عشرق

Q. 1 عَشْرَقَ, said of a plant, or of herbage, and [عَشْرَقَت] said of land, It became green. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) عِشْرِقٌ A certain plant, (S, K,) of the [kind of plants called] أَغْلَاث, the grain of which is good for the piles, and for generating milk, and blackens the hair, (K,) or the leaves whereof, which are like those of the عِظْلِم, intensely green, blacken the hair when it is dressed therewith, and cause it to grow: (TA:) n. un. with ة: (K:) Aboo-Ziyád says, it is of the [kind of plants called]

أَغْلَاث, and is a tree [or plant] that spreads upon the ground, having thick [in the TA wide] leaves, and not having thorns, and is scarcely, or never, eaten by anything but the goats, which take some little thereof, except its grain, for this is eaten: some of the Arabs call it فَنًا; and when a grain thereof falls upon the ground and dries, it becomes red as though it were a bit of red wool: sometimes, he says, the women use its leaves in combing and dressing their hair, which it blackens, and causes to grow: he says also, an Arab of the desert, of Rabee'ah, informed me that the عِشْرِقَة rises upon a short stem, then spreads into many branches, and bears numerous fruits, which are long, broad pods, in every one of which pods are two rows of grains exactly like the stones of raisins, and these are eaten while fresh, and are cooked, and are pleasant in taste; and when the wind blows, those pods become in a state of commotion, being suspended by slender stalks, so that they make a rustling sound, and you hear, in the valley in which they are found, a low and confused sound, which frightens the camels; and the serpents do not make their abode in that valley, fleeing from the sound: its leaves are like those of the عِظْلِم, intensely green; and its grain is white, pleasant to the taste, easily broken, unctuous, and hot; good for the piles: Aboo-Ziyád also says that the عِشْرِق and سَنًا [i. e. senna] are like each other, except that the leaves of the latter are thin; also, that an Arab of the desert, of the Benoo-Asad, told him that the blossom of the عِشْرِق inclines to whiteness; and that the places of its growth were said by some to be the rugged tracts: (O:) Az says that it is a herb of which the leaves and produce are like those of the غَار [or bay], except in being larger: IAar, that it is a red plant, of sweet odour, used by the brides: and IB, from As, that it is a cubit in height, having small grains, and, when dry, producing a sound by reason of the passage of the wind: (TA:) [Forskål (in his Flora Aegypt. Arab. pp. cxi. and 86) mentions it as a species of cassia:] عَشَارِقُ is pl. of عِشْرِقَةٌ, or of the gen. n. عِشْرِقٌ. (TA.) Quasi عشرن Q. Q. 1 عَشْرَنَهُ: see art. عشر.

عثكل

Q. 1 عَثْكَلَ الهَوْدَجَ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَثْكَلَةٌ, (TK,) He adorned the هودج [or women's camel-vehicle] with the kind of pendant termed عُثْكُولَة. (K, * TA.) And عُثْكِلَ الهَوْدَجُ The هودج was [so] adorned. (S.) A2: And [the inf. n.] عَثْكَلَةٌ signifies A heavy kind of running. (K.) One says, هُوَ يُعَثْكِلُ He runs heavily. (TK.) Q. 2 تَعَثْكَلَ العِذْقُ The عذق [or raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] had many شَمَارِيخ [or fruit-stalks, also called عَثَاكِيل, whence the verb]. (S, TA.) عِثْكَالٌ and ↓ عُثْكُولٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُثْكُولَةٌ (K) i. q. شِمْرَاخٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and شُمْرُوخٌ, (Msb,) i. e. [A fruit-stalk of the raceme of a palm-tree; or] a stalk, of a كِبَاسَة, upon which are the ripening dates: (S, O:) or [so in some copies of the K and in the TA, but in other copies of the K “ and,”] i. q. عِذْقٌ [i. e. a raceme of a palm-tree or of dates]; (K;) [i. e.] an عُنْقُود of a palm-tree, of which the شِمْرَاخ is a single branching stalk: (Mgh:) [agreeably with this last explanation and the latter of the two here given from the K, it is said,] and it is, in relation to the palm-tree, like the عُنْقُود in relation to the grape-vine: (S, O:) and in one dial., the ع is changed into ء, so that one says إِثْكَالٌ [and أُثْكُولٌ]: the pl. is عَثَاكِيلُ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., خُذُوا عِثْكَالًا فِيهِ مِائَةُ شِمْرَاخٍ فَاضْرِبُوهُ بِهَا ضَرْبَةً [i. e. Take ye a raceme of a palm-tree in which are a hundred fruit-stalks, and strike him therewith a single stroke]. (O.) عُثْكُولٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: b2: and that here following.

عُثْكُولَةٌ: see عِثْكَالٌ. b2: Also, (K,) and ↓ عُثْكُولٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A kind of pendant, of عِهْن [i. e. wool, or dyed wool], or some [other] ornament, (K, TA,) suspended to a هودج [or women's camel-vehicle], (TA,) so as to dangle in the air: (K, TA:) pl. عَثَاكِلُ occurring in a verse [by poetic license for عَثَاكِيلُ]. (TA.) عِدْقٌ مُعَثْكَلٌ [A raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] having many شَمَارِيخ [or fruit-stalks]. (TA.) [See also the following paragraph.] b2: And, by way of comparison [thereto], هَوْدَجْ مُعَثْكَلٌ (assumed tropical:) A هودج [or women's camel-vehicle] having much wool [in the form of pendants, suspended to it]. (TA.) عِذْقٌ مُتَعَثْكِلٌ and مُتَعَثْكَلٌ [A raceme of a palm-tree or of dates] having عَثَاكِيل [i. e. fruit-stalks]. (K.) [See also the next preceding paragraph.]

عظلم

Q. 2 تَعَظْلَمَ, [from عِظْلِمٌ as signifying a certain plant or dye,] said of the night, It was, or became, dark, and very black; (K, TA;) i. e. it became like the عِظْلِم. (TA.) عِظْلِمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of which عَظْلَمٌ is a dial. var., (MF, TA,) The expressed juice of a species of tree or plant, (Az, K, TA,) the colour of which is like نِيل [or indigo], green (أَخْضَر) inclining to duskiness: (Az, TA:) or a certain plant, (S, K,) or thing, (Msb,) with which one dyes, (S, Msb, K,) said to be (Msb) called in Pers\. نِيل [i. e. the indigo-plant]: (Msb, and so in some copies of the S; other copies of which, for نيل, have تفل:) or i. q. وَسْمَةٌ [an appellation now applied to woad; as is also عِظْلِم]: (S, Msb, K:) AHn says, one of the Arabs of the desert told me that the عظلم is the male وَسْمَة: he also says that it is a small tree or plant, (شُجَيْرَةٌ), of the [class called] رِبَّة, that grows in a late season, and the greenness of which is lasting: and in one place he says, an Arab of the desert, of the Saráh (السَّرَاة), told me that the عِظْلِمَة [which is the n. un.] is a tree or plant (شَجَرَةٌ) that rises upon a stem about a cubit [in height] and has branches at the extremities of which are what resemble the blossoms of the كُزْبَرَة [or coriander], and it (the tree or plant) is dustcoloured: (TA:) some say that it is the بِقَّم [or Brazil-wood]: (Msb:) MF says, it is the خَطْمِىّ [or marsh-mallow]: (TA:) thus says El-Hareeree; but El-'Okbaree says that it is not that: (Har p. 625:) and some say that it is a certain red dye. (TA.) Hence the prov., بَيْضَآءُ لَايُدْجِى سَنَاهَا العِظْلِمُ i. e. [A white, or fair, female,] whose whiteness [or brightness] عظلم will not blacken [or darken]: applied to that which is notable, which nothing will conceal. (Meyd, TA.) b2: Hence, as being likened thereto, (S,) it signifies also The dark night: (S, K:) one says لَيْلٌ عِظْلِمٌ. (TA.) عَظْلَمَةٌ Darkness. (K.) عِظْلَامٌ Dust; syn. قَتَرَةٌ and غَبَرَةٌ. (K.)

برقع

Q. 1 بَرْقَعَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. بَرْقَعَةٌ, (TA,) He attired him with a بُرْقُع: (S, K:) and بَرْقَعَ المَرْأَةَ he attired the woman with a بُرْقُع (Msb.) b2: بَرْقَعَ لِحْيَتَهُ [He veiled his beard with a بُرْقُع;] He assumed the guise of such as wear the بُرْقُع; (TA;) i. e. صَارَ مَأْبُونًا [he became effeminate, or a catamite]. (K, TA.) A poet says, أَلَمْ تَرَ قَيْسًا قَيْسَ عَيْلَانَ بَرْقَعَتْ لِحَاهَا وَبَاعَتْ نَبْلَهَا بِالمَغَازِلِ

[Dost thou no see that Keys, Keys-'Eylan, have veiled their beards, and sold their arrows for spindles?]. (TA.) b3: بَرْقَعَ فُلَانًا بِالعَصَا, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He struck such a one with the staff, or stick, between his ears, (K, TA,) so that it became like the بُرْقُع upon his head. (TA.) Q. 2 تَبَرْقَعَ He attired himself with a بُرْقُع (S , K:) and تَبَرْقَعَتْ she (a women) attired herself with a بُرْقُع. (Msb.) بُرْقَعٌ: see what next follows.

بُرْقُعٌ (IAar, S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ بُرْقَعٌ (IAar, S, Msb, K ,) but some disallow this latter, (Msb,) and ↓ بُرْقُوعٌ, (IAar, S, K,) but AHát disallows this, as well as the second, (TA,) A thing pertaining to women and to horses or similar beasts, (K,) or to horses or similar beasts and to the women of the Arabs of the desert; (S;) a thing with which a woman veils her face; (Msb;) having in it two holes for the eyes: (Lth:) a small piece of cloth, or rag, pierced for the eyes, worn by horses or similar beasts and by the women of the Arabs of the desert: (Mgh:) [or, accord. to the general fashion of the present time, a long strip of cotton or other cloth, black, blue, or of some other colour, or white, concealing the whole of the face of the woman wearing it, except the eyes, and reaching nearly to the feet, suspended at the top by a narrow band, or other fastening, which passes up the middle of the forehead, and which is sewed, as are also the two upper corners, to a band which is tied round the head, beneath the head-veil: (see my “ Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians,” ch. i.:)] ↓ بُرْقَعَةٌ, if correct, is a more particular term: (Mgh:) the pl. is بَرَاقِعُ. (Lth, Msb.) [See نِقَابٌ.] b2: [البُرْقُعُ The curtain of the door of the Kaabeh.] b3: See also بِرْقِعُ.

بِرْقَعُ: see what next follows.

بِرْقَعُ, (S, K, * TA,) imperfectly decl., (S, TA,) and ↓ بِرْقَعُ, (Fr, Az, Ibn-'Abbád,) of a rare form, like هِجْرَع, (Fr, Az, *) or البِرْقِعُ and ↓ البُرْقُعُ, (K, * TA,) but perhaps this last is a mistranscription, for بِرْقَعُ, (TA,) a name of The heaven, or sky: (Fr:) or the seventh heaven: (AAF, S, K:) or the fourth heaven: (Lth, Az, K:) or the first heaven; (K;) i. e. the lowest heaven: IDrd says, so they assert; and in like manner says IF; and he says, the ب is augmentative, the radical letters being ر ق ع, for every heaven is termed رَقِيعٌ, and the heavens [together] are termed أَرْقِعَةٌ: (TA:) or the lowest heaven is termed الرَّقِيعُ. (S, TA.) [See an ex. voce سَدِرٌ.]

بُرْقَعَةٌ: see بُرْقُعٌ.

بُرْقُوعٌ: see بُرْقُعٌ.

فَرَسٌ مُبَرْقَعٌ, (TA,) or فَرَسٌ أَغَرٌّ مُبَرْقَعٌ, (Mgh,) A horse having what is termed غُرَّةٌ مُبَرْقِعَةٌ: (TA:) or a horse having the whole of his face white. (Mgh.) And شَاةٌ مُبَرْقَعَةٌ A sheep, or ewe, having the head white. (S, K.) غُرَّةٌ مُبَرْقِعَةٌ A blaze, or whiteness, on the face of a horse, occupying the whole of his face, except that he looks (يَنْظُرُ [for which يُنْظَرُ is erroneously substituted in the CK]) in blackness; (S, L, K;) [i. e.] this whiteness passing downwards to the cheeks without reaching to the eyes. (L, TA.)

درهم

Q. 1 دَرْهَمَتْ, said of the خُبَازَى [or mallow], (K, TA,) It became round [in its leaves]; (TA;) its leaves became like [the silver coins called]

دَرَاهِم. (K.) Q. 4 اِدْرَهَمَّ, (S, K,) inf. n. اِدْرِهْمَامٌ, (S,) He (a man, TA) became aged: (K, TA:) or he (an old man) tottered (سَقَطَ) by reason of age. (S, TA.) b2: ادرهمّ بَصَرَهُ His sight became dim, or obscure. (K.) دِرْهَمٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) of the measure فِعْلَلٌ, (Msb, MF,) of which it has been said that there are only three other instances, but there are many more; (MF;) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) from the Pers\. [دِرَمْ]; (S;) also pronounced ↓ دِرْهِمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) but this is of rare occurrence; (TA;) and ↓ دِرْهَامٌ, (S, K,) which is more rare; (TA;) A certain silver coin; (Mgh, Msb;) like as دِينَارٌ signifies a certain gold coin: (Mgh:) [and the weight thereof; i. e. a drachm, or dram:] its weight is six دَوَانِيق [or dániks]; (Msb, and K in art. مك;) i. e., the weight of the دِرْهَم إِسْلَامِىّ: but in the Time of Ignorance, some dirhems were light, being four دوانيق; and these were called طَبَرِيَّةٌ: and some were heavy, being eight دوانيق; and these were called عَبْدِيَّةٌ, or بَغْلِيَّةٌ: and of these two they made two that were equal; so that each درهم was six دوانيق: this is said to have been done by 'Omar: or, accord. to another account, some dirhems were of the weight of twenty carats, and were called the weight of ten [i. e. of ten dániks]; and some were of the weight of ten [carats], and were called the weight of five; and some were of the weight of twelve [carats], and were called the weight of six; and they put the three weights together, and called the third part thereof the weight of seven: and one of the weights of the درهم before El-Islám was twelve carats, which is six دوانيق: but the درهم اسلامىّ is sixteen carats; the دانق of this being a carat and two thirds: (Msb:) or dirhems should be fourteen carats [i. e. seven dániks]; ten being of the weight of seven مَثَاقِيل [or mithkáls]: in the Time of Ignorance, some were heavy, [equal to] مثاقيل; and some were light, [called]

طَبَرِيَّةٌ; and when they were coined in the age of El-Islám, they made of the heavy and the light two dirhems, so that ten became equal to seven مثاقيل: A 'Obeyd says that this was done in the time [of the dynasty] of the sons of Umeiyeh: (El-Karkhee, cited in the Mgh:) [see also De Sacy's “ Chrest. Arabe,” sec. ed., vol. ii. p. 110 of the Arabic text, and p. 282 of the transl.; where it is further stated, on the authority of Ibn-Khaldoon, that the دِرْهَم مَغْرِبِىّ was three دوانيق; and the يَمَنِىّ, one دانق; and, as is said in the Msb, that 'Omar adopted the mean between the بغلىّ and the طبرىّ, making the درهم to be six:] the pl. (of درهم, S) is دَرَاهِمُ and (of درهام, S) دَرَاهِيمُ. (S, K.) [The former of these pls. is often used as signifying Money, cash, or coin, in an absolute sense.] The dim. is ↓ دُرَيْهِمٌ and ↓ دُرَيْهِيمٌ: the latter held by Sb to be anomalous; for he says that it is as though it were formed from دِرْهَامٌ, though this was not used by them. (TA.) b2: Hence, as being likened thereto, [i. e., to the coin thus called,] (TA,) دِرْهَمٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A حَدِيقَة [app. as meaning a round piece of land surrounded by a fence or the like, or by elevated land; for this is one of the significations of حَدِيقَةٌ]. (K.) [It is said that] this is taken from the saying of 'Antarah, [describing shower of copious rain,] فَتَرَكْنَ كُلَّ حَدِيقَةٍ كَالدِّرْهَمِ [So that they left every ridged-round spot of ground like the درهم]. (TA.) [But accord. to one reading, he said, كُلَّ قَرَارَةٍ; meaning, as is said in the EM, p. 227, “every round hollow; ” and likening such a hollow to the درهم because of its roundness, and the clearness and whiteness of its water.]

دِرْهِمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دِرْهَامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دُرَيْهِمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دُرَيْهِيمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُدَرْهَمٌ A man possessing many دَرَاهِم: (Az, K:) it has no verb: (TA:) you should not say دُرْهِمَ. (Az, K.) مُدْرَهِمٌّ An old man tottering (سَاقِطٌ) by reason of age. (S, K.)

ضفدع

Q. 1 ضَفْدَعَ, said of water, It had in it ضَفَادِع [or frogs]. (O, K.) A2: And, said of a man, He shrank, or became contracted; syn. تَقَبَّضَ: or he voided his excrement, or ordure; or thin excrement; syn. سَلَحَ: or he emitted wind from the anus, with a sound. (TA.) ضِفْدِعٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ضَفْدَعٌ and ضُفْدَعٌ (K) and ضِفْدَعٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) this last said by some, (S, O, Msb,) but most rare, or rejected, (K,) disallowed by Kh and a number of others, (Msb,) [for] accord. to Kh [and others] there are only four words of the measure فِعْلَلٌ in the language, which are دِرْهَمٌ and هِجْرَعٌ and هِبْلَعٌ and the proper name قِلْعَمٌ, (S, O,) [The frog; and app. also the water-toad;] a certain reptile (دَابَّة) of the rivers, (K, TA,) generated in the river, (TA,) the flesh of which, cooked with oliveoil, is [said to be] an antidote to the poison of venomous creatures, (K, TA,) when put upon the place of the sting, or bite: (TA:) and [a certain reptile] of the land, (K, TA,) [app. the landtoad,] that lives, or grows, in caverns and caves, (TA,) the fat of which is [said to be] wonderful for the extraction of teeth (K, TA) without fatigue, and of the skin of which, tanned, the skull-cap that renders invisible (طَاقِيَّةُ الإِخْفَآءِ [a vulgar term]) is made, as is said by the performers of legerdemain; and the flesh of this species is said to be poisonous: (TA;) the fem., (S, O, Msb,) or the n. un., (K,) is with ة: and the pl. is ضَفَادِعُ (S, O, Msb, K) [and ضَفَادٍ; in the Msb and K, ضَفَادِى; in the O, correctly, الضَّفَادِى is said to be a var. of الضَّفَادِعُ, like الثَّعَالِى and الأَرَانِى of الثَّعَالِبُ and الأَرَانِبُ]. b2: نَقَّتْ ضَفَادِعُ بَطْنِهِ [lit. The frogs of his belly croaked] means (assumed tropical:) he was, or became, hungry; (O, K;) like نَقَّتْ عَصَافِيرُ بَطْنِهِ. (O.) b3: الضِّفْدِعُ الأَوَّلُ is a name of (assumed tropical:) The bright star α] on the mouth of Piscis Australis; (Kzw, Descr. of Aquarius;) also called فَمُ الحُوتِ: (Idem, Descr. of Piscis Australis:) and الضِّفْدِعُ الثَّانِى is the name of (assumed tropical:) The star on the southern fork of the tail of Cetus. (Idem.) b4: And الضِّفْدِعُ, (O, K,) thus only, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A certain bone [or horny substance, which we, in like manner, call “ the frog,”] in the interior of the horse's hoof, (O, K,) in the sole thereof. (O.) [See also نَسْرٌ.]

مُضَفْدِعَاتٌ Waters abounding with ضَفَادِع [or frogs]. (S, O.)