حكم

1 حَكَمَهُ, (S, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. حُكْمٌ, (Msb, K, [in the TK حَكْمٌ,]) in its primary acceptation, (Msb,) He prevented, restrained, or withheld, him (S, Msb, K) from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner; as also ↓ احكمهُ: (K:) and (K) from doing that which he desired; as also ↓ احكمهُ; and ↓ حكّمهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: (S:) and حُكُومَةٌ [is another inf. n. of حَكَمَهُ, and], accord. to As, primarily signifies the turning a man back from wrongdoing. (TA.) Ibrá-heem En-Nakha'ee is related to have said, ↓ حَكِّمِ اليَتِيمَ كَمَا تُحَكِّمُ وَلَدَكَ, meaning Restrain thou the orphan from acting in an evil, or a corrupt, manner, and make him good, or virtuous, as thou restrainest thine offspring &c.: and of every one whom thou preventest, or restrainest, or withholdest, from doing a thing, thou sayest, [حَكَمْتُهُ and] ↓ حكّمته and ↓ احكمته: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, as related by Sh, the forementioned saying of En-Nakh'ee means let the orphan decide respecting his property, when he is good, or virtuous, as thou lettest thine offspring &c.; but this explanation is not approved. (Az, TA.) And Jereer says, سُفَهَآءَكُمْ ↓ أًبَنِى حَنِيفَةَ أَحْكِمُوا

إِنِّى أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمُ أَنْ أَغْضَبَا [O sons of Haneefeh, restrain your lightwitted ones: verily I fear for you that I may be angry]: (S, TA:) i. e., restrain and prevent them from opposing me. (TA.) You say, also, عَنِ ↓ احكمهُ الأَمْرِ He made him to turn back, or revert, from the thing, or affair. (K.) b2: حَكَمَ الفَرَسَ, and ↓ احكمهُ, and ↓ حكّمهُ, He pulled in the horse by the bridle and bit, to stop him; he curbed, or restrained, him. (TA.) And حَكَمَ الدَّابَّةَ, (S,) or الفَرَسَ, (K,) inf. n. حَكْمٌ; (S; [so in my two copies of that work;]) and ↓ أَحْكَمَهَا, (S,) or احكمهُ; (K;) He put a حَكَمَة [q. v.] to the bit of the beast, or horse. (S, * K.) b3: And ↓ حكّم الحَوَادِثَ (assumed tropical:) [He controlled events: see مُحَكَّمٌ]. (MF.) b4: حَكَمْتُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا originally signifies I prevented, restrained, or withheld, him from doing, or suffering, any other than such a thing, so that he could not escape it. (Msb.) [Hence it means I condemned him to such a thing; as, for instance, the payment of a fine or of a debt, and death.] And hence, (Msb,) حَكَمَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. حُكْمٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and حُكُومَةٌ, (K,) He judged, gave judgment, passed sentence, or decided judicially, بَيْنَهُمْ between them, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and لَهُ in his favour, and عَلَيْهِ against him. (S, TA.) And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِالأَمْرِ He decided judicially the thing, or affair, or case, against him. (K, TA.) And حَكَمَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ بِكَذَا [He awarded by judicial sentence in his favour, against him (i. e. another person), such a thing]. (Mgh.) [And حَكَمَ عَلَيْهِ He exercised judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government, over him. and حَكَمَ بِكَذَا He ordered, ordained, or decreed, such a thing.]

A2: حَكَمَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He turned back, or reverted, from the thing, or affair. (IAar, Az, K.) A3: حَكُمَ, (S, MA, TA,) with damm to the ك, (S,) like كَرُمَ, (TA,) [not حَكَمَ as in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag,] inf. n. حُكْمٌ (KL, MA) and حِكْمَةٌ, (MA,) He was, or became, such as is termed حَكِيمٌ [i. e. wise, &c.]. (S, KL, MA, TA.) b2: And حكم, inf. n. حكم, [so in the TA, without any syll. signs, app. حَكُمَ inf. n. حُكْمٌ,] is said of a man, signifying He reached the utmost point, or degree, in its meaning (فِى

مَعْنَاهُ [i. e., app., in what is the radical meaning of the verb, namely, in judging; like قَضُوَ]); in praising, not in dispraising. (TA.) 2 حكّمهُ, inf. n. تَحْكِيمٌ: see 1, in five places. b2: Also [He made him judge; or] he committed to him the office of judging, giving judgment, passing sentence, or deciding judicially; (Mgh, Msb;) or he ordered him to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially; (K;) or he allowed him to judge, &c.; (TA;) فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair, or case. (K.) And حَكَّمْتُهُ فِى مَالِى

I gave him authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting my property. (S, TA.) b3: Hence, حَكَّمَتِ الخَوَارِجُ The [schismatics called the] خوارج asserted that judgment (الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (Mgh.) تَحْكِيمُ الحَرُورِيَّةِ, in the K, erroneously, ↓ تَحَكُّمُ الحروريّة, (TA,) signifies The assertion of the [schismatics called] حروريّة that there is no judgment (حُكْم) but God's, (K, TA,) and that there is no judge (حَكَم) but God. (TA.) 3 حاكمهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, (K,) inf. n. مُحَاكَمَةٌ, (S,) He summoned him to the judge, and litigated with him, (S, K, TA,) seeking judgment: and he made a complaint of him to the judge; or brought him before the judge to arraign him and litigate with him, and made a complaint of him. (TA.) And حَاكَمْنَاهُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ We summoned him to the judgment of God [administered by the Kádee]. (TA.) بِكَ حَاكَمْتُ, occurring in a trad., is said to mean I have submitted the judgment [of my case] to Thee, and there is no judgment but thine; and by Thee [or thy means or aid] I have litigated in seeking judgment and in proving the falseness of him who has disputed with me in the matter of religion. (TA. [The past tense, here, is perhaps used as a corroborative present.]) 4 أَحْكَمَ see 1, in seven places. The saying of Lebeed, describing a coat of mail, أَحْكَمَ الجِنْثِىَّ مِنْ عَوْرَاتِهَا كُلُّ حِرْبَآءٍ إِذَا أُكْرِهَ صَلٌّ is explained as meaning Every nail repelled the sword from its interstices: [when it was struck with force, it made a clashing sound:] or, as some say, [the right reading is الجنثىُّ and كُلَّ, (as in the S in arts. جنث and صل,) and, accord. to some, صَنْعَتِهَا in the place of عوراتها, (as in the S and M in art. صل,) and] the meaning is, the manufacturer thereof made firm, or strong, every nail [of its interstices, or of its fabric: &c.]: احكم in this case signifying أَحْرَزَ [agreeably with the explanation here next following]. (TA.) b2: احكمهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْكَامٌ, (TA,) i. q. أَتْقَنَهُ [He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing, S, Mgh, Msb,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing: and he knew it, or learned it, soundly, thoroughly, or well; see 1, last sentence, in art. حنك]. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 1], كِتَابٌ أَحْكِمَتْ آيَاتُهُ (TA) i. e. [A book whereof the verses are rendered valid] by arguments and proofs; (Bd;) or by command and prohibition, and the statement of what is lawful and unlawful: (TA:) or disposed in a sound manner, (Ksh, Bd,) with respect to the words and meanings, (Bd,) like a building firmly and orderly and well constructed: (Ksh:) or prevented from being corrupted (Ksh, Bd) and from being abrogated: (Bd:) or made to be characterized by wisdom, (Ksh, Bd:) as comprising the sources of speculative and practical wisdom. (Bd.) and hence one says of a man such as is termed حَكِيم, [i. e. wise, &c.,] قَدْ أَحْكَمَتْهُ التَّجَارِبُ [Tryings have rendered him firm, or sound, in judgment]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, أُحْكِمَ عَنْ كَذَا It was secured from such a thing: see مُحْكَمٌ.] b4: [إِحْكَامٌ is also often used as the inf. n. of the pass. verb, signifying The being firm, &c.; or firmness, &c.: see مِرَّةٌ.] b5: See also حَكَمَةٌ.5 تحكّم فِيهِ He did [or decided] according to his own judgment, or did what he judged fit, respecting it, or in it: (Msb:) or he had authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, respecting it; (K, TA;) as also فيه ↓ احتكم: (S, K:) each is quasi-pass. of حَكَّمَهُ; the former regular, and the latter irregular: (TA:) or the former signifies he pretended to have authority to judge, &c. (KL.) You say, عَلَىَّ ↓ احتكم فِى مَالِى He had authority over me to judge, &c., respecting my property. (S.) b2: See also 2.6 تحاكموا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ They summoned one another to the judge, [seeking judgment, (see 3,)] and litigated; as also إِلَيْهِ ↓ احتكموا. (S, TA.) 8 إِحْتَكَمَ see 5, in two places: b2: and 6: b3: and 10.10 استحكم He (a man) refrained from what would injure him in his religion and his worldly concerns. (Aboo-' Adnán, TA.) b2: Also quasipass. of أَحْكَمَهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ; (Msb, K;) [It was, or became, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, firmly and closely joined or knit together, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well, made or constructed or constituted or established or settled or arranged or done or performed or executed: and, said of a quality or faculty &c., it was, or became, firm, strong, sound, free from defect or imperfection, established, or confirmed:] and, said of an affair, or a case, it was, or became, in a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing; as also ↓ احتكم. (TA.) b3: استحكم عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, became confused and dubious to him; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ: so in the A. (TA. [But this seems to require confirmation.]) حُكْمٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v.,] originally signifies Prevention, or restraint. (Msb.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) Judgment, or judicial decision: (S, Msb, K, TA:) or judgment respecting a thing, that it is such a thing, or is not such a thing, whether it be necessarily connected with another thing, or not: (TA:) [whence,] in logic, [what our logicians term judgment; i. e.] the judging a thing to stand to another [thing] in the relation of an attribute to its subject, affirmatively or negatively; or the perception of relation or non-relation: (Kull:) or it properly signifies judgment with equity or justice: (Az, TA:) and ↓ حُكُومَةٌ signifies the same; (K, TA;) originally, accord. to As, the restraint of a man from wrongdoing: (TA:) [each, though an inf. n., being used as a simple subst., has its pl.:] the pl. of the former is أَحْكَامٌ, (K,) [properly a pl. of pauc., but] its only pl. form: and the pl. of the latter is حُكُومَاتٌ. (TA.) You say, وَ يَفْصِلُ ↓ هُوَ يَتَوَلَّى الحُكُومَاتِ الخُصُومَاتِ [He presides over the affairs of judgment, and decides litigations]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ لَحُكْمًا meaning Verily, of poetry, there is that which is true judgment: so says Er-Rághib: or, as others say, profitable discourse, such as restrains from, and forbids, ignorant and silly behaviour; i. e., [what contains] exhortations and proverbs profitable to men: or, the right reading is, as some relate it, ↓ لَحِكْمَةً [i. e. wisdom, &c.]: (TA:) or حِكَمًا [pl. of حِكْمَة]. (So in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer ” of Es-Suyootee.) b3: [The exercise of judicial authority; jurisdiction; rule; dominion; or government. See also حُكُومَةٌ. b4: An ordinance; a statute; a prescript; an edict; a decree; or a particular law; like قَضَآءٌ. Hence the phrase حُكْمَ العَادَةِ According to custom or usage; properly, according to the ordinance of custom or usage. b5: A rule in grammar &c.; as when one says, حُكْمُ الفَاعِلِ الرَّفْعُ or أَنْ يُرْفَعَ, i. e. The rule applying to the case of the agent is that it be put in the nom. case; and حُكْمُهُ حُكْمُ كَذَا, or كَحُكْمِ كذا, i. e. The rule applying to it is the same as the rule applying to such a thing, or like the rule applying to such a thing. b6: It may often be rendered Predicament: (thus the last of the foregoing exs. may be rendered Its predicament is the same as the predicament of such a thing, or like the predicament of such a thing:) and حُكْمًا, or فِى الحُكْمِ, predicamentally, or in respect of predicament; and virtually; as distinguished from لَفْظًا (literally), and حَقِيقَةً (really), and the like.] b7: Also Knowledge of the law in matters of religion. (TA.) b8: See also حِكْمَةٌ, in two places. It is a more general term than حِكْمَةٌ; for all حِكْمَة is حُكْم, but the reverse is not the case. (Er-Rághib, TA.) حَكَمٌ: see حَاكِمٌ, in two places; and مُحَكِّمٌ.

[Hence,] الحَكَمُ [The Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: A man advanced in age (K, TA) to the utmost degree. (TA.) A2: See also حَكَمَةٌ.

حِكْمَةٌ [properly, or primarily,] signifies What prevents, or restrains, from ignorant behaviour: (Mgh:) [in its most usual sense, which is wisdom, agreeably with explanations here following,] it is derived from حَكَمَةٌ, signifying a certain appertenance of a beast, [a kind of curb,] because it prevents its possessor from having bad dispositions: (Msb:) it means knowledge; or science; (S, K;) as also ↓ حُكْمٌ: (S, TA:) or [generally] knowledge of the true natures of things, and action according to the requirements thereof; and therefore it is divided into intellectual and practical: or a state, or quality, of the intellectual faculty: this is the theological حِكْمَة: in the Kur xxxi. 11, by the حِكْمَة given by God to Lukmán, is meant the evidence of the intellect in accordance with the statutes of the law: (TA:) in the conventional language of the learned, it means the perfecting of the human mind by the acquisition of the speculative sciences, and of the complete faculty of doing excellent deeds, according to the ability possessed: (Bd on the passage of the Kur above mentioned:) or it means the attainment of that which is true, or right, by knowledge and by deed: so that in God it is the knowledge of things, and the origination thereof in the most perfect manner: and, in man, the knowledge and doing of good things: or it means acquaintance with the most excellent of things by the most excellent kind of knowledge: (TA:) [and in the modern language, philosophy: pl. حِكَمٌ:] see حُكْمٌ. b2: Also Equity, or justice, (K, TA,) in judgment or judicial decision; and so ↓ حُكْمٌ. (TA.) b3: and i. q. حِلْمٌ; (K, TA;) i. e. [Forbearance, or clemency, or] the management of one's soul and temper on the occasion of excitement of anger: which, if correct, is nearly the same as equity or justice. (TA.) b4: And Obedience of God: and knowledge in matters of religion, and the acting agreeably therewith: and understanding: and reverential fear; piety; pious fear; or abstinence from unlawful things: and the doing, or saying, that which is right: and reflection upon what God has commanded, and doing according thereto. (TA.) b5: And [Knowledge of] the interpretation of the Kur-án, and saying that which is right in relation to it: so in the Kur ii. 272. (TA.) b6: And The gift of prophecy, or the prophetic office; (K, TA;) and apostleship: so in the Kur ii. 252 and iii. 43 and xxxviii. 19: (TA:) or in the [first and] last of these instances it means b7: The Book of the Psalms [of David]: or, as some say, any saying, or discourse, agreeable with the truth: (Mgh:) and it also means [in other instances] the Book of the Law of Moses: (TA:) and the Gospel: and the Kur-án: (K:) because each of these comprises what is termed الحِكْمَةُ المَنْطُوقُ بِهَا, i. e. the secrets of the sciences of the law and of the course of conduct; and الحِكْمَةُ المَسْكُوتُ عَنْهَا, i. e. the secrets of the science of the Divine Essence. (TA.) حَكَمَةٌ [A kind of curb for a horse;] a certain appertenance of a beast; so called because it renders him manageable, or submissive, to the rider, and prevents him from being refractory and the like; (Msb;) or because it prevents him from vehement running: (TA:) it is the appertenance of the لِجَام [or bridle] that surrounds the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw]: the Arabs used to make it of untanned thong or of hemp; because what they aimed at was courage, not finery: (S:) or the appertenance of the لجام that surrounds the حَنَكَانِ [which word app. here means the two jaws] of the horse, and in which are [attached] the عِذَارَانِ [or two side-pieces of the headstall, that lie against the two cheeks]: (K:) or a ring which surrounds the مَرْسِن [or part of the nose which is the place of the halter] and the حَنَك [or part beneath the chin and lower jaw], of silver or iron or thong: (IDrd in his Book on the Saddle and Bridle:) or a ring which is upon (فى) the mouth of the horse: (ISh, TA:) pl. حَكَمَاتٌ (S, TA) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ حَكَمٌ. (TA.) Zuheyr says, describing horses, حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ meaning قَدْ أُحْكِمَتْ بِحَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ بِحَكَمَاتِ الأَبَقِ [That had been curbed with curbs of untanned thong, and with curbs of hemp]: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, [the meaning is that had been furnished with curbs &c.; for he says that]

احكمت is here made trans. because it implies the signification of قُلِّدَتْ: (TA:) some relate the hemistich thus: حَكَمَاتِ القِدِّ وَ الأَبَقَا ↓ مَحْكُومَةً

[furnished with curbs of untanned thong, and hemp]. (S, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) The chin of a sheep (S, K) or goat. (S.) b3: And, of a man, (tropical:) The fore part of the face: (K, TA:) or, as some say, the lower part of the face: a metaphorical term from the حَكَمَة of the لِجَام: (TA:) or [in some copies of the K “ and ”] (tropical:) his head: [accord. to the CK, or the fore part of the head of a man:] and (tropical:) his state, or condition: and (tropical:) rank, and station. (K, TA.) You say, رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ حَكَمَتَهُ (tropical:) God exalted, or may God exalt, his head, or his state, or condition, and his rank, and station: because the stooping of the head is a characteristic of the low, or abject. (TA.) And لَهُ عِنْدَنَا حَكَمَةٌ (tropical:) He has rank in our estimation. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَالِى الحَكَمَةِ (tropical:) [Such a one is elevated in respect of rank, or station.] (TA.) A2: [See also حَاكِمٌ, of which it is a pl.]

حَكِيمٌ Possessing knowledge or science; [in its most usual sense,] possessing حِكْمَة [as meaning wisdom]; (S, TA; [see also أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ;]) [wise; a sage: and in the modern language, a philosopher: and particularly a physician:] one who performs, or executes, affairs firmly, solidly, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; (S, IAth;) so that it is, in this sense, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفْعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) one who executes well, and firmly, solidly, &c., the niceties of arts: (TA:) [pl. حُكَمَآءُ.] الحَكِيمُ [as meaning The All-wise] is one of the names of God. (TA.) b2: الذِّكْرُ الحَكِيمُ, applied to the Kur-án, means [The admonition] that decides judicially in your favour and against you: or that is rendered free from defect or imperfection; in which is no incongruity, nor any unsoundness. (TA.) حُكُومَةٌ an inf. n. of حَكَمَ [q. v.]: (K:) [and used as a simple subst.; pl. حُكُومَاتٌ:] see حُكْمٌ, in two places. b2: Also [Judicial authority; authority to judge, give judgment, pass sentence, or decide judicially, فِى أَمْرٍ respecting an affair, or a case;] a subst. from اِحْتَكَمَ and تَحَكَّمَ; and so ↓ أُحْكُومَةٌ. (K, TA.) حَاكِمٌ One who judges, gives judgment, passes sentence, or decides judicially; a judge; an arbiter, arbitrator, or umpire; (S * Msb, K, TA;) between people: (Msb, TA:) [one who exercises judicial authority, jurisdiction, rule, dominion, or government; a ruler, or governor:] and ↓ حَكَمٌ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) the حَاكِم between people is so called because he restrains from wrongdoing: (As, TA:) the pl. is حُكَّامٌ (Msb, K) and حَكَمَةٌ, meaning judges, [&c.,] (TA,) and حَاكِمُونَ is allowable. (Msb.) It is said in a prov., ↓ فِى بَيْتِهِ يُؤْتَى الحَكَمُ [In his house the judge is to be come to]. (S. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 204.]) الحَاكِمُ [as meaning The Supreme Judge] is one of the names of God. (TA.) See also the next paragraph.

A2: [The pl.] حَكَمَةٌ also signifies Mockers, scoffers, or deriders. (TA. [The ح in this case seems to be a substitute for ه: see art. هكم.]) ↓ أَحْكَمُ الحَاكِمِينَ [The most qualified to judge of those who judge: or] the most knowing and most just [of them]: (Bd and Jel in xi. 47, where it is applied to God:) or it may mean the wisest of those who possess attributes of wisdom; supposing حَاكِمٌ to be [a possessive epithet] from الحِكْمَةُ, like دَارِعٌ from الدِّرْعُ. (Bd.) أُحْكُومَةٌ: see حُكُومَةٌ.

مُحْكَمٌ [pass. part. n. of أَحْكَمَهُ;] applied to a building [&c.,] Made, or rendered, firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, &c.; held to be secure from falling to pieces. (KT.) b2: And hence, A passage, or portion, of the Kur-án of which the meaning is secured (أُحْكِمَ) from change, and alteration, and peculiarization, and interpretation not according to the obvious import, and abrogation. (KT.) And سُورَةٌ مُحْكَمَةٌ A chapter of the Kur-án not abrogated. (K.) And الآيَاتُ المُحْكَمَاتُ, [see Kur iii. 5, where it is opposed to آيَاتٌ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ,] The portion commencing with قُلْ تَعَالَوْا أَتْلُ مَا حَرَّمَ رَبُّكُمْ [Kur vi. 152], to the end of the chapter: or the verses that are rendered free from defect or imperfection, so that the hearer thereof does not need to interpret them otherwise than according to their obvious import; such as the stories of the prophets; (K;) or so that they are preserved from being susceptible of several meanings. (Bd in iii. 5.) And المُحْكَمُ The portion of the Kur-án called المُفَصَّلُ [q. v.]; because nought thereof has been abrogated: or, as some say, what is unequivocal, or unambiguous; because its perspicuity is made free from defect, or imperfection, and it requires nothing else [to explain it]. (TA.) مَحْكَمَةٌ A place of judging; a tribunal; a court of justice.]

مُحَكَّمٌ فِى نَفْسِهِ [One who is made to judge respecting himself: and particularly] one who is given his choice between denial of God and slaughter, and chooses slaughter. (Mgh.) In a trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الجَنَّةَ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, [Verily Paradise is for the مُحَكَّمُون], (S,) لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (S, K,) or, as some read, ↓ لِلْمُحَكَّمِينَ, (K,) denotes a people of those who are called أَصْحَابُ الأُخْدُودِ, who were given their choice between slaughter and the denial of God, and chose the remaining constant to El-Islám, with slaughter: (S, K:) or المحكّمون means those who fall into the hand of the enemy, and are given their choice between [the profession of] belief in a plurality of Gods, and slaughter, and choose slaughter. (IAth, TA.) b2: المُحَكَّمُ occurring in a poem of Tarafeh, (S,) or this is a mistake, and the right reading is ↓ المُحَكِّمُ, (K,) An old man, tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs; (S, K;) to whom حِكْمَة [or wisdom, &c.,] is attributed: (S:) or both are correct, like مُجَرَّبٌ and مُجَرِّبٌ, as several authors have allowed; the former meaning one whom events have controlled (حَكَّمَتْهُ الحَوَادِثُ), and tried, or proved; and the latter, one who has controlled (حَكَّمَ), and experienced, events. (MF.) مُحَكِّمٌ, and its pl. مُحَكِّمُونَ: see مُحَكَّمٌ. b2: المُحَكِّمَةُ is an appellation applied to the [schismatics called the] خَوَارِج because they disallowed the judgment of the ↓ حَكَمَانِ [or two judges], (S,) namely, Aboo-Moosà El-Ash'aree and 'Amr Ibn-El-' Ás, (K, TA,) and said that judgment الحُكْمُ) belongs not to any but God. (S.) فَرَسٌ مَحْكُومَةٌ A horse [furnished with a حَكَمَة; or] having a حَكَمَة upon his head. (Az, TA.) See حَكَمَةٌ.

مُتَحَكِّمٌ A judge who judges without evidence: and one who judges in the way of asking respecting a thing with the desire of bringing perplexity, or doubt, and difficulty, upon the person asked. (Har p. 97.)

برد

1 بَرُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بُرُودَةٌ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) and بَرَدَ, aor. ـُ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. بَرْدٌ; (M, Msb;) It (a thing, S, Msb, and the latter said of water, Msb) was, or became, cold, chill, or cool; [see بَرْدٌ below;] (S, M;) its heat became allayed. (Msb.) The latter verb is also used transitively, as will be shown below. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] بَرُدَ مَضْجَعَهُ [lit. His bed, or place of sleep, became cold; meaning] (tropical:) he went on a journey. (A.) b3: بَرَدَ also signifies (tropical:) He died; (As, T, S, A, K;) because death is the non-existence of the heat of the soul; (L;) or it is allusive to the extinction of the natural heat; or to the cessation of motion. (MF.) For b4: بَرَدَ, (MF,) aor. ـُ (Mgh,) inf. n. بَرْدٌ, (MF,) likewise signifies (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, still, quiet, or motionless; (Mgh, MF;) for instance, a slaughtered sheep or goat [&c.]. (Mgh.) And (assumed tropical:) It (beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ) became still, and without briskness. (TA, from a trad.) Yousay, رُعِبَ فَبَرَدَ مَكَانَهُ [(assumed tropical:) He became frightened, and remained motionless in his place; مَكَانَهُ meaning فِى مَكَانَهُ: and hence,] (tropical:) he became amazed, or stupified. (A.) And بَرَدَتْ عَيْنُهُ (assumed tropical:) The pain in his eye became allayed, or stilled. (L.) And بَرَدَ أَمْرُنَا (assumed tropical:) Our affair, or case, became easy. (TA, from a trad. [See also بَارِدٌ.]) b5: Also, inf. n. بَرْد, [which see below,] (assumed tropical:) He slept. (T.) b6: And hence, (tropical:) It remained, or became permanent, or fixed, or settled. (T.) So in the saying, لَمْ يَبْرُدْ بِيَدِى مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ (tropical:) There did not remain, or become permanent or fixed or settled, in my hand, thereof, anything. (T, L. *) Yousay also, بَرَدَ أَسِيرًا فِى أَيْدِيْهِمْ (tropical:) He remained safely a captive in their hands. (A.) And بَرَدَ فِى أَيْدِيهمْ سَلْمًا (tropical:) He became a permanent captive, remaining in their hands, not to be ransomed nor liberated nor demanded. (L.) And بَرَدَ المَوْتِ عَلَىمُصْطَلَاهُ (tropical:) Death fixed, or settled, [upon his face and extremities, or] upon his limbs, or upon his arms and legs and face and every prominent part, which become cold at the time of death, and which are warmed at the fire. (AHeyth, L.) And بَرَدَ المَوْتِ عَلَيْهِ [(tropical:) Death became impressed upon him;] the marks, or signs, of death became apparent upon him. (A.) b7: [And hence, app.,] (tropical:) It (a right, or due,) became incumbent, or obligatory, (M, K, TA,) and established. (TA.) You say, بَرَدَ لِى حَقِّى عَلَى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) My right, or due, became incumbent, or obligatory, on such a one, and established against him. (M, * A, * TA.) And مَا بَرَدَ لَكَ عَلَى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) What hath become incumbent, or obligatory, to thee, on such a one, and established against him? or what hath become owed, or due, to thee, by, or from, such a one? as also مَا ذَابَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِ. (S.) And بَرَدَ لِى عَلَيْهِ كَذَا مِنَ المَالِ (tropical:) Such an amount of the property, or of property, became incumbent, or obligatory, to me, on him, and established against him; or became owed, or due, to me, by, or from, him. (S.) b8: Also, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَرْدٌ, (TA, [but see the next sentence,]) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, weak; and so بُرِدَ, a verb like عُنِىَ. (K.) And, inf. n. بُرَادٌ and بُرُودٌ, (M, K,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, languid, (K,) or weak and languid, from leanness or disease: (M:) or weak in the legs, from hunger or fatigue. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) And بَرَدَ مُخُّهُ, (A, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. بَرْدٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He was, or became, lean, or emaciated; (A, K;) and so بَرَدَتْ عِظَامُهُ. (A, TA.) b9: (assumed tropical:) It (a sword [or the like]) was, or became, blunt. (M, K.) A2: بَرَدَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. بَرْدٌ; (K;) and ↓ برّدهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَبْرِيدٌ; (S;) He made it, or rendered it, (for ex., water, M, Msb, K,) cold, chill, or cool: (S, &c.:) but the latter has an intensive signification [he made it, or rendered it, very cold, or very cool]: (Msb:) or both signify, (K,) or the former signifies, (M, TA,) he mixed it with snow: (M, K:) one does not say ↓ ابردهُ, except in a bad dialect. (S.) بَرِّدِيهِ, being used by a poet for بَلْ رِدِيهِ, has been erroneously supposed to mean “Make thou it hot.” (M.) You say, بَرَدَنَا اللَّيْلُ, (aor. and inf. n. as above, M,) and بَرَدَ عَلَيْنَا, The night affected us with its cold. (M, K.) and سَقَيْتُهُ شَرْبَةً بَرَدَتْ فُؤَادَهُ, (S, M, *) aor. and inf. n. as above, (S,) I gave him to drink a draught that cooled his heart: (S, M:) or بَرَدْتُ بِهَا فُؤَادَهُ [with which I cooled his heart]. (So in the T.) And فُؤَادَكَ بِشَرْبَةٍ ↓ بَرِّدْ Cool thy heart by a draught. (A.) And اِسْقِنِى سَوِيقًا أَبْرُدْ بِهِ كَبِدِى

[Give thou me to drink سويق with which I may cool my liver]. (T.) And بَرَدَ عَيْنُهُ بِالْكُحْلِ, (A'Obeyd, T, M,) or بِالْبَرُودِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) [He cooled his eye with the collyrium, or] he applied the cooling collyrium to his eye, (T, * S, M, * Msb, K, *) and allayed its pain. (M.) The following words, cited by IAar, بَرَدُوا غَوَارِبَ أَيْنُقٍ حُدْبِ [lit. They cooled the fore parts of the humps, or the backs, of humped she-camels], mean (tropical:) they put off from them their saddles, that their backs might become cool. (M.) You say also, بَرِّدْ ↓ ظَهْرَ فَرَسِكَ سَاعَةً (tropical:) Relieve thy horse from riding [lit. cool his back] awhile. (A.) And لَا تُبَرِّدْ ↓ عَنْ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Do not thou alleviate the punishment [in the world to come] due to the offence of such a one by thy reviling him, or cursing him, when he has acted injuriously to thee. (T, S, * M, * A, * L.) And بَرَدَ الخُبْزَ, (T, L, K,) بِالْمَآءِ, (T,) He poured [cold] water upon the bread, (T, L, K,) and moistened it [therewith: see بَرُودٌ]. (T, L.) b2: بُرِدَ (a verb like عُنِىَ, K) It (a company of men) was hailed upon. (S, M, K.) And بُرِدَتِ الأَرُضُ The land, or ground, was hailed upon. (S.) A3: بَرَدَ, (S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. بَرْدٌ, (Mgh, TA,) also signifies He filed (M, Mgh, K) iron, (S, M, &c.,) and the like, (M,) with a مِبْرَد.(S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) A4: بَرَدَهُ and ↓ ابردهُ He sent him as a بَرِيد [or messenger on a postmule or post-horse]. (K.) And بَرَدَ بَريدًا, (M,) and ↓ ابردهُ, (A,) He sent a بريد. (M, A.) and إِلْيَهِ ↓ ابرد, (S,) or اليه بَرِيدًا ↓ ابرد, (T, TA.) He sent to him a بريد. (T, S.) 2 بَرَّدَ see بَرَدَهُ, in four places. b2: برّدهُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He made it incumbent, or obligatory, on him. (M, A.) b3: And برّدهُ, (K, TA, but omitted in the CK,) inf. n. تَبْرِيدٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ابردهُ; (M, K;) (tropical:) It (a thing, M) made him, or rendered him, weak; weakened him; (K;) or made him, or rendered him, weak and languid. (M.) A2: [برّد also signifies, as is indicated in the TA voce حُبَاحِبٌ, It (a locust) spread forth its wings; which are termed its بُرْدَانِ: see بُرْدٌ.]4 ابرد He entered upon a cold, or cool, time: (Mgh, Msb:) he entered upon the last part of the day: (M, K:) he entered upon the time when the sun had declined: (Mohammad Ibn-Kaab, T:) and he entered upon the cool season, at the end of the summer. (Lth, T.) [Hence,] أَبْرِدُوا بِالطَّعَامِ Delay ye to eat food until it is cool: occurring in a trad. (El-Munáwee.) And أَبْرِدُوا بِالظُّهْرِ (T, A, Mgh, Msb) Defer ye the noon-prayers until the cooler time of the day, when the vehemence of the heat shall have become allayed. (Mgh, Msb.) And أَبْرِدْ عَنْكَ مِنَ الظَّهِيرِةَ Stay thou until the mid-day heat shall have become assuaged, and the air be cool. (M, and L in art. فيح.) b2: ابردلَهُ He gave him to drink what was cold, or cool. (M, K.) You say also, سَقَيْتُهُ فَأَبْرَدْتُ لَهُ, meaning I gave him to drink what was cold, or cool. (A'Obeyd, S.) b3: ابردهُ He brought it cold, or cool. (M, K.) b4: See بَرَدَهُ, first sentence. b5: and see 2.

A2: See also 1, in four places; last three sentences.5 تبرّد فِيهِ He descended into it, (i. e., into water, TA,) and washed himself in it, to refresh himself by its coolness. (M, K.) See also 8. b2: تبرّد also signifies (assumed tropical:) He became weakened. (TA.) 8 ابترد He washed himself with cold water: (S:) and likewise, (S,) or ابتردالمَآءَ, (K,) he drank water to cool his liver: (S, K:) or the latter signifies he poured the water cold upon himself, (M, K,) meaning, upon his head: (M:) and بِالْمَاءِ ↓ تبرّد, (T, A,) and ابترد, (A,) he washed himself with water, or with the water. (T.) 10 استبرد عَلَيْهِ لِسَانَهُ (tropical:) He let loose his tongue and used it like a file against him. (A.) بَرْدٌ and ↓ بُرُودَةٌ [originally inf. ns.] Cold; coldness; chill; chilness; cool, as a subst.; coolness; the former, contr. of حَرٌّ; (S, M, A, Msb;) and the latter, of حَرَارَةٌ. (S.) b2: And [hence] the former, (tropical:) Pleasantness; enjoyment; ease; comfort: as in the saying, نَسْأَلُكَ الجَنَّةَ وَ بَرْدَهَا (tropical:) We ask of Thee Paradise and its pleasantness, &c. (L.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Sleep: (T, S, M, A, K:) [an inf. n. used as a subst.:] so in the Kur lxxviii. 24: (S, M, K:) for sleep cools a man: (TA:) or, accord. to I'Ab, it there means the coldness, or coolness, of beverage. (T.) You say, مَنَعَ البَرَدُ البَرْدَ (assumed tropical:) The hail prevented sleep. (A.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Saliva: (Th, T, M, K:) so, accord. to Th, in the saying of El-'Arjee, وَ إِنْ شِئْتِ لَمْ أَطْعَمُ نُقَاخًا وَ لَا بَرْدَا And if thou desire, I will not taste sweet water, nor saliva [from any lips but thine]. (T, M, * TA. [But this is cited in the S as an ex. of بَرْد signifying sleep.]) b5: See also بَارِدٌ. b6: [Hence,] البَرْدَانِ: see الأَبْرَدَانِ, voce أَبْرَدُ.

بُرْدٌ A kind of garment; (S;) a kind of striped garment: (M, K:) accord. to some, of the description termed وَشْىٌ [or variegated]: (M:) or particular kinds thereof are distinguished by such terms as بُرْدُ عَصْبٍ and بُرْدُ وَ شْىٍ: (Msb:) also, (as a coll. gen. n., TA,) garments of the kind called أَكْسِيَةٌ, [pl. of كِسَآءٌ,] which are wrapped round the body; (K;) one of which is called ↓ بُرْدَةٌ: (M, K:) or, as Lth says, the بُرْد is [a] well-known [garment], of the kind called بُرُودُ العَصْبِ and بُرُودُ الوَشْىِ; (T;) but the ↓ بُرْدَةٌ is a garment of the kind called كِسَآءٌ, four-sided, black, and somewhat small, worn by the Arabs of the desert: (T, S, Mgh, * Msb, * TA:) or this latter (the بردة) is a striped garment of the kind called شَمْلَةٌ: (T:) or it is an oblong piece of woollen cloth, fringed: (M:) Sh says, I saw an Arab of the desert wearing a piece of woollen cloth resembling a napkin, wrapped round the body like an apron; and on my saying to him, What dost thou call it? he answered, بُرْدَة: (T:) [the modern بردة, in every case in which I have seen it, I have observed to be an oblong piece of thick woollen cloth, generally brown or of a dark or ashy dust-colour, and either plain, or having stripes so narrow and near together as to appear, at a little distance, of one colour; used both to envelop the person by day and as a night-covering: the بردة of Mohammad is described as about seven feet and a half in length, and four and a half in width, and in colour either أَخْضَر or أَحْمَر, i. e. of a dark or ashy dust-colour or brown; for such are the significations of these two epithets when applied to a garment of this kind, and in some other cases:] the pl. of بُرْدٌ is أَبْرُدٌ (M, K) and أَبْرَادٌ [both pls. of pauc.] and بُرُودٌ (S, M, K) and بُرَدٌ, (IAar, T,) or this last is pl. of بُرْدَةٌ, (S, M,) and بِرَادٌ, like as قِرَاطٌ is pl. of قُرْطٌ, or this, also, is pl. of بُرْدَةٌ, like as بِرَامٌ is pl. of بُرْمَةٌ. (M.) b2: ذُوبُرْدٍ, as opposed to ذُو كِسَآءِ, means (assumed tropical:) A rich man. (S in art. عج.) b3: وَقَعَ بَيْنُهُمَا قَدُّ بُرُودٍ يُمْنَةٍ, (so in copies of the K, in the TA يُمَنَةٍ,) or بُرُودٍ

ثَمِينَةٍ, (so in a copy of the A,) (tropical:) [There happened between them two the rending of بُرُود of the fabric of El-Yemen, accord. to the reading in the K, or of costly بُرُود, accord. to the reading in the A,] means they arrived at a great, or severe, state of affairs; (K;) or is said of two men who have contended together in vehement altercation so that they have rent each other's garments; (A;) [accord. to the reading in the K,] because يُمَنٌ, [in the CK يُمْن,] which are بُرُود of El-Yemen, are not rent save on account of some great, or severe, thing, or affair. (K.) b4: ↓ هُمَا فِى بُرْدَةِ

أَخْمَاسٍ means (assumed tropical:) They two do one deed; or act alike; (IAar, M, K;) and resemble each other, as though they were in one بُرْدَة: (IAar, M:) or they two have become near together, and in a state of agreement. (K in art. خمس, q. v.) b5: and ↓ سَلَبَ الصَّهْبَآءَ بُرْدَتَهَا(tropical:) He, or it, deprived the wine of its colour. (A.) b6: And بُرْدَا الجَرَادِ, (T,) or الجُنْدَبِ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) The two wings [of the locust, or of the species called جندب]. (T, S.) b7: And ↓بُرْدَةُ الضَّأْنِ(assumed tropical:) A certain sort of milk. (K.) بَرَدٌ Hail; what descends from the clouds, resembing pebbles; (M, Msb;) frozen rain; (Lth, T;) what is called حَبُّ الغَمَامِ (S, A, Msb, K) and حَبُّ المُزْنِ (Msb) [i. e. the grains, or berries, of the clouds: a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة, signifying a hailstone].

بَرِدٌ Possessing coldness or coolness: an epithet applied to the [plant called] صِلِّيَان. (S.) b2: سَحَابٌ بَرِدٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ أَبْرَدُ, (S, K,) Clouds containing hail (T, S, M, K *) and cold. (T.) You say also سَحَابَةٌ بَرِدَةٌ A cloud containing hail (T, S, M, A *) and cold; (T;) but not سحابة بَرْدَآءُ. (M.) بَرْدَةٌ: see بَارِدٌ: A2: and see also بَرَدَةٌ.

A3: هِىَ لَكَ بَرْدَةَ نَفْسَهَا She is purely thine; (Fr, A'Obeyd, T, S, M;) syn. خَالِصَةً: (M:) A'Obeyd explains it by خَالِصًا, (T, S, M,) not in the fem. form, (TA,) on the authority of Fr. (T.) b2: هُوَ لِى بَرْدَةَ يَمِينِى, (A'Obeyd, M,) or هُوَ لِبَرْدَةِ يَمِينِى, (S,) He, or it, is known to me. (A'Obeyd, S, M.) A4: بَرْدَةُ a proper name applied to The ewe. (K.) بُرْدَةٌ: see بُرْدٌ, in five places.

بَرَدَةٌ (T, S, M, A, &c.) and ↓ بَرْدَةٌ (T, M, K) Indigestion; a malady arising from unwholesome food: (S, M, A, L, Msb, K:) or heaviness of food to the stomach: (IAar, T, L:) so termed because it makes the stomach cold. (T, L, Msb.) It is said in a trad., أَصْلُ كُلِّ دَآءٍ البَرَدَةُ [The origin of every disease is indigestion]. (T, S, M, * A.) A2: Also, the former, The middle of the eye. (K.) بُرَدَآءُ An ague; i. e. a fever attended by a cold fit, (K,) or by shivering. (TA.) بَرْدِيٌّ A well-known kind of plant, (S, M, * K,) of which the kind of paper termed قِرْطَاس is made; (TA in art. قرطس, q. v. ;) [namely, papyrus; and] of which mats are made; (Msb;) [app. meaning rushes in general: but the former is generally meant by it in the present day, and is probably the proper signification: anciently, mats, as well as ropes and sails &c., were made of the rind of the papyrus; and even small boats were constructed of its stalks bound together; and of such, probably, was the ark in which the infant Moses was exposed: it is a coll. gen. n.:] n. un.

بَرْدِيَّةٌ. (M, TA.) Hence, قَطْنُ البَرْدِىّ The cotton of the papyrus, which, resembling wool, is gathered from the stalk, and, mixed with lime, composes a very tenacious kind of cement. (Golius, from Ibn-Maaroof.) b2: [Also, a rel. n. from the same, meaning Of, or belonging to, or resembling, the plant so called. Hence the saying,] لَهَا سَاقٌ بَرْدِيَّةٌ [She has a shank like a papyrus-stalk]. (A.) بُرْدِىٌّ One of the most excellent sorts of dates: (S, Msb:) an excellent sort of dates, (AHn, M, K,) resembling the بَرْنِىّ: (AHn, M:) or a sort of dates of El-Hijáz. (TA.) بَرْدَانٌ Feeling cold or chilly or cool: fem. with ة: perhaps post-classical; for I have not found it mentioned in any of the lexicons.]

بُرَادٌ: see بَارِدٌ.

A2: Also Weakness of the legs, from hunger or fatigue. (Ibn-Buzurj, T.) [See also 1.]

بَرُودٌ: see بَارِدٌ. b2: Beverage that cools the heat of thirst. (T.) b3: Also, (T, L, K,) and ↓ مَبْرُودٌ, (T, M, A, L, K,) Bread upon which water is poured; (T, L, K;) which is moistened with cold water: (A:) eaten by women to make them fat. (M, A, L.) The subst. applied to such bread is ↓ بَرِيدٌ (A.) b4: بَرُودٌ [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates] also signifies Cold water which one pours upon his head. (M.) b5: Anything with which a thing is rendered cold, or cooled. (S, M.) b6: A collyrium which cools the eye; (Lth, T, M, Msb;) also termed بَرُودُ العَيْنِ. (T, S.) b7: بَرُودُ الظِّلِّ (assumed tropical:) Pleasant in social intercourse: applied alike to the male and the female. (TA, from a trad.) b8: ثَوْبٌ بَرُودٌ A garment without nap: (K:) and a garment that is not warm nor soft. (TA.) بَرِيدٌ: see بَرُودٌ.

A2: Also A mule appointed [ for the conveyance of messengers] in a رِبَاط [or public building for the accommodation of travellers and their beasts, or in a سِكَّة, which is a house or the like specially appropriated to messengers and the beasts that carry them: thus it signifies a postmule: afterwards, it was applied also to a posthorse, and any beast appointed for the conveyance of messengers]: (Mgh:) [this is what is meant by the words in the S and K, البَرِيدُ المُرَتَّبُ:] it is a word of Persian origin, (Z in the Fáïk,) arabicized, from بُرِيدَهْ دُمْ, (Z in the Fáïk, and Mgh,) i. e. “docked,” or “having the tail cut off;” for the post-mules (بِغَالُ البَرِيدِ) had their tails cut off in order that they might be known: (Z in the Fáïk:) [or perhaps it is from the Hebrew פֶּרֶד “a mule:”] or it is applied to the beast appointed for the conveyance of messengers (دَابَّةُ البَرِيدِ) because he traverses the space called بَرِيد [defined below: but the reason before given for this appellation is more probable: it is like the Lat. “veredus”]: (T, Msb:) pl. بُرُدٌ (Z, Mgh, Msb) and بُرْدٌ, which is a contraction of the former, like as رُسْلٌ is of رُسُلٌ. (Z.) You say, حُمِلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى البَرِيِد [Such a one was borne on the postmule or post-horse]. (S.) Imra-el-Keys speaks of a بريد of the horses of Barbar. (S.) b2: Having been originally used in the sense first explained above, it was afterwards applied to A messenger borne on a post-mule [or post-horse]: (Z in the Fáïk, and Mgh:) or messengers on beasts of the post: (M, K:) or a messenger that journeys with haste: (A:) or [simply] a messenger: (S, Msb, K:) pl. as above. (M, * Z.) Hence the saying, الحُمَّى بَرِيدُ المَوْتِ Fever is the messenger of death: (T, Msb:) because it gives warning thereof. (T.) Hence also البَرِيدُ applied to The animal called الفُرَانِقُ, (said to be the jackal, but some say otherwise, TA,) because he gives warning before [the approach of] the lion. (T, S, K.) and صَاحِبُ البَرِيِد [The master of the messengers that journey on post-mules or post-horses]. (S.) [and خَيْلٌ البَرِيِد, occurring in many histories &c., The post-horses, that carry messengers and others.] b3: Also, having been applied to a messenger on a post-mule [or post-horse], it then became applied to The space, or distance, traversed by the messenger thus called; (Mgh, Msb; *) the space, or distance, between each سِكَّة and the سِكَّة next to it; the سكّة being a structure of either of the kinds called بَيْت and قُبَّة, or a رِبَاط [explained above], in which the appointed messengers lodge; (Z in the Fáïk;) the space, or distance, between two stations, or places of alighting; or two parasangs, or leagues; (M, K;) [six miles;] each parasang, or league, being three miles, and each mile being four thousand cubits: (TA:) or twelve miles; (S, A, Msb, K;) i. e. four parasangs, or leagues: (Mgh, TA:) [for] the space, or distance, between each station termed سِكَّة and the next to it is either two parasangs or four: (Z in the Fáïk:) the distance of twelve miles is [also] termed سِكَّةُ البَرِيِد: (T:) the pl. is as above. (T, Z.) A journey of four بُرُد, or forty-eight miles, renders it allowable to shorten prayers; which miles are of the Háshimee measure, such as are measured on the road to Mekkeh. (T.) b4: Also The course, or pace, of a camel along the space thus called: so in the following verse of Muzarrid, in praise of 'Arábeh El-Owsee: فَدَتْكَ عَرَابَ اليَوْمَ أُمِّى وَ خَالَتِى

وَ نَاقَتِىَ النَّاجِى إِلَيْكَ بَرِيدُهَا [May my mother, and my maternal aunt, and my she-camel that is swift in her course to thee from one station to another, be ransoms for thee, O 'Arábeh, (the name being contracted,) this day!]. (S.) بُرَادَةٌ Filings; (M, Mgh, K;) what falls from iron [&c.] when filed. (S.) بُرُودَةٌ: see بَرْدٌ.

بَرَّادَةٌ A vessel which cools water: (M, K:) or a كَوَّازَة [app. meaning either a stand, or a shelf, upon which mugs (كِيزَان, pl. of كُوز,) are placed; erroneously in the K, كُوَّارَةٌ, and كُوَارَةٌ, as I find it in different copies;] upon which water is cooled: (Lth, T, K: *) but [Az says,] I know not whether it be a classical or a post-classical word. (T.) Hence the saying, بَاتَتْ كِيزَانُهُمْ عَلَى البَرَّادَةِ Their mugs passed the night upon the برّادة. (A, TA.) بَارِدٌ (S, M, Msb, K) Cold; chill; cool; (S, Msb;) applied to water [&c.]; (M, K;) as also ↓ بَرْدٌ, [originally an inf. n., like عَدْلٌ, used as an epithet,] (M, K,) and ↓ بَرُودٌ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ بُرَادٌ; (M, K;) but the last two are intensive forms [signifying very cold or chill or cool]. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Anything loved, beloved, liked, or approved. (TA.) [Hence,] عَيْشٌ بَاردٌ (tropical:) An easy and a pleasant life, or state of life. (ISk, * T, * M, A, L, K.) And لَيْلَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ العَيْشِ, and العَيْشِ ↓ بَرْدَةُ, [the latter written in the TT بَرَدَةُ العيش,] (tropical:) A night of easy and pleasant life. (M, L.) And غَنيمَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ: see the latter word. b3: سَمُومٌ بَارِدٌ (tropical:) A hot wind that is constant, continual, permanent, settled, or incessant. (S, L.) b4: لِى عَلَيْهِ أَلْفٌ بَارِدٌ (tropical:) A thousand [pieces of money &c.] are incumbent, or obligatory, on him, to me, and established against him; or are owed, or due, to me, by, or from, him. (S, M. *) b5: جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بَارِدًا مُخُّهُ, and بَارِدَ العِظَامَ, (tropical:) Such a one came in a lean, or an emaciated, state: in the contr. case, one says, حَارَّا مُخُّهُ, and حَارَّ العِظَامِ. (A, TA.) b6: [بَارِدٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Blunt; applied to a sword and the like: see 1. b7: And, contr., (assumed tropical:) Sharp: for you say,] مُرْهَفَاتٌ بَوَارِدُ [pl. of بَارِدَةٌ, meaning] (assumed tropical:) Sharp, or cutting, swords: (TA:) or slaying swords. (S.) بَارِدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Spoil acquired without fatigue; (IAar, T;) also termed غَنِيمَةٌ بَارِدَةٌ; and to this is likened, by the Prophet, fasting in winter. (T.) Also (assumed tropical:) Gain made by merchandise at the time of one's buying it. (IAar, T.) أَبْرَدُ [More, and most, cold, or chill, or cool]. b2: [Hence,] الأَبْرَدَانِ and ↓ البَرْدَانِ The morning, between daybreak and sunrise, and the evening, between sunset and nightfall; (T, S, M, K;) also called العَصْرَانِ (S, K) and الصَّرْعَانِ and الرِّدْفَانِ: (T:) or (as in the S, but in the M and K “and”) the morning-shade and evening-shade: (S, M, K:) so called because of their coldness, or coolness. (TA.) b3: See also بَرِدٌ. b4: ثَوْرٌ أَبْرَدُ A bull upon which are spots, or patches, of white and black: (S, M:) of the dial. of El-Yemen. (M.) b5: and الأَبْرَدُ The leopard: fem. with ة: (T, K: [but in the TT, the fem. is written like the masc.:]) pl. الأَبَارِدُ. (T, K.) The female is also called الخَيْثَمَةُ. (T.) إِبْرَدَةُ, (S, M, &c.,) with kesr (S, Mgh, K) to the ء and the ر (Mgh, TA,) [in the CK اِبْرَدَة,] Cold in the belly, or inside; (M, K;) a well-known malady, arising from the prevalence of cold and humidity, and preventing one, by languor, from performing the act of coition: (S, Mgh:) and a dripping of the urine, which prevents a man's taking pleasure in women. (T, L.) b2: Also Coldness of the damp earth, and of rain. (M, L.) An Arab says, إِنَّهَا لَبَارِدَةٌ اليَوْمَ [Verily it (the morning, الغَدَاةُ, L) is cold to-day]; and another says to him, لَيْسَتْ بِبَارِدَةٍ إِنَّمَا هِىَ إِبْرِدَةُ الثَّرَى [It is not cold: it is only the coldness of the damp earth]. (S, L.) مُبْرَدٌ [pass. part. n. of 4]. You say, أَرْضٌ مُبْرَدَةٌ: see مَبْرُودٌ.

مُبْرِدٌ [act. part. n. of 4]. You say, جِئْنَاكَ مُبْرِدِينَ We came to thee when the heat had become allayed. (T.) A2: Also One sending, or who sends, a بَرِيد [or بُرُد, i. e., a messenger on a post-mule or posthorse, or messengers on post-mules or post-horses]. (S.) مِبْرَدٌ (S, K, &c.) A file; (M;) syn. سُوهَانٌ; (M, K;) which is a Persian word: (M:) pl. مَبَارِدُ. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] جَعَلَ لِسَانِهِ عَلَيْهِ مُبْرِدًا (tropical:) [He made his tongue like a file upon him; i. e.] he annoyed him, or hurt him, with his tongue, and vituperated him. (A.) [See a saying of Moosà Ibn-Jábir voce جِنٌّ.]

مَبْرَدَةٌ [A cause of coldness or coolness]. You say, هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ مَبْرَدَةٌ لِلْبَدَنِ [This thing is a cause of coldness, or coolness, to the body]: and As relates that he said to an Arab of the desert, “What induceth thee to take a sleep in the morning while the sun is yet low?” and he answered, إِنَّهَا مَبْرَدَةٌ فِى الصَّيْفِ مَسْخَنَةٌ فِى الشِّتَآءِ [Verily it is a cause of coolness in the summer, and a cause of warmth in the winter]. (S, A.) مُبَرَّدٌ: see what follows.

مَبْرُودٌ Made, or rendered, cold or chill or cool: (S, Msb, K:) [and ↓ مُبَرَّدٌ signifies the same in an intensive manner:] applied to water [&c.: or signifying mixed with snow: see بَرَدَهُ]. (K.) b2: شَجَرَةٌ مَبْرُودَةٌ A tree deprived of its leaves by the cold. (AHn, M.) b3: أَرْضٌ مَبْرُودَةٌ (M, A, K) and ↓ مُبْرَدَةٌ (K) Land, or ground, hailed upon: (M, K:) or snowed upon. (A, TA.) b4: See also بَرُودٌ.

دلب

دُلْبٌ A kind of tree; (S, and so in some copies of the K;) the tree called the عَيْثَم [or عَيْثَام], (T,) or the غَيْثَان [probably a mistranscription for عَيْثَام]: (M:) or the صِنَّار or صِنَار [i. e. the plane-tree]; (T, M, K, accord. to different copies; in some copies of the K explained as the صنار; in other copies, as a kind of tree, and the صنار;) which is most like to it [referring to the عيثم]; (T;) or which is most likely; (M;) a kind of great tree, (Mgh,) having neither blossom nor fruit, the leaves of which are serrated (M, Mgh) and wide, resembling those of the vine, (M,) called in Persian صِنَار [or rather چَنَارْ]: (Mgh:) in the [Kitáb en-] Nebát, [or Book of Plants, of AHn,] the [tree called] صنار, which is a Persian word that has become current in the language of the Arabs: it grows large and wide: and some say that it is called the عَيْثَام: (TT:) accord. to Ibn-El-Kutbee, it is a great, well-known, tree, the leaves of which resemble those of the خِرْوَع [or palma Christi], except in being smaller, and are bitter in taste, and astringent; having small blossoms: (TA:) [see also De Sacy's “ Abdallatif,” p. 80: and his “ Chrest. Arabs,” sec. ed., p. 394 (173 of the Arabic text) and the notes thereon: the word is a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with نَوَاقِيس. (S, M, K.) The نَاقُوس [pl. of هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّرْبَةِ بِمُعَالَجَةِ الدُّلْبَةِ, answering to the Christians the purpose of churchbells,] are made of the wood of this tree: whence the saying, هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الدُّرْبَةِ بِمُعَالَجَةِ الدُّلْبَةِ [He is of the people who are accustomed to ply the wood of the plane-tree], meaning he is a Christian. (A.) A2: الدُّلْبُ [or, as in a copy of the T, accord. to the TT, الدَّلْبُ,] A certain race of the blacks, (T, K,) of Es-Sind: [said to be] formed by transposition from الدَّيْبُلُ. (T.) دُلْبَةٌ n. un. of دُلْبٌ [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) A2: And Blackness, (IAar, T, K,) like لُعْسَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) دَالِبٌ A coal that will not become extinguished. (K.) دُولَابٌ, (S,) or دَوْلَابٌ, (A, Mgh,) or each of these, (M, Msb, K,) of which the latter is the more chaste, (Msb, K,) an arabicized word, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) from the Persian [دُولْ آبْ dól-áb]; (S, M, Msb;) but some say it is Arabic; (Msb;) [A kind of water-wheel;] a machine that is turned by a horse or the like; (Mgh, Msb;) a thing formed like the نَاعُورَة, with which water is drawn, (M, A, K,) for irrigating land [&c.]: (A:) or, more correctly, the same as the ناعورة; vulgarly called سَاقِيَة: (TA:) [it mainly consists of a vertical wheel, which raises the water in earthern pots, these being attached to cords, and forming a continuous series; a second vertical wheel, fixed to the same axis as the former, with cogs; and a large, horizontal, cogged wheel, which, being turned by a pair of bulls or cows or by a single beast, puts and keeps in motion the two other wheels and the pots:] pl. دَوَالِيبُ; (S, M, A;) for which دَوَالِى occurs in poetry: (M:) [or rather this (occurring at the end of a verse, and with the article ال,) is pl. of دَالِيَةٌ.]

b2: It has also other meanings, not mentioned in the K. (TA.) [Nor are they mentioned in the TA. Among other meanings used in the present day, are the following. b3: A machine: particularly any machine with a rotatory motion. b4: A cupboard. b5: And A machination; an artifice; a trick; or a fraud.]

أَرْضٌ مَدْلَبَةٌ A land containing, (S,) or abounding with, (K,) the kind of trees called دُلْب. (S, K.)

دوس

1 دَاسَ, aor. ـو (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. دَوْسٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, K) and دِيَاسٌ (M, A, K) and دِيَاسَةٌ, (A, K,) He trod, trod upon, or trampled upon, (M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) a thing, (S, M, Mgh,) or the ground, (Msb,) vehemently, (Mgh, Msb,) with the foot. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) Yousay, دَاسُوهُ بِأَقْدَامِهِمْ [They trod, or trampled, upon him, or it, with their feet]. (A.) and الخَيْلُ تَدُوسُ القَتْلَى بِالحَوَافِرِ [The horses trample upon the slain with the hoofs]. (A.) b2: دَاسَ الطَّعَامَ, (S, A,) or الحِنْطَةَ, (Msb,) or الحَبَّ, (M,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. ديَاسَةٌ, (S, A, Mgh,) or دَوْسٌ and دِيَاسٌ, but some say that دِيَاسٌ is not of the language of the Arabs, and some say that it is tropical, as though from دَاسَ in the sense explained above, (Msb,) or the professors of practical religion use it in the place of دِيَاسَةٌ by a kind of license, relying upon the understanding of the hearer or reader, or do so erroneously, (Mgh,) He trod, or thrashed, (M, Mgh, Msb,) the wheat, (Mgh, Msb,) or grain, (M,) either by the feet of beasts, or by repeatedly drawing over it the مِدْوَس [q. v. infrà] until it became تِبْن [or cut straw]; (Mgh;) as also ↓ أَدَاسَهُ. (M.) You say, دَاسُوهُ دَوْسَ الحَصِيدِ [They trod, or trampled, upon him, or it, with the treading of reaped corn]. (A.) b3: دَاسَهُ, (IAar, TA,) inf. n. دَوْسٌ, (IAar, A, K,) He abased him. (IAar, A, K.) b4: نَزَلَ العَدُوُّ بِبَنِى فُلَانٍ

فَجَاسَهُمْ وَحَاسَهُمْ وَدَاسَهُمْ The enemy [came upon and] slew the sons of such a one, and went through the midst of their dwellings, and made havoc among them. (TA.) b5: دَاسَهَا, (A, TA,) inf. n. دَوْسٌ, (A, K,) (tropical:) Inivit eam; scil., feminam: (A:) vehementer inivit eam: (A, K: [in the former, this signification is given as proper, though that immediately preceding is said to be tropical: in the TA, the latter is said to be tropical:]) conscendit et vehementer inivit eam. (TA.) b6: دَاسَهُ, (S, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. دَوْسٌ, (Msb, K,) or دِيَاسٌ, (As, A, Mgh,) (tropical:) He polished it; namely, a sword, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the like, (K,) or some other thing. (Msb.) b7: Hence, دَوْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) The framing, and dressing up, of deceit, guile, or circumvention: (As, A, TA:) [agreeably with which explanation the verb, دَاسَ, is probably used, though not mentioned in the A nor in the TA:] or simply, the act of deceiving, beguiling, circumventing, and practising artifice. (TA.) You say, أَخَذْنَا فِى الدَّوْسِ (tropical:) We set about the framing, and dressing up, of deceit, guile, or circumvention: (A:) or we set about deceiving, &c. (TA.) 4 أَدْوَسَ see دَاسَ الطَّعَامَ, in the paragraph above.7 انداس It (wheat [or grain]) was, or became, trodden, or thrashed. (S, * TA.) [See 1.]

دِيسٌ: see the next paragraph.

دَوَّاسٌ The lion (K, TA) that tramples upon his prey. (TA.) b2: A courageous man; (K;) and any one that tramples upon his opponents, or adversaries: (TA:) and [in like manner]

↓ دِيسٌ, originally دِوْسٌ, a courageous and strong man, that tramples upon every one who alights with him to fight: pl. of the latter, دِيَسَةٌ. (Az, TA.) b3: (tropical:) Every one skilful (K, TA) in his art; because he abases (يَدُوسُ) every one who contends with him. (TA.) دَائِسُ [act. part. n. of دَاسَ; Treading, &c.]. b2: دَائِسَةٌ [the fem.] (A) and [its pl.] دَوَائِسُ (M, A, TA) The bulls, or cows, that tread, or thrash, wheat, or grain. (M, A, TA.) b3: أَتَتْهُمْ الخَيْلُ دَوَائِسَ The horses, or horses with their riders, came to them following one another. (S, K.) A2: Also i. q. أَنْدَرٌ [A place in which wheat or grain is trodden out; like مَدَاسَةٌ: or reaped wheat collected together; or wheat collected together in the place where it is trodden out]; (K;) so accord. to Hishám: or, as some say, he that treads, or thrashes, wheat, and bruises it, in order that the grain may come forth from it. (TA.) A3: دُوسٌ [pl. of دَائِسٌ, like as بُزْلٌ is pl. of بَازِلٌ,] (tropical:) Polishers of swords or the like; syn. صَقَلَةٌ. (IAar, K, TA. [In the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, صَقْلَةٌ, which is evidently a mistake.]) مَدَاسٌ, (K,) but by rule it should be مِدَاسٌ, (Msb,) and so, accord. to En-Näwawee, it is also written, as though meaning “ an instrument for treading,” (MF,) originally مِدْوَسٌ, (TA in art. مدس,) A certain thing that is worn on the foot (Msb, K) by a man; (Msb;) [a shoe, or sandal, or a pair of shoes or sandals, of any kind; accord. to present usage: or, accord. to Golius, a kind of high-heeled shoe or sandal, generally used by peasants, and fastened with thongs or with a button or the like:] pl. أَمْدَسَةٌ [which is a pl. of pauc., and the only pl. mentioned]. (Msb.) مِدْوَسٌ The thing [or machine, a kind of drag,] with which wheat is thrashed, (S, M, Mgh, L, K,) by its being drawn over it (Mgh, L) repeatedly; called also جَرْجَرٌ (Mgh) [and نَوْرَجٌ, q. v.]; and so ↓ مِدْوَاسٌ. (K.) b2: (tropical:) A polishinginstrument; (S, K;) an instrument with which swords &c. are polished; (Msb;) a piece of wood upon which is a مِسَنّ [or polishing-stone], with which the sword is polished: (M:) pl. مَدَاوِسُ. (S.) طَرِيقٌ مَدُوسٌ [A trodden road: or] a road much trodden; (TA;) as also ↓ مُدَوَّسٌ. (A, TA.) مُدَوَّسٌ: see what next precedes.

مَدَاسَةٌ A place in which wheat [or grain] is trodden, or thrashed. (S, K.) [See also دَائِسٌ.]

مِدْوَاسٌ: see مِدْوَسٌ.

دحض

1 دَحَضَتْ رِجْلُهُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. دَحْضٌ (S, A) and دُحُوضٌ, (A, TA,) His foot slipped. (S, A, K.) And دَحَضَ said of a man, He slipped. (Msb.) b2: دَحَضَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, A, K,) aor. and inf. ns. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) The sun declined (S, A, K) towards the place of setting, (TA,) عَنْ كَبِدِ السَّمَآءُ (S) or عن بَطْنِ السمآء (A) [from the meridian]; as though it slipped. (TA.) b3: دَحَضَتْ حُجَّتُهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. دُحُوضٌ, (S, K,) or دَحْضٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) His argument, plea, allegation, or evidence, was, or became, null, or void. (S, A, * Msb, K.) A2: See also 4, in two places.4 ادحض, (A, TA,) inf. n. إِدْحَاضٌ, (S,) He made (S, A, TA) a man's foot, (A, TA,) and a man, (TA,) to slip; (S, A, TA;) as also ↓ دَحَضَ. (TA.) b2: It (rain) made a place slippery. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) He (God, S, Msb, or a man, K) annulled, or rendered null or void, an argument, a plea, an allegation, or an evidence: (S, Msb, K:) he rebutted it; as also ↓ دَحَضَ, inf. n. دَحْضٌ. (TA; but in this instance, only the inf. n. of the latter verb is mentioned.) Thus in the Kur [xviii. 54, and xl. 5], لِيُدْحِضُوا بِهِ الحَقَّ (tropical:) That they may, or might, rebut thereby the truth. (TA.) دَحْضٌ A slippery place; as also ↓ دَحَضٌ (S, K) and ↓ دَحُوضٌ (O, K) and ↓ مِدْحَضٌ (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) [or مَدْحَضٌ?]: pl. دِحَاضٌ, (K,) [a pl. of the second,] like as جِبَالٌ is pl. of جَبَلٌ. (TA.) b2: Also Water that causes slipping: pl. أَدْحَاضٌ. (TA.) دَحَضٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَحُوضٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَاحِضٌ [Slipping] has for a pl. دُحْضٌ: occur-ring in a trad., in the phrase دُحْضُ الأَقْدَامِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) those having no firmness, or stability, nor determination, or resolution, in affairs. (TA.) b2: حُجَّتُهُمْ دَاحِضَةٌ, in the Kur [xlii. 15], means (tropical:) Their argument, or plea, or allegation, is null, or void: or, as IDrd says, on the authority of AO; it means مَدْحُوضَةٌ [rebutted]. (TA.) مِدْحَضٌ [or مَدْحَضٌ?]: see دَحْضٌ.

مَدْحَضَةٌ A cause of slipping; syn. مَزَلَّةٌ. (K.) You say, هٰذِهِ مَدْحَضَةٌ لِلْقَدَمِ [This is a cause of slipping to the foot]. (A.) And مَكَانٌ مَدْحَضَةٌ, in a trad. respecting the Sirát, means A place on which the feet will not remain firm. (TA.) مِدْحَاضٌ A place in which one slips much, or often: pl. مَدَاحِضُ. (TA.)

ضبط

1 ضَبَطَهُ, (Lth, IDrd, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, MS, PS,) or ـُ (TA, TK,) inf. n. ضَبْطٌ (IDrd, Msb, K) and ضَبَاطَةٌ, (K,) He kept it, preserved it, guarded it, maintained it, or took care of it, (Lth, S, Msb, K,) namely, a thing, (Lth, S,) with prudence, precaution, or good judgment, (Lth, S, K,) or effectually: (Msb:) and hence, (assumed tropical:) he managed its affairs (namely, the affairs of a country &c.,) thoroughly, soundly, not imperfectly: (Msb:) [he managed it; namely, an affair, and his soul or self, his disposition or temper, &c.:] he kept to it inseparably, or constantly; namely, anything: (Lth:) he took it, or held it, or retained it, strongly, vehemently, or firmly: (IDrd:) and ضَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ [has this last signification, likewise; or signifies simply he detained it, or withheld it, or restrained it, or the like;] i. q. حَبَسَهُ, namely a thing. (TA.) b2: فُلَانٌ لَا يَضْبُطُ عَمَلَهُ [or لا يَضْبِطُهُ] (tropical:) Such a one does not, or will not, act vigorously in his work, or employment, which is committed to him; syn. لَا يَقُومُ بِهِ. (TA.) And ضَبَطَ أَمْرَهُ [He managed his affair thoroughly, or well]. (A in art. بد, &c.) [And ضَبَطَ alone, He (a camel) was strong to work or labour: and he (a man and a camel) was strong, or powerful. (See the act. part. n.)] b3: هُوَ لَا يَضْبُطُ قِرَآءَتَهُ [or لا يَضْبِطُهَا] (tropical:) He does not, or will not, perform well [or accurately] his reading, or reciting. (TA.) b4: [ضَبَطَ لَفْظًا, or كَلِمَةً, (assumed tropical:) He fixed the pronunciation of a word; by adding the syllabical signs, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِالشَّكْلِ, and بِالحَرَكَاتِ, and بِالقَلَمِ; or by stating it to be similar in form, or measure, to another word which is too well known to admit of doubt, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِمِثَالٍ; or by adding the measure, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِوَزْنٍ.] b5: ضَبَطَ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He registered, or recorded, [a name, or] a matter of science, [or any other thing,] in a book or the like; syn. قَيَّدَ; (L in art. قيد;) i. q. أَحْصَى; (Jel in xxxvi. 11, and Bd and Jel in lxxviii.

29;) and كَتَبَ. (Bd in lxxviii. 29.) b6: ضَبَطَهُ وَجَعٌ (tropical:) A pain seized him. (TA.) b7: ضُبِطَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The land was rained upon. (IAar, K, TA.) [See also مَضْبُوطٌ.]

A2: ضَبِطَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb,) inf. n. ضَبَطٌ, (Msb,) He was, or became, ambidextrous; he worked with each of his hands. (S, Msb.) IDrd knew not this verb. (TA.) 5 تضبّطهُ He took it with detention and force. (K, TA.) b2: تضبّطت الضَّأْنُ The sheep obtained somewhat of herbage: or hastened, or were quick, in pasturing, and became strong (K, TA) and fat. (TA.) The Arabs say, إِذَا تَضَبِّطَتِ الضَّأْنُ شَبِعَتِ الإِبِلُ [When the sheep obtain somewhat of herbage, or hasten, &c., the camels become satiated with food]: for the former are called the smaller camels, because they eat more than goats; and when the former become satiated with food, men [and camels] live [in plenty], by reason of the abundance of the herbage. (IAar.) ضَبْطٌ inf. n. of 1. b2: [It is often used as signifying (assumed tropical:) Exactness; correctness; honesty; and faithfulness: and particularly in an author or a relater.]

الضَّبْطَةُ A certain game of the Arabs; (K, TA;) also called المَسَّةُ and الطَّرِيدَةُ. (TA. [See the last of these words.]) رَجُلٌ ضَبَّاطٌ لِلْأُمُورِ (assumed tropical:) A man having much care, prudence, or precaution, [or good judgment,] with respect to [the management of] affairs; (TA;) [a man who manages affairs with much care, &c.]

ضَبَنْطًى: see the next paragraph.

ضَابِطٌ [Keeping, preserving, guarding, maintaining, or taking care of, a thing, with prudence, precaution, or good judgment, or effectually: (see 1:) and hence,] (assumed tropical:) one who manages his affairs with prudence, precaution, or good judgment; or soundly, taking the sure course therein, and exercising caution, or care, that they may not become beyond his power of management: (S, TA:) [keeping to anything inseparably, or constantly: (see, again, 1:)] taking, holding, or retaining, a thing strongly, vehemently, or firmly; applied to a man; as also ↓ ضَبَنْطًى: (IDrd:) or the latter of these, (S,) which is like حَبَنْطًُى, (K, [in some copies of the K erroneously written without tenween,]) the ن being augmentative, to render the word quasi-coordinate to سَفَرْجَلٌ; (S;) or both; applied to a man and to a camel; (K;) strong, or powerful: (S, K:) or [a man] great in might, or valour, and power, and body: (T, TA:) and the former, a camel strong to work or labour: and in like manner, applied to a man, ضَابِطُ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) the strong [and resolute or firm-minded] in the performance or management of affairs. (TA.) See also أَضْبَطُ. b2: [It often signifies (assumed tropical:) Exact; correct; or accurate; (like مُحَقِّقٌ, with which it is said to be syn. in Har p. 254;) and honest; and faithful: and particularly as applied to an author or a relater.]

A2: As a conventional term, ضَابِطٌ, (Msb in art. قعد,) or ↓ ضَابِطَةٌ, pl. ضَوَابِطُ, (TA,) is syn. with قَاعِدَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) signifying (assumed tropical:) A universal, or general, rule, or canon: (Msb:) or a ضابط is one that comprises subdivisions of one class only; whereas a قاعدة comprises [sometimes] subdivisions of various classes. (Kull, p. 290.) ضَابِطَةٌ A place in land, or in the ground, to which the rain-water flows, and which retains it; syn. مَسَّاكَةٌ. (TA.) A2: See also ضَابِطٌ, last sentence.

أَضْبَطُ [More, and most, strong, or firm, of hold]. It is said in a prov., أَضْبَطُ مِنْ ذَرَّةٍ [More strong, or firm, of hold than a little ant]: because it drags along a thing several times larger than itself, and sometimes both fall from a high place, and the ant does not let go the thing. (K.) and أَضْبَطُ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ بْنِ عَثْمٍ; (K;) so accord. to Hamzeh and Abu-n-Nedà; but accord. to ElMundhiree, عَابِسَة; (Sgh;) [More strong, or firm, of hold than 'Áïsheh the son of 'Athm; or than 'Ábiseh;] because he laid hold of the tail of a young she-camel, and pulled her by it out of a well into which she had fallen. (K.) And أَضْبَطُ مِنَ الأَعْمَى [More strong, or firm, of hold than the blind]. (TA.) b2: Ambidextrous; who works with each of his hands; (S, Mgh, Msb;) i. q. أَعْسَرُ يَسَرٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) who works with his left hand like as he works with his right; an explanation given by the Prophet; as also that next following; (AO, TA;) who works with both his hands: (AO, K:) fem. ضَبْطَآءُ. (S.) b3: الأَضْبَطُ The lion; (K;) who makes use of his left paw like as he makes use of his right; but some say that he is so called because he seizes his prey vehemently, and it hardly, or never, escapes from him; (TA;) as also ↓ الضّابِطُ. (K.) ضَبْطَآءُ is also applied as an epithet to a lioness; and to a she-camel. (TA.) مَضْبُوطٌ [pass. part. n. of ضَبَطَ in all its senses. b2: In the present day often used as signifying Well-regulated; exact; correct; honest; and faithful.] Applied to a book, or writing, (tropical:) Having its defects, faults, or imperfections, rectified. (TA.) [Applied to a word, (assumed tropical:) Having its pronunciation fixed, by any of the means described above in one of the explanations of the verb.] b3: بَلَدٌ مَضْبُوطٌ بِالمَطَرِ (tropical:) A country covered by the rain: so in the A: in the O, أَرْضٌ مَضْبُوطَةٌ (tropical:) land rained upon in common, or throughout its whole extent. (TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]

غدر

1 غَدَرَهُ, (K,) and [more commonly] غَدَرَ بِهِ, aor. ـِ (S, M, IKtt, Msb, K) and غَدُرَ; (M, IKtt, K;) and غَدِرَ, aor. ـَ (Lh, K,) but ISd doubts the correctness of this last; (TA;) inf. n. غَدْرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of غَدَرَ; (S, Msb, TA;) and غَدَرٌ (TA, and so in the CK in the place of غَدْر,) and غَدَرَانٌ, (K, TA,) which are both of غَدِرَ; (TA;) He acted perfidiously, unfaithfully, faithlessly, or treacherously, to him; (M, K;) he broke his compact, contract, covenant, or the like, with him; (Msb;) he neglected the performance, or fulfilment, of his compact, &c., with him: (S:) غَدْرٌ is the contr. of وَفَآءٌ, (K,) or of وَفَآءٌ بِعَهْدٍ: (M:) or it signifies the being remiss in a thing, and neglecting it. (B.) A2: غَدَرَ, aor. ـِ (T, O, K,) inf. n. غَدْرٌ, (T, O,) He drank the water of the غَدِير [q. v.]: (T, O, K:) and, accord. to the K, غَدِرَ, he drank the water of the sky; but this is a sheer mistake, occasioned by a misunderstanding of a saying in the T; here following: (TA:) Az says that غَدَرَ meaning as expl. above should accord. to analogy be غَدِرَ, like كَرِعَ meaning “ he drank the كَرَع,” i. e. the water of the sky: (O, TA:) moreover, a distinction is strangely made in the K between the water of the غَدِير and the water of the sky. (TA.) A3: غَدَرَتْ وَلَدَهَا, said of a woman, is like دَغَرَتْهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) A4: غَدِرَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. غَدَرٌ,] He remained, or lagged, behind; as also ↓ تغدّر, accord. to As, who cites the following verse of Imra-el-Keys: عَشِيَّةَ جَاوَزْنَا حَمَاةَ وَسَيْرُنَا

أَخُو الجَهْدِ لَا نَلْوِى عَلَى مِنْ تَغْدَّرَا [In the evening when we passed beyond Hamáh, and our journeying was laborious, we not waiting for such as lagged behind]: but accord. to one relation it is تَعَذَّرَ, which means [the same, or]

“ held back, or withheld himself, for a cause rendering him excused. ” (TA.) You say غَدِرَ عَنْ

أَصْحَابِهِ He remained, or lagged, behind his companions. (TA.) And غَدِرَتِ النَّاقَةُ عَنِ الإِبِلِ, (S, K,) and الشَّاةُ عَنِ الغَنَمِ, (S,) The she-camel remained, or lagged, behind the other camels, (S, K,) not coming up to them, (TA,) and so the sheep, or goat, behind the other sheep, or goats. (S.) And غَدَرَ فُلَانٌ بَعْدَ إِخْوَتِهِ Such a one remained after the death of his brothers. (TA. [But غَدَرَ, here, is app. a mistake for غَدِرَ, unless both forms be allowable.]) A5: غَدِرَ اللَّيْلُ; (K;) or غَدِرَتِ اللَّيْلَةُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. غَدَرٌ; and ↓ أَغْدَرَت; (S;) The night became dark: (K:) or became intensely dark. (S.) A6: غَدِرَتِ الغَنَمُ, (K,) inf. n. غَدَرٌ, (TA,) The sheep, or goats, became satiated in the place of pasture in the first of the growth thereof. (K.) A7: غَدِرَتِ الأَرْضُ The land abounded with غَدَر [q. v.]. (K.) 2 غدّر He cast men, or made them to fall, into what is termed غَدَر [q. v.]; and ↓ اغدر may signify the same. (O.) 3 غادرهُ, inf. n. مُغَادَرَةٌ (S, K) and غِدَارٌ; (K;) and ↓ اغدرهُ; (S, K;) He left him, or it; (S, K;) he left him, or it, remaining. (K.) It is said in the Kur xviii. 47, لَا يُغَادِرُ صَغِيرَةً وَلَا كَبِيرَةً It will not leave, or omit, or it will not fall short of, (TA,) a small sin nor a great sin. (Jel.) And in a trad., يَا لَيْتَنِى غُودِرْتُ مَعَ أَصْحَابِ نُحْصِ الجَبَلِ Would that I had [been left behind, and had] suffered martyrdom with the people of the foot of the mountain of Ohud, who were slain there, and the other martyrs: said by Mohammad. (A 'Obeyd.) [See also a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مُتَرَدَّمٌ; and another, of Kutheiyir, voce عَسْبٌ.] b2: اغدر also signifies He left behind. (TA.) You say النَّاقَةَ ↓ اغدر, and الشَّاةَ, He (the pastor) left the she-camel behind the other camels, and the sheep, or goat, behind the other sheep, or goats. (S.) And لَهُ ذٰلِكَ فِى قَلْبِى مَوَدَّةً

i. e. [Such a one aided me, and that] left remaining [in my heart a love for him]. (Lh, TA.) 4 أَغْدَرَ see 3, in four places: A2: and see also 1: A3: and 2.5 تَغَدَّرَ see غَدِرَ.10 استغدر It (a place) had in it pools of water left by a torrent or torrents. (K.) b2: and اِسْتَغْدَرَتْ هُنَاكَ غُدُرٌ Pools of water left by a torrent or torrents became formed there. (S.) غَدَرٌ; pl. غُدُورٌ: see غُدْرَةٌ, in three places. b2: [Hence,] one says, أَلْقَتِ النَّاقَةُ غَدَرَهَا The she-camel cast forth what her womb had left remaining in it of blood and foul matter [after her bringing forth]. (TA.) And أَلْقَتِ الشَّاةُ غُدُورَهَا The ewe, or she-goat, cast forth the water and blood and other remains in her womb after bringing forth. (TA.) b3: And فِى النَّهْرِ غَدَرٌ In the river, or rivulet, is slime remaining when the water has sunk into the earth. (TA.) A2: غَدَرٌ signifies also A place such as is termed ظَلِف [app. as meaning hard, and that does not show a footmark, or rugged and hard], abounding with stones: (S, O, TA:) or a place abounding with stones, difficult to traverse: (TA:) or any difficult place, through which the beast can hardly, or in nowise, pass: (K:) or soft ground, in which are [trenches, or channels, such as are termed] لَخَاقِيق: (TA:) or burrows, (Lh, S, K, TA,) and banks, or ridges, worn and undermined by water, (Lh, TA,) and uneven لَخَاقِيق in the ground: (Lh, S, K, TA: [and the like is also said in the TA on the authority of As:]) and stones (K, TA) with trees; thus accord. to Az and IKtt: (TA:) and anything that conceals one, and obstructs his sight: pl. أَغْدَارٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, مَا أَثْبَتَ غَدَرَهُ, meaning مَا أَثْبَتَهُ فِى الغَدَرِ [How firm is he in traversing the rugged and hard and stony place! &c.]: this is said of the horse: and also (assumed tropical:) of the man when his tongue is firm in the place of slipping and of contention or litigation: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Lh, it means (assumed tropical:) how firm, or valid, is his argument, or plea, and how seldom does harm in consequence of slipping and stumbling befall him! or, accord. to Ks, how firm is what remains of his intellect or understanding! but ISd says that this explanation did not please him. (TA.) And فَرَسٌ ثَبْتُ الغَدَرِ A horse firm, or steady, in the place of slipping. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA.) And رَجُلٌ ثَبْتُ الغَدَرِ (tropical:) A man firm, or steadfast, in fight, or conflict, (S, K, TA,) or in altercation or disputation, or in speech, (S accord. to different copies,) or and in altercation or disputation, (K, TA,) and in speech; (TA;) and also in everything that he commences. (K, TA.) And accord. to Ibn-Buzurj one says, إِنَّهُ لَثَبْتُ الغَدَرِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily he is strong in talking or discoursing, with men, and in contending, or disputing, with them. (L.) [See also ثَبْتٌ.]

غَدِرٌ [part. n. of غَدِرَ]. b2: See غَادِرٌ, last sentence but one.

A2: And see also غَدُورٌ.

A3: You say also لَيْلَةٌ غَدِرَةٌ and ↓ مُغْدِرَةٌ (S, K) meaning A dark night; (K;) as also ↓ غَدْرَآءُ: (IKtt, TA:) or an intensely-dark night, (S,) in which the darkness confines men in their places of alighting or abode, and their shelter, so that they remain behind: or, as some say, such a night is termed ↓ مُغْدِرَةٌ because it casts him who goes forth therein into the غدر [i. e. غَدَر]. (L, TA.) غُدَرُ and غُدَرٌ: see غَادِرٌ, in six places: A2: and for غُدَرٌ, see also غَدِيرٌ.

غَدْرَةٌ [an inf. n. un., signifying An act of perfidy. unfaithfulness, faithlessness, or treachery]: see two exs. voce غَادِرٌ.

غُدْرَةٌ and ↓ غِدْرَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ غِدَرَةٌ, (ISk, Az, TA,) and ↓ غَدَرَةٌ and ↓ غَدَرٌ, (Lh, TA,) and ↓ غُدَارَةٌ, with damm, (K,) or ↓ غِدَارَةٌ, (as written in the L,) A portion that is left, or left remaining, of a thing; (K, * TA;) a remain, remainder, remnant, relic, or residue: (Lh, ISk, Az, L:) the pl. of غُدْارَةٌ is غُدْرَاتٌ (K) [and accord. to analogy غُدَرَاتٌ and غُدُرَاتٌ] and app. غُدَرٌ; (TA;) and that of ↓ غِدَرَةٌ [or ↓ غِدْرَةٌ] is غِدَرٌ and غِدَرَاتٌ; (ISk, Az;) and that of ↓ غَدَرٌ is غُدُورٌ. (TA.) You say, عَلَى

مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ ↓ فُلَانٍ غِدَرٌ Such a one owes arrears of the poor-rate. (ISk.) And عَلَى بَنِى فُلَانٍ

مِنَ الصَّدَقَةِ ↓ غَدَرَةٌ and ↓ غَدَرٌ The sons of such a one owe an arrear of the poor-rate. (Lh, L.) And مِنْ مَرَضٍ ↓ بِهِ غَادِرٌ In him is a relic of disease; like غَابِرٌ. (TA.) غِدْرَةٌ, and the pl. غِدَرٌ: see غُدْرَةٌ, in three places.

غَدَرَةٌ: see غُدْرَةٌ, in two places.

غِدَرَةٌ, and the pl. غِدَرٌ: see غُدْرَةٌ, in three places.

غَدْرَآءُ Darkness. (K.) b2: See also غَدِرٌ.

A2: أَرْضٌ غَدْرَآءُ Land abounding with places of the kind termed غَدَر. (IKtt, TA.) غَدَارِ: see غَادِرٌ.

غَدُورٌ: see غَادِرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A she-camel that remains, or lags, behind the other camels: (K, TA:) in some of the copies of the K غَدُورَةٌ, with ة; but the former is the right. (TA.) And غَبِرَةٌ غَمْرَةٌ ↓ نَاقَةٌ غَدِرَةٌ A she-camel that remains, or lags, behind the other camels, in being driven. (Lh.) غَدِيرٌ A pool of water left by a torrent: (A 'Obeyd, S, M, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفَاعِلٌ, from غَادَرهُ, or مُفْعَلٌ, from أَغْدَرَهُ; or, as some say, of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ; (S;) because it is unfaithful to those who come to it to water, failing when much wanted: (S, * TA:) but it is a subst.; [not an epithet; or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, and only used as a subst.:] you do not say هٰذَا مَآءٌ غَدِيرٌ: (Lh:) or a place in which rain-water stagnates, whether small or large, not remaining until the summer: (Lth:) or a river: (Msb:) [but this is extr.:] pl. [of pauc. أَغْدِرَةٌ, (occurring in a verse cited voce إِلَّا, &c.,) and of mult.] غُدْرَانٌ (S, Msb, K, TA) and غُدُرٌ (S, Nh, L, TA,) which last is sometimes contracted into غُدْرٌ: (TA:) in the K, the last pl. is said to be of the measure of صُرَدٌ; [i. e. ↓ غُدَرٌ;] but this is inconsistent with what is said in other lexicons, as shown above: and it is also said in the K that غُدَرٌ signifies the same as غَدِيرٌ, in the sense first given above; but it appears that this is a pl. of غُدْرَةٌ; and that, in the K, we should read, for وَالغَدِيرُ, كَالغَدِيرِ, and place this before, instead of after, its explanation. (TA.) b2: Hence, (tropical:) A piece of herbage; (TA;) as also ↓ غَدِيرَةٌ: pl. غُدْرَانٌ: (K, TA;) this is the only pl. (TA.) b3: Hence also, (TA,) (tropical:) A sword; (K, TA;) like as it is called لُجٌّ. (TA.) b4: and ↓ غَدِيرَةٌ also signifies A she-camel left by the pastor (S, K) behind the other camels; and in like manner, a sheep, or goat. (S.) غُدَارَةٌ or غِدَارَةٌ: see غُدْرَةٌ.

غَدِيرَةٌ: see غَدِيرٌ, last two sentences.

A2: Also A portion, or lock, or plaited lock, of hair, hanging from the head; syn. ذُؤَابَةٌ: (S, K:) accord. to Lth, every عَقِيصَة is a غَدِيرَة; and the غَدِيرَتَانِ are the two portions, or locks, or plaited locks, of hair (ذَؤَابَتَانِ) which fall upon the breast: (TA:) pl. غَدَائِرُ: (S, K:) or غدائر pertain to women, and are plaited; and ضَفَائِر, to men. (TA.) A3: غَدِيرَةُ الحَائِكِ means The hollow, in the ground, in which the weaver puts his legs, or feet: also called الوَهْدَةُ. (Mgh in art. وهد.) غَدَّارٌ: see غَادِرٌ; the first and third, in two places.

غَدِّيرٌ: see غَادِرٌ; the first and third, in two places.

غَدَّارَةٌ: see غَادِرٌ; the first and third, in two places.

غَادِرٌ and ↓ غُدَرٌ [respecting which see below] (S, K) and ↓ غَدُورٌ and ↓ غَدَّارٌ and ↓ غِدِّيرٌ (K) are epithets applied to a man [and signifying, the first, Perfidious, unfaithful, faithless, or treacherous; or acting perfidiously, &c.; and the rest, very perfidious, &c.]: (S, K:) and ↓ غَدُورٌ and ↓ غَدَّارٌ and ↓ غَدَّارَةٌ are epithets applied to a woman [and signifying as above]: (K:) but ↓ غُدَر is mostly used in calling to a man and reviling him: (S:) you say to a man, يَا غُذَرُ [O very perfidious man]; (S, K;) and in like manner, ↓ يَا مَغْدَرُ, and ↓ يا مَغْدِرُ, and ↓ يَا ابْنَ مَغْدَرٍ, and ↓ يا ابن مَغْدِرٍ, all determinate; (K, TA;) and to a woman, ↓ يا غَدَارِ, like قَطَامِ: (K:) [accord. to some, ↓ غُدَر is only used in this manner, and is therefore without tenween; for] it is said that رَجُلٌ غُدَرُ is not allowable, because غُدَرُ is determinate: but Sh says رَجُلٌ غُدَرٌ, writing it, says Az, with tenween, contr. to what Lth says; and this is correct; a word of the measure فُعَل being imperfectly decl. [only] when it is a determinate subst., like عُمَرُ and زُفَرُ: and IAth says that غُدَرُ is altered from its original form, which is غَادِرٌ, for the sake of intensiveness: (TA:) in the pl. [sense] you say يَالَ غُدَرَ, (S,) or يَا لَغُدَرَ, [for يَا آلَ غُدَرَ, (see the letter ل, and see آلٌ, in art. اول,)] like يَا لَفُجَرَ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., ↓ يَا غُدَرُ

↓ أَلَسْتُ أَسْعَى فِى غَدْرَتِكَ [app. meaning, O thou very perfidious: am I not striving, or labouring, in respect of thine act of perfidy, to rectify it?]. (S: but in one copy, غُدْرَتِكَ.) And in another trad., relating to El-Hodeybiyeh, وَهَلْ ↓ يَا غُدَرُ

إِلَّا بِالْأَمْسِ ↓ غَسَلْتَ غَدْرَتَكَ [O thou very perfidious: and didst thou wash away thine act of perfidy save yesterday?]: said by 'Orweh Ibn-Mes'ood to El-Mugheereh. (TA.) And in another trad., ↓ اِجْلِسْ غُدَرُ [Sit thou, O very perfidious]; for يَا غُدَرُ: said by 'Áïsheh to El-Kásim. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ سِنُونَ غَدَّارَةٌ (tropical:) Years in which is much rain and little herbage; from [the inf. n.] الغَدْرُ; i. e. that excite people's eager desire for abundance of herbage, by the rain, and then fail to fulfil their promise. (TA.) b3: [And ↓ غَدِرٌ is app. syn. with غَادِرٌ; for] غَدِرَةٌ occurs in a trad. applied to land (أَرْض), as though meaning (assumed tropical:) Not producing herbage bountifully; or giving growth to herbage, and then soon becoming blighted, or blasted; wherefore it is likened to the غَادِر, who acts unfaithfully. (TA.) A2: See also غُدْرَةٌ, last sentence.

مَغْدَر and مَغْدِر: see غَادِرٌ, each in two places.

لَيْلَةٌ مُغْدِرَةٌ: see غَدِرٌ, in two places.

غمز

1 غَمَزَهُ, (S, A, K,) or غَمَزَهُ بِيَدِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. غَمْزٌ, (TA,) He felt him, (namely, a ram,) to know if he were fat: (S, A, Msb, K:) and غَمَزَهَا he put his hand upon her (a camel's) back, to see how fat she was. (TA.) b2: Hence, (Msb,) غَمَزَهُ بِيَدِهِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. غَمْزٌ, (A, K,) He pressed, or squeezed, it, [with his hand,] namely, a limb, (A, K, TA,) and a man's back. (TA.) So in a trad. of 'Omar: دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَعِنْدَهُ غُلَيْمٌ يَغْمِزُ ظَهْرَهُ [He went in to him, and with him was a little boy pressing, or squeezing, or kneading, his back]. (TA.) And in a trad. respecting the ablution termed الغُسْل, it is said, اِغْمِزِى قُرُونَكِ, meaning Press thou, or squeeze thou, the locks of thy hair, in washing. (TA.) You also say, غَمَزَ الثِّقَافُ القَنَاةَ The straightening-instrument pinched and pressed the spear. (A, * Mgh, TA. *) A poet (namely Ziyád El-Aajam, TA) says, وَكُنْتُ إِذَا غَمَزْتُ قَنَاةَ قَوْمٍ

كَسَرْتُ كُعُوبَهَا أَوْ تَسْتَقِيمَا [And I used, when I pinched and pressed the spear of a people, to break its knots, or internodal portions, unless it became straight]. (S, TA. It is a prov., respecting which see remarks in art. او.) A2: غَمَزَ, (A, Msb,) and غَمَزَهُ, (S, Mgh, K,) aor. ـِ (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَمْزٌ, (Msb, TA,) (tropical:) He made a sign, (A, Msb,) and he made a sign to him, (Mgh, K, *) with the eye, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) or eyebrow, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) or eyelid [by winking]. (K.) So in the saying, in a trad., غَمَزَنِى عَلِىٌّ أَنْ قُلْ نَعَمْ (tropical:) '4lee made a sign to me with the eye, or eyebrow, meaning, Say thou Yes. (Mgh.) The people of the West say, غَمَزَهُ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Such a one blinked towards such a one, to instigate him against him, or in order that he should have recourse to him for protection or the like, or seek aid of him. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, الغَمْزُ بِالنَّاسِ: (S:) you say, غَمَزَ بِالرَّجُلِ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. غَمْزٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He calumniated, or slandered, the man. (K.) [See also 4.] b3: You say also, غُمِزَتْ شَهَادَتَهُ [(assumed tropical:) His testimony was suspected (see مَغْمُوزٌ), or impugned]. (TA in art. زور.) A3: غَمَزَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, (K,) or غَمَزَ فِى مَشْيِهِ, (Msb,) or مِنْ رِجْلِهِ, (S,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. غَمْزٌ, (S, Msb,) (assumed tropical:) The beast limped, or it halted, with its hind leg; had a slight lameness thereof: (K, * TA:) or he had what resembled عَرَج [or natural lameness] in his gait: (Msb:) or, as IKtt says, غَمَزَتِ الدَّابَّةُ بِرِجْــلِهَا the beast gave an indication of a limping, or halting, or slight lameness, in its hind leg: whence it appears that this signification may be tropical. (TA.) A4: غَمَزَ said of a disease, or of a vice, or fault, of a man, It appeared. (AA, K.) A5: See also 4.3 غَاْمَزَ [This verb is mentioned by Golius as syn. with عايب, a verb for which I find no authority: and Freytag renders it “ Vitii arguit,” and refers to a passage in Har (p. 427 of the see. ed.) where (like as is done by Golius) المُغامِز and المُعايِب, as syn., are erroneously put for المَغامِز and المَعايِب.]4 أَغْمَزَتْ She (a camel) had fat, (O, K,) or a little fat, (ISd, IKtt, TA,) in her hump. (ISd, IKtt, O, K.) Hence the epithet ↓ غَمُوزٌ, applied to her. (TA.) A2: اغمز فِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) He blamed, or found fault with, such a one; attributed or imputed to him, or charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, or fault; (S, IKtt, K, TA;) deemed him weak; (TA;) lessened his rank, or dignity: (S, IKtt, K, * TA:) he found in him that for which he should be deemed weak: (A, TA:) and ↓ اغتمزهُ he impugned his character; blamed him; censured him; or spoke against him. (K.) You say, فُلَانٌ ↓ فَعَلْتُ شَيْئًا فاغْتَمَزَهُ (tropical:) I did a thing, and such a one impugned my character, or found in it that by which my character was impugned. (S, TA.) And سَمِعَ مِنِّى كَلِمَةً

فِى عَقْلِهِ ↓ فَاغْتَمَزَهَا (tropical:) He heard from me a saying, and deemed it weak: (A, TA:) and in like manner, أَغْمَزَ فِيهَا found in it that for which it was to be deemed weak. (TA.) A3: أَغْمَزَنِى الحَرُّ (tropical:) The heat remitted, or abated, to me, so that I became emboldened to encounter it, and went upon the road: (AA, ISk, S, IKtt, K, * TA:) Az says ↓ غَمَزَنِى

الحَرُّ, on the authority of AA: (TA:) and AA mentioned اغمرنى الحرّ in this sense, but afterwards doubted, and said, I think that it is with زاى. (TA in art. غمر.) b2: And أَغْمَزَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became gentle, so that others were emboldened against him. (IKtt, TA.) A4: And أَغْمَزَ [ for which أَغْمَزَه is erroneously put in the CK] He acquired cattle such as are termed غَمَز [q. v.]: (O, K, TA:) like أَقْمَزَ. (O.) 5 تَغَمَّزَ [This verb is said by Freytag to have a signification belonging to تَغَمَّرَ.]6 تغامزوا They made signs, one to another, with their eyes, (S, A, K, B,) or with the eyebrow, (A,) or hand, indicating something blameable or faulty. (B.) In this sense it is expl. as used in the Kur lxxxiii. 30. (S, B.) 8 إِغْتَمَزَ see 4, in three places.

غَمَزٌ Cattle (i. e. camels, and sheep or goats, TA) of a bad quality. (As, S, O, K.) b2: and A weak man: (S, O, K:) like قَمَزٌ: pl. أَغْمَازٌ, like أَقْمَازٌ of قَمَزٌ. (TA.) غَمُوزٌ A she-camel of which one doubts whether she be fat or not and therefore feels the hump: (A'Obeyd, S, K:) pl. غُمْزٌ [or غُمُزٌ, or both?]. (TA.) See 4, first sentence.

غَمِيزٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

غَمِيزَةٌ (tropical:) A thing for which one's character is to be impugned; for which one is to be blamed, censured, or spoken against; a vice, or fault; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ غَمِيزٌ (TA) and ↓ مَغْمَزٌ (S, A, Mgh, K) or ↓ مَغْمَزَةٌ: (Msb:) and weakness in work, and impotence of mind, (TA,) and ignorance: (T, TA:) the pl. of ↓ مَغْمَزٌ is مَغَامِزُ, (TA,) syn. with مَعَايِبُ. (S.) You say, لَيْسَ فِيهِ غَمِيزَةٌ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ غَمِيزٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مَغْمَزٌ, (A, Mgh, K,) or ↓ مَغْمَزَةٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) There is not in him anything for which his character is to be impugned; or for which he is to be blamed; &c.: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) or there is not in it anything for which it is to be coveted: (K:) or ↓ مَا فِيهِ مَغْمَزٌ has both of the above-mentioned significations. (A.) And فِى

جَمَّةٌ ↓ فُلَانَةَ مَغَامِزُ (tropical:) In such a woman are many vices, or faults. (A.) [See مَغْمَزٌ, below.]

جَارِيَةٌ غَمَّازَةٌ A girl who presses, or squeezes, or kneads, the limbs well with the hand. (A, K, * TA.) A2: اِمْرَأَةٌ غَمَّازَةٌ (tropical:) A woman who makes frequent signs with the eye, &c.; who has a habit of doing so; syn. رَمَّازَةٌ. (TA in art. رمز.) b2: غَمَّازٌ One who blames, or finds fault with, others, much, or habitually. (TA in art. همز.) غَامِزٌ [meaning Limping, or halting, &c., and having a limping, or halting, &c.,] is like ظَالِعٌ: sometimes used as a possessive noun; and [therefore] one does not say غَامِزَةٌ. (O and TA in art. ظلع.) مَغْمَزٌ [should by rule be مَغْمِزٌ: its primary signification is A place of feeling, to know if an animal be fat: hence, a place of pressing or squeezing a limb &c.: and a place of pinching and pressing a spear, to straighten it]. b2: نُكْتَةٌ لَامَغْمَزَ لِقَنَاتِهَا وَلَا مَقْرَعَ لِصَفَاتِهَا (tropical:) [lit. A nice or subtile saying, the spear of which has no place where it requires to be pinched and pressed to straiten it, and the rock of which has no rough place requiring to be beaten, or for the rock of which there is no beating,] means, (assumed tropical:) that has no crookedness: مقرع is an inf. n., or means “ a place of beating,” and صفاة is “ a rock; ” and the above-mentioned use of these two words is borrowed from the phrase قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ, meaning (tropical:) “ he impugned his character; blamed, or censured, him; or spoke against him. ” (Mgh.) b3: See also غَمِيزَةٌ, in five places.

مَغْمَزَةٌ: see غَمِيزَةٌ, in two places.

مَغْمُوزٌ (tropical:) A man (A, TA) suspected (S, A, * K) of a vice, or fault. (TA.)