) A wound; (L;) and so ↓ جَرْحٌ, in its original acceptation; but some of those skilled in the science of lexicology say that the former is employed to denote the effect produced upon bodies by iron instruments and the like; and the latter, that produced upon objects of the mind by the tongue: (MF:) the pl. of the former is جُرُوحٌ and أَجْرَاحٌ [which is a pl. of pauc.] (S, L, K) and جِرَاحٌ; (T, A, L;) but the second of these is of rare occurrence, (K,) only used in poetry: (S, L:) [respecting the third, see what follows:] ↓ جِرَاحَةٌ also signifies the same as جُرْحٌ; (Msb;) and its pl. is جِرَاحٌ (S, Msb, K) and جِرَاحَاتٌ (A, Msb) and جَرَائِحُ; (A;) or جِرَاحٌ is a coll. gen. n., of which جِرَاحَةٌ is the n. un.; or, accord. to Az, this last has not a sing. sense, as Lth asserts it to have, but is a pl. of جُرْحٌ, like as حِجَارَةٌ is of حَجَرٌ, and جِمَالَةٌ of جَمَلٌ, and حِبَالَةٌ of حَبْلٌ. (L.) جُرْحَةٌ (tropical:) A thing whereby testimony is invalidated, or its claim to be legally credible annulled: as in the saying, هَلْ لَكَ جُرْحَةٌ (tropical:) [Hast thou anything to adduce whereby to invalidate the testimony?]. (A, TA.) أَقْصَصْتُكَ الجُرْحَةَ فَإِنْ كَانَ عِنْدَكَ مَا تَجْرَحُ بِهِ الحُجَّةَ فَهَلُمَّهَا, said by the judge of El-Medeeneh to one of the parties in a lawsuit, when about to give judgment against him, means (tropical:) I authorize thee to adduce anything whereby to invalidate the testimony: [therefore, if thou have anything whereby thou mayest invalidate the allegation, adduce it.] (A, * TA.) جَرِيحٌ; pl. جَرْحَى; (S, A, Msb, K;) each of which is mase. and fem.; (S, K;) Wounded. (Msb.) The pl. is not formed by the addition of و and ن because the fem. is not formed by the addition of ة. (TA.) جِرَاحَةٌ: see جُرْحٌ.

جَرَائِحِىٌّ: see what next follows.

جَرَّاحٌ A surgeon that dresses wounds. (Golius on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof; and so in the present day; as also ↓ جَرَائِحِىٌّ.) جَارِحَةٌ sing. of جَوَارِحُ. (Mgh, L, Msb, TA.) b2: The latter signifies (tropical:) Beasts, and birds, of prey; or that catch game; (S, A, * Mgh, L, Msb, K:) thus the falcon is a جارحة, and so is the dog trained for hunting, because it gains for its owner: (L:) and this appellation is applied alike to the male and the female, like رَاحِلَةٌ and رَاوِيَةٌ. (Msb.) b3: And (tropical:) The members, or limbs, of a man, with which things are gained or earned; (S, K, TA;) or with which one works; (A;) as the hands or arms, and the feet or legs: (S, A, K, TA:) because they gain, or earn, or do, good and evil. (TA.) b4: [And (tropical:) The organs of the body: thus, for instance, جارحة is applied (in the Msb, art. بصر,) to the eye, which is termed (in the TA in that art.) the seeing جارحة (الجَارِحَةُ النَّاظِرَةُ).] b5: Also (assumed tropical:) Mares: [and the like:] because they bring gain to their owners by their breeding. (AA, T.) You say, مَا لَهُ جَارِحَةٌ (assumed tropical:) He possesses not a female beast that bears young: he possesses not that which makes gain. (TA.) And هٰذِهِ النَّاقَةُ مِنْ جَوَارِحِ المَالِ, and هذه الأَتَانُ, (K,) and هذه الفَرَسُ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) This she-camel, and this she-ass, and this mare, is young, unimpaired by age (مُقْبِلَةٌ [i. q. مُقْتَبَلَةٌ]) in the womb, (K, TA,) and in youthful vigour, and one of which the offspring is wished for. (TA.)

جزر

1 جَزَرَ, aor. ـِ and sometimes جَزُرَ, (K,) inf. n. جَزْرٌ, (Mgh, K,) He cut, or cut off, (Mgh, K,) a thing. (TA.) b2: جَزَرَ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) [inf. n. as above,] He slaughtered a camel (S, Mgh, Msb) or other animal, (Msb,) and skinned it; (S;) as also ↓ اجتزر. (S, TA.) You say also, جَزَرَ لَهُمْ, meaning He slaughtered for them a camel. (A.) And القَوْمَ جَزُورًا ↓ اجتزر He slaughtered and skinned for the people a camel. (TA.) b3: جَزَرَ النَّخْلَ, aor. ـِ (S, K) and جَزُرَ, (K,) inf. n. جَزْرٌ (S, K) and جَزَارٌ and جِزَارٌ, (Lh, K,) He cut off the fruit of the palm-trees: (Lh, S, K:) or, as some say, he spoiled the palm-trees in fecundating them. (TA.) b4: And جَزَرَ, (TA,) inf. n. جَزْرٌ, (K,) He gathered honey from the hive. (K, TA.) A2: جَزَرَ, aor. ـِ and جَزُرَ, inf. n. جَزْرٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) (tropical:) It (water) sank, and disappeared; became low; or became remote; (S, K;) decreased; went away; (TA;) flowed away, or retired, (A, Mgh, * Msb,) from the earth, or land: (A, Mgh:) it (the sea, and a river, Lth, ISd) ebbed; contr. of مَدَّ; (S, ISd, K; [but in this last sense, only جَزِرَ is authorized by the K, and app. by ISd also, as the aor. ـ) i. e., retreated, or went back; (S. Msb; *) as also ↓ انجزر; (ISd, TA;) or ceased to increase. (Lth, Mgh.) 4 اجزرهُ, (K,) or اجزر القَوْمَ, (ISk, S,) He gave to him, or to the people, a sheep or a goat, for him, or for them, to slaughter; (ISk, S, K;) meaning a ewe or a ram or a she-goat; (ISk, S;) or a sheep, or goat, fit for slaughter: (TA:) and أَجْزَرْتُهُ شَاةً I gave to him a ewe or a ram or a she-goat, and he slaughtered it: (ISk, TA:) and أَجْزَرْتُكَ بَعِيرًا, or شَاةً, I gave to thee a camel, or a sheep or goat, that thou mightest slaughter it: (A:) [but] accord. to ISk, one does not say أَجْزَرْتُهُمْ نَاقَةً, because a she-camel is fit for other purposes than that of slaughter: (S:) and accord. to some, one should not say اجزرهُ جَزُورًا, but اجزرهُ جَزَرَةً. (TA.) A2: اجزر He (a camel) attained to the fit time for his being slaughtered. (S, K.) b2: اجزر النَّخْلُ The palm-trees attained to the fit time for the cutting off of the fruit. (S, K.) b3: [And hence,] اجزر الشَيْخُ (tropical:) The old man attained to the fit time for his dying; (K, TA;) being aged, and near to his perishing; like as the palm-tree attains to the fit time for having its fruit cut off. (TA.) Youths used to say to an old man أَجْزَرْتَ يَا شَيْخُ, meaning, Thou hast attained to the fit time for thy dying, O old man: and he would say, أَىْ بَنِىَّ وَتُحْتَضَرُونَ, i. e., “[O my sons, and] ye shall die youths: ” but accord. to one way of relation, it is أَجْزَزْتَ; from أَجَزَّ البُرُّ “ the wheat attained to the proper time for being out. ” (S.) b4: اجزر القَوْمُ The people attained to the fit time for the cutting off of the fruit of the palm-trees. (Yz, TA.) 5 تَجَزَّرَ see 8.6 تَجَازَرَا (assumed tropical:) They reviled each other (K, TA) vehemently, or excessively. (TA.) 7 إِنْجَزَرَ see 1.8 اجتزر: see 1, in two places. b2: اجتزروا فِى

القِتَالِ and ↓ تجزّروا (K, TA) They fought one another [app. so that they cut one another in pieces]. (TA.) [In the K, this is immediately followed, as though for the purpose of explanation, by the words تَرَكُوهُمْ جَزَرًا لِلسِّبَاعِ أَىْ قِطَعًا: but there is evidently an omission in this place, at least of the conjunction وَ.] b3: And اجتزروا They had a camel slaughtered for them. (A.) جَزْرٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, K, &c.) A2: And also (assumed tropical:) The sea (K, TA) itself. (TA.) جَزَرٌ, (not ↓ جِزَرٌ, Fr, S, [but see what follows,]) [a coll. gen. n.,] Fat sheep or goats: (S, K, TA:) n. un. جَزَرَةٌ: (S, K:) or sheep, or goats, that are slaughtered; (M;) as also ↓ جَزُورٌ: (K:) n. un. as above: (M: in the K جَزْرَةٌ:) or جَزَرَةٌ signifies a sheep, or goat, fit for slaughter: or a sheep, or goat, to which the owners betake themselves and which they slaughter: and anything that is lawful to be slaughtered; n. un. of جَزَرٌ, which is sometimes [written ↓ جِزَرٌ,] with fet-h to the ز. (TA.) b2: جَزَرُ السِّبَاعِ The flesh which beasts or birds of prey eat. (S, Mgh.) One says, تَرَكُوهُمْ جَزَرًا (S, K) They slew them: (S:) or they left them cut in pieces لِلسِّبَاعِ [for the beasts or birds of prey]. (K.) And صَارُوا جَزَرًا لِلْعَدُوِّ [They became a prey to the enemy, cut in pieces]. (Mgh.) A2: See also جَزِيرَةٌ.

A3: Also, and ↓ جِزّرٌ, (Fr, S, Msb, K,) the latter with kesr to the ج, (Msb, K,) arabicized, (K,) from the Persian [گَزَرْ], (AHn,) [coll. gen. ns., meaning Carrots, or the carrot;] a certain root, (أَرُومَة,) which is eaten, (S, K,) well known: (TA:) n. un. with ة; (K;) or جَزَرَةٌ: (As, S, Msb:) the best kind is the red and sweet, which grows in winter: it is hot in the extreme of the second degree; moist in the first degree; (TA;) diuretic; (K, TA;) lenitive; emollient; (TA;) strengthening to the venereal faculty; emmenagogue: the putting of its pounded leaves upon festering ulcers is advantageous: (K, TA:) it is difficult of digestion; and engenders bad blood; but is made wholesome with vinegar and mustard. (TA.) b2: [See also حِنْزَابٌ, in art. حزب.]

جِزَرٌ: see جَزَرٌ, in three places.

جِزَارٌ The time of the cutting off of the fruit of palm-trees. (Yz, TA.) [See also 1.]

جَزُورٌ A camel [that is slaughtered, or to be slaughtered]; (K;) applied to the male and the female: (S, Msb:) or (as some say, Sgh, Msb) properly a she-camel that is slaughtered: (Sgh, Msb, K:) but the former is the correct assertion; (TA;) though the word is fem., (IAmb, S, Msb, TA,) on the authority of hearsay; (TA;) therefore you say, رَعَتِ الجَزُورء [the camel for slaughter pastured]: (IAmb, Msb:) or when used alone, it is fem., because what are slaughtered are mostly she-camels: (TA:) and when used as a common term, it implies the like of predominance [of the fem. gender]: (Háshiyeh of Esh-Shiháb, TA:) [the shares into which the جزور is divided in the game called المَيْسِر are described voce بَدْءٌ:] pl. جُزُرٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَزَائِرُ and جُزُرَاتٌ, (Msb, K,) the last of which is pl. of جُزُرٌ, like as طُرُقَاتٌ is of طُرُقٌ. (TA.) b2: See also جَزَرٌ.

جُزَارَةٌ, of a camel, The extremities; (S, A;) namely, (S,) the fore and kind legs, (اليَدَانِ وَالرِّجْلَانِ, S, K,) and the head, (S,) or neck: (A, K:) because the slaughterer receives them; (S;) they being his hire, (S, K,) or right, (A,) not being included among the shares in the game called المَيْسِر. (TA.) But when a horse is said to be عَبْلُ الجُزَارَةِ, (S,) or ضَخْمُ الجُزَارَةِ, (M,) what is meant is thickness of the fore and hind legs, and abundance of sinews; and the head is not included, because largeness of the head, in a horse, is a fault. (S, M.) جِزَارَةٌ The trade of him who slaughters camels (Mgh, Msb, K, * TA) and other animals. (Msb.) جَزِيرَةٌ (tropical:) An island; land in the sea [or in a river], from which the water has flowed away, so that it appears; (Az, Mgh;) and in like manner, land which a torrent does not overflow, but which it surrounds; (Az, TA;) land from which the tide retires; as also ↓ جَزَرٌ: (K:) so called because cut off from the main land: (S:) or because of the retiring of the water from it: (Msb:) pl. جَزَائِرُ: (S, Mgh:) [also, a peninsula:] and a piece of ground or land. (Kr, TA.) جَزَّارٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ جِزِّيرٌ (K) and ↓ جَازِرٌ (A) One who slaughters camels (A, Mgh, Msb, K) and other animals. (Msb.) جِزِّيرٌ: see what next precedes.

جَازِرٌ: see what next precedes.

مَجْزَرٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَجْزِرٌ, with kesr to the ز, (S, Ibn-Málik,) contr to rule, as the aor. of the verb is with damm, (Ibn-Málik, TA,) and sometimes ↓ مَجْزَرَةٌ [or مَجْزِرَةٌ], (Msb,) A place where camels are slaughtered, (S, Msb, K,) and other animals, (Msb,) namely, bulls and cows and sheep and goats, and where their flesh is sold: pl. مَجَازِرُ. (TA.) In a trad. of 'Omar, persons are enjoined to avoid مَجَازِر, (S, TA,) meaning as above; because of their uncleanness; (TA;) or because the witnessing of the slaughter of animals hardens the heart and dispels mercy: (IAth, TA:) or the meaning is, places of assembly; because a camel is slaughtered only where people are collected together: (S, TA:) the ↓ مَجْزَرَة is one of the places in which it is forbidden to perform the usual prayers. (Mgh.) مَجْزَرَةٌ or مَجْزِرَةٌ: see مَجْزَرٌ, in two places.

جوز

1 جَازَ المَوْضِعَ, (S, K,) or المَكَانَ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. جَوَازٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَوْزٌ and جُؤُوزٌ and مَجَازٌ, (K,) He went, or passed, in, or along, the place, and left it behind; (Mgh, K;) [whether this be meant for one signification or two, does not appear; but in either case it is evident that one signification is he passed through, or over, or along, and beyond, the place; and this signification is of frequent occurrence;] as also جاز بِهِ; (K;) and ↓ اجازهُ; (Mgh;) and ↓ جاوزهُ, (Mgh, K,) inf. n. جِوَازٌ; (K, TA; in the CK جَوَازٌ;) and ↓ تجاوزهُ; (Mgh;) lit., he traversed, or crossed, its جَوْز, i. e., middle, and passed through it: (Mgh:) or he went, or passed, in, or along, the place; (As, S, A, Msb, TA;) as also جاز بِهِ, and ↓ جاوزهُ, (TA,) and ↓ اجازهُ, (A,) and ↓ اجتازهُ: (S: [so it appears from its being said that اِجْتِيَازٌ is syn. with سُلُوكٌ:]) and in like manner, الطَّرِيَقَ the road: (TA:) الموضعَ ↓ جاوز and جازهُ signify the same: (TA:) or ↓ اجازهُ (As, S, Msb, K) and ↓ جاوزهُ and ↓ تجاوزهُ (A) signify he left it behind him, (As, S, A, K,) and traversed, or crossed, it; (As, S, A, Msb;) and ↓ جاوزهُ and بِهِ ↓ جاوز also signify he left it behind. (TA.) You say, جُزْتُ خِلَالَ الدِّيَارِ, which is like جُسْتُ [I passed amid, or among, the houses: (see the remarks on the letter ز:) or I went to and fro amid, or among, the houses, in a hostile attack upon them: or went round about them]. (Ibn-Umm-Kásim, TA.) and جُزْتُ بِكَذَا, i. e., بِهِ ↓ اِجْتَزْتُ [I passed by, and beyond, such a thing]. (TA.) And جاز عَلَيْهِ He passed by him, or it; syn. مَرَّ بِهِ, and اِمْتَرَّ بِهِ and عَلَيْهِ. (M and K in art. مر.) And جَازَهُ He passed, or crossed, over it. (L.) جاز and ↓ اجاز are syn. [in this last sense]. (TA.) You say, الصِّرَاطِ ↓ أَعَانَكَ اللّٰهُ عَلَى إِجَازَةِ (A, TA) May God aid thee [to pass, or cross, over, or] to pass along, and to leave behind thee, the Sirát. (TA.) and it is said in a trad. respecting the Sirát, فَأَكُونُ أَنَا عَلَيْهِ ↓ وَأُمَّتِى أَوَّلَ مَنْ يُجِيزُ [And I, with my people, shall be the first who will pass over it]: يجيز being here syn. with يَجُوزُ. (TA.) b2: جُزْتُ الشَّىْءَ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ: see 3. b3: ↓ جاز الدِّرْهَمُ فَتَجَوَّزَهُ [The piece of money passed, or was current, and he accepted it as current: in the TA written جاز الدرهم كتجوزه, and without any syll. signs; but that the reading which I have adopted is right appears from what immediately follows:] a poet says, وَزُيَّفُ [Pieces of money whereof there are current and bad]: and Lh mentions the saying, لَمْ أَرَ النَّفَقَةَ تَجُوزُ بِمَكَانٍ كَمَا تَجُوزُ بِمَكَّةَ [I have not seen money for expenses pass away in a place as it passes away in Mekkeh]: ISd says, He has not explained it, but I think that the meaning is تَنْفُقُ. (TA.) b4: جاز الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. جَوَازٌ, The thing was, or became, allowable; it passed for lawful: as though it kept the middle (جَوْز) of the road. (TA.) You say, جَازَ البَيْعُ, and النِّكَاحُ, (A, Mgh,) and العَقْدُ وَغَيْرُهُ, (Msb,) [The sale, and the marriage, and the contract, or other thing, was, or became, allowable; or] passed as right, sound, valid, or good [in law:] (Msb:) or had effect. (Mgh.) [And جاز لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا It was allowable to him to do so. And يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا It may be so; or such a thing may be.]

A2: جَازَهُ in the sense of اجازهُ: see 4, second sentence, in two places.2 جَوَّزَ see 4, in nine places.3 جاوزهُ and جاوز بِهِ, inf. n. جِوَازٌ: see 1, in six places. b2: جاوز الحَدَّ, and القَدْرَ, inf. n. مُجَاوَزَةٌ; and so ↓ تجاوز, alone; He exceeded, or transgressed, the proper bound, or limit, or measure; acted extravagantly, exorbitantly, or immoderately: he, or it, was, or became, excessive, extravagant, exorbitant, or immoderate. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) b3: جَاوَزْتُ الشَّىْءِ أِلَى غَيْرِهِ (S, Msb *) I passed from the thing [to another thing]; (Msb;) as also ↓ تَجَاوَزْتُهُ; (S, Msb;) i. q. ↓ جُزْتُهُ. (S.) b4: جاوز عَنْ ذَنْبِهِ: see 6. b5: [Hence, app.,] كَانَ مِنْ خُلُقِى الجِوَازُ It was of my disposition to be easy, or facile, in selling and demanding. (TA from a trad.) A2: جاوز بِهِ: see 4, in two places.4 اجاز and اجازهُ: see 1, in six places.

A2: اجازهُ He made him to go, or pass along; as also ↓ جَازَهُ: (TA:) he made him to pass through, or over, or along and beyond: (S, IF, Msb, K;) as also [بِهِ ↓ جاوز, as will be shown by an ex. below, and ↓ جوّزهُ, and ] ↓ جَازَهُ, for which we find جاوزهُ incorrectly substituted in the K. (TA.) A rájiz says,

خَلُّوا الطَّرِيقَ عَنْ أَبِى سَيَّارَهْ حَتَّى يُجِيزَ سَالِمًا حِمَارَهْ [Leave ye the road to Aboo-Seiyárah until he make his ass to pass through, or over, safely]. (S.) And it is said in the Kur [vii. 134, and x. 90], بِبَنِى إِسْرَائِيلَ البَحْرَ ↓ وَجَاوَزْنَا [And we made the Children of Israel to pass through the sea]. (TA.) You say also لَهُمْ إِبِلَهُمْ ↓ جَوَّزَ, inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, He led for them their camels one by one until they passed. (K.) b2: [He made it to pass, or be current; as also ↓ جوّزهُ: as in the following phrases.] أَجَزْتُ عَلَى اسْمِهِ i. q. جَعَلْتُهُ جَائِزًا [I made his name to pass, or be current, by stamping money with it]: (ISk, S, TA:) and ضَرَبْتُ [I coined, or minted, money in his name]. (ISd, TA.) And الضَّرَّابُ الدَّرَاهِمَ ↓ جوّز, inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, [The coiner, or minter,] made the dirhems, or pieces of money, to pass, or be current. (Mgh.) b3: He made it, or held it, to be allowable, or to pass for lawful; he allowed it, or permitted it; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ جوّزهُ: (S, TA:) syn. سَوَّغَ: (S, K:) and syn. of إِجَازَةٌ, [the inf. n. of the former verb,] إِذْنٌ. (K, TA: omitted in the CK.) You say, اجاز لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ, (S, K, *) and له ↓ جوّز, (S,) He made, or held, what he did to be allowable, &c. (S, K.) And العَقْلُ ↓ هٰذَا مِمَّا لَا يُجُوِّزُهُ [This is of the things which reason will not allow]. (A, TA.) b4: [He granted him the authority or degree of a licentiate in some one or more of the various departments of learning, for the instruction of others therein;] he granted him a license with respect to the matters that he had related and heard [from other learned men, to teach the same]. (TA.) You say also, اجاز لِفُلَانٍ جَمِيعَ مَسْمُوعَاتِهِ مِنْ مَشَائِخِهِ [He ters which he had heard from his sheykhs, to teach the same to others]. (TA.) The licentiate is termed ↓ مُجَازٌ: and the matters which he relates are termed ↓ مُجَازَاتٌ. (TA.) b5: اجاز البَيْعَ, (A, Mgh, K,) and النِّكَاحَ, (A, Mgh,) and العَقْدَ, (Msb,) He (the judge, A, Mgh) made the sale, (A, Mgh, K,) and the marriage, (A, Mgh,) and the contract, (Msb,) to have effect; he executed or performed it; (Mgh, Msb K;) لَهُ for him: (K:) he decreed it. (Mgh.) And [in like manner] اجاز رَأْيَهُ, and ↓ جوّزهُ, He made his judgment, or opinion, to have effect; he executed or performed it. (K.) Hence the saying, in a trad. of Aboo-Dharr, قَبْلَ أَنْ يُجَيزُوا عَلَىَّ, i. e., Before they slay me, and execute your order upon me. (TA.) A3: أَجَازَنِى (S, K *) (tropical:) He gave me water for, (S,) or he watered [for me], (K,) my land, or my beasts. (S, K.) And إِبِلَهُ ↓ جوّز, (K,) inf. n. تَجْوِيزٌ, (TA,) He watered his camels. (K.) And اجاز الوَفْدَ He gave to the party who came as envoys, or the like, the quantity of water sufficient to pass therewith from one watering-place to another. (TA.) and أَجَازَهُ مَآءً يَجُوزُ بِهِ الطَّرِيقَ (assumed tropical:) He gave him water wherewith to travel the road. (A.) And أَجِزْنِى

مَآءً Give thou me some water that I may go my way, and pass from thee. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) b2: Hence, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) اجازهُ بِجَائِزَةٍ, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) and اجازهُ بِجَائِزَةٍ سَنِيَّةٍ, (S, A,) (assumed tropical:) He (the Sultán) gave him a gift, or present, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) and he gave him a gift, or present, of high estimation. (S, A. *) Or the origin of the expression was this: Katan the son of 'Owf, of the tribe of Benoo-Hilál-Ibn-'Ámir-Ibn-Saasa'ah, gave the government of Fáris to 'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Abbás; and El-Ahnaf passing by him with his army on an expedition to Khurásán, he waited for them upon a bridge, and said, أَجِيزُوهُمْ [Make ye them to pass over]; and he began to mention the lineage of each man and to give him according to his rank: (S:) or from the fact that a certain commander, having a river between him and an opposing force, said, مَنْ جَازَ هٰذَا النَّهْرَ فَلَهُ كَذَا [Whoso passeth this river shall have such a thing]; and whenever one passed over, he received a جَائِزَة. (TA.) You say also, أَجَازَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He gave him. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., أَجِيزُوا الوَفْدَ بِنَحْوِ مَا كُنْتُ أُجِيزُهُمْ بِهِ Give ye to the party who come as envoys, or the like, a similar جَائِزَة to that which I used to give them. (TA.) 5 تجوّز اللَّيْلُ The darkness of the night cleared away. (A.) A2: تجوّز فِى صَلَاتِهِ He relaxed, or remitted, in his prayer; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) and so in other things; (A;) and abridged it; and was quick in it: said to be from الجَوْزُ “the act of traversing, and going, or passing along:” (TA:) or did less than was sufficient in it. (Msb.) b2: Hence, تجوّز فِى أَخْذِ الدَّرَاهِمِ, (A, Mgh,) or تجوّز الدَّرَاهِمَ, (K,) He accepted the dirhems, or pieces of money, as current; did not reject them: (A, Mgh:) see 1: or he accepted them as they were, or notwithstanding what was in them: (Lth, TA:) or he accepted them notwithstanding what was intermixed with them, (K, TA,) [of bad money,] concealed therein, and notwithstanding their fewness. (TA.) In the phrase التَّجَوُّزُ بِدُونِ الحَقِّ [The accepting less than what was due], the inf. n. is made trans. by means of بِ because it implies the meaning of الرِّضَا [which is made trans. by the same means]. (Mgh.) ↓ تَجَاوَزْ also occurs in the sense of تَجَوَّزْ in a trad. of Ibn-Rawáhah: هٰذَا لَكَ وَتَجَاوَزْ فِى

القَسْمِ This is thine, or for thee, and be thou remiss, or not extreme, in, or with respect to, the division: and is allowable, though we have not heard it. (Mgh.) You say also, تَجَوَّزَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَا لَمْ يَتَجَوَّزْ فِى غَيْرِهِ He bore patiently, or with silence and forgiveness, and with feigned neglect, or connivance, in this affair, or case, what he did not so bear in another. (K, * TA.) b3: See also 6, in three places.

A3: تجوّز فِى كَلَامِهِ He made use of a trope, or tropes, in his speech. (S, K.) [See مَجَازٌ, below.]6 تجاوزهُ: see 1, first sentence: and see also 3.

A2: تجاوز i. q. أَفْرَطَ, [i.e., جاوز الحَدَّ, explained above,] فِيهِ in it, or with respect to it. (K. See 3.) b2: تجاوز عَنْهُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb,) and ↓ تجوّز; (S, A, Mgh;) and تجاوزعَنْ ذَنْبِهِ, (A, K,) and ↓ تجوّز, and ↓ جاوز; (K;) He (God, S, A, or a man, Msb) passed him by, or over, without punishing him; or forgave him; (S, A, Mgh, Msb;) namely, an evil-doer; (A, Mgh, Msb;) and He passed by, or over, without punishing, or forgave, his sin or offence. (A, K. *) You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ تَجَاوَزْ عَنِّى, and عَنِّى ↓ تَجَوَّزْ, O God, pass me by, or over, without punishing me; or forgive me. (S, A.) تجاوز عَنْهُ, followed by a noun in the accus. case, also signifies He forgave him a thing. (L.) And the same alone, He feigned himself neglectful of it; he connived at it. (K.) b3: [Also, this last phrase alone, He transcended it.] b4: تَجَاوَزْ فِى القَسْمِ: see 5.8 اجتازهُ: and اجتاز بِهِ: see 1.10 استجازهُ He asked, or demanded, of him permission. (K, * TA.) b2: He asked, or demanded, of him [the authority or degree of a licentiate; i. e.,] a license with respect to the matters that he had related and heard [from other learned men, to teach the same]. (TA.) [See 4.]

A2: (tropical:) He asked, or demanded, of him (S, K) water for, (S,) or to water [for him], (K,) his land, or his beasts. (S, K.) A3: He approved it. (Har p. 326.) جَوْزٌ The middle (S, K) of a thing, (K,) or of anything; (S;) [as, for instance,] of a desert, (A,) and of a camel, (TA,) and of the night: (A, TA:) and the main part of a thing, (K,) or of the night: (TA:) pl. أَجْوَازٌ; (Sb, S, A;) beside which it has no other. (Sb.) A2: [The walnut; or walnuts;] a well-known fruit, (K,) which is eaten: (Msb:) a Persian word, (S,) arabicized; (S, Msb, K;) originally گَوْزْ: (Mgh, Msb, K:) n. un. جَوْزَةٌ: (S, TA:) pl. جَوْزَاتٌ: (S, K, TA: in the CK جَوْزَانٌ:) the tree thereof abounds in the land of the Arabs, in the province of El-Yemen, where it bears fruit and is cultivated; and in the Sarawát (السَّرَوَات) are trees thereof, which are not cultivated: the wood thereof is characterized by hardness and strength. (AHn. TA.) b2: جَوْزُ بَوَّي, (K,) or جَوْزُ بَوَّا, with the short alif, as heard from the physicians, in Persian گَوْزِ بُويَا, (Mgh, under the letter ب,) [vulgarly called جَوْزُ الطِّيبِ, The nutmeg;] a certain medicine; (K;) it is of the size of the gall-nut (عَفْص), easily broken, with a thin coat, (Mgh, TA,) having a pleasant odour, (Mgh,) or a pleasant and sharp odour; and the best kind is the red, with a black coat, and heavy: (TA:) it is good for the [affection of the face termed] لَقْوَة, strengthens the stomach and heart, and removes cold. (Mgh.) b3: جَوْزُ مَاثِلٍ [The datura stramonium, or thorn-apple;] also a certain medicine; (K;) having the property of producing torpor; resembling the جَوْزُ القَىْءِ (see what follows); having upon it small, thick thorns; and its seed is like that of the أُتْرُجّ [or citror.]. (TA.) b4: جَوْزُ القّىْءِ [Nux vomica;] also a certain medicine, (K,) having a power similar to that of the white خَرْبَق [or hellebore]. (TA.) b5: جَوْزُ الهِنْدِ [The cocoa-nut;] what is commonly called the نَارَجِيل. (TA.) جَوْزَةٌ: see جَائِزَةٌ, in four places.

A2: Also n. un. of جَوْزٌ [q. v.].

جِيزَةٌ: see جَائِزَةٌ.

الجَوْزَآءُ A certain constellation (نَجْمٌ); (S;) a certain sign of the Zodiac; (K;) [namely, Gemini;] said to cross the جَوْز (i. e. the middle, TA) of the sky; (S, TA;) for which reason it is [asserted to be] thus called. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. الجَبَّارُ [The constellation Orion]: (A and K in art. جبر:) it has three very bright stars disposed obliquely in the midst thereof, called by the Arabs النَّظْمُ, and نِطَاقُ الجَوْزَآءِ, and فَقَارُ الجَوْزَآءِ. (Har p. 456.) جَوَازٌ (assumed tropical:) The act of watering, or giving to drink: (S:) or a single watering of, or giving drink to, camels. (TA.) [See also جَائِزَةٌ.] A rájiz says, يَا صَاحِبَ الْمَآءِ فَدَتْكَ نَفْسِى

عَجِّلْ جَوَازِي وَأَقِلَّ حَبْسِى

[O master of the water (may my soul be thy ransom) hasten the watering of my camels, and make my detention little]. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) The water with which beasts are watered, or with which seed-produce is watered: (AA, S, K:) [and] water which is given one that he may travel with it the road. (A, Mgh.) [See also جَائِزَةٌ.] b3: Hence, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) The traveller's pass, (A, Mgh, K,) given him to prevent any one's offering opposition to him: (A, Mgh:) pl. أَجْوِزَةٌ. (A, TA.) A2: The office, or authority, of a guardian and affiancer. (TA.) جَائِزٌ [act. part. n. of جَازَ, in all its senses]. b2: Passing, or current, money. (Mgh.) See an ex. above, voce جَازَ. [And hence,] جَوَائِزُ الأَشْعَارِ, and الأَمْثَالِ, (K, TA,) for the former of which we find, in some copies of the K, الشِّعْرِ, which is incorrect, (TA,) Verses, or poems, and proverbs, current from country to country, or from town to town. (K, TA.) b3: Applied to a contract, [and a sale and a marriage, Allowable; passing for lawful;] passing as right, sound, valid, or good [in law]; having effect. (Msb.) A2: [The beam of a house, or chamber, upon which rest the عَوَارِض, or rafters;] that upon which are placed the extremities of the pieces of wood in the roof of a house or chamber; (AO, TA;) the palm-trunk, (S,) or piece of wood, which passes across between two walls, (K,) called in Persian تِيْر, (S, K,) which is the سَهْم of the house or chamber: (S:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْوِزَةٌ, (S, CK, TA,) in [some of] the copies of the K, incorrectly, أجْوُزٌ, (TA,) [and both these are given in the CK,] and [of mult.]

جُوزَانٌ (S, K) and جِيزَانٌ (CK, but omitted in my MS. copy of the K and in the TA,) and جَوَائِزُ. (Seer, K.) جَائِزَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A draught of water; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَوْزَةٌ: (K:) or ↓ the latter signifies a single watering, or giving of water to drink; (S, K; [see an ex. in art. اذن, conj. 2;]) or such as a man passes with from one person to another: and ↓ both signify the quantity of water with which the traveller passes from one watering-place to another; as also ↓ جِيزَةٌ. (TA.) It is said in a prov., ثُمَّ يُؤُذَّنُ ↓ لِكُلِّ جَابِهٍ جَوْزَةٌ, i. e., (assumed tropical:) For every one that comes to us for water is a single water-ing, or giving of water to drink; then he is repelled from the water: or, as in the M, then his ear is struck, to indicate to him that he has nothing more than that to receive from us. (TA.) b2: Hence, (A, Mgh,) accord. to Aboo-Bekr, (TA,) [but see 4,] (assumed tropical:) A gift, or present: (Aboo-Bekr, S, Mgh, K:) pl. جَوَائِزُ. (S, A, Mgh.) b3: Hence also, (Mgh,) (tropical:) Kindness and courtesy: (K:) or kindnesses and courtesy shown to those who come to one as envoys or the like: (Mgh:) or provisions for a day and a night given to a guest at his departure after entertainment for three days. (Mgh, TA.) It is said in a trad., الضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَجَائِزَتُهُ يَوْمٌ وَلَيْلَةٌ وَمَا زَادَ فَهُوَ صَدَقَةٌ, meaning, [The period of] the entertainment of a guest is three days, during the first of which the host shall take trouble to show him large kindness and courtesy, and on the second and third of which he shall offer him what he has at hand, not exceeding his usual custom; then he shall give him that wherewith to journey for the space of a day and a night; and what is after that shall be as an alms and an act of favour, which he may do if he please of neglect if he please. (TA.) مَجَازٌ A way, road, or path, (S, K, TA,) which one travels from one side [or end] to the other; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَجَازَةٌ. (TA.) You say, جَعَلَ فُلَانٌ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ مَجَازًا إِلَى حَاجَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one made that thing a way to the attainment of his want. (S, TA.) نَهْرٍ ↓ مَجَازَةُ signifies A bridge. (A.) And ↓ مَجَازَةٌ alone [also] signifies A road (طَرِيقَةٌ) in a سَبْخَة [or salt tract]. (K.) b2: A privy, or place where one performs ablution; syn. مُتَبَرَّزٌ. (TA.) A2: A trope; a word, or phrase, used in a sense different from that which it was originally applied to denote, by reason of some analogy, or connexion, between the two senses; as, for instance, أَسَدٌ, properly signifying “ a lion,” applied to “ a courageous man; ” (KT, &c.;) what passes beyond the meaning to which it is originally applied; (TA;) [being of the measure مَفْعَلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ;] contr. of حَقِيقَةٌ. (K.) [This is also called مَجَازٌ لُغَوِىٌّ, and مَجَازٌ لُغَةً; to distinguish it from what is termed مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, which is A word, or phrase, so little used in a particular proper sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as tropical; as, for instance, دَابَّةٌ in the sense of “ a man,” or “ a human being; ”

it being commonly applied to “ a beast,” and especially to “ a horse ” or “ a mule ” or “ an ass. ”] A حَقِيقَة, when little used, becomes what is termed مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا. (Mz, 24th نوع.) The مَجَاز is either what is termed اِسْتِعَارَةٌ [i. e. a metaphor] (as أَسَدٌ used as meaning “ a courageous man ”), or مَجَازٌ مُرْسَلٌ [a loose trope] (as يَدٌ used as meaning “ a benefit,” “ benefaction,” “ favour,” or “ boon ”). (KT, &c.) [مَجَازٌ also signifies A tropical meaning.]

مُجَازٌ: and مُجَازَاتٌ: see 4, in the middle of the paragraph.

مُجِيزٌ A commissioned agent of another; an executor appointed by a will; syn. وَكِيلٌ, and وَصِىّ; because he executes what he is ordered to do: so in the conventional language of the people of El-Koofeh: (Mgh:) or a slave who has received permission to traffic. (Mgh, K.) b2: The guardian and affiancer [of a woman]; syn. وَلِىٌّ. (K.) You say, هٰذِهِ امْرَأَةٌ لَيْسَ لَهَا مُجِيزٌ [This is a woman who has no guardian and affiancer]: and Shureyh is related to have said, إِذَا أَنْكَحَ الْمُجِيزَانِ فَالنِّكَاحُ لِلْأَوَّلِ [When the two guardians and affiancers give a woman in marriage, the marriage is the former's]. (TA.) b3: The manager of the affairs of an orphan. (K.) مَجَازَةٌ: see مَجَازٌ, in three places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَجَازَةٌ (S, A) A land containing trees of the جَوْز [or walnut]: (S:) or a land (in the K, مَكَان [a place], which is wrong, TA) abounding with جَوْز. (A, K.) مَجَازِىٌّ Tropical.]

مُجَتَازٌ Going, or passing along. (K.) b2: One who travels, or penetrates, along a road. (K.) b3: One who loves to hasten, or outstrip. (K, TA.)

جذم

1 جَذَمَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K, TA) and جَذُمَ also, (accord. to some copies of the K,) inf. n. جَذْمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He cut it off; (S, Msb, K;) and so ↓ جذّمهُ: (K:) or جذّم signifies he cut off many things; or cut off much, or frequently: and جَذْمٌ signifies also the cutting off quickly. (TA.) [It is like خَذَمَهُ.] Yousay, جَذَمَ يَدَهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. as above, (Msb,) He cut off, or amputated, his arm, or hand; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ اجِذمِها, (K,) inf. n. إِجْذَامٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] جَذَمَ فُلَانٌ حَبْلَ وِصَالِهِ (tropical:) Such a one severed the bond of his union; as also جَذَبَهُ. (TA.) A2: جَذِمَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. جَذَمٌ , He (a man) had his arm, or hand, cut off, or amputated; was maimed of it. (S, Msb.) You say, حَتَّى ↓ مَا الَّذِى أجْذَمَهُ جّذِمَ [What is it that has maimed him of his arm, or hand, so that he has become maimed of it?] (TA.) b2: And جَذِمِتِ اليَدُ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. جَذَمٌ, (Msb,) The arm, or hand, was cut off, or amputated. (Msb, K.) A3: جُذِمَ He (a man, S, Msb) was, or became, affected, or smitten, with the disease termed جُذَام. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) 2 جَذَّمَ see 1.4 أَجْذَمَ see 1, in two places.

A2: إِجْذَامٌ also signifies The being quick in pace, or going. (Lth, TA.) You say, اجذم فِى سَيْرِهِ, (S,) or اجذم السَّيْرَ, (K,) He (a camel, S) hastened, or was quick, in his pace, or going. (S, K.) And اجذم said of a horse, (Lh, K,) and the like, of such as run, (Lh, TA,) He ran vehemently. (Lh, K.) b2: اجذم عَنِ الشَّىْءِ He abstained, or desisted, from the thing. (S, * K.) b3: اجذم He decided, determined, or resolved, upon it. (K.) 5 تَجَذَّمَ see 7.7 انجذم It was, or became, cut off; (S, K;) as also ↓ تجذّم: (K:) [or the latter is said of a number of things; or implies muchness, or frequency:] the two verbs are syn. [respectively] with اِنْقَطَعَ and تَقَطَّعَ. (TA.) b2: [Hence] you say, انجذم عَنِ الرَّكْبِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, cut off from the company of riders upon camels. (TA.) And En-Nábighah says, صَدَّتْ سُلَيْمَى وَأَمْسَى حَبْلُهَا انْجَذَمَا [Suleymà has turned away, and the bond of her union with me has become severed]. (S.) جَذْمٌ: see the next paragraph.

A2: Also A cessation of the supply of corn or other provision. (TA.) A3: A rope cut off, or severed. (TA.) b2: A man whose extremities have fallen off in pieces, piece after piece, in consequence of the disease termed جُذَام. (TA; but in this last sense, the word is there written without any syll. signs.) جِذْمٌ The root, source, origin, or original, or the fundamental or essential or principal part, syn. أَصْل, (S, Msb, K,) of a thing, (S, Msb, TA,) whatever that thing be; (TA;) as also ↓ جَذْمٌ: (S, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْذَامٌ and [of mult.]

جُذُومٌ. (K.) b2: The family of a people; their kinsfolk: whence the saying, in a trad., لَمْ يَكْنْ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ إِلَّا لَهُ جِذْمٌ بِمَكَّةَ [There was not a man of Kureysh but he had kinsfolk in Mekkeh]. (TA.) [And app. The main stock from which tribes are derived: for,] accord. to some, it ranks before شَعْبٌ. (TA voce بَطْنٌ.) b3: The places [or place] of growth of the teeth. (TA.) A poet says, (S,) namely, El-Hárith Ibn-Waaleh, (TA,) اَلْآنَ لَمَّا ابْيَضَّ مَسْرُبَتِى

وَعَضِضْتُ مِنْ نَابِى عَلَى جِذْمِ (S, TA,) [Now, when the hair in the middle of my bosom, extending downwards to my navel, has become white, and I have bitten upon the place of growth of my canine tooth]: i. e., I have become old, and eaten upon the جذم of my ناب. (TA.) b4: The lower, or lowest, part, or the foundation, of a wall: (Mgh from a trad.:) or the remains thereof: or a portion thereof. (TA.) b5: See also جِذْمَةٌ.

جَذِمٌ Quick; swift. (K.) جَذْمَةٌ The place of the arm, or hand, where it is cut off, or amputated; as also ↓ جَذَمَةٌ. (K.) جُذْمَةٌ The defect, or deficiency, of him who has had his arm, or hand, amputated, or who has lost the end-joints of his fingers: so accord. to the copies of the K: but in the L, the defect, or deficiency [resulting] from the amputation of the arm or hand (مِنَ الإِجْذَامِ.) (TA.) A2: مَا سَمِعْتُ لَهُ جُذْمَةً, with damm, meaning [I heard him not utter] a word, is not of established authority. (ISd, TA.) جِذْمَةٌ A piece cut off (S, K) of a rope &c., (S,) or of a thing of which the extremity has been cut off, the lower, or principal, part remaining; (K;) as also ↓ جِذْمٌ. (TA.) b2: A whip: (S, K:) because it becomes cut by that which is beaten with it. (TA.) b3: The part of a whip of which the slender extremity has become much cut [by use], the lower, or principal, part remaining; pl. جِذَمٌ: (L, TA:) or the remaining part of a whip; its lower, or principal, portion. (As, TA.) b4: A thick piece of wood, having fire at the end of it or not; [i. e. a brand, or fire-brand;] like جِذْوَةٌ. (AO, S and TA in art. جذو.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A company of men [as though cut off from others]. (TA.) جَذَمَةٌ: see جَذْمَهٌ. b2: Also The uppermost pith of the palm-tree; which is the best; (K;) like جَذَبَةٌ. (TA.) b3: And Dates that come forth upon one base. (TA.) جُذَامٌ [Elephantiasis; a species of leprosy; the leprosy that pervaded Europe in the latter part of the Middle Ages;] a certain disease, (S, K,) arising from the spreading of the black bile throughout the whole person, so that it corrupts the temperament of the members, and the external condition thereof; and sometimes ending in the dissundering, or corrosion, (so accord. to different copies of the K, TA,) of the members, and their falling off, in consequence of ulceration; (K, TA;) so called because it dissunders the flesh, and causes it to fall off; (Msb;) or because the fingers, or toes, become cut off: (TA:) it is a cracking of the skin, and a dissundering, and gradual falling off, of the flesh. (Mgh.) نَوًىجَذُومٌ A tract towards which one journeys separating lovers or objects of love. (TA.) جَذِومٌ Cut off; amputated. (S, Msb, TA.) [See also أَجْذَمُ.]

جُذَامَةٌ What remains, of seed-produce, after the reaping. (S.) b2: [See also جُرَامَةٌ, in two places.]

جَامٌ [an epithet] of the measure فَعَّالٌ from الجَذْمُ meaning القَطْعُ: so in the phrase جَذَّامُ حَبْلِ الهَوَى [Wont to sever the bond of love], in a verse of Ows Ibn-Thaalabeh. (Ham p. 334.) أَجْذَمُ Having his arm, or hand, cut off, or amputated: (S, Msb, K:) or having lost the endjoints of his fingers: (K:) fem. جَذْمَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. جَذْمَى. (S.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ القُرْآنَ ثُمَّ نَسِيَهُ لَقِىBَ اللّٰهَ يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ وَهُوَ أَجْذَمُ, (A 'Obeyd, S, *) i. e., [He who learns the Kur-án and then forgets it shall meet God on the day of resurrection] having his arm, or hand, cut off: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) or having lost all his limbs, or members: (KT, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) having his plea cut off; having no tongue with which to speak, nor any plea in his hand: (IAth, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) having his means of access cut off: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) with his hand devoid of good and of recompense. (IAar, El-Khattábee, TA.) And in another trad., كُلُّ خُطْبَةٍ لَيْسَ فِيهَا شَهَادَةٌ كَالْيَدِ الجَذْمَآءِ [Every oration from the pulpit in which there is not an acknowledgment of the unity of God and of the mission of Mohammad is like the arm of which the hand is amputated]. (TA.) b2: الكّفُّ الجَذْمَآءُ [The amputated hand;] (assumed tropical:) a name of the star a of Cetus; (so in the Egyptian Almanacs;) [i. e.] the star that is in the head of Cetus: so called because it is less extended [from the Pleiades] than that called الكَفَّ الخَضِيبُ. (Kzw. [See الكَفُّ الخَضِيبُ in art.خضب.]) b3: نَعْلٌ جَذْمَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A sandal of which the [thong called] قِبَال [which is between two of the toes] is cut, or cut off, or severed. (TA.) A2: See also مَجْذُومٌ.

مُجَذَّمٌ: see مَجْذُومٌ.

A2: Also A man tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs. (TA.) رَجُلٌ مِجْذَامٌ and ↓ مِجْذَامَةٌ, [the latter of a very rare measure, (see مِعْزَابَةٌ,)] (assumed tropical:) A man who decides affairs. (K.) (tropical:) A man who, loving and being loved, when he is sensible of evil treatment quickly cuts the tie of affection: (A, TA:) or the latter, (tropical:) a man who quickly cuts the tie of love, or affection. (S, K, TA.) رَجُلٌ مِجْذَامُ الرَّكْضِ فِى الحَرْبِ (assumed tropical:) A man quick in running, or fleeing, in war. (TA.) And ↓ رَجُلٌ مِجْذَامَةٌ لِلْحَرْبِ, and لِلسَّيْرِ, and لِلْهَوَى, (assumed tropical:) A man who desists from, and relinquishes, war, and journeying, and love, or natural desire. (Lh, TA.) مَجْذُومٌ A man (S, Msb) affected, or smitten, with the disease termed جُذَام; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُجَذَّمٌ (K) and ↓ أَجْذَمُ, (Kr, K,) which J erroneously disallows: (K:) J says, one does not say أجْذَمُ: (TA:) [and Fei,] they say that أَجْذَمُ, of the measure of أَحْمَرُ, is not said in this sense. (Msb.) مِجْذَامَةٌ: see مِجْذَامٌ, in two places.

كتب

1 كَتَبَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. كَتْبٌ and كِتَابٌ and كِتَابَةٌ (S, K) and كِتْبَةٌ; (Msb;) the first of these inf. ns. agreeable with analogy; the second, anomalous; (TA;) or the latter of these two is a subst., like لِبَاسٌ; (Lh;) or originally an inf. n., and afterwards used in the senses given below; (MF;) as also كِتَابَةٌ, and كِتْبَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ كتّبهُ (K) and ↓ اكتتبهُ; (S, K;) He wrote it: (S, K:) or كَتَبَهُ has this signification; and ↓ اكتتبهُ, as also ↓ استكتبهُ, signifies he asked [one] to dictate it (إِسْتَمْلَاهُ): (K:) ↓ إِكْتَتَبَهَا in the Kur, xxv. 6, signifies he hath written them (S) for himself: (Bd:) or he hath asked [one] to write them for him, or to dictate them to him. (TA, Bd.) b2: كَتَبَ عَنْهُ [He wrote what he had heard, or learned from him.] A phrase of common occurrence in biographies. b3: كَتَبَ [He was a writer, or scribe, and a learned man. (Implied in the S, where we are referred to the Kur, lii. 41, and lxviii., 47, in illustration of كَاتِبٌ as signifying “ a learned man. ”)]

A2: كَتَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. كِتَابٌ, q. v., (assumed tropical:) He (God) prescribed, appointed, or ordained, (TA,) and made obligatory. (Msb.) كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ القِصَاصُ The law of retaliation is prescribed, appointed, or ordained, as a law of which the observance is incumbent on you. (Kur, ii. 173.] كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الصِّيَامُ Fasting is prescribed as incumbent on you. [Kur. ii. 179.] (TA.) b2: كَتَبَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا (tropical:) He judged, passed sentence, or decreed, against him that he should do such a thing. (A.) كتب القَاضِى بِالنَّفَقَةِ The judge gave sentence that the expenses should be paid. (Msb.) A3: كَتَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. كَتْبٌ, He drew together; brought together; conjoined. (S.) b2: Hence, كَتَبَ البَغْلَةَ, aor. ـُ and كَتِبَ, inf. n. كَتْبٌ, He conjoined the oræ of the mule's vulva by means of a ring or a thong; (S;) as also كَتَبَ عَلَيْهَا. (A.) كَتَبَ, aor. ـُ and كَتِبَ, (K,) inf. n. كَتْبٌ; and كَتَبَ عَلَيْهَا; (TA;) He closed the camel's vulva, (K,) and put a ring upon it: (TA:) or he put a ring of iron or the like upon it, (K,) conjoining the oræ, in order that she might not be covered. (TA.) b3: كَتَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. كَتْبٌ; (S;) and ↓ اكتتب; (K;) He sewed a قِرْبَة, (S,) or a سِقَآء, (K,) or a مَزَادَة, (TA,) with two thongs: (K:) or, accord. to some, he closed it at the mouth, by binding it round with a وِكَاء, so that nothing [of its contents] should drop from it; (TA;) [as also ↓ اكتب:] or كتب signifies he sewed a قربة; and ↓ اكتب, he bound it with a وكآء, i. e. bound it round the upper part. (Lh.) b4: كَتَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. كَتْبٌ; (S;) and ↓ اكتب (S, K) and ↓ اكتتب (TA) (tropical:) He bound a قِرْبَة with a وِكَاء; (S;) he bound it round the head, or upper part: (K:) or the first of these verbs signifies he sewed a قربة. (Lh.) See above. IAar says, I heard an Arab of the desert say, أَكْتَبْتُ فَمَ

↓ السِّقَاء فَلَمْ يَسْتَكْتِبْ I bound the mouth of the سقاء, but it did not become fast bound, or closed, because of its hardness and thickness. (TA.) A4: كَتَبَ النَّاقَةَ He used art to make the she-camel take a liking to that which was not her own young one, and put something as a ring through her nostrils, lest she should smell the بَوّ, (in some copies of the K, بَوْل; but this is a mistake; TA,) and not have a fondness for it. (TA.) A5: كَتَبَ (tropical:) He collected a كَتِيبَة. (TA.) See also 2.2 كَتَّبَ See 1 and 4 A2: كتّب النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. تَكْتِيبٌ, He tied the udder of the camel. (Az, S.) A3: كتّب الكَتَائِبَ, inf. n. تَكْتِيبٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ كَتَبَهَا; (TA;) (tropical:) He prepared the troops; (K;) he disposed the troops in order, troop by troop. (S.) 3 مُكَاتَبَةٌ and ↓ تَكَاتُبٌ are syn.: (S, K:) you say, كاتب صَدِيقَهُ He wrote to his friend: and ↓ تكاتبا They wrote, one to the other. (TA.) b2: كاتبهُ, inf. n. مُكَاتَبَةٌ (Az, K, Msb) and كِتَابٌ, (Az, Msb,) (tropical:) He (a slave) made a written [or other] contract with him (his master), that he (the former) should pay a certain sum as the price of himself, and on the payment thereof be free: (K, &c.:) also he (a master) made such a contract with him (his slave): (Az, Msb, &c.:) and ↓ تكاتبا They two made such a contract, one with the other. (Msb.) The slave in this case is called مُكَاتَبٌ (S, Msb) and also مُكَاتِبٌ; and so is the master; the act being mutual. (Msb.) [But the lawyers in the present day call the slave مُكَاتَبٌ only; and the master, مُكَاتِبٌ.] الكِتَابَةُ, signifying “ what is written, ” is tropically used by the professors of practical law as syn. with المُكَاتَبَةُ, because the contract above mentioned was generally written; and is so used by them when nothing is written. It was thus called in the age of el-Islám, accord. to Az. These two words are said by Z to be syn.; but it is thought that he may have written the former by mistake for الكِتَابُ, adding the ة by a slip of the pen. (Msb.) 4 اكتب He dictated. (S, K.) Ex. أَكْتِبْنِى

هٰذِهِ القَصِيدَةَ Dictate to me this ode. (S.) b2: اكتب and ↓ كتّب He taught the art of writing. (K.) A2: See also 1, in three places.5 تكتّب (tropical:) He girded himself, and drew together his garments upon him. (TA.) A2: تكتّب (tropical:) It (an army, S) collected itself together. (S, K.) 6 تَكَاْتَبَ see 3.8 إِكْتَتَبَ See 1. b2: كِتْبَةٌ [is a quasi-inf. n. of 8; syn. with إِكْتِتَابٌ; and is explained as signifying] The writing a book, transcribing it [from another book]: (إِكْتِتَابُكَ كِتَابًا تَنْسَخُهُ). (K.) b3: It also signifies, [as a quasi-inf. n. of 8,] The writing one's name in [the list of those who receive] stipend and maintenance (الكتتاب فى الفرض والرزق [اصحاب]). (TA.) b4: اكتتب He registered himself in the book of the Sultán's army-list, or stipendiaries. (S, K.) إِكْتَتَبْتُ فِى

غَزْوَةِ كَذَا I wrote down my name in the list of the soldiers of such an expedition. (TA, from a trad.) b5: اكتتب كِتَابًا He asked for a book (or the like) to be written for him. (TA.) See also 10.

A2: اكتتب (tropical:) His urine was suppressed. (TA.) b2: اكتتب بَطْنُهُ (tropical:) He was constipated, or costive; (TA;) his belly was constipated. (K.) 10 استكتبهُ شَيْئًا He asked him to write a thing for him. (S.) See also 1 and 8.

A2: With reference to a سِقَاء (or skin), see 1.

كُتْبَةٌ (tropical:) A thong with which one sews (K) a مَزَادَة or a قِرْبَة: pl. كُتَبٌ. (TA.) b2: That with which the vulva of a camel (or of a mule, TA,) is closed in order that she may not be covered: (K:) pl. كُتَبٌ. (TA.) b3: A seam or suture, (KL, PS,) in a skin or hide; (KL;) [app. made by sewing together two edges so that one laps over the other;] a خُرْزَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) whereof the thong conjoins the two faces [or sides]: (K:) or a خرزة that is joined together with a thong: (Lth:) or that whereof the thong conjoins each of the two faces [or sides]: (ISd, TA:) pl. كُتَبٌ. (S, Mgh.) كِتْبَةٌ: see 1 and 8. b2: [Also, agreeably with analogy, A mode, or manner, of writing.]

كُتُبِىٌّ, meaning A bookseller, is a vulgar term, like صُحُفِىٌّ: by rule it should be كِتَابِىٌّ.]

كِتَابٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: as a subst.,] A thing in which, or on which, one writes: [a book:] a written piece of paper or [a record, or register; and a written mandate;] of skin: (K:) a writing, or writ, or thing written; as also ↓ كَتِيبَةٌ: and both are applied also to the revelation from above: and to a letter, or epistle, which a person writes and sends: sometimes made fem., as meaning صَحِيفَةٌ: AA says, I heard an Arab of the desert, of El-Yemen, say, فُلَانٌ لَغُوبٌ جَآءَتْهُ كِتَابِى فَاحْتَقَرَهَا Such a one is stupid: my letter came to him, and he despised it: so I said, Dost thou say, جاءته كتابى? and he replied, Is it not a صحيفة? (Msb.) Pl. كُتُبٌ and كُتْبٌ. (S.) b3: A revealed scripture. (Msb.) [Whence أَهْلُ كِتَابٍ People having a revealed scripture: and أَهْلُ الكِتَابِ The people of the Bible. See also أَهْلٌ.] الكتاب signifies The تَوْراة, or Pentateuch, or Mosaic Law: (K:) and the Gospel, or Book of the Gospels: the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians: (Expositions of the Kur, passim:) and the Kur-án. (TA.) b4: See also 3.

A2: كِتَابٌ [inf. n., or subst.: see 1] Divine prescript, appointment, or ordinance: judgment, or sentence: fatal decree, or predestination. (S, K.) لَأَقْضِيَنَّ بَيْنَكُمَا بِكِتَابِ اللّٰهِ I will assuredly determine, or judge, between you two according to the judgment, or sentence, of God, which hath been revealed in his book. A trad., not relating to the Kur-án. (TA.) El-Jaadee says, يَا ابْنَةَ عَمِّى كِتَابُ اللّٰهِ أَخْرَجَنِى

عَنْكُمْ وَهَلْ أَمْنَفَنَّ اللّٰهَ مَا فَعَلَا [O daughter of my paternal uncle! the decree of God hath expelled me from you: and could I indeed forbid God to do what He hath done?] (S.) [Hence,] الكِتَابُ الأَوَّلُ [The first writing; meaning the register of God's decrees]. (M and K voce مَحْبَلٌ, q. v.) b2: A receptacle for ink. (K).

قِرْبَةٌ كَتِيبٌ A skin that is sewed (S) with two thongs: (TA:) and the same, and ↓ مُكْتَبٌ, (S,) and ↓ مُكْتَتَبٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) A skin bound with a وِكَاء; (S;) closed at the mouth, by its being bound with a وِكَاء, so that nothing [of its contents] may drop from it. (TA.) كِتَابَةٌ subst. from 1; signifying The art of writing. (IAar, Msb.) b2: See also 3.

كَتِيبَةٌ see كِتَابٌ.

A2: An army; a military force: (S, K:) or a collected portion thereof; (Msb;) [a body of troops; a corps:] or a troop: or a troop of horse making a hostile attack or incursion, in number from a hundred to a thousand: (K:) pl. كَتَائِبُ. (S.) كُتَّابٌ, see مَكْتَبٌ

A2: The same, (S, K,) as also كُثَّابٌ, q. v., but the former is the more approved: (S: the reverse, however, is said in the TA; and MF says that some authors altogether reject كتّاب, with ت, in the sense here following:) A kind of small, round-headed, arrow, with which boys learn to shoot. (S, K.) كَاتِبٌ [A writer; a scribe; a secretary]: pl. كَاتِبُونَ and كُتَّابٌ and كَتَبَةٌ. (S, K.) b2: A learned man (S, K) was so called by the Arabs, (IAar,) because, in general, he who knew the art of writing was possessed of science and knowledge; and writers among them were few. (TA.) مَكْتَبٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُتَّابٌ (Lth, S, &c.) A school; a place where the art of writing is taught: (S, K, &c.:) accord. to Mbr and F, the assigning this signification to the latter word is an error; it being a pl. of كَاتِبٌ, and signifying, accord. to Mbr, the boys of a school: in the A it is said, this word is said to signify the boys; not the place: but Esh-Shiháb says, in the Sharh esh-Shifa, that it occurs in this sense in the classical language, and is not to be regarded as a postclassical word: it is said to be originally a pl. of كَاتِبٌ, and to be fig. employed to signify a school. (TA.) Pl. of the former مَكَاتِبُ; (TA;) and of the latter كَتَاتِيبُ. (S.) مُكْتَبٌ: see كَتِيبٌ.

مُكْتِبٌ A teacher of the art of writing. (S.) بغلة مَكْتُوبَةٌ, and مَكْتُوبٌ عَلَيْهَا, A mule that has the oræ of her vulva conjoined by means of a ring or a thong. (A.) See also 1.

مُكَتَّبٌ A bunch of grapes and the like of which a part has been eaten. (K, TA.) مُكْتَتَبٌ: see كَتِيبٌ.

مُكْتَوْتِبٌ Swollen, and full. (K.)

كسر

1 كَسَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اكتسرهُ: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to إِقْتَطَعَهُ and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say مِنْهُ طَرَفًا ↓ اكتسرتُ [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and إِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) b2: كُسِرَ He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَكْسِرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, (A, K,) or الأَرْعَاظَ, (K,) or ↓ يُكَسِّرُ, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. رعظ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. رعظ, in which see further explanations.) b4: [كُسِرَ بَيْنَهُمْ رُمْحٌ lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] b5: كَسَرَ الكِتَابَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَبْوَابٍ وَفُصُولٍ (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) b6: كَسَرَ الشَّعْرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) b7: كَسَرْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) b8: كَسَرْتُ خَصْمِى (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) b9: [كَسَرَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. b10: (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] b11: كَسَرْتُ مِنْ سَوْرَتِهِ (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) b12: كَسَرَ حُمَيَّا الخَمْر بِالْمِزَاجِ (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) b13: كَسَرَ مِنْ بَرْدِ المَآءِ, and حَرِّهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) b14: اِكْسِرْ عَنَّا: see an ex. voce رُوبَةٌ. b15: [كَسَرَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] b16: كَسَرَ مَتَاعَهُ (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) b17: كَسَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) b18: يَكْسِرُ ذَنَبَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَشَالَهُ [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) b19: كَسَرَ الثَّوْبَ, and الجِلْدَ, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also كَسَرَ الوِسَادَ, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also كَاسِرٌ. b20: كَسَرَ جَفْنَهُ نَحْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. غمز.) You say also, رِيحٌ حَارَّةٌ تَكْسِرُ العَيْنَ حَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. خوص.) And كَسَرَ عَيْنَهُ, (A,) and كَسَرَ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (غَضَّ, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and كَسَرَ عَلَى

طَرْفِهِ, accord. to Th, he contracted (غَضَّ) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps عَلَى is here a mistake for عَلَىَّ, in which case we must read طَرْفَهُ, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ مُكَاسَرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ signifies المُغَاضَنَةُ [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. غضن.) b21: كَسَرَ الطَّائِرُ جَنَاحَيْهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (TA;) and كَسَرَ alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, كُسُورٌ [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for الحَدِيثُ in my original I read الحَدَثُ] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [ for فُعُولٌ is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure فَعَلَ, such as قَعَدَ, inf n. قُعُودٌ, and جَلَسَ, inf. n. جُلُوسٌ, and فَعْلٌ of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b22: [كَسَرَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.]

A2: See also 7.2 كسّرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] b2: فُلَانٌ يُكَسِّرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, or الأَرْعَاظَ: see 1. b3: [كسّرهُ also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] b4: كسّرهُ الكَرَى (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. هيض.] b5: [كسّر شَعَرَهُ, inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see رَطَّلَ.]

A2: كسّر المَآءُ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water made [the كُسُور, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) 3 كَاْسَرَ see 1.5 تكّسر, (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] b2: [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. حبك, &c. See حِبَاكٌ.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see تَغَضَّنَ. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce كِسْرٌ.] b3: [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. خشع.) [See 1.] b4: [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, فِيهِ تَخَنُّثٌ وَتَكَسُّرٌ (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, تكسّر فِى كَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce تَفَرَّكَ,) and also مَشْيِهِ [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7.7 انكسر, quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and اِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا. (Sb, TA. See 1.) b2: انكسرت السِّهَامُ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) b3: انكسر الشِّعْرُ (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) b4: [انكسر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] b5: انكسر خَصْمِى (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) b6: [انكسرت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and انكسر, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] b7: [انكسر, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] فَتْرَةٌ and اِنْكِسَارٌ and ضَعْفٌ are syn. (S, art. فتر.) b8: انكسر عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And انكسر [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) b9: انكسر نَظَرُ الطَّرْفِ (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. فَتَرَ. (IKtt, in TA, art. فتر.) And انكسر طَرْفُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. فتر.) b10: Also انكسر, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ كَسَرَ, (Fr. in TA, art. قط,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) b11: Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) b12: [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] يَطْوِى الثِّيَابَ أَوَّلَ طَيِّهَا حَتَّى تَنْكَسِرَ عَلَى طَبِّهِ [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce قَسَامِىٌّ.

[In one copy of the S, I find تَتَكَسَّرَ in the place of تَنْكَسِرَ, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) 8 إِكْتَسَرَ see 1, first sentence.

كَسْرٌ: see كِسْرٌ, throughout. b2: (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. كُسُورٌ. (A, Msb.) You say, ضَرَبَ الحُسَّابُ الكُسُورَ بَعْضَهَا فِى بَعْضٍ (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) b3: Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce غَرٌّ, in the CK غُرّ; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ مَكْسِرٌ: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce غَضْنٌ:) pl. of the former كُسُورٌ: (JK, S, voce غَرٌّ; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, مَكَاسِرُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce غَضْنٌ; &c.) b5: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

A2: [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ كَسْرَةٌ.]

كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (أَعْلَى) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْسَارٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

كُسُورٌ. (S, TA.) b2: كِسرُ قَبِيحٍ, (S, K,) and قَبِيحٍ ↓ كَسْرُ, (S,) The bone of the سَاعِد [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also قَبِيحٌ. And كسر حَسَنٍ signifies The upper part of that bone.] b3: Also كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ The side of a بَيْت [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the طَرِيقَتَانِ [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: (A, K:) or the part of that شقّه which is folded or creased (تَكَسَّرَ وَتَثَنَّى) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest شقّة of a بَيْت [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) b4: Also, (K,) or ↓ كَسْرٌ [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. أَكْسَارٌ and كُسُورٌ [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) b5: قِدْرٌ كِسْرٌ, and أَكْسَارٌ, (TA,) and إِنَآءٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (IAar,) and جَفْنَةٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term كسر applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) b6: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

كَسْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَسْرَةُ Defeat befell them. (Msb.) A2: See also كَسْرٌ.

كِسْرَةٌ (in some copies of the K كِسْرٌ, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. كِسَرٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Yousay, كِسْرَةٌ مِنْ الخُبْزِ A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also كُسَارٌ.

كِسْرَى and كَسْرَى, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like النَّجَاشِىُّ, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from خُسْرَوْ, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but خُسْرَوْ is itself arabicized from خُوشْ رُوْ, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that خسرو is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into كسرى because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with و; and the خ is changed into ك to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is أَكَاسِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and كَسَاسِرَةٌ and أَكَاسِرُ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be كِسْرَوْنَ, like عِيسَوْنَ (S, K) and مُوسَوْنَ. (S.) كِسْرِىٌّ: see كِسْرَوِىٌّ.

كِسْرَوِىٌّ and ↓ كِسْرِىٌّ Of, or relating to, كِسْرَى; rel. ns. from كِسْرَى: (S, Msb, K:) and كَسْرَوِىٌّ alone is the rel. n. from كَسْرَى. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say كَسْرَوِىٌّ; but it seems that what is not allowable is كَسْرِىٌّ.]

كُسَارٌ and كُسَارَةٌ [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (دُقَاق, ISk, S, and حُطَام, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the كُسَار of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) كُسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (جِرَفَة, TA,) and ravines, (شِعَاب, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say كَسْرُ الوَادِى nor كِسْرُ الوادى. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ كُسُورٍ (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) b3: See also كَسْرٌ and كِسْرٌ.

كَسِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَكْسُورٌ, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without ة: (TA:) pl. كَسْرَى, (S, K,) like as مَرْضَى is pl. of مَرِيضٌ, (S,) and كَسَارَى: (K:) [and مَكَاسِيرُ is pl. of مَكْسُورٌ:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. مَكَاسِيرُ because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) b2: ناقة كَسِيرٌ (S, K) i. q. مَكْسُورَةٌ [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase كَفٌّ خَضِيبٌ, (S, TA,) meaning مَخْضُوبَةٌ: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and شَاةٌ كَسِيرٌ a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: كسير being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) and كَسِيرَةٌ also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like نَطِيحَةٌ: (Msb:) كَسِيرٌ, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) كَاسِرٌ [Breaking]; fem. with ة: pl. masc. and fem. كُسَّرٌ; and pl. fem. كَوَاسِرُ also (K.) b2: (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, لا يَزَالُ أَحَدُهُمْ كَاسِرًا وِسَادَهُ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ مُغْزِيَةٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) b3: (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b4: الكَاسِرُ ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) الإِكْسِيرُ i. q. الكِيمِيَآءُ q. v. (Sgh, K.) جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in رِجَالٌ, pl. of رَجُلٌ, or understood, as in فُلْكٌ, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of قُفْلٌ, and that in the pl. is like that of أسْدٌ. (Ibn-'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp.329 and 330.) b2: Also تَكْسِيرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: دَوْرٌ [or circumference] and قُطْرٌ [or diameter] and تَكْسِيرٌ [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the قطر by the half of the دور: and it is sometimes called مِسَاحَةٌ. You say, مَا تَكْسِيرُ دَائِرَةٍ

قُطْرُهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَدَوْرُهَا اثْنَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ وَنِصْفٌ [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.]

مَكْسِرٌ A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, عُودٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and عُودٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) b2: Hence, رَجُلٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, هُمْ صِلَابُ المَكَاسِرِ. (A.) And فُلَانٌ هَشُّ المَكْسِرِ, (TA,) and ↓ المُكَسَّرِ, (TA in art. هش, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and رَدِىْءُ المَكْسِرِ [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] مَكْسِرٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K.) b3: Also مَكْسِرٌ The lowest part (أَصْلٌ K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) b4: [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce فَرْعٌ.) b5: See also كَسْرٌ.

مَكْسُورٌ: see كَسِيرٌ. b2: سَوْطٌ مَكْسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) مُكَسَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: See also مَكْسِرٌ, with which it is made synonymous. b3: (tropical:) A valley whose كُسُور (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is مُكْسَرٌ. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُكَاسِرِى, (S,) or جَارِى مُكَاسِرِى, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the كِسْر (q. v.) of his tent is next the كِسْر of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) مُنْكَسِرٌ has for its pl. مَكَاسِيرُ, which is extr.; like مَسَاحِيقُ, pl. of مُنْسَحِقٌ. (TA in art. سحق.) رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْكَسِرًا (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.)

كرس

2 كرّسهُ, (TA,) inf. n. تَكْرِيسٌ, (K, TA,) He put it, or placed it, namely, anything, one part upon another. (TA.) b2: He put it together, one part to another. (TA.) b3: He founded it, namely, a building. (K, TA.) 4 اكرست الدَّارُ The house had in it compacted dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats: S, A, * TA:) and in like manner you say of a place: (TA:) and اكرست الدّابَّةُ The beast of carriage had upon it, (K, TA,) i. e., upon its tail, (TA,) compacted dung and urine. (K, TA.) See كِرْسٌ.5 تكرّس It (anything) became put, or placed, one part upon another. (TA.) b2: It became compacted and cohering; (A, * TA;) as also ↓ تكارس. (TA.) b3: It (the foundation of a building) became hard and strong. (TA.) A2: He collected together fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) 6 تَكَاْرَسَ see 5.

كِرْسٌ Compacted, or caked, or a cake of, dung and urine of camels and of sheep or goats, (S, * A, * K, * TA,) in a house, and upon the traces of men's abode: (TA:) and also, compacted clay or mud: (TA:) pl. أَكْرَاسٌ. (A, TA.) [Hence,] كِرْسُ الحَوْضِ The place in which the camels stand at the watering-trough or tank, and which in consequence becomes compacted [by the mixture of their dung and urine with the soil]. (TA.) b2: كِرْسُ بِنَآءٍ [The foundation, or lowest part of a building: see 2]. (TA.) A2: One of the أَكْرَاس [meaning series or strings of beads] of [the necklaces and similar ornaments called] قَلَائِد and وُشُح and the like: you say, قِلَادَةٌ ذَاتُ كِرْسَيْنِ [a necklace of two such series], and ذَاتُ أَكْرَاسٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ [of three such series], when you join one part to another [in several places, by larger beads: see قِلَادَةٌ مُكْرَسَةٌ, below]. (Lth, K. *) كَرِسٌ: see مُكْرِسٌ.

كُرْسِىٌّ and (sometimes, S, Msb) كِرْسِىٌّ (S, Msb, K) A throne; syn. سَرِيرٌ: (K:) a chair: (TK:) a seat not larger than is sufficient for one person: (Bd, ii. 256:) [and a stool:] pl. كَرَاسِىٌّ (S, Msb, K) and sometimes كَرَاسٍ, agreeably with a rule mentioned by ISk. (Msb.) It is the place [or seat] of the king, and of the learned man: and hence, as used in the Kur ii. 256, it is explained as signifying (tropical:) Dominion: (A:) and (tropical:) the power of God, whereby He holds the heavens and the earth: (TA:) and (tropical:) knowledge: (A, K:) which last explanation is ascribed to I'Ab: but the truth is, that I'Ab explained it as there signifying the [foot-stool of God; or] place of the feet: but as to the عَرْش [of God], this is immeasurable: (Az, TA:) or it signifies the sphere of the stars. (TA, art. عرش.) [Hence, also, you say,] هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الكُرْسِىِّ (tropical:) He is of the people of science. (TK.) [And hence,] الكَرَاسِىُّ is also used [elliptically] to signify (tropical:) The learned men; accord. to Ktr. (A.) b2: Also, A prop, or support, for a wall. (TA.) b3: [ذَاتُ الكُرْسِىِّ The Constellation Cassiopeia: see خَضِيبٌ.]

كِرْيَاسٌ A privy on the top of the roof of a house, (S, A, * Msb, K,) with a conduit from the ground, (K,) or, as in some lexicons, to the ground: one that is below is not so called: (TA:) or the privy of an upper chamber: (MF:) of the measure فِعْيَالٌ, (Az, Msb, K,) from كِرْسٌ, meaning, “ compacted dung and urine of camels, or of sheep or goats: ” (Az, * A, * K, TA:) so called because of the filth that adheres to it, and becomes compacted: (Az, TA:) incorrectly said by some to be also written كِرْبَاسٌ, with the single-pointed letter [ب]: the pl. is كَرَايِيسُ. (TA.) كُرَّاسٌ: see what next follows.

كُرَّاسَةٌ [A quire, or parcel, of paper, generally consisting of five sheets, forming ten leaves, of a book; also vulgarly called كَرَّاسَةٌ and كَرَّاسٌ;] one of what are termed ↓ كُرَّاسٌ and كَرَارِيسُ; [كُرَّاسٌ being a coll. gen. n. and كَرَارِيسُ a pl.;] (S, A, K;) a portion of a صَحِيفَة [i. e. book or volume]: (A, K:) so called because compacted: (TA:) or from تَكَرَّسَ signifying “ he collected together ” fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) You say, فِى هٰذِهِ الكُرَّاسَةِ عَشْرُ وَرَقَاتٍ [In this quire of a book are ten leaves]. (A.) And هٰذَا الكِتَابُ عِدَّةُ كَرَارِيسَ [This book is composed of a number of quires]. (A.) And قَرَأْتُ كُرَّاسَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ سِيبَوَيْهِ [I read a quire of the Book of Seebaweyh]. (A.) And التَّاجِرُ مَجْدُهُ فِى كِيسِهِ وَالعَالِمُ مَجْدُهُ فِى كَرَارِيسِهِ [The merchant's glory is in his purse, and the learned man's glory is in his quires of books]. (A.) مُكْرَسٌ: see مُكْرِسٌ. b2: قِلَادَةٌ مُكْرَسَةٌ and ↓ مُكَرَّسَةٌ A necklace in which the pearls or other beads are strung upon two strings, and these are joined together by divisions of large beads: so in the TS and K, excepting that in the latter, فِى خَيْطٍ is erroneously put for فِى خَيْطَيْنِ. (TA.) [See كِرْسٌ, last signification.] And [in like manner], ↓ نَظْمٌ مُكَرَّسٌ and مُتَكَرِّسٌ A string of beads one above another. (TA.) رَسْمٌ مُكْرِسٌ (S) (in the L and TA مُكْرَسٌ, but the former, being agreeable with the verb, (see 4,) is probably the right reading,] Traces of men's abode in which is a compacted mixture of dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats. (S, L, * TA. * [And accord. to the second and third of these authorities, ↓ كَرِسٌ seems to signify the same.]) مُكَرَّسٌ: see مُكْرَسٌ: the former, in two places.

مُتَكَرِّسٌ: see مُكْرَسٌ: the former, in two places.

خثر

1 خَثَرَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb;) and خَثُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K,) a rare dial. var.; (Fr, S;) and خَثِرَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) a form heard by Ks; (S;) inf. n. (of the first, TA) خَثْرٌ and خُثُورٌ and خَثَرَانٌ, (K, TA,) which last is irregular, because this word does not imply motion, (TA,) [but this assertion requires consideration,] and (of the second [accord. to rule], TA, or of the first, Msb, [or used as inf. n. of the first because it is the most common form,]) خُثُورَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of the second accord. to rule] خَثَارَةٌ (K) and of the third خَثَرٌ; (Msb, TA;) [and probably ↓ تخثّر, (mentioned by Freytag, though without any indication of his authority,) as quasi-pass. of خَثَّرَهُ; but I have more than once found it erroneously written for تختّر, which has a different signification;] it (milk, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, and honey, and the like, TA, and a liniment or the like, A, or some other thing, Msb) was, or became, thick, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and strong. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] خَثَرَتْ نَفْسُهُ, (S, K,) or خَثِرَتْ, (A,) or خَثُرَتٌ, (Mgh,) inf. n. خُثُورٌ and خَثَارَةٌ, but not, as some write it, خُثَارَةٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) His soul [or stomach] heaved, became agitated by a tendency to vomit, or became heavy; (A, Mgh, K, TA;) as also خَثَرَ alone; (IAar, TA;) became disordered; syn. اِخْتَلَطَتْ. (S, K.) b3: And خَثَرَ; (S;) or خَثِرَ, aor. ـَ (K;) or ـِ فِى الحَىِّ; (A;) (tropical:) He remained among the tribe, (S, A, K,) not going forth with people to procure wheat or corn or other provisions, (S, K,) by reason of shame, or of heaviness of the soul [or stomach]. (TA.) b4: And خَثِرَ (assumed tropical:) He felt, or had a sense of, or he was, or became, moved or affected with, shame, shyness, bashfulness, or honest shame. (K.) 2 خَثَّرَ see 4.4 اخثرهُ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ خثّرهُ, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَخْثِيرٌ; (TA;) He thickened it; made it thick, (Msb, A, K,) and strong; (Msb;) namely, milk, (A, Msb, K,) and honey, and the like, (TA,) and a liniment or the like, (A,) or some other thing. (Msb.) b2: And the former signifies also He left it in a thick state; namely, fresh butter; (As, S, K;) not melting it. (As, S.) It is said in a prov., مَا يَدْرِى أَيُخْثِرُ أَمْ يُذِيبُ [He knows not whether to leave in a thick state or to melt]: (S K; in one copy of the former of which, the fem. forms of the verbs are used:) applied to him who is confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, and who wavers, or vacillates: its origin being this: a woman melts fresh butter, and what is thick thereof becomes mixed with what is thin, and she is vexed and wearied by her case, and knows not whether to raise the fire with fuel, in order that it may become clear; fearing that, if she do so, it will burn: thus she is perplexed. (K.) 5 تَخَثَّرَ see 1.

خَثْرَى الأَنْفُسِ and خَثْرَآءُ الانفس: see خَاثِرٌ.

خُثَارٌ What remains upon a table of food. (S.) خُثَارَةٌ What remains (S, K) of a thing, (S,) or of milk: (K:) the dregs; lees; or thick, or turbid, portion that sinks to the bottom of a thing, beneath the clear portion. (TA in art. ثفل.) You say, ذَهَبَ صَفْوُهُ وَ بَقِيَتْ خُثَارَتُهُ [The clear part of it went away, and the thick part of it remained]. (A.) خَاثِرٌ, applied to milk, (Mgh, Msb,) and to a liniment or the like, (A,) &c., (Msb,) Thick, or thickening, (A, Mgh, Msb,) and strong. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] خَاثِرُ النَّفْسِ (tropical:) Having the soul [or stomach] in a heaving state, agitated by a tendency to vomit, or heavy: (TA:) or not in a good state: (A, Mgh:) and languid: (A:) and ↓ قَوْمٌ خَثْرَآءُ الأَنْفُسِ (S, K) and الأَنْفُسِ ↓ خَثْرَى (K) a party disordered [in souls or stomachs]. (S, K.) and خَاثِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman feeling a little pain (K) and languor; as also ↓ مُخْثِّرَةٌ [or, more probably مُخْثَّرَةٌ]. (TA.) خَاثِرَةٌ [fem. of خَاثِرٌ, q. v.

A2: And also, as a subst.,] (tropical:) A party of men: (K, TA:) or (tropical:) a dense body of men. (A, TA.) مُخَثَّرَةٌ: see خَاثِرٌ.