تو

4 اتوى, said of a man, signifies جَآءَ تَوًّا, i. e. He came alone; by himself: opposed to أَزْوَى

meaning “ he came with another. ” (T.) A2: See also art. توى.

تَوٌّ [app. from the Persian تُوْ, meaning “ a fold,” or “ a single fold,”,] One, and no more; single; sole. (T, S, M, K.) You say, كَانَ تَوًّا فَصَارَ زَوًّا He, or it, was one only, and became a pair. (TA.) and it is said in a trad., الطَّوَافُ تَوٌّ وَالاِسْتِجْمَارُ تَوٌّ, (S, TA,) i. e., The circuiting [of the Kaabeh] is one action, and the casting of the pebbles [in the valley of Minè] is one action. (TA.) You say also, جَآءَ تَوٌّا, meaning He came alone; by himself: (T, S, M:) or he came by a direct course, nothing making him to deviate, and not stopping anywhere in the road; for if he stop anywhere in the road, he is not said to be توّ. (Az, A'Obeyd, M, K.) and عَقَدْتُهُ بِتَوٍّ وَاحِدٍ I tied it with a single knot; by turning the cord, or the like, once: so says Az; and he cites the following ex.: جَارِيَةٌ لَيْسَتْ مِنَ الوَحْشَنِّ لَا تَعْقِدُ المَنْطَقَ بِالمُشْتَنِّ

إِلَّا بِتَوٍّ وَاحِدٍ أَوْ تَنِّ i. e., [A girl that is not of the wild, or shy, sort: she does not tie the zone with the fist, but with a single knot, or] half a knot: the ن in تَنّ [and in وَحْشَنّ and مُشْتَنّ] is redundant: تَنّ being originally تَ, which is a contraction [or rather the half, both as to the letter and the meaning,] of تَوّ. (T.) b2: A rope that is twisted of a single strand: pl. أَتْوَآءٌ. (T, M, K.) b3: [It is said that] it signifies also A thousand horses, or horsemen. (Az, T, K.) [But this requires consideration: for] one says, وَجَّهَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ خَيْلِهِ بِأَلْفٍ تَوٍّ, (Az, T, S,) meaning [Such a one sent a troop of his horses] with a thousand men; i. e., with one thousand: (S, TA:) or, as some say, with one complete thousand. (TA.) A2: Also One who is unoccupied by the business of the present world and of the world to come. (AA, T, K. *) A3: Also A structure elevated, reared, or erected. (T, K.) تَوَّةٌ A period, or a short period, (سَاعَةٌ, AA, T, K,) of time. (AA, T.) You say, مَضَتْ تَوَّةٌ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ, and النَّهَار, A period, or a short period, (ساعة,) of the night passed, and of the day. (TA.) And مَا مَضَى إِلَّا حَتَّى كَانَ كَذَا There passed not save a short period (ساعة) to the time that such a thing happened. (IAar, T.) Hence the saying of the vulgar, تَوَّةً قَامَ [commonly pronounced تَوَّهْ] Just now (السَّاعَةَ) he rose, or stood. (TA.)

او

ى1 أَوَى إِلَيْهِ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and أَوَاهُ, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (T, S, Msb,) imperative اِيوِ (T,) inf. n. أُوِىُّ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) with damm, (K,) of the measure فُعُولٌ, [originally أُوُوىٌ,] (S,) and إِوِىٌّ, (Fr, M, K,) with kesr, (K,) and إِوَآءٌ; (S;) and اليه ↓ أوّى, (M, K,) inf. n. تَأْوِيَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ تأوّى; (M, K;) and ↓ اأْتَوَى, (thus [more commonly ائتوى] accord. to a copy of the M,) or ↓ اتَّوَى, (K,) like اتَّخَذَ, (TK,) and ↓ اِيتَوَى, (M, K,) both of the measure افتعل; (TA;) and ↓ آوَى is used by some in the same sense, but rejected, in this sense, by several; (Msb;) the pronoun relating to a place of abode; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) He betook himself to it, or repaired to it, for lodging, covert, or refuge; (Mgh;) and [simply] he got him or got himself, betook himself, repaired, or resorted, to it; (T, Mgh;) he returned to it; (M;) he took up his abode in it; he lodged, or abode, or dwelt, in it. (Msb, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xi. 45], سَآوِى إِلَى

جَبَلٍ يَعْصِمُنِى مِنَ المَآءِ [I will betake myself for refuge to a mountain that shall preserve me from the water]. (S.) الأُوِىُّ properly relates to living beings; but is used otherwise, metaphorically. (M.) In the saying of Lebeed, بِصَبُوحِ صَافِيَةٍ وَجَذْبِ كَرِينَةٍ

لَهُ إِبْهَامُهَا ↓ بِمُوَترٍ تَأْتَى

[With a morning-potation of clear wine (خَمْرٍ

being understood), and a female singer's straining of her chords, with a stringed instrument to which her thumb returns after the straining], he means تَأْتَوِى لَهُ, of the measure تَفْتَعِلُ, from أَوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ signifying عُدْتُ; the و being changed into ا [written ى], and the ى, which is the final radical, being elided. (M. [But see another reading near the end of the first paragraph of art. اول.]) أَوَى, aor. as above, inf. n. أُوِىٌ, also signifies He turned away: and hence, [it is said,] إِذْ أَوَى الفِتْيَةُ إِلَى الكَهْفِ [When the young men turned away to the cave: though the verb may be here well rendered betook themselves for refuge]. (Har p. 246.) You say also, أَوَيْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, (A'Obeyd, T,) or لَهُ, (as afterwards written in a copy of the T,) [I betook myself to such a one, or repaired to him, for lodging, covert, or refuge; or] I joined myself, got myself, betook myself, repaired, or resorted, to such a one: and accord. to AHeyth, أَوَيْتُ فُلَانًا signifies the same; but he did not know أَوَيْتُ to be syn. with آوَيْتُ as explained below. (T.) And أَوَى إِلَى اللّٰهِ He returned unto God. (TA, from a trad.) b2: أَوَى said of a wound: see 5.

A2: See also 4, in seven places.

A3: أَوَى لَهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, K,) like رَوَى, (K, TA,) but it would have been more explicit if the author of the K had said like رَمَى, (TA,) [as is shown by the false reading in the CK, أوِىَ لَهُ كَرَوِىّ,] aor. ـو (T, S, Mgh,) inf. n. أَوْيَةٌ (S, K) and إِيَّةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with kesr, (TA,) [originally إِوْيَةٌ,] the و being changed into ى because of the kesreh before it, (S,) or because combined with ى and preceded by sukoon [a mistake for “kesreh”], (IB as cited in the TA,) [in a copy of the T written ايَّة, and in a copy of the M and in the CK اَيَّة,] and مَأْوِيَةٌ, (S, M, K,) without teshdeed, (S, TA,) [in my copy of the Mgh written with tesh-deed,] and مَأْوَاهٌ, (S, M, K,) He compassionated him; felt compassion, or pity, for him; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ ائتوى, (T, K,) of the measure افتعل. (TA.) In using the imperative form, you say, اِوِ لَهُ, [unless this be a mistranscription for اِيوِ لَهُ,] meaning Be thou compassionate to him. (T, TA.) 2 اَوَّىَ see 1, first sentence: A2: and see 4.

A3: أَوَّيْتُ بِالخَيْلِ (ISh, T) [I drew together the horses: this meaning seems to be indicated in the T, by the context: or] I called out to the horses آوَّهْ, in order that they should return at hearing my voice: (ISh:) and in like manner one says to them ↓ آوِ or آوٍ; (ISh, T, TA;) a well-known call of the Arabs to horses; and sometimes آى, with a long meddeh, is said to them from afar. (T, TA.) [See also 5.]4 آواهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إيوَآءٌ; (T, S, Mgh;) and ↓ أوّاهُ; (K;) and ↓ أَوَاهُ; (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) the first of which is the [most] approved; (T;) the last used by some; (T, Msb;) both given on the authority of Az, (S,) and of A'Obeyd, accord. to whom you say, أَوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ, with the short ا only; (T, M;) He, or it, gave him, or afforded him, lodging, covert, or refuge; harboured him; sheltered him; protected him; (Mgh;) he lodged him, or lodged him with himself; made him his guest; or gave him refuge or asylum, absolutely, or with himself; syn. أَنْزَلَهُ; (K;) or أَنْزَلَهُ. (T, S, TA.) You say also, الرَّجُلَ إِلَىَّ ↓ أَوَيْتُ and آوَيْتُهُ [I took the man to me to lodge, to be my guest, or to give him refuge or asylum]. (M.) And آوَاهُ سَقْفٌ [A roof shel-tered him]. (Mgh.) And الإِبِلَ ↓ أَوَيْتُ and آوَيْتُهَا [I lodged the camels in their nightly resting-place]; both meaning the same. (T.) And it is said in a trad., الحَمْدُ لِلّهِ الَّذِى كَفَانَا وَآوَانَا i. e. [Praise be to God who hath sufficed us and] hath brought us to a place of abode for us, and not made us to be scattered like the beasts. (TA.) AHeyth disallowed ↓ أَوَيْتُ as syn. with آوَيْتُ; but it is correct. (T.) It is said in a form of divorce, ↓ لَا يَأْوِينِى

وَإِيَّاكِ بَيْتٌ [A house, or tent, shall not lodge, or comprise, me with thee]. (Mgh.) And among other instances, is the saying of the Prophet, (T,) الضَّالَّةٌ إلَّا ضَالٌّ ↓ لَا يَأْوِى [No one will harbour the stray beast but a person straying from the right course of conduct]. (T, Mgh.) And his saying, الجَرِينُ ↓ لَا قَطْعَ فِى ثَمَرٍ حَتَّى يَأْوِيِه i. e. [There shall be no cutting off of the hand in the case of stealing fruit] unless the place where the fruit is dried contain it [at the time of the stealing thereof]. (TA.) b2: Hence, إِيوَآءُ خَشَبِ الفَحْمِ The throwing of dust, or earth, upon the wood of which charcoal is made, and covering it therewith. (Mgh.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.5 تَاَوَّىَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تَأَوَّتِ الطَّيْرُ The birds collected, or flocked, together; (Lth, T, S, M, K;) as also ↓ تَآوَت: (K:) the latter is allowable. (T.) And in like manner one says of other things. (M.) [Thus,] one says, تَأَوَّتِ الخَيْلُ The horses drew, or gathered, themselves together: and تأوّى النَّاسُ The men did so. (T.) You say also, of a wound, ↓ تآوى, and ↓ أَوَى, meaning It drew together, for healing; and so تآزى, and أَزَى: so in the Nawádir el-Aaráb. (T.) A2: One may also say, يَتَأَوَّى, without saying it with ه, [i. e. يَتَأَوَّهُ,] meaning He says أَوْهِ. (Fr and T in art. او.) [See also 2; and see art. اوه.]6 تَاَاْوَىَ see 5, in two places.8 اأْتَوى, or ائتوى, or اتَّوَى, and اِيتَوَى, and تَأْتَى for تَأْتَوِى: see 1, first part of the paragraph, in four places.

A2: See also the last sentence but one of the same paragraph.10 اسْتَأْوَيْتُهُ I asked him, or desired him, to compassionate me, or have mercy on me; syn. اسْتَرْحَمْتُهُ. (T.) A poet (namely, Dhu-r-Rummeh, TA) says, وَلَوْ أَنَّنى اسْتَأْوَيْتُهُ مَا أَوَى لِيَا [And if I had asked him, or desired him, to compassionate me, he would not have compassionated me]. (T, S.) أُوَيَّةٌ dim. of آءٌ: see the letter ا.

آوِ or آوٍ: see 2.

A2: آوٍ [the part. n. of 1] has for its pl. أُوِىٌّ [like one of the inf. ns. of 1]. (T, S.) The latter is applied to birds, signifying Collecting, or flocking, together; (T, S, M, * K; *) syn. ↓ مُتَأَوِّيَةٌ (Lth, T) and مُتَأَوِّيَاتٌ. (Lth, T, S, M, K.) اِبْنُ آوَى, a determinate noun, (S, M,) [The jackal; vulgarly called in the present day وَاوِى;] a certain small beast, (M, K,) called in Persian شَغَالْ, (S,) or in that language [or in Turkish]

چَقَالْ: (TA:) it has been said to be the offspring of the wolf; but is well known to be not of the wolf-kind: (Msb;) آوَى is inseparable from ابن: (M:) it is imperfectly decl., (T, S, Msb,) being of the measure أَفْعَلُ, (S,) or regarded as such; (Lth, T;) or because it has the quality of a proper name and the measure of a verb : (Msb :) the pl. is بَنَاتُ آوَى, (T, S, Msb, K,) though applying to males [as well as females], like بَنَاتُ أَعْوَجَ and بَنَاتُ لَبُون. (AHeyth, T.) آوِىٌ and أَوَوِىٌّ, said to be rel. ns. of آيَةٌ; which see, in, art. اى.

آيَةٌ, said by some to be originally أَوَيَةٌ:see art. ا ى.

مَأْوًى (S, M, Msb, K) and ↓ مَأْوٍ and ↓ مَأْوَاهٌ (M, K [but respecting these two forms see what follows]) nouns of place from the first of the verbs in this art.; (M, K;) [A place to which one betakes himself, or repairs, for lodging, covert, or refuge; a refuge; an asylum; a place of resort; (see 1;)] any place to which a thing betakes itself, &c., (يَأْوِى إِلَيْهِ,) by night or. by day; (S;) the lodging-place, or abode, of any animal; the nightly resting-place of sheep or goats; (Msb;) and of camels: (Idem in art. روح:) ↓ مَأْوٍ is used peculiarly in relation to camels: (S;) مَأْوِى الإِبِلِ being a dial. var. of مَأْوَى الإِبِلِ, but anomalous, (Fr, T, S, Msb,) and the only instance of the kind except مَأْقِى العَيْنِ: (Fr, T, M: [but see art. مأق:]) مَأْوَى and مُؤْق and مَأْق are the forms preferred: (Fr, T:) [Az also says,] I have heard the chaste in speech of the Benoo-Kiláb use, for مَأْوَى الإِبِلِ, the word ↓ مَأْوَاة. (T.) جَنَّةُ المَأْوَى, in the Kur [liii. 15], is said to mean The paradise to which repair the souls of the martyrs, (M, Bd, Jel, TA,) or the pious, (Bd, Jel,) or the angels: (Jel:) or that in which the night is passed. (TA.) مَأْوٍ: see مَأْوًى, in four places.

مَأْوَاةٌ: see مَأْوًى, in four places.

مَاوِيَّةٌ: see art. موه.

مُتَأَوِّيَةٌ: see آوٍ.

ام

1 أَمَّهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (T, M, Msb,) inf. n. أَمٌّ, (T, S, M, Msb,) He tended, repaired, betook himself, or directed his course, to, or towards, him, or it; aimed at, sought, endeavoured after, pursued, or endeavoured to reach or attain or obtain, him, or it; intended it, or purposed it; syn. قَصَدَهُ, (Lth, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and تَوَخَّاهُ, (T,) and تَعَمَّدَهُ, (Mgh,) and تَوَجَّهَ إِلَيْهِ; (TA;) as also ↓ أَمَّمَهُ, and ↓ تأمّمهُ, (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ ائتمّهُ, (M, K,) and ↓ يَمَّمّهُ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ تَيَمَّمَهُ; (T, M, Mgh, K;) the last two being formed by substitution [of ى for أ]. (M.) Hence, يَااَللّٰهُ أُمَّنَا بِخَيْرٍ [O God, bring us good]. (JK in art. اله, and Bd in iii. 25.) and لَأَمَّ مَا هُوَ, occurring in a trad., meaning He has indeed betaken himself to, or pursued, the right way: or it is used in a pass. sense, as meaning he is in the way which ought to be pursued. (TA.) And رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ ↓ انْطَلَقْتُ أَتَأَمَّمُ, in another trad., I went away, betaking myself to the Apostle of God. (TA.) Hence, also, تَيَمَّمَ ↓ الصَّعِيدَ لِلصَّلَاهِ [He betook himself to dust, or pure dust, to wipe his face and his hands and arms therewith, for prayer]: (T, * M, * Mgh, TA:) as in the Kur iv. 46 and v. 9: (ISk, M, TA:) whence الَّتَّيَمُّمُ as meaning the wiping the face and the hands and arms with dust; (ISk, T, * M, * Mgh, TA;) i. e. the performing the act termed تَوَضُّؤٌ with dust: formed by substitution [of ى for آ]: (M, K:) originally التَّأَمُّمُ. (K.) b2: See also 8.

A2: أَمَّهُ, (S, M, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, Mgh,) inf. n. أَمٌّ, (M, Mgh, K,) He broke his head, so as to cleave the skin, (S, Msb,) inflicting a wound such as is termed آمَّة [q. v.]; (S;) [i. e.] he struck, (M, Mgh, K,) or wounded, (M, K,) the أُمّ [q. v.] of his head, (M, Mgh, K,) with a staff, or stick. (Mgh.) A3: أَمَّهُمْ (S, M, K) and أَمَّ بِهِمْ, (M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. إِمَامَةٌ, (S, [but in the M and K it seems to be indicated that this is a simple subst.,]) He preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; or led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation; syn. تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (M, K;) [and particularly] فِى الصَّلَاةِ [in prayer]. (S.) And أَمَّهُ and بِهِ أَمَّ He prayed as إِمَام [q. v.] with him. (Msb.) And أَمَّ الصُّفُوفَ He became [or acted as] إِمَام to the people composing the ranks [in a mosque &c.]. (Har p. 680.) You say also, لَا يَؤُمُّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِى سُلْطَانِهِ [A man shall not take precedence of a man in his authority]; meaning, in his house, and where he has predominance, or superior power, or authority; nor shall he sit upon his cushion; for in doing so he would show him contempt. (Mgh in art. سلط.) A2: أَمَّتٌ, (S, M, K,) [first Pers\. أَمُمْتُ,] aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. أُمُومَةٌ, (M, K,) She (a woman, S) became a mother; (S, M, K;) [as also أَمَّتٌ having for its first Pers\. أَمِمْتُ, aor. ـَ for] you say, مَا كُنْتِ أُمَّا وَلَقَدْ أَمِمْتِ [Thou wast not a mother, and thou hast become a mother], (S, M, K, [in the last فَأَمِمْتِ,]) with kesr, (K,) inf. n. أُمُومَةٌ. (S, M, K.) b2: أَمَمْتُهُ I was to him a mother. (A in art. ربض.) IAar, speaking of a woman, said, كَانَتْ لَهَا عَمَّةٌ تَؤُمُّهَا, meaning [She had, lit. there was to her, a paternal aunt] who was to her like the mother. (M.) 2 أَمَّمَهُ and يَمَّمَهُ: see 1, first sentence, in two places.3 آمّهُ It agreed with it, neither exceeding nor falling short. (M.) b2: [See also the part. n. مُؤَامٌّ, voce أَمَمٌ; whence it seems that there are other senses in which آمَّ may be used, intransitively.]5 تَأَمَّمَ and تَيَمَّمَ: see 1, former part, in four places.

A2: تأمّم بِهِ: see 8.

A3: تَمَّمْتُ I took for myself, or adopted, a mother. (S.) And تَأَمَّمَهَا He took her for himself, or adopted her, as a mother; (S, * M, K;) as also ↓ استآمّها, (M, K,) and تَأَمَّهَهَا. (M.) 8 ائتمّهُ [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَّهُ]: see 1, first sentence.

A2: ائتمّ بِهِ He followed his example; he imitated him; he did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ أَمَّهُ: (Bd in xvi. 121:) the object of the verb is termed إِمَامٌ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to a learned man, (Msb,) or a head, chief, or leader, or some other person. (M, K.) He made it an أُمَّة or إِمَّة [i. e. a way, course, or rule, of life or conduct; as explained immediately before in the work whence this is taken]; as also به ↓ تأمّم. (M.) You say, ائتمّ بِالشَّيْءِ and ائْتَمَى به, by substitution [of ى for م], (M, K,) disapproving of the doubling [of the م]. (M.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَ3َ see 5.

أَمْ is a conjunction, (S, M, K,) connected with what precedes it (Msb, Mughnee) so that neither what precedes it nor what follows it is independent, the one of the other. (Mughnee.) It denotes interrogation; (M, K;) or is used in a case of interrogation, (S, Msb,) corresponding to the interrogative أَ, and meaning أَىّ, (S,) or, as Z says, أَىُّ الأَمْرَيْنِ كَائِنٌ; [for an explanation of which, see what follows;] (Mughnee;) or, [in other words,] corresponding to the interrogative أَ, whereby, and by أَمْ, one seeks, or desires, particularization: (Mughnee:) it is as though it were an interrogative after an interrogative. (Lth, T.) Thus you say, أَزَيُدٌ فِى الدَّارِ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Is Zeyd in the house, or 'Amr?]; (S, Mughnee;) i. e. which of them two (أَيُّهُمَا) is in the house? (S;) therefore what follows ام and what precedes it compose one sentence; and it is not used in commanding nor in forbidding; and what follows it must correspond to what precedes it in the quality of noun and of verb; so that you say, أَزَيْدٌ قَائِمٌ أَمع قَاعِدٌ [Is Zeyd standing, or sitting?] and أَقَامَ زَيْدٌ أَمْ قَعَدَ [Did Zeyd stand, or sit?]. (Msb.) It is not to be coupled with أَ after it: you may not say, أَعِنْدَكَ زَيْدٌ أَمْ أَعِنْدَكَ عَمْرٌو. (S.) b2: As connected in like manner with what goes before, it is preceded by أَ denoting equality [by occurring after سَوَآءٌ &c.], and corresponds thereto, as in [the Kur lxiii. 6,] سَوَآءُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَسْتَغْفَرْتَ لَهُمٌ لَمٌ تَسْتَغُفِرْ لَهُمٌ [It will be equal to them whether thou beg forgiveness for them or do not beg forgiveness for them]. (Mughnee.) b3: It is also unconnected with what precedes it, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) implying always digression, (Mughnee,) preceded by an enunciative, or an interrogative, (S, Msb, Mughnee,) other than أَ, (Mughnee,) or by أَ not meant [really] as an interrogative but to denote disapproval, (Mughnee,) and signifies بَلْ, (Lth, Zj, T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) or بَلْ and أَ together, (Msb,) and this is its meaning always accord. to all the Basrees, but the Koofees deny this. (Mughnee.) Thus, using it after an enunciative, you say, إِنَّهَا لَإِبِلٌ أَمْ شَآءٌ [Verily they are camels: nay, or nay but, they are sheep, or goats: or nay, are they sheep, or goats?]: (S Msb, Mughnee:) this being said when one looks at a bodily form, and imagines it to be a number of camels, and says what first occurs to him; then the opinion that it is a number of sheep or goats suggests itself to him, and he turns from the first idea, and says, أَمْ شَآءٌ, meaning بَلْ, because it is a digression from what precedes it; though what follows بل is [properly] a thing known certainly, and what follows ام is opined. (S, TA.) And using it after an interrogative in this case, you say, هَلْ زيْدٌ مُنْطَلِقٌ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Is Zeyd going away? Nay rather, or, or rather, is 'Amr?]: you digress from the question respecting Zeyd's going away, and make the question to relate to 'Amr; so that ام implies indecisive opinion, and interrogation, and digression. (S.) And thus using it, you say, هَلْ زَيْدٌ قَامَ أَمْ عَمْرٌو [Did Zeyd stand? Nay rather, or or rather, did 'Amr?]. (Msb.) And an ex. of the same is the saying [in the Kur xiii. 17], هَلْ يَسْتَوِى الْأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ أَمْ هَلْ تَسْتَوِى الظُّلُمَاتُ وَالنُّورُ [Are the blind and the seeing equal? Or rather are darkness and light equal?]. (Mughnee.) And an ex. of it preceded by أَ used to denote disapproval is the saying [in the Kur vii. 194], أَلَهُمْ أَرْجُلٌ يَمْشُونَ بِهَا أَمْ لَهُمْ أَيْدٍ يَبْطِشُونَ بِهَا [Have they feet, to walk therewith? Or have they hands to assault therewith?]: for أَ is here equivalent to a negation. (Mughnee.) [It has been shown above that] أَمْ is sometimes introduced immediately before هَلْ: (S, K:) but IB says that this is when هل occurs in a phrase next before it; [as in the ex. from the Kur xiii. 17, cited above;] and in this case, the interrogative meaning of ام is annulled; it being introduced only to denote a digression. (TA.) b4: It is also used as a simple interrogative; accord. to the assertion of AO; in the sense of هَلْ; (Mughnee;) or in the sense of the interrogative أَ; (Lth, T, K) as in the saying, أَمْ عِنْدَكَ غَدَآءِ حَاضِرٌ, meaning Hast thou a morning-meal ready? a good form of speech used by the Arabs; (Lth, T;) and allowable when preceded by another phrase. (T.) b5: And sometimes it is redundant; (Az, T, S, Mughnee, K) in the dial. of the people of El-Yemen; (T;) as in the saying, يَا دَهْنَ أَمْ مَا كَانَ مَشْيِى رقَصَا بَلْ قَدْ تَكُونُ مِشْيَتِى تَوَقُّصَا (T, S, * [in the latter, يا هِنْدُ, and only the former hemistich is given,]) meaning O Dahnà, (the curtailed form دَهْنَ being used for دَهْنَآء,) my walking was not, as now in my age, [a feeble movement like] dancing: but in my youth, my manner of walking used to be a bounding: (T:) this is accord. to the opinion of Az: but accord. to another opinion, ام is here [virtually] conjoined with a preceding clause which is suppressed; as though the speaker had said, يَا دَهْنَ أَكَانَ مَشْيِى رَقَصَّا أَمْ مَا كَانَ كَذلِكَ. (A 'Hát, TA.) A2: It is also used (T, Mughnee) in the dial. of the people of El-Yemen, (T,) or of Teiyi and Himyer, (Mughnee,) in the sense of ال, (T,) to render a noun determinate. (Mughnee.) So in the trad., لَيْسَ مِنَ امْبِرّ امْصِيامُ فِى امْسَفَرِ, (T, Mughnee,) i. e. الَيْسَ مِنَ البِرِّ الصِّيَامُ فِى السَّفَرِ [Fasting in journeying is not an act of obedience to God]. (T, and M in art. بر.) So too in the trad., اَلْآنَ طَابَ امْضَرْبُ Now fighting has become lawful; as related accord. to the dial. of Himyer, for الضَّرْبُ. (TA in art. طيب.) It has been said that this form ام is only used in those cases in which the ل of the article does not become incorporated into the first letter of the noun to which it is prefixed; as in the phrase, خُذِ الرُّمْحَ وَارْكَبِ امْفَرَسَ [Take thou the spear, and mount the mare, or horse], related as heard in El-Yemen; but this usage may be peculiar to some of the people of that country; not common to all of them; as appears from what we have cited above. (Mughnee.) A3: أَمَ for أَمَا, before an oath: see art. اما.

A4: And أَمَ اللّٰهِ and أَمُ اللّٰهِ &c.: see أَيْمُنُ اللّٰهِ, in art. يمن.

أُمٌّ A mother (T, S, M, Msb, K, &c.) [of a human being and] of any animal; (IAar, T;) as also ↓إِمٌّ, (Sb, M, Msb, K) and ↓إُمَّةٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) and ↓أُمَّهَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) which last is the original form (S, Msb) accord. to some, (Msb,) or the ه in this is augmentative (M, Msb) accord. to others: (Msb:) the pl. is أُمَّهَاتٌ (Lth, T, S, M, Msb, K) and أُمَّاتٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) or the former is applied to human beings, and the latter to beasts; (T, S;) or the former to rational beings, and the latter to irrational; (M, K;) or the former is much applied to human beings, and the latter to others, for the sake of distinction; (Msb;) but the reverse is sometimes the case: (IB:) IDrst and others hold the latter to be of weak authority: (TA:) the dim. of أُمٌّ is ↓ أُمَيْمَةٌ (T, S, K) accord. to some of the Arabs; but correctly, [accord. to those who hold the original form of أُمٌّ to be أُمَّهَةٌ,] it is ↓ أُمَيْمِهَةٌ. (Lth, T, TA. [In a copy of the T, I find this latter form of the dim. written اميهة.]) b2: أُمَّ لَكَ denotes dispraise; (S;) being used by the Arabs as meaning Thou hast no free, or ingenuous, mother; because the sons of female slaves are objects of dispraise with the Arabs; and is only said in anger and reviling: (A Heyth, T:) or, as some say, it means thou art one who has been picked up as a foundling, having no Known mother: (TA:) [or] it is also sometimes used in praise; (A 'Obeyd, T, S, K;) and is used as an imprecation without the desire of its being fulfilled upon the person addressed, being said in vehemence of love; [lit. meaning mayest thou have no mother!], like ثَكِلَتْكَ أُمُّكَ, and لَا أَبَا لَكَ, [and قَاتَلَكَ اللّٰهُ,] &c. (Har p. 165.) b3: Some elide the ا of أُمّ; as in the saying of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd.

أَيُّهَا العَائِبُ عِنْدِمَّ زَيْدٍ

[O thou who art blaming in my presence the mother of Zeyd]; meaning, عِنْدِى أُمَّ زَيْدٍ; the ى of عندى being also elided on account of the occurrence of two quiescent letters [after the elision of the ا of أُمّ]: (Lth, T, S:) and as in the phrase وَيْلُمِّهِ, (S,) which means وَيْلٌ لِأُمِّهِ. (S, and K in art. ويل, q. v.) b4: هُمَا أُمَّاكّ means They two are thy two parents: or thy mother and thy maternal aunt. (K.) [But] فَدَّاهُ بِأُمَّيْهِ is said to mean [He expressed a wish that he (another) might be ransomed with] his mother and his grandmother. (TA.) b5: One says also, لَا تَفْعَلِى ↓ يَا أُمَّتِ [O my mother, do not thou such a thing], and [in like manner] يَا أَبَتِ افْعَلْ; making the sign of the fem. gender a substitute for the [pronominal] affix ى; and in a case of pause, you say يَا أُمَّهْ. (S.) b6: And one says, مَا أُمِّى وَأُمُّهُ, and مَا شَكْلِى وَشَكْلُهُ, meaning [What relationship have I to him, or it? or what concern have I with him, or it? or] what is my case and [what is] his or its, case? because of his, or its, remoteness from me: whence, (T,) وَمَا أُمِّى وَأُمُّ الوَحْشِ لَمَّا تَفَرَّعَ فِى مَفَارِقِىَ الْمَشِيبُ [And what concern have I with the wild animals when hoariness hath spread in the places where my hair parts?]; (T, S;) i. e. مَا أَنَاوَطَلَبُ الوَحْشِ بَعْدَ مَا كَبِرْتُ [i. e. مَا أمْرِي وَطَلَبُ الوَحْشِ: in one copy of the S, وَطَلَبَ, i. e. with وَ as a prep. denoting concomitance, and therefore governing the accus. case: both readings virtually meaning what concern have I with the pursuing of the wild animals after I have grown old?]: he means, the girls: and the mention of أُمّ in the verse is superfluous. (S.) b7: أُمٌّ also relates to inanimate things that have growth; as in أُمُّ الشَّجَرَةِ [The mother of the tree]; and أُمُّ النَّخْلَةِ [the mother of the palm-tree]; and أُمُّ المَوْزِةَ [the mother of the banana-tree; of which see an ex. in art. موز]; and the like. (M, TA.) b8: and it signifies also The source, origin, foundation, or basis, (S, M, Msb, K,) of a thing, (S, Msb, [in the former of which, this is the first of the meanings assigned to the word,]) or of anything; (M, K) its stay, support, or efficient cause of subsistence. (M, K.) b9: Anything to which other things are collected together, or adjoined: (IDrd, M, K:) anything to which the other things that are next thereto are collected together, or adjoined: (Lth, T:) the main, or chief, part of a thing; the main body thereof: and that which is a compriser, or comprehender, of [other] things: (Ham p. 44:) the place of collection, comprisal, or comprehension, of a thing; the place of combination thereof. (En-Nadr, T.) b10: And hence, (IDrd, M,) The head, or chief, of a people, or company of men; (IDrd, S, M, K;) because others collect themselves together to him: (IDrd, TA:) so in the phrase أُمُّ عِيَالٍ [lit. the mother of a household], in a poem of Esh-Shenfarà: (IDrd, M:) or in this instance, it has the signification next following, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee. (T.) b11: A man who has the charge of the food and service of a people, or company of men; accord. to EshSháfi'ee: (T:) or their servant. (K.) b12: A man's aged wife. (IAar, T, K.) b13: A place of habitation or abode. (K.) So in the Kur [ci. 6], فَأُمُّهُ هَاوِيَةٌ His place of habitation or abode [shall be] the fire [of Hell]: (Bd, Jel, TA:) or, as some say, the meaning is أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ هَاوِيَةٌ فِيهَا [his brain shall fall into it, namely, the fire of Hell]. (TA.) b14: The ensign, or standard, which an army follows. (S.) [See أُمُّ الرُّمْحِ, below.] b15: It is said in a trad., respecting the prophets, أُمَّهَا تُهُمْ شَتَّى, meaning that, though their religion is one, their laws, or ordinances, or statutes, are various, or different: or the meaning is, their times are various, or different. (TA in art. شت.) b16: See also أُمَّةٌ, in two places. b17: أُمّ is also prefixed to nouns significant of many things. (M.) [Most of the compounds thus formed will be found explained in the arts. to which belong the nouns that occupy the second place. The following are among the more common, and are therefore here mentioned, with the meanings assigned to them in lexicons in the present art., and arranged in distinct classes.] b18: أُمُّ الرَّجُلِ The man's wife; and the person who manages the affairs of his house or tent. (TA.) And أُمُّ مَثْوَى الرَّجُلِ The man's wife, to whom he betakes himself for lodging, or abode: (T:) the mistress of the man's place of abode. (S, M.) b19: أُمُّ عَامِرٍ The hyena, or female hyena; as also أُمُّ عَمْرٍو; (TA;) and أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ. (S, TA. [See also other significations of the first and last below.]) أُمُّ حِلْسٍ [or أُمُّ الحِلْسِ (as in the S and K in art. حلَس)] The she-ass. (TA.) أُمُّ البَيْضِ The female ostrich. (S, K.) b20: أُمُّ الرَّأُسِ The brain: (T, M, K:) or the thin skin that is upon it: (IDrd, M, K:) or the bag in which is the brain: (T:) or the skin that comprises the brain; [the meninx, or dura mater and pia mater;] (S, Mgh;) which is called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ (S, Msb) likewise. (S.) b21: أُمُّ النُّجُومِ The Milky way; (S, M, K) because it is the place where the stars are collected together [in great multitude]: (M:) or, as some say, the sun; which is the greatest of the stars. (Ham pp. 43 and 44.) Because of the multitude of the stars in the Milky way, one says, مَا أَشْبَهَ مَجْلِسَــكَ بِأُمِّ النُّجُومِ (assumed tropical:) [How like is thine assembly to the Milky way!]. (TA.) b22: أُمُّ القُرَى [The mother of the towns; the metropolis: particularly] Mekkeh; (T, S, M, K) because asserted to be in the middle of the earth; (M, K;) or because it is the Kibleh of all men, and thither they repair; (M, K; *) or because it is the greatest of towns in dignity: (M, K:) and every city is the أُمّ of the towns around it. (T.) أُمُّ التَّنَائِفِ The most difficult of deserts or of waterless deserts: (T:) or a desert, or waterless desert, (S, K,) far extending. (S.) أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ (T, S, M) and أُمَّةٌ ↓ الطَّرِيقِ (M, K) The main part [or track] of the road: (T, S, M, K:) when it is a great road or track, with small roads or tracks around it [or on either side], the greatest is so called. (T. [The former has also another signification, mentioned above.]) أُمُّ عَامِرٍ The cemetery, or place of graves. (T. [This, also, has another signification, mentioned before.]) أُمُّ الرُّمْحِ The ensign, or standard; (M, K;) also called أُمُّ الحَرْبِ; (TA;) [and simply الأُمُّ, as shown above;] and the piece of cloth which is wound upon the spear. (T, M. *) أُمُّ جَابِرٍ Bread: and also the ear of corn. (T.) أُمُّ الخَبَائِثِ [The mother of evil qualities or dispositions; i. e.] wine. (T.) أُمُّ الكِتَابِ [in the Kur iii. 5 and xiii. 39] (S, M, &c.) The original of the book or scripture [i. e. of the Kur-án]: (Zj, M, K:) or the Preserved Tablet, اللَّوْحُ المَحْفُوظُ: (M, Msb, K:) or it signifies, (M, K,) or signifies also, (Msb,) the opening chapter of the Kur-án; the فَاتِحَة; (M, Msb, K;) because every prayer begins therewith; (M;) as also أُمُّ القُرْآنِ: (Msb, K:) or the former, the whole of the Kur-án, (I'Ab, K,) from its beginning to its end: (TA:) and the latter, every plain, or explicit, verse of the Kur-án, of those which relate to laws and statutes and obligatory ordinances. (T, K.) أُمُّ الشَّرِّ Every evil upon the face of the earth: and أُمُّ الخَيْرِ every good upon the face of the earth. (T.) إِمُّ: see أُمٌّ, first sentence.

أَمَّةٌ: see آمَّةٌ.

أُمَّةٌ A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or the like; (Az, S;) as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ: (Az, S, K:) Fr assigns this meaning to the latter, and that next following to the former: (T:) a way, course, or rule, of life, or conduct; (Fr, T, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ. (M, K.) b2: Religion; as also ↓ إِمَّةٌ: (Az, S, M, K: [one of the words by which this meaning is expressed in the M and K is شِرْعَة; for which Golius found in the K سرعة:]) one course, which people follow, in religion. (T.) You say, فُلَانٌ لَا أُمَّةَ لَهُ Such a one has no religion; no religious persuasion. (S.) And a poet says, وَهَلْ يَسْتَوِى ذُو أُمَّةٍ وَكَفُورُ [And are one who has religion and one who is an infidel equal?]. (S.) b3: Obedience [app. to God]. (T, M, K.) A2: The people of a [particular] religion: (Akh, S:) a people to whom an apostle is sent, (M, K,) unbelievers and believers; such being called his أُمَّة: (M:) any people called after a prophet are said to be his أُمَّة: (Lth, T:) the followers of the prophet: pl. أُمَمٌ. (T, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 209], كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةٍ واحِدَةً, meaning Mankind was [a people] of one religion. (Zj, T, TA.) b2: A nation; a people; a race; a tribe, distinct body, or family; (Lth, T, M, K;) of mankind; (Lth, T;) or of any living beings; as also ↓ أُمٌّ: (M, K:) a collective body [of men or other living beings]; (T, S;) a sing. word with a pl. meaning: (Akh, S:) a kind, genus, or generical class, (T, S, M, K,) by itself, (T,) of any animals, or living beings, (T, S, M, TA,) others than the sons of Adam, (T,) as of dogs, (T, S, M,) and of other beasts, and of birds; (T, M, * TA;) as also ↓ أُمٌّ; (M, K;) pl. of the former أُمَمٌ; (S, M;) which occurs in a trad. as relating to dogs; (S;) and in the Kur vi. 38, as relating to beasts and birds. (T, M, * TA.) b3: A man's people, community, tribe, kinsfolk, or party; (M, K, TA;) his company. (TA.) b4: A generation of men; or people of one time: pl. أُمَمٌ: as in the saying, قَدْ مَضَتْ أُمَمٌ Generations of men have passed away. (T.) b5: The creatures of God. (M, K.) You say, مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ أُمَّةِ اللّٰهِ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ [I have not seen, of the creatures of God, one more beautiful than he]. (M.) A3: I. q. إِمَامٌ; (T, M, K;) accord. to A 'Obeyd, applied in this sense to Abraham, in the Kur xvi. 121. (T.) b2: A righteous man who is an object of imitation. (T.) b3: One who follows the true religion, holding, or doing, what is different from, or contrary to, all other religions: (M, K:) [said to be] thus applied to Abraham, ubi suprà. (M.) b4: One who is known for goodness: (Fr, T:) and so explained by Ibn-Mes'ood as applied to Abraham: (TA:) or, so applied, it has the signification next following: (TA:) a man combining all kinds of good qualities: (T, M, K:) or, as some say, repaired to: or imitated. (Bd:) b5: A learned man: (T, M, K:) one who has no equal: (T:) the learned man of his age, or time, who is singular in his learning: (Msb:) and one who is alone in respect of religion. (T.) A4: See also إُمٌّ, first sentence. Hence, يَاأُمَّتِ which see in the same paragraph.

A5: The stature of a man; tallness, and beauty of stature; or justness of stature; syn. قَامَةٌ; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and شَطَاطً: (M, TA: [in the K, the signification of نَشَاطٌ is assigned to it; but this is evidently a mistake for شَطَاطٍ; for the next three significations before the former of these words in the K are the same as the next three before the latter of them in the M; and the next five after the former word in the K are the same as the next five after the latter in the M, with only this difference, that one of these five is the first of them in the M and the third of them in the K:]) pl. أُمَمٌ. (T, S, M. *) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الأُمَّةِ, i. e. الشَّطَاطِ [Verily he is beautiful in justness of stature]. (M.) And El-Aashà says, حِسَانُ الوُجُوهِ طِوَالُ الأُمَمْ [Beautiful in respect of the faces,] tall in respect of the statures. (T, S, M. * [In the last, بيضُ الوُجُوهِ.]) b2: The face. (T, M, K.) b3: أُمَّةُ الآوَجْهِ The form of the face: (Az, T:) or the principal part thereof; (M, K;) the part thereof in which beauty is usually known to lie. (M) You say, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ أُمَّةِ الآوَجْهِ Verily he is beautiful in the form of the face: and إِنَّهُ لآَقَبِيحُ أُمَّةِ الآوَجْهِ verily he is ugly in the form of the face. (Az, T.) b4: أُمَّةُ الطَّرِيقِ: see أُمٌّ.

A6: A time; a period of time; a while. (T, S, M, K.) So in the Kur [xii. 45], وَادَّكَرَ بَعْدَ أُمَّةٍ [And he remembered, or became reminded, after a time]: (S, M:) or, after a long period of time: but some read ↓ إِمَّةٍ, i. e., after favour had been shown him, in his escape: and some read أَمَةٍ, i. e., forgetting. (Bd.) and so in the same [xi. 11], وَلَئِنْ أخَّرْنَا عَنْهُمُ العَذَابَ

إِلآَى أُمَّةٍ مَعْدُودَة [And verily, if we kept back from them the punishment] until a short period of time. (S * Bd.) إِمَّةٌ: see أُمَّةٌ, in three places; first and second sentences. b2: I. q. ↓ إِمَامَةٌ (K) [i. e. The office of إِمَام, q. v. : or] the acting as, or performing the office of, إِمَام: (T in explanation of إِمَّةٌ, and M and Msb in explanation of إِمَامَةٌ:) and the mode, or manner, of performing that office. (T.) b3: I. q. هَيْئَةٌ (Lh, M, K) and شَأْنٌ (M, K) and حَالٌ (M) and حَالَةٌ (M, K) [all as meaning State, condition, or case: or by the first may be here meant external state or condition; form, or appearance; or state with respect to apparel and the like]. b4: An easy and ample state of life; (T;) easiness, or pleasantness of life; ampleness of the conveniences of life, or of the means of subsistence; ease and enjoyment; plenty; prosperity; welfare. (IAar, M, K. *) You say of an old man when he has strength remaining, فُلَانٌ بِإِمَّةٍ, meaning Such a one is returning to a state of well-being and ease and enjoyment. (TA.) b5: Dominion; mastership; authority. (Fr, T, IKtt.) b6: A blessing, or what God bestows upon one; a benefit, benefaction, favour, or boon; a cause of happiness; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) as being that which men aim at, pursue, or endeavour to obtain, (T.) See أُمَّةٌ, last sentence but one.

A2: Accord. to IKtt, it signifies also i. q. أَمَمٌ [but in what sense is not said]. (TA.) أَمَمٌ Nearness. (S, M, K.) b2: [Near; nigh.] You say, أَخَذْتُ ذلِكَ مِنْ أَمَمٍ I took that from near; from nigh. (S, TA.) And دَارُكُمْ أَمَمٌ Your house is near, or nigh. (M, TA.) and هُوَ أَمَمٌ مِنْكَ He, or it, is near to thee: and in like manner you say of two: (M, TA:) and of a pl. number. (S, M, TA.) And دَارِى أَمَمَ دَارِهِ My house is opposite to, facing, or in front of, his house. (S.) b3: Easy: (S, M, K:) near at hand; near to be reached, or laid hold of. (T, TA.) b4: Between near and distant. (ISk, T, S.) b5: Conforming, or conformable, to the just mean: (M, K: *) and ↓ مُؤَامٌّ, (AA, T, S, M, K,) [in form] like مُضَارٌّ, (S,) originally مُؤَامِمٌ, (TA,) the same; (T;) of a middle, or middling, kind or sort; neither exceeding, nor falling short of, what is right; (AA, T, S, M;) applied to an affair, or a case, (T, S,) and a thing [of any kind]; (S;) as also ↓ مُؤَمٌّ; (TA;) and convenient, or suitable: (M, K:) and أَمَمٌ and ↓ مُؤَامٌّ both signify an affair, or a case, that is manifest, clear, or plain, (M, K,) not exceeding the due bounds or limits. (M.) الأَمَامُ The location that is before; (M, Msb, * K;) contr. of الوَرَآءُ. (M, K.) It is used [absolutely] as a noun, and adverbially, (M, Msb, * K,) necessarily prefixed to another noun: (Mgh:) and is fem., (Ks, M,) and sometimes mase.: (M, K:) or it is mase., and sometimes fem. as meaning the جِهَة: or, as Zj says, they differ as to making it masc. and making it fem. (Msb.) You say, كُنْتُ أَمَامَهُ I was before him, in respect of place. (S.) In the saying of Mohammad, to Usámeh, الصلَاةُ أَمَامَكَ, the meaning is The time of prayer [is before thee], or the place thereof; and by the prayer is meant the prayer of sunset. (Mgh.) You also say, أَمَامَكَ [i. c. Look before thee; meaning beware thou; or take thou note;] when you caution another, (M, K,) or notify him, of a thing. (M.) إِمَامٌ A person, (S, Mgh,) or learned man, (Msb,) whose example is followed, or who is imitated; (S, Mgh, Msb;) any exemplar, or object of imitation, (T, M, K,) to a people, or company of men, (T,) such as a head, chief, or leader, or some other person, (M, K,) whether they be following the right way or be erring therefrom: (T:) applied alike to a male and to a female: (Mgh, Msb:) applied to a female, it occurs in a phrase in which it is written by some with ة: (Mgh:) but this is said to be a mistake: (Msb:) it is correctly without ة, because it is a subst., not an epithet: (Mgh, Msb:) or it is allowable with ة, because it implies the meaning of an epithet: (Msb:) and ↓ أُمَّةٌ signifies the same: (T, M, K:) the pl. of the former is أَيِمَّةْ, (T, S, M, K, [but omitted in the CK,]) originally أَأْمِمَةٌ, (T, S,) of the measure أَفعِلَةٌ, like أَمْثِلَةٌ, pl. of مِثَالٌ, (T,) but as two meems come together, the former is incorporated into the latter, and its vowel is transferred to the hemzeh before it, which hemzeh, being thus pronounced with kesr, is changed into ى; (T, S; *) or it is thus changed because difficult to pronounce; (M;) or, as Akh says, because it is with kesr and is preceded by another hemzeh with fet-h: (S:) but some pronounce it أَئِمَّةٌ, (Akh, T, S, M, K,) namely, those who hold that two hemzehs may occur together; (Akh, S;) the Koofees reading it thus in the Kur ix. 12; (M;) but this is anomalous: (M, K:) it is mentioned as on the authority of Aboo-Is-hák, and [Az says,] I do not say that it is not allowable, but the former is the preferable: (T:) or the pl. is أَئِمَّةٌ, originally أَأْمِمَةٌ like أَمْثِلَةٌ: one of the two meems being incorporated into the other after the transfer of its vowel to the hemzeh [next before it]; some of the readers of the Kur pronouncing the [said] hemzeh with its true sound; some softening it, agreeably with analogy, in the manner termed بَيْنَ بَيْنَ; and some of the grammarians changing it into ى; but some of them reckon this incorrect, saying that there is no analogical reason for it: (Msb:) and accord. to some, (M,) its pl. is also إِمَامُ, (M, K,) like the sing., (K,) occurring in the Kur xxv. 74; (M;) not of the same category as عَدْلٌ (M, K) and رِضَّى, (M,) because they sometimes said إِمَامَانِ, but a broken pl.: (M, K: *) or, accord. to A 'Obeyd, it is in this instance a sing. denoting a pl.: (M, S: *) or it is pl. of آمٌّ, [which is originally آمِمْ,] like as صِحَابٌ is pl. of صَاحِبٌ: (M:) the dim. of أَيِمَّةٌ is ↓ أُوَيْمَّةْ; or, as El-Mázinee says, ↓ أُيَيْمَّةٌ. (S.) b2: الإمَامُ also signifies The Prophet: (K:) he is called إِمَامُ [the exemplar, object of imitation, leader, or head, of his nation, or people]; (T;) or إِمَامُ الأمَّةِ [the exemplar, &c., of the nation, or people]; (M;) it being incumbent on all to imitate his rule of life or conduct. (T.) b3: The Khaleefeh: (Msb, K:) he is called إمَامُ الرَّعِيَّةِ [the exemplar, &c., of the people, or subjects]. (M.) The title of الإمَامُ is still applied to the Kings of El-Yemen: Aboo-Bekr says, you say, فُلَانٌ إِمَامُ القَوْمِ, meaning such a one is the first in authority over the people, or company of men: and إِمَامُ المَسْلِمِينَ means the head, chief, or leader, of the Muslims. (TA.) b4: The person whose example is followed, or who is imitated, [i. e. the leader,] in prayer. (Msb.) b5: [The leading authority, or head, of a persuasion, or sect. The four أيِمَّة or أَئِمَّة are the heads of the four principal persuasions, or sects, of the Sunnees; namely, the Hanafees, Sháfi'ees, Málikees, and Hambelees. And the Hanafees call the two chief doctors of their persuasion, after Aboo-Haneefeh, namely, Aboo-Yoosuf and Mohammad, الإِمَامَانِ The two Imáms.] b6: The leader of an army. (M, K.) b7: The guide: (K:) he is called إِمَامُ الإِبِلِ [the leader of the travellers]. (M.) b8: The conductor, or driver, of camels (M, K) is called إِمَامُ الإِبِلِ, though he be behind them, because he guides them. (M.) b9: The manager, or conductor, and right disposer, orderer, or rectifier, of anything. (M, K. *) b10: The Kur-án (M, K) is called إِمَامُ المُسْلِمينَ [the guide of the Muslims]; (M;) because it is an exemplar. (TA.) [The model-copy, or standard-copy, of the Kur-án, namely the copy of the Khaleefeh 'Othmán, is particularly called الإِمَامُ.] b11: [The scripture of any people: and, without the article, a book, or written record.] It is said in the Kur [xvii. 73], يَوْمَ نَدْعُو كُلَّ أُنَاسٍ بِإمَامِهِمْ The day when we shall call every one of mankind with their scripture: or, as some say, with their prophet and their law: or, as some say, with their book in which their deeds are recorded. (T.) It is also said in the Kur [xxxvi. 11], كُلَّ شَيْءٍ أَحْصَيْنَاهُ فِى إِمَامٍ مُبِينٍ, meaning, says El-Hasan, [And everything have we recorded] in a perspicuous book, or writing; (S, Jel;) i. e., on the Preserved Tablet. (Bd, Jel.) b12: The lesson of a boy, that is learned each day (T, M, K) in the school: (T:) also called السَّبَقُ. (TA.) b13: The model, or pattern, of a semblance, or shape. (M, K.) b14: The builder's wooden instrument [or rule] whereby he makes the building even. (S, K. *) b15: The cord which the builder extends to make even, thereby, the row of stones or bricks of the building; also called التُّرُّ and المِطْهَرُ; (T;) the string which is extended upon, or against, a building, and according to which one builds. (M, K. *) b16: إِمَامٌ signifies also A road, or way: (S, [but omitted in some copies,] M, K:) or a manifest road, or way. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xv. 79], وَ إِنَّهُمَا لَبِإمَامٍ مُبِينٍ (S, M) And they were both, indeed, in a way pursued and manifest: (M:) or in a way which they travelled in their journeys. (Fr.) b17: The direction (تَلْقَآء) of the Kibleh. (M, K. *) b18: A tract, quarter, or region, of land, or of the earth. (S.) b19: A string [of a bow or lute &c.]; syn. وَتَرٌ. (Sgh, K.) أَمِيمٌ Beautiful in stature; (K;) applied to a man. (TA.) A2: I. q. ↓ مَأْمُومٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) i. e. one who raves, or is delirious, (يَهْذِى, [in two copies of the S يَهْدِى, but the former appears, from a remark made voce آمَّةٌ, to be the right reading,]) from [a wound in] what is termed أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ [see أُمٌّ]: (S:) or wounded in what is so termed; (M, K;) having a wound such as is termed آمَّة, q. v. (Msb.) It is also used, metaphorically, in relation to other parts than that named above; as in the saying, وَ حَشَاىَ مِنْ حَرِّ الفِرَاقِ أَمِيمُ (tropical:) [And my bowels are wounded by reason of the burning pain of separation]. (M.) A3: A stone with which the head is broken: (S, O:) but in the M and K ↓ أمَيْمَةٌ, [in a copy of the M, however, I find it without any syll. signs, so that it would seem to be ↓ أَمِيمَةٌ,] explained as signifying stones with which heads are broken: (TA:) pl. أَمَائِمُ. (S, TA.) أُمَائِمُ Three hundred camels: (M, K:) so explained by Abu-l-'Alà. (M.) إِمَامَةٌ: see إِمَّةٌ.

أَمِيمَةٌ: see أَمِيمٌ b2: Also, (Sgh,) or ↓ أُمَيْمَةٌ, (K,) A blacksmith's hammer. (Sgh, K.) أُمَيْمَةٌ dim. of أُمٌّ, q. v. (T, S, K.) A2: See also أَمِيمٌ: b2: and أمَيمَةٌ.

الإِمِامِيَّةُ One of the exorbitant sects of the Shee'ah, (TA,) who asserted that 'Alee was expressly appointed by Mohammad to be his successor. (Esh-Shahrastánee p. 122, and KT.) أُمَيْمِهةٌ [dim. of أُمَّهةٌ] : see أُمٌّ, first sentence.

أُمِّىٌّ (T, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أُمَّانٌ (K) [the former a rel. n. from أُمَّةٌ, and thus properly meaning Gentile: whence, in a secondary, or tropical, sense,(assumed tropical:) a heathen;] (assumed tropical:) one not having a revealed scripture; (Bd in iii. 19 and 69;) so applied by those having a revealed scripture: (Bd in iii.69:) [and particularly] an Arab: (Jel in iii. 69, and Bd and Jel in lxii. 2:) [or] in the proper language [of the Arabs], of, or belonging to, or relating to, the nation (أُمَّة) of the Arabs, who did not write nor read: and therefore metaphorically applied to (tropical:) any one not knowing the art of writing nor that of reading: (Mgh:) or (assumed tropical:) one who does not write; (T, M, K;) because the art of writing is acquired; as though he were thus called in relation to the condition in which his mother (أُمَّهُ) brought him forth: (T:) or (assumed tropical:) one who is in the natural condition of the nation (الأُمَّة) to which he belongs, (Zj, * T, M, * K, *) in respect of not writing, (T,) or not having learned writing; thus remaining in his natural state: (M, K:) or (assumed tropical:) one who does not write well; said to be a rel. n. from أمٌّ; because the art of writing is acquired, and such a person is as his mother brought him forth, in respect of ignorance of that art; or, as some say, from أُمَّةُ العَرَبِ; because most of the Arabs were of this description: (Msb:) the art of writing was known among the Arabs [in the time of Mohammad] by the people of Et-Táïf, who learned it from a man of the people of El-Heereh, and these had it from the people of El-Ambár. (T.) أُمِّيُّون لَا يَعْلَمُونَ, الكِتَابَ, in the Kur ii. 73, means Vulgar persons, [or heathen,] who know not the Book of the Law revealed to Moses: (Jel:) or ignorant persons, who know not writing, so that they may read that book; or, who know not the Book of the Law revealed to Moses. (Bd.) Mohammad was termed أُمِّىّ [meaning A Gentile, as distinguished from an Israelite: or, accord. to most of his followers, meaning illiterate;] because the nation (أُمَّة) of the Arabs did not write, nor read writing; and [they say that] God sent him as an apostle when he did not write, nor read from a book; and this natural condition of his was one of his miraculous signs, to which reference is made in the Kur [xxix. 47], where it is said, “thou didst not read, before it, from a book, nor didst thou write it with thy right hand:” (T, TA:) but accord. to the more correct opinion, he was not well acquainted with written characters nor with poetry, but he discriminated between good and bad poetry: or, as some assert, he became acquainted with writing after he had been unacquainted therewith, on account of the expression “ before it ”

in the verse of the Kur mentioned above: or, as some say, this may mean that he wrote though ignorant of the art of writing, like as some of the kings, being أُمِّيُّون, write their signs, or marks: (TA:) or, accord. to Jaafar Es-Sádik, he used to read from the book, or scripture, if he did not write. (Kull p. 73.) [Some judicious observations on this word are comprised in Dr. Sprenger's Life of Mohammad (pp. 101-2); a work which, in the portion already published (Part I.), contains much very valuable information.] b2: Also, (K,) or [only] أُمِّىٌّ, (Az, T, M,) applied to a man, (Az, T,) Impotent in speech, (عَيِىّ, in the K incorrectly written غَبِىّ, TA,) of few words, and rude, churlish, uncivil, or surly. (Az, T, M, K.) أُمِّيَّةٌ The quality denoted by the epithet أُمِّىٌّ: (TA:) [gentilism: (assumed tropical:) heathenism: &c.:] (assumed tropical:) the quality of being [in the natural condition of the nation to which one belongs, or] as brought forth by one's mother, in respect of not having learned the art of writing nor the reading thereof. (Kull p. 73.) أُمَّانٌ: see أُمِّىٌّ; and see also art. امن

أُمَّهَدٌ: see أُمٌّ.

آمٌّ [act. part. n. of 1;] i. q. قَاصِدٌ: [see 1, first sentence:] (TA:) pl. إِمَامٌ, like as صِحَابٌّ is pl. of صَاحِبٌ, (M, K,) accord. to some, but others say that this is pl. of إِمَامٌ [q. v.; the sing. and pl. being alike]; (M;) and آمُّونَ. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [v. 2], وَلَا آمِّينَ الْبَيْتَ الْحَرَامَ [Nor those repairing to the Sacred House]. (TA.) آمَّةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ مَأْمُومَةٌ, as some of the Arabs say, (IB, Msb,) because it implies the meaning of a pass. part. n., originally; (Msb;) but 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh says that this is a mistake; for the latter word is an epithet applied to the part called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ when it is broken; (IB;) or شَجَّةٌ آمَّةٌ and ↓ مَأْمُومَةٌ; (M, Mgh, K;) A wound by which the head is broken, (S, M, Msb, K,) reaching to the part called أُمُّ الدِّمَاغِ, (S, Msb,) or, [which means the same,] أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ, (M, K,) so that there remains between it and the brain [only] a thin skin: (S:) it is the most severe of شِجَاج [except that which reaches the brain (see شَجَّةٌ)]: ISk says that the person suffering from it roars, or bellows, (يَصْعَقُ,) like thunder, and like the braying of camels, and is unable to go forth into the sun: (Msb:) the mulct for it is one third of the whole price of blood: (TA:) IAar assigns the meaning of [this kind of] شَجَّة to ↓ أَمَّةٌ; which seems, therefore, to be either a dial. var. or a contraction of آمَّةٌ: (Msb:) the pl. of آمَّةٌ is أَوَامُّ (Mgh, Msb) and ↓ مآئِمُ; or this latter has no proper sing.: (M, TA:) the pl. of ↓ مأْمُومَةٌ is مَأْمُومَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) أَوَمُّ and أَيَمُّ Better in the performance of the office termed إِمَامَةٌ; followed by مِنْ: (Zj, T, M, K:) originally أَأَمُّ: the second hemzeh being changed by some into و and by some into ى. (Zj, T, M.) أُيَيْمَّةٌ, or أُيَيْمَّةٌ, dim. of أَيِمَّةٌ, pl. of إِمَامٌ, q. v. (S.) مُؤمٌّ: see أَمَمٌ.

مِئَمٌّ A camel that leads and guides: (M:) or a guide that shows the right way: and a camel that goes before the other camels: (K:) fem. with ة; (M, K;) applied to a she-camel (M, TA) that goes before the other she-camels, and is followed by them. (TA.) مأْمُومٌ: see أَمِيمٌ. b2: Also A camel having his hump bruised internally by his being much ridden, or having his hump swollen in consequence of the galling of the saddle and the cloth beneath it, and bruised, and having his hump corroded: (S:) or whose fur has gone from his back in consequence of beating, or of galls, or sores, produced by the saddle or the like. (M, K.) b3: مأْمُومَةٌ: see آمَّةٌ, in three places.

مُؤَامٌّ: see أَمَمٌ, in two places.

مؤْتَمٌّ act. part. n. of ائْتَمَّ بِهِ; Following as an example; imitating; taking as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) b4: مُؤْتَمٌّ بِهِ pass. part. n. of the same; Followed as an example; imitated; &c.: thus distinguished from the former by the preposition with the object of its government. (Msb.) مَآئِمُ: see آمَّةٌ.

اكم

2 تَأْكِيمٌ The being big in the كَفَل [i. e. the hinder parts, or posteriors, also termed مَأْكَمَةٌ]. (O, K.) You say, أَكَّمَتِ المَرْأَةٌ The woman was large in the كَفَل. (TK.) 10 استأكم It (a place) became what are termed أَكَم, q. v. (K.) A2: استأكم مَجْلِسَــهُ He (a man, TA) found his sitting-place to be plain, smooth, soft, or easy to sit upon. (K.) أَكَمٌ: see what next follows.

أَكَمَةٌ A hill, or mound, syn. تَلٌّ, (Msb, K,) [in an absolute sense, or] of what is termed قُفّ [q. v.], (K,) or, as in the M, (TA,) of a single collection of stones: or it is inferior to mountains: or a place that is more elevated than what is around it, and is rugged, not to the degree of being stone: (K:) or an isolated mountain: (K voce جَبَلٌ:) or an eminence like what is termed رَابِيَة: a collection of stones in one place, sometimes rugged and sometimes not rugged: (Msb:) or i. q. قُفٌّ, except that the اكمة is higher and greater: (ISh, TA:) or what is higher than the قُفّ, compact and round, rising into the sky, abounding with stones: (TA:) pl. أَكَمَاتٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ أَكَمٌ, [or this is rather a coll. gen. n. of which أَكَمَةٌ is the n. un.,] (S, Msb, K,) and إِكَامٌ, (K, TA,) or this is pl. of أَكَمٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) and أُكُمٌ, (K, TA,) or this is pl. of إِكَامٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) and آكَامٌ [a pl. of pauc.], (K,) or this is pl. of أُكُمٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) and آكُمٌ [which is also a pl. of pauc.], (IJ, K,) or this is a pl. of أَكَمٌ: (TA:) IHsh says that أَكَمٌ is the only word like ثَمَرٌ in its series of pls.; for its sing. [or n. un.] is أَكَمَةٌ, and the pl. of this [or the coll. gen. n.] is أَكَمٌ, and the pl. of this is إِكَامٌ, and the pl. of this is أُكُمٌ, and the pl. of this is آكَامٌ, and the pl. of this is أَكَامِيمُ [or أَوَاكِيمُ?]. (MF in art. ثمر.) It is said in a prov., used in ridiculing any one who has told of his committing some fault, not desiring to reveal it, جُسْتُمُونِى وَوَرَآءَ الأَكَمَةِ مَا وَرَآءَهَا [in which I think the first word to be a mistranscription, for جِئْتُمُونِى, and the literal meaning to be, Ye have come to me; but behind the hill is what is behind it]: related on the authority of Zeyd Ibn-Kethweh. (TA.) And one says, لَا تَبُلْ عَلَى

أَكَمةٍ, meaning (tropical:) Publish not what is secret of thine affair. (TA.) مَأْكَمٌ and مَأْكِمٌ: see what next follows.

مَأْكَمَةٌ, (El-Fárábee,) or مَأْكِمَةٌ, (S,) or both, and ↓ مَأْكَمٌ and ↓ مَأْكِمٌ, (IAth, K,) The hinder part, posteriors, buttocks, or rump, of a woman; syn. عَجِيزَةٌ: (S:) or a portion of flesh on the head of the وَرِك [or haunch]; one of two such portions: (Zj in his “Khalk el-Insán,“ and K:) or these are two protuberances of flesh on the heads of the upper parts of the وَرِكَانِ [or haunches]; on the right and left: (TA:) or they are two portions of flesh conjoining the عَجُز [or buttocks] and the مَتْنَانِ [or two portions of flesh and sinew next the back-bone, on each side]; (K, TA;) or, as in the Nh, conjoining the عَجْب [or rump-bone] and the متنان: or two portions of flesh at the root of the وَرِكَاِ: (TA:) pl. مَآكِمُ. (S, K.) Lh mentions the saying, إِنَّهُ لَعَظِيمُ المآكِمِ [Verily he is big in the hinder parts]; as though they called every portion thereof مأكم. (TA.) And one says in reviling a person, يَا ابِنَ أَحْمَرِ المَأْكَمَةِ, meaning O son of him who is red in the سَفِلَةِ. (TA.) مُؤَكِّمَةٌ: see what follows.

مُؤَاكِمَةٌ [in the CK, erroneously, مُؤاكَمَة] and ↓ مُؤَكِّمَةٌ She who is large in the مَأْكَمَتَانِ. (K.)