خلف

1 خَلَفَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلْفٌ, He came after, followed, succeeded, or remained after, another, or another that had perished or died. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 168 and xix. 60], فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ (TA) And there hath succeeded them, or come after them, [a posterity, or] an evil posterity. (Bd in xix. 60.) And خَلَفَهُ He came after him, (S, A in art. دبر, Mgh, Msb, TA,) or behind him, (A ubi suprà, Mgh,) or following him nearly; (A ubi suprà;) inf. n. as above, (Mgh, TA,) and خِلْفَةٌ also: (Mgh:) or he remained after him: (K:) and ↓ جَآءَ خِلَافَهُ likewise signifies [the same as جآء خَلْفَهُ; an inf. n. of خَالَفَ being thus used as an adv. n.; i. e.] he came after him. (TA.) You say also, خَلَفَ اللَّيْلُ النَّهَارَ, inf. n. خَلْفٌ and خِلْفَةٌ, The night followed, or came after, the day. (MA.) b2: [Hence,] خَلَفْتُهُ, [aor. as above,] inf. n. خَلْفٌ, [perhaps a mistranscription for خَلَفَ,] I was, after him, a substitute for him: (TA:) [I supplied his place: and I superseded him.] And خَلَفَهُ, (aor. as above, TA,) inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) and خَلَفٌ (TA) and خِلِّيقَى, (S, * K, * TA,) which last is an inf. n. of the intensive kind, (Sgh, MF, TA,) He was, or became, his خَلِيفَة [i. e. successor, or vice-agent, &c.], (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or his substitute; (TA;) فِى قَوْمِهِ [among, or in respect of, his people], (S, TA,) and أَهْلِهِ [his family]; relating to good and to evil; wherefore one says, أَوْصَى لَهُ بِالخِلَافَةِ [he charged him by his will with the being his successor, or vice-agent, &c.]; (TA;) or عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ [over his family and his property]: (Msb:) and ↓ اختفلهُ signifies the same; (Lh, Ibn-'Abbád, K;) he was, or became, his خَلِيفَة (Ibn-'Abbád, TA) after him. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) And خَلَفَ فُلَانًا [alone] He was, or became, the خَلِيفَةٌ of such a one among, or in respect of, his family (K, TA) and his children. (TA.) And خَلَفَهُ رَبُّهُ فِى أَهْلِهِ (K, TA) and وَلَدِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ, (K,) His Lord was [for him] a خَلِيفَة [or supplier of his place] to his family (K, TA) and his children. (TA. [In the CK, اخلف is made to signify the same; but this is in consequence of an omission.]) And one says, خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ May God be to to thee a خَلِيفَة [or supplier of the place] (S, Msb, K) of thy father; (S, Msb,) or of the one whom thou hast lost: (S, Msb, K:) thus one says to one who has lost by death his father (S, Msb, K) or mother (K) or paternal uncle (S, Msb) or any other who cannot be replaced: (Msb, K:) and خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا, (K,) or بِخَيْرٍ, (Az, Msb, K,) or both, (L,) and خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ لَكَ بِخَيْرٍ, (Az, Msb,) and اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا ↓ أَخْلَفَ and لَكَ خَيْرًا: (K: [in which it is implied that these phrases mean May God supply to thee well the place of him whom thou hast lost: but it is implied in the Msb that the two of them there mentioned mean May God restore to thee good in the place of that which has gone from thee: and it appears from what here follows that all of these phrases have the latter meaning, whether or not they have the former meaning also:]) to him who has lost property or a child or a thing [of any other kind] of which the replacement may be asked, (S,) or to him of whom that which may be replaced has perished, or died, (K,) one says, اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ ↓ أَخْلَفَ (S, Msb, K) May God restore to thee the like of that which has gone from thee, (S, Msb,) or may God restore to thee what has gone from thee; (K in a later part of the art.;) and اللّٰه لَكَ ↓ اخلف; and خَلَفَ اللّٰه لك : or خَلَفَ اللّٰه عَلَيْكَ is allowable in relation to property and the like; and يَخْلَفُ, like يَمْنَعُ is allowable as its aor. , though extr., (K,) as it has no faucial letter to occasion the fet-h: (TA:) and one says also, خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ لَكَ بِخَيْرٍ meaning May God give thee good in the place of that which has gone from thee; (TA;) and عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا ↓ اخلف, (Msb, TA,) meaning the same; (TA;) and [so] لَكَ خَيْرًا ↓ اخلف and بِخَيْرٍ: and اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ مَالَكَ ↓ اخلف and لَكَ مَالَكَ [May God restore, or replace, to thee thy property]. (Msb.) خَلَفَ أَبَاهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) means He became behind his father; (K;) and if so, its inf. n. is خَلْفٌ: (TA:) or it means he became in the place of his father; (K;) and if so, its inf. n. is خَلَفٌ: (TA:) and خَلَفَ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ, inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ (K) and خَلَفٌ, (TA,) he became in the place of his father, exclusively of every other. (K.) You say also, خَلَفَتِ الفَاكِهَةِ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا, (JK, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ, (JK, TA,) or خَلَفٌ, (TA, [the former being there altered to the latter (which is the more probably correct), or the latter to the former,]) and خِلْفَةٌ, (JK, TA,) The fruit replaced other fruit; or became substituted for other fruit. (JK, * K,* TA. [In the CK, صَارَ خَلْفًا is erroneously put for صَارَتْ خَلَفًا.]) And خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانَةَ, inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ, [like عَقَبَ عَلَيْهَا,] Such a man took as his wife such a woman after another husband [and thus supplied his place]. (Z, TA.) b3: خَلَفَ ُلَانًا, (aor.

خَلُفَ, TA,) He took, or seized, such a one from behind him; (JK, * K;) as also ↓ اختلفهُ. (TA.) And hence, (TA,) خَلَفَ لَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ (JK, TA) He came to him from behind him, and smote his neck, or struck off his head, with the sword. (TA.) b4: خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ بِعَقِبِى [is explained as meaning] Such a one stayed, or abode, after me. (Msb in art. عقب) [But] b5: خَلَفَ بِعَقَبِ فُلَانٍ is said by some to mean إِلَى ↓ خَالَفَهُ

أَهْلِهِ [q. v.]: accord. to As, however, it means He parted with such a one on the condition of doing a certain thing, and then came behind him [or behind his back] and did another thing after parting with him: and Az says that this is a more correct explanation than the former one. (TA.) [Hence, app.,] one says also, إِنَّ امْرَأَةَ فُلَانٍ

تَخْلُفُ زَوْجَهَا بِالنِّزَاعِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ إِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا [Verily the wife of such a one is unfaithful to her husband by yearning towards another when he is absent from her: or deceives her husband behind his back by yearning towards another; for it is implied, by an ex. given, that اذا غاب عنها is added by way of explanation]. (TA.) خَلَفَهُ also signifies He spoke of him, or mentioned him, [behind his back, or] when he was not present: so in the phrase, خَلَفَهُ بِخَيْرٍ or بِشَرٍّ [He spoke of him behind his back well or ill]. (TA.) And one says, يَخْلُفُ النَّاسَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ [meaning He defames men behind their backs]: the action signified hereby is like غِيبَةٌ, and may be [by making signs] with the side of the mouth, and with the eye, and with the head. (TA in art. همز.) b6: خَلَفَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ He remained behind, or after, his companions; did not go forth with them; as also أَصْحَابِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ خِلَافَ [similar to a phrase mentioned near the beginning of this art.]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ تخلّف; (K in explanation of the former phrase;) which is syn. with تَأَخَّرَ; (S, K;) as in the phrase تخلّف عَنِّى [which means He remained behind me, or after me]; (S;) [for] تخلّف عَنْهُ means بَقِىَ خَلْفَهُ; (Mgh;) and [in like manner] you say, تخلّف عَنِ لاقَوْمِ He remained behind, or after, the people, or party, not going with them; [he held back, or hung back, from them;] and ↓ قَعَدْتُ خِلَافَهُ [i. e. I remained] behind him, or after him; (Msb;) and ↓ خالف عَنَّا He remained behind us, or after us; syn. ↓ تخلّف. (TA, from a trad.) It is said in the Kur [xvii. 78], إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ↓ وَ إِذَا لَا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلَافَكَ, i. e. [But in that case they should not have remained] after thee [save a little while]: (JK, TA: *) so accord. to one reading [instead of خَلْفَكَ, which means the same]. (TA.) And in like manner, رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ ↓ فَرِحَ المُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ, in the Kur [ix. 82], means [Those who were left behind rejoiced in their remaining] behind the Apostle of God: (S, TA:) or the meaning here is, مُخَالَفَةَ رسول اللّٰه [i. e. in disagreement with the Apostle of God]: (JK, S:) thus says Lh; but IB disagrees with him; saying that خلاف here means بَعْدَ; and cites six exs. in which it has this meaning, from poets. (TA.) b7: [Hence,] خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ عَنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one was, or became, kept back from all good; i. e.,] did not prosper, or was not successful. (TA. [It is there added, that it is explained in the A as tropical, and as meaning تَغَيَّرَ وَفَسَدَ: but this is perhaps a mistake, occasioned by the accidental omission of وَخَلَفَ اللَّبَنُ or the like, of which this is a correct explanation: or the phrase thus explained in the TA, as from the A, may correctly mean He became altered for the worse, and corrupt; agreeably with other explanations of the verb below.]) b8: خَلَفَ, aor. ـُ also signifies He (a man) retired, withdrew, or went away or apart. (JK.) and خَلَفَتْ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (assumed tropical:) His soul turned away from, avoided, or shunned, the food, in consequence of disease. (JK, TA.) b9: And He fled. (Ham p. 411.) b10: And He (a man, Sgh) ascended a mountain. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also 2, first sentence.

A3: خَلَفَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Lh, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 679,) [inf. n. خُلُوفٌ,] said of the taste of water, It was, or became, different from, or contrary to, what it was thought to be: and [hence,] it was, or became, altered [for the worse]: (Ham ubi suprà:) [and] said of milk, (S, K,) and of food, (Lh, S, Msb, K,) and the like, (Lh, TA,) and some say خَلُفَ, (TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (Lh, TA,) of both verbs, (TA,) it was, or became, altered [ for the worse] (Lh, S, Msb, K) in taste, or in odour; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اخلف: or, said of milk, the first signifies it became bad from being long kept; or, as in the A, (tropical:) what was good thereof became mixed (خُلِفَ, i. e. خُلِطَ,) with other milk: and ↓ اخلف, said of milk, signifies also it was, or became, sour: (TA:) and the first, said of [the beverage called] نَبِيذ, it became bad. (K.) Also, inf. n. خُلُوفٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and خُلُوفَةٌ (K) and خِلْفَةٌ, (L, TA,) said of the mouth (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of a person fasting, (S, Msb, K,) It was, or became, altered [for the worse] in odour; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اخلف. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad. that the خُلُوف of the mouth of one who is fasting is sweeter in the estimation of God than the odour of musk: or, accord. to some of the lawyers and of the relaters of traditions, خَلُوف; but [SM says,] I think this to be a mistake, as several affirm it to be, while others say that it is of a bad dial. : accord. to one reading, it is خِلْفَة. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خَلَفَ عَنْ خُلُقِ أَبِيهِ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, altered [for the worse] from the natural disposition of his father. (K, TA.) b3: And خَلَفَ, (ISk, S, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ [or خُلُوفٌ]; or خَلْفَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلَافَةٌ and خُلُوفٌ; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, bad, or corrupt. (ISk, S, K, TA.) b4: And خَلَفَ, (K) inf. n. خَلَافَةٌ (IAth, K) and خُلُوفٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, stupid, or foolish; or one who had little, or no, intellect or understanding: (K, * TA:) or unprofitable: or a frequent promise-breaker: (IAth:) or خَلَفَ and ↓ اخلف, said of a slave, he was, or became, idiotic, deficient in intellect, or bereft of his intellect. (JK.) A4: خَلَفَ, (K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ; (S, * K, * TA;) and ↓ اخلف, and ↓ استخلف; (S, K;) He drew water, (S, K, TA,) لِأَهْلِهِ for his family: [app. because he who does so leaves his family behind him: see 2, first sentence:] (K, TA:) [or] ↓ استخلف, said of a man, signifies اِسْتَعْذَبَ المَآء [app. as meaning he sought, or drew, or brought, sweet water: see art. عذب]: and, accord. to IAar, you say, القَوْمَ ↓ أَخْلَفْتُ, meaning properly I carried sweet water to the people, or party, when they were in the [season, or herbage, called] رَبِيع and without sweet water, or when they were by salt water: إِخْلَافٌ [as meaning the carrying, or drawing, of water,] being [properly] only in the ربيع: in other cases, metaphorically applied. (TA.) El-Hoteíäh says, ↓ لِزُغْبٍ كَأَوْلَادِ القَطَا رَاثَ خَلْفُهَا عَلَى عَاجِزَاتِ النَّهْضِ حُمْرٍ حَوَاصِلُهْ (assumed tropical:) [To, or for, downy ones, like the young ones of the katà, whose procurer of water has been slow in coming to those lacking the power of spreading their wings for flight, red in their crops]: he means ↓ مِخْلِفُهَا [or خَالِفُهَا], and has put in the place of this the inf. n.: and by حواصله, accord. to Ks, he means حَوَاصِلُ مَا ذَكْرْنَا [the crops of what we have mentioned]: but Fr says that the ه relates to the زغب, exclusively of the عاجزات, which [latter] has the sign of the pl. ; for every pl. that has the form of a sing. may be imagined to be a sing., as in the saying of the poet, مِثْلُ الفِرَاخِ نُتِفَتْ حَوَاصِلُهْ [meaning “ like the young birds of which the crops have been plucked ”]; for الفراخ has not the sign of the pl., but has the form of a sing., like الكِتَاب and الحِجَاب: another says, [but this is very far-fetched,] that the ه relates to النهض, which [sometimes] means a place in the shoulderblade of the camel; and that the poet has used it metaphorically as belonging to the قطا. (S.) A5: خَلَفَ الثَّوْبَ, (S,) or القَمِيصَ, aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ (Kr, TA) and خُلْفَةٌ, in some copies of the K خَلْفَةٌ, [so in my MS. copy of the K, and so in the TK,] and [in some] خُلَفٌ also, but these require consideration, (TA,) He took out from the garment, or shirt, the part that was worn out, (S, Msb, K,) that is, the middle part, which was worn out, (S, Msb,) and then sewed the [cut] edges together. (S, Msb, K.) and الثَّوْبَ ↓ اخلف signifies the same as خَلَفَهُ, i. e. He repaired the garment [app. in any manner, or, as is implied in the S and TA, by substituting one piece for another]. (S, K, TA.) b2: The saying, in a trad. of Hamneh, فَإِذَا خَلَفَتْ ذٰلِكَ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) And when she has discriminated that period of days and nights during which she has been حَائِض, [she shall perform a complete ablution of herself,] is from خَلَفَ القَمِيص signifying as explained above. (Msb.) A6: خَلَفَ signifies also He mixed [a thing with another thing; as, for instance, (see خُلِفَ in a passage above,) milk with other milk]: and he mixed saffron, and medicine, with water. (TA.) A7: خَلَفَ بَيْتَهُ He put to, or made for, his tent, a pole, (K, TA,) termed a خَالِفَة, (TA,) in the hinder part thereof. (K TA.) A8: خَلِفَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. خَلَفٌ, (S, K,) He (a camel) inclined towards one side. (S, K.) b2: خَلَفٌ is also an inf. n. (of خَلِفَ, said of a man, TK) signifying The being أَخْلَف as meaning contrarious, hard in disposition, as though going with a leaning towards one side: b3: and the being left-handed: b4: and the being أَحْوَل [or squint-eyed]. (K.) A9: خَلِفَتْ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَلَفٌ, (Msb, TA,) She (a camel) was, or became, pregnant. (Msb, K.) 2 خلّفهُ, (Msb,) and خلّفهُ وَرَآءَهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. تَخْلِيفٌ, (TA,) He left him behind him; (Msb;) namely, a man: (S, Msb, TA:) and ↓ خَلَفَهُ [signifies the same: or] he made him to be behind him; as also ↓ اخلفهُ [q.v.], and ↓ اختلفهُ: (TA:) [whence the saying,] أَلْحَحْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ

↓ فِى الاِتِبَاعِ حَتَّى اخْتَلَفْتُهُ i. e. [I pressed upon such a one in following] until I made him to be behind me. (ISk, TA.) You say also, خَلَّفَهُمْ, inf. n. as above, meaning He was, or became, or went, before them; and left them behind him. (TA.) And خلّفوا أَثْقالَهُم, inf. n. as above, They left their loads, or baggage &c., behind their backs; (O, K;) when they went away to draw water. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خلّفهُ He made him, or appointed him, his خَلِيفَة [i. e. successor, or vice-agent, &c.]; (K;) and so ↓ استخلفهُ. (S, Msb, K.) So in the Kur [xxiv. 54], ↓ لَيَسْتَخِلَفَنَّهُمْ فِى الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ [That He will assuredly make them to be successors in the earth, like as He made to be successors those who were before them]. (TA.) A2: خلّف بِنَاقَتِهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He bound one of the teats of his she-camel with the thing termed صِرَار [in order that her young one might not suck it]: (S, K:) from Yaakoob. (S.) 3 خالفهُ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. خِلَافٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) and مُخَالَفَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) He [or it] disagreed with, or differed from, him [or it]; or he dissented from him; (Mgh, Msb;) contr. of وَافَقَهُ; فِى كَذَا [in, or in respect of, such a thing]: (Mgh:) and he, or it, was contrary, opposed, or repugnant, to him, or it: (TA:) [and he acted contrarily, contrariously, adversely, or in opposition, to him, or it; he, or it, contravened, or opposed, him, or it:] and he [or it] contradicted him [or it]. (M in art. نقض.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ خِلَافَ الضَّبُعِ الرَّاكِبَ, i. e. تُخَالِفُ خِلَافَ الضَّبُعِ [Verily thou art one who acts with the contrariousness of the hyena towards the rider]: for the hyena [attacks a man on foot, but], when it sees the rider, flees from him. (IAar, TA.) You say also, خَالَفَنِى عَنْ كَذَا He turned away from such a thing [in opposition to me, or] when I betook myself to it: [see also the last sentence but one of the first paragraph of art. بهت:] and خالفنى إِلَى كَذَا He betook himself to such a thing [in opposition to me, or] when I turned away from it: (Mgh:) or خالفهُ إِلَى

الشَّىْءِ means he disobeyed him by betaking himself to the thing; or betook himself to the thing after he had forbidden him it. (TA.) And hence, (Mgh,) هُوَ يُخَالِفُ إِلَى امْرَأَةِ فُلَانٍ, (S, Mgh, *) or إِلَى فُلَانَةَ, (O, L, TA,) in the K erroneously, هو يخالف فُلَانَةَ, (TA,) He comes to the wife of such a one when he [the latter] is absent from her, (S,) or to such a woman when her husband is absent from her: (Mgh, * O, L, K, TA:) and خالفهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ [he came to his (another's) wife in his (the husband's) absence]: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. (Az, TA.) And خالفهُ

إِلَيْهِمْ He watched to see him, and, when he was absent from them, namely, his family, he went in to them: (JM, O, TA:) and, accord. to Az, فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ ↓ اخلف Such a one watched to see his companion, and, when he was absent, he came, and went in to him [or rather to his wife or to his family]: (TA:) [or] صَاحِبَهُ ↓ خالف he watched to see his companion, and, when he was absent, went in to his wife: (K, and the like is said in the JK:) thus says IDrd, on the authority of Az. (TA.) And خالف إِلَى قَوْمٍ He came to a party, or company of men, from behind them [or behind their backs]: or he feigned to them the contrary of that which he conceived in his mind, and took them unawares. (TA.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, [describing a collector of wild honey,] إِذَا لَسَعَتْهُ النَّحْلُ لَمْ يَرْجُ لَسْعَهَا وَخَالَفَهَا فِى بَيْتِ نُوبٍ عَوَاسِلِ (S in the present art., in which only the former hemistich is cited, and in art. رجو,) i. e. [When the bees sting him,] he fears not nor minds [their stinging], (S in art. رجو) [but comes, during their absence, to the hiving-place of bees occupied in gathering honey:] meaning, he comes to their honey, (S, TA, [in the latter of which, in the place of النحل, is put الدَّبْرُ “ the swarm of bees,”]) and takes it, (TA,) while they are feeding; (S, TA;) or, as AA says, he comes behind them to the honey while they are absent: AO explains it by خَالَفَهَا إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ which [he says] meanshe keeps with them [to another place]; syn. لَازَمَهَا; [and thus this phrase (which is strangely misinterpreted in the TK and in Freytag's Lexicon) is explained in the K, but without any reference to the verse;] as also حَالَفَهَا, with the unpointed ح: (TA:) and some read the verse thus; but this reading is said to be a mistake. (TA in art. حلف.) b2: جَآءَ خِلَافَهُ: see 1, near the beginning of the paragraph. And see also five other exs. in the middle portion of the same paragraph. b3: خالف بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ He put one of his legs forward and the other backward: and [hence,] المُخَالَفَةُ بَيْنَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ [as signifying the alternate shifting of the legs to and fro] is metonymically used as meaning the act of dancing. (Har p. 108.) [And خالف بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ He put, or placed, the two things contrariwise; or on contrary sides; or in contrary directions. Hence,] أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, in the Kur v. 37, [Or that their hands and their feet shall be cut off on contrary sides,] means that their right hands and left feet shall be cut off. (Bd, Jel. [See also similar exs. in the Kur vii. 121 and xx. 74 and xxvi. 49.]) [Hence also,] فَرَسٌ بِهِ شِكَالٌ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, (JK,) or ذُو خَدَمَتَانِ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, (TA,) A horse having a whiteness in his right fore leg and his left hind leg [or the reverse]: (JK, TA:) and some say, لَهُ خَدَمَتَانِ مِنْ خِلَافٍ when he has a whiteness [or rather a ring of white a little above the hoof] in his fore leg [or right fore leg] and another in his left fore leg [probably a mistake of a copyist for his left hind leg]. (TA.) 4 اخلفهُ: see 2, first sentence. Also He put him, turned him, or made him to go back or stand back, behind him. (K, TA.) And اخلف يَدَهُ He put his hand behind him. (Az, TA.) and also, (Fr, TA,) or اخلف بِيَدِهِ إِلَى السَّيْفِ, (JK,) or simply اخلف [used elliptically], (S, K,) He put [back] his hand to his sword, (Fr, S, K, TA,) in order to draw it, (JK, S, K, TA,) it being hung behind him. (Fr, * TA.) And اخلف السَّيْفَ [He hung the sword behind him; or kept it hung behind him]: said, in a trad., of a man on the day of Bedr. (TA.) And اخلف عَنِ البَعِيرِ [ for اخلف عَنْهُ الحَقَبَ] He shifted [backwards] the hind girth of the camel, putting it next to his testicles, on account of its hurting the sheath of his penis, and causing a suppression of his urine; (As, S, K;) as also اخلف البَعِيرَ: (TA:) or you say only, أَخْلِفِ الحَقَبَ, meaning remove thou the hind girth from the sheath of the penis. (Lh, TA.) And اخلف الدَّابَّةَ بِالسَّوْطِ He struck the beast on the hinder part with the whip. (JK.) b2: اخلف البَازِلَ [He (a camel) exceeded in age the بازل, which is generally one that has entered his ninth year: as though he made the بازل to be behind him: and so, app., اخلف alone; البَازِلَ being understood: see مُخْلِفٌ]. El-Jaadee says, أَخْلَفَ البَازِلَ عَامًا أَوْ بَزَلْ أَيِّدِ الكَاهِلِ جَلْدٍ بَازِلٍ

[Strong in the withers, hardy, a بازل; that has exceeded in age him who has just become a بازل by a year, or that has himself just become a بازل]. (S, TA.) Some say that الإِخْلَافُ is [a term denoting] the last of the ages [that have words to signify them] with respect to all beasts. (TA.) b3: اخلف فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ: see 3, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: اخلفهُ مَا وَعَدَهُ, (S,) or مَوْعِدَهُ, (Mgh,) or وَعْدَهُ, (Msb,) or الوَعْدَ, (K,) inf. n. إِخْلَافٌ, (Mgh,) He broke, (Mgh,) or failed to perform, (S, K,) his promise, or the promise, to him: (S, Mgh, K:) restricted to future time: (Msb:) الإِخْلَافُ is, in respect of the future, like الكَذِبُ in respect of the past: (S, K:) or the making a promise and not fulfilling it: (Lh, K:) and some say that it signifies one's seeking an object of want, or water, and not finding it. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ, i. e. When he promises, he does not fulfil his promise, and is not true [to it]. (TA.) [Hence,] أَخْلَفَتِ النُّجُومُ, i. e. (tropical:) [The stars broke their promise; meaning,] were attended with drought, not attended with rain: (S, K, TA:) a saying of the people in the Time of Ignorance: (S, TA:) and so عَنْ أَنْوَائِهَا ↓ اِخْتَلَفَتْ: for they used to believe and say that they were rained upon by such and such a نَوْء. (TA. [See نَوْءٌ.]) Hence also, أَخْلَفَتِ الحُمَّى (assumed tropical:) The fever, being tertian or quartan, came not in its time, or turn. (Mgh.) And أَخْلَفَتْ said of a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) She, having been covered by the stallion, did not become pregnant: (JK, TA:) and (assumed tropical:) she proved to be not pregnant when thought to be pregnant. (JK.) And in like manner said of a palm-tree; (JK;) (tropical:) It bore not one year: and (tropical:) it (a tree) bore no fruit: or lost the fruit that it had. (L, TA. [The verb, said of trees, has also another meaning, which see below.]) b5: اخلفهُ is also said, by El-Fárábee, to occur as meaning He acted according to his promise [or fulfilled his promise] to him; thus bearing two contr. significations: but this is strange. (MF.) b6: Also He found him to be a breaker of his promise; (JK;) or he found his promise to be broken, or unfulfilled. (S, K.) b7: اخلف عَلَيْكَ and لَكَ, each with an objective complement (خَيْرًا or مَالَكَ) expressed or understood: see 1, in six places, in the former half of the paragraph. You say also, اخلف فُلَانٌ لِنَفْسِهِ, (S, K,) or لِغَيْرِهِ, (TA,) Such a one replaced to himself, (S, K,) or to another, (TA,) a thing that had gone from him, with another thing. (S, K.) Ibn-Mukbil says, فَأَخْلِفْ وَأَتْلِفْ إِنَّمَا المَالُ عَارَةٌ وَكُلْهُ مَعَ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى هُوَ آكِلُهْ [Then replace thou, and consume: wealth is but a loan: and devour it with time, which is a devourer thereof]: he means, gain a substitute for what thou hast consumed. (S, TA.) and the Arabs say to him who has put on a new garment, أَبْلِ وَأَخْلِفْ وَاحْمَدِ الكَاسِى [Wear out thy garment, and replace it with another, and praise the Clother, meaning God]. (TA.) and أَبْلِ وَيُخْلِفُ اللّٰهُ [Wear out thy garment, and God will replace it with another; or, may God replace &c.]. (S in art. بلو) b8: See also اخلف الثَّوْبَ near the end of the first paragraph. b9: اخلف said of a plant, or of herbage, It put forth the خِلْفَة, (S, Msb, K,) meaning leaves that come forth after the first leaves, in the [season called]

صَيْف; (TA;) and in like manner said of trees: (Msb, TA:) or اخلف الشَّجَرُ means the trees put forth fruit after other fruit. (JK.) And, said of fruit, It came forth, some thereof after other thereof. (TA.) And اخلفت الأَرْضُ The land became affected by the cold of the latter part of the [season called] صَيْف, and some of its trees consequently become green. (TA.) b10: Also, said of a bird, (tropical:) It put forth feathers after the first feathers: (K, TA:) from the same verb said of a plant, or of herbage. (TA.) b11: And, said of a boy, (assumed tropical:) He nearly attained to puberty. (JK, Az. K, TA.) b12: And, said of a solid-hoofed beast, (assumed tropical:) He completed a year after the قُرُوح [or finishing teething, or shedding the corner-nipper]. (JK.) A2: اخلفهُ said of medicine, It weakened him (K, TA) by causing him to go frequently to the privy. (TA.) b2: And الإِخْلَافُ also signifies The bringing the stallion again to the she-camel when she has not conceived at once. (K.) A3: See also 1, in six places, in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَخَلَّفَ see 1, in two places, in the middle of the paragraph. [Hence, تخلّف َنِ الأَمْرِ He held back from, or fell short of, doing the thing.]6 تَخَاْلَفَ see the next paragraph, in three places.8 اِخْتِلَافٌ signifies The following reciprocally; or alternating. (Mgh.) So in the phrase in the Kur [ii. 159 and iii. 187 and xlv. 4], وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارِ And the alternating of the night and the day. (Mgh) [And in a verse of El-'Ajjáj cited voce أَبْلَى, in art. بلو.] And hence the phrase, اِخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَةً Each of them beat, or struck the other in turn. (Mgh.) And the saying, in a trad. of 'Alee, فَاخْتَلَفَتْ بَيْنَ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الحٰرِثِ وَالوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ضَرْبَتَانِ [And two blows were interchanged between 'Obeydeh Ibn-El-Hárith and El-Weleed Ibn-'Okbeh]. (Mgh.) And the saying, in a trad. of Umm-Sabeeyeh, اِخْتَلَفَتْ يَدِى

وَيدُ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ فِى إِنَآءٍ وَاحِدٍ, meaning My hand and the hand of the Apostle of God were both put [by turns] into one vessel. (Mgh.) and اِخْتَلَفُوا signifies They followed, or succeeded, one another; whenever one went, another coming after him. (TA in art. عور.) b2: Also The going, or moving, repeatedly, to and fro; so coming and going; or reciprocating; syn. تَرَدُّدٌ [in this sense, as is shown in this art. in the K and TA, and in the S and K in art. رود &c.: and also as mean ing the returning, or repairing, time after time, or repeatedly, or frequently, to a person or place; because it implies coming and going: and sometimes it means simply the returning; because this cannot be without a previous going]. (K.) You say, هُوَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, i. e. يَتَرَدَّدُ [He returns, or repairs, time after time, repeatedly, or frequently, to such a one]: and اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَيْهِ اخْتِلَافَةً وَاحِدَةً

[He returned to him once]. (TA.) And هُوَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى مَجَالِسِ العِلْمِ He repairs frequently to, or frequents, the assemblies of science; syn. يَتَرَدَّدُ. (A in art. رد.) And اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَى المُتَوَضَّأِ [He returned, or repaired, time after time, &c., to the privy]. (S.) And اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَى الخَلآءِ [properly signifies the same: and hence, (assumed tropical:) He had a looseness of the bowels, or a diarrhœa]. (K.) And [perhaps as implying coming and going,] اختلف also signifies He supplied, or gave, or offered, water. (TA.) b3: [Also The disagreeing, differing, or varying, in state or condition or quality &c.; being dissimilar, different, diverse, various, incongruous, discordant, or dissentient:] اختلف is the contr. of اِتَّفَقَ; (K, TA;) and is said of anything that is dissimilar [in the parts or members &c. of which it is composed]; as also ↓ تخالف. (TA.) You say, الأَمْرَانِ ↓ تخالف [and اختلف الامران], i. e. لَمْ يَتَّفِقَا [The two things, or affairs, or cases, were, or became, dissimilar, &c.]. (TA.) And اختلفوا and ↓ تخالفوا (Mgh, Msb) [They disagreed, &c., فِى أَمْرٍ in a thing or an affair or a case;] every one of them took to, or held, a way, or an opinion, different from, or contrary to, that of another: (Msb:) both signify the same. (Mgh.) It is said in a trad., سَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا فَتَخْتَلِفَ قُلُوبُكُمْ [Make ye your ranks even when ye place yourselves to pray together, and be not dissimilar in your positions, for in that case your hearts would disagree]; meaning, when one of you advances, or stands, before another in the ranks, your hearts will be affected, and disagreement in respect of friendship and amity will arise among you: or, as some say, it means, your hearts will be made to recoil: or the صُورَة [or specific character] of your hearts will become changed into another صورة. (TA.) [Hence,] اِخْتَلَفَتْ عَنْ أَنْوَائِهَا, said of stars: see 4, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: Also The being complicated, intricate, or confused. (KL.) [You say, اختلف الأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ The affair, or case, was, or became, complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them: a phrase of frequent occurrence.]

A2: اختلفهُ: see 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: See also 2, in two places. b3: اختلف صَاحِبَهُ: see 3, near the middle of the paragraph.10 استخلفهُ: see 2, in two places. b2: Also He took it (a thing) as a substitute, or in exchange, for another thing; or in the place of another thing; syn. اِسْتَعْوَضَهُ and اِسْتَبْدَلَهُ. (TA.) b3: استخلفتِ الأَرْضُ The land produced the herbage of the [season called] اِسْتَبْدَلَهُ. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in the middle of the latter half of the paragraph, in two places.

خَلْفٌ [meaning The location, or quarter, that is behind; and the time past;] (K; [so in my MS. copy, and thus it should be written as a simple noun; but in the CK خَلْفُ;]) or الخَلْفُ; (Lth, K;) contr. of قُدَّامٌ [or القُدَّامُ]: (Lth, K:) [and] خَلْفَ [Behind; and after;] contr. of قُدَّامَ: (S: [thus in my tow copies; and said in the margin of one of them to be thus in the copy of IB, and in that of El-Jawáleekee:]) a simple noun: and an adv. n.: of the fem. gender [as meaning the جِهَة; but otherwise it seems to be masc.]. (TA.) You say, جَآءَ خَلْفَهُ [and مِنْ خَلْفِهِ, both meaning He came behind him, and after him]. (Mgh.) And جَلَسْتُ خَلْفَ فُلَانٍ I sat after, or behind, such a one; syn. بَعْدَهُ (S.) And لَبِثَ خَلْفَهُ He remained after him. (K.) Some read, in the Kur [xvii. 78], وَإِذًا لَايَلْبَثُونَ خَلْفَكَ: others read خِلَافَكَ [which means the same, as mentioned above: see the middle of the first paragraph of this art.]. (TA.) b2: خَلْفٌ signifies also The back (K, TA) itself: so says IAar: and particularly, of a house; the side corresponding to, or over against, that in which is the door; and as a house may have two doors, [in two different sides,] it may be said to have two backs, each of which may be thus termed; and the dual of this word seems to be used as meaning two backs in a trad. [respecting the building of the Kaabeh]. (TA.) b3: And One who comes after another; (S, TA;) as also ↓ خَلَفٌ, or, accord. to some, there is a difference between these two, as will be shown in what follows; (S;) and ↓ خَالِفٌ and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ: it is originally an inf. n.: (TA:) and signifies one who remains after another, whether this other be dead or living: and one remaining after another who is dead; his follower, or successor; the follower, or successor, of one who has gone: used in praise and in dispraise: pl. خُلُوفٌ: and the sing. also signifies [like the pl.] persons remaining after others; accord. to some: (IB, TA:) a remnant of people: (Lh, TA:) and a generation after a generation; (Lth, S, K;) as also ↓ خَلَفٌ: (Lth, TA:) but Lth says that the former is applied to the evil, and ↓ the latter to the good, (K, TA,) whether meaning a generation or a son: (TA:) the latter means a good son (K, TA) remaining after his father: (TA:) and the former, a bad son: (K, TA:) [therefore] one says, هُوَ خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ [He is a bad son] who has taken the place of his father, and صِدْقٍ من ابيه ↓ خَلَفُ [a good son] &c.: (S:) but sometimes each is used in the place of the other; so that one says, هو خَلْفُ صِدْقٍ من ابيه: (K:) or both signify the same: (S, K:) so says Akh: some, he says, use the former; and some, the latter: but some say صِدْقٍ ↓ خَلَفُ and خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ, meaning thus to distinguish between them: (S:) accord. to IB, ↓ خَلَفٌ correctly signifies a man's successor who is a substitute for him, good and bad: and is originally an inf. n.: (TA:) and the pl. of this is أَخْلَافٌ: (Az, IB, TA:) accord. to IAth, خَلَفُ صِدْقٍ means a good generation: and خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ, an evil generation: (TA:) and خَلْفٌ likewise signifies progeny [without restriction]. (K.) One says also, (S, K,) of a people following people more in number than they, (S,) هٰؤُلَآءِ خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ [These are a bad generation. (S, K.) And بَقِينَا فِى خَلْفِ سَوْءٍ We remained among an evil remnant. (Lh, TA.) And فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ, in the Kur [vii. 168 and xix. 60], is explained as meaning And there remained after them a remnant. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] (tropical:) One in whom is no good. (IB, K.) [And app. also Persons in whom is no good..] b5: And (tropical:) A thing in which is no good: (IB, TA:) [and particularly] (assumed tropical:) a bad saying; (ISk, S, Msb, K;) a wrong, bad saying, like the خَلْف of mankind. (A 'Obeyd, Msb.) See also خُلْفٌ. It is said in a prov., سَكَتَ أَلْفًا وَنَطَقَ خَلْفًا (assumed tropical:) He held his tongue from a thousand words (سَكَتَ عَنْ أَلْفِ كَلِمَة), and then uttered what was wrong. (ISk, S, Msb.) An Arab of the desert, who had been guilty of a breach of manners (حَبَقَ حَبْقَةً), pointed with his thumb towards his اِسْت, and said, إِنَّهَا خَلْفٌ نَطَقَتْ خَلْفًا [which may be rendered, Verily it is a thing in which is no good: it uttered a thing in which was no good: but it obviously admits of being rendered otherwise]. (IAar, S.) b6: Also People who have gone away from the tribe (T, K) to draw water, and have left their baggage &c. behind them: (T, TA:) and such as are present, [remaining behind,] of the tribe: thus bearing two contr. significations: pl. خُلُوفٌ. (K.) You say حَىٌّ خُلُوفٌ A tribe who are absent; none of them remaining behind: (S, TA:) or a tribe of which the men are absent and the women remaining: (TA:) and خُلُوفٌ also signifies the contr., i. e. such as are present, (S, TA,) remaining behind. (S.) It is said of Mohammad, in a trad., لَمْ يَتْرُكْ أَهْلَهُ خُلُوفًا, i. e. He did not leave his family neglected, with no pastor nor protector. (TA.) See also a verse of El-Hoteíäh in the latter part of the first paragraph of this article.

A2: Old and worn out; applied to a وَطْب [or skin for milk, or for clarified butter and milk: as though it were a remnant thereof]. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) A3: A مِرْبَد; (S, K;) i. e. a place of confinement for camels: (TA:) or such as is behind the tent or house. (JK, S, * K.) A4: A large فَأْس [i. e. hoe or adze or axe]: or such as has one head: and the edge of a فأس: or the head thereof: (K:) you say فَأْسٌ ذَاتُ خَلْقَيْنِ a two-headed فأس: (S, TA:) or ذَاتُ خَلْقَيْنِ and ↓ ذَاتُ خِلْقَيْنِ are names of the فأس (K, TA) when two-headed: (TA:) and the pl. is ذَوَاتُ الخَلْقَيْنِ: (K:) pl. خُلُوفٌ. (JK.) b2: And The head of a razor. (K.) b3: And The [pointed] head of a مِنْقَار, [an iron instrument like the فَأْس, (A and K in art. نقر,) with which mill-stones &c. are pecked, or wrought into shape, (see مِنْقَارٌ,) and] with which wood is cut. (TA.) A5: See also خِلْفٌ.

خُلْفٌ a subst. from إِخْلَافٌ, (S, Msb, K,) relating to a promise, and restricted to future time; (Msb;) i. e. a subst. used in the place of إِخْلَافٌ; (Lh, TA;) meaning The breach, or non-fulfilment, of a promise; as also ↓ خُلُفٌ, which is said to be the original form of the word, and ↓ خُلُوفٌ: (TA:) it is, in respect of the future, like كَذِبٌ in respect of the past: (S, K:) some say that it signifies a false, or wrong, saying; which is a meaning of ↓ خَلْفٌ, with fet-h, before mentioned: but perhaps these two words may be syn. dial. vars. (MF, TA.) b2: Also, (Msb,) or ↓ خُلْفَةٌ, and ↓ خِلْفَةٌ, (K, TA,) Disagreement, difference, dissension, contrariety, contrariousness, or opposition, (Msb, K, * TA,) in opinions or the like, (Msb,) or in respect of friendship and amity, (TA in explanation of the second of these words,) or in natural disposition; (K;) as also ↓ خِلَفْنَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ خِلَفْنَاةٌ and ↓ خَالِفٌ and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ. (K.) A2: It is also pl. of خَلِيفٌ, in its various senses.

خِلْفٌ: see خِلْفَةٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in seven places. b2: Also, applied to a man, (Sgh,) i. q. لَجُوجٌ [app. as meaning One who perseveres much in opposition or contention or the like]; (Sgh, K;) as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ. (TA.) A2: Also a subst. from إِخْلَافٌ meaning The act of drawing water; and so ↓ خِلْفَةٌ: (A 'Obeyd, K: *) [whence the saying,] مِنْ أَيْنِ خِلْفَتُكُمْ Whence do ye draw water? (S, K.) A3: The teat (حَلَمَة) of the udder of the she-camel: (S, K:) and the two fore ones, and the two hinder ones: (S:) or the part of the udder upon which the milker lays hold: (TA:) or the extremity of the udder of the she-camel: (Msb, K:) or the hinder of the أَطْبَآء [or teats]: (K:) or the udder itself; (Lth, TA;) [i. e.] it is, to the she-camel, (Msb, * K,) like the ثَدْى to the human being, (Msb,) or like the ضَرْع to the ewe or she-goat: (K:) or the خِلْف is of the camel and of the cloven-hoofed animal; and the طُبْى, of the solid-hoofed animal and of the animal that has a claw: (Lh, TA:) the pl. [properly of pauc.] is أَخْلَافٌ (Msb, TA) and [of mult.] خُلُوفٌ. (TA.) One says, دَرَّتْ لَهُ أَخْلَافُ الدُّنْيَا (tropical:) [The world yielded him abundance of its good things]. (TA.) A4: The shortest of the ribs of the side; (S;) [and] so ↓ خَلْفٌ; (K;) likewise called ضِلَعٌ الخِلْفِ and الخَلْفِ; it is the furthest and thinnest of the ribs; (TA;) [i. e.] the خِلْف is that next to the belly, of the small ribs; their قُصَيْرَى: (K: [see القُصْرَى:]) pl. of the former (S) [and] of the latter (K) خُلُوفٌ. (S, K.) A5: ذَاتُ خِلْفَيْنِ: see خَلْفٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

خَلَفٌ A substitute; a thing given, or received, or put, or done, instead of, in place of, or in exchange for, another thing. (A 'Obeyd, Th, S, Msb, K, TA.) You say, اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا خَلْفًا مِنْ هٰذَا Make thou this to be a substitute for this. (Msb.) And هٰذَا خَلَفٌ مِمَّا أُخِذَ لَكَ This is a substitute for what has been taken to thee. (IB.) and فِى هٰؤُلَآءِ القَوْمِ خَلَفٌ مِمَّنْ مَضَى In these people are such as supply the place of those who have gone. (TA.) And فِى فُلَانٍ خَلَفٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ [In such a one is a substitute for such a one]. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ خَلَفٌ He is a substitute for his father. (IB.) See also خَلْفٌ, in six places, in the former half of the paragraph.

خَلِفٌ, applied to she-camels, i. q. مَخَاضٌ, i. e. Pregnant: n. un. with ة: (S, K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the pl. of خَلِفَةٌ, which signifies a pregnant camel, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) or, as some say, one that has completed a year after bringing forth and has then been covered and has conceived, until she enters upon the term called التَّعْشِير, (TA, [from-the time when her pregnancy has become manifest, (see قَارِحٌ and لَاقِحٌ,)] is مَخَاضٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) like as the pl. of اِمْرَأَةٌ is نِسَآءٌ; (Msb, TA;) and sometimes خَلِفَاتٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and خِلَافٌ: (TA:) but خَلِفٌ occurs in the saying of the rájiz, مَا لَكَ تَرْغِينَ وَلَا تَرْغُوا الخَلِفْ [What aileth thee that thou utterest a grumbling cry, when the pregnant camels utter not that cry?]. (IB.) خُلَفٌ: see خُلْفَةٌ.

خُلُفٌ: see خُلْفٌ.

خَلْفَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

خُلْفَةٌ: see خُلْفٌ. b2: Also A vice, a fault, or an imperfection: (K:) and badness, corruptness, vitiousness, or dishonesty: (TA:) and foolishness, or stupidity; or paucity, or want, of intellect or understanding; as also ↓ خَلَافَةٌ [properly an inf. n., of خَلُفَ, and before mentioned as such; (see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph;)] and idiocy. (K.) All of these meanings have been assigned to it in explanations of the saying, أَبِيعُكَ هٰذَا العَبْدَ وَأَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ خُلْفَتِهِ [I sell to thee this slave, but I am irresponsible to thee for his vice, &c.]: or, accord. to IAar, the meaning is, خِلَافِهِ [his contrariousness]. (TA.) b3: Also The last taste of food; (K;) as in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَطَيِّبُ الخُلْفَةِ [Verily it is good, or sweet, in respect of the last taste]; (TA;) and so ↓ خَلْفَةٌ: pl. خُلَفٌ: and it (خُلْفَةٌ) signifies also loss of appetite for food, in consequence of disease: (so accord. to the CK:) [or,] accord. to some copies of the K, ↓ خَلْفَةٌ has this latter signification; and so ↓ خُلَفٌ: accord. to other copies, خُلَفٌ is pl of خَلْفَةٌ in this sense: but both these readings require consideration: what is found in the Lexicons is, خَلَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ; meaning as explained above, in the latter half of the first paragraph. (TA.) خِلْفَةٌ a subst. signifying A mode, or manner, of coming after [or behind]; like قِعْدَةٌ signifying

“ a mode, or manner, of sitting. ” (Msb.) b2: See also خُلْفٌ. b3: It signifies also Difference [of any kind]: (K, * TA:) or the coming and going of the night and the day; (S, K, * TA;) and likewise of wild animals. (K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xxv. 63], وَهُوَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً, (S, K, *) meaning ذَوَى خِلْفَةٍ, (Bd,) i. e. [And He it is who hath made the night and the day] so that each replaces the other: or each follows the other: (K, * TA:) or so that he who is unable to accomplish a thing in the night may do it in the day, and the reverse. (Fr, L, K.) Zuheyr says, of wild animals, يَمْشِينَ خِلْفَةً, meaning They go to and fro. (S, TA. [See Em p. 109.]) And one says, أَخَذَتْهُ خِلْفَةٌ, meaning He was taken with [an affection causing] a frequent going to and from the privy. (S, K.) [And hence,] خِلْفَةٌ signifies also, A discharging of the bowels; or a purging and vomiting together; (K;) or a disordered state of the stomach arising from [unwholesome] food; (TA;) a looseness, or diarrhœa. (JK, TA.) b4: See also خِلْفٌ. b5: Also The bringing of camels to the watering-place in the evening, after the people have gone away. (L, K.) b6: And A man's watching to see another, (أَنْ يُنَاظِرَ in some copies of the K, and ان يُنَاصِرَ in other copies, being put for ان يُبَاصِرُ, which is the right reading, agreeably with an explanation of اِخْتَلَفَ صَاحِبَهُ, [for which see 3, near the middle of the paragraph,] TA,) and when he is absent from his family, going in to them, (K, TA,) or [rather], when he is absent from his wife, going in to her. (TA, after the explanation of the phrase above mentioned.) A2: A thing that is suspended behind the rider; (JK, K;) such as is suspended behind the [kind of vehicle called] مَحْمِل. (TA.) b2: Remains of water in a trough or tank. (TA.) b3: What remains, of food, between the teeth. (Lh, K.) b4: A plant, or herbage, that comes forth after another plant, or other herbage, (S, Msb, K,) which has become dry, and broken in pieces: (S, TA:) or that comes forth not from rain, but by reason of the cold of the latter part of the night. (Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee, K. [See also رَبْلٌ.]) b5: What the trees disclose in the beginning of the cold, (K, TA,) by reason of the [rain called]

صَفَرِيَّة [q. v.]: (TA:) or fruit that comes forth after other fruit: (K:) or fruit that comes forth after abundant fruit; (S, Mgh, TA;) this being termed the خِلْفَة of trees: (S, Mgh:) or a growth of leaves after the falling away of other leaves: (K, * TA: دُونَ in the K is a mistake for بَعْدَ: TA:) or leaves that come forth after the first leaves, in the [season called] صَيْف. (Nh, TA.) b6: What grows in the صَيْف [or summer]; so says A 'Obeyd: (S, K:) or, (JK, Mgh, K,) as also ↓ خِلْفٌ, (K,) the herbage produced by the صيف, (JK, K,) or in the صيف, (Mgh,) after the springherbage has dried up. (JK, Mgh.) b7: A produce of grape-vines after the grapes have turned black; the grapes being gathered while it is fresh and green, it then ripens: and so other fruits: or a new produce, by the vine, of fresh sour grapes. (K.) b8: Grain that is sown (JK, * Mgh, K *) after the former has come to maturity: (Mgh, TA:) because taken as a substitute for wheat and barley: (K:) pl. خِلَفٌ. (Mgh.) b9: A piece with which a garment is patched (K) when it is old and worn out. (TA.) b10: A time after a time. (IAar, K.) A3: Differing [one from another or others]; as also ↓ خِلْفٌ: (K:) it is applied in this sense to a people, or company of men: (Az, S, K:) and to beasts, or horses or the like, as meaning differing (K, TA) in their colours and appearances: (TA:) and خِلْفَتَانِ is applied to any two things that are different; (Ks, TA;) as also ↓ خِلْفَانِ: (Ks, Msb, TA:) and خِلْفَةٌ, (K,) or خِلْفَتَانِ, (Ks, TA,) to any two colours that are combined [because different]. (Ks, K, TA.) Az cites, as an ex., the saying [of a rájiz], سَاقِيَاهُمَا ↓ دَلْوَاىْ خِلْفَانِ [My two buckets are different, and their two suppliers with water]; (S, TA;) meaning that one of them [i. e. of the buckets] is ascending and full, and the other is descending and empty; or that one of them is new, and the other is old and worn out. (TA, in two places.) And one says of two children, or two male slaves; or two female slaves, that they are خِلْفَتَانِ, (Ks, K,) and ↓ خِلْفَانِ, (K,) applying to the male and the female, (TA,) meaning One tall and the other short: or one white and the other black. (Ks, K.) One says also, بَنُو فُلَانٍ

خِلْفَةٌ, meaning The children of such a one are half males and half females. (S.) And نِتَاجُ فُلَانٍ

خِلْفَةٌ The offspring of the beasts of such a one are one year male and another year female. (JK, TA.) And ↓ وَلَدَتْ خِلْفَيْنِ, said of ewe or goat, (K,) or of a camel, (L,) She brought forth one year a male and another year a female. (L, K.) The pl. [of ↓ خِلْفٌ] (K, TA) in all its senses (TA) is أَخْلَافٌ and خِلَفَةٌ; (K, * TA;) the latter, [in the CK خِلْفَةٌ,] like قِرَدَةٌ as pl. of قِرْدٌ. (TA.) خُلْفُفٌ and خُلْفَفٌ and خُلْفُفَةٌ and خُلْفَفَةٌ: see خَالِفٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: أُمُّ خُلْفُفٍ (Sgh, K) and خُلْفَفٌ Calamity, or misfortune: or the greatest calamity or misfortune. (K.) خِلَفْنَةٌ and خِلَفْنَاةٌ: see خُلْفٌ: b2: and see also خَالِفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

خِلَافٌ an inf. n. of 3 [q. v. passim]. (S, &c.) b2: Also The contrary, or opposite, of a thing; syn. ضِدٌّ. (Msb in art. ضد. [Very often used in this sense.]) You say, الاِخْتِلَافُ خِلَافُ الاِتِّفَاقِ [i. e. الاختلاف is the contrary of الاتّفاق] (TA.) A2: Also, (S, Msb, K,) by the vulgar (O, Msb, TA) incorrectly pronounced with teshdeed (O, Msb, K, TA) and fet-h [to the خ, i. e. خَلَّافٌ], (TA,) A well-known kind of tree; (S;) the [kind of tree called] صَفْصَاف: (Msb:) or a species of the صفصاف, but not the صفصاف itself: (K:) [the salix Aegyptia of Linnæus; called by this name in the present day; and by some, improperly, بَانٌ, q. v.:] it abounds in the land of the Arabs; and is [also] called سَوْجَرٌ [or سَوْحَرٌ]; and there are many varieties thereof; all of them soft and weak; (TA;) but it is seldom, or never, found in the desert: (Msb:) they assert that it is thus called because the torrent brings it from one locality to another, so that it grows in a place different from that of its origin; (AHn, Msb, K, * TA;) but this is not a valid assertion: (TA:) [it is a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة. (Msb, TA.) سُوِّينَ مِنْ خِلَافِ, in the saying of the rájiz cited voce خُفٌّ, means Made of different trees: it does not mean of the tree called خِلَاف; because this is seldom, or never, found in the desert. (S, TA.) b2: Also The sleeve of a shirt. (IAar, K.) خُلُوفٌ: see خُلْفٌ.

A2: It is also, as stated above, pl. of خَلْفٌ: (IB, K, TA:) b2: and a pl. of خِلْفٌ. (TA.) خَلِيفٌ: see خَلِيفَةٌ, in three places. b2: Also One who holds back from the place, or time, of promise: and one who breaks a promise. (TA.) b3: And A woman that has let down her hair behind her. (JK, O, K.) b4: And A woman that has attained to the period of one day, or two days, after her having brought forth. (IAar.) [Perhaps from the signification next following.]

b5: A she-camel in the second day after her having brought forth: pl. خُلُفٌ and خُلْفٌ: (K, TA:) these two pls. are mentioned in the K in different places in this art., but both are correct, like رُسُلٌ and رُسْلٌ. (TA.) Hence, (TA,) one says, رَكِبَهَا يَوْمَ خَلِيفِهَا [He rode her on the second day after she had brought forth]. (K.) b6: and The milk that is after the biestings: (AA, K:) pl. as above. (K.) One says also, حَلَبَهَا خَلِيفَ لِبَئِهَا He drew from her the milk that came after the biestings had passed away. (JK.) And اِيتِنَا بِلَبَنِ نَاقَتِكَ يَوْمَ خَلِيفِهَا, i. e. [Bring thou to us the milk of thy she-camel of the day] after the cessation of her biestings; i. e., of the milking that is after her bringing forth by a day or two days. (AA, TA.) A2: Applied to a garment, (S, K,) or a shirt, (Msb,) Having the middle, wornout part taken out, and the [cut] edges then sewed together: (S, Msb, K *:) and ↓ مَخْلُوفٌ signifies the same; (JK;) or a garment composed of two pieces sewed together: or, as some say, this signifies a garment pledged. (TA.) A3: Also, accord. to A 'Obeyd, The part beneath the armpit: and the خَلِيفَانِ of the camel are like the إِبْطَانِ of man: accord. to the S and the O, خَلِيفَا النَّاقَةِ signifies the two armpits of the she-camel (إِبْطَاهَا): but the author of the K, following the [first] explanation given by A 'Obeyd, says that this is wrong, and that the meaning is the parts beneath the two armpits of the she-camel. (TA.) A4: and A gap between two mountains, (JK,) or between two mountain-tops, (TA,) of little breadth and length: (JK, TA:) or a road between two mountains: (S, K:) or a valley between two mountains: (K:) or a place where water pours forth (K, TA) between two mountains, or between two valleys, passing thence into a wide tract: (TA:) and any road in a mountain, (Skr, K,) or behind a mountain, or behind a valley: (TA:) or simply a road; as also ↓ مَخْلَفَةٌ; (JK, K;) this being either in a plain or in a mountain: (TA:) pl. of the former as above. (K.) One says ذِيخُ الخَلِيفِ i. e. [The hairy male hyena] of the road between two mountains, (S, K,) or of the valley between two mountains; (K) like as one says ذِئْبُ غَضًا. (S.) A5: And A sharp arrow: (AHn, K:) or, accord. to Skr, the word in this sense is حَلِيفٌ, with the unpointed ح; and this is more probably correct. (TA.) خَلَافَةٌ: see خُلْفَةٌ.

خِلَافَةٌ inf. n. of خَلَفَهُ as meaning “ he was, or became, his خَلِيفَة ” [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: [And hence, as a simple subst., The office of خَلِيفَة.]

خَلِيفَةٌ A successor: and a vice-agent, vice-gerent, lieutenant, substitute, proxy, or deputy: (KL:) one who has been made, or appointed, to take the place of him who has been before him: (JK:) an act. part. n. of خَلَفَهُ, inf. n. خَلَفٌ and خِلَافَةٌ; as also ↓ خَلِيفٌ: (TA:) or it may have the meaning of an act. part. n. or that of a pass. part. n.: and so in the sense next following: (Msb:) the supreme, or greatest, ruler or sovereign, (S, Msb, K, TA,) who supplies the place of him who has been before him; (TA;) [particularly the successor of the Prophet; whence

“ Caliph,” commonly used by English writers for “ Khaleefeh; ”] as also ↓ خَلِيفٌ, (K,) which is the original form, (Msb,) without ة; (Msb, TA;) disapproved by some, but mentioned by AHát and Ibn-' Abbád and IB, and occurring in a verse of Ows Ibn-Hajar cited by IB: (TA:) the ة in the former is to denote intensiveness of signification, (Nh, Msb, TA,) as in عَلَّامَةٌ and نَسَّابَةٌ: (Msb:) or, as some say, لِلنَّقْلِ [i. e. for the transference of the word from the category of epithets to that of substs.]: (TA:) it is also said that the word may be an epithet of which the subst. qualified thereby is suppressed, for نَفْسٌ خَلِيفَةٌ; but this requires consideration: (MF, TA:) it is an epithet applied to a man peculiarly: (Msb:) some make it fem.; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) saying هٰذَا خَلِيفَةٌ أُخْرَى [This is another Khaleefeh]; though the proper way is to make it masc.: (Msb:) a poet says, أَبُوكَ خَلِيفَةٌ وَلَدَتْهُ أُخْرَى وَأَنْتَ خَلِيفَةٌ ذَاكَ الكَمَالُ [Thy father was a Khaleefeh, whom another Khaleefeh begat; and thou art a Khaleefeh: that is perfection]: (Fr, S:) the pl. is خَلَائِفُ [generally applied to any people that have succeeded others, and supplied their places, as in the Kur x. 15], (S, K,) like as كَرَائِمُ is pl. of كَرِيمَةٌ; (S;) and خُلَفَآءُ [generally applied to successors of the Prophet], (S, K,) because, as it applies only to the male, and has ة added, the ة is dropped in forming the pl., which is thus like ظُرَفَآءُ as pl. of ظَرِيفٌ: (S:) thus says ISk, and the like is said in the O: but what AHát and Ibn-'Abbád say requires not this straining: (TA:) [i. e.]

خَلَائِفُ is pl. of خَلِيفَةٌ; and خُلَفَآءُ, of ↓ خَلِيفٌ: (JK:) or some, having regard to the original, make the pl. to be خُلَفَآءُ, like as شُرَفَآءُ is pl. of شَرِيفٌ; (Msb;) and this pl. is masc. only, so that you say ثَلَاثَةٌ خُلَفَآءَ: (ISk, Msb, TA:) and some, having regard to the word itself [in its altered and used state], make the pl. to be خَلَائِفُ; (Msb;) and this pl. may have prefixed to it either a masc. or a fem. n. of number, so that you say ثَلَاثَةٌ خَلَائِفَ and ثَلَاثُ خَلَائِفَ; (ISk, Msb, TA;) both of which are chaste. (Msb.) You say, كَانَ اللّٰهُ خَلِيفَةَ وَالِدِكَ عَلَيْكَ [May God be to thee a supplier of the place of thy father]: (S, Msb: *) and in like manner you say, to a person, of any one whom he has lost by death, (S, Msb,) and who cannot be replaced; as the paternal uncle; (Msb;) or the mother. (K.) Some say that the application of the title خَلِيفَةُ اللّٰهِ [The Vicegerent of God] is not allowable, except to Adam and David because there is express authority in these instances [in the Kur ii. 28 and xxxviii. 25]; but others allow it in other cases, like سُلْطَانُ اللّٰهِ and جُنُودُ اللّٰهِ and حِزْبُ اللّٰهِ and خَيْلُ اللّٰهِ; all of which have been heard: (Msb:) and Zj says that it is allowable to say of the Imáms that they are خُلَفَآءُ اللّٰهِ فِى أَرْضِهِ [The Vicegerents of God in his earth]. (TA.) خِلِّيفَةٌ: see the middle of the next paragraph.

خَالِفٌ: see خَلْفٌ, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: Also One who remains behind, or after, another, (Yz, K, TA,) or others, in the case of a war, or a warring and plundering expedition, and in other cases: (TA:) pl. خَالِفُونَ (Yz, K, TA) and خَوَالِفُ, which latter is extr. [in this case], but is also said to be a [reg.] pl. of ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, and as such to signify persons who do not go forth on a warring, or warring and plundering, expedition: and الغَازِى ↓ خَالِفَةُ signifies he who remains behind, or after, him who goes forth on such an expedition, being of his family. (TA.) فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الخَالِفِينَ, in the Kur [ix. 84], means Then stay ye with those who remain behind. (Yz, K. *) خَوَالِفُ is also pl. of ↓ خَالِفَةٌ [as fem. of خَالِفٌ], (TA,) and signifies Women (K, TA) remaining behind in the houses or tents: but some assign to it the first of the meanings explained above: and some say that it means the children remaining behind. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 88 and 94], ↓ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الخَوَالِفِ, i. e. [They chose to be] with the women: (S, K: *) thus it is explained by Ibn-'Arafeh: but some say that the meaning is, with the bad, or corrupt, persons; and that خوالف is here a pl. [of خَالِفٌ,] like فَوَارِسُ. (TA.) For b3: خَالِفٌ is applied to a man [as meaning Bad, or corrupt]; and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ to a woman as meaning bad, or corrupt, and remaining behind in her abode: and the former to a slave as meaning bad, or corrupt: and also contrarious: and in this last sense it is likewise applied to a companion: and some of the grammarians say that there is no word of the measure فَاعِلٌ having its pl. of the measure فَوَاعِلُ, except خَالِفٌ and هَالِكٌ and فَارِسٌ: but see this last: (TA:) and ↓ خِلِّيفَةٌ, also, has this last signification; (JK, TA;) or [rather] signifies very contrarious; (K;) as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ; (JK;) and so ↓ خِلَفْنَةٌ, and ↓ خِلَفْنَاةٌ, (Lh, JK, K,) in each of which the ن is augmentative, and each of which is applied to a man and to a woman and to a pl. number; (Lh, K;) but خِلَفْنَيَاتٌ has been mentioned as pl. [of خلفناة], and as applied to males and females: (TA:) and خَالِفُونَ is likewise used in this sense applied to a number of men. (JK.) b4: Also, applied to a slave, [and app. to any man, but in this latter case I find it written خلف, which I believe to be a mistranscription,] One who has withdrawn from the people of his house: so says Lh. (TA.) b5: Also Stupid; foolish; or having little, or no, intellect or understanding; as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, (K, TA,) but in an intensive sense, and also applied to a woman; (TA;) and ↓ أَخْلَفُ, (JK, K,) of which the fem. is خَلْفَآءُ; (JK, TA;) and ↓ خُلْفُفٌ, (K,) or ↓ خُلْفَفٌ, (L,) or both, (JK,) likewise applied to a woman, as also ↓ خُلْفُفَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ خُلْفَفَةٌ: (JK:) or, as some say, خَالِفٌ signifies one in whom is no good: and, as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, one who has not what suffices: or who often breaks his promises: (TA:) or both of these mean one who has not what suffices, and in whom is no good: or very contrarious. (JM.) One says that a man is أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ ↓ خَالِفَةُ and خَالِفُ, اهل بيته, meaning The one in whom is no good, of the people of his house: (S, K:) and the ungenerous: (K:) or the stupid, or foolish: or the bad, or corrupt, and the evil: and it is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْمٌ خَوَالِفٌ Persons in whom is no good. (JK.) b6: And, [app. because he leaves his family behind him,] A drawer of water; (S, TA;) as also ↓ مُسْتَخْلِفٌ [q. v.]: both mentioned in the K; but السَّقَّآءُ is there erroneously put for المُسْتَقِى. (TA.) b7: And Weak, without appetite for food. (TA.) b8: And Flesh-meat from which a slight smell is perceived, but in the chewing of which is no harm. (Lth, TA.) A2: See also خُلْفٌ.

خَالِفَةٌ: see خَلْفٌ, in the former half of the paragraph. Also, particularly, [or perhaps أُمَّةٌ خَالِفَةٌ only in this sense,] A nation, people, or race, remaining after another that has gone before. (I 'Abbád, K.) And One who comes to the water after him who has returned [from it]: whence Aboo-Bekr applied this appellation to himself, from a motive of humility, when asked if he were the Khaleefeh of the Apostle of God. (IAth, TA.) See also خَالِفٌ, in eight places: and see its pl., خَوَالِفُ, in the same paragraph, in two places. b2: Also, applied to a man, [like خِلِّيفَةٌ as explained in the K,] Very contrarious, or adverse, and inimical. (S, * K, * TA.) See also خِلْفٌ. b3: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ خَالِفَةَ هُوَ, the word خالفة being here imperfectly decl., (S, K,) because of the fem. gender and determinate, being explained by النَّاسِ, (S,) or because determinate and occupying the place of a pl., like as one says أَىُّ تَمِيمَ and أَىُّ أَسَدَ, [or rather, I think, because used as a proper name, as MF, says, (though SM disputes this,) and with the sign of the fem. gender,] means I know not what one of mankind he is; (S, K;) as also أَىُّ خَالِفَةٍ, perfectly decl.; and أَىُّ الخَالِفَةِ; and أَىُّ الخَوَالِفِ; (K;) and so أَىُّ خَافِيَةَ; (K, TA, [in the CK اىّ خَالِفَةٍ again,]) imperfectly decl. (TA.) Lh says that الخَالِفَةُ, writing it thus with ال, signifies النَّاسُ. (TA.) A2: Also One of the poles of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: or one of the poles of a بَيْت [or tent] in the hinder part thereof: (K:) Lh says that the خَالِفَة is the hinder part, or in the hinder part, (اَخر, [i. e. آخِرُ or آخِرَ, app. the latter,]) of a بَيْت; and one says بَيْتٌ ذُو خَالِفَتَيْنِ [app. meaning a tent having two poles in its hinder part]: (TA:) the pl. is خَوَالِفُ: (S, TA:) which is hence applied to the angles, or corners, of a بَيْت: Az says that the خَالِفَة of a بيت is [app. the shirt thereof,] beneath the [ropes called]

أَطْنَاب, in the [part called] كِسْر [q. v.]; and it is also called the خياصة, and the فرجة: [thus I find these two words written, without any syll. signs:] and he cites, as an ex., مَا خِفْتُ حَتَّى هَتَكُوا الخَوَالِفَ [app. meaning And I feared not until they rent open the skirts of the tent, or tents]: (TA:) or, as some say, the خَالِفَتَانِ are the two sides of a tent, and its رِوَاق is its fore part, and its كِفَآء is its hinder part. (TA in art. روق.) b2: خَوَالِفُ, (Yz, K,) or خَوَالِفُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ, (TA,) Lands that produce not plants, or herbage, save among the last of lands. (Yz, K, * TA.) A3: See also خُلْفٌ.

أَخْلَفُ: see خَالِفٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also Contrarious, hard in disposition, as though going with a leaning towards one side: (K:) and [simply] leaning towards one side; applied to a camel: (S, K:) so says A'Obeyd; (S, TA;) and so As. (TA.) b3: Also A camel that has the sheath of his penis slit, and that will not remain stationary, by reason of pain: (TA:) and ↓ مَخْلُوفٌ signifies a camel having the sheath of his penis slit in the hinder part, (JK, TA,) when suffering suppression of his urine in consequence of the pressure of his hind girth upon his sheath: so says El-Fezáree. (TA.) b4: And Left-handed. (JK, K.) b5: And Squinteyed; syn. أَحْوَلُ. (K.) b6: Accord. to some, (TA,) A torrent: (K, TA:) or, as some say, a river. (Skr, TA.) b7: And A male serpent. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) [All these meanings seem to have been assigned to the word as occurring in a verse of Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhalee, in which he likens the course of a wolf in a narrow road to the course of the أَخْلَف.]

A2: [Also More, and most, wont to break promises. Hence the prov., mentioned by Meyd, أَخْلَفُ مِنْ عُرْقُوبٍ More wont to break promises than 'Orkoob: a certain man who rendered himself notorious for breaking his promises. See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 454. b2: And More, and most, disagreeing, differing, dissentient, contrary, contrarious, or opposing. See an ex. in a prov. cited voce ثِيلٌ. b3: And app. More, and most, offensive in the odour of the mouth. See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ubi suprà.]

تَخَالِيفُ Different colours. (TA.) مَخْلَفٌ: see مَخْلَفَةٌ.

مُخْلِفٌ A camel that has exceeded in age the بَازِل; [which latter is generally one that has entered the ninth year;] (S, M, K;) beyond which there is no age [having an epithet to denote it]; therefore, (TA,) one says مُخْلِفُ عَامٍ and مُخْلِفُ عَامَيْنِ [that has exceeded in age the بازل by a year and by two years]; (S, TA; [see 4;]) applied alike to the male and the female; (S, K;) and the female is also termed مُخْلَفَةٌ: (K:) or this latter signifies (tropical:) a she-camel that appears, (S, K,) or is thought, (A,) to be pregnant, and is not pregnant: (S, A, K:) and the pl. is مَخَالِيفُ. (TA.) b2: See also مِخْلَافٌ. b3: Also A man whose cattle have not obtained the [herbage termed]

رَبِيع. (JK.) b4: رَجُلٌ مُخْلِفٌ مُتْلِفٌ, or ↓ مِخْلَفٌ مِتْلَفٌ, and مِتْلَافٌ ↓ مِخْلَافٌ: see art. تلف. b5: نَوْمَةُ الضُّحَى مُخْلِفَةٌ لِلْفَمِ, (K, TA,) also written ↓ مَخْلَفَةٌ, and in some copies نَوْمُ الضُّحَى, [which requires the reading مَخْلَفَةٌ,] (TA,) i. e. [The sleep, or sleeping, in the period of the morning when the sun is yet low is] a cause of the mouth's becoming altered [for the worse] in odour. (K, TA.) b6: مُخْلِفُ جَنْبٍ Having one half of his face and of his mouth turning sideways. (JK.) b7: See also the explanation of the verse of El-Hoteiäh cited in the last quarter of the first paragraph. The قَطَا are termed مُخْلِفَاتٌ because they draw water for their young ones. (JK.) مِخْلَفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَخْلَفَةٌ: see مُخْلِفٌ.

A2: See also خَلِيفٌ, near the end of the paragraph. ↓ المَخْلَفُ [as a coll. gen. n.] signifies The roads along which the people pass in Minè; (K) which are three: one says, اُطْلَبْهُ بِالمَخْلَفَةِ الوُسْطَى مِنْ مِنًى [Seek thou him in the middle road of Minè]. (TA.) And مَخْلَفَةٌ بَنِى فُلَانٍ The place of alighting, or descending and stopping or sojourning or abiding or lodging or settling, of the sons of such a one. (K, * TA.) And مَخْلَفَةُ مِنًى The place of alighting, or descending and stopping &c., of the people in Minè. (K.) A3: A place in which are trees of the kind called خِلَاف. (S, K.) مَخْلَفَانُ البَلَدِ The ruler, or sovereign, (سُلْطَان,) of the country; as also ↓ مِخْلَافُهُ. (TA.) مِخْلَافٌ A man who often breaks his promises; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُخْلِفٌ: (TA:) [whence the latter (which properly signifies simply breaking a promise) is applied to a star, or an asterism, as meaning (tropical:) Unattended with rain: (see 4:) and in the same sense to clouds (سَحَاب): or, accord. to Freytag's Lex., in this or in the contr. sense.]

b2: See also مُخْلِفٌ. b3: And see مَخْلَفَان.

A2: Also A كُورَة [i. e. province, district, or region] (S, Mgh, Msb) pertaining to the people of El-Yemen, (S,) or in the dial. of El-Yemen; (Mgh, Msb;) pl. مَخَالِيفُ; (S, Msb;) every مخلاف thereof having a [distinctive] name whereby it is known; (S;) the مخاليف of the people of El-Yemen being like the أَجْنَد of the people of Syria and the كُوَر of the people of El-'Irák and the رَسَاتِيق of the people of El-Jibál and the طَسَاسِيج of the people of El-Ahwáz: (IB:) or مِخْلَافٌ signifies a كُورَة (JK, M, K) to which a man comes; (M;) [in any country;] and hence the مخاليف of ElYemen, (K,) i. e. its كُوَر: (TA:) some say that there is a مخلاف in every country; (Msb;) so says Khálid Ibn-Jembeh; (TA;) i. e. a نَاحِيَة [as meaning a district &c.]; (Msb;) and thus one says the مخلاف of El-Medeeneh, and of ElYemámeh, (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, TA,) and the مخاليف of Et-Táïf: (AA, Msb, TA:) but properly it is peculiar to the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. بنكرد [a foreign word, and perhaps mistranscribed], i. e. The poor-rate of any particular people or party, which is given by them to [the poor of] their own community: so says Aboo-Mo'ádh: (L:) and ↓ مَخَالِفُ [is its pl., as also, app., مَخَالِيفُ, agreeably with rule, and] signifies the poor-rates of the Arabs; (JK, TA;) [as in the saying,] اُسْتُعْمِلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى مَخَالِفِ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ [Such a one was employed as collector of the poor-rates of the sons of such a one]. (JK.) مَخْلُوفٌ: see خَلِيفٌ: b2: and أَخْلَفُ.

A2: Also A man affected with a looseness, or diarrhœa. (JK, TA.) مَخَالِفُ: see مِخْلَافٌ, last sentence.

مَخَالِيفُ: pl. of مِخْلَافٌ. (S, Msb, K, &c.) A2: Also Camels that have pastured upon fresh herbs, or leguminous plants, and have not fed upon dry herbage, and to which their pasturing upon the former has been of no avail. (IAar, TA.) قَوْلٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ [Discordant speech;] speech expressing different opinions. (Bd and Jel in li. 8.) b2: [طُرُقٌ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ Roads leading in different directions.]

مُسْتَخْلِفٌ: see خَالِفٌ, near the end of the paragraph. b2: ذَهَبَ المُسْتَخْلِفُونَ يَسْتَقُونَ a saying mentioned by Lh as meaning Those going before [or leaving others in their places] went away to draw water. (TA.)

خلق

1 خَلْقٌ signifies The act of measuring; or determining the measure, proportion, or the like, of a thing; and the making a thing by measure, or according to the measure of another thing; or proportioning a thing to another thing; syn. تَقْدِيرٌ: (S, Msb, K, TA, and Bd in ii. 19:) this is the primary meaning. (Msb, TA, and Bd ubi suprà.) You say, خَلَقَ الأَدِيمِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. خَلْقٌ (JK, S, Msb, K) and خَلْقَةٌ, (K,) He measured, or proportioned, (قَدَّرَ,) the hide, and sewed it: (K:) or he measured, or proportioned, (قدّر,) the hide, (JK, S, Msb, K,) لِمَا يُرِيدُ [for, or to, that which he desired to make of it], (JK, * TA,) or لِلسِّقَآءِ [for, or to, the skin for water or milk that he desired to make], (Msb,) before cutting it; (S, K, TA;) he measured it (قَاسَهُ) to cut from it a water-bag, or a water-skin, or a boot: (TA:) and in like manner, خَلَقَ النِّطَعَ he measured, &c., the نطع [q. v.]: when one cuts it, one says, فَرَاهُ. (K.) And خَلَقَ النَّعْلَ He determined the measure of the sandal, or proportioned it; (قَدَّرَهَا;) and made it by measure. (Ksh and Bd in ii. 19.) Hence the saying of Zuheyr, (S,) praising Herim Ibn-Sinán, (TA,) وَلَأَنْتَ تَفْرِى مَا خَلَقْتَ وَبَعْ(??) (??)ضُ القَوْمِ يَخْلُقُ ثُمَّ لَا يَفْرِى

[(assumed tropical:) And thou indeed cuttest what thou hast measured; but some of the people measure, then will not cut]: (S, TA:) i. e., when thou determinest upon a thing thou executest it; but others determine upon that which they do not execute. (TA.) And El-Hajjáj said, مَا خَلَقْتُ إِلَّا قَرَيْتُ وَعَدْتُ

إِلَّا وَفَيْتُ [(assumed tropical:) I have not measured unless I have afterwards cut, and I have not promised unless I have afterwards performed]. (S.) أَخْلُقُ لَكُمْ مِنَ الطِّينِ كَهَيْئَةِ الطَّيْرِ, in the Kur iii. 43, means I will form for you, (Jel,) or I will make according to its proper measure (أُقَدِّرُ) for you, (Ksh, Bd,) and will form, (Bd,) of clay, a thing like the form of the bird, or of birds. (Ksh, Bd, Jel.) b2: [Hence,] it signifies also The bringing a thing into existence according to a certain measure, or proportion, and so as to make it equal [to another thing], or uniform [therewith]: (Ksh and Bd in ii. 19:) or the originating, or producing, [a thing] after a pattern, or model, which one has devised, not after the similitude of anything preexisting: this is another meaning which it has in the [classical] language of the Arabs. (TA.) As the act of God, it signifies The originating, or bringing into being or existence, anything, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing: (TA:) [and the creating a thing; and thus it is generally best rendered; as meaning the bringing into existence from a state of non-existence: for]

خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. خَلْقٌ, means God brought the thing into existence (Mgh, * TA) after it had not been: (TA:) [or خَلْقٌ, as the act of God, signifies the creating out of nothing: for it is said that] أُعْبُدُوا رَبَّكُمُ الَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ, in the Kur ii. 19, means [Serve ye your Lord] who brought you into existence when ye were nothing. (Jel. [But in other passages of the Kur (vi. 2 &c.) it is said that God created (خَلَقَ) mankind of clay.]) Accord. to the A, خَلَقَ اللّٰهُ الخَلْقَ is a tropical phrase, meaning (tropical:) God brought into existence the creation, or created beings, or mankind, according to a predetermination (تَقْدِير) required by wisdom. (TA.) You say, هٰذِهِ خَلِيقَتُهُ الَّتِى خُلِقَ عَلَيْهَا and خُلِقَهَا and الَّتِى خُلِقَ: see خُلُقٌ. (Lh.) b3: [Hence, also,] خَلَقَ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. خَلْقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He fabricated speech, or a saying or sentence, &c.: (K, * TA:) (tropical:) he forged (S, Msb, K, TA) a saying, (Msb,) or a lie, or a falsehood; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ اختلق (S, Msb, K) and ↓ تخلّق. (S, K.) The Arabs say, حَدَّثَنَا فُلَانٌ بِأَحَادِيثِ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) Such a one related to us fictitious tales or stories, such as are deemed pretty, or such as are told by night [for entertainment]. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxvi. 137], accord. to one reading, إِنْ هٰذَا إِلَّا خَلْقُ الأَوَّلِينَ, meaning (tropical:) This is nought but the lying, and forging, of the ancients. (TA.) and in the same [xxxviii. 6], ↓ إِنْ هٰذَا إِلَّا اخْتِلَاقٌ (tropical:) This is nought but forging, and lying. (TA.) b4: خَلَقَهُ, (K,) inf. n. خَلْقٌ, (TA,) also signifies He made it smooth; (K;) and so ↓ خلّقهُ; namely, an arrow, (S,) [and any other thing; for] of anything that has been made smooth one says, خُلِّقَ: (TA:) he made it equable, or even; namely, wood, or a stick; and so ↓ خلّقهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَخْلِيقٌ. (TA.) A2: خَلُقَتْ, inf. n. خَلَاقَةٌ, said of a woman, (JK, K,) She had [a goodly] body and make: (JK:) or she was, or became, goodly in make, or well made. (K. [In the CK, instead of حَسُنَ خَلْقُهَا, is put حَسُنَ خُلُقُها, meaning She was, or became, good in nature, &c.]) b2: And خَلِقَ, aor. ـَ (JK, K,) inf. n. خَلَقٌ; (JK, S; *) and خَلُقَ, aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. خُلُوقَةٌ (TA) [and خَلَاقَةٌ, and perhaps خُلْقَةٌ q. v. infrà]; It (a thing) was, or became, smooth, (JK, K, TA,) and equable, or even. (TA.) [See also 12.

And it seems that one says, خَلِقَتِ الصَّخْرَةُ, inf. n. خَلَقٌ, q. v. infrà, meaning The rock was free from crack or fracture.] b3: And خَلُقَ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K;) and خَلِقَ, aor. ـَ and خَلَقَ, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. (of the first, JK, S) خُلُوقَةٌ (JK, S, K) and خَلَاقَةٌ (JK, TA) and [of the second] خَلَقٌ (K) and [of the third] خُلُوقٌ; (JK, TA;) It (a garment) was, or became, old, and worn out; as also ↓ اخلق, (JK, S, Msb,) inf. n. إِخْلَاقٌ; (JK, TA;) and ↓ اخلولق. (TA.) [Hence,] دِيبَاجُهُ ↓ اخلق [lit.] His face became worn out; meaning (tropical:) it became used for mean service [so that it lost its grace, or was disgraced,] by his begging. (Har p. 476. [See also 4 below.]) [Hence also,] شَبَابَهُ ↓ اخلق (assumed tropical:) His youth declined, or departed. (TA.) b4: And خَلُقَ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. خَلاقَةٌ, (Ham p. 522,) He was, or became, خَلِيق, i. e. جَدِير [meaning adapted or disposed by nature, apt, meet, &c.: see خَلِيقٌ, below]. (S, K.) You say, خَلُقَ لذٰلِكَ [and بِذٰلِكَ (see خَلِيقٌ) He was, or became, adapted, disposed, &c., for that]; as though he were one of those in whom that was reckoned to be, and in whom the symptoms, signs, or tokens, thereof were seen. (S.) [And خَلُقَ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ and بِأَنْ يفعل ذلك and لِأَنْ يفعل ذلك and مَنْ أَنْ يفعل ذلك He was, or became, adapted, &c., to do that: see خَلِيقٌ. And خَلُقَ may signify also It was, or became, probable; or likely to happen or be, or to have happened or been: see, again, خَلِيقٌ.]2 خلّقهُ: see 1, latter half, in two places.

A2: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. تَخْلِيقٌ, (K,) He rubbed him over with خَلُوق [q. v.]: (S:) or he perfumed him: (K:) or خلّقهُ بِخَلُوقٍ he perfumed him with خلوق (TA.) And خَلَّقْتُ المَرْأَةَ بِالخَلُوقِ [I perfumed the woman, or rubbed her over, with the خلوق]. (Msb.) And خَلَّقَتْ جِسْمَهَا She (a woman) rubbed her body and limbs over with خلوق. (TA.) 3 خَالَقَهُمْ, (K,) inf. n. مُخَالَقَةٌ, (TA,) He consorted [or comported himself] with them (K, TA) according to their natures, or moral characters or qualities; (TA;) or with good nature, or moral character or qualities: (K:) or خالقهم بِخُلُقٍ حَسَنٍ has this latter meaning. (TA.) One says, خَالِصِ المُؤْمِنَ وَخَالِقِ الفَاجِرَ, (S,) or وخالق الكَافِرَ, (TA,) [Act thou with reciprocal sincerity towards the believer, and comport thyself with the vitious, or the unbeliever, according to his nature, &c. See also 3 in art. خلص, where a similar saying is mentioned.]4 اخلق: see 1, latter part, in three places. b2: Also He had old and worn-out garments. (TA.) A2: اخلقهُ He wore it out; namely, a garment; the verb being trans. as well as intrans. (S, Msb, K.) [Hence,] اخلق الدَّهْرُ الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) Time wore out, or wasted, the thing. (TA.) [Hence also,] one says to the beggar, أَخْلَقْتَ وَجْهَكَ (tropical:) (TA) [lit. Thou hast worn out thy face;] meaning (tropical:) thou hast used thy face for mean service [so that it has lost its grace, or has become disgraced]: and in like manner one says, أُخْلِقُ لَهُ دِيَبَاجَتِى, i. e. وَجْهِى: and يُخْلِقُ دِيبَاجَتَيْهِ (tropical:) He uses his face for mean service by begging. (Har pp. 15 and 476.) b2: Also, (K,) or اخلقهُ ثَوْبًا, (S,) He clad him with an old and worn-out garment. (S, K.) and اخلقِنى ثَوْبَهُ He gave me his old and worn-out garment. (JK.) And some say, اخلقهُ خَلَقًا He gave him an old and worn-out garment. (TA.) b3: And إِخْلَاقٌ الثَّوْبِ also signifies The cutting out of the garment: whence the saying, to UmmKhálid, أَبْلِى وَأَخْلِقِى [Wear out, and cut out new]; or, as some relate it, وَأَخْلِفِى, i. e., “and replace,” which is the more likely. (TA.) A3: مَا أَخْلَقَهُ and أَخْلِقْ بِهِ [have both of the following significations; though it is said that] the former signifies How likely is he, or it! (JK, TA;) and the latter, How well adapted or disposed, or how apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, competent, or proper, or how worthy, is he, or it! i. q. أَجْدِرْ بِهِ and أَحْرِ بِهِ. (TA. [See 4 in arts. جدر and حرى.]) 5 تَخَلَّقَ see 1, a little after the middle of the paragraph. b2: تخلّق بِغَيْرِ خُلُقِهِ means He affected a خُلُق [or nature, &c.,] that was not his own. (S, K.) And تخلّق بِكَذَا He feigned such a thing, it not being in his nature, or not being created in him. (TA.) And تخلّق لِلنَّاسِ بِمَا لَيْسَ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ, occurring in a trad., [He affected, to men, a nature, &c., that did not belong to him; or] he pretended [to men] that there was in his nature فِى

خُلُقِهِ) that which was contrary to his real intention; (Mbr, TA;) or that which was contrary to what he had in his heart: the verb is similar to تَصَنَّعَ and تَجَمَّلَ. (TA.) A2: تخلّق بِهِ; (S, K;) and تخلّقت به; (Msb;) He was, or became, rubbed over, (S,) or perfumed; (K;) and she was, or became, so; (Msb;) [or he rubbed himself over, or perfumed himself; and she did so;] with it; (S, Msb, K;) namely, with خَلُوق. (S, Msb.) 8 إِخْتَلَقَ see 1, latter half, in two places.12 اخلولق, said of the back (مَتْن) of a horse, It was, or became, smooth; (K;) [like خَلِقَ and خَلُقَ; or very smooth; for] the verb is of a form intensive in signification. (TA. [See its part. n., مَخْلَوْلِقٌ, below.]) b2: Said of a رَسْم [i. e. a trace, or a remain or relic marking the place of a house or the like and cleaving to the ground,] It was, or became, even with the ground. (S, K.) b3: اخلولق السَّحَابُ The clouds became equable, or uniform, (JK, S, K, TA,) their sides becoming conjoined; or, as some say, they became smooth; (TA;) and, (K,) or as some say, (S, TA,) they became adapted, or disposed, to rain; (S, K, TA;) as though they were rendered smooth: or they became collected together after separation, and prepared to rain. (TA.) And اخلولقت السَّمَآءُأَنْ تَمْطُرَ The sky was near, and likely, to rain. (TA.) b4: See also 1, latter part.

خَلْقٌ inf. n. of خَلَقَ. (JK, S, Msb, K, &c.) You say رَجُلٌ تَامُّ الخَلْقِ [A man complete, or perfect, in respect of make, or proportion, &c.]. (S, K. * [See also خِلْقَةٌ.]) [In this and similar instances,] الخَلْق signifies The fashion of the outer man, and its [peculiar] qualities and attributes; like as الخُلُقُ signifies “ the fashion of the inner man,” &c. (TA.) b2: الخَلْقُ is also used in the sense of ↓ المَخْلُوقُ [meaning What is created; the creature]: (TA, and Bd in xxiii. 17, &c.:) [and, collectively, the creation; as meaning the beings, or things, that are created;] all created things: (Bd ubi suprà, &c.:) and [particularly] mankind; as also ↓ الخلِيقَةُ: (S, * K:) and mankind and the jinn, or genii, and others: (Jel in lv. 9, &c.:) and ↓ الخلِيقَةُ and [its pl.] خَلَائِقُ signify the same: you say, هُمْ خَلِيقَةُ اللّٰهِ and also هُمْ خَلقُ اللّٰهِ [They are the creatures of God]: الخَلْقُ being originally an inf. n.: (S, TA:) and Lh mentions [an instance of its having a pl., in] the saying, لَا وَالَّذِى خَلَقَ الخُلُوقَ مَا فَعَلْتُ كَذَا, meaning [No, by Him who created] all creatures, [I did not such a thing.] (TA.) In the saying, فَلَيُغَيِّرُنَّ خَلْقَ اللّٰهِ, in the Kur [iv. 118, lit. and they shall alter the creature of God], some say that castration is meant: (TA: [and Bd includes, with this, other unnatural actions:]) or the meaning is, the religion of God; (Bd, Jel, TA;) accord. to El-Hasan and Mujáhid. (TA.) and لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللّٰهِ, in the Kur [xxx. 29], means, accord. to Katádeh, [There shall be no changing, or altering,] of the religion of God. (TA.) b3: خَلْقٌ also signifies Anything made smooth. (TA.) [See also مُخَلَّقٌ.]

خُلْقٌ: see خُلُقٌ, in four places.

خَلَقُ inf. n. of خَلِقَ: as such, signifying The being smooth [&c.]. (JK, S. *) [As such also,] in a rock, Freedom from crack or fracture. (S, K.) b2: [And, as such,] The being old, and worn out. (K.) b3: [Hence, used as an epithet,] Old, and worn out: (S, Msb, K:) [and as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant; meaning an old and worn-out garment or piece of cloth:] pl. خُلْقَانٌ (S, K) and أَخْلَاقٌ. (S, * K, * TA.) And [as an epithet] it is masc. and fem.; (S, K;) because it is originally an inf. n., the inf. n. of أَخْلَقُ meaning “ smooth,” (S,) [or rather of خَلِقَ meaning “ it was, or became, old, and worn out; ” although it has pls.; and] IB mentions an instance of its dual, خَلَقَانِ: (TA:) Ks says, We have not heard them say, خَلَقَةٌ in any instance: (Lh, TA:) Fr says that it is without ة [as a fem. epithet] because it was originally used as a prefixed noun; for one said, أَعْطِنِى

خَلَقَ جُبَّتِكَ and خَلَقَ عِمَامَتِكَ [lit. meaning Give thou to me what is old, and worn out, of thy جبّة and of thy turban]; but Ez-Zejjájee says that this is nought. (TA.) You say ثَوْبٌ خَلَقٌ [An old and worn-out garment or piece of cloth], and مِلْحَفَةٌ خَلَقٌ [an old and worn-out outer wrapping garment]: (S:) also رُمَّةٌ خَلَقٌ [an old and worn-out piece of rope]: and دَارٌ خَلَقٌ [an old and decayed house]: and جِسْمٌ خَلَقٌ [an old and wasted body]. (TA.) One says also ثَوْبٌ

أَخْلَاقٌ, meaning A garment, or piece of cloth, altogether, or wholly, old and worn out; (Fr, S, K;) every portion of it being خَلَق; (Fr;) like as they said بُرْمَةٌ أَعْشَارٌ &c.: (S:) and in like manner, مُلَآءَةٌ أَخْلَاقٌ. (IAar.) And Ks mentions the saying, أَصْبَحَتْ ثِيَابُهُمْ خُلْقَانًا وَ خَلَقُهُمْ جُدُدًا [Their garments became old, and worn out; and their old and worn-out garments became replaced by new]; with the sing. [in the latter clause] in the place of the pl. خُلْقَان: (TA:) or جُدُدًا may be here put for جَدِيدًا. (L in art. جد.) In the phrase ↓ مِلْحَفَةٌ خُلَيْقٌ [An outer wrapping garment that is a little, or somewhat, old, and worn out], the dim. is without ة because it is [the dim. of] an epithet [applied without ة to a fem. n.], and ة is not affixed to the dims. of epithets [of this kind]: it is like نُصَيُفٌ dim. of نَصَفٌ an epithet applied to a woman. (S, K. * [See Lumsden's Arab. Gram. p. 623: but some of the grammarians consider these instances as anomalous.]) b4: بَاعَهُ بِيعَةَ الخَلَقِ, and بَيْعَ ذِى الخَلَقِ, the latter as used by a poet, [lit. He bought it, or sold it, (app. the former,) as one buys, or sells, the old and worn-out garment, like as we say “ dogcheap,” and “ cheap as dirt ”], are phrases mentioned, but not explained, by IAar, who cites the following saying: أَبْلِغْ فَزَارَةَ أَنِّى قَدْ شَرَيْتُ لَهَا مَجْدَ الحَيَاةِ بِسَيْفِى بَيْعَ ذِى الخَلَقِ [app. meaning Tell thou Fezárah that I have purchased for them life-long glory (lit. the glory of life), with my sword, as cheaply, i. e as easily, as one purchases the old and worn-out garment]. (TA.) b5: سَحَابَةٌ خَلَقَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

خَلِقٌ [part. n. of خَلِقَ]. b2: [Hence,] سحَابَةٌ خَلِقَةٌ A cloud in which is a sign, or trace, of rain; as also ↓ خَلِيقَةٌ: (S, K:) or a cloud giving hope of rain; as also ↓ خَلْقَآءُ; (JK;) both are said by IAar to signify the same: (TA:) and ↓ خَلَقَةٌ [alone, as a subst., or probably سَحَابَةٌ خَلَقَةٌ,] a cloud that is equable, or uniform, giving hope of rain. (Aboo-Sa'eed, K.) خُلُقٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ خُلْقٌ (S, K) A nature; or a natural, a native, or an innate, disposition or temper or the like; syn. سَجِيَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and طَبْعٌ; (K, TA;) of which one is created: (TA:) and ↓ خِلْقَةٌ signifies [the same; i. e.] the فِطْرَةٌ [or nature, &c.,] (S, Msb, K, TA) of which a man is created; (TA;) like [خُلُقٌ and] ↓ خُلْقٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK, erroneously, خَلْق:]) and ↓ خَلِيقَةٌ [also] signifies [the same; i. e.] the طَبِيعَة [or nature, &c.,] (S, K, TA) with which a man is created: (TA:) the proper signification of خُلُقٌ is [the moral character; or] the fashion of the inner man; i. e. his mind, or soul, and its peculiar qualities and attributes; like as خَلْقٌ signifies the “ fashion of the outer man, and its [peculiar] qualities and attributes: ”

it signifies also custom or habit [as being a second nature]: (TA:) and, as also ↓ خُلْقٌ, [which is merely a contraction thereof, and therefore identical with it in all its senses,] manliness; syn. مُرُوْءَةٌ: and religion: (IAar, K:) the pl. is أَخْلَاقٌ only: (TA:) [this is often used as signifying morals: and ethics:] and the pl. of ↓ خَلِيقَةٌ in the sense explained above [said in Har p. 193 to be that of خُلُقٌ] is خَلَائِقٌ. (S.) It is said in a trad., لَيْسَ شَىْءٌ فِى المِيزَانِ أَثْقَلَ مِنْ حُسْنِ الخُلُقِ [Nothing is heavier in the balance in which good and evil will be weighed than goodness of the moral character, &c.] (TA.) And one says, عَلَيْهَا ↓ الَّتِى خُلِقَ ↓ هٰذِهِ خَلِيقَتُهُ and ↓ خُلِقَهَا and ↓ الَّتِى خُلِقَ This is his nature, &c., of which he was created. (Lh.) And ↓ إِنَّهُ لَكَرِيمُ الخَلِيقَةِ Verily he is generous in respect of nature, &c. (Az.) And صَارَ ذٰلِكَ لَهُ خُلُقًا That became to him [a second nature, a habit, or] a thing to which he was habituated. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxvi. 137], إِنْ هٰذَا إِلَّا خُلُقُ الأَوَّلِينَ This is nought but a custom of the ancients. (TA.) And in the same [lxviii. 4], وَ إِنَّكَ لَعَلَى خُلُقٍ عَظِيمٍ and verily thou art of a great religion. (Jel, TA.) And in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, كَانَ خُلُقُهُ القَرْآنَ, meaning That whereto he clung was the Kur-án, with its rules of discipline and its command and its prohibitions, and the excellences and beauties and gracious things comprised in it. (TA.) b2: نَوْمَةُ الخُلقِ [i. e. الخُلُقِ or ↓ الخُلْقِ] The sleep of midday, which was prescribed by the Prophet. (Har p. 223. [See also حُمْقٌ and خُرْقٌ.]) خُلْقَةٌ Smoothness; (K, TA;) as also ↓ خُلُوقَةٌ and ↓ خَلَاقَةٌ: (K:) but the second of these three, correctly speaking, [as also the third, accord. to analogy, and perhaps the first also,] is an inf. n. of خَلُقَ. (TA.) خِلْقَةٌ [primarily signifies A mode, or manner, of خَلْق, generally as meaning creation; a particular make: and hence,] constitution; syn. تَرْكِيبٌ: (Mgh:) [and particularly the natural constitution of an animated being, as created in the womb of the mother; also termed فِطْرَةٌ:] see also خُلُقٌ. You say رَجُلٌ حَسَنُ الخِلْقَةِ [A man goodly, or beautiful, in respect of make]. (A, TA.) فِى مَسْلَكٍ هُوَ خِلْقَةٌ means فِى طَرِيقٍ

أَصْلِىٍّ ↓ خِلْقِىٍّ [In a way, or road, that is natural, and original]. (Mgh.) خَلَقَةٌ: see خَلِقٌ.

خِلْقِىٌّ Natural; not accidental: [constitutional: of, or relating to, or belonging to, the natural constitution of an animated being, as created in the womb of the mother:] rel. n. of خِلْقَةٌ. (Msb.) You say عَيْبٌ خِلْقِىٌّ A natural fault or imperfection &c. (Msb.) And صِفَةٌ خِلْقِيَّةٌ [A natural quality]; opposed to اخْتِيَارِيَّةٌ. (Msb in art. مدح.) See also خِلْقَةٌ.

خَلَقِىٌّ One who wears old and worn-out clothes. (TA.) خُلْقَانِىٌّ A seller of old and worn-out clothes. (TA.) خَلَاقٌ A share, or portion: (JK, S, Msb:) and a good, just, or righteous, share or portion: (JK:) or a full, a complete, or an abundant, share or portion of good, (K, TA,) and of goodness, or righteousness: (TA:) and religion: or a share, or portion, thereof. (TA.) One says, لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُ فِى الآخِرَةِ There is no share, or portion, [of good] for him in the final state of existence. (S. [See the Kur iii. 71, &c.]) and لَا خَلَاقَ لَهُ He has no desire for good, nor righteousness in religion. (TA.) خِلَاقٌ: see the next paragraph.

خَلُوقٌ A certain species of perfume; (JK, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) also termed ↓ خِلَاقٌ; (Lh, Msb, K;) accord. to some of the lawyers, (Msb,) fluid, (Mgh, Msb,) but of thick consistence; (L, voce نَضْخٌ;) and in which is a yellowness: (Mgh, Msb:) it is composed of saffron and other things; and redness and yellowness are predominant in it: it is forbidden [to men], because it is of the perfumes of women, who use it more than do men. (TA.) خَلِيقٌ, applied to a man, (S, TA,) Perfect, or complete, in make; (TA;) as also ↓ مُخْتَلَقٌ: (Ham p. 561:) or perfect, or complete, in make, and just in proportion; (S, TA;) and so ↓ the latter; (S, K, TA; [in the CK, erroneously, مُخْتَلِق; in the TA expressly said to be of the pass. form;]) fem. of the former with ة: (TA:) or ↓ both signify goodly, or beautiful, in make: or the former is not applied to a man; but ↓ each, with ة, signifies a woman having [a goodly] body and make: (TA, in which this signification is said to be tropical:) and خَلِيقٌ and خَلِيقَةٌ are alike, (JK, TA,) accord. to Lh, (TA,) in this last sense: (JK:) or the former of these two may be pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of the latter, like as شَعِيرٌ is of شَعِيرَةٌ: (TA:) and ↓ مُخْتَلَقٌ signifies anything just in proportion: (IF, TA:) ↓ مُخَلَّقٌ, also, signifies perfect, or complete, in make; applied to a camel (جمل): (TA:) [or جمل, here may be a mistranscription for حَمْل; for] ↓ مُضْغَةٌ مُخَلَّقَةٌ signifies [a fœtus when it has become like a lump of flesh] perfect, or complete, in make; (Fr, S, K;) so in the Kur xxii. 5; (Fr, TA;) or of which the make has become apparent. (IAar, TA.) b2: Also Adapted or disposed [by nature], apt, meet, suited, suitable, fitted, fit, proper, competent, or worthy; (KL, PS;) syn. جَدِيرٌ (S, K) and حَرِىٌّ (TA) [and حَقِيقٌ &c.: pl. خُلَقَآءُ, and Freytag adds خُلُقٌ]. You say, فُلَانٌ خَلِيقٌ لِكَذَا, i. e. جَدِيرٌ بِهِ [Such a one is adapted or disposed by nature, &c., for such a thing]; as though he were one of those in whom that was reckoned to be, and in whom the symptoms, signs, or tokens, thereof were seen. (S.) [And هُوَ خَلِيقٌ لِلْخَيْرِ He is adapted or disposed by nature to good; i. e., to be, or to do, or to effect, or to produce, what is good.] and إِنَّهُ لَخَلِيقٌ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ ذٰلِكَ and بِأَنْ يفعل ذلك and لِأَنْ يفعل ذلك and منْ أَنْ يفعل ذلك [Verily he is adapted or disposed &c. for doing that; or worthy to do it]: so says Lh: and he adds that the Arabs say, يَا خَلِيقُ بِذٰلِكَ, using the nom. case; and يَا خَلِيقًا بِذٰلِكَ, using the accus. case; [the latter being the usual form; both meaning O thou who art adapted or disposed &c. for that;] but ISd says, I know not the reason of this. (TA.) And لِذَاكَ ↓ هٰذَا مَخْلَقَةٌ, i. e. مَجْدَرَةٌ لَهُ [This is one that is adapted or disposed &c. for that]: (S, K: *) and لَكَ ↓ هٰذَا الأَمْرُ مَخْلَقَةٌ [This affair, or thing, is one that is adapted &c. for thee]: and مِنْ ذٰلِكَ ↓ إِنَّهُ مَخْلَقَةٌ [Verily it is adapted &c. for that]: like مَجْدَرَةٌ and مَحْرَاةٌ and مَقْمَنَةٌ: and in like manner one says of two, and of more than two, and of a feminine: so says Lh. (TA.) [↓ مَخْلَقَةٌ properly signifies A place, and hence a thing, an affair, and a person, adapted or disposed &c.: it is of the same class as مَعْسَاةٌ and مَظِنَّةٌ and مَئِنَّةٌ.] خَلِيقٌ also signifies Habituated, or accustomed. (PS, TA. *) And one says, إِنَّهُ لَخَلِيقٌ, i. e. لَحَرِىٌّ, meaning Verily it is probable; or likely to happen or be, or to have happened or been. (TA.) And هُوَ خَلِيقٌ لَهُ He, or it, is like to him, or it. (JK, TA.) b3: سَحَابَةٌ خَلِيقَةٌ: see خَلِقٌ. b4: [See also خَلِيقَةٌ, which, in several senses, is a fem. epithet used as a subst.]

خُلَيْقٌ: see خَلَقٌ (of which it is the dim.), in the latter half of the paragraph.

خَلَاقَةٌ: see خُلْقَةٌ.

خُلُوقَةٌ: see خُلْقَةٌ.

خَلِيقَةٌ: see خَلْقٌ, in two places. b2: Also The beasts, or brutes. (En-Nadr, K.) The saying, respecting the خَوَارِج [a sect of heretics, or schismatics], هُمْ شَرُّ الخَلْقِ وَ الخَلِيقَةٌ is explained by En-Nadr as meaning [They are the worst of mankind and] of the beasts, or brutes. (TA.) b3: And A well (بِئْرٌ) just dug: (AA, K:) or a well in which is no water: or a hollow, cavity, pit, or hole, formed by nature in the ground: or a small hollow or cavity, in a mountain, in which water remains and stagnates: accord. to IAar, خلق [app. خُلُقٌ, pl. of خَلِيقَةٌ, like as مُدُنٌ and صُحُفٌ are pls. of مَدِينَةٌ and صَحِيفَةٌ,] signifies wells recently dug. (TA.) b4: And Land (أَرْضٌ) that is dug. (TA.) b5: See also خُلُقٌ, in four places.

خُلَيْقَآءُ [dim. of خَلْقَآءُ fem. of أَخْلَقُ]: see أَخْلَقُ, in three places.

خَلَائِقُ [pl. of خَلِيقَةٌ].

A2: الخَلَائِقُ i. q. حَمَائِرُ المَآءِ, i. e. Four large and smooth masses of stone at the head of the well, upon which the drawer of the water stands. (TA.) Accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, حَوْضٌ بَادِى الخَلَائِقِ means [A watering-trough of which] the [stones termed] نَصَائِب [appear]. (JK, TA. [See نَصِيبَةٌ.]) خُلَّقٌ: see أَخْلَقُ.

خَلَّاقٌ: see the next paragraph.

خَالِقٌ [act. part. n. of خَلَقَ:] A worker in leather and the like; (K, TA;) because he measures first, and then cuts. (TA.) To خَالِقَات, meaning Women working in leather, as engaged in dividing a hide (أَدِيم), El-Kumeyt likens genealogists. (TA.) b2: الخَالِقُ, as an epithet applied to God, (K, Msb, TA,) properly, He who brings into existence according to the proper measure, or proportion, or adaptation; (TA;) [and hence, the Creator; or] the Originator, not after the similitude of anything pre-existing: (K:) or He who hath brought into existence all things after they had not been in existence: (Az, TA:) and ↓ الخَلَّاقُ signifies the same; (Msb, * TA;) [i. e. the Creator of all things; or, as an intensive epithet, the Great Creator;] or the Creator of many creatures: (Ksh and Bd and Jel, in xxxvi. 81:) Az says that this epithet, with the article ال, may not be applied to any but God. (Msb.) Accord. to IAmb, تَبَارَكَ اللّٰهُ

أَحْسَنُ الخَالِقِينَ means احسن المُقَدَّرِينَ [i. e. Blessed be God, the Best of those who make things according to their proper measures, or proportions, or adaptations]. (TA.) خَوَالِقُ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned] Smooth mountains: so in the saying of Lebeed, وَ الأَرْضُ تَحْتَهُمْ مِهَادًا رَاسِيًا ثَبَتَتْ خَوَالِقُهَا بِصُمِّ الجَنْدَلَ

[And the earth beneath them a firm expanse; its smooth mountains being rendered fast by hard and solid stones]. (K, TA. [In the CK, بضَمِّ is erroneously put for بِصُمِّ.]) أَخْلَقُ Smooth: (JK, K:) smooth and solid; (S, K, TA;) applied in this sense to anything: (TA:) smooth and firm: (JK:) fem. خَلْقَآءُ. (JK, S, K.) You say حَجَرٌ أَخْلَقُ Stone that is smooth (K, TA) and solid, upon which nothing makes an impression. (TA.) And صَخْرَةٌ خَلْقَآءُ A rock, or great mass of stone, smooth (K, TA) and solid: (TA:) or free from crack and fracture. (S, K, TA.) And فِرْسِنٌ خَلْقَآءُ A camel's foot in which is no crack. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) And هَضْبَةٌ خَلْقَآءُ [A hill, or the like,] destitute of herbage or vegetation. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) Poor; syn. فَقِيرٌ. (K.) You say رَجُلٌ أَخْلَقُ مِنَ المَالِ (assumed tropical:) A man destitute of property. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., لَيْسَ الفَقِيرَ فَقِيرُ المَالِ إِنَّمَا الفَقِيرُ الأَخْلَقُ الكَسْبِ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The poor in respect of property is not the poor the poor is only] he who has no good deeds for which he will be rewarded in the world to come. (TA, in two places.) b3: الأَخْلَقُ also signifies The exterior of a horse's hoof. (JK.) b4: And خَلْقَآءُ, (JK, S, K,) applied to a woman, (JK, S,) Impervia coëunti; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ خُلَّقٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b5: See also خَلِقٌ. b6: And الخَلْقَآءُ [used as a subst.] The sky; because of its smoothness and evenness. (TA.) b7: And The side of a camel &c. (K.) One says also, ضَرَبْتُ خَلْقَآءَ جَنْبِهِ (K, TA [in the CK على خَلْقَاءَ جَنْبِهِ]) I struck the outer part of his side. (TA.) b8: And The interior (Lth, K, TA) and smooth part (Lth, TA,) of the غَار, (K,) i. e., of [the upper part of the interior of the mouth, or] what is termed الغَارُ الأَعْلَى; (Lth, TA;) as also ↓ الخُلَيْقَآءُ [the dim. of الخَلْقَآءُ]: (Lth, K, TA:) or both signify what appears of the غار: and the dim. form is that which is predominant in this case. (TA.) b9: And The part of the forehead that is even (JK, K, TA) and smooth; (TA;) as also ↓ الخُلَيْقَآءُ. (JK, K, TA.) One says, سُحِبُوا عَلَى خَلْقَاوَاتِ جِبَاهِهِمْ [They were dragged along upon the even and smooth parts of their foreheads]. (TA [in which this is said to be tropical]) b10: الفَرَسِ ↓ خُلَيْقَآءُ That [part] of the horse which is like the عِرْنِين [or upper part of the nose] of man; (S, K;) the part where the forehead of the horse meets the narrow portion of the bone of the nose: AO says that the خُلَيْقَاوَانِ in the face of the horse are [the two parts] where his forehead meets the bone of his nose, on the right and left of the خُلَيْقَآء, sloping towards the eye; and the خُلَيْقَآء is [the part] between the eyes; and some call it the خَلْقَآء. (TA.) A2: إِنَّ أَخْلَقَ بِكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا is a phrase mentioned by Ks, as meaning Verily the most apt, meet, suitable, fit, or proper, thing for thee to do is such a thing. (TA.) مَخْلَقَةٌ: see خَلِيقٌ, in four places, in the latter half of the paragraph.

مُخَلَّقٌ: see خَلِيقٌ, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: Also, applied to an arrow, Made smooth (S, K, TA) and even. (TA.) [See also خَلْقٌ, last signification; and مُخْتَلَقٌ.]

مَخْلُوقٌ [pass. part. n. of خَلَقَ. When used as a subst., signifying A creature, or created thing, its pl. is مَخْلُوقَاتٌ]. See خَلْقٌ. b2: قَصِيدَةٌ مَخْلُوقَةٌ (tropical:) [An ode that is forged; or] ascribed to a person not its author. (S, K, * TA.) مُخْتَلَقٌ: see خَلِيقٌ, first sentence, in five places. b2: Also Made smooth. (TA.) [See also مُخَلَّقٌ.] b3: And Generous in [nature, or] natural dispositions. (Ham p. 561.) b4: مُخْتَلَقٌ لِلْمُلْكِ, in a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh, means Created of a nature fitting for dominion: (S, TA:) and so لِلْأَصْحَابِ [for companions]; as in a verse of Ibn-Ahmar. (TA.) مُخْلَوْلِقٌ Very smooth; its measure being one of those that denote intensiveness. (Ham p. 358.)

خزم

1 خَزَمَهُ, aor. ـِ (Mgh, K,) inf. n. خَزْمٌ, (JK, TA,) He pierced it, or perforated it; (JK, Mgh, K;) namely, a thing of any kind: for instance, the nose of a camel, for the [ring called]

خِزَامَة [to which the rein is attached]: and the letter of a Kádee to another Kádee; for such a letter is pierced for the سِحَآءَة [or strip of paper with which it is bound], and is then sealed [upon this strip]; and when this is done, the letter is said to be ↓ مَخْزُومٌ. (Mgh.) You say, خَزَمَ البَعِيرَ, aor. as above, (Mgh, Msb,) and so the inf. n., (Msb,) He pierced the nose of the camel (Mgh, Msb) for the خِزَامَة: (Mgh:) or خَزَمَ البَعِيرَ (S, K) بِالخِزَامَةِ, (S,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) he put the خزامة in the side of the nostril, (K,) or in the partition between the nostrils, (S,) [but the former is the more common practice,] of the camel; (S, K;) as also ↓ خزّمهُ; (K;) [or] this signifies the doing so much, or often. (TA.) [Hence,] خَزَمَ أَنْفَهُ (assumed tropical:) He brought him under, or into, subjection; rendered him submissive, tractable, or manageable. (TA.) and خَزَمْتُ الجَرَادَ فِى العُودِ I spitted the locusts in a series upon the [skewer, or] piece of stick or wood. (S.) And خَزَمَ شِرَاكَ نَعْلِهِ He pierced and tied the [thong called] شَراك [q. v.] of his sandal [app. so as to attach to it the two branches (عَضُدَا الشِّرَاكِ) of the strap that encompasses the heel]. (TA, [See also خِزَامَةٌ.]) b2: [Also He cut it. for] الخَزْمُ is syn. with القَطْعُ. (Ham p. 166.

[It is there also said to be syn. with الشد; i. e. الشَّدُّ; but this is app. a mistake for الشَّكُّ, a meaning assigned to it in the JK, agreeably with the K.]) 2 خَزَّمَ see 1.3 خازمهُ, (S,) or خازِمهُ الطَّرِيقَ, (K,) inf. n. مُخَازَمَةٌ (S in art. خصر) [and خِزَامٌ], He (a man, S) took a different way from his (another's) until they both met in one place: (S, K:) the doing so is also termed مُخَاصَرَةٌ: (S in art. خصر, and TA:) it is as though it were a rivalling, or imitating, in travelling. (TA.) Ibn-Fesweh says, إِذَا هُوَ نَحَّاهَا عَنِ القَصْدِ خَازَمَتْ بِهِ الجَوْرَ حَتَّى تَسْتَقِيمُ ضُحَى الغَدِ i. e. When he turns her, meaning his she-camel, from the right way, she pursues with him a way different from the wrong, so that she overcomes him, and takes the right way, in the early daytime of the morrow. (TA.) مُخَازَمَةٌ also signifies The act of rivalling, or imitating. (JK, TA.) And one says, لَقِيتُهُ خِزَامًا (JK, TA) and مَخَازَمَةً, (JK,) meaning I met him face to face: (TA:) or suddenly, or unexpectedly, and face to face. (JK.) 5 تخزّم الشَّوْكُ فِى رِجْلِهِ The thorns pierced his foot, or leg, and entered into it. (K, * TA.) 6 تخازم الجَيْشَانِ The two armies rivalled, or imitated, each other; or opposed each other; syn. تَعَارَضَا. (TA.) خَزَمٌ A certain kind of tree, (JK, T, S, Msb, K,) of the bark of which ropes are made: (S, Msb:) it is like the دَوْم [or Theban palm]; (K;) having branches with small dates, which become black when ripe, bitter, astringent, or disagreeable and choking; not eaten by men; but the crows are greedy of them, and come to them time after time: so says AHn.: (TA:) n. un. with ة. (S, Msb.) A2: See also خَزُومَةٌ.

خُزَمٌ: see خُزَامَى.

خُزُمٌ [a pl. of which the sing is not mentioned] Sewers of skins or hides or boots and the like; syn. خَرَّازُونَ. (TA.) خَزَمَةٌ n. un. of خَزَمٌ, explained above. (S, Msb.) b2: Also The leaves (خُوص) of the مُقْل [or Theban palm]; (JK, K;) of which are made women's أَحْفَاش [i. e. receptacles for their perfumes and other similar things, pl. of حِفْشٌ]. (TA.) إِبِلٌ خَزْمَى: see مَخْزُومٌ.

خِزَامٌ: see خِرَامَةٌ, in two places.

خَزُومٌ: see خَزُومَةٌ.

خِزَامَةٌ A ring of [goat's] hair, which is put [in the side of the nostril (see 1) or] in the partition between the nostrils of the camel, (S, Msb, * TA,) and to which is tied the rein; (S, TA;) as also ↓ خِزَامٌ: (TA, and Har p. 73:) or a بُرَة in the nose of a she-camel: (JK:) or, accord. to the K, a بُرَة which is put in the side of the nostril of the camel: but Lth says that when it is of brass it is termed بُرَة; and when of [goat's] hair, خِزَامَة: (TA:) pl. خَزَائِمُ (JK, Msb, TA) and خِزَامَاتٌ. (Msb.) [Hence,] أَعْطَى القُرْآنَ خَزَائِمَهُ: from a trad. of Abu-d-Dardà, in which it is said, مُرْهُمْ

أَنْ يُعْطُوا القُرْآنَ بِخَزَاتِمِهِمْ (tropical:) Command ye them that they submit themselves to the judgment, or decision, of the Kur-án; خزائم being here pl. of خِزَامَةٌ: (IAth, TA:) or أَعْطُوا القُرْآنَ خَزَائِمَهُ (assumed tropical:) Render ye to the Kur-án its due. (JK.) [In the present day, ↓ خِزَامٌ, vulgarly pronounced خُزَام, is applied to A woman's nose-ring, of gold or other metal.] b2: The خِزَامَة of the sandal is A slender thong which is pierced and tied between [the two thongs called] the شِرَاكَانِ [app. here meaning the عَضُدَانِ of the شِرَاك: see 1]. (K, * TA.) خُزَامَى A certain plant, (JK, K, TA,) called also ↓ خُزَمٌ, (JK,) of sweet odour: (TA:) or i. q. خِيرِىُّ البَرِّ [q. v.]; (S, Msb, K;) accord. to El-Fárábee: one of the plants of the desert: said by Az to be a certain herb of sweet odour, having a flower like that of the violet: (Msb:) [accord. to the book entitled مَا لَا يَسَعُ الطَّبِيبَ جَهْلَهُ, as stated by Golius, a certain wild herb, having a long stalk, small leaves, red flower, and very sweet odour:] its flower is the sweetest of flowers in odour; the fumigation therewith dispels every fetid odour; the use thereof as a suppository in the vagina promotes pregnancy; and the taking it internally restores to a right state the liver and the spleen, and the brain affected with cold: (K:) [in the present day, applied to the common lavender; lavandula spica:] n. un. خُزَامَاةٌ. (TA.) خَزُومَةٌ i. q. بَقَرَةٌ [app. as meaning both A bull and a cow], (JK, S, K,) in the dial. of Hudheyl; (S;) or such as is advanced in age, and short: (M, K:) pl. ↓ خَزُومٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] and [the pl. is] خَزَائِمُ (JK, K) and خَزُومَاتٌ (S) and [quasi-pl. n.] ↓ خَزَمٌ. (TA.) خَزَّامٌ A maker of ropes of the bark of the tree called خَزَم. (JK, S. *) [Accord. to the K, A seller of the kind of tree called خَزَم: but this is a mistake, app. caused by an omission in the K.]

اريحٌ خَازِمٌ (assumed tropical:) A cold wind; as though it pierced through the extremities: so says Kr: A'Obeyd says خَارِمٌ: accord. to the K, both signify the same. (TA.) مُخَزَّمٌ; and its fem., with ة: see what follows, in four places.

مَخْزُومٌ Anything pierced or perforated: (S, Mgh:) applied in this sense, (JK,) or as meaning pierced and tied, (TA, [see 1,]) to the [thong, of a sandal, called] شِرَاك; (JK, TA;) or, thus applied, it means cut. (Ham p. 166.) See also 1, first sentence, for its meaning as applied to a letter. b2: Any animal having the nose pierced. (Msb.) And ↓ إِبِلٌ خَزْمَى means Camels having rings such as are termed خَزَائِم (pl. of خِزَامَة) in their nostrils; (IAar, K, TA;) as also ↓ مُخَزَّمَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) All birds, also, are said to be مَخْزُومَة, (S, K,) and ↓ مُخَزَّمَة; (K;) because perforated in the partition between the nostrils: (S, K:) and particularly the ostrich is said to be مَخْزُوم (S, K *) and ↓ مُخَزَّم. (JK, K. *) One says, ↓ مَاهُمْ إِلَّا كَالْأَنْعَامِ المُخَزَّمَةِ, meaning (tropical:) They are none others than stupid, or foolish, persons. (TA. [But كَالْأَنْعَامِ is app., here, a mistranscription for كَالنَّعَامِ; for the ostrich is proverbial for stupidity: one says أَحْمَقُ مِنْ نَعَامَةٍ “ More stupid than an ostrich: ” because, as Meyd says, when an ostrich happens to see the eggs of another ostrich, it will sit upon them, and forget its own eggs.])

خزن

1 خَزَنَهُ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (JK, Msb,) inf. n. خَزَنٌ, (Msb,) He reposited it, stowed it, or put it, (S, Msb,) laid it up, kept it, preserved it, or guarded it, (JK, K,) in a خِزَانَة, (JK, S,) or in a مَخْزِن [or مَخْزَن]; (Msb;) namely, a thing, (JK, Msb,) or property; (S, K;) as also ↓ اختزنهُ, (S, K,) and ↓ استخزنهُ: or ↓ the second of these signifies he did so for himself. (TA.) b2: and [hence] the first (S, Msb) and ↓ the second, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He concealed it; namely, a secret. (S, Msb.) b3: And خَزَنَ عَنْهُ عَطَآءَهُ (assumed tropical:) He withheld from him his gift. (TA.) A2: خَزِنَ, (JK, S, Msb, K,) formed by transposition from خَنِزَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. خَزَنٌ; (Msb;) and خَزُنَ; and خَزَنَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. خَزْنٌ and خُزُونٌ; (K;) said of flesh-meat, (JK, S, Msb, K,) It became altered [for the worse] (JK, Msb, K) in odour, (Msb,) or stinking: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Z, خَزُنَ, said of flesh-meat, means it became stinking in consequence of its being laid up, or stored: and Er-Rághib says that خَزْنٌ, in relation to flesh-meat, means the laying up, or storing: and hence is metonymically used as meaning its becoming stinking. (TA.) Tarafeh says, ثُمَّ لَا يَخْزَنُ فِينَا لَحْمُهَا

إِنَّمَا يَخْزَنُ لَحْمُ المُدَّخِرْ [Then the flesh thereof will not become stinking among us: only the flesh-meat of him who lays it up becomes stinking]. (S, TA.) 4 اخزن He became rich, or in a state of competence or sufficiency, after poverty. (K.) 8 إِخْتَزَنَ see 1, in three places.

A2: اختزن طَرِيقًا He took the nearest road, or way. (K, TA.) 10 إِسْتَخْزَنَ see 1.

خَزْنَةٌ: see خَزِينَةٌ: b2: and see also خِزَانَةٌ.

خَزِينٌ A thing reposited, stowed, or put, [laid up, kept, preserved, or guarded,] in a مَخْزِن [or مَخْزَن or خِزَانَة]. (Msb.) b2: Flesh-meat altered [for the worse in odour]; (K;) stinking. (TA.) خِزَانَةٌ A small chamber within a large chamber; (TA in art. خدع;) [a closet; also called in the present day ↓ خَزْنَةٌ: and a cupboard:] a place in which things are reposited, stowed, laid up, kept, preserved, or guarded; a repository; [a magazine; a store-room;] (JK, Msb, K, TA;) and so ↓ مَخْزَنٌ, (S, K,) with fet-h to the ز, (S,) like مَقْعَدٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَخْزِنٌ, like مَجْلِسٌ, [which is irreg., as the aor. of خَزَنَ is يَخْزُنُ:] (Msb:) the former should not be pronounced with fet-h [i. e. خَزَانَة], (K,) as the vulgar are given to pronounce it: (TA:) the pl. of the former is خَزَائِنُ; (S, Msb;) and that of مخزن is مَخَازِنُ. (Msb, TA.) [Hence, خِزَانَةُ كُتُبٍ A library; and a bookcase. And خِزَانَةُ سِلَاحٍ An armoury.]

b2: And (tropical:) The heart; (K, TA;) because the secret is concealed in it. (TA.) See an ex. voce خَازِنٌ.

A2: Also The occupation, (JK, TA,) and act, (K, TA,) of the خَازِن. (JK, K, TA.) خَزِينَةٌ and ↓ خَزْنَةٌ Wealth, or property, reposited, stowed, laid up, kept, preserved, or guarded. (TA.) [In the present day, both signify also A treasury. The pl. of the former is خَزَائِنُ.] b2: [Hence,] خَزَائِنُ اللّٰهِ [in the Kur. vi. 50 and xi. 33, accord. to some,] means (assumed tropical:) The hidden things that are known of God: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the events decreed by God: (Bd in vi. 50:) or (assumed tropical:) the treasures of the means of subsistence that are supplied by God. (Bd and Jel * ibid.) خَزَّانٌ One who stores up wheat, or food: of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) b2: See also خَازِنٌ.

A2: Also, as a subst, like جَبَّانٌ, (AHn,) Ripe dates becoming black in the interior by reason of some bane: (AHn, K:) n. un. with ة. (AHn.) خَازِنٌ [One who reposits, stows, lays up, keeps, preserves, or guards, property, &c.; a treasurer]: (K, TA:) pl. خَازِنُونَ and خَزَنَةٌ. (TA.) [The latter of these pls. is applied in the Kur. xxxix. 73 to The keepers, or guardians, of Paradise: and in xxxix. 71 and xl. 52 and lxvii. 8 to those of Hell.] مَا أَنْتُمْ لَهُ بِخَازِنِينَ, in the Kur [xv. 22, accord. to some], means (assumed tropical:) Ye are not bearing it in mind with thankfulness. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) The tongue; as also ↓ خَزَّانٌ. (K, TA.) Hence the saying of Lukmán to his son, إِذَا كَانَ خَازِنُكَ حَفِيظًا

أَمِينَةً رَشْدْتَ فِى أَمْرَيْكَ دُنْيَاكَ وَآخِرَتِكَ ↓ وَخِزَانَتُكَ, i. e. (tropical:) [When] thy tongue [is such as keeps the secret confided to thee], and thy heart [is trustworthy, thou wilt follow the right way in respect of thy two states, thy state in the present world and thy state in the world to come]. (TA.) مَخْزَنٌ and مَخْزِنٌ: see خِزَانَةٌ. b2: مَخَازِنُ الطَّرِيقِ The nearest roads, or ways. (K, * TA. [In the CK, مَحاصِرُهُ is erroneously put for مَخَاصِرُهُ.])

صرف

الصَّرْفُ signifies The turning, or sending, or putting, a thing away, or back, from its way, or course; the causing it to turn away, or back; therefrom; the averting it, or repelling it therefrom: (M:) or the shifting a thing from one state, or condition, to another; (Bd in vi. 105;) and so ↓ التَّصْرِيفُ. (TA.) You say, صَرَفَهُ, (M, K,) or صَرَفَهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (Msb, TA,) i. e. عَنْ سَنَنِهِ, (TA in art. وجه,) aor. ـِ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (M, Msb,) He turned, sent, or put, him, or it, away, or back, &c., (M, K,) from his, or its, way, or course. (M.) And نَفْسَهُ عَنِ ↓ صارف الشَّىْءِ, meaning صَرَفَهَا عَنْهُ [He turned himself away, or back, from the thing]. (M.) and صَرَفْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنِّى [I turned the man away, or back, or I averted him, or repelled him, from me]. (S.) And صَرَفَ الصِّبْيَانَ He dismissed the boys, or sent them away, syn. قَلَبَهُمْ, (S, K,) from the school: (K:) or صَرَفْتُ الصَّبِىَّ I let the boy go his way; and in like manner, الأَجِيرَ the hired man. (Msb.) And صَرَفَ اللّٰهُ عَنْكَ الأَذَى [May God avert from thee harm]. (S.) And ↓ اصطرف وَجْهَهُ (K in art. سفو and سفى) [meaning صَرَفَهُ i. e.] He turned away his face. (TK in that art.) صَرَفَ اللّٰهُ قُلُوبَهُمْ, in the Kur [ix. 128], means God hath made them to err in requital of that which they have done: (M, TA:) or God hath turned them away, or may God turn them away, from belief. (Bd.) And سَأَصْرِفُ عَنْ آيَاتِى, in the Kur [vii. 143], means [in like manner] I will requite by causing to err from the direction of my signs. (O, TA.) [And one says also, صَرَفَهُ إِلَى كَذَا He turned him (i. e. another man, or the like, as in the Kur xlvi. 28), or it (for ex. his mind or intention), to such a thing.] b2: [Hence,] صَرَفَ الكَلِمَةَ, (TA,) inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (O,) He declined, or inflected, the word [i. e. the noun] with tenween. (O, TA.) See also 2. b3: [Hence, also,] الصَّرْفُ means The exchanging, or giving in exchange, gold for silver [and the reverse]: because it is turned (يُصْرَفُ) thereby from one metal to another. (M.) Yousay صَرَفَ الدَّرَاهِمَ He exchanged, or gave in exchange, the dirhems for [other] dirhems or for deenárs. (Mgh.) And صَرَفْتُ الذَّهَبَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ I exchanged, or gave in exchange, the gold for dirhems: (Msb:) and الدَّرَاهِمَ بِالدَّنَانِيرِ [the dirhems for deenárs]. (S.) b4: It is said in a trad. respecting الشُّفْعَة [or the right of pre-emption], إِذَا صُرِفَتِ الطُّرُوقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ i. e. When the roads thereof are made distinct [app. by their being turned in different directions, from the house, or piece of land, in question, to the possessions of different proprietors, there is no right of pre-emption]: (TA:) the inf. n. of the verb in this case is صَرْفٌ. (TA.) b5: You say also, صَرَفْتُ المَالَ I expended the property; (Msb;) [and so ↓ صرّفتُهُ; for] التَّصْرِيفُ, (M,) or تَصْرِيفُ الدَّرَاهِمِ, (O,) فِى البِيَاعَاتِ, (M, O, K, *) means the expending of money [in the purchase of articles of merchandise]. (M, O, K. *) b6: And صَرَفْتُ الكَلَامَ I embellished the speech [app. by distorting it, or otherwise altering it]; and ↓ صَرَّفْتُهُ has a similar, but intensive, meaning: (Msb:) or صَرْفُ الحَدِيثِ means the embellishing of discourse, or speech, (A 'Obeyd, S, M, O, K,) by adding in it, (A 'Obeyd, S,) or and adding in it; (M, O, K;) and in like manner صَرْفُ الكَلَامِ: (K: [of which see another explanation voce صَرْفٌ:]) and is [said to be] from الصَّرْفُ in pieces of money, meaning “ the superiority of one over another in value. ” (O, K.) b7: صَرَفَ لِأَهْلِهِ [as though meaning صَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ لِأَهْلِهِ]: see 8. b8: [See also صَرْفٌ, below.]

A2: صَرَفَ الشَّرَابَ, (M, O, K,) inf. n. صُرُوفٌ, (M, TA,) He did not mix the beverage, or wine; (M, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ صرّفهُ, and ↓ اصرفهُ; the last mentioned by Th. (M, TA.) And صَرَفَ الخَمْرَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. صَرْفٌ, (TA,) [or perhaps this should be صُرُوفٌ, as in the next preceding sentence,] He drank the wine unmixed; (K, TA;) [and so ↓ صَرَّفَهَا; for] تَصْرِيفُ الخَمْرِ, (S, O,) or التَّصْرِيفُ فِى الخَمْرِ, (K,) signifies the drinking of wine unmixed. (S, O, K. [Freytag has erroneously expl. صَرَفَ as meaning simply He drank wine.]) A3: صَرَفَتِ البَكْرَةُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O,) inf. n. صَرِيفٌ, (S, M, O, K,) The sheave of the pulley caused a sound to be heard on the occasion of the drawing of water: (S, M, * O, K:) and the صَرِيف of the door, and of the tush of the camel, is like that of the sheave of the pulley; (S, O;) [i. e.] the صَرِيف of the door, (M, K,) and of the writingreed (M, Msb) and the like, (M,) is a creaking, or grating; (M, Msb, * K;) and so that of the tush of the camel: (K: [ونابُ البَعِيرِ in the CK is a mistake for ونابِ البعير:]) one says of a man, and of a camel, صَرَفَ بِنَابِهِ, (M, TA,) and صَرَفَ نَابَهُ, (TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. صَرِيفٌ, He grated his canine tooth [against its opposite] so as to cause a sound to be heard: (M, TA:) the صَرِيف of the stallioncamel is [indicative of] his threatening: (M:) or that of the canine tooth of the she-camel denotes her weariness; and that of the canine tooth of the he-camel, his lust: (IKh, TA:) or the صَرِيف of the stallion is from briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness; and that of the female, from fatigue. (As, TA.) [But] b2: صَرَفَتْ, (IAar, S, M, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, M, O,) inf. n. صُرُوفٌ (S, M, O, K) and صِرَافٌ, (Lth, Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K,) said of a bitch, (S, O, K,) or of any female having a cloven hoof and of any having a claw, (Lh, M,) or of a ewe or she-goat and of bitch and of a cow, (Lth, TA,) or of any female animal of prey, but mostly of a bitch, (IAar, TA,) signifies She lusted for the male: (Lth, Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K:) and the epithet applied to such an animal is ↓ صَارِفٌ. (Lh, IAar, S, M, O, K.) 2 التَّصْرِيفُ [in its primary acceptation is like الصَّرْفُ in the primary acceptation of the latter, but generally relates to several objects, or is used in an intensive sense]: see 1, first sentence: it signifies The turning of the winds (Lth, O, K, TA) from one state or condition, to another; (O, TA;) or from one direction, or course, or way, to another; (Lth, O, K, TA;) and so of the torrents, and of the horse, and of affairs, and of the verses of the Kur-án; (Lth, TA;) the making of the winds to very, or differ; and so of the clouds; (M;) the changing of the winds to south and north [&c.] and hot and cold [&c.]; (Jel in ii.

159, and xlv. 4;) or the making of the winds to be south and north, and east and west, and to be of various sorts in their kinds: (TA:) or تَصْرِيفُ الآيَاتِ signifies [the varying, or diversifying, of the verses of the Kur-án, by repeating them in different forms; or] the making of the verses of the Kur-án distinct [in their meanings by repeating and varying them, as expl. by many of the expositors in the instances occurring in vi. 46 and 65 and 105, and xlvi. 26]. (O, K.) b2: It signifies also The deriving one word from another [by modification of the form for the purpose of modifying the meaning; including what we term the declining of nouns (like الصَّرْفُ) and the conjugating of verbs]. (O, K.) [The science of التَّصْرِيف in language is commonly termed عِلْمُ

↓ الصَّرْفِ.] b3: In relation to property, or money, see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: And in relation to speech, see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b5: One says also, صرّف الشَّىْءَ, (M,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) meaning He employed the thing in other [i. e. more] than one way; as though he turned it from one way to another way. (M, TA.) b6: And [hence,] صَرَّفْتُهُ فِى الأَمْرِ, (K,) or فِى أَمْرِى, speaking of a man, (S, O,) i. q. قَلَّبْتُهُ [meaning I employed him to act in whatsoever way he pleased, according to his own judgment or discretion or free will, or I made him a free agent, in the disposal, or management, of the affair, or my affair: or (assumed tropical:) I made him, or employed him, to practise versatility, or to use art or artifice or cunning, in the affair, or in my affair; for the quasi-pass., تصرّف, is said to be from الصَّرْفُ as signifying الحِيلَةُ, and is expl. as syn. with اِحْتَالَ: but the former meaning is the more common: and it is also used as meaning simply I employed him in the managing of the affair, or my affair]. (K.) b7: [Hence also, صرّف الفَرَسَ He exercised the horse.]

A2: صرّف الشَّرَابَ: and صرّف الخَمْرَ: see 1, latter half.3 صَاْرَفَ see 1, third sentence. b2: The inf. n. مُصَارَفَةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) The dealing, or buying and selling, with any one بِصَرْفٍ [app. meaning with art or artifice or cunning, or it may perhaps mean in the exchanging of money: see صَيْرَفِىٌّ], (KL.) 4 اصرف الشَّرَابَ: see 1, latter half.5 تصرّف [quasi-pass. of 2: thus,] said of a man's face, It turned about; or was, or became, turned about; syn. تقلّب. (Jel in ii. 139.) b2: And It (a thing) was, or became, employed in other [i. e. more] than one way; as though it were turned from one way to another way. (M.) b3: [Hence,] تصرّف فِى الأَمْرِ, (K,) or فِى أَمْرِى, (S,) quasi-pass. of صَرَّفْتُهُ فِيهِ, (S, * O, K,) thus syn. with تقلّب [meaning He acted in whatsoever way he pleased, according to his own judgment or discretion or free will, or as a free agent, in the disposal, or management, of the affair, or my affair; or he was, or became, employed to do so]: (K:) or it is from الصَّرْفُ as signifying الحِيلَةُ; (S, M, TA;) i. e. it means (tropical:) [he practised versatility, or] he used art or artifice or cunning, in the affair, or in my affair; syn. اِحْتَالَ. (TA [and in like manner Bd in xxv. 20: but the former meaning is the more common: see also 8].) [It is also used as meaning simply He employed himself, or was employed, in the managing of the affair, or my affair; because the management of affairs generally requires the practice of versatility, or the use of art or artifice or cunning.]

b4: [Hence also, said of a horse, He was exercised.]7 انصرف, (S, M, O, K,) inf. n. اِنْصِرَافٌ, (O,) and مُنْصَرَفٌ is also sometimes an inf. n. thereof as well as a n. of place, (S,) quasi-pass. of صَرَفَهُ, (S, M,) said of a thing, (M,) or of a man; (S;) as such signifying It [or he] turned, or went, away, or back, from its [or his] way, or course; or was, or became, turned, or sent, or put, away, or back, therefrom; or averted, or repelled, therefrom: (M:) [or shifted from one state, or condition, to another: (see 1, first sentence:)] or i. q. اِنْكَفَّ; so in the copies of the K; but [this is an inadequate explanation;] the right [or better] explanation is انْكَفَأَ [i. e. he, or it, reverted, or returned; or was, or became, turned away or back]; agreeably with what is said in the O. (TA.) ثُمَّ انْصَرَفُوا in the Kur [ix. 128] means Then they return, or go back, from the place in which they have listened: or then they turn away from doing aught of that which they have heard. (M.) b2: [Accord. to Golius, it signifies also It ran in a small stream; or the like; for he explains it as meaning “ manavit: ” but for this he names no authority. b3: Said of a noun, it means It was inflected, or declined, with tenween.]8 اصطرف (tropical:) He sought, sought after, or sought to gain, sustenance or the like, (M, TA,) and used art or artifice or cunning [in so doing]; (M;) for his family, or household; (M, TA;) as also ↓ صَرَفَ, aor. ـِ you say, صَرَفَ لِأَهْلِهِ [as though meaning صَرَفَ نَفْسَهُ لِأَهْلِهِ] and اصطرف: (M:) or he used art or artifice or cunning (تصرّف) in the seeking of gain: (O, K, TA:) or [meaning thus] you say, اصطرف فِى طَلَبِ الكَسْبِ. (S.) A2: It is also trans.: you say, اصطرف وَجْهَهُ: see 1, first quarter. b2: And اصطرف الدَّرَاهِمَ He procured the dirhems in exchange for [other] dirhems or for deenars. (Mgh.) 10 اِسْتَصْرَفْتُ اللّٰهَ المَكَارِهَ (S, O, K) I begged God to avert from me the things, or events, that are objects of dislike or hatred. (O, K.) صَرْفٌ [as an inf. n.: see 1]. b2: Used as a subst., The evil accidents, mishaps, or calamities, of time, or fortune; [thus expl. as having a pl. signification;] صَرْفُ الدَّهْرِ meaning حَدَثَانُهُ, (S, M, O, K,) and نَوَائِبُهُ, (S, O, K,) or حَوَادِثُهُ; (Msb;) because it [i. e. time, or fortune,] turns things from their way, or course: (M:) [but it seems to be more properly rendered the shifting of fortune, or its shifting about; and to be an inf. n. sometimes used as a simple subst., and therefore having a pl., for] its pl. is صُرُوفٌ. (M, Msb.) In the phrase قَدْ شَحَطَتْ صَرْفُ نَوَاهَا, in a verse of Sakhr-el-Ghei, [ISd says,] he has made it fem. because of its dependance upon النَّوَى [which is fem.; as though the meaning were The afflictions that are the consequence of the course taken by her in her journey have exceeded the bounds of moderation]: (M:) [or it is here made fem. because having the signification of a broken pl., which is fem.:] or the meaning is, قَدْ بَعُدَتْ تَصَرُّفُ وَجْهِهَا الَّذِى أَخَذَتْ فِيهِ [i. e. the shiftingabout of her course that she has taken has become far-extending; صَرْف being thus used as an inf. n.; for the Arabs sometimes make the inf. n. fem., saying أَوْجَعَتْنِى ضَرْبُكَ as well as أَوْجَعَنِى

ضَرْبُكَ; (see EM p. 157;) and this I think the most preferable explanation]. (Skr in his Expos. of the Poems of the Hudhalees, p. 14 of the vol. edited by Kosegarten.) b3: Also Repentance. (S, M, O, Msb, K.) [See a phrase below, in which this and other meanings are assigned to it.] b4: And (tropical:) Art, artifice, or cunning. (Yoo, S, M, O, K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [xxv. 20], فَمَآ

يَسْتَطِيعُونَ صَرْفًا وَلَا نَصْرًا (tropical:) [And they are not able to put in practice art or artifice or cunning, nor aid]: (S, TA:) or this means and they are not able to avert, or repel, from themselves punishment, (O, K, TA,) nor to aid themselves. (O, TA.) b5: And Excellence, or superiority, of a dirhem, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and of a deenár, (M,) over another, (S, M, &c.,) in goodness, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or in value; (M, Mgh, O, K;) as in the saying, بَيْنَ الدِّرْهَمَيْنِ صَرْفٌ [Between the two dirhems is a difference of excellence], because of the [superior] goodness of the silver of one of them: (S:) and in like manner, of speech; (O, K;) as in the saying فُلَانٌ لَا يَعْرِفُ صَرْفَ الكَلَامِ Such a one knows not the excellence of speech over other speech: (O:) and [in like manner] one says, لِهٰذَا عَلَى هٰذَا صَرْفٌ There is, or pertains, to this, an excess, and an excellence, over this; for when one is judged to excel, it, or he, is turned aside from its, or his, likes, or fellows. (O, K. *) b6: And The night; and the day: (K:) [because of their interchanging:] الصَّرْفَانِ signifies the night and the day; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ الصِّرْفَانِ; (K;) the latter accord. to Ibn-'Abbád; (O;) like الصِّرْعَانِ, with kesr also [as well as with fet-h]. (TA.) b7: In the saying (S, M, O, Msb) of the Arabs, (M,) or of the Prophet, (O, Msb,) in a certain trad., (K,) لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ [Neither صَرْف nor عَدْل shall be accepted from him], (S, M, * O, Msb, *) by صَرْف is meant repentance; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) and by عَدْل, ransom: (M, Msb, K:) or by the former, art, or artifice, or cunning; (Yoo, S, M, O, K;) and by the latter, ransom: (M:) or by the former, acquisition of gain; and by the latter, ransom: (K:) or by the former, a supererogatory act; (A'Obeyd, M, O, K;) and by the latter, an obligatory act: (A'Obeyd, M, K:) or vice versâ: (K:) or by the former, weight; and by the latter, measure: (M, O, K:) or by the former, deviation; and by the latter, a right, or direct, course: (IAar, M:) or by the former, مَا يُتَصَرَّفُ فِيهِ [app. meaning an evasive artifice]; and by the latter, a like: (Th, M:) or by the former, value, or price; and by the latter, a like; the saying originally relating to the bloodwit (الدِّيَة): one says, لَمْ يَقْبَلُوا مِنْهُمْ صَرْفًا وَلَا عَدْلًا, i. e. They did not accept from them a bloodwit, nor did they slay one man for him, of their people, who had been slain; but they required from them more than that; for the Arabs used [often] to slay two men, and three, for one man; when they slew a man for a man, that was العَدْل with them; and when they took a bloodwit, having turned from the blood to another thing, that was صَرْف, i. e. the value, or price, was صَرْف: then the saying was applied in relation to anything, so as to be proverbially used in the case of him who was to render more than was incumbent on him: it has also been said that by صَرْف is meant [in the saying cited above] something additional, or in excess; but this is nought. (M.) صِرْفٌ: see its dual in the next preceding paragraph, near the middle.

A2: Also Pure, unmixed, or free from admixture; (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) applied to wine, (S, M, O, Msb, K,) or beverage, as meaning unmixed, (S, M, O, Msb,) and so ↓ مَصْرُوفٌ, (O, K,) and to other things, (K,) to blood, and to phlegm, (TA,) and to anything (M, Msb) as meaning free from turbid foulnesses: (Mgh, * Msb:) and ↓ صَرِيفٌ likewise signifies anything having in it no admixture. (TA.) A3: And A certain dye, (Msb,) a red dye, (S, O, K,) with which the thongs, or straps, of sandals are dyed, (S, O,) or with which the hide is dyed: (Msb:) or a certain red thing with which the hide is tanned (يُدْبَغُ [perhaps a mistranscription for يُصْبَغُ]). (So in a copy of the M.) الصَّرْفَةُ One of the Mansions of the Moon; [the Twelfth Mansion;] a single very bright star, β of Leo,] (S, O, K, and Kzw in his Descr. of the Mansions of the Moon,) by which are some small evanescent stars; (Kzw;) over against, (بِتِلْقَآء, so in my copies of the S,) or following, (O, K and Kzw ubi suprà,) الزُّبْرَة; (S, O, K, Kzw;) [i. e.] it is a single star behind the خَرَاتَانِ of the Lion; (M;) it is on the hinder part of the tail (ذَنَب) of the Lion; [wherefore it is called by our astronomers Deneb;] and is also called the قُنْب, which means the sheath of the penis, of the Lion: (Kzw in his Descr. of Leo: [in the S and O, erroneously, “the قَلْب of the Lion: ”]) [it rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, on the 8th of Sept., O. S.; and set aurorally on the 9th of March:] Ibn-Kunáseh says, (M,) it is called الصَّرْفَةُ because of the turning away of the cold (S, M, O, K) from the heat, (M,) and the coming of the heat, (S, O,) accord. to the [O and] K at its rising, but [as] IB says, correctly because of the turning away of the heat [at its rising], and the coming of the cold: (TA:) [i. e., correctly,] it is thus called because of the turning away of the cold at its setting in the early mornings, and the turning away of the heat at its rising from beneath the rays of the sun in the early mornings: (Kzw in his Descr. of Leo:) when it rises before the dawn, that is the beginning of autumn; and when it sets with the rising of the dawn, that is the beginning of spring. (M.) [Hence,] الصَّرْفَةُ is [called] نَابُ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى

يُفْتَرُّ, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K,) or نَابُ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى يَفْتَرُّ عَنْهُ [The dog-tooth of time, or fortune, which it shows smiling]: for when الصرفة rises, [a mistake for “ sets, aurorally,”] the blossoms come forth and the herbage attains its full height: (M and K in art. فر:) in the T it is said that الصَّرْفَة is called by the Arabs نَابُ الدَّهْرِ [the dog-tooth of time, or fortune,] لِأَنَّهُ يَفْتَرُّ عَنِ البَرْدِ وَعَنِ الحَرِّ فِى

الحَالَتَيْنِ [i. e. because it smiles revealing (the advent of) the cold and (that of) the heat, in its two states (of auroral rising and setting)]. (TA.) A2: صَرْفَةٌ also signifies A certain kind of bead (خَرَزَةٌ); (Lh, S, M, O, K;) mentioned among those by means of which men are captivated, or fascinated, or restrained by women from other women; (S, O, K; *) or by means of which men are conciliated, so as to be turned thereby from their ways of acting or conduct or the like. (Lh, M.) A3: And A bow having upon it a black mark or spot (شَامَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ), the arrows of which, when they are shot, will not hit the object of aim. (O, K.) A4: And one says, حَلَبْتُ النَّاقَةَ صَرْفَةً, meaning I milked the she-camel in the early morning, between dawn and sunrise, and then left her until the like time of the morrow. (O, K. *) الصَّرَفَانُ Death; (M, K;) a name of death. (IAar, O.) A2: And صَرَفَانٌ signifies Lead; syn. رَصَاصٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or رَصَاصٌ قَلْعِىٌّ [q. v.]: (M:) and (K) accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (O,) copper; syn. نُحَاسٌ. (O, K.) A3: And A sort of dates; (S, M, O, Msb;) a heavy sort of dates: (K:) n. un. with ة: (M:) AHn says, (M, O,) on the authority of certain of the Arabs, (O,) that the صَرَفَانَة is a red date, like the بَرْنِيَّة, (M, O, Msb,) but (M, O) hard to be chewed, (M, O, K,) tough, (M, O,) and the heaviest of all dates: (M, O, Msb:) persons having households and slaves and hired men provide it, because of its satisfying quality, (O, K, [but for لجرآتِهَا in the O, referring to the n. un., and لِجَزَاتِهَا in copies of the K, and لجِزايَتِها in the CK, I read لِجَزَائِهَا, which is evidently the right reading, and agrees with what here follows,]) and its standing in great stead: (O, K:) or it is the [sort of dates called] صَيْحَانِىّ [q. v.]: (K:) AHn says, En-Nowshajánee told me that the صَرَفَانَة is [called] الصَّيْحَانِيَّةُ in El-Hijáz, and in like manner its palm-tree. (O.) صَرَفَانَةٌ رِبْعِيَّهْ تُصْرَمُ بِالصَّيْفِ وَتُؤْكَلُ بِالشَّتِيَّهْ is one of their proverbs [expl. in art. ربع]. (AHn, O, K.) صَرَفِىٌّ A camel of a certain excellent sort; (M, O, K;) a rel. n.: (O, K:) or it is correctly with د; (O, * K;) i. e. صَدَفِىٌّ [q. v.]: (O:) some say that it is with د; and this is the right. (M.) صَرُوفٌ A she-camel that makes a grating, or creaking, sound with her tushes, or canine teeth. (S, O, K.) صَرِيفٌ inf. n. of 1 in the senses expl. in the last sentence but one of the first paragraph [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) A2: See also صِرْفٌ. b2: Applied to milk, (S, M, O, K,) Just milked; (K;) brought away from the udder while hot, (S, M, O,) when milked. (S, O.) b3: Also Dry سَعَف [or palmbranches]: n. un. with ة: (AHn, M:) [i. e.]

↓ صَرِيفَةٌ signifies a dry سَعَفَة. (K.) And AHn says, (M, O,) in one place, (M,) الصَّرِيفُ signifies, (M, O, K,) as some assert, (O,) What has become dry, of trees; (M, O, K;) like الضَّرِيعُ; (M;) called in Pers\. حُذْخُوش, (so in copies of the K, in the CK خُدْخُوش, and in the O الخَذْخُوَش, [all app. mistranscriptions, for I find nothing like them in Pers\. except partially, i. e. خُوش meaning “ dry,” like خُشْك,]) and also called [in Arabic] القَفْلَةُ [the tree that has become dry]. (O.) [See also صَرِيعٌ, with the unpointed ص.]

A3: Also Silver: so in a verse cited voce إِنْ (page 107, third col.): (ISk, S, O:) or pure silver. (K.) A4: See also the next paragraph.

صَرِيفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also A thin, round cake of bread; syn. رُقَاقَةٌ: pl. صُرُفٌ and صِرَافٌ and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ صَرِيفٌ. (K.) خَمْرٌ صَرِيفِيَّةٌ Wine of صَرِيفُونُ, (S, O, K,) a place, (S, O,) i. e. a town, (O,) in El-' Irák, (S, O,) in the Sawád of El-' Irák near 'Okbarà, (O, TA;) not, as it is implied in the K, from another of the same name in Wásit: (TA:) or, as some say, wine just taken from the دَنّ [or jar]; like [as one says] لَبَنٌ صَرِيفٌ. (O, K.) صَرَّافٌ: see صَيْرَفِىٌّ: A2: and see also صَارِفٌ.

صِرِّيفٌ: see the next paragraph.

صَارِفٌ [act. part. n. of 1: as such having, among other meanings, the meaning of Grating, or creaking; or making a grating, or creaking, sound: and so ↓ صَرَّافٌ, but properly in an intensive sense; for] the dual of صَرَّافٌ is used by the poet Aboo-Khirásh as meaning two thongs of a sandal that make a creaking sound: (M:) [and ↓ صِرِّيفٌ likewise means making a creaking sound with the teeth: so accord. to Freytag, from Jereer.] One says, مَا فِى فَمِهِ صَارِفَةٌ, meaning He has not in his mouth a canine tooth [lit. a grater or creaker; for سِنٌّ صَارِفَةٌ a tooth that makes a grating, or creaking, sound]. (M.) A2: See also 1, last sentence.

صَارِفَةٌ: pl. صَوَارِفُ: see تَصَارِيفُ, below.

صَيْرَفٌ One who practices art or artifice or cunning, in the disposal, or management, of affairs; (S, M, O, K;) as also ↓ صَيْرَفِىٌّ; (S, O, K;) which latter is applied by the poet Suweyd Ibn-Abee-Káhil El-Yeshkuree [in the like sense] as an epithet to a tongue, in his saying, وَلِسَانًا صَيْرَفِيًّا صَارِمًا كَحُسَامِ السَّيْفِ مَا مَسَّ قَطَعْ

[And a cunning, sharp tongue, like the edge of the sword, what it touches it cuts]. (S, O.) b2: See also what next follows.

صَيْرَفِىٌّ i. q. ↓ صَرَّافٌ, (S, M, O, Msb,) or صَرَّافُ دَرَاهِمَ, (K,) and so ↓ صَيْرَفٌ, (M, Msb, K,) i. e. A money-changer; (M, Msb, TA;) except that صَرَّافٌ has an intensive signification [app. as meaning a skilful money-changer, and hence it is often used in the present day as meaning a banker]: (Msb:) all are applied to him who knows and distinguishes the relative excellence, or superiority, of pieces of money: (Mgh:) these appellations are from المُصَارَفَةُ, (S, O,) or from التَّصَرُّفُ, (M,) or from صَرْفٌ meaning “ excellence,” or “ superiority,” of one dirhem [or deenár] over another, (Mgh, and Msb on the authority of IF in relation to the first,) because such as excels, or is superior, is turned aside from the deficient: (Mgh:) the pl. is صَيَارِفَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and صَيَارِفُ (M) and صَيَارِيفُ, this last occurring in poetry, (S, M, O, K,) by poetic license, for the sake of the measure. (S, O.) b2: See also صَيْرَفٌ.

تَصَارِيفُ الأُمُورِ [and صَوَارِفُهَا pl. of ↓ صَارِفَةٌ] The varieties, or vicissitudes, of affairs or events. (M, TA.) مَصْرِفٌ A place of turning away or back: [see also مُنْصَرَفٌ:] hence, in the Kur [xviii. 51], وَلَمْ يَجِدُوا عَنْهَا مَصْرِفًا, (TA,) meaning [And they shall not find] a place to which to turn away, or back, from it: (Bd, Jel:) or, a turning away, or back, from it: (Bd:) pl. مَصَارِفُ. (TA.) مَصْرُوفٌ [pass. part. n. of 1: see its verb: b2: and] see مُنْصَرِفٌ: A2: see also صِرْفٌ.

مُتَصَرَّفٌ i. q. مُتَقَلَّبٌ [as meaning Place, or scope, or room, for free action]. (A, voce سَرْبٌ [q. v.]; and so in the Fáïk.) مُتَصَرِّفٌ is an epithet applied to a verb [as meaning That is perfectly inflected], opposed to جَامِدٌ [q. v.]. (TA, voce قَدْ.) b2: [ظَرْفٌ مُتَصَرِّفٌ and طَرْفٌ غَيْرُ مُتَصَرِّفٍ signify the same, respectively, as ظَرْفٌ مُتَمَكِّنٌ and ظَرْفٌ غَيْرُ مُتَمَكِّنٍ: see art. مكن. b3: وَكِيلٌ مُتَصَرِّفٌ, means A factor, an agent, or a deputy, who acts according to his own free will in the disposal, or management, of an affair.]

مُنْصَرَفٌ is a n. of place, [meaning A place of turning away or back, like مَصْرِفٌ,] as well as an inf. n. [of 7]. (S.) مُنْصَرِفٌ and غَيْرُ مُنْصَرِفٍ denote the two different sorts of nouns, (O, K,) meaning, respectively, [like ↓ مَصْرُوفٌ and غَيْرُ مَصْرُوفٍ,] Inflected, or declined, with tenween, and not so inflected or declined. (O, TA.)

سعد

1 سَعِدَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) and سُعِدَ; (S, A, Msb, K;) inf. n. of the former, (Msb,) or of the latter, (MA,) or of both, (TA,) سَعْدٌ, (MA, Msb, TA,) and of the former, (MA,) or of both, (TA,) سَعَادَةٌ, (MA, TA,) or this latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) He (a man, S, A, Msb) was, or became, prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (S, MA, Msb, TA;) contr. of شَقِىَ; (S, * Msb, K *) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things. (Msb.) You say, سَعِدْتُ بِهِ and سُعِدْتُ [I was, or became, prosperous, &c., by means of him, or it]. (A.) In the Kur xi. 110, Ks read سُعِدُوا [instead of the common reading سَعِدُوا]. (S.) [See also سَعَادَةٌ, below.] b2: And سَعَدَ يَوْمُنَا, aor. ـَ inf. n. سُعُودٌ (S, K) and سَعْدٌ, (K,) Our day was, or became, prosperous, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky; (S, K;) [contr. of نَحِسَ; and in like manner the verb is used in relation to a star or an asterism &c.; and] سُعِدَ, inf. n. سَعْدٌ, signifies [likewise] the contr. of نُحِسَ. (Mgh.) [See also سُعُودَةٌ, below.] b3: سَعَدَ المَآءُ فِىالأَرْضِ means The water came upon the land unsought; i. e., came flowing [naturally] upon the surface of the land, not requiring a machine to raise it for the purpose of irrigation. (TA, from a trad.) A2: See also 4, in three places.3 ساعدهُ, (A, L, Msb,) inf. n. مُسَاعَدَةٌ (S, L, Msb) and سِعَادٌ; (L;) and ↓ اسعدهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِسْعَادٌ; (S;) He aided, assisted, or helped, him; syn. of the former عَاوَنَهُ, (S, * L, Msb,) and of the latter أَعَانَهُ: (S, * K:) [like as is said of عَاوَنَهُ and أَعَانَهُ,] both signify the same: or مُسَاعَدَةٌ signifies the aiding, or assisting, or helping, in any manner or case; and is said to be from a man's putting his arm, or hand, upon the سَاعِد [or fore arm] of his companion when they walk together to accomplish some object of want, and aid each other to do a thing: [so that سَاعَدَهُ more properly signifies he aided him, being aided by him: but see سَاعِدٌ:] whereas ↓ إِسْعَادٌ signifies specially a woman's aiding, assisting, or helping, another to wail for a dead person: so says El-Khattábee: and this is what is meant in a trad. in which اسعاد is forbidden. (L.) One says, ساعدهُ عَلَيْهِ [He aided, assisted, or helped him against him, or it, or to do it]: and النَّائِحَةُ الثَّكْلَى ↓ أَسْعَدَتِ The wailing-woman assisted the woman bereft of her child to weep and wail. (A.) Accord. to Fr, [but this is questionable,] the primary signification of مُسَاعَدَةٌ and ↓ إِسْعَادٌ is A man's performing diligently the command and good pleasure of God. (L.) 4 اسعدهُ اللّٰهُ, [inf. n. إِسْعَادٌ,] God rendered him prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ سَعَدَهُ, aor. ـَ (T, Msb, TA;) but the former is the more common. (Msb.) And اسعد اللّٰهُ جَدَّهُ, (A, L,) God made his good fortune to increase; as also ↓ سَعَدَ جَدَّهُ. (L.) And accord. to Az, اسعدهُ اللّٰهُ and ↓ سَعَدَهُ signify God aided, assisted, or helped, him; and accommodated, adapted, or disposed, him to the right course. (L, TA.) See also 3, in four places.5 تسعّد He sought after the plant called سَعْدَان. (K.) 10 استسعد بِهِ He deemed it, or reckoned it, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky. (K.) You say, استسعد بِرُؤْيَةِ فُلَانٍ He deemed, or reckoned, the sight of such a one fortunate, auspicious, or lucky. (S.) b2: He became fortunate by means of him, or it. (MA.) b3: He sought good fortune by means of him, or it. (MA.) b4: [And استسعدهُ He desired, or demanded, his aid or assistance: for] اِسْتِسْعَادٌ also signifies the desiring, or demanding, aid or assistance [of another]. (KL.) سَعْدٌ an inf. n. of سَعِدَ, (Msb,) or of سُعِدَ, (MA,) or of both: (TA:) and of سَعَدَ: (K, TA:) [and also used as a simple subst.:] see سَعَادَةٌ [with which it is syn.]: and see also سُعُودَةٌ [with which it is likewise syn.]; i. q. يُمْنٌ. (S, A.) b2: It is also an inf. n. used as an epithet, i. e. Prosperous, fortunate, auspicious, or lucky, applied to a day, and to a star or an asterism [&c.: so that it may be used alike as masc. and fem. and sing. and pl.: but it is also used as originally an epithet, forming its fem. with ة; and in this case it has for pl. of mult. سُعُودٌ and pl. of pauc.

أَسْعُدٌ]: you say يَوْمٌ سَعْدٌ, as well as يَوْمُ سَعْدٍ [in which it is used as a subst.]; and كَوْكَبٌ سَعْدٌ: and IJ mentions لَيْلَةٌ سَعْدَةٌ, in which سَعْدَةٌ is like جَعْدَةٌ as fem. of جَعْدٌ. (L.) b3: [Hence,] السَّعْدَانِ is an appellation of The two planets Venus and Mercury: like as [the contr.] النَّحْسَانِ is applied to Saturn and Mars. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA in art. نحس.) b4: And [hence, also,] سَعْدٌ is an appellation given to Each of ten asterisms, (S, L, K,) four of which are in the signs of Capricornus and Aquarius, (S, L,) and are Mansions of the Moon: pl. [of mult.] سُعُودٌ (S, L, K) and سُعُدٌ; but the former is the more known, and more agreeable with analogy; and pl. of pauc. أَسْعُدٌ: (L:) they are distinguished by the following names: — سَعْدُ الذَّابِحِ, (S, L, K,) [or سَعْدٌ الذَّابِحُ, see art. ذبح,] Two stars near together, one of which is called الذابح because with it is a small obscure star, almost close to it, and it seems as though the former were about to slaughter it; and الذابح is a little brighter that it; (Ibn-Kunáseh;) they are the two stars α and β] which are in one of the horns of Capricornus; so called because of the small adjacent star, which is said to be the sheep (شاة) of الذابح, which he is about to slaughter; the Twenty-second Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw:) [see also art. ذبح:] b5: سَعْدُ بُلَعَ (S, L, K) Two obscure stars, lying obliquely, of which Aboo-Yahyà says, the Arabs assert that they rose [at dawn] when God said, يَا أَرْضُ ابْلَعِى مَآءَكِ [Kur xi. 46]; and said to be thus called because one of them seems as though about to swallow the other, on account of its nearness to it: (Ibn-Kunáseh:) or three stars [app. ε and μ with the star of the same magnitude next to them on the north] on [or rather near] the left hand of Aquarius; [the Twenty-third Mansion of the Moon:] (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius:) [See also art. بلع:] b6: سَعْدُ السُّعُودِ (S, L, K) Two stars, the most approved of the سُعُود, and therefore thus named, resembling سعد الذابح [app. a mistake for سَعْدُ البَارِعِ, or some other سعد, not of the Mansions of the Moon,] in the time of their [auroral] rising; (Ibn-Kunáseh;) the star β] which is on the left shoulder-joint of Aquarius, together with the star δ] in the tail of Capricornus; [the Twentyfourth Mansion of the Moon:] (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius:) or a certain solitary bright star: (S:) b7: سَعْدُ الأَخْبِيَةِ (S, L, K) [also called الأَخْبِيَةُ and الخِبَآءُ (see خِبَآءٌ in art. خبى)] Three stars, not in the track of the other سُعُود, but declining from it [a little], in, or respecting, which there is a discordance; they are neither very obscure nor very bright; and are thus called because, when they rise [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles of the earth, such as scorpions and serpents, come forth from their holes; (Ibn-Kuná- seh;) [and this observation is just; for this asterism, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, on the 24th of February, O. S., after the end of the cold season: see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل:] or it consists of three stars, like the three stones upon which the cooking-pot is placed, with a fourth below one of them; (S;) the star [g] that is on the right arm, together with the three stars ζ, η, and π,] on the right hand of Aquarius: so called because, when it rises [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles that have hidden themselves beneath the ground by reason of the cold appear: (Kzw, descr. of Aquarius; [in some copies, incorrectly, for “ that have hidden themselves,” &c., “ hide themselves beneath the ground by reason of the cold: ”]) it is said that the سعد is one star, the brightest of four, the other three of which are obscure; and it is [correctly] said to be called thus because, when it rises [aurorally], the venomous or noxious reptiles that are hidden beneath the ground come forth: it is the Twenty-fifth Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw, descr. of the Mansions of the Moon:) b8: the following are the other سعود, which are not Mansions of the Moon: (S, L, K:) b9: سَعْدُ نَاشِرَةَ (S, L, K) [Two stars, situate, accord. to Ideler, as is said in Freytag's Lex., in the tail of Capricornus]: b10: سَعْدُ المَلِكِ (S, L, K) The two stars [a and o?] on the right shoulder of Aquarius: (Kzw:) b11: سَعْدُ البِهَامِ (S, L, K) The two stars ε and θ?] on the head of Pegasus: (Kzw: [but ii. the copies of his work the name is written سَعْدُ البَهَائِمِ:]) b12: سَعْدُ الهُمَامِ (S, L, K) The two stars ζ and 31 ?] on the neck of Pegasus: (Kzw:) سَعْدُ البَارِعِ (S, L, K) The two stars near together μ and and λ?] in the breast of Pegasus: (Kzw:) b13: سَعْدُ مَطَرٍ (S, L, K) The two stars η and ο ?] on the right [or left ?] knee of Pegasus: (Kzw: but there called سَعْدُ المَطَرِ:) b14: each سعد of these six consists of two stars: between every two stars, as viewed by the eye, is [said to be] a distance of a cubit, (ذِرَاع,) (S, L,) or about a cubit; (K;) [but this is not correct;] and they are disposed in regular order. (S, L.) b15: It is also the name of A certain object of idolatrous worship that belonged to the sons of Milkán (S, K) the son of Kináneh, (S,) in a place on the shore of the sea, adjacent to Juddeh. (TA.) A poet says, وَهَلْ سَعْدُ إِلَّا صَخْرَةٌ بِتَنُوفَةٍ

مِنَ الأَرْضِ لَا تَدْعُو لِغَىٍّ وَلَا رُشْدِ [And is Saad aught but a mass of rock in a desert tract of the earth, not inviting to error nor to a right course?]. (S, TA.) Hudheyl is said to have worshipped it in the Time of Ignorance. (TA.) b16: بِنْتُ سَعْدٍ is metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) The virginity, or hymen, of a girl or woman. (TA.) b17: ↓ أَسَعْدٌ أَمْ سُعَيْدٌ, meaning (tropical:) Is it a thing liked or a thing disliked? (S, A, K,) is a prov., (S, A,) which [is said to have] originated from the fact that Saad and So'eyd, [the latter name erroneously written in some copies of the S and K سَعِيد,] the two sons of Dabbeh the son of Udd, went forth (S, K, TA) to seek some camels belonging to them, (TA,) and Saad returned, but So'eyd was lost, and his name became regarded as unlucky: (S, K, TA:) Dabbeh used to say this when he saw a dark object in the night: and hence it is said in allusion to care for one's relation; and in inquiring whether a good or an evil event have happened. (TA.) [The saying may also be rendered, Is it a fortunate thing or a little fortunate thing?] b18: سَعْدَيْكَ, in the saying لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ, signifies Aiding Thee after aiding [i. e. time after time]; syn. إِسْعَادًا لَكَ بَعْدَ إِسْعَادٍ: (ISk, T, S, L, K:) or aiding Thee and then aiding: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, L:) or aiding thy cause after aiding [i. e. time after time]: (T, L:) and hence it is in the dual number: (IAth, L:) El-Jarmee says that it has no sing.; and Fr says the same of it, and also of لَبَّيْكَ: it is in the accus. case as an inf. n. governed by a verb understood. (L.) It occurs in the form of words preceding the recitation of the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án in prayer, لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ وَالخَيْرُ بَيْنَ يَدَيْكَ وَالسَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ [meaning I wait intent upon thy service, or upon obedience to Thee, time after time, and upon aiding thy cause time after time; and good is before Thee, and evil is not imputable to Thee]. (L, TA.) A2: Also The third part of the لَبِنَة [or gore] (K, TA) of a shirt: (TA:) [the dim.] ↓ سُعَيْدٌ signifies the fourth part thereof. (K, TA.) سُعْدٌ and ↓ سُعَادَى A certain kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known: (K:) or the former is pl. of ↓ سُعْدَةٌ, [or rather a coll. gen. n. of which سُعْدَةٌ is the n. un.,] and this last is [the name of] a certain kind of sweet-smelling root; it is a rhizoma (أَرُومَة), round, black, hard, like a knot; which forms an ingredient in perfumes and medicines: (AHn:) and ↓ سُعَادَى is the name of its plant; (Lth, AHn;) and its pl. is سُعَادَيَاتٌ: (AHn:) or the سُعْد is a certain plant having a root (أَصْل) beneath the ground, black, and of sweet odour: and the ↓ سُعَادَى is another plant: (Az:) [in the present day, the former of these two names (سُعْد) is applied to a species of cyperus: a species thereof is termed by Forskål (in his Flora Aegypt. Arab, pp. lx. and 14,) cyperus complanatus; and he writes its Arabic name “ sæad ” and “ sææd: ”] it has a wonderful efficacy applied to ulcers, or sores, that heal with difficulty. (K.) سُعُدٌ A certain sort of dates. (K, TA.) سُعْدَةٌ: see سُعْدٌ [of which it is the n. un.].

دُرُوعٌ سَعْدِيَّةٌ Coats of mail of the fabric of a town called السَّعْدُ. (TA.) سَعْدَانٌ, in which the ن is an augmentative letter, because there is not in the language any word of the measure فَعْلَالٌ except خَزْعَالٌ and قَهْقَارٌ unless it is of the reduplicative class, (S,) A certain plant, (S, K,) growing in the plain, or soft, tracts, (TA,) one of the best kinds of the pastures of camels, (S, K,) as long as it continues fresh; (TA;) having [a head of] prickles, (T, S, K,) called حَسَكَةُ السَّعْدَانِ, (T, S,) to which the nipple [or the areola] of a woman's breast is likened: (S, K: [see سَعْدَانَةٌ, below:]) the Arabs say that the camels that yield the sweetest milk are those that eat this plant: (TA:) and they fatten upon it: (Az, TA:) it is of the kind of plants called أَحْرَار [pl. of حُرٌّ, meaning slender, and succulent or soft or sweet], dust-coloured, and sweet, and eaten by everything that is not large, [as well as by camels,] and it is one of the most wholesome kinds of pasture: (AHn, TA:) it is a herb, or leguminous plant, having a round fruit with a prickly face, which, when it dries, falls upon the ground on its back, and when a person walking treads upon it, the prickles wound his foot: it is one of the best of their pastures in the days of the رِبيع, and sweetens the milk of the camels that feed upon it; for it is sweet as long as it continues fresh; and in this state men such it and eat it: (Az, L:) the n. un. is with ة. (TA.) Hence the prov., مَرْعًى وَلَا كَالسَّعْدَانِ [Pasture, but not like the سعدان]: (S, K:) said of a thing possessing excellence, but surpassed in excellence by another thing; or of a thing that excels other things of the like kind. (TA.) b2: Also The prickles of the palm-tree. (AHn, TA.) سُعْدَانَ, like سُبْحَانَ, is a name for الإِسْعَاد [inf. n. of 4, and, like سبحان, invariable, being put in the accus. case in the manner of an inf. n.]: one says, سُبْحَانَهُ وَسُعْدَانَهُ, meaning أُسَبِّحُهُ وَأُطِيعُهُ [i. e. I declare, or celebrate, or extol, his (i. e. God's) remoteness, or freedom, from every imperfection, or impurity, &c., (see art. سبح,) and I render Him obedience, or aid his cause]. (K, TA.) سَعْدَانَةٌ n. un. of سَعْدَانٌ. (TA.) b2: سَعْدَانَةُ الثَّنْدُوَةِ The nipple of a woman's breast; as being likened to the [head of] prickles of the plant called سَعْدَان, as mentioned above: (S, K:) or سَعْدَانَةُ الثَّدْىِ, i. e. the blackness [or areola] around the nipple: (A:) or the part surrounding the ثَدْى [here meaning nipple], like the whirl of a spindle. (TA.) b3: [Hence likewise,] سَعْدَانَةٌ signifies also The knot of the شِسْع [or appertenance that passes between two of the toes and through the sole] of the sandal, (S, A, K,) beneath, (A, K,) next the ground; (S;) also called رُغْبَانَةٌ. (K in art. رغب.) b4: And The knot beneath the scale of a balance: (K, * TA:) the knots beneath the scale of a balance (S, A) are called its سَعْدَانَات. (A.) b5: And the pl., سَعْدَانَاتٌ, Things in the lower parts of the [tendons, or sinews, called] عُجَايَة, resembling nails (أَظْفَار). (S, K.) b6: Also the sing., The callous protuberance upon the breast of the camel, (S, A, K,) upon which he rests when he lies down: (A, TA:) so called because of its roundness. (TA.) b7: and The anus: (K:) or the sphincter thereof. (TA.) b8: And The part of the vulva of a mare where the veretrum enters. (TA.) A2: Also A pigeon: or السَّعْدَانَةُ is the name of a certain pigeon. (K, *, TA.) سَعِيدٌ, applied to a man, (S, Msb,) Prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity; (T, S, A, Msb, K;) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things; (Msb;) as also ↓ مَسْعُودٌ: (A, * K:) or the latter signifies, (T, S, Msb,) or signifies also, (K,) and so may the former signify, (T, TA,) rendered prosperous, fortunate, happy, or in a state of felicity, by God; (T, S, Msb, K;) irregularly derived from أَسْعَدَهُ, (S, * K * MF,) or regularly from سَعَدَهُ: (T, Msb:) one should not say مُسْعَدٌ: (S, K:) fem. of the former [and latter] with ة: (TA:) pl. of the former سُعَدَآءُ, (A, Msb, TA,) and, accord. to Lh, سَعِيدُونَ and أَسَاعِدُ; but ISd says, I know not whether he mean [of] the [proper] name or of the epithet; but أَسَاعِدُ as pl. of سَعِيدٌ is anomalous: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ مَسْعُودٌ is [مَسْعُودُونَ and] مَسَاعِيدُ. (A, TA.) A2: Also A نَهْر [i. e. river, or rivulet, or canal of running water,] (K, TA) that irrigates the land in the parts adjacent to it, when it is appropriated thereto: or a small نَهْر: the نَهْر for irrigation of a tract of seed-produce: pl. سُعُدٌ. (TA.) سُعَيْدٌ: see سَعْدٌ, [of which it is the dim.,] in the last quarter of the paragraph, in two places.

سَعَادَةٌ an inf. n. of سَعِدَ (MA, TA) and of سُعِدَ, (TA,) or a simple subst., (Msb,) Prosperity, good fortune, happiness, or felicity, of a man; (S, Msb, K;) contr. of شَقَاوَةٌ; (S, Msb, * K;) with respect to religion and with respect to worldly things: (Msb:) [and so ↓ سَعْدٌ used as a simple subst.:] it is of two kinds; أُخْرَاوِيَّةٌ [relation to the world to come] and دُنْيَاوِيَّةٌ [relating to the present world]: and the latter is of three kinds; نَفْسِيَّةٌ [relating to the soul] and بَدَنِيَّةٌ [relating to the body] and خَارِجِيَّةٌ [relating to external circumstances]. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. شقو.) [See also what next follows.]

سُعُودَةٌ Prosperousness, fortunateness, auspiciousness, or luckiness, (S, L,) of a day, and of a star or an asterism [&c.]; (L;) [as also ↓ سَعْدٌ used as a simple subst.;] contr. of نُحُوسَةٌ. (S, L.) السَّعِيدَةُ A temple to which the Arabs (K, TA) of the tribe of Rabeea (TA) used to perform pilgrimage, (K, TA,) at [Mount] Ohod, in the Time of Ignorance. (TA.) سُعَادَى: see سُعْدٌ, in three places.

سَعِيدِيَّةٌ A sort of garments of the kind called بُرُود, of the fabric of El-Yemen: (S, K:) app. so called in relation to the mountains of BenooSa'eed. (TA.) b2: And حُلَّةٌ سَعِيدِيَّةٌ [A certain kind of dress]: so called in relation to Sa'eed Ibn-El-'Ás, whom, when a boy, or young man, the Prophet clad with a حُلَّة, the kind of which was thence thus named. (Har. p. 596.) سَاعِدٌ The fore arm (ذِرَاع) of a man; (K;) the part of the arm from the wrist to the elbow; (T, L;) or from elbow to the hand: (Mgh, Msb:) so called because it aids the hand in seizing a thing (T, Msb) or taking it (T) and in work: (Msb:) or it signifies, (S,) or signifies also, (Msb,) the upper arm, or upper half of the arm, from the elbow to the shoulder-blade, syn. عَضُدٌ, [q. v.,] (S, Msb,) of a man: (S:) [and in like manner, of a beast, both the fore shank and the arm:] in some one or more of the dialects, the upper of the زَنْدَانِ [which may mean either the upper arm or the radius]; the ذِرَاع being the lower of them [which may mean either the “ fore arm ” or the “ ulna ”]: (L, TA:) of the masc. gender: (Msb:) pl. سَوَاعِدُ. (T, Mgh, Msb, TA.) One says, شَدَّ اللّٰهُ عَلَى سَاعِدِكَ and سَوَاعِدِكُمْ [May God strengthen thy fore arm and aid thee, and your fore arms and aid you]. (A, TA.) b2: and hence, [A kind of armlet;] a thing that is worn upon the fore arm, of iron or brass or gold. (Mgh.) b3: [Hence also,] سَاعِدَا الطَّائِرِ (assumed tropical:) The two wings of the bird. (S, K.) b4: And السَّوَاعِدُ (tropical:) The anterior, or primary, feathers of the wing: so in the phrase, طَائِرٌ شَدِيدُ السَّوَاعِدِ (tropical:) [A bird strong in the anterior, or primary, feathers of the wing]. (A, TA.) b5: Also the sing., (assumed tropical:) A chief, upon whom people rely. (TA.) b6: And the pl., سَوَاعِدُ, (tropical:) The channels in which water runs to a river or small river (نَهْر), (S, A, K,) or to a sea or large river (بَحْر); (AA, S, K;) the sing. said by AA to be سَاعِدٌ, without ة: or this latter signifies a channel in which water runs to a valley, and to a sea or large river (بَحْر): or the channel in which a large river (بَحْر) runs to small rivers (أَنْهَار). (L.) And (tropical:) The places from which issues the water of a well: the channels of the springs thereof. (L.) b7: Also (assumed tropical:) The medullary cavities; the ducts through which runs the marrow in a bone. (S, K.) b8: And (tropical:) The ducts (AA, A, TA) in the udder (A, TA) from which the milk comes (AA, A, TA) to the orifice of the teat; as being likened to the سواعد of the بَحْر: (AA, TA:) the قَصَب of the udder: (As, TA:) or سَاعِدٌ signifies the orifice of a she-camel's teat, from which the milk issues: and سَاعِدُ الدَّرِّ, a duct by which the milk descends to the she-camel's udder: and in like manner سَاعِدٌ signifies a duct that conveys the milk to a woman's breast or nipple. (TA.) b9: أَمْرٌ ذُو سَوَاعِدَ means (tropical:) An affair having several modes, or manners, [in which it may be per-formed,] and several ways of egress therefrom. (A, TA.) سَاعِدَةٌ The bone of the shank. (TA.) b2: and A piece of wood, (K, TA,) set up, (TA,) that holds the pulley. (K, TA.) A2: سَاعِدَةُ is a name of The lion: (S, K:) imperfectly decl., like أُسَامَةُ. (TA.) أَسْعَدُ [More, and most, prosperous or fortunate or happy; an epithet applied to a man:] masc. of سُعْدَى: (S, K:) but IJ says that سُعْدَى as an epithet has not been heard. (TA.) A2: Also A [cracking of the skin, such as is termed] شُقَاق, resembling mange, or scab, that happens to a camel, and in consequence of which he becomes decrepit, (K, TA,) and weak. (TA.) مَسْعُودٌ: see سَعِيدٌ, in two places.

سود

1 سَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (Msb, TA) and سُودٌ and سُودَدٌ [and its vars. mentioned in the next sentence] and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (TA,) or سُودَدٌ is a simple subst. signifying as expl. below, (Msb,) He was, or became, [a سَيِّد, i. e. chief, lord, master, &c.; or] possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility. (Msb, TA.) b2: [It is also trans.:] you say, سَادَ قَوْمَهُ, (S, M, * A,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K *) and سُودٌ (M, K *) and سُودَدٌ, (S, M, A, K *) in which last the [final] د is added to render the word quasi-coordinate to words of the measure فُعْلَلٌ, as جُنْدَبٌ and بُرْقَعٌ, (S,) and سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA *) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K, *) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and سَيْدُودَةٌ, (S, M,) He was, or became, the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.,] of his people; (S;) [he ruled his people, or held dominion over them;] and ↓ اِسْتَادَهُمْ signifies the same. (M, L.) And سَادَهُ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ and سِيَادٌ and سُودَدٌ [&c.], He exercised rule, or dominion, over him. (MA.) [See also سُودَدٌ below.] b3: [Hence,] سَادَتْ نَاقَتِى المَطَايَا (tropical:) My she-camel left behind the [other] camels or beasts. (A, TA.) b4: سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ: see 3.

A2: سَوِدَ and سَادَ as syn. with اِسْوَدَّ: see this last, in three places.

A3: سَادَهُ as syn. with سَاوَدَهُ: see this latter.

A4: سَادَ, aor. ـُ also signifies He drank water such as is termed مَسْوَدَة, which occasions a disease termed سُوَادِ. (M, K.) b2: And سِيدَ, (M,) or سُئِدَ, like عُنِىَ, (K,) He was, or became, affected with السُّوَاد. (M, K. [In the former, the context indicates that this means here a disease that attacks the liver from eating dates: in the latter, that it here means a disease incident to sheep or goats.]) 2 سوّدهُ قَوْمُهُ, [inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ,] His people made him a سَيِّد [i. e. chief, lord, &c.; generally meaning over them]. (S, M, * A.) It is said in a trad. of 'Omar, تَفَقَّهُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَوَّدُوا, (M,) or ↓ تَسَوَّدُوا [for تَتَسَوَّدُوا], (O,) meaning Learn ye knowledge, or science, before ye be [made] chiefs, looked at; for if ye learn not before that, ye will be ashamed to learn after becoming advanced in age, or attaining to full growth, (بَعْدَ الكِبَرِ,) and so will remain ignorant, taking it [i. e. knowledge] from the younger ones, and that will lower your estima-tion: (M:) or the meaning is, before ye be married, and become masters of houses, or tents, and be diverted by the marriage-state from [the acquisition of] knowledge, or science. (Sh, O.) [See also 5.] b2: سوّد also signifies He slew: (Az, TA:) or [the inf. n.] تَسْوِيدٌ signifies the slaying of سَادَة [i. e. chiefs, lords, &c., pl. of سَيِّدٌ]. (K.) b3: [And accord. to the K, تَسْوِيدٌ is also syn. with جُرْأَةٌ The being bold, daring, brave, or courageous: but accord. to the O, سَوَّدَ signifies خَرِئَ He voided his excrement, or ordure; as though from what next follows: which of these two explanations is right (for it seems improbable that both are right) I find no ex. to indicate.]

A2: سَوَّدْتُهُ, (S, M, * TA,) or سوّدته بِالسَّوَادِ, inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (Msb,) I blackened it; made it, or rendered it, أَسْوَد [i. e. black]; (S, * M, Msb; *) I changed its بَيَاض [or whiteness] to سَوَاد [or blackness]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, سوّد وَجْهَهُ lit. He, or it, blackened his face: meaning (assumed tropical:) rendered his face expressive of sorrow, or displeasure; or grieved, or displeased, him: and also, disgraced him: see the contr. بَيَّضَ: and see also 9. b3: Hence also سوّد meaning He wrote anything in a rough manner, as one writes the first draught, or original copy, of a book or the like; contr. of بَيَّضَ in this sense also: probably post-classical.] b4: And سّود الإِبِلَ, (S, M, O,) inf. n. تَسْوِيدٌ, (S, K,) (assumed tropical:) He beat, or pounded, old worn-out hair-cloth, and applied it as a remedy to the galls, or sores, on the backs of the camels. (Fr, A'Obeyd, S, M, O, K. *) b5: And سَوِّدُوا ضَيْفَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) Feed ye your guest with something to allay the craving of his stomach before the morning-meal (الغَدَآء). (ElUmawee, TA in art. لهج.) 3 سَاْوَدَ ↓ سَاوَدَنِى فَسُدْتُهُ (S, A, K, * &c.) He vied with me, or contended with me for superiority, in the rank, or quality, or qualities, of a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.], and I overcame, or surpassed, him therein: (S, A, L, K: *) A2: and also He vied with me in blackness, and I surpassed him therein. (S, L, K. *) b2: And ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, He met him in the blackness of the night. (M, L.) b3: And سَاوَدْتُهُ, (S, A, O,) inf. n. سِوَادٌ (S, O, K *) and مُسَاوَدَةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) I spoke secretly with him; (S, A, O, K; *) because you bring near your سَوَاد [or person] to his [when you so speak with another]; or [because] originally meaning I brought near my سَوَاد, i. e. person, to his: (S:) or ساودهُ, inf. n. سِوَادٌ, signifies he spoke secretly with him, and so brought near his سَوَاد to his [the other's]; as also ↓ سَادَهُ, inf. n. سَوْدٌ. (M.) It was said to the daughter of El-Khuss, Wherefore didst thou commit fornication? (S, O, L,) or What caused thee to commit fornication? or Wherefore didst thou become pregnant? (M, L,) thou being the mistress of thy people? (S, O, L:) and she answered, قُرْبُ الوِسَادِ وَطُولُ السِّوَادِ, (S, M, O, L, [in my two copies of the S قُرْبَ and طُولَ, as though a verb were understood,]) i. e. [The nearness of the pillow, and the long continuance of] secret speaking with another: (Lh, M, L:) or, as some say, السواد here means the enticing to جِمَاع: or, as others say, الجَمَاع itself [if the question put to her were the last mentioned above]. (M, L.) b4: ساودهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He acted deceitfully, or guilefully, with him: (K:) or he endeavoured to turn him [to a thing] by blandishment, or by deceitful arts; or to entice him; as shown above. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a lion. (O, K.) b6: And ساودت الإِبِلُ النَّبَاتَ (assumed tropical:) The camels laboured at the herbage with their lips, and could not master it, because of its shortness (O, K) and its scantiness. (K.) 4 أَسَادَ and أَسْوَدَ He begat a boy that was a سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.]: (S, O, K:) or they signify, (O, K,) or signify also, (S,) he begat a black boy: (S, O, K:) or he had a black child born to him: (M:) and اسودت she brought forth black children. (A.) 5 تسوّد He became married: (K:) or he became married, and master of a house, or tent. (Sh, O.) See 2, second sentence.8 إِسْتَوَدَ see 1. b2: استادوا بَنِى فُلَانٍ They slew the سَيِّد [or chief, lord, &c.,] of the sons of such a one: (Az, S, M, O, K:) or (so in the K, but in the S and O “ and in like manner ”) they took him captive: (S, O, K:) or they asked, or demanded, of him a woman in marriage. (IAar, S, M, O, K.) And استاد القَوْمَ, and فِى القَوْمِ, and مِنْهُمْ, He asked, or demanded, in marriage, a سَيِّدَة [or woman of rank or quality], among the people: (M:) or استاد فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and مِنْهُمْ, he married one of the chief, or noble, women of the sons of such a one. (IAar, O.) And استاد He married among سَادَة [or chiefs, lords, &c.]. (L.) 9 اسوّد, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. اِسْوِدَادٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ اسوادّ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسوِيدَادٌ; (S, K;) and in poetry it is allowable to say ↓ اِسْوَأَدَّ, to avoid the concurrence of two quiescent letters; imperative [of ↓ the second] اِسْوَادِدْ, and the last two letters in this may be incorporated together [so that you may say اِسْوَادّ]; (S;) said of a thing; (S, Msb;) and ↓ سَوِدَ, (S, M, Msb,) said of a man, (S, TA,) and of a thing, (TA,) aor. ـْ (Msb;) and ↓ سَادَ, (M,) first Pers\. سُدْتُ, a form used by some; (S;) It, and he, became أَسْوَد [i. e. black]: (S, M, Msb, K:) and ↓ اسوادّ it, or he, became intensely so. (TA.) Nuseyb says, فَلَمْ أَمْلِكْ سَوَادِى وَتَحْتَهُ ↓ سَوِدْتُ قَمِيصٌ مِنَ القُوهِىِّ بِيضٌ بَنَائِقُهْ [I am black, (for Nuseyb was a slave,) and am not master of my person; but beneath it, or within it, is a shirt like the cloth of Koohistán, the gores of which are white: by this قميص he means his heart; القَمِيصُ, or قَمِيصُ القَلْبِ, tropically meaning “ the pericardium; ” and, by a synecdoche, “the heart itself, with its appertenances ”]. (S, TA.) b2: [Hence,] اسودّ وَجْهُهُ [lit. His face became black: meaning] (tropical:) his face became expressive of grief, or sorrow, or displeasure, occasioned by fear [&c.]: (Bd in iii. 102:) he became grieved, sorrowful, or displeased; and confounded, or perplexed, and unable to see his right course, by reason of shame, or in consequence of a deed that he had done (Bd in xvi. 60) [&c.: and often meaning he became disgraced]: opposed to اِبْيَضَّ. (Bd in iii. 102.) 11 إِسْوَاْدَّ see 9, in three places. Q. Q. 4 اِسْوَأَدَّ: see 9, first sentence.

سَوْدٌ A سَفْح (M, K, TA) of a mountain, (M, TA,) [app. meaning, in this case, a low tract at the base, or foot, of a mountain,] forming a narrow strip of ground, (M, TA,) rough and black, (M,) or level, abounding with black stones, (K, TA,) which are rough, and the predominant colour whereof is blackness; seldom found but at a mountain in which is a mine: so says Lth: or a piece of ground in which are black rough stones resembling dry human dung: (TA:) or land, or ground, in which blackness predominates, which is seldom anywhere but at a mountain in which is a mine: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَادٌ: (M, TA:) and ↓ سَوْدَةٌ signifies a portion thereof; (M, Msb, K, TA;) and the pl. of this is سَوْدَاتٌ, and the pl. of سَوْدَاتٌ is ↓ أَسْوَادَتٌ, which occurs in a trad. (TA.) سُودٌ: see سُودَدٌ.

سَيْدٌ a contraction of سَيِّدٌ, q. v.

سِيدٌ: see art. سيد.

سَوْدَةٌ: see سَوْدٌ b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Land in which are palm-trees: opposed to بَيْضَةٌ. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also السَّوْدَآء, voce أَسْوَدُ, near the end.]) سُودَدٌ a subst. from سَادَ, inf. n. سِيَادَةٌ; signifying [The rank, station, or condition, or the quality or qualities, of a سَيِّد; i. e. chiefdom, lordship, mastery, &c.; or] glory, honour, dignity, (Msb,) or eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility: (M, Msb:) or this word, (S, M, K,) and its vars.

سُودُدٌ and سُؤْدَدٌ (M, TA) and سُؤْدُدٌ, (M, K,) of the dial. of Teiyi, (M,) and ↓ سُوِدٌ, (M, K,) are syn. with سِيَادَةٌ (S, M, K) and سَيْدُودَةٌ as inf. ns. of سَادَ [q. v.]. (S, M.) سَوْدَآءُ fem. of أَسْوَدُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) سَوْدَانَةٌ or سُودَانَةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سِيدَانَةٌ: see سِيدٌ, in art. سيد.

سُودَانِيَّةٌ, (M, A, TA,) or سَوْدَانِيَّةٌ, (Mgh, O,) and ↓ سَوْدَانَةٌ, (M, O,) or سُودَانَةٌ, with damm, like the first, (TA,) and ↓ سَوَادِيَّةٌ (A, K) and ↓ أَسْوَدُ (K) all signify the same; (TA;) A certain bird, that eats grapes: or i. q. عُصْفُورٌ [i. e. the sparrow; or a bird of the passerine kind]: (K:) or a certain small bird, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) having a long tail, (Mgh,) resembling the عصفور, (TA,) sometimes (Mgh) called also ↓ العُصْفُورُ الأَسْوَدُ, (Mgh, O,) of such a size that it may be grasped in the hand, that eats grapes (A, Mgh, O, TA) and dates (A, TA) and locusts. (Mgh, O, TA.) سَوَادٌ Blackness; contr. of بَيَاضٌ; (M, Mgh;) a certain colour, (S, Msb,) well known. (Msb.) One says, لَقِيَهُ فِى سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ [He met him in the blackness of night]. (TA.) And الشَّاةُ تَمْشِى فِى

سَوَادٍ وَتَأْكُلُ فِى سَوَادٍ وَتَنْظُرُ فِى سَوَادٍ [The sheep, or goat, walks in blackness, and eats in blackness, and looks in blackness]; meaning the blackness of its legs and of its mouth and of what is around its eyes. (Mgh, * Msb.) And إِذَا كَثُرَ البَيَاضُ قَلَّ السَّوَادُ [When whiteness becomes much, blackness becomes little]; by whiteness meaning milk; and by blackness, dates. (TA.) b2: Black clothing. (Mgh in art. بيض. [See its contr.

بَيَاضٌ.]) b3: [Hence,] سَوَادُ القَلْبِ (S, M, A, K) and ↓ سَوَادَتُهُ (M) and ↓ أَسْوَدُهُ and ↓ سَوْدَاؤُهُ (S, M, K) and ↓ سُوَيْدَاؤُهُ, (S, M, A, K,) the last a dim., (TA,) The heart's core; the black, or inner, part of the heart: or a black thing in the heart: or the black clot of blood that is within the heart [resembling a piece of liver (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán ”)]: or the heart's blood: i. q. حَبَّتُهُ: (S, M, K, TA:) or, as some say, دَمُهُ. (M, TA.) One says, اِجْعَلْهُمْ فِى سَوَادِ قَلْبِكَ (A, TA) and ↓ سُوَيْدَائِهِ (A) (tropical:) [Place them in the inmost part of thy heart; i. e. give them the best, or most intimate, place in thy affections]. (A, TA.) b4: سَوَادُ البَطْنِ signifies The liver. (L, TA.) b5: سَوادٌ is also syn. with شَخْصٌ (tropical:) [as meaning A person; and also, in a more general sense, a bodily, or corporeal, form or figure or substance]; (A'Obeyd, S, M, A, Msb, K;) of a man, and of other things; (Msb;) expressly said by A'Obeyd to be of any article of household goods or utensils and furniture and the like, and of other things: (M:) because appearing black when seen from a distance: (TA:) pl. أَسْوِدَةٌ and أَسَاوِدُ, (S, M, A,) the latter a pl. pl. (S, M.) El-Asshà says, تَنَاهَيْتُمُ عَنَّا وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيكُمُ

أَسَاوِدُ صَرْعَى لَمْ يُوَسَّدْ قَتِيلُهَا [Ye refrained from retaliating upon us when there were among you prostrate persons the slain whereof had not been pillowed in graves]: by the اساود meaning the شُخُوص of the slain. (S.) And it is said in a trad., إِذَا رَأَى أَحَدُكُمْ سَوَادًا بِلَيْلٍ فَلَا يَكُنْ أَجْبَنَ السَّوَادَيْنِ فَإِنَّهُ يَخَافُكَ كَمَا تَخَافُهُ [When any one of you sees a bodily form, or a person, by night, let him not be the more cowardly of the two bodily forms, or persons; for he feareth thee, like as thou fearest him]: سوادا here meaning شَخْصًا. (L.) The saying لَا يُزَايِلُ سَوَادِى بَيَاضَكَ is expl. by As as meaning لَا يُزايِلُ شَخْصِى شَخْصَكَ [i. e. My person will not separate itself from thy person]: سَوَادٌ, with the Arabs, meaning شَخْصٌ, and in like manner بَيَاضٌ. (IAar, L.) [Hence, app.,] قَالَ لِىَ الشَّرُّ أَقِمْ سَوَادَكَ [as though lit. signifying Evil said to me, Erect thy person]; meaning (assumed tropical:) be thou patient: a prov. (TA.) b6: As its pl. أَسَاوِدُ means the شُخُوص of the vessels of a house, [accord. to the statement of A'Obeyd cited above,] such as the مِطْهَرَة and the إِجَّانَة and the جَفْنَة, these being called أَسَاوِدُ الدَّارِ, it is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) Household goods or utensils or furniture and the like, absolutely. (Har p. 495.) [And in like manner] the sing. is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) The travelling-apparatus and baggage and train (ثَقَل) of a commander: (S:) and (assumed tropical:) the tents and apparatus and beasts and other things, collectively, of an army. (TA.) b7: Also, the sing., (assumed tropical:) Property, or cattle, &c.; syn. مَالٌ: (Aboo-Málik, TA:) or much thereof; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) as in the saying لِفُلَانٍ سَوَادٌ [To such a one belongs much property, &c.]. (A'Obeyd, S.) b8: Also (tropical:) A collection, company, or collective body, of men; (M, A, L;) as in the saying كَثَّرْتُ سَوَادَ القَوْمِ بِسَوَادِى (tropical:) [I increased the number of the collective body of the people, or party, by my person]: (A, TA:) and ↓ أًسْوَدَاتٌ and أَسَاوِدُ are used in the same sense; (M;) or [rather] as pls. of this meaning: (L, TA:) or all these as meaning (assumed tropical:) sundry, distinct or separate, sorts of men, or people: (M:) [but] سَوَادُ المُسْلِمِينَ means (assumed tropical:) the collective body of the Muslims: (Mgh, Msb:) and so السَّوَادُ الأَعْظَمُ, a tropical phrase [in which مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ is understood]: (A:) or this means (tropical:) the great number of the Muslims agreed in obedience to the Imám. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) The commonalty, or generality, of men of people: (S, K:) (assumed tropical:) the bulk, or main part, of a people: (M, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) the greater number. (Msb.) And (assumed tropical:) A great number (S, Msb, K) of any kind. (S.) b9: (assumed tropical:) A collection of palmtrees and of trees in general; on account of their greenness and blackness, because greenness nearly resembles blackness. (M, L.) b10: And (tropical:) The rural district of any province; i. e. the district around the towns or villages, and the رَسَاتِيق [i. e. districts of sown fields with towns or villages], of any province: (M, TA:) or the environs, consisting of towns, or villages, and of cultivated land, (A, TA,) [but more properly applied to the latter than to the former,] of a city, (A,) or of the chief city of a province: (TA:) or the towns, or villages, [but properly with the cultivated lands pertaining to them,] of a province of city: (K:) thus [particularly] of El-Koofeh and El-Basrah: (S, O:) hence, (A,) سَوَادُ العِرَاقِ, (A, Mgh, O, Msb,) or [simply] السَّوَادُ, (K,) the district of towns or villages, and cultivated lands, of El-'Irák; (O, K; *) or the district between ElBasrah and El-Koofeh, with the towns, or villages, around them; (A;) or extending in length from Hadeethet El-Mowsil to 'Abbádán, and in breadth from El-'Odheyb to Holwán; (Mgh;) so called because of the خُضْرَة [which means both greenness and a colour approaching to blackness] of its trees and its seed-produce; (Mgh, Msb;) for that which is أَخْضَر the Arabs term أَسْوَد because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb.) سُوَادٌ Secret speech with another; as also سِوَادٌ: (M, K, TA:) each a subst. from سَاوَدَهُ, accord. to A'Obeyd: (M, TA:) but [ISd says,] in my opinion the latter is the inf. n. of سَاوَدَ, [and as such it has been mentioned above, (see 3,)] and the former is the simple subst., the two words being like مُزَاحٌ and مِزَاحٌ: (M:) As disallowed the former, but it is authorized by AO and others. (TA.) A2: Also A certain disease incident to sheep or goats. (K.) b2: And A certain disease incident to man; (K;) a pain that attacks the liver, in consequence of eating dates, and that sometimes, or often, kills. (M, TA.) b3: And A yellowness in the complexion, and a greenness (خُضْرَة [app. here meaning a blackish hue inclining to greenness]) in the nail, (K, TA,) incident to people from [drinking] salt water. (TA.) سَيِّدٌ, (S, M, K, &c.,) of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [originally سَوِيدٌ, for a reason to be mentioned below; the kesreh upon the و, being deemed difficult of pronunciation, is suppressed, and the quiescent و and ى thus coming thgether, the latter receives the rejected kesreh, and the و is changed into ى and incorporated into the augmentative ى; as in the case of جَيِّدٌ with those who hold it to be originally جَوِيدٌ;] or, accord. to the Basrees, it is of the measure فَيْعِلٌ; [originally سَيْوِدٌ;] (S;) and also ↓ سَيْدٌ; (Mz, 40th نوع, section on the class of هَيِّنٌ and هَيْنٌ;) A chief, lord, or master: (M, L, Mgh, Msb: [accord. to the last of which, this is a secondary signification, as will be seen below:]) a prince, or king: (Fr, L:) one who is set before, or over, others: a master of a household: (L:) a woman's husband: (Fr, M, Msb:) a possessor, an owner, or a proprietor: (L, Msb:) a slave's master, or owner: (Fr, M, Msb:) a superior in rank or station or condition; one possessing pre-eminence or excel-lence; a man of rank or quality; a personage; a man of distinction: (L:) one who surpasses others in intelligence and property, and in repelling injury, and in beneficence, or usefulness, who makes a just use of his property, and aids others by himself: (ISh, L:) one possessed of glory, honour, dignity, eminence, exalted or elevated state, or nobility; (L, Msb; [accord. to the latter of which, this is the primary signification;]) generous, noble, or high-born: (L:) the most generous, noble, or high-born, of a people: (Msb:) a liberal, bountiful, or munificent, person: (Fr, L:) clement; forbearing; one who endures injurious treatment from his people: (L:) devout, abstaining from unlawful things, and clement, or forbearing: (Katádeh, L:) one who is not overcome by his anger: ('Ikrimeh, L:) accord. to As, the Arabs say that it signifies any one who is subdued, or repressed, by his principle of clemency, or forbearance: (L:) and ↓ سَائِدٌ signifies the same as سَيِّدٌ: or one inferior to a سَيِّد: (K:) or, accord. to Fr, one says, هٰذَا سَيِّدُ قَوْمِهِ اليَوْمَ [this is the lord, &c., of his people today]; but if you announce that he will be their سيّد after a little while, you say هُوَ سَائِدُ قَوْمِهِ عَنْ قَلِيلٍ, and سَيِّدُ: (S:) the fem. of سَيِّدٌ [and of ↓ سَائِدٌ] is with ة: (M, L, Msb:) pl. of سَيِّدٌ, (S, Msb,) or of ↓ سَائِدٌ, (M, K,) سَادَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سَيَائِدُ (S, K) and [pl. of سَادَةٌ] سَادَاتٌ: (Msb:) [J says that] سَادَةٌ is of the measure فَعَلَةٌ, [orinally سَوَدَةٌ,] because سَيِّدٌ is of the measure فَعِيلٌ; [as has been before mentioned;] and it is like سَرَاةٌ as pl. of سَرِىٌّ, the only other instance of the kind; this being shown to be the case by the fact that سَيِّدٌ has also as a pl. سَيَائِدُ, with ء, [and with the و changed into ى because it is so changed in the sing.,] like as أَفِيلٌ has أَفَائِلُ, and like as تَبِيعٌ has تَبَائِعُ; but the Basrees, who hold سَيِّدٌ to be of the measure فَيْعِلٌ, say that it becomes of the measure فَعَلَةٌ in the pl. as though it were سَائِدٌ, like قَائِدٌ, which has قَادَةٌ as a pl., and like ذَائِدٌ, which has ذَادَةٌ as a pl.; and they also say that سَيَائِدُ, with ء, as pl. of سَيِّدٌ, is contr. to analogy; for by rule it should be without ء. (S.) b2: [In the present day it is also particularly applied to signify, like شَرِيف, Any descendant of the Prophet.] b3: One of the poets has used it in relation to the jinn, or genii; saying, يَنْدُبْنَ سَيِّدَهُنَّةْ جِنٌّ هَبَبْنَ بِلَيْلٍ

[Genii that were roused from their sleep by night, summoning, or perhaps bewailing and eulogizing their chief]: Akh says that this is a well-known verse of the poetry of the Arabs: but it is asserted by one, or more, likewise deserving of reliance, that it is of the poetry of El-Weleed [and therefore post-classical]. (M.) b4: And the wild ass is called (assumed tropical:) the سَيِّد of his female. (TA.) b5: Also, (Ks, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ سِيَّدٌ, (K,) the latter on the authority of Aboo-'Alee, (TA,) applied to a he-goat, (assumed tropical:) Advanced in years: (Ks, S, M; Mgh, Msb, K:) or in its third year: (Mgh:) or great, though not advanced in years: (TA:) or it is of general application, for it occurs in a trad. applied to the camel and the ox-kind. (M, TA.) b6: And the former also signifies (assumed tropical:) What is most eminent, exalted, or noble, of any things: and is applied by Zj to the Kur-án, because, he says, it is سَيِّدُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) [The paragon of speech]. (M.) سِيَّدٌ: see the last sentence but one above.

سُوَيْدٌ the abbreviated dim. of أَسْوَدُ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) see the latter. b2: Also [as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Water; (M, Mgh, L;) as also ↓ أَسْوَدُ: (M: [but see الأَسْوَدَانِ, voce أَسْوَدُ:]) the former is [said to be] used in this sense in negative phrases only: (M, L:) one says, مَاسَقَاهُمْ مِنْ سُوَيْدٍ قَطْرَةً He gave them not to drink a drop of water. (M, Mgh, * L.) b3: أُمُّ سُوَيْدٍ means The anus; syn. الاِسْتُ; (K;) [and] so ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ. (M.) سَوَادَةُ القَلْبِ: see سَوَادٌ, near the beginning of the paragraph.

سُوَادِىٌّ [or perhaps سَوَادِىٌّ, i. e. “ belonging to the Sawád of El-'Irák,”] i. q. سِهْرِيزٌ (M) A wellknown sort of dates, (K voce سهريز,) found in abundance at El-Basrah. (TA ibid.) سَوَادِيَّةٌ: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ.

سُوَيْدَآءُ dim. of سُوْدَآءُ, fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v.: (Mgh:) b2: see also سَوَادٌ, in two places: b3: and سُوَيْدٌ: b4: and أَسْوَدُ, near the end of the paragraph. b5: Also A certain bird. (M.) b6: And Salt tracts (سِبَاخ) of [plants of the kind called] نَجِيل: Kr explains it by نِبْتَةٌ [app. a mistranscription for نَبْتَةٌ a plant]; without describing it. (M.) سَائِدٌ: see سَيِّدٌ, in the middle of the paragraph, in three places.

أَسْوَدُ Greater, and greatest, in respect of estimation, rank, or dignity; syn. أَجَلُّ: (S, K:) and, as some say, more [and most] liberal or bountiful or munificent: or more [and most] clement or forbearing. (TA.) One says, هُوَ أَسْوَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ He is greater &c. (أَجَلُّ) than such a one. (S.) And الأَسْوَدُ مِنَ القَوْمِ means The greatest &c. (الأَجَلُّ) of the people, or party. (K, TA.) A2: Also Black; i. e. having سَوَاد, (M, * Mgh,) which is the contr. of بَيَاض: (M, Mgh:) and ↓ أَسْوَدِىٌّ signifies the same as أَسْوَدُ: (Ham p.

379:) [or has an intensive signification, like أَحْمَرىٌّ:] the fem. of أَسْوَدُ is سَوْدَآءُ: (Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of أَسْوَدُ is ↓ أُسَيِّدُ, (S, Msb,) and it is allowable to say ↓ أُسَيْوِدُ, [as is shown by an ex. voce أَسَكُّ,] meaning [a little black thing; or blackish, or] approaching to black; (S;) and the abbreviated dim. is ↓ سُوَيْدٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb:) the dim. of سَوْدَآءُ is ↓ سُوَيْدَآءُ: (Mgh:) the pl. of أَسْوَدُ (M, Msb) and of سَوْدَآءُ (Msb) is سُودٌ (M, Msb) and سُودَانٌ [which latter is especially applied to human beings]. (M.) السُّودَانُ is said in the R to denote [The negroes;] that particular people, or race, who are the most stinking of mankind in the armpits and sweat, and the more so those who are eunuchs. (TA.) [It (i. e. السودان) is also sometimes used for أَرْضُ السُّودَانِ, or بِلَادُ السُّودَانِ, (The land, or the country, of the negroes,) or the like: it is thus used in the TA voce سَمْغَرَةُ.] and the epithet أَسْوَدُ is also applied by the Arabs to a thing that is أَخْضَر [i. e. green]; because it appears to be thus at a distance. (Msb. [See أَخْضَرُ: and see حَدِيقَةٌ دَهْمَآءُ and مُدْهَامَّةٌ, voce أَدْهَمُ.]) b2: [Hence,] أَسْوَدُ القَلْبِ and سَوْدَآؤُهُ: see سَوَادٌ. b3: [And السَّوْدَآءُ The black bile; one of the four humours of the body; of which the others are the yellow bile (الصَّفْرَآءُ), the blood (الدَّمُ), and the phlegm (البَلْغَمُ).] b4: أَسْوَدُ as opposed to أَحْمَرُ [and meaning The Arab race, and also, accord. to some, in this case also, the black]: see أَحْمَرُ, in two places. b5: As applied to a certain bird: see سُودَانِيَّةٌ, in two places. b6: Also, as a subst., (S,) or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, (Sh, M,) so that it is used as a subst., (Sh, TA,) but imperfectly decl., (TA,) (tropical:) A great serpent, (S, M, K,) in which is blackness: (S, M:) the worst and greatest and most noxious of serpents, than which there is none more daring, for sometimes it opposes itself to a company of travellers, and follows the voice, and it is that which seeks retaliation, and he who is bitten by it will not escape death: (Sh, TA:) it is pluralized as a subst., (Sh, S, M,) its pl. being

أَسَاوِدُ (S, M) and أَسَاوِيدُ and ↓ أَسْوَدَاتٌ: (M:) were it an epithet [used as such], its pl. would be سُودٌ: it is also called أَسْوَدُ سَالِحٌ, because it casts off its slough every year: you do not say أَسْوَدُ سَالِخٍ: (S:) the female is called ↓ أَسْوَدَةٌ, (S, M,) which is extr.; (M;) and to this the epithet سَالِخَةٌ is not applied. (S.) b7: الأَسْوَدَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The serpent and the scorpion; (Sh, Mgh, Msb, K;) which are to be killed during prayer: (Sh, Mgh, Msb:) so called by the attribution of predominance [to the former]. (Sh, TA.) b8: and (tropical:) Dates and water; (El-Ahmar, As, S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) both together being thus called by a term which properly applies to one only, [accord. to some,] for [they say that] الأَسْوَدُ alone signifies dates, not water, and especially, or mostly, the dates of El-Medeeneh; and in like manner, Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar together are called العُمَرَانِ; and the sun and the moon together, القَمَرَانِ: (TA:) or, as some say, it means water and milk; and is applied by a rájiz to water and the herb called الفَثّ, of [the grain of] which bread is made, and is eaten [in time of dearth or drought]. (M, L.) See also سُوَيْدٌ. b9: Also (assumed tropical:) The حَرَّة [or tract strewn with black and crumbling stones] and night: (S, M, L:) so called because of their blackness. (M, L.) A party came as guests to Muzebbid El-Medenee, and he said to them, “There is nothing for you with us but the أَسْوَدَانِ: ” and they replied, “Verily therein is a sufficiency: dates and water: ” but he said, “ I meant not that: I only meant the حَرَّة and the night. ” (S, M.) And as to the saying of 'Áïsheh, that she was with the Prophet when they had no food, but only the أَسْوَدَانِ, which is expl. by the lexicologists as meaning dates and water, [and thus by Mtr in the Mgh, ISd says,] in my opinion she only meant the حَرَّة and night. (M.) b10: هُوَ أَسْوَدُ الكَبِدِ [lit. He is black-livered] means (tropical:) he is an enemy: (A, TA:) and سُودُ الأَكْبَادِ means (tropical:) enemies. (M, A.) b11: You say also, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِغَنَمِهِ سُودَ البُطُونِ, and, in like manner, حُمْرَ الكُلَى, both meaning (tropical:) Such a one brought his sheep, or goats, in a lean, or an emaciated, state. (As, S, and A in art. حمر.) b12: and رَمَى بِسَهْمِهِ الأَسْوَدِ (tropical:) He shot with his lucky arrow, (A, K,) that was smeared with blood, (A,) by means of which he looked for good fortune, (K, TA,) because he had shot with it and hit the object shot at, (TA,) or as though it were black (K, TA) with blood, (TA,) or by its having been much handled. (K, TA.) b13: and كَلَّمْتُهُ فَمَا رَدَّ عَلَىَّ سَوْدَآءَ وَلَا بَيْضَآءَ (tropical:) I spoke to him, and he did not return to me a bad word nor a good one: (S, L:) or a single word. (A.) b14: وَطْأَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A footstep, or footprint, that is becoming effaced: a recent one is termed حَمْرَآءُ. (S.) b15: السَّوْدَآءُ (assumed tropical:) Cultivated, or planted, land; opposed to البَيْضَآءُ [q. v.]. (TA in art. بيض.

[See also سَوْدَةٌ.]) b16: [But سَنَةٌ سَوْدَآءُ means (assumed tropical:) A very severe year; more severe than such as is termed حَمْرَآءُ; which is more severe than the بَيْضآء, and still more so than the شَهْبَآء: see arts. شهب and حمر.] b17: الحَبَّةُ السَّوْدَآءُ, said in a trad. to be a remedy for every disease except death, (TA,) i. q. الشُّونِيزُ [q. v.], (K,) as also ↓ السُّوَيْدَآءُ, (TA,) [i. e.] this latter signifies حَبَّةُ الشُّونِيزِ, (M,) or properly الشِّينِيز, for thus the Arabs called it accord. to IAar: or, as some say, i. q. الحَبَّةُ الخَضْرَآءُ [q. v. in art. حب], because the Arabs [often] call black أَخْضَر, and green أَسْوَد. (TA.) A3: It is also used as an epithet denoting excess; but as such is anomalous, being formed from a verb whence the simple epithet is of the measure أَفْعَلُ: so in the saying, أَسْوَدُ مِنْ حَلَكِ الغُرَابِ [Blacker than the blackness, or intense blackness, of the crow, or raven: see حَلَكٌ]. (I'Ak p. 237. [See also its contr. أَبْيَضُ, voce بَيَاضٌ; and see Har p. 286.]) أَسْوَدَةٌ fem. of أَسْوَدُ, q. v., used as a subst. (S, M.) أَسْوَدَاتٌ: see سَوْدٌ: b2: and سَوَادٌ: b3: and أَسْوَدُ.

أَسْوَدِىٌّ: see أَسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

أُسَيْدِىٌّ, rel. n. of أُسَيِّدُ with the movent ى rejected, Of, or relating to, [a blackish colour, or] a colour approaching to black. (S.) أُسَيِّدُ and أُسَيْوِدُ: see أًسْوَدُ, fourth sentence.

مِسَادٌ, A skin for clarified butter, or for honey. (TA in this art. [See also art. مسد; and see مِسْأَدٌ, in art سأد.]) مَسُودٌ One over whom rule, or dominion, is exercised; or of whom another is سَيِّد [or chief, lord, master, &c.]. (TA.) مُسْوِدٌ [act. part. n. of أَسْوَدَ, q. v.:] with ة, i. e. مُسْوِدَةٌ, A woman who brings forth black children: the contr. is termed مُبْيِضَةٌ, (Fr, K in art. بيض,) or, more commonly, مُوضِحَةٌ. (O and TA in that art.) مَآءٌ مَسْوَدَةٌ Water that is a cause of [the disease called] سُوَاد (M, K, TA) to such as drink it. (TA.) ظّلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا, in the Kur [xvi. 60 and xliii.

16], means (assumed tropical:) [His face becomes, or continues, or continues all the day,] expressive of sorrow, or displeasure. (Mgh. [See the verb, 9.]) and أَيَّامٌ مُسْوَدَّةٌ means (assumed tropical:) [Days of] evil state or condition, and hardness, or difficulty, of living. (Har p. 304.) b2: [مُسْوَدَّةٌ The first draught, or original copy, of a book, or the like: (not called مُسَوَّدَةٌ:) opposed to مُبْيَضَّةٌ, q. v.: probably postclassical.]

مُسَوَّدٌ Guts (مُصْرَان) containing blood drawn by venesection from a she-camel, bound at the head, roasted and eaten. (IAar and K as expl. by MF.) المُسَوِّدَةُ The partisans of the dynasty of the 'Abbásees; [so called because they made their clothes black;] opposed to the مُبَيِّضَة. (S and K in art. بيض.) مَسْؤُودٌ part. n. of سُئِدُ. (K. [See 1, last signification.])

سطر

1 سَطَرَ, (S, M, Msb, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb;) inf. n. سَطْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K; *) and ↓ سطّر; (M;) and ↓ استطر; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) He wrote (S, M, * A, Msb, K) a writing or book. (M, Msb.) b2: [And سَطَرَ He ruled a book. (See مِسْطَرَةٌ.)]

b3: Also سَطَرَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K, TA,) (tropical:) He cut another man with a sword. (K, * TA.) b4: And سَطَرَهُ He prostrated him; threw him down prostrate. (S.) 2 سطّر: see 1. b2: Also, inf. n. تَسْطِيرٌ, He composed (M, K) lies, falsehoods, (TA,) or أَسَاطِير, i. e. stories having no foundation, &c. (M.) b3: Also, [not تسطّر as in Gol.,] He said what was false: and he pretended a false thing. (KL.) And سطّر عَلَيْنَا He told us أَسَاطِير, i. e. stories having no foundation; or no right tendency or tenour: (M, K:) or he told us stories resembling falsehoods: (Lth:) or he embellished stories to us with lies: (TA:) or he related to us wonderful stories of the ancients. (A.) And سطّر فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one told falsehoods to such a one. (Msb.) b4: And سطّرهُ He made him to form wishes, or desires. (Sgh, TA.) 4 اسطر اسْمِى He passed over the line in which was my name. (Az, K.) b2: And اسطر (tropical:) He committed a mistake, or an error, (Ibn-Buzurj, K, TA,) in his reading, or recitation. (K.) 8 إِسْتَطَرَ see 1, first sentence.11 اسطارّ, aor. ـْ [app. signifies It (beverage, or wine,) became what is termed مُِسْطَار or مُسْطَارّ, q. v.] (TA.) Q. Q. 1 سَيْطَرَ عَلَيْنَا, (S, M, A, K,) inf. n. سَيْطَرَةٌ; (A;) and سَوْطَرَ; (K;) or سُوطِرَ; (so in a copy of the M; [but see what is said below respecting the pass. form of سَيْطَرَ;]) and ↓ تَسَيْطَرَ; (A, K;) He had, or exercised, absolute authority over us: (M, A, K:) or he was set in absolute authority over us, to oversee us, and to pay frequent attention to our various states or conditions, and to write down our manner of action: (S:) or he acted as a watcher and guardian over us, (M, K, TA,) paying frequent attention to us: (TA:) also written with ص in the place of س; but originally it is with س, from السَّطْرُ: and every س immediately followed by ط may be changed into ص: (TA:) the pass. form of سَيْطَرَ is not used. (T.) Q. Q. 2 تَسَيْطَرَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سَطْرٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) originally an inf. n., [see 1,] (S,) and ↓ سَطَرٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) A line (S, M, K) of a book or writing: (M, A, K:) and a writing: (S, K:) and (tropical:) a line or row (S, M, A, Msb, K) of buildings, (S, A,) and of trees, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) &c., (Msb, K,) and [particularly] of palm-trees, and the like, (M,) [and so, app., ↓ مُسْطَارٌ, q. v.:] pl. (of the former, S, Msb) أَسْطُرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and (of the latter, S) أَسْطَارٌ (S, M, A, K) [both pls. of pauc.] and (of the former, S, Msb) سُطُورٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and أَسَاطِيرُ (Lh, S, M, K) is a pl. pl., (S, K,) i. e. pl. of أَسْطَارٌ. (S.) You say, كَتَبَ سَطْرًا مِنْ كِتَابَةٍ

[He wrote a line of writing]: (A:) and بَنَى سَطْرًا (tropical:) He built a row (S, A) مِنْ بِنَائِهِ [of his building]: (A:) and غَرَسَ سَطْرًا (tropical:) He planted a row (S, A) مِنْ وَدِيِّهِ [of his palm-shoots, or young palm-trees]. (A.) b2: [Hence the saying,] اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ سَطْرًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) A2: Also the former, (سَطْرٌ,) A yearling (عَتُودٌ, T, M, K) of goats, (M,) or of sheep or goats: (T, K:) and صَطْرٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (IDrd, M.) سَطَرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُطُرٌ: see أُسْطُورَةٌ.

سُطْرَةٌ (tropical:) An object of wish or desire. (K, TA.) You say, رَاجَعْتُ فُلَانًا وَلَمْ يُسَاعِدْ سُطْرَتِى (tropical:) [I consulted such a one, and he did not aid in the accomplishment of the object of my wish or desire]. (TK.) سَطَّارٌ: see what next follows.

سَاطِرٌ (tropical:) A butcher; (Fr, O, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَطَّارٌ. (Fr, O, TA.) سَاطُورٌ A butcher's cleaver; (MA, O, K; *) i. e. the great knife with which the butcher cuts [the slaughtered beast: pl. سَوَاطِيرُ]. (O.) أُسْطُورَةٌ [resembling the Greek ἱστορία] (S, M, A, Msb, K) and أُسْطُورٌ (M, Msb, K) and إِسْطَارَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and إِسْطَارٌ and إِسْطِيرَةٌ and إِسْطِيرٌ (M, K) sings. of أَسَاطِيرُ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) which signifies Lies; or falsehoods; or fictions: (S, Msb, TA:) or stories having no foundation, or no right tendency or tenour: (لَا نِظَامَ لَهَا:) [such as we commonly term legends:] (M, K:) or wonderful stories of the ancients: (A:) or their written stories: (Bd in viii. 31:) or their written tales: (Jel in lxxxiii. 13:) or their written lies: (Bd in xxiii. 85, and Jel in xxvii. 70:) or stories embellished with lies; as also ↓ سُطُرٌ: (TA:) or, accord. to some, أَسَاطِيرُ is pl. of أَسْطَارٌ which is pl. of سَطْرٌ: or, accord. to AO, اساطير is pl. of أَسْطُرٌ which is pl. of سَطْرٌ: or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, اساطير has no sing.: (M:) or the pl. of أَسْطُرٌ, accord. to AO, is أَسَاطِرُ, i. e., without ى: or, as some say, اساطير is an irreg. pl. of سَطْرٌ. (TA.) مِسْطَرَةٌ An instrument with which a book is ruled (يُسْطَرُ) [made of a piece of pasteboard with strings strained and glued across it, which is laid under the paper; the latter being ruled by being slightly pressed over each string]. (TA.) مُسَطَّرٌ Written. (S, M.) مُسَطِّرٌ: see مُسَيْطِرٌ.

مُسْطَارٌ: see سَطْرٌ. b2: (assumed tropical:) Dust rising into the sky; (K, TA;) as being likened to a row of palm-trees or other things. (TA.) A2: Also, (thus in some copies of the K, and so correctly written accord. to Sgh, with damm, TA,) or مِسْطَارٌ, (thus in the S, and in some copies of the K,) with kesr to the م, (S,) or with teshdeed, [مُسْطَارٌّ,] as written by Ks, and this also shows it to be with damm, being in this case from إِسْطَارَّ, aor. ـْ (Sgh, TA,) A kind of wine in which is acidity; (S;) an acid kind of wine: (A'Obeyd, K:) or a kind of wine which prostrates its drinker: (K:) or new, or recently-made, wine, (K,) of which the taste and odour are altered: (TA:) or wine made of the earliest of grapes, recently: (T, TA:) or a wine in which is a taste between sweet and sour; also termed ↓ مُسْطَارَةٌ: (Har p. 618:) Az says, it is of the dial. of the people of Syria; and I think that it is Greek, [or perhaps it is from the Latin “ mustarius,” which is from “ mustum,”] because it does not resemble an Arabic form: it is with ص, or, as some say, with س; and [app. a mistake for “ or ”] I think it to be of the measure مُفْتَعَلٌ from صَارَ, with the ت changed into ط. (TA.) مُسْطَارَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, مُسَيْطِرٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and ↓ مُسَطِّرٌ, (S, K,) as also مُصَيْطِرٌ, (S, A,) One who has, or exercises, absolute authority (M, A, K) over others: (M:) one who is set in absolute authority over a thing [or people], to oversee it, and to pay frequent attention to its various states or conditions, and to write down its manner of action: from السَّطْرُ: (S:) or a watcher and guardian; (M, K;) one who pays frequent attention to a thing. (Msb, * TA.)

سور

1 سَارَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, K,) inf. سُؤُورٌ, (S,) or سَوْرٌ, (M,) or both, (K,) or سَوْرَةٌ, (Mgh,) [but this last is an inf. n. of un.,] He leaped or sprang, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) إِلَيْهِ to, or towards, him, (S, M, K,) and عَلَيْهِ upon him. (A.) b2: He leaped, or sprang, [or committed an assault, upon another,] like as he does who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cup-companion in his intoxication. (TA. [See also 3.]) b3: [Hence,] سَارَ الشَّرَابُ فِى رَأْسِهِ, (S, M, A, K,) inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سُؤُورٌ (M, K) and سُوُورٌ, agreeably with the root, (M,) and سُوَارٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) [The wine assaulted, or rushed into, his head]: (A:) [or] the wine circulated in his head, and rose into it: (M, K:) or سَارَ الشَّرَابُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ and سَوْرَةٌ, the wine had an overpowering influence upon the head: (Msb:) and سَارَتْ فِيهِ حُمَيَّا الكَأْسِ the force or overpowering influence, (سَوْرَة,) [or fumes,] of the cup of wine mounted, or rose, to his head, or into his head. (TA in art. حمى.) b4: And سار, aor. as above, (assumed tropical:) He was angry. (Msb.) b5: سار, aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْرٌ, also signifies He (a man) rose, or became elevated. (M.) سُرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِى أَعَالِى السُّورِ means I rose to him [upon the upper, or uppermost, parts of the wall of the city or town &c.]. (TA.) b6: And one says to a man, سُرْسُرْ [Rise thou, rise thou, to eminence,] in enjoining aspiration to the means of acquiring eminence, or nobility: (IAar, K, * TA:) from سُرْتُ الحَائِطَ, meaning I ascended, or mounted, upon the wall. (TA.) b7: See also 5, in two places.

A2: سُورَبِهِ: see 2 in art. سير.2 سَوَّرَ [سوّر, inf. n. تَسْوِيرٌ, He walled a city or town &c. (See 2 in art. خفر.)] b2: See also 5.

A2: and سَوَّرْتُهُ, [inf. n. as above, (see an ex. voce دَهْقَنَ,)] I put upon him [or decked him with] the سِوَار [or bracelets; or I decked him with bracelets]. (S.) 3 مُسَاوَرَةٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, of two antagonists, each upon the other, or their assaulting, or assailing, each other, in mutual fight. (Har p. 329.) b2: And ساورهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُسَاوَرَةٌ and سِوَارٌ, (M, K,) He leaped, or sprang, upon him; he assaulted, or assailed, him; syn. وَاثَبَهُ. (S, M, K.) You say, الحَيَّةُ تُسَاوِرُ الرَّاكِبَ [The serpent springs upon, or assaults, the rider]. (A.) And it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, فَكِدْتُ أُسَاوِرُهُ فِى الصَّلَاةِ, meaning And I was near to leaping upon him, or assaulting him, and fighting him, during prayer. (TA.) [See also 1.] You say also, سَاوَرَتْنِى الهُمُومُ (tropical:) [Anxieties assaulted, or assailed, me]. (A.) b3: Also i. q. أَخَذَ بِرَأْسِهِ [which, as it is mentioned immediately after سَوَّارٌ in the last of the senses assigned to that word below, is app. said of speech, or language, meaning (assumed tropical:) It had an overpowering influence upon his head]. (M, K.) 5 تسوّرهُ He ascended, or mounted, upon it; (namely, a wall;) as also ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. سَوْرٌ: (TA:) he climbed, ascended, or scaled, it, (namely, a wall,) like a thief; (IAar, S, * M, A, * K, * TA;) as also تسوّر عَلَيْهِ; (M;) and ↓ سَارَهُ, inf. n. as above: (K:) and he climbed, or ascended, and took, it; as also تسوّر عليه, and ↓ سوّرهُ: (TA: [this last from a trad., in which, however, the verb is, in my opinion, probably mistranscribed:]) he climbed, or ascended, its سُور [or wall]. (Bd in xxxviii. 20.) A2: And تسوّر He put on himself [or decked himself with] the سِوَار [or bracelet; or he decked himself with bracelets]. (S.) 6 تَساوُرٌ signifies The leaping, or springing, one with [or upon] another. (KL. [See also 3.]) b2: And تَسَاوَرْتُ لَهَا means رَفَعْتُ لَهَا شَخْصِى [I raised, or elevated, my person to her, or it, or them; or stretched myself up &c.; like تَطَاوَلْتُ]. (TA.) 8 اِسْتَارَ: see اِسْتَرَى in art. سرو, from which it is formed by transposition.

سُورٌ The wall of a city [or town &c.]: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) [properly] masc.; but Ibn-Jurmooz, in a verse, makes it fem., because it is a part of the مَدِينَة: (M:) pl. أَسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and سِيرَانٌ. (S, K.) b2: And The upper, or uppermost, part of the head; occurring in a trad., as some relate it; or, accord. to others, it is ↓ سُورَة; or شُؤُون, which is said by some of the later authors to be the reading commonly known. (TA.) A2: See also سُورَةٌ, in three places.

A3: And see سِوَارٌ.

A4: Also An entertainment of a guest or guests; (K;) a repast to which people are invited: (Abu-l-'Abbás, TA:) a Pers\. word, honoured by the Prophet; (K;) i. e. by his saying to his companions, as is related in a trad., قُومُوا فَقَدْ صَنَعَ جَابِرٌ سُورًا [Arise ye, for Jábir has made an entertainment, or a repast]. Abu-l-'Abbás, TA.) A5: [It is also the name of A species of fig, called by Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. cxxiv. and 180,) ficus sur, (not “ mimosa sur,” as in Freytag's Lex.,) observed by him at Jubleh, in El-Yemen.]

سَوْرَةٌ A leap, or spring. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The assault of wine upon the head; or its rush into the head: and in like manner, the assault, or rush, of venom, such as that of the scorpion: (S:) or the force, or strength, of wine &c.; (M, K, Msb, and MF voce حَدٌّ;) as also ↓ سُوَارٌ; (M, K;) and in like manner, of hunger: (Msb:) the overpowering influence of wine upon the head: (Msb:) or ↓ سُوَارٌ signifies the creeping of wine in the head: and سَوْرَةٌ is said to signify the assault, or force, or intoxicating operation, or overpowering influence upon the head, (حُمَيَّا,) produced by the creeping of wine, in, or through, the drinker: and in like manner, فَرَحٍ ↓ سُوَارُ means (assumed tropical:) a motion of joy like the creeping of wine in the head. (TA.) b3: [(assumed tropical:) A paroxysm of fever. b4: (assumed tropical:) An ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness, of anger; as when] one says إِنَّ لِغَضَبِهِ لَسَوْرَةً (assumed tropical:) [Verily his anger has an ebullition, a fierceness, or an impetuousness]: (S:) [(tropical:) an outburst, or outbreak, of anger: and] (assumed tropical:) anger itself: [or (assumed tropical:) a fit of anger, or irritation:] pl. سَوْرَاتٌ. (Msb.) b5: [(assumed tropical:) The flush, or impetuosity, of youth: see حُمَيَّا.] b6: Impetuousness in war. (A.) [It is said in the TA that فُلَانٌ ذُوسَوْرَةٍ فِى الحَرْبِ meansذُو نَظَرٍ شَدِيدٍ, i. e. Such a one has strong inspection in war: but I think that نَظَرٍ is here a mistranscription for سَطْوٍ, i. e. impetuousness.] b7: Violence, force, or oppression, and tyranny, of a Sultán: (S, K:) and might, or valour, (Msb, TA,) of a Sultán. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) Vehemence, or intenseness, of cold: (K:) or vehement, or intense, cold. (M.) You say, أَخَذَتْهُ السَّوْرَةُ (assumed tropical:) Intense cold seized him. (TA.) b9: See also سُورَةٌ.

سُورَةٌ (tropical:) Eminence, or nobility: (S, A, K:) rank or station: (S, M, A, K:) or high, or exalted, rank or station: (Ibn-Es-Seed:) excellence: (A:) pl. سُوَرٌ and ↓ سُورٌ: [the latter of which is an anomalous pl.; or a coll. gen. n. of which سُورَةٌ is the n. of un., as in another sense mentioned below:] (M:) and سُورَةٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَوْرَةٌ, (K,) a mark, or sign, of glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; and height thereof. (M, K.) You say, لَهُ سُورَةٌ فِى المَجْدِ (tropical:) He has eminence in glory. (A.) And لَهُ سُورَةٌ عَلَيْكَ (tropical:) He has superiority, and rank or station, over, or above, thee; he is of higher rank or dignity than thou. (A.) and سُوَرُ الإِبِلِ, (M,) [in the A سُوَرٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ,] or ↓ سُوْرُ الإِبِلِ, (K,) means (assumed tropical:) The excellent ones of camels: (M, K:) sing. سُورَةٌ, which, accord. to some, signifies hardy and strong. (M.) b2: سُورَةٌ also signifies What is goodly and tall, of structures. (M, K.) b3: And The extremity (حَدّ) of anything. (IAar, TA.) b4: See also سُورٌ. b5: Also A row of stones or bricks of a wall: (L, K: in the L, عَرَقٌ مِنْ أَعْرَاقِ الحَائِطِ: in the K, عَرَقٌ من عُرُوقِ الحائط, or, as in the CK, عِرْقٌ الخ:) any degree (مَنْزِلَة) of a structure: (S:) pl. ↓ سُورٌ, (S, K,) [or this is a coll. gen. n.,] like as بُسْرٌ is of بُسْرَةٌ, (S,) and سُوَرٌ. (K.) b6: Hence its application in relation to the Kur-án, [to signify A chapter thereof,] because each of what are thus called forms one degree, or step, (S, M, * K,) distinct from another, (S, K,) or [leading] to another: (M:) or from the same word signifying “ eminence: ” (IAar:) or as being likened to the wall of a city: (B:) some pronounce it with hemz; (see art. سأر;) but it is more common without: (TA:) pl. سُوَرٌ, (S, Msb,) and سُورَاتٌ and سُوَرَاتٌ are also allowable. (S.) b7: A sign, or token. (IAar, M, K.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا سُورَةٌ Between them two is a sign, or token. (IAar, M.) سُوَارٌ: see سَوْرَةٌ, in three places: A2: and see what here follows.

سِوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ سُوَارٌ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ إِسْوَارٌ (S, MF, and others) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (M, K) A woman's bracelet, (S, * M, Msb, * K,) syn. قُلْبٌ, (M, K, [in the CK, erroneously, قَلْب,]) of silver or of gold; (Zj;) [and a man's bracelet also: see 2 and 5, and see also مُسَوَّرٌ:] all arabicized, from the Pers\. دستوار [دَسْتْوَارْ or دَسْتَوَارْ or دَسْتُوَارْ]: (B, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] of سِوَارٌ, (S, M, Msb,) and of سُوَارٌ, (M,) أَسْوِرَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and (pl. pl., M) أَسَاوِرُ, (S, M, K,) accord. to Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà pl. of إِسْوَارٌ, (S,) and أَسَاوِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) also pl. of إِسْوَارٌ or أُسْوَارٌ, (M, TA,) or of أَسْوَرَةٌ, or perhaps of أَسَاوِرُ; (S;) and (pl. of mult., M) ↓ سُورٌ, (M, Msb, K,) originally سُوُرٌ, like كُتُبٌ pl. of كِتَابٌ, (Msb,) and سُؤُورٌ, (K, [in a copy of the M سُوُرٌ,]) said by Sb to be used by poetic license. (M, TA.) سَوَّارٌ is an epithet applied to a dog [as meaning Wont to spring or leap or assault]. (A.) b2: and it signifies The lion; (TS, K;) because of his leaping, or springing; (TA;) as also ↓ مُسَاوِرٌ. (TS, TA.) b3: Also One who is wont to leap or spring upon another, or to assault him; (S;) who behaves in an annoying manner towards his cupcompanion in his intoxication; (S, A, Mgh;) who assaults [or insults] his cup-companion when he drinks. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) One into whose head wine quickly rises: (M, K:) as though it were he himself that rose. (M.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Speech, or language, that has an overpowering influence upon the head (الَّذِى يَأْخُذُ بِالرَّأْسِ). (M, K.) سُوَّارَى Height: so expl. by Th as used in the saying, كَمَا تُحِبُّ فرَخَهَا الحُبَارَى أُحِبُّهُ جُبًّا لَهُ سُوَّارَى

[I love him with a love that has height (i. e. rising to a high degree), like as the bustard loves her young one]: meaning that the bustard is stupid, and, when she loves her young one, is excessive in stupidity. (M.) أُسْوَارٌ: see the next paragraph: A2: and see also سِوَارٌ.

إِسْوَارٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ أُسْوَارٌ (S, M, K) The leader of the Persians; (M, A, Msb, K;) like the أَمِير among the Arabs: (Msb:) or their greatest king: arabicized [from the Pers\. سُوَارْ]: (TA: [but said in the A to be tropical:]) or a horseman of the Persians, (A 'Obeyd, S, TA,) who fights: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) or one who is firm on the back of his horse: (K:) or one who excels in sitting firmly on the back of his horse: (M:) or (so in the M, but in the A and K “ and ”) one who is skilful in shooting arrows: (M, A, K:) pl. أًَسَاوِرَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and أَسَاوِرُ; (M, K;) in the former of which the ة is to compensate for the ى of the original form, which is أَسَاوِيرُ. (S.) b2: See also الخَضَارِمَةُ.

A2: And see سِوَارٌ.

مِسْوَرٌ A leathern pillow, upon which one leans, or reclines; as also ↓ مِسْوَرَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. مَسَاوِرُ. (TA.) مِسْوَرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

مُسَوَّرٌ [Decked with a bracelet or bracelets. and hence,] (tropical:) Made a king [or chief]. (A, TA. [See دَهْقَنَ.]) b2: And The place of the bracelet; (M, K;) like as مُخَدَّمٌ signifies the “ place of the خَدَمَة. ” (M.) مُسَاوِرٌ: see سَوَّارٌ.