نجر

نَجَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَجْرٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He worked wood as a carpenter; cut or hewed it; formed or fashioned it by cutting; cut it out; hewed it out; shaped it out; syn. نَحَتَ; (Lth, S, A, K;) or, as some say, قَطَعَ. (TA.) A2: نَجَرَتْ, (TA,) [aor. as above, accord. to the rule of the K,] inf. n. نَجْرٌ, (K,) She (a woman) made, or prepared, the kind of food called نَجِيرَة, (K, * TA,) for her children, and her pastors. (TA.) نَجْرٌ (assumed tropical:) The shape, or form, of a man [or beast]; his appearance, or external state or condition: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) species; distinctive quality or property; syn. لَوْنٌ; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ and ↓ نُجَارٌ: (S, TA:) (tropical:) nature; natural or native disposition or temper or other quality or property; (A, TA;) of a man [&c.]; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ or ↓ نُجَارٌ: (A [in my copy of the A written erroneously نَجَارٌ:]) his place of growth; as also نجار: (A:) origin; syn. أَصْلٌ; as also ↓ نِجَارٌ and نُجَارٌ: (S, * K:) grounds of pretension to respect; rank or quality, nobility, honourableness, or estimableness; syn. ↓ حَسَبٌ; (S, * TA;) as also ↓ نِجَارٌ (S, * Msb, TA) and ↓ نُجَارٌ: (S, TA:) generosity of mind or spirit (A.) It is said in the prov., ↓ كُلٌّ نِجَارِ إِبِلٍ نِجَارُهَا وَنَارُ إِبْلِ العَالَمِينَ نَارُهَا Every species of camels is their species: (S:) or every origin &c.: (K:) [and every mark of the camels of the various peoples of the world is their mark: (the latter hemistich is omitted in the S, K, but inserted in the TA:)] the camels here mentioned by the poet were stolen from among a variety of camels, and comprised every species [with every mark]. (TA.) The proverb is applied to him who confounds things; (S;) and means, he has in him every sort of disposition, and has no opinion in which he is settled. (A 'Obeyd, S, K.) [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 317. See also نَارٌ.]

نَجْرَانٌ The piece of wood in which is the foot of a door: (K:) or the piece of wood upon which the foot of a door turns: (S:) or the foot of a door, upon which it turns: (A:) or the دَرْوَنْد [a Persian word signifying a bolt, and a hook,] of a door. (IAar, TA.) [Chald. נַנְרָא vectis, pessulus: (Golius:) which suggests that the original signification may be that assigned by IAar: but the first and second and third are alone agreeable with the following verse.] AO, cites this ex.: صَبَبْتُ المَآءَ فِى النَّجْرَانِ حَتَّى

تَرَكْتُ البَابَ لَيْسَ لَهُ صَرِيرُ [I poured water into, or upon, the نجران, so that I made the door to have no creaking]. (S.) نُجَارٌ and نِجَارٌ: see نَجْرٌ, throughout.

نُجَارَةٌ [Cuttings, chips, parings, shavings, or the like, of wood;] what is cut, or hewn, (K, TA,) from wood, (TA,) when it is worked by the carpenter. (TA.) نِجَارَةٌ The art of carpentry. (Msb, K.) نَجِيرَةٌ Milk mixed with flour: or with clarified butter: (K:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Ghamr ElKilábee, fresh milk to which clarified butter is added. (S.) See حَرِيرَةٌ.

نَجَّارٌ A carpenter. (S, A, Msb, K.) أَنْجَرٌ The anchor of a ship, (A, K,) composed of pieces of wood, (K, TA,) which are put with their heads in contrary directions, and the middles of which are bound together in one place, after which, (TA,) molten lead is poured between them, so that they become like a rock; (K, TA;) the heads of the pieces of wood project, and to these are tied ropes; then it is lowered in the water, (TA,) and when it becomes fast, the ship becomes fast: (K, TA:) it is a Persian word, (TA,) arabicized, from لَنْكَرْ: (K, TA:) [or from the Greek ἄγκυρα:] accord. to the T, a word of the dial. of El-'Irák. (TA.) You say هُوَ أَثْقَلُ مِنْ أَنْجَرٍ He is heavier than an anchor. (A.) إِنْجَارٌ: see إِجَّارٌ.

مَنْجُورٌ Wood worked, cut, hewed, formed, or fashioned by the carpenter. (A.)

ندر

1 نَدَرَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. نَدْرٌ, (S,) or نُدُورٌ, (M, Msb, K,) [which latter is the more common, if not the only right, form,] It fell, (T, M, Msb, K,) or went, or came, out, or forth, from another thing, or from other things, (Msb,) or from amid a thing, (T,) or from the inside of a thing, (T, M, K,) or from among things, so as to be apparent, or standing out to view; (M, K;) it fell, and became apart, fell off, fell out, or went, or came, out, or forth, from the generality of things, or the general assemblage, main body, bulk, or common mass, to which it pertained, or from other things: (S, TA:) or, [in some cases,] simply, it fell, or dropped. (TA.) b2: نَدَرَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ He went forth [and became separated] from his people. (Msb.) and نَدَرَ مِنْ بَيْتِهِ He went forth from his house or tent. (A.) I heard one say to his wife, أُنْدُرِى [Go thou forth and be separate: app. meaning, be thou divorced]. (Z, in the A, immediately following what here immediately precedes.) b3: نَدَرَ العَظْمُ, (A,) or نَدَرَ مِنْ مَوْضِعِهِ, (Msb,) The bone became dislocated or displaced. (A, Msb.) It is said of a man, in a trad., عَضَّ يَدَ آخَرَ فَنَدَرَ ثَنِيَّتَهُ [or, accord. to another relation, نَدَرَتْ, meaning, He bit the arm, or hand, of another, and his central incisor dropped out]. (TA.) b4: نَدَرَ طَائِرٌ عَنْ شَجَرَةٍ

A bird dropped and alighted from a tree. (TA.) b5: نَدَرَ نَادِرٌ مِنَ الجَبَلِ A prominence projected, or jutted out, from the mountain. (A.) b6: أَصَابَ المَطَرُ الحَشِيشَ فَنَدَرَ الرُّطْبُ The rain fell upon the dry herbage and the fresh herbage came forth. (A.) And نَدَرَ النَّبَاتُ The plant put forth its leaves (M, K) from its uppermost branches. (M.) And نَدَرَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ The tree produced its خُوصَة [q. v.]; (M, K;) which is the case when the camels are able to pasture upon them: (M:) or became green. (Sgh, K.) b7: نَدَرَ فِى عِلْمٍ, or فَضْلٍ, (IKtt,) and فى فَضْلِهِ, (Msb,) (tropical:) He outwent others [or became extraordinary] (IKtt, Msb) in knowledge or science, or in excellence, (IKtt,) and in his excellence. (Msb.) b8: نَدُرَ الكَلَامُ, (tropical:) inf. n. نَدَرَاةٌ, (Msb, TA,) (tropical:) The speech, or language, was extraordinary or strange, [with respect to usage or analogy or both]: (TA:) it was the contr. of chaste: (Mz, 13th نوع:) [but this explanation requires restriction; for what is extraordinary with respect to usage is the contr. of chaste; but many a word that is extraordinary with respect to analogy is more chaste than a cognate word agreeable with analogy: hence the above phrase is also explained as signifying] the speech, or language, was chaste and good. (Msb.) 4 اندرهُ, trans. of نَدَرَ, He made it to fall, or to go, or come, out, or forth, from another thing, or from other things; [&c.: see 1:] (Msb:) he made it to fall. (S, K.) You say, ضَرَبَ يَدَهُ بَالسَّيْفِ فَأَنْدَرَهَا [He struck his arm, or hand, with the sword, and made it to fall.] (S.) And انْدَرَ مِنَ الحِسَابِ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [He made such a thing to fall out, he threw it out, from the reckoning]. (S.) And أَنْدَرَ البِكَارَةَ فِى الدِّيَةِ (tropical:) He threw out, or rejected, the young camels in the mulct for homicide. (A.) [See also 6.] And أَنْدَرَ عَنْهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ كَذَا (tropical:) He took forth (أَخْرَجَ) from him, of his property, such a thing. (M, K, TA.) and أَنْدَرْتُ يَدَ فُلَانٍ عَنْ مَالِى (tropical:) I caused [the hand of] such a one to cease from freely disposing of my property. (A.) b2: اندر He said, or did, something extraordinary, or strange. (IKtt.) 6 تنادروا [They mutually threw out, or rejected, a thing from a reckoning]. A poet (namely Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhálee, TA) says, وَإِذَا الكُمَاةُ تَنَادَرُوا طَعْنَ الكُلَى

نَدْرَ البِكَارَةِ فِى الجَزَآءِ المُضْعَفِ [When the courageous men covered with arms mutually throw out from the reckoning the piercing of the kidneys, as the young camels fall out from the reckoning in the doubled compensation]: he says, that their blood is suffered to be shed unrevenged, like as the young camels are thrown out from the account in the mulct for homicide: (S, TA:) meaning, that the pierced kidneys are thrown out from the reckoning, like as the young camel is thrown out, and not reckoned, in the mulct for homicide that is doubled time after time. (IB, TA.) b2: فُلَانٌ يَتَنَادَرُ عَلَيْنَا (A, TA) (tropical:) Such a one comes to us [rarely, or] sometimes. (TA.) 10 استندرت الإِبِلُ The camels sought after the leaves that had come forth upon the uppermost branches of the plants, to eat them, and applied themselves diligently to them: (M:) [or you say,] استندرت النَّبَاتَ they sought after the plants, to eat them, and applied themselves diligently to them. (TA.) And المَالُ يَسْتَنْدِرُ الرُّطْبَ [The camels] seek after the fresh herbage leisurely, and by degrees, or repeatedly. (A.) [The original signification of استندر seems to be He desired to find a thing or things in a separate or scattered state; or to single out.] b2: استندروا أَثَرَهُ (tropical:) They tracked his footsteps. (A.) نَدْرَةٌ and ↓ نُدْرَةٌ, with fet-h and damm, are substs. from نَدَرَ, [signifiying The state of being apart from, or out of, the generality, or main body; &c.: b2: and hence, (tropical:) Extraordinariness; rareness.] (Msb.) You say, لَا يَكُونُ ذٰلِكَ إِلَّا فِى

النَّدْرَةِ, or ↓ فى النُّدْرَةِ, and ↓ الّا نَادِرًا, (Msb,) and لَا يَقَعُ ذٰلِكَ إِلَّا فِى النُّدْرَةِ, (A,) (tropical:) That will not be, (Msb,) and that will not happen, (A,) save [extraordinarily; or rarely; or once] in, or during, the space of [several] days; syn. فِيمَا بَيْنَ الأَيَّامِ. (Msb.) And إِنَّمَا يَكُونُ ذٰلِكَ فِى النَّدْرَةِ بَعْدَ النَّدْرَةِ (tropical:) That is, or will be, only once in whiles. (TA.) And لَقِيَهُ نَدْرَةً, (M, K,) and فِى النَّدْرَةِ, (S, M, K,) and ↓ فى النَّدَرَةِ, (S, TA,) and ↓ فى النُّدَيْرَةِ, (TA,) and ↓ نَدَرَى (M, K) and فى نَدَرَى, (S, K,) and النَّدَرَى, (M, K,) and فى النَّدَرَى, (S, M, K,) (tropical:) He met him [once] in, or during, the space of [several] days; syn. بَيْنَ الأَيَّامِ, (M, K,) or فِيمَا بَيْنَ الأَيَّامِ. (S.) b3: Also نَدْرَةٌ A piece of gold, (K,) and of silver, (TA,) found in the mine. (K.) See also شَذْرٌ.

نُدْرَةٌ: see نَدْرَةٌ.

نَدَرَةٌ: see نَدْرَةٌ.

نَدَرَى: see نَدْرَةٌ. b2: نَقَدَهُ مَائَةً نَدَرَى He produced [or payed] to him a hundred out of his property. (M, K.) نُدَيْرَةٌ: see نَدْرَةٌ.

نَادِرٌ [act. part. n. of نَدَرَ; Falling, or going, or coming, out, or forth, from another thing; &c.: see 1]. b2: A wild ass going, or coming, forth from the mountain. (TA.) b3: A prominence, or projecting part, of a mountain. (A, * Msb.) b4: [What remains here and there upon the ground, of rain, i. e., of rain-water: n. un. with ة: pl. of the latter, نَوَادِرُ.] You say, شَرِبَتِ الإِبِلُ مِنْ نَادِرِ, المَطَرِ and نَوَادِرِهِ, [The camels drank of what remained here and there upon the ground, of the water of the rain.] (A.) b5: (tropical:) Extraordinary; strange; rare; unusual; applied to speech or language [and to a word and any other thing: fem. and n. un. with ة: pl. of the latter as above: see نَدَرَ, and نَدُرَ]: (A:) or very extraordinary, strange, rare, or unusual, applied to speech or language; and in like manner نَادِرَةٌ [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates] applied to a word: pl. of the latter as above: (Mz, 13th نَوْع:) [see مُطَّرِدٌ:] or نَوَادِرُ الكَلَامِ signifies what deviate from the generality of words or speech or language. (S, * M, K.) You say also, فُلَانٌ نَادِرَةُ الزَّمَانِ, meaning, (tropical:) Such a one is the unequalled of the age. (K, * TA.) [and نَادِرَةٌ, used in this manner as a subst., signifies (tropical:) Any extraordinary, strange, rare, or unusual, thing, or saying: pl. as above.] See مُضْحِكَاتٌ. b6: لَا يَكُونُ ذٰلِكَ إِلَّا نَادِرًا: see نَدْرَةٌ.

أَنْدَرٌ i. q. بَيْدَرٌ [A place in which wheat or grain is trodden out]; (S, M, K;) in the dial. of the people of Syria: (S, M:) or, (M, K,) accord. to Kr, (M,) reaped wheat collected together; or wheat collected together in the place where it is trodden out: (M, K:) pl. أَنَادِرُ. (S, K.)

نشر

1 نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) He spread, spread out, or open, expanded, or unfolded, (S, TA,) a garment or piece of cloth (A, Msb, TA) or the like, (TA,) goods, &c., (S,) and a writing; (A;) contr. of طَوَى; (A, K;) as also ↓ نشّر, inf. n. تَنْشِيرٌ: (K, TA:) [or the latter is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action, or its application to many objects, as is shown by an explanation of its act. part. n., which see below. Hence لَفٌّ وَنَشْرٌ: see art. لف.] b2: [He spread out, or, as we say, pricked up, his ears: and hence the saying,] نَشَرَ لِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ أُذُنَيْهِ, lit., He spread out his ears at that thing: meaning, (tropical:) he was covetous of that thing, or eager for it. (Har. p. 206.) [See نَاشِرٌ, below.] b3: نَشَرَ الخَبَرَ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ and نَشِرَ, (S, K,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He spread, or published, the news. (S, A, K.) b4: Also نَشَرَ, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ; (Msb, K;) [and ↓ نشّر, or this is with teshdeed for the purpose mentioned above;] He scattered, or dispersed, (Msb, K, TA,) [people, &c.; or] sheep or goats, (Msb, TA,) and camels, (TA,) after confining them in the nightly resting-place. (Msb.) b5: He sprinkled water. (A.) b6: نَشَرَتِ الرِّيحُ The wind blew in a misty or cloudy day [so as to disperse the mist or clouds]. (IAar, K.) b7: نَشَرَ عَنْهُ, (A, K,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ; (A;) and عَنْهُ ↓ نشّر, (A, L, TA,) inf. n. تَنْشِيرٌ; (S, A, L, TA;) and in like manner ↓ نشّرهُ; (S, TA;) (tropical:) He charmed away from him sickness, (S, * A, L, K, *) and diabolical possession, or madness, (L, K,) by a نُشْرَة, i. e., a charm, or an amulet; (S, A, L, K;) as though he dispersed it from him: (A:) and in like manner ↓ نشّرهُ he wrote for him a نُشْرَة. (S.) El-Kilábee says, فَإِذَا نُشِرَ المَسْفُوعُ كَانَ كَأَنَّمَا أُنْشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ (tropical:) [And when he who is smitten by the evil eye is charmed by a نُشْرَة, he is as though he were loosed from a bond]: i. e., it [the effect of the eye] departs from him speedily. (S [in two copies of which I find نُشِرَ, as above; but in the TA, ↓ نُشِّرَ.]) And in a trad. it is said, بِقُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ النَّاسِ ↓ نَشَّرَهُ (tropical:) He charmed away the effect of enchantment from him [by the words “ Say I seek refuge in the Lord of men: ” the commencement of the last chap. of the Kur-án]. (S.) A2: نَشَرَ, (El-Hasan, Zj, A, K.) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ and نُشُورٌ; (K, TA;) or ↓ أَنْشَرَ; (I'Ab, Fr, S, A, Mgh, Msb;) or both; (A, K;) (tropical:) He (God, S, A, &c.) raised the dead to life; quickened them; revivified, or revived, them. (Zj, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) I'Ab reads [in the Kur, ii. 261,] كَيْفَ نُنْشِرُهَا [How we will raise them to life], and adduces in his favour the words [in the Kur. lxxx. 22,] ↓ ثُمَّ إِذَا شَآءَ أَنْشَرَهُ (tropical:) [Then, when He pleaseth, He raiseth him to life]: El-Hasan reads نَنْشُرُهَا: [and others read نُنْشِزُهَا, with záy:] but Fr says, that El-Hasan holds it to refer to unfolding and folding, and that the proper way is to use انشر [in this sense,] transitively, and نَشَرَ intransitively. (S, TA.) [See also طَوَىَ, which has the contr. meaning.]

b2: Hence, الرَّضَاعُ العَظْمَ ↓ أَنْشَرَ: i. q. أَنْشَزَ, with záy: (Msb:) or (tropical:) The sucking strengthened the bone. (Mgh.) A3: نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نُشُورٌ (S, A, Msb, TA) and نَشْرٌ, (Msb,) agreeably with what Fr says, (S,) signifies (tropical:) He (a dead person) lived after death; came to life again; revived; (S, TA;) or lived; came to life; (A, Msb;) as also ↓ انتشر. (A.) Hence يَوْمُ النُّشُورِ (tropical:) The day of resurrection. (S.) b2: نَشَرَ, (TA,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K, TA,) (tropical:) It (herbage, or pasturage,) became green in consequence of rain in the end of summer after it had dried up. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) It (a plant) began to grow forth in the ground. (K, * TA.) You say, مَا أَحْسَــنَ نَشْرَهَا (tropical:) How good is its first growth! (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) It (a tree) put forth its leaves. (K.) b5: (assumed tropical:) It (foliage) spread. (K.) b6: نَشَرَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. نُشُورٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The land being rained upon in the end of summer, its herbage, or pasturage, became green after it had dried up: (S, TA:) or the land, being watered by the rain called الرَّبِيع, put forth its herbage. (A, K.) See نَشْرٌ.

A4: نَشَرَ, (S, A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. نَشْرٌ, (K,) (tropical:) [He sawed wood;] he cut (قَطَعَ, S, or نَحَتَ, K) wood, (S, A, Msb, K,) with a مِنْشَار. (S, A, Msb.) 2 نَشَّرَ see 1, in five places, throughout the former half of the paragraph.3 ناشرهُ الثِّيَابَ [He spread, or unfolded, with him the garments or pieces of cloth]. (A.) 4 أَنْشَرَ see 1, after the middle of the paragraph.5 تَنَشَّرَ see 8, in two places.6 تناشروا الثِّيَابَ [They spread, or unfolded, one with another, the garments, or pieces of cloth]. (A.) 8 انتشر [quasi-pass. of 1,] It spread, expanded, or unfolded; it became spread, expanded, or unfolded; as also ↓ تنشّر: (K:) [or the latter, being quasi-pass. of 2, denotes muchness, &c.] b2: انتشرت النَّخْلَةُ The branches of the palm-tree spread forth. (K.) [And انتشرت الأَغْصَانُ The branches spread forth: and the branches straggled.] b3: انتشر الخَبَرُ (tropical:) The news spread, or became published, (S, A, K,) فِى النَّاسِ among the people. (A.) b4: And انتشرت الرَّائِحَةُ (assumed tropical:) [The odour spread, or diffused itself.] (K in art. فوح; &c.) b5: انتشر النَّهَارُ (assumed tropical:) The day became long and extended: (K:) and so one says of other things. (TA.) b6: انتشر العَصَبُ (assumed tropical:) The sinews, or tendons, became inflated, or swollen, (K,) by reason of fatigue: (TA:) إِنْتِشَارٌ is a state of inflation, or swelling, in the sinews, or tendons, of a beast, occasioned by fatigue: (S:) AO says, that the sinew, or tendon, which becomes inflated, or swollen, is the عُجَايَة, (S, * TA,) and that what is termed تَحَرُّكُ الشَّظَى is similar to this affection, excepting in its not being so well endured by the horse: by another, or others, it is said, that انتشار of the sinews, or tendons, of a beast, in his fore leg, is a breaking, and consequent displacement, of those sinews. (TA.) b7: انتشر ذَكَرْهُ (assumed tropical:) His penis became erect. (TA.) [And hence,] انتشر الرَّجُلُ (tropical:) The man became excited by lust. (S, K.) b8: انتشر المَآءُ [In my copy of the A, استنشر, but this I regard as a mistranscription,] The water became sprinkled; as also ↓ تنشّر: (A:) [or the latter signifies it became much sprinkled.] b9: انتشروا فى الأَرْضِ They became scattered, or dispersed, or they scattered, or dispersed, themselves, in the land, or earth. (A.) b10: انتشرت الغَنَمَ, (Msb, TA,) and الإِبِلُ, (K, TA,) The sheep or goats [and the camels] became scattered, or dispersed, after having been confined in their nightly resting-place: (Msb:) or the sheep or goats (TA) and the camels (K, TA) became scattered, or dispersed, through negligence of their pastor. (K, TA.) b11: انتشر الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) The state of things, or affairs, became dissolved, broken up, decomposed, disorganized, or unsettled; syn. تَشَّتَتَ. (TA, art. شت.) A2: See also 1, latter part of the paragraph. b2: انتشر also signifies He put himself in motion, and went on a journey. (TA, in art. بسر.) b3: انتشر الذِّئبُ فِى الغَنَمِ The wolf made an incursion among the sheep or goats. (TA in art. شع.) 10 استنشرهُ He demanded, or desired, of him that he should unfold (أَنْ يَنْشُرَ) to him (عَلَيْهِ) [a thing]. (A.) نَشْرٌ used in the sense of an act. part. n.: see ناشِرٌ. b2: And in the sense of a pass. or quasi-pass. part. n.: see نَشَرٌ. b3: A sweet odour: (S, A, K:) [because it spreads:] or odour in a more general sense; (A, K;) i. e., absolutely, whether sweet or stinking: (A'Obeyd:) or the odour of a woman's mouth, (ADk, A, K,) and of her nose, (ADk, TA,) and of her arm-pits (أَعْطَاف), after sleep. (ADk, A, K.) A2: (tropical:) Herbage, or pasturage, which has dried up and then become green in consequence of rain in the end of summer or spring (see below, and see سِمَاكٌ): (S, K:) it is bad for the pasturing animals when it first appears, and men flee from it with their camels &c.; (S, TA;) which it affects with the [disease called] سُهَام when they pasture upon it at its first appearance: [see remarks on a verse cited in art. بيض, voce بَاضَ: and see another verse in art. جرب, voce أَجْرَبُ:] AHn says, that it does not injure animals with the solid hoof; or if it do so, they leave it until it dries, and then its evil quality departs from it: it consists of leguminous plants and of [the herbage termed]

عُشْب; or, as some say, of the latter only: (TA:) [an ex. of the word is cited in art. جرب, voce أَجَرْبُ:] or herbage, or pasturage, of which the upper part dries up and the lower part is moist and green: (Lth:) or herbage produced by the rain called الرَّبِيع: (A:) and what has come forth, of plants, or herbage. (TA.) A3: Life. (K.) نَشَرٌ is of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (Msb, TA,) syn. with مَنْشُورٌ, like as قَبَضٌ is with مَقْبُوضٌ, (Mgh,) and syn. with مُنْتَشِرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) [therefore signifying Spread, expanded, or unfolded: scattered, or dispersed, &c.: and spreading, or being spread, &c.: being scattered, &c.:] and a thing that one has spread, expanded, or unfolded: &c. (O, voce سَبَلٌ, q. v.) b2: You say اِكْتَسَى البَازِى رِيشًا نَشَرًا The hawk, or falcon, became clad in spreading and long feathers. (S, TA.) b3: And hence نَشَرٌ is applied to People in a scattered, or dispersed, state, not collected under one head, or chief; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ نَشْرٌ: (K:) and to sheep or goats in a scattered, or dispersed, state, after having been confined in their nightly resting-place: (Msb:) or sheep or goats, and camels, in a scattered, or dispersed, state, through the negligence of their pastor. (TA.) You say, رَأَيْتُ القَوْمَ نَشَرًا I saw the people in a scattered, or dispersed, state. (S.) And جَآءَ القَوْمُ نَشَرًا The people came in a scattered, or dispersed, state. (TA.) b4: Hence also, نَشَرُ المَآء What is sprinkled, of water, (Mgh, TA,) in the performance of the ablution termed الوُضُوْء. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَتَمْلِكُ نَشَرَ المَآءِ [Dost thou possess what is sprinkled of water?] (S;) or مَنْ يَمْلِكُ نَشَرَ المَآءِ [Who possesseth what is sprinkled of water?] (Mgh;) [app. meaning, that it is gone and cannot be recovered.] b5: and hence, أَللّٰهُمَّ اضْمُمْ نَشَرِى (assumed tropical:) O God, compose what is discomposed, or disorganized, of my affairs: (K, * TA:) a phrase like لُمَّ شَعَثِى. (TA.) 'Áïsheh says, in a trad., describing her father, فَرَدَّ نَشَرَ الإِسْلَامِ عَلَى غَرِّهِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) And he restored what was discomposed, or disorganized, [lit., what was unfolded,] of El-Islám, to its state in which it was in the time of the Apostle of God, [lit. to its fold, or plait;] alluding to cases of apostacy, and her father's sufficiency to treat them. (TA.) A2: See also نَاشِرٌ.

نُشْرَةٌ (tropical:) A charm, or an a mulet, (رُقْيَةُ, S, L, K,) by which a sick person, and one possessed, or mad, is cured; (A, * L, K;) by which the malady is [as it were] dispersed from him. (L.) Mohammad, being asked respecting that which is thus termed, answered, that it is of the work of the devil: and El-Hasan asserted it to be a kind of enchantment. (TA.) نَشُورٌ: see نَاشِرٌ.

نُشَارَةٌ (tropical:) [Saw-dust;] what falls from the مِنْشَار [or saw]; (S;) what falls in نَشْر [or sawing]. (K.) نَاشِرٌ act. part. n. of نَشَرَ. b2: كَانَ يُكَبِّرُ نَاشِرَ الأَصَابِعِ He (Mohammad) used to say أَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ spreading, or unfolding, his fingers: said to mean not making his hand a clenched fist. (Mgh.) b3: جَآءَ نَاشِرًا أُذُنَيْهِ [He came spreading, or, as we say, pricking up, his ears: meaning,] (tropical:) he came in a state of covetousness, or eagerness. (IAar, L.) [In a copy of the A, طَائِعًا is erroneously put for طَامِعًا.]

b4: وَالنَّاشِرَاتِ نَشْرًا, in the Kur., [lxxvii. 3,] signifies And the angels, (TA,) or the winds, (Jel,) that do scatter the rain: (Jel, TA:) or the winds that do bring rain. (TA.) And ↓ رِيحٌ نَشُورٌ, of which the pl. is رِيَاحٌ نُشُرٌ, signifies Wind that spreads [the clouds], or scatters [the rain]; (S; and Bd, vii. 55;) نَشُورٌ being syn. with نَاشِرٌ: (Bd:) or it signifies in a scattered state. (Jel, vii. 55.) [In the Kur, ubi supra,] يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ نُشُرًا بَيْنَ يَدَىْ رَحْمَتِهِ, and نُشْرًا, and ↓ نَشْرًا, and ↓ نَشَرًا, [Sendeth the winds, &c.,] (K, * TA,) all these being various readings, (TA,) نُشُرًا is pl. of نَشُورٌ, (Bd, K,) in the sense of نَاشِرٌ; (Bd;) or the meaning is, in a state of dispersion before the rain; (Jel;) and نُشْرًا is a contraction; (Bd, K;) and the third reading means (tropical:) quickening, or making to live, by spreading the clouds wherein is the rain, (K,) which is the life of everything, (TA,) ↓ نَشْرًا being an inf. n. used as a denotative of state, in the sense of نَاشِرَاتٍ, or as an absolute objective complement [of يرسل], for إِرْسَالٌ and نَشْرٌ are nearly alike; (Bd;) and the fourth is extr., (IJ, K,) and is said to mean ↓ مُنْشِرَةً نَشَرًا [which is virtually the same as the third]: [Zj, K:) another reading is بُشُرًا, pl. of بَشِيرَةٌ, (TA,) or of بَشُورٌ; (TA, in art. بشر;) or نُشْرًا, (Bd, Jel,) a contraction of بُشُرًا, (Bd,) pl. of بَشِيرٌ. (Bd, Jel.) A2: أَرْضٌ نَاشِرَةٌ (tropical:) Land having herbage, or pasturage, which has dried up and then become green in consequence of rain in the end of summer: (S:) or having herbage produced by the rain called الرَّبِيع. (A.) See نَشْرٌ.

المَنْشَرُ (tropical:) The place of resurrection. (TA.) صُحُفٌ مُنَشَّرَةٌ [Scattered, or much scattered, writings or the like] is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action, or its application to many objects. (S, TA.) مِنْشَارٌ (tropical:) [A saw;] a certain instrument for cutting wood. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [but less commonly], A wooden implement with prongs, [lit., fingers,] with which wheat and the like are winnowed. (K.) مَنْشُورٌ What is not sealed, [here meaning not closed with a seal,] of the writings of the Sultán [or of a viceroy]; (K;) i. e., what is now commonly known by the name of فَرْمَان: pl. مَنَاشِيرُ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose state of affairs is disorganised, or disordered. (K.)

نصر

1 نَصَرَهُ, (M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (M, A, K) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this is a simple subst., (S, Msb,) and نُصُورٌ, (K,) [but see the verse of Khidásh in what follows,] He aided or assisted him, (M, K,) namely, a person wronged, misused, or treated unjustly or injuriously, (M. A, K,) against his enemy: (TA:) [he avenged him: (see the verse here following, and see 8:) he supplied his want, or somewhat thereof (TA.) Kidásh Ibn-Zuheyr says.

فَإِنْ كُنْتَ تَشْكُو مِنْ خَلِيلٍ مَخَانَةً

فتِلْكَ الجَوَازِى عَقْبُهَا وَنُصُورُهَا [And if thou complain of treachery from a friend. those requitals are its result and its avengers, or avengement]: here نُصُور may be a pl. of نَاصِرٌ.

like شُهُودٌ is of شَاهِدٌ; or it may be an inf. n., like دُخُولٌ and خُرُوجٌ. (M.) You say, تَصَرَهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ, (S, A, Msb,) and مِنْ عَدُوِّهِ, (A, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ (S, A, Msb) and نُصْرَةٌ, (A,) or this, as remarked above, is a simple subst., (S, Msb.) He (namely, God. S, A, or a man, Msb,) aided or assisted him, and strengthened him, against his enemy: (Msb:) [he avenged him of his enemy. (See 8.)] and نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ God made him to be victorious, to conquer, or to overcome: so in the Kur, xxii. 15, where the pronoun relates to Mohammad. (TA.) In the Kur, xlvii. 8. إِنْ تَنْصُرُوا اللّٰهَ يَنْصُرْكُمْ means, If ye aid God's religion and his apostle, He will aid you against your enemy: (Bd, Jel) or if ye aid his servants, &c.: or if ye keep his ordinances and aid his orders and comply with his commands and shun the things which He hath forbidden, &c. (El-Basáïr.) And the trad.

أُنْصُرْ أَخَاكَ ظَالِمَّا أَوْ مَظْلُومًا is explained as meaning, Prevent thou thy brother from wronging when he is a wronger, and aid him against his wronger when he is wronged. (TA.) Also, نَصَرَهُ مِنْهُ, (K,) inf. n. نَصْرٌ and نُصْرَةٌ, (TA,) [or the latter in this sense, as in the cases above mentioned, is a simple subst.,] He served or Preserved him from him or it. (K.) b2: نَصَرَاللّٰهُ الأَرْضَ God gave rain to the earth or land. (A.) And نَصَرَ الغَيْثُ الأَرْضَ (S, M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (M,) (tropical:) The rain aided the earth or land: (S:) or watered it: (M:) or watered it generally and copiously, (K, TA,) and caused it to produce herbage: (TA:) and نَصَرَ البَلَدَ (tropical:) it assisted the country to produce abundance of herbage: (TA:) and نُصِرَتِ الأَرْضْ (tropical:) the earth or land was watered by rain. (S.) b3: Hence, نَصَرَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَصْرٌ, (tropical:) He gave to him. (M.) An Arab of the desert [in the A a beggar] accosted a people saying, أُنْصُرُونِى نَصَرَكُمُ اللّٰهُ, meaning, (tropical:) Give ye to me: may God give to you. (M, A.) b4: نَصَرَهُ اللّٰهُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) God bestowed upon him the means of subsistence, or the like; syn. رَزَقَهُ. (IKtt.) 2 نصّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْصِيرٌ, K,) He made him a Christian. (S, M, K.) It is said in a trad., [relating to the natural disposition of a child to adopt the true faith,] فَأَبَوَاهُ يُهَوِّدَانِهِ وَيُنَصِّرَانِهِ [But his two parents make him a Jew or make him a Christian]. (S.) 3 نَاْصَرَ [ناصرهُ He rendered reciprocal aid to him. See an ex. voce عَاصَرَ.]5 تنصّر He laboured, or strove, to aid, or assist; syn. عَالَجَ النَّصْرَ: (M, K:) not of the same category as تَحَلَّمَ [he endeavoured to acquire حِلْم] and تبرّر [he endeavoured to characterize himself by بِرّ]. (M.) A2: He became a Christian. (M, K.) 6 تناصروا They aided or assisted one another: (S, Msb, TA:) they assisted one another to aid. (M, A, K, TA.) b2: تناصرت الأَخْبَارُ (tropical:) The accounts, or tidings, confirmed, or verified, one another. (M, K, TA.) 8 انتصر He defended himself: (Bd, Jel, lv. 35:) he defended himself against his wronger, or injurer. (TA.) b2: انتصر مِنْهُ He exacted, or obtained, his right, or due, completely, from him, so that each of them became on a par with the other: (Az, TA:) he revenged himself upon him. (Az, S, M, * Msb, K.) 10 استنصر He asked, sought, or desired, aid, or assistance. (M, K.) And استنصره He asked him to aid him, (S, Msb, K,) عَلَيْهِ against him, (S, K,) i. e. against his enemy. (S, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He begged; (K;) as though he asked for a gift, which is termed نَصْر. (TA.) نَصْرٌ [used a subst.,] Aid or assistance, rendered to another, especially against an enemy: [avengement or another:] victory or conquest: (Bd, xxix. 9:) and ↓ نُصْرَةٌ is a subst. from نَصَرَهُ [and therefore signifies the same]: (S, Msb:) or the ↓ latter signifies good aid, or assistance: (M, K:) and this ↓ same word, when the object is God, signifies aid of God's servants; &c.; as explained above: see 1. (El-Basáïr.) b2: Spoil; plunder; booty. (Bd, ubi supra.) b3: (tropical:) Rain; (A, TA;) as also ↓ نُصْرَةٌ: (TA:) in like manner as it is called فَتْح: (A, TA:) or the ↓ latter signifies a complete rain. (IAar.) b4: [Hence,] (tropical:) A gift: (S, TA:) and نَصَائِرُ gifts. (M.) b5: See also نَاصِرٌ.

نُصَرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ.

نُصْرَةٌ: see نَصْرٌ, in five places.

نَصْرِىٌّ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصْرَانِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ نَصْرَانٌ, (M, A,) or this latter has not been used without the addition of the relative ى, (S,) or it has been sometimes used, (M,) and ↓ نَصْرِىٌّ, (M, Msb, K,) but we have not heard this used, (M,) [A Christian: or this is a secondary application, and the original meaning is a Nazarene:] fem. نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S, A, K,) or the latter is used only by poetic licence: (IB:) ↓ نَصَارَى [applied to the Christians] is a rel. n. from نَاصِرَةُ, [or Nazareth,] a town of Syria, (S, M, K,) also called نَصْرَانَةُ, (Lth, IDrd, K,) or نَصْرَانُ, (S, Msb,) and نَصُورِيَةٌ, (M, Sgh, K,) without teshdeed, accord. to Sgh, (TA,) and نُصْرِىٌّ and نُصْرَى, (as in a copy of the M,) or نَصْرَى and نَصْرَوَةُ: (TA:) so originally, and then applied to such as hold the religion of its inhabitants: (Msb:) this is the opinion of the lexicologists; but it is of weak authority, though admissible as there are other anomalous rel. ns.: (M:) or [so in K, but in the S, and] نَصَارَى is pl. of نَصْرِىٌّ, (Kh, M, Msb, K,) like as مَهَارَى is pl. of مَهْرِىٌّ; (Msb, K;) or of نَصْرَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَصْرَانَةٌ, (S,) like as نَدَامَى is pl. of نَدْمَانٌ (Kh, S, M) and نَدْمَانَةٌ; (S;) but more probably of نَصْرَانٌ, because this word has been sometimes used, whereas we have not heard نَصْرِىٌّ used: (M:) and it is implied in the copies of the K, that أَنْصَارٌ is pl. of نَصْرَانِىٌّ; but correctly, it is a pl. of نَصْرَانٌ, without ى, as is said in the TS, and the L, in both of which is mentioned the saying of the poet, لَمَّا رَأَيْتُ نَبَطًا أَنْصَارَا [When I saw Nabatheans, Christians], meaning نَصَارَى. (TA.) النَّصْرَانِيَّةُ The religion of the نَصَارَى [or Christians]. (K, TA.) نَصُورٌ One who aids, or assists, much or well. (TA in art. عقرب.) نَصِيرٌ: see نَاصِرٌ. It has the signification of the measure فَاعِلٌ or of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; for أَخَوَانِ نَصِيرَانِ, occurring in a trad., means Two brothers, aiders of, and aided by, each other. (TA.) نَصَارَى: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ.

نَصَائِرُ: see نَصْرٌ.

نَاصِرٌ act. part. n. of نَصَرَ, An aider or assister, especially against an enemy; &c.; as also ↓ نَصِيرٌ, (S, * M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ نَصَرٌ: (Sgh, K:) pl. (of نَصِيرٌ, (S, M, Msb, and of نَاصِرٌ, M,) أَنْصَارٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and (of نَاصِرٌ, M) نُصَّارٌ, (M, K,) and نُصُورٌ may also be a pl. of the same, as occurring in the verse of Khidásh, cited above: (M:) and أَنَاصِيرُ is a pl. pl., being pl. of أَنْصَارٌ: (TA:) and ↓ نَصْرٌ is used as sing. and pl., (M, K,) being an inf. n. employed as an epithet, like عَدْلٌ. (M.) b2: الأَنْصَارُ also signifies The Assistants of the Prophet; (M, K;) of [the tribes of] El-Ows and El-Khazraj; (TA;) being an epithet applied to them especially, (M, K,) and used as a subst., as though it were the name of a tribe, wherefore the rel. n. أَنْصَارِىٌّ [which is used as sing.] is formed from it. (M.) نَاصُورٌ: see نَاسُورٌ.

أَنْصَارٌ: see نَصْرَانِىٌّ: b2: and ناصِرٌ.

أَنْصَارِىٌّ: see نَاصِرٌ.

مَنْصُورٌ [Aided or assisted, especially against an enemy, &c.]. b2: أَرْضٌ مَنْصُورَةٌ (tropical:) Land watered by rain; rained upon. (S, A.) مُسْتَنْصِرٌ [Asking, seeking, or desiring, aid, or assistance]. b2: (tropical:) A beggar. (M.)

نفر

1 نَفَرَ, (T, M, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (T, M, K,) and نَفُرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ and نَفَرَانٌ (M, K) or نُفُورٌ, (Msb,) said of a wild animal, (T, Msb,) a gazelle, (M, K,) or other beast, (M,) He took fright, and fled, or ran away at random; or became refractory, and went away at random; or ran away, or broke loose, and went hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; syn. شَرَدَ; (M, K;) as also ↓ استنفر; (T, Msb, K;) and so the former verb in speaking of a camel, or a beast: (L, art. شرد:) you say, نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and نَفْرٌ: (A:) or this signifies the beast was, or became, impatient (A, K, TA) of or at a thing, (TA,) [or shied at it,] and retired to a distance; (A, K, TA;) and ↓ إِسْتِنْفَارٌ signifies the same as نُفُورٌ: (S:) or نَفَرَ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], signifies he fled, and went away or aside or apart or to a distance. (M.) b2: [Hence, نَفَرَ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ and نَفْرٌ and نَفِيرٌ, as used in the following phrases.] نَفَرْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) I shrank from this thing or affair; was averse from it; did not like or approve it. And نَفَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [Such a one shrank, or was averse, from the companionship of, or the associating with, such a one]. And نَفَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [The woman was averse from her husband; or shunned or avoided him]. (All from the A.) And you say of a man's disposition, عَنِ الحَقِّ ↓ تَنَفَّرَ (tropical:) [It shunned, or was averse from, the truth] (Bd, lxvii. 21.) b3: إِلَّا نُفُورًا, in the Kur, [xvii. 43, and xxxv. 40,] means (tropical:) Save in aversion and نَفِيرٌ is like نُفُورٌ: and the subst. is نَفَرٌ, with two fet-hahs. (Msb) b4: نَفَرَ الشَّىْءُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], The thing receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof, from the thing. (A'Obeyd, T, S.) [See also 3.] b5: Hence it is, I think, that نَفَرَ is used as signifying (tropical:) It became swollen, in the following words of a trad. of 'Omar: تَخَلَّلَ رَجُلٌ فِى زَمَانِهِ بِالقَصَبِ فَنَفَرَ فُوهُ (tropical:) A man, in his time, picked his teeth with reeds, and in consequence his mouth became swollen: as though the flesh, disliking the disease, receded from it, and so became swollen. (A'Obeyd, T, S. *) You say also, نَفَرَتِ العَيْنُ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ. (tropical:) His eye became inflamed and swollen: and so you say of other parts of the person. (M, K. *) And نَفَرَ الجُرْحُ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) The wound became swollen: (T, Msb:) or it became so after healing. (W, i. 42.) And نَفَرَ الجِلْدُ (tropical:) The skin became swollen, (S, A,) and the flesh receded from it. (A.) [All these significations seem to be derived from the first in this art.: and so several others which follow.] b6: نَفَرْتُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ, I betook myself to God by reason of fear, seeking protection. (IKtt) b7: نَفَرُوا, (Msb,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ, (M, Msb, K,) They became separated, or dispersed: (M, * Msb, K: *) and so نَفَرتْ, said of camels. (TA.) Hence, (M,) the saying, لَقِيتُهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ صَيْحٍ وَنَفْرٍ, (S, M, A.) a proverb, in which the last word is used tropically; (A;) explained in art. صيح, q. v. (S.) [And غَضِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَيْحٍ وَلَا نَفٍرْ; explained in the same art.] b8: نَفَرَ الحَاجُّ مِنْ مِنًى, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ (M, Msb, K) and نَفَرٌ (M) and نُفُورٌ (K) [and نَفِيرٌ], The pilgrims removed from Minè. (Msb.) Hence, يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ, and النَّفَرِ, and النَّفُورِ, and النَّفِيرِ, (S, M, K,) and لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ, (S, TA,) and النَّفَرِ, (TA,) [The day of, and the night immediately preceding, the removing from Minè]; after the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ: (S;) [therefore. the twelfth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] or there are two days thus called: (Msb:) يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلُ is [the day above mentioned,] the second of the days called أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ; (IAth, Msb;) and يَوْمُ النَّفْر الاّخِرُ, (IAth,) or الثَّانِى, (Msb,) is the third thereof: (IAth, Msb:) the order is this; يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ, then يَوْمُ القَرِّ, then يَوْمُ النَّفْر الأَوَّلُ then يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الآخِرُ. (T, L) b9: نَفَرُوا فِى الأَمْرِ, (S, M.) or لِلْأَمْرِ, (K,) aor. ـِ (M, K.) inf. n. نُفُورٌ (S, M, K) and نِفارٌ (M, K) and نَفِيرٌ; (Zj, M, K;) and ↓ تنافروا; (M, K;) They went, or went away, to execute the affair: (M, K:) and in like manner, فِى القِتَالِ to fight. (M.) And نَقَرُوا, alone, They went forth to war against unbelievers or the like. So in the Kur, is 82. وَقَالوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فى الحرِّ قُلْ نَارٌ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدٌ حَرَّا [And they said, Go not ye forth to war against the unbelievers in the heat: say, The fire of hell is hotter]: and so in the same chap. v. 39: (Jel:) and in the same book, iv. 73. (Bd.) You say also, نَفَرُوا لَهُمْ They went forth to fight them. (TA, from a trad.) And تَفَرُوا إِلى الحَرْب They hastened to the war, or to war. (Msb.) b10: [Hence,] نَفَوُا مَعَهُ; and ↓ أَنْفَرُوهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. إِنْفَارٌ; (TA;) They aided and succoured them: (M, K:) or the former verb, alone, they, being asked to do so, complied, and went forth to aid. (TA.) b11: نَفرَبِنَا: see 2.2 نَفّر, (T, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. تَنْفيرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ انفر; (T, K;) and ↓ اشتنفر; (T, M, A, Msb;) He made (wild animals, T. Msb, or an antelope. K, or a beast of carriage. M,) to take fright, and flee, or run away at random: (K, TA:) or he made a beast of carriage to become impatient, and to retire to a distance: (A:) or he scared away; or made to flee, and go away, or aside, or apart, or to a distance: (so accord. to an explanation of the intrans. v. from which it is derived, in the M:) you say نَفَّرْتُهُ and ↓ اِسْتَنْفَرْتُهُ and ↓ أَنْفَرُتُهُ: and in like manner, نَفَّرَ عَنْهُ, and أَنْفَرَ عَنْهُ, [meaning, he scared away, or made to take fright and flee, &c., from him or it:] (TA:) الإِنْفَارُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, and التَّنْفِيرُ عَنْهُ, and الاِسْتِنْفَارُ, all signify the same, [i. e., the scaring away, &c. from a thing.] (S.) It is said in a trad. of Zeyneb, the daughter of Mohammad, فَأَنْفَرَ بِهَا المُشْرِكُونَ بَعِيرَهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ and the polytheists made her camel to take fright and run away at random with her, so that she fell. And in like manner you say, أُنْفِرَبِنَا, and نُفِرَبِنَا, [or نُفَّرَبِنَا Our camels were scared away with us; or made to take fright and run away at random with us: or] we were made to be persons having camels taking fright and running away at random. And تَنْفِيرٌ signifies The chiding camels or sheep or goats, and driving them from the pasturage. (TA.) b2: [Hence] بَشِّروا وَلا تُنَفِّرُوا (assumed tropical:) [Rejoice people by what ye say. and] do not encounter them with [roughness and violence and] that which will incite them to نُفُور [i. e. flight or aversion]. (TA.) See the act. part. n., below. b3: [Hence also,] نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَسنْفِيرٌ. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) Give thou to him a لَقَب [meaning a nickname or name of reproach], (S,) or a لَقب that is disliked: (K:) as though they held such to be تَسْفِيرٌ لِلْجِنِّ وَالعَيْنِ عَنْهُ [a means of scaring away the jinn, or genii, and the evil eye, from him]. (S, K.) An Arab of the desert said, When I was born, it was said to my father, نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ: so he named me قُنْفُد [hedge-hog], and surnamed me أَبو العَدّآءِ [father of the quick runner]. (S.) 3 نَاْفَرَ [نَافَرَا, inf. n. مُنَافَرَةٌ, (tropical:) They shunned or avoided each other; regarded each other with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, (tropical:) They (two things) were incongruous, or discordant, each with the other. But perhaps this signification, also, is only post-classical. See also 6.]4 أَنْفَرَ see 2, in several places. b2: أَنْفَرُوا Their camels took fright and ran away at random, (نَفَرَت, K, TA,) and became separated or dispersed. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last signification.5 تنفّر عَنِ الحَقِّ: see 1.6 تَنَاْفَرَ [تنافروا (tropical:) They shunned or avoided one another; regarded one another with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, تنافرت الأَشْيَآءُ (tropical:) The things were incongruous, or discordant, one with another. But perhaps this signification, also, is only postclassical. See also 3.] b3: تنافروا فِى الأَمْرِ, or لِلْأَمْرِ: see 1, towards the end. See also تَنَافَرَا in the K: and compare 6 in arts. نفد and نفذ.10 إِسْتَنْفَرَهُمْ He (the Imám) incited, and summoned or invited them to go forth, لِجِهَادِ العَدُوِّ to war against the enemy: (T, Mgh:) or imposed upon them the task of going forth to war, light and heavy: [see Kur, ix. 41:] (A:) or he demanded, sought, or desired, of them aid. (M, * K, TA.) b2: See also 2. in three places. b3: And see 1, in two places, near the beginning.

نَفْرٌ: see نَافِرٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl.: b2: and نَفِيرٌ: b3: and نَفَرٌ.

نِفْرٌ an imitative sequent to عِفْرٌ, (T, M, K,) and so is ↓ نَفِرٌ to عَفِرٌ, (Sgh, K, but omitted in some copies of the K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيَةٌ to عِفْرِيَةٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتٌ to عِفْرِيتٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ نُفَارِيَةٌ to عُفَارِيَهٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتَةٌ to عِفرِيتَةٌ; (K;) denoting corroboration. (S.) نَفَرٌ A number of men, from three to ten; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ نَفْرٌ and ↓ نَفْرَةٌ and ↓ نَفِيرٌ: (S:) or to seven: (so in a copy of the Msb, [but probably سبعة is a mistake for تسعة nine: this appears likely from what here follows:]) or a number of men less then ten; (Az, T, M, K;) as also ↓ نَفِيرٌ; (K;) and so رَهْطٌ; (Az, T;) and some add, excluding women: (TA:) accord. to Fr, (S,) a man's people or tribe consisting of his nearer relations; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ; syn. رَهْطٌ, (S, IAth,) and عَشِيرَةٌ: (IAth:) [see also نَفْرَةٌ:] accord. to Kr, (M,) all the men or people: (M, K:) accord. to Lth, you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ, i. e. these are ten men: but one does not say, عِشْرُونَ نَفَرًا, nor more than عَشَرَة: and Abu-l- 'Abbás says, that نَفَرٌ, like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ, has a pl. signification, without any proper sing.; and is applied to men, exclusively of women: (T:) it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and its pl. is أَنْفَارٌ; (M, K;) occurring in a trad., in the phrase أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْفَارِنَا, which IAth explains as meaning any one of our people; syn. قَوْمِنَا: (TA:) and ↓ نَفِيرٌ, occurring, in the accus. case, in the Kur, xvii. 6, is, accord. to Zj, a pl. [or rather quasipl. n.] of نَفَرٌ, like عَبِيدٌ and كَلِيبٌ. (M.) [See also نَفِيرٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, describing a man as an excellent archer, فَهْوَ لَا تَنْمِى رَمِيَّتُهُ مَا لَهُ لَا عُدَّ مِنْ نَفَرِهْ (S,) And he is such that the animal shot by him does not go away after it has been shot and then die. What aileth him? May he be killed, so as not to be numbered among his people. The latter hemistich is a proverb. (Meyd.) The poet here utters an imprecation against the man, but in so doing praises him; as when you say, of a man whose action pleases you, مَا لَهُ قَاتَلَهُ اللّٰهُ and أَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ [q. v.]. (S.) The rel. n. is ↓ نَفَرِىٌّ. (Sb, M.) A2: [Accord. to the Msb, it is also a simple subst. from نَفَرَ: and app. as signifying especially Aversion.]

نَفِرٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَفْرَةٌ: see نَفِيرٌ. b2: A man's near kinsmen; syn. أُسْرَةٌ (T, K) and فَصِيلَةٌ; (K;) who are angry on account of his anger; (K;) as also ↓ نُفْرَةٌ, mentioned by Sgh and others, (TA,) and ↓ نُفُورةٌ (T. K) and ↓ نَافِرَةٌ (A, * K) and ↓ نَفَرٌ: (T:) and نُفُورَةٌ signifies a man's near kinsmen (أُسْرَة) who go forth with him to war when an event befalls him or oppresses him severely or suddenly. (TA.) You say, جَآءَنَا فِى نَفْرَتِهِ and ↓ نَفَرِهِ, (T, TA,) &c., (TA,) He came to us among his near kinsmen, (T, TA,) &c. (TA.) And, غَلَبَتْ نُفُورَتُنَا نُفُورَتَهُمْ Our near kinsmen overcame their near kinsmen. (T, TA.) See also نَفَرٌ, in two places: and see نَفِيرٌ.

نُفْرَةٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ نُفَرَةٌ (K) A thing that is hung upon a child for fear of, (K,) or to repel, (Sgh,) the evil eye. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also نَفْرَةٌ.

نَفَرِىٌّ: see نَفَرٌ, last sentence but one.

نِفْرِيَةٌ and نِفْرِيتٌ and نِفْرِيتَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نِفَارٌ a subst. from نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ. Ex. فِى الدَّابَّةِ نِفَارٌ [In the beast of carriage is a disposition to take fright and run away at random]. (S.) and in like manner, from نَفَرَ said of a wild animal. (Msb.) نَفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ.

نَفِيرٌ A people hastening to war, or to some other undertaking: an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Msb:) or a people going to execute an affair: (S:) or a people going with one to fight; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ [q. v.] and ↓ نَفْرٌ: (M, K:) each is a noun having a pl. signification: (M:) or the first and last signify a company of men: and the pl. of each is أَنْفَارٌ: (M:) or the first, (S,) or all, (K,) a people, (S,) or company, (K,) preceding in an affair: (S, K:) or the first, those of a man's people who go forth with him to war: or it is a pl. [or quasi-pl.] of نَفَرٌ, signifying men assembled to go to the enemy: (Bd, xvii. 6:) or aiders, or assistants. (M.) [See نَفَرٌ, in two places.] You say, جَآءَتْ نَفْرَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and نَفِيرُهُمْ, The company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to execute an affair, arrived. (S, TA.) نَفِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ means Those of Kureysh who went forth to Bedr to defend the caravan of Aboo-Sufyán, (M,) which was coming from Syria. (T.) Hence the proverb, فُلَانٌ لَا فِى

العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ [Such a one is neither in the caravan nor in the company going forth to fight]: applied to him who is not regarded as fit for a difficult undertaking: because none held back from the caravan and the fight except him who was crippled by disease and him in whom was no good; (TA:) or the original words of the proverb are لا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ: and these words were first said by Aboo-Sufyán, with reference to the Benoo-Zuhrah, when he found them turning back towards Mekkeh; and, accord. to As, are applied to a man who is held in low and little repute. (Mgh.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 500.]

نُفُورَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ, in three places.

نُفَارِيَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَافِرٌ [and ↓ نَفُورٌ] and ↓ مُسْتَنْفِرٌ signify the same; [i. e., Taking fright, and fleeing, or running away at random: or being, or becoming, impatient, of or at a thing, and retiring to a distance: or fleeing, and going away or aside or apart or to a distance: or the second, being of an intensive form, signifies, as also ↓ يَنْفُورٌ, that does so much or often; or wont or apt to do so:] (TA:) and نَفْرٌ is a pl. of نَافِرٌ, (K,) or [rather] a quasi-pl., like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and زَوْرٌ of زَائِرٌ. (M.) You say, دَابَّةٌ نَافِرٌ, and ↓ نَفُورٌ, [A beast that takes fright and runs away at random: &c.:] (M, K:) accord. to IAar, one should not say نَافِرَةٌ (M) [unless using it as an epithet applied to a broken pl. of a subst., as will be seen below]. It is said in a proverb, ↓ كُلُّ أَزَبَّ نَفُورٌ [Every one, of camels, that is hairy on the face is wont to take fright and run away at random: see art. زب]. (M.) You say also ↓ ظَبْىٌ يَنْفُورٌ, (M, K, *) in some copies of the K, نيفور, (TA,) A gazelle that takes fright and flees much or often; or that is wont to do so. (M, K. *) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxiv. 51,] فَرَّتْ مِنْ ↓ كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ قَسْوَرَةٍ, i. e., نَافِرَةٌ, [As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random, that have fled from a lion:] and (accord. to one reading, T) ↓ مُسْتَنْفَرَةٌ, (T, S,) meaning, made to take fright and run away at random; (T;) or frightened, or scared. (S.) b2: أَنَا نَافِرٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الامر (tropical:) I shrink from this thing or affair; am averse from it; do not like or approve it. and هِىَ نَافِرَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [She is averse from her husband; she shuns or avoids him]. (A.) نَوْفَرٌ: see art. نيلوفر.

نَافِرَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ.

مُنَفِّرٌ act. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: (assumed tropical:) One who encounters people with roughness and violence [and that which incites them to flight or aversion: see 2]. (TA, from a trad.) مُسْتَنْفِرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

مُسْتَنْفَرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

يَنْفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

نكر

1 نَكِرَهُ: see 4, in several places.

A2: نَكُرَ, inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, [He was, or became, ignorant: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكَارَةٌ, below. b2: And, contr., He possessed cunning; meaning both intelligence with craft and forecast; and simply intelligence, or skill and knowledge: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكْرٌ. b3: ] It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, مُنْكَر [app. here meaning disapproved; or bad, evil, abominable, or foul; or disallowed]. (A.) b4: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, (TK,) or نُكْرَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, difficult, hard, arduous, or severe. (S, K. *) 2 نكّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْكِيرٌ, Msb,) He changed, or altered, him or it, (S, A, Msb, TA,) to an unknown state, (S, TA,) so as not to be known; (TA;) [he disguised him or it.] It is said in the Kur, [xxvii. 41,] نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا Alter ye her throne so that it may not be known to her. (TA.) See also 4, last signification but one. b2: [In grammar, He made it (a noun) indeterminate.]3 ناكرهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُنَاكَرَةٌ, (A, K,) He strove, or endeavoured, to outwit, deceive, beguile, or circumvent, him; or he practised with him mutual deceit, guile, or circumvention; syn. خَادَعَهُ and دَاهَاهُ: the inf. n. is also explained by مُرَاوَغَةٌ as well as مُخَادَعَةٌ [both of which signify the same]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) He contended with him in fight; (S, K;) and in war, or hostility. (A, K.) It is said of Mohammad, by Aboo-Sufyán (S, TA) Ibn-Harb, (TA,) لَمْ يُنَاكِرْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ الأَهْوَالُ, (S, TA,) meaning, He did not war with any one without being aided by terror [cast into the hearts of his opponents]. (TA.) And one says, بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاكَرَةٌ Between them two is war, or hostility, (A, TA, *) and fighting. (TA.) 4 انكرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِنْكَارٌ; (Msb, &c.;) and ↓ نَكِرَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (L,) or it does not admit the variations of tense like other verbs, (IKtt, Msb,) it is not used in the future tense, nor in commanding nor in forbidding, (Lth,) inf. n. نَكَرٌ (K) and نُكْرٌ and نُكُورٌ (S, K) and نَكِيرٌ; (K;) and ↓ استنكرهُ; (S, M, A, K;) and ↓ تناكرهُ; (M, K;) signify the same; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) i. e., He ignored, was ignorant of, did not know, failed to know, or [rather] was unacquainted with, it (i. e. a thing, or an affair, IKtt, K) or him (a man, S); syn. جَهِلَهُ; (Kr, K;) or contr. of عَرَفَهُ: (S, * IKtt, Msb:) [see also نَكَارَةٌ:] some, however, say, the نَكِرَ has a more intensive signification than أَنْكَرَ: and some, that نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the mind; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the sight: (A, TA:) or [the converse is the case;] نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the sight; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the mind: (Kull, p. 81:) [but both forms seem to have been generally used indiscriminately.] ElAashà says, وَأَنْكَرَتْنِى وَمَا كَانَ الَّذِى نَكِرَتْ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ إِلَّا الشَّيْبَ وَالصَّلَعَا [And she did not know me; and the accidents which she did not know were none others than hoariness, and baldness of the fore part of the head]. (S, TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xi. 73,] وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةٌ ↓ نَكِرَهُمْ [He knew not what they were, and conceived a fear, or a kind of fear, of them]: (TA:) نَكِرَهُمْ here signifies أَنْكَرَهُمْ: (Jel:) or it means أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [q. v. infra]. (Bd.) b2: أَنْكَرَهُ also signifies He denied, or disacknowledged, it; (L, art. جحد; [and this signification, as well as the first, may be meant to be indicated by those who say that أَنْكَرَهُ signifies the contr. of عَرفَهُ;]) [and so ↓ نَكِرَهُ; for] إِنْكَارٌ signifies i. q. جُحُودٌ, (S, TA,) and so نُكْرَانٌ [which is an inf. n. of نَكِرَهُ]. (TA.) [In this sense it is doubly trans.:] you say, أَنْكَرْتُهُ حَقَّهُ, meaning, I denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right. (Msb.) The cause of إِنْكَار with the tongue is إِنْكَار with the mind, but sometimes the tongue denies, or disacknowledges, (يُنْكِرُ,) a thing when the image thereof is present in the mind; and this is lying; as is the case in the following passage of the Kur, [xvi. 85,] يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا [They confess, or acknowledge, the favour of God; then they deny, or disacknowledge, it]. (B.) See also نَكِيرٌ.

A2: Also, He deemed it strange, extraordinary, or improbable. (MF, voce عَجَبٌ.] b2: [Also He denied, or negatived, it. b3: He disbelieved it. b4: and He disapproved it; he disliked it; he deemed it, or declared it to be, bad, evil, abominable, or foul; he disallowed it: so accord. to explanations of the pass. part. n., q. v. infra; and accord. to common usage of classical and of modern times.] It is said of Abraham, when the angels came to him, and he saw that their hands did not touch the meat which be had brought to them, نَكِرَهُمْ, meaning, أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [He deemed that conduct of their's evil, or disapproved it: or, perhaps, he did not know what that conduct of their's was, or what it indicated]: ↓ نَكِرَ and أَنْكَرَ and ↓ استنكر [of which last see an ex. voce تَهِمَ] signify the same. (Bd, xi. 73.) And you say, أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, meaning, I blamed, or found fault with, his deed, and forbade it; I disapproved and disallowed his deed. (Msb:) [and I manifested, or showed, or declared, disapproval, or disallowance, of his deed: and in like manner, أَنْكَرْتُ عَليْهِ, elliptically; فِعْلَهُ, (his deed,) or قَوْلَهُ, (his saying;) or the like, being understood; like عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ for عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ or the like: see نَكِيرٌ.] b5: إِنْكَارٌ also signifies The changing [a thing; like تَنْكِيرٌ]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what isمُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved: see نَكِيرٌ, which is syn. with it, but is a simple subst.]. (S, TA.) b6: مَا أَنْكَرَهُ How great it his cunning! meaning both his intelligence, and craft, and forecast; and simply, his intelligence, or skill and knowledge. (TA.) And مَا كَانَ أَنْكَرَهُ How great was his cunning, &c. (TA.) 5 تنكّر He, or it, changed, or altered, himself, or itself; or became changed, or altered; (S, A, Msb, TA;) to an unknown state: (S, TA:) [he assumed an unknown appearance: he disguised himself; or became disguised:] he became changed or altered in countenance by anger so that he who saw him did not know him: (Har, p. 144:) or تَنَكُّرٌ signifies the changing, or altering oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which pleases one to a state which one dislikes. (T, K.) b2: إِيَّاكَ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ Avoid thou evil disposition. (Mgh.) b3: تَنَكَّرَ لِى

فُلاَنٌ Such a one [became changed, or altered, in countenance to me by anger so that I did not know him; or] met me in a morose manner (A, TA.) [In art. شنف in the K, تَنَكَّرَهُ occurs.]6 تناكرهُ: see 4, first signification. b2: تناكر He feigned ignorance. (S, A, K.) b3: تناكروا They acted with mutual hostility. (TS, A, K.) 10 اشتنكرهُ: see 4, first signification, and also in the latter part. b2: اِسْتِنْكَارٌ also signifies The inquiring respecting, or seeking to understand, a thing, or an affair, which one disapproves; (K, TA;) when one disapproves confirming, or establishing, the opinion expressed by an inquirer, or disapproves that his opinion should be contrary to what he has expressed. (TA.) نَكْرٌ: see نُكْرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ.

نُكْرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ [but the former is the more common] and ↓ نَكَارَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (A, K) Cunning; meaning both intelligence mixed with croft and forecast; and [simply] intelligence, or sagacity, or skill and knowledge; syn. دَهَآءٌ; (S, A, K;) and فِطْنَةٌ. (A, K.) See also نَكُرَ.

You say of a man who is intelligent and evil, or cunning, مَا أَشَدَّ نُكْرَهُ, and ↓ نَكْرَهُ [How great is his cunning, &c.!] (S.) And فَعَلَهُ مِنْ نُكْرِهِ, and ↓ نَكَارَتِهِ, He did it of his cunning, &c. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, إِنِّى لَأَكْرَهُ النَّكَارَةَ فِى الرَّجُلِ Verily I hate cunning (الدَّهَآءَ) in the man. (TA.) A2: نُكْرٌ, as an epithet, applied to a thing, or an affair, Difficult, hard, arduous, or severe; as also ↓ نُكُرٌ (M, A, K) and ↓ نَكِيرٌ: (TA:) and i. q. مُنْكَرٌ, q. v. (S, A, K.) نَكَرٌ [app. Difficulty, hardness, arduousness, or severity;] a subst. from نَكُرَ, in the sense of صَعُبَ [It was difficult, &c.]. (IKtt, TA.) نَكُرٌ: see نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نُكُرٌ and ↓ مُنْكَرٌ, (K,) epithets applied to a man, Possessing cunning; or intelligence mixed with cunning and forecast; (S, K;) and [simply] intelligent, or skilful and knowing: (K:) and so, applied to a woman, ↓ نُكُرٌ (K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ (L, TA [but this is probably a mistake for ↓ نُكُرٌ]) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ, but أَنْكَرُ is not applied to a man in this sense, (Az, TA,) nor is مُنْكَرَةٌ to a woman: (TA:) pl. of the first and second (S, K,) and third, (K,) أَنْكَارٌ: (S, K:) and of the last, مَنَاكِيرُ: (Sb, S, K:) or, applied to men, مُنْكَرُونَ; and to other things, مَنَاكِيرُ [which is irreg.]. (Az, TA.) b2: Also, نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ One who disapproves what is bad, evil, abominable, or foul; expl. by أَلَّذِى يُنْكِرُ الْمُنْكَرَ: pl. as above. (S.) نُكُرٌ: see نُكْرٌ, and مُنْكَرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكَرَةٌ a subst. from إِنْكَارٌ, (K,) with which it is syn., [app. signifying (like نَكِرَةٌ) Ignorance: or denial: or disapproval, or the like]. (TK,) like نَفَقَةٌ from إِنْفَاقٌ. (K.) It is said, in a certain trad, كُنْتَ لِى أَشَدَّ نَكَرَةً, (TA,) i. e. إِنْكَارًا, (TK,) [Thou wast to me most ignorant. &c.]

نَكِرَةٌ Ignorance, &c., (إِنْكَار,) of a thing; (TA;) contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ; (S, K;) and so ↓ نَكَارَةٌ; syn. جَهَالَةٌ; as in the phrase فِيهِ نَكَارَةٌ [In him is ignorance]. (A.) See also نَكَرَةٌ. b2: [As contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ, it is also, in grammar, an epithet applied to a noun, signifying Indeterminate, or indefinite.]

نَكْرَآءُ: see مُنْكَرٌ. b2: A calamity: (K:) rigour, or severity, of fortune; (A, TA;) as also [its dim.] نُكَيْرَآء. (TA.) A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

A3: and see نَكِرٌ.

نَكِيرٌ i. q. إِنْكَارٌ [in the sense of Denial]. (K.) It is said in the Kur, xlii. 46. فَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ

And there shall be for you no [power of] denial of your sins. (Bd, Jel.) And one says, شُتِمَ فُلَانٌ فَمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ نَكِيرٌ [Such a one was reviled and he had no denial to make]. (A.) b2: [Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of Disapproval, or the like: and manifestation thereof. See what here follows.]

b3: Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of The changing [a thing]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved]: (S, TA:) a simple subst. (T, TA.) The words of the Kur, [xxii. 43 and lxvii. 18,] فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ are explained as signifying And how was my changing [of their condition]! (TA:) or the meaning is, and how was my manifestation of disapproval of their conduct, (إِنْكَارِى عَلَيْهِمْ,) by changing favour into trial, and life into destruction, and a flourishing condition into a state of ruin! (Bd, xxii. 43.) In [some of] the copies of the K, it is said that نَكِيرَةٌ [but in a MS. copy I find نَكِيرٌ and so in the CK] is a subst. from تَنَكُّرٌ as signifying the changing, or altering, oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which please one to a state which one dislikes: but a different statement is found in the T: [see above.] and نكيرة is not mentioned by any authority. (TA.) A2: A strong fortress. (Sgh, K.) See نُكْرٌ.

A3: See also مُنْكَرٌ.

نَكَارَةٌ: see نَكِرَةٌ.

A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

أَنْكَرُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, evil, abominable, or foul. So it is explained as occurring in the Kur. [xxxi. 18,] إِنّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَمِيرِ [Verily the most abominable of voices is the voice of asses]. (TA.) b2: See also نَكِرٌ: and the fem., نَكْرَآءُ, see above.

مُنْكَرٌ contr. of مَعْرُوفٌ: (K:) [an explanation including several significations, here following.]

b2: [Ignored, or unknown; as also ↓ مَنْكُورٌ, for مَنْكُورٌ is syn. with مَجْهُولٌ [the pass. part. n. of the verb by which أَنْكَرَهُ is explained by Kr and in the K]; (TA;) and ↓ مُسْتَنْكَرٌ signifies the same. (L.) For the pls. of مُنْكَرٌ, see نَكِرٌ. b3: [Denied, or disacknowledged. (See the verb.) b4: Deemed strange, extraordinary, or improbable, (See again the verb.)] b5: Any action disapproved, or disallowed, by sound intellects; or deemed, or declared, thereby, to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or pronounced to be so by the law because the mind deliberates respecting the regarding it as such: and thus it is used in the Kur, ix. 113 [and other places]: (B, TA:) or anything pronounced to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, or foul, and forbidden, and disapproved, disliked, or hated, by the law: (TA:) a saying, or an action, unapproved, not approved, unaccepted, or not accepted, by God: (KT:) unbecoming, indecent, or indecorous. (KL.) See مَعْرُوفٌ, voce عُرْفٌ. مُنْكَرٌ and ↓ نُكْرٌ and ↓ نُكُرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (S, Msb K) are all syn., (S, A, Msb, K,) [and are used as epithets in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] signifying a bad, an evil, a hateful, an abominable, a foul, an unseemly, an ugly, or a hideous, [and a formidable,] thing or affair [or action or saying or quality, &c.]: (Msb:) [in this sense, its pl. is مُنْكَرَاتٌ and مَنَاكِيرُ; as will be seen below:] ↓ نُكْرٌ is contr. of عُرْفٌ [which is syn. with مَعْرُوفٌ]. (TA.) You say فِيهِمُ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَالْمُنْكَرُ, and العُرْفُ والنُّكْرُ, [In them are good and evil qualities.] And هُمْ يَرْكَبُونَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ, and المَنَاكِيرَ, [They commit bad, evil, abominable, or foul, actions.] (A.) And it is said in the Kur, [xviii. 73,] لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا [Verily thou hast done a bad, an evil, an abominable, or a foul, thing]. (S.) A2: The name of one of two angels, the other of whom is named نَكِيرٌ; (S;) who are the two triers of [the dead in] the graves. (ISd, K.) A3: See also نَكِرٌ.

مَنْكُورٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification. The pl. is مَنَاكِيرُ, [which is also a pl. of مُنْكَرٌ,] accord. to Sb, who mentions it because, accord. to rule, the pl. of a sing. of this class is formed by the addition of و and ن for the masc., and ا and ت for the fem. (Abu-l-Hasan, TA.) خَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًّا He went forth disguised; or changed in outward appearance, or state of apparel. (TA.) مُسْتَنْكَرٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification.

طَرِيقٌ يَنْكُورٌ A road, or way, in a wrong direction. (S, K.)

نهز

1 نَهَزَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. نَهْزٌ, (Msb, TA,) He rose to take a thing with his extended hand. (Msb, JK, TA.) He took a thing with his extended hand. (JK, TA.) See also 3 and 8.

A2: نَهَزَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became near. (K.) See also 3, in two places.3 ناهزهُ, inf. n. مُنَاهَزَةٌ, He strove with him, or made haste, to outstrip him; to be, or get, before him; to precede him. (TA.) You say, ناهز الصَّيْدَ He made haste to get before the game, or object of the chase, (K, TA,) and seized it before its escape. (TA.) And نَاهَزْتُهُمُ الفُرَصَ [I strove with them, or made haste, to be before them in taking, or seizing, the opportunities, or the turns for drawing water or the like]. (S, A.) A poet says, نَاهَزْتُهُمْ بِنَيْطَلٍ جَرُوفِ [I strove with them, or made haste, to be before them in drawing water with a capacious bucket]. (S.) A2: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He approached it; drew near to it; nearly attained to it; (K, TA;) as also ↓ نَهَزَهُ. (TA.) You say, ناهز البُلُوغُ, (S, Msb,) and الحُلُمَ, (A, TA,) He (a boy, S, Msb) approached, drew near to, or nearly attained to, puberty. (S, A, Msb.) and ناهز الخَمْسِينَ [He approached, or nearly attained to, the age of fifty]. (A, TA.) And ناهز لِلْفِطَامِ, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (Msb,) He (a child) approached, or drew near to, the [time of] weaning; (A, Msb;) as also ↓ نَهَزَ لَهُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (Msb.) A3: See also 8.6 تناهزا They strove together, or made haste, each to be, or get, before the other. (K.) Yousay, هُمَا يَتَنَاهَزَانِ إِمَارَةَ بَلَدِ كَذَا They strive together, or make haste, each to be before the other in obtaining the government of such a town, or country. (S, * TA.) And تَنَاهَزُوا الفُرَصَ [They strove together, or made haste, to be before one another in taking, or seizing, the opportunities, or the turns for drawing water or the like: see 3.] (A.) 8 انتهز الفُرْصَةَ He took, or seized, [or availed himself of,] the opportunity; syn. اِغْتَنَمَهَا: (S, A, K:) or he arose and hastened to be before another, or others, in taking, or seizing, the opportunity; or simply he hastened to take it. (Msb.) You say, انْتَهِزْهَا قَدْ أَمْكَنَتْكَ قَبْلَ الفَوْتِ [Take thou, or seize thou, it; (meaning the opportunity;) for it hath become within thy power; before the escape thereof]. (TA.) And اِنْتَهِزْ فَقَدْ أَعْرَضَ لَكَ [Take thou, or seize thou, the opportunity; for it hath offered itself to thee]. (A, TA.) Also, انْتَهَزَهَا He took it, or them, [but to what the pronoun refers is not shown,] with his extended hand, from a near spot; and so ↓ نَاهَزَهَا. (TA.) And انتهز الشَّىْءَ He accepted the thing, and hastened to take it with his extended hand. (TA.) نُهْزَةٌ An opportunity; a time at which, or during which, a thing may be done or had; syn. فُرْصَةٌ. (S, K.) b2: A thing that offers itself to one as a prey, or spoil. (JK, L. *) You say, فُلَانٌ نُهْزَةُ المُخْتَلِسِ [Such a one is the prey of the snatcher]; meaning, such a one is the prey of every one. (L.) And هٰذِهِ نُهْزَةٌ فَاخْتَلِسْهَا [This is a thing that offers itself as a prey, therefore snatch thou it.] (A.) نَاهِزٌ Approaching, or near, to the time of weaning; applied to a boy; (JK, Msb, TA;) and to a girl; (TA;) or the epithet applied to the latter is with ة. (JK, Msb.)

نحس

1 نَحِسَ, aor. ـَ (S, A, K;) and نَحُسَ, aor. ـُ (K;) and نَحِسُ, like [its contr.] سُعِدَ; (Bd, xvii. 30;) inf. n. [of the first] نَحَسٌ and [of the second نُحُوسَةٌ; (TA;) He, or it, was, or became, unprosperous, unfortunate, inauspicious, or unlucky: (S, A, K:) said of a man, (A, Bd,) and of a star, (TA,) or other thing. (S, TA.) 4 أَنْحَسَتِ النَّارُ The fire had much نُحَاس, i. e., smoke. (IKtt.) 6 تَنَاْحَسَ see 8.8 انتحس He became overthrown, or subverted; as also ↓ تناحس. And the former is also said of a man's جَدّ [or good fortune]. (A, TA.) نَحْسٌ Unprosperousness, unfortunateness, inauspiciousness, or unluckiness; contr. of سَعْدٌ; (S, A, K;) of stars, and of other things: pl. [of pauc.] أَنْحُسٌ and [of mult.] نُحُوسٌ; (TA;) and مَنَاحِسُ is an irreg. pl. of the same, (TA,) syn. with مَشَائِمُ, (IDrd, K, TA,) which is in like manner an irreg. pl. of شُؤْمٌ. (TA.) [In Har, p. 375, a doubt is expressed respecting مَنَاحِسُ, as to its being a pl. of نَحْسٌ; but only from ignorance of their being any authority for its being so: it may, however, be pl. of مَنْحَسَةٌ, and not of نَحْسٌ.] In the Kur, [liv. 19,] some read, فى يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ [In a day of unprosperousness]: others read نحس as an epithet. (S.) See نَحِسٌ. b2: Also, Difficulty, distress, trouble, or fatigue; harm, injury, or evil state or condition; syn. جَهْدٌ and ضُرٌّ: pl. أَنْحُسٌ. (TA.) نَحِسٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نَحْسٌ (S, A) and ↓ نَحِيسٌ (TA) and ↓ نَحُوسٌ and ↓ مُنْحُوسٌ (A, TA) Unprosperous, unfortunate, inauspicious, or unlucky. (S, A, K.) You say, رَجُلٌ نَحِسٌ and نَحْسٌ (A) and مَنْحُوسٌ (A, TA) [An unprosperous man]: pl. of the last, مَنَاحِيسُ. (TA.) And يَوْمٌ نَحْسٌ (S, A, TA) [and نَحِسٌ] and نَحُوسٌ (A, TA) and نَحِيسٌ and مَنْحُوسٌ (TA) [An unprosperous day]: and in the pl., أَيَّامٌ نَحْسٌ, [which seems to indicate that نَحْسٌ is originally an inf. n.,] (TA,) and نَحْسَةٌ, and نَحْسَاتٌ, which is pl. of نَحْسَةٌ, (Az, TA,) and نَحِسَةٌ, (K,) and [its pl.] نَحِسَاتٌ, (S, TA,) and نَحِيسَةٌ, (K.) [and app. ↓ نَاحِسَةٌ,] and [its pl.] نَوَاحِسُ. (TA.) In the Kur, [liv. 19,] some read, ↓ فِى يَوْمٍ نَحْسٍ

[In an unprosperous day], as well as فِى يَوْمِ نَحْسٍ: (S, TA:) and AA reads [in the Kur, xli. 15,] فِى أَيَّامٍ نَحْسَاتٍ: and نَحِسَاتٍ is another reading. (TA.) You also say, ↓ عَامٌ نَاحِسٌ and ↓ نَحِيسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) A year of dearth or drought or sterility: (IDrd, K:) so they assert. (IDrd.) and ↓ النَّحْسَانِ is an appellation of The two planets Saturn and Mars: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) like as [the contr.] السَّعْدَانِ is applied to Venus and Mercury. (Ibn-'Abbád.) نَحَاسٌ: see نُحَاسٌ: A2: and نِحَاسٌ.

نُحَاسٌ (S, K, &c.) and ↓ نِحَاسٌ (Fr, K) and ↓ نَحَاسٌ, (K,) the last, (TA,) or all, (K,) on the authority of Abu-l-'Abbás El-Kawáshee, (K,) a word of well-known meaning; (S;) Copper: and brass; syn. قِطْرٌ: (K:) or صُفْرٌ: (Ibn-Buzurj:) or a species of صُفْر intensely red: (TA:) a chaste Arabic word. (TA.) A2: Also, Fire: (IF, K:) and the sparks that fall from brass (صُفْر), or from iron, when it is beaten (AO, K) with the hammer: (TA:) or نُحَاسٌ signifies smoke: so in the Kur, lv. 35: (Fr, Az, Bd, and others; accord. to Az, all the interpreters of the Kur.; and it is wonderful that the author of the K has omitted this signification: TA:) but some say that it is ↓ نِحَاسٌ signifies the smoke of صُفْر; and نُحَاسٌ signifies صُفْر itself: (Ibn-Buzurj:) or the latter signifies smoke in which is no flame: (S, Jel:) or smoke that rises high, and of which the heat is weak, and which is free from flame: (AHn:) or molten صُفْر: (Bd:) and some read نُحُسٌ, which is the pl. (Bd.) A3: See also نِحَاسٌ.

نِحَاسٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نُحَاسٌ (S, K) and ↓ نَحَاسٌ (K, but excluded by the TA) Nature; natural, or native, disposition or temper or other quality or property: (S, A, K, TA:) and origin: (S, A, TA:) or that to which the origin of a thing reaches. (IAar, K.) You say, فُلَانٌ كَرِيمُ النِّحَاسِ, (S, A,) and ↓ النُّحَاسِ, (S,) Such a one is generous of nature, &c., and origin. (S, A.) A2: See also نُحَاسٌ, in two places.

نَحُوسٌ: see نَحِسٌ, throughout.

نَحِيسٌ: see نَحِسٌ, throughout.

نَحَّاسٌ A worker of copper or brass: a coppersmith.]

نَاحِسٌ: see نَحِسٌ, in two places.

مَنحَسٌ A place of unprosperousness, unfortunateness, inauspiciousness, or unluckiness: pl. مَنَاحِسُ. (Har, p. 374.) مَنْحَسَةٌ [A cause of unprosperousness, unfortunateness, inauspiciousness, or unluckiness: pl., accord. to rule, مَنَاحِسُ]. (A, TA, art. تعس.) مَنْحَوسٌ: see نَحِسٌ, in three places.

مَنَاحِسُ: see نَحْسٌ, مَنْحَسٌ, and مَنْحَسَةٌ.

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

نكس

1 نَكَسَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. نَكْسٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned it over, or upside down; inverted it; reversed it; changed its manner of being, or state: (Sh, Msb: *) he turned it over upon its head: (S, A, K:) and he turned it fore part behind; made the first part of it to be last; or put the first part of it last: (Sh:) and ↓ نكّسهُ, (S, A, K) inf. n. تَنْكِيسٌ, (S,) signifies the same; (S, * A, K;) or has an intensive sense. (TA.) You say, نُكِسَ السَّهْمُ فِى الكِنَانَةِ The arrow was turned, or put, upside down in the quiver. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xxxvi. 68,] وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ نَنْكُسْهُ فِى الخَلْقِ, or, accord. to the reading of 'Ásim and Hamzeh, ↓ نُنَكِّسْهُ; meaning, And him whom We cause to live long, We cause him to become in a state the reverse of that in which he was, in constitution; so that after strength, he becomes reduced to weakness; and after youthfulness, to extreme old age. (TA.) b2: نَكَسْتُ فُلَانًا فِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) I made such a one to enter again into that affair, or state, after he had got out of it. (ISh.) [Hence the saying in the Kur, xxi. 66,] ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) Then they were made to return to their disbelief: (Jel:) or (tropical:) then they reverted to disputation, after they had taken the right course by means of consulting together; their return to falsity being likened to a thing's becoming upside down: and there are two other readings; ↓ نُكِّسُوا, and نَكَسُوا; the latter meaning نَكَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ: (Bd;) or (assumed tropical:) then they reverted from what they knew, of the evidence in favour of Abraham. (Fr.) b3: [And hence,] نَكَسَهُ, and نَكَسَهُ إِلَى مَرَضِهِ, (tropical:) It made him to fall back into his disease.] (TA, in art. هيض.) And نُكِسَ, (S, Msb, K,) or نُكِسَ فِى مَرَضِهِ, (A, TA,) inf. n. نُكْسٌ (S, Msb, K) and نَكْسٌ (TA, [but see what is said of this below]) and نُكَاسٌ, (Sh, K,) (tropical:) He relapsed into his disease, after convalescence, or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength: (S, A, K:) or the disease returned to him; [he relapsed into the disease;] as though he were made to turn back to it. (Msb.) Yousay, أَكَلَ كَذَا فَنُكِسَ (tropical:) [He ate such a thing, and relapsed into his disease]. (A, TA.) and تَعْسًا لَهُ وَنُكْسًا, and sometimes one says, نَكْسًا, (S, K,) in this case, (S,) for the sake of mutual resemblance, (S, K,) or because نَكْسًا is a dial form [of نُكْسًا], (S,) [meaning, (assumed tropical:) May he fall upon his face, or the like, (see art. تعس,) and relapse into disease: or] may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time: and in like manner you say, ↓ تَعَسَ وَانْتَكَسَ. (Msb, art. تعس.) [See also 8.] You say also, نُكِسَ الجُرْحُ (assumed tropical:) [The wound broke open again; or became recrudescent]. (S, in arts. عرب and حبط, &c.) b4: And نَكَسَ الطَّعَامُ وَغَيْرُهُ دَآءَ المَرِيضِ (tropical:) The food, &c., made the disease of the sick man to return. (K.) And نَكَسَ الخِضَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ (tropical:) He put the dye upon his head repeatedly, or several times. (A, TA. *) b5: Also نَكَسَ [or more probably نُكِسَ] (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became weak and impotent. (Sh, in TA.) And نُكِسَ عَنْ نُظَرَائِهِ, like عُنِىَ, (assumed tropical:) He fell short of his fellows; was unable to attain to them. (TA.) b6: نَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ, and ↓ نكّسهُ, (TA,) [and نَكَسَ alone, (see نَاكِسٌ,)] and ↓ نكّس, (L, TA, art. بقر,) and ↓ انتكس, (TA,) [and in like manner ↓ تنكّس, said of a flower-stalk in the M and K, voce قِشْبٌ,] He bent, or inclined, his head; (TA;) he lowered, or stooped, his head; bent, or hung, it down towards the ground; absolutely; or by reason of abasement. (So accord. to explanations of the act. part. n., below.) 2 نَكَّسَ see 1, throughout.5 تَنَكَّسَ see 1, last sentence.8 انتكس quasi-pass. of نَكَسَهُ; (S, A, TA;) [and therefore signifying It became turned over, or upside down; became turned over upon its head; became inverted; became reversed; became changed in its manner of being, or state; it became turned fore part behind; its first part was made to be last, or was put last:] he fell upon his head. (K.) This last signification [understood figuratively] it is said to have in the phrase تَعَسَ وَانْتَكَسَ, a form of imprecation, meaning, (assumed tropical:) May he be disappointed, or fail, of attaining his desire: for he who is overthrown in his affair (مَن انْتَكَسَ فِى

أَمْرِهِ) is disappointed of attaining his desire, and suffers loss. (TA.) [See also 1, where this form of imprecation is differently explained.] b2: Also, i. q. نَكَّسَ رَأَسَهُ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.]

نِكْسٌ An arrow having its notch broken, and its top therefore made its bottom: (S, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْكَاسٌ (A, TA) and [of mult.]

نُكُسٌ. (A.) b2: A head, or blade, of an arrow &c., having its tongue (سِنْخ) broken, and its point therefore made its tongue: (K:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (TA.) b3: A bow of which the foot is made [of] the head of the branch; as also ↓ مَنْكُوسَةٌ. This peculiarity is a fault. (K.) b4: A child such as is termed يَتْنٌ [born preposterously, feet foremost; but يَتْنٌ is an inf. n., and I have not found it used as an epithet anywhere but in this instance]; (K;) i. q. مَنْكُوسٌ; and mentioned by IDrd; but he says that it is not of established authority. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) Low, or ignoble; base; vile; mean, or sordid: See a verse cited voce أَشَّعَلَ: (A:) (tropical:) one who falls short of the utmost point of generosity; (K;) or of courage and generosity: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) weak; (S, K;) applied to a man: (S:) (assumed tropical:) short: (AHn:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (A, K.) b6: See also مُنَكِّسٌ: b7: and نُكُسٌ.

نُكَسٌ, [app. pl. of نِكْسٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Old men tottering by reason of age (مُدْرَهِمُّونَ) after attaining to extreme old age. (K.) نَاكِسٌ Lowering his head; bending, or hanging, down his head towards the ground; [absolutely;] (S, K;) [or] by reason of abasement: (TA:) pl. [properly نَاكِسُونَ; (see Kur, xxxii.

12;) and sometimes] نَوَاكِسُ, (S, K,) used [only] in poetry, (S, TA,) by reason of necessity, (TA,) and anomalous, (S, K,) like فَوَارِسُ. (S.) ElFarezdak says, وَإِذَا الرِّجَالُ رَأَوْا يَزِيدَ رَأَيْتَهُم خُضُعَ الرِّقَابِ نَوَاكِسَ الأَبْصَارِ [And when the men see Yezeed, thou seest them depressed in the necks, lowering the eyes]: (S:) thus the verse is related by Fr and Ks: Akh says, that it is allowable to say نَوَاكِسِ الأَبْصَارِ, after the manner of the phrase حُجْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ; [see art. خرب;] and Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà adds

ى in relating it; saying نَوَاكِسِى الأَبْصَارِ. (TA.) [See the remarks on فَوَارِسُ, pl. of فَارِسٌ.]

مُنَكِّسٌ A horse that does not raise, or elevate, his head, (S, IF, K,) nor his neck, when running, by reason of weakness: (IF, K:) or that has not reached the other horses (Lth, K) in their heat, or single run to a goal; (Lth;) i. e., by reason of his weakness and impotence; as also ↓ نِكْسٌ. (TA.) وَلَدٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A child [preposterously brought forth; whose feet come forth before his head. (A, Msb, and so in a copy of the S.) See also نِكْسٌ. b2: وِلَادٌ مَنْكُوسٌ [Preposterous childbirth] is when the feet come forth before the head; (K, and so in a copy of the S, [and that this is what was meant by the author of the S seems to be indicated by what immediately follows]) i. q. يَتْنُ. (S.) b3: طَوَافٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A circuiting of the Kaabeh performed in a way contrary to the prescribed custom, by saluting the black stone and then going towards the left. (Mgh.) b4: قَرَأَ القُرَآنَ مَنْكُوسًا He read or recited, the Kur-án, beginning from the last part thereof, (K,) i. e. from [the commencement of the latter of] the مُعَوِّذَتَانِ [or last two chapters], (TA,) and ending with the فَاتِحَة [or first chapter]; contrary to the prescribed mode: (TA:) or beginning from the end of the chapter, and reading it, or reciting it, to its beginning, invertedly; (K;) a mode which A 'Obeyd thinks impossible; and therefore he holds the former explanation to be the right: (TA:) each of these practices is disapproved, excepting the former in teaching children, [in which case it is generally adopted in the present day,] (K,) and [in teaching] the foreigner the [portion of the Kur-án called the] مُفَصَّل; an indulgence being granted to these two only because the long chapters are difficult to them: but if any one knows the Kur-án by heart, and intentionally recite it from the last part thereof to the first, this is forbidden: and if we disapprove this, still more is the reciting from the end of the chapter to the beginning disapproved, if the doing this be possible. (TA.) b5: مَنْكُوسٌ also signifies (tropical:) Suffering a relapse into disease, after convalescence; or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength. (K.) b6: مَنْكُوسَةٌ applied to a bow: see نِكْسٌ.