اس

1 اَسڤ3َ see 2, in two places.2 أسّسهُ, (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. تَأْسِيسٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He founded it; or made, or laid, a foundation, or basis, for it; (S, * Msb;) namely, a building, (S,) or a wall: (Msb:) he marked out the limits of it, (namely, of a house,) and raised its foundations: he built its foundation, or basis: (K:) he commenced it; namely, a building; as also ↓ أَسَّهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. أَسَّ: (M:) he built it; namely, a house; (TA;) as also ↓ أَسَّهُ. (K.) You say, هٰذَا تَأْسِيسٌ حَسَنٌ [This is a good founding, or foundation]. (TA.) And مَنْ لَمْ يُؤَسِّسْ مِلْكَهُ بِــالعَدْلِ هَدَمَهُ (tropical:) [He who does not lay the foundation of his property with equity, or justice, destroys it]. (A, TA.) b2: أسّس زَادًا: see زَادَ in art. زود.

أَسٌّ: see what next follows, in six places.

أُسٌّ The foundation, basis, or lowest part, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) of a building, (S, A, K,) or of a wall; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ أَسٌّ and ↓ إِسٌّ (A, K) and ↓ أَسَاسٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أَسَسٌ, (S, K,) which is a contraction of أَسَاسٌ: (S:) or the commencement of a building: and any commencement of a thing; as also ↓ أَسٌّ and ↓ أَسَاسٌ and ↓ أَسَسٌ: (M:) and the origin, source, stock, or root, (أَصْل,) of a man; as also ↓ أَسٌّ: or of anything; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَسٌّ (M, K) and ↓ إِسٌّ and ↓ أَسِيسٌ: (K:) and the heart of a man; because [the Arabs believe that] it is the first thing that comes into existence in the womb: (M, K:) pl. آسَاسٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and إِسَاسٌ (M, Msb, K) and أُسُسٌ; (M, Mgh, Msb, K;) the first of which is pl. of أٌسٌّ, (Mgh, Msb,) like as أَقْفَالٌ is of قُفْلٌ; (Msb;) or of أَسَسٌ, like as أَسْبَابٌ is of سَبَبٌ; (S;) or, as some say, of أُسُسٌ, [like as أَعْنَاقٌ is of عُنُقٌ,] so that it is a pl. pl.; (TA;) and the second, of أَسٌّ, like as عِسَاسٌ is of عُسٌّ; (Msb;) and the third, of أَسَاسٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) like as عُنُقٌ is of عَنَاقٌ. (Msb.) You say, الأَوَّلِ ↓ بَنَى بَيْتَهُ عَلَى أَسَاسِهِ [He built his house upon its first foundation.] (A.) And قَلَعَهُ مِنْ أُسِّهِ [He uprooted it from its foundation]. (A.) and أَمْرِهِ الكَذِبُ ↓ فُلَانٌ أَسَاسُ (tropical:) [Such a one, the foundation of his affair, or case, is falsehood]. (A, TA.) And كَانَ ذٰلَكَ عَلَى أُسِّ الدَّهْرِ, (S, M, A, K,) and ↓ أَسِهِ, and ↓ إِسِهِ, (S, M, K,) (tropical:) That was in old, or ancient, time; (S, M, K;) at the beginning of time; (S, A, * K;) and in like manner, عَلَي اسْتِ الدَّهْرِ. (A.) b2: Also A remain, relic, trace, vestige, sign, mark, or track, of anything. (K.) You say, خُذْ أُسَّ الطَّرِيقِ, or الطَّرِيقِ ↓ أَسَّ, [accord. to different copies of the K, meaning, Take thou to the track of the way,] when one guides himself by any mark or track, or by camels' dung: but when the way is manifest, you say, خُذْ شَرَكَ الطَّرِيقِ. (K.) أُسٌّ also signifies The remains of ashes (M, K) between the أَثَافِى, q.v.: (M:) occurring in a verse of En-Nábighah Edh-Dhubyánee; but accord. to most relates of this verse, it is آسٌ. (TA.) إِسٌّ: see أُسٌّ, in several places.

أَسَسٌ: see أُسٌّ, in several places.

أَسَاسٌ: see أُسٌّ, in several places.

أَسِيسٌ: see أُسٌّ, in several places.

الو

1 أَلَا, (S, M, Mgh, K,) aor. ـْ (S, Mgh,) inf. n. أَلْوٌ (T, M, Mgh, K) and أُلُوُّ (K, TA [in a copy of the M أَلُوٌّ]) and أُلِىٌّ; (K, TA; [in a copy of the M أَلِىٌّ, and in a copy of the Mgh written with fet-h and damm to the أ;]) and ↓ أَلَّى, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. تَأْلِيَةٌ; (S;) and ↓ ائتلى [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَلَى]; (S, M, K;) [and ↓ تَأَلّى, as appears from an ex. in a verse cited in art. نشب, q. v.;] He fell short; or he fell short of doing what was requisite, or what he ought to have done; or he flagged, or was remiss; syn. قَصَّرَ: (S, M, K; and Fr, IAar, T, Mgh, in explanation of the first of these verbs:) and he was slow, or tardy: (M, K; and AA, T, S, in explanation of the second verb:) or he flagged, or was remiss, or languid, and weak. (A Heyth and T in explanation of all of the above-mentioned verbs except the last.) You say, أَلَا فِى الأَمْرِ, (Mgh,) and ↓ ائتلى فِيهِ, (S,) He fell short, &c., (قَصَّرَ,) in the affair. (S, Mgh.) In the saying, لَم يَأْلُ أَنْ يَعْدِلَ فِى ذلِكَ, i. e. He did not fall short, &c., (لَمْ يُقَصَّرْ,) in acting equitably and equally in that, فِى is suppressed before ان: but in the phrase, لَمْ يَأْلُو مِنَ العَدْلِ, as some relate it, [the meaning intended seems to be, They did not hold back, or the like, from acting equitably; for here] the verb is made to imply the meaning of another verb: and such is the case in the saying, لَا آلُوكَ نُصْحًا, meaning I will not refuse to thee, nor partially or wholly deprive thee of, sincere, honest, or faithful, advice: (Mgh:) or this last signifies I will not flag, or be remiss, nor fall short, to thee in giving sincere, honest, or faithful, advice. (T, S. *) It is said in the Kur [iii. 114], لَا يَإْلُونَكُمْ خَبَالًا, meaning They will not fall short, or flag, or be remiss, in corrupting you. (IAar, T.) And the same meaning is assigned to the verb in the saying أُولُو الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ, ↓ وَلَا يَأْتَلِ, in the Kur [xxiv. 22], by A'Obeyd: but the preferable rendering in this case is that of A Heyth, which will be found below: see 4. (T.) Ks mentions the phrase, أَقْبَلَ بِضَرْبَةٍ لَا يَأْلُ [He came with a blow, not falling short, &c.], for لا يَأْلُو; like لَا أَدْرِ [for لا أَدْرِى]. (S, M: [but in the copies of the former in my hands, for بِضَرْبَةٍ, I find يَضْرِبُهُ.]) ↓ أَلَّى [with teshdeed] is also said of a dog, and of a hawk, meaning He fell short of attaining the game that he pursued. (TA.) And of a cake of bread, meaning It was slow in becoming thoroughly baked. (IAar, IB.) [See also the phrase لَا دَريْتَ وَلَا ائْتَليْتَ in a later part of this paragraph.] b2: You say also, مَا أَلَوْتُ الشَّيْءَ, (K,) or مَا أَلَوْتُ أَنْ أَفْعَلَهُ, (M,) inf. n أَلوٌ (M, K) and أُلُوٌّ, (K, TA, [in a copy of the M أُلْوٌ,]) meaning I did not leave, quit, cease from, omit, or neglect, (M, K,) the thing, (K,) or doing it. (M.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يَأْلُو خَيْرًا Such a one does not leave, quit, or cease from, doing good. (M.) And مَا أَلَوْتُ جَهْدًا I did not leave, omit, or neglect, labour, exertion, effort, or endeavour: and the vulgar say, مَا آلُوكَ جَهْدًا; but this is wrong: so says As. (T. [See, however, similar phrases mentioned above.]) A2: أَلَا, aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. أَلْوٌ, (IAar, T, TA,) also signifies He strove, or laboured; he exerted himself, or his power or ability; (IAar, T, TA;) as also ↓ تَأَلَّى: (T, TA:) the contr. of a signification before mentioned; i. e. “he flagged;,” or “was remiss, or languid, and weak.” (TA.) Yousay, أَتَانِى فِى حَاجَةٍ فَأَلَوْتُ فِيهَا He came to me respecting a want, and I strove, or laboured, &c., to accomplish it. (T.) b2: And أَلَاهُ, aor. as above, (T, S,) inf. n. أَلْوٌ, (IAar, T, S,) He was, or became, able to do it: (IAar, T, S:) and ↓ ألّى, inf. n. تَأْلِيَةٌ, also signifies he was, or became, able; (TA;) and so ↓ ائتلى. (ISk, S, TA.) You say, هُوَ يَأْلُو هذَا الأَمْرَ He is able to perform, or accomplish, this affair. (T.) And مَا أَلَوْتُهُ I was not able to do it. (T, M, K.) And أَتَانِى

فُلَانٌ فِى حَاجَةٍ فَمَا أَلَوْتُ رَدَّهُ Such a one came to me respecting a want, and I was not able to rebuff him. (T.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ صَامَ

↓ الدَّهْرَ فَلَا صَامَ وَلَا أَلَّى [He who fasts ever, or always, may he neither fast] nor be able to fast: as though it were an imprecation: or it may be enunciative: another reading is وَلَا آلَ, explained as meaning وَلَا رَجَعَ: [See art. اول:] but El-Khattábee says that it is correctly أَلَّى and أَلَا. (TA.) And the Arabs used to say, (S, M,) [and] accord. to a trad. it will be said to the hypocrite [in his grave], on his being asked respecting Mohammad and what he brought, and answering “I know not,” (T in art. تلو,) ↓ لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا ائتَلَيْتَ, (T, S, M, K,) meaning, accord. to As, (T,) or ISk, (S,) Mayest thou not know, nor be able to know: (T, S: *) or, accord. to Fr, nor fall short, or flag, in seeking to know; that the case may be the more miserable to thee: (T:) or وَلَا أَلَيْتَ, as an imitative sequent [for ولا أَلَوْتَ, to which the same explanations are applicable]: (MK:) or لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا تَلَيْتَ, the latter verb being assimilated to the former, (ISk, T in art. تلو, S,) said to mean وَلَا تَلَوْتَ, i. e. nor mayest thou read nor study: (T in art. تلو:) or لَا دَرَيْتَ وَلَا أَتْليْتَ, i. e. [mayest thou not know,] nor mayest thou have camels followed by young ones. (Yoo, ISk, T, S, M, K.) b2: Also, (IAar, T,) inf. n. أَلْوٌ, (IAar, T, K,) He gave him a thing: (IAar, T, K: *) [doubly trans.:] the contr. of a signification before mentioned, (also given by IAar, T and TA,) which is that of “refusing” [a person anything: see, above, لَا آلُوكَ نُصْحًا]. (TA.) 2 اَلَّوَ see 1, in four places.4 آلى, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـْ inf. n. إِيلَآءٌ, (T, S, Mgh,) [and in poetry إِلَآءٌ, (see a reading of a verse cited voce أَلِيّةٌ,)] He swore; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ تألّى, and ↓ ائتلى. (T, S, M, K.) You say, آلَيْتُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ and آلَيْتُهُ [I swore to do the thing]. (M.) [And آلَيْتُ لَا أَفْعَلُ كَذَا I swore that I would not do such a thing; and, emphatically, I swear that I will not do such a thing. And آلَى يَمِينًا He swore an oath.] It is said in the Kur [xxiv. 22], أُولُو ↓ وَلَا يَأْتَلِ الْفَضْلِ مِنْكُمْ, meaning, accord. to A Heyth and Fr, And let not those of you who possess superabundance swear [that they will not give to relations &c.]; for Aboo-Bekr [is particularly alluded to thereby, because he] had sworn that he would not expend upon Mistah and his relations who had made mention of [the scandal respecting]

'Áïsheh: and some of the people of El-Medeeneh read ↓ وَلَا يَتَأَلَّ, but this disagrees with the written text: A'Obeyd explains it differently: see 1: but the preferable meaning is that here given. (T.) And it is said in a trad., آلَي مِنْ نِسَائِهِ شَهْرًا He swore that he would not go in to his wives for a month: the verb being here made trans. by means of من because it implies the meaning of اِمْتِنَاع, which is thus trans. (TA.) [See also an ex. of the verb thus used in the Kur ii. 226.]

عَلَى اللّٰهِ ↓ التَّأَلِّى is said to mean One's saying, By God, such a one will assuredly enter the fire [of Hell], and God will assuredly make to have a good issue the work of such a one: but see the act. part. n. below. (TA.) A2: آلَتْ, inf. n. as above, She (a woman) took for herself, or made, or prepared, a مِئْلَاة, q. v. (TA.) 5 تَاَلَّوَ see 1, in two places: A2: and see 4, in three places.8 إِاْتَلَوَ see 1, in five places: A2: and see 4, in two places.

أَلْوٌ, or إِلْوٌ: see إِلًى in art. الى.

أُلُو, (so in some copies of the S, and so in the K in the last division of that work, and in the CK in art. ال, [and thus it is always pronounced,] but in some copies of the K in art. ال it is written أُلُونَ, [as though to show the original form of its termination,]) or أُولُو, (so in the M, and in some copies of the S, [and thus it is generally written,]) i. q. ذَوُو [Possessors of; possessed of; possessing; having]; a pl. which has no sing. (S, M, K) of its own proper letters, (S, K,) its sing. being ذُو: (S:) or, as some say, a quasi-pl. n., of which the sing. is ذُو: (K:) the fem. is أُلَاتُ, (so in some copies of the S and K, [and thus it is always pronounced,]) or أُولَاتُ, (so in other copies of the S and K, [and thus it is generally written,]) of which the sing. is ذَاتُ: (S, K:) it is as though its sing. were أُلٌ, (M, K, [in the CK الٌ,]) the [final] و [in the masc.] being the sign of the pl., (M,) for it has و [for its termination] in the nom. case, and ى in the accus. and gen. (M, K.) It is never used but as a prefixed noun. (M, K.) The following are exs. of the nom. case: نَحْنُ أُولُو قُوَّةٍ وَأُولُو بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ [We are possessors of strength, and possessors of vehement courage], in the Kur [xxvii. 23]; and أُولُو الْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَى بِبَعْضٍ

[The possessors of relationships, these have the best title to inheritance, one with respect to another], in the same [viii. last verse and xxxiii.

6]; (TA;) and جَآءَ نِى أُولُو الأَلْبَابِ [The persons of understandings came to me]; and أُولَاتُ الأَحْمَالِ [Those who are with child; occurring in the Kur lxv. 4]: (S:) and the following are exs. of the accus. and gen. cases: وَذَرْنِى وَالْمُكَذَّبِينَ

أُولِى النَّعْمَةِ [And leave thou me, or let me alone, with the beliers, or discrediters, (i. e., commit their case to me,) the possessors of ease and plenty], in the Kur [lxxiii. 11]; and لَتَنُوءُ بِالْعُصْبَةِ أُولِى

القُوَّةِ [Would weigh down the company of men possessing strength], in the same [xxviii. 76]. (TA.) وَأُولِى الْأَمْرِ مِنْكُمْ, in the Kur [iv. 62], [And those, of you, who are possessors of command], (M, K, *) accord. to Aboo-Is-hák, (M,) means the companions of the Prophet, and the men of knowledge their followers, (M, K,) and the possessors of command, who are their followers, when also possessors of knowledge and religion: (K:) or, as some say, [simply] the possessors of command; for when these are possessors of knowledge and religion, and take, or adopt and maintain, and follow, what the men of knowledge say, to obey them is of divine obligation: and in general those who are termed أُولُو الأَمْرِ, of the Muslims, are those who superintend the affairs of such with respect to religion, and everything conducing to the right disposal of their affairs. (M.) إِلَى, accord. to Sb, is originally with و in the place of the [ى, i. e. the final] alif; and so is عَلَى; for the alifs [in these two particles] are not susceptible of imáleh; [i. e., they may not be pronounced ilè and 'alè;] and if either be used as the proper name of a man, the dual [of the former] is إِلَوَانِ and [that of the latter] عَلَوَانِ; but when a pronoun is affixed to it, the alif is changed into yé, so that you say إِلَيْكَ and عَلَيْكَ; though some of the Arabs leave it as it was, saying إِلَاكَ and عَلَاكَ. (S.) It is a prep., or particle governing a noun in the gen. case, (S, Mughnee, K,) and denotes the end, as opposed to [مِنْ, which denotes] the beginning, of an extent, or of the space between two points or limits; (S, M;) or the end of an extent (T, Mughnee, K) of place; [signifying To, or as far as;] as in the phrase [in the Kur xvii. 1], مِنَ المَسْجِدِ الحَرَامِ إِلَى المَسْجِدِ الأَقْصَى [From the Sacred Mosque to, or as far as, the Furthest Mosque; meaning from the mosque of Mekkeh to that of Jerusalem]; (Mughnee, K;) or in the saying, خَرَجْتُ مِنَ الكُوفَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ [I went forth from El-Koofeh to Mekkeh], which may mean that you entered it, [namely, the latter place,] or that you reached it without entering it, for the end includes the beginning of the limit and the furthest part thereof, but does not extend beyond it. (S.) [In some respects it agrees with حَتَّى, q. v. And sometimes it signifies Towards; as in نَظَرَ إِلَىَّ He looked towards me; and مَالَ إِلَيْهِ He, or it, inclined towards him, or it. b2: It also denotes the end of a space of time; [signifying To, till, or until;] as in the saying [in the Kur ii. 183], ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ [Then complets ye the fasting to, or till, or until, the night]. (Mughnee, K.) [Hence, إِلَى أَنْ (followed by a mansoob aor.) Till, or until: and إِلَى مَتَى Till, or until, what time, or when? i. e. how long? and also to, till, or until, the time when. See also the last sentence in this paragraph.] b3: [In like manner it is used in the phrases إِلَى غَيْرِ ذلِكَ, and إِلَى آخِرِهِ, meaning, (And so on,) to other things, and to the end thereof; equivalent to et cœtera.] b4: Sometimes, (S,) it occurs in the sense of مَعَ, (T, S, M, Mughnee, K,) when a thing is joined to another thing; (Mughnee, K;) as in the phrase [in the Kur iii. 45 and lxi. 14], مَنْ أَنْصَارِى إِلَى اللّٰهِ [Who will be my aiders with, or in addition to, God?], (S, Mughnee, K,) accord. to the Koofees and some of the Basrees; (Mughnee;) i. e. who will be joined to God in aiding me? (M, TA;) and as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 2], وَلَا تَأْكُلُوا

أَمْوَالَهُمْ إِلَى أَمْوَالِكُمْ [And devour not ye their possessions with, or in addition to, your possessions]; (T, S;) and [in the same, ii. 13,] وَإِذَا خَلَوْا إِلَى

شَيَا طِينِهِمْ [And when they are alone with their devils]; (S;) and in the saying, الذَّوْدُ إِلَى الذَّوْدِ إِبِلٌ [A few she-camels with, or added to, a few she-camels are a herd of camels], (S, Mughnee, K,) a prov., meaning (assumed tropical:) a little with a little makes much; (S and A in art. ذود, q. v.;) though one may not say, إِلَى زَيْدٍ مَالٌ meaning مَعَ زَيْدٍ مَالٌ: (Mughnee:) so too in the saying, فُلَانٌ حَلِيمٌ إِلَى أَدَبٍ وَفِقْهٍ

[Such a one is clement, or forbearing, with good education, or polite accomplishments, and intelligence, or knowledge of the law]; (M, TA;) and so, accord. to Kh, in the phrase, أَحْمَدُ اللّٰهَ إِلَيْكَ [I praise God with thee: but see another rendering of this phrase below]. (ISh.) In the saying in the Kur [v. 8], فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ

إِلَى المَرَافِقِ, it is disputed whether [the meaning be Then wash ye your faces, and your arms with the elbows, or, and your arms as far as the elbows; i. e., whether] the elbows be meant to be included among the parts to be washed, or excluded therefrom. (T.) A context sometimes shows that what follows it is included in what precedes it; as in قَرَأْتُ القُرْآنَ مِنْ أَوَّلِهِ إِلَى آخِرِهِ [I read, or recited, the Kurán, from the beginning thereof to the end thereof]: or that it is excluded; as in ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ [explained above]: when this is not the case, some say that it is included if it be of the same kind [as that which precedes]; some, that it is included absolutely; and some, that it is excluded absolutely; and this is the right assertion; for with the context it is in most instances excluded. (Mughnee.) b5: It is also used to show the grammatical agency of the noun governed by it, after a verb of wonder; or after a noun of excess importing love or hatred; [as in مَا أَحَبَّهُ إِلَىَّ How lovely, or pleasing, is he to me! (TA in art. حب,) and مَا أَبْغَضَهُ إِلَىَّ How hateful, or odious, is he to me! (S in art. بغض;) and] as in the saying [in the Kur xii. 33], رَبِّ السِّجْنُ أَحَبُّ إِلَىَّ [O my Lord, the prison is more pleasing to me]. (Mughnee, K.) [This usage is similar to that explained in the next sentence.] b6: It is syn. with عِنْدَ; (S, M, Mughnee, Msb, K;) as in the phrase, هُوَ أَشْهَى إِلَىَّ مِنْ كَذَا [It is more desirable, or pleasant, in my estimation than such a thing]; (Msb;) and in the saying of the poet, أَمْ لَا سَبِيلَ إِلَى الشَّبَابِ وَذِكْرُهُ

أَشْهَى إِلَىَّ مِنَ الرَّحِيقِ السَّلْسَلِ [Is there no way of return to youth, seeing that the remembrance thereof is more pleasant to me, or in my estimation, than mellow wine?] (Mughnee, K:) and accord. to this usage of إِلَى in the sense of عِنْدَ may be explained the saying, أَنْتِ طَالِقٌ إِلَى سَنَةٍ, meaning Thou art divorced at the commencement of a year. (Msb.) b7: It is also syn. with لِ; as in the phrase, وَالأَمْرُ إِلَيْكَ [and command, or to command, belongeth unto Thee, meaning God, as in the Kur xiii. 30, and xxx. 3], (Mughnee, K,) in a trad. respecting supplication: (TA:) or, as some say, it is here used in the manner first explained above, meaning, is ultimately referrible to Thee: and they say, أَحْمَدُ اللّٰهَ إِلَيْكَ, meaning, I tell the praise of God unto thee: (Mughnee:) [but see another rendering of this last phrase above:] you say also, ذَاكَ إِلَيْكَ That is committed to thee, or to thy arbitration. (Har p. 329.) b8: It also occurs as syn. with عَلَى; as in the saying in the Kur [xvii. 4], وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَى

بَنِى إِسْرَائِيلَ [And we decreed against the children of Israel]: (Msb:) or this means and we revealed to the children of Israel (Bd, Jel) decisively. (Bd.) b9: It is also syn. with فِى; (M, Mughnee, K;) as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 89 and vi.12], لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَى يَوْمِ القِيَامَةِ [He will assuredly collect you together on the day of resurrection]: (K:) thus it may be used in this instance accord. to Ibn-Málik: (Mughnee:) and it is said to be so used in the saying [of En-Nábighah, (M, TA,)]

فَلَا تَتْرُكَنِّى بِالوَعِيدِ كَأَنَّنِى

إِلَي النَّاسِ مَطْلِىٌّ بِهِ القَارُ أَجْرَبُ [Then do not thou leave me with threatening, as though I were, among men, smeared with tar, being like a mangy camel]; (M, Mughnee;) or, accord. to some, there is an ellipsis and inversion in this verse; الى being here in dependence upon a word suppressed, and the meaning being, smeared with pitch, [like a camel,] yet being united to men: or, accord. to Ibn-'Osfoor, مطلىّ is here considered as made to import the meaning of rendered hateful, or odious; for he says that if الى were correctly used in the sense of فى, it it would be allowable to say, زَيْدٌإِلَى الكُوفَةِ: (Mughnee:) [or the meaning may be, as though I were, compared to men, a mangy camel, smeared with pitch: for] I'Ab said, after mentioning 'Alee, عِلْمِى إِلَى عِلْمِهِ كَالقَرَارَةِ فِى المُثُعَنْجَرِ, meaning My knowledge compared to his knowledge is like the قرارة [or small pool of water left by a torrent] placed by the side of the middle of the sea [or the main deep]. (K in art. ثعجر.) It is also [said to be] used in the sense of فى in the saying in the Kur [1xxix. 18], هَلْ لَكَ إِلَى أَنْ تَزَكَّى

[Wilt thou purify thyself from infidelity?] because it imports the meaning of invitation. (TA.) b10: It is also used [in a manner contr. to its primitive application, i. e.,] to denote beginning, [or origination,] being syn. with مِنْ; as in the saying [of a poet], تَقُولُ وَقَدْ عَالَيْتُ بِالكُورِ فَوْقَهَا

أَيُسْقَي فَلَا يَرْوَى إِلَىَّ ابْنُ أَحْمَرَا [She says, (namely my camel,) when I have raised the saddle upon her, Will Ibn-Ahmar be supplied with drink and not satisfy his thirst from me? i. e., will he never be satisfied with drawing forth my sweat?]. (Mughnee, K.) b11: It is also used as a corroborative, and is thus [syntactically] redundant; as in the saying in the Kur [xiv. 40], فَاجْعَلْ أَفْئِدَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ تَهْوَى إِلَيْهِمْ, with fet-h to the و [in تهوى], (Mughnee, K,) accord. to one reading, (Mughnee,) meaning تَهْوَاهُمْ [i. e. And make Thou hearts of men to love them]: (K:) so says Fr: but some explain it by saying that تهوى imports the meaning of تَمِيلُ; or that it is originally تَهْوِى, with kesr, the kesreh being changed to a fet-hah, and the yé to an alif, as when one says رَضَا for رَضِىَ, and نَاصَاةٌ for نَاصِيَةٌ: so says Ibn-Málik; but this requires consideration; for it is a condition in such cases that the ى in the original form must be movent. (Mughnee.) [See art. هوى.] b12: اَللّٰهُمَّ إِلَيْكَ, occurring in a trad., [is elliptical, and] means O God, I complain unto Thee: or take Thou me unto Thee. (TA.) b13: And أَنَا مِنْكَ وَإِلَيْكَ means I am of thee, and related to thee. (TA.) b14: You say also, اِذْهَبْ إِلَيْكَ, meaning Betake, or apply, thyself to, or occupy thyself with, thine own affairs. (T, K. *) And similar to this is the phrase used by El-Aashà, فَاذْهَبِى مَا إِلَيْكِ. (TA.) And إِلَيْكُمْ [alone is used in a similar manner, elliptically, or as an imperative verbal noun, and] means Betake, or apply, yourselves to, or occupy yourselves with, your own affairs, (اِذْهَبُوا إِلَيْكُمْ,) and retire ye, or withdraw ye, to a distance, or far away, from us. (ISk.) And إِلَيْكَ عَنِّى means Hold, or refrain, thou from me: (T, K:) or remove, withdraw, or retire, thou to a distance from me: اليك used in this sense is an imperative verbal noun. (Har p. 508.) Sb says, (M,) or Akh, (Har ubi suprà,) I heard an Arab of the desert, on its being said to him إِلَيْكَ, reply, إِلَىَّ; as though it were said to him Remove, withdraw, or retire, thou to a distance, and he replied, I will remove, &c. (M.) Aboo-Fir' own says, satirizing a Nabathæan woman of whom he asked for water to drink, إِذَا طَلَبْتَ المَآءِ قَالَتْ لَيْكَا [When thou shalt demand water, she will say, Retire thou to a distance]; meaning, [by ليكا, i. e. لَيْكَ with an adjunct alif for the sake of the rhyme,] إِلَيْكَ, in the sense last explained above. (M.) b15: One also says, إِلَيْكَ كَذَا, meaning, Take thou such a thing. (T, K.) b16: When إِلَى is immediately followed by the interrogative مَا, both together are written إِلَامَ [meaning, To what? whither? and till, or until, what time, or when? i. e. how long?]; and in like manner one writes عَلَامَ for عَلَى مَا, (S * and K voce ما,) and حَتَّامَ for حَتَّى. (S voce حَتَّى.) أَلْوَةٌ and أُلْوَةٌ and إِلْوَةٌ: see أَلِيَّةٌ.

أَلىُّ One who swears much; who utters many oaths: (IAar, T, K:) mentioned in the K in art. الى; but the present is its proper art. (TA.) أَلِيَّةٌ [A falling short; or a falling short of what is requisite, or what one ought to do; or a flagging, or remissness; and slowness, or tardiness:] a subst. from أَلَا as signifying قَصَّرَ and أَلِيَّةً. (M.) Hence the prov., (M,) إِلَّا حَضِيَّةً فَلَا

أَلِيَّةً, i. e. If I be not in favour, and high estimation, I will not cease seeking, and labouring, and wearying myself, to become so: (M, K: *) or if thou fail of good fortune in that which thou seekest, fall not short, or flag not, or be not remiss, in showing love, or affection, to men; may-be thou wilt attain somewhat of that which thou wishest: originally relating to a woman who becomes displeasing to her husband: (S in art. حظو:) it is one of the proverbs of women: one says, if I be not in favour, and high estimation, with my husband, I will not fall short, or flag, or be remiss, in that which may render me so, by betaking myself to that which he loveth: (T and TA in art. حظو:) Meyd says that the two nouns are in the accus. case because the implied meaning is إِلَّا أَكُنْ حَظِيَّةً فَلَا أَكُنْ أَلِيَّةً; the latter noun being [accord. to him] for ↓ آلِيَةٌ, for which it may be put for the sake of conformity [with the former]; and the former having the signification of the pass. part. n. of أَحْظَى, or that of the part. n. of حَظِىَ [or حَظِيَتْ]. (Har p. 78.) A2: An oath; (T, S, M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَلِيَّا (M, K) and ↓ أَلْوَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and ↓ أُلْوَةً and ↓ إِلِيوَةٌ: (S, M, K: [in the CK, والاُلُوَّةُ مُثَلَّثَةً is erroneously put for والِأَلْوَةُ مثلّثةً:]) it is [originally أَلِيوَةٌ,] of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ: (S:) pl. أَلَايَا. (S, Mgh.) A poet says, (namely, Kutheiyir, TA,) قَلِيلُا الأَلَايَا حَافِظٌ لِيَمِينِهِ وَإِنْ سَبَقَتْ مِنْهُ الأَلِيَّةُ بَرَّتِ [A person of few oaths, who keeps his oath from being uttered on ordinary or mean occasions; but if the oath has proceeded from him at any former time, or hastily, it proves true]: (S, TA:) or, as IKh relates it, قَلِيلُ الإِلَآءِ; meaning, he says, قَلِيلُ الإيلَآءِ; the ى being suppressed: see 4. (TA.) أَلِيَّا: see the latter part of the paragraph next preceding.

آلٍ Falling short; or falling short of what is requisite, or what one ought to do; or flagging, or remiss: [and slow, or tardy: &c.: see 1:] fem. with ة: and pl. of this latter أَوَالٍ. (S, TA.) See أَلِيَّةٌ, used, accord. to Meyd, for آلِيَة. b2: Niggardly, penurious, or avaricious; impotent to fulfil duties or obligations, or to pay debts. (Har p. 78.) مِئْلَاةٌ The piece of rag which a woman holds in wailing, (S, TA,) and with which she makes signs: (TA:) [it is generally dyed blue, the colour of mourning; and the woman sometimes holds it over her shoulders, and sometimes twirls it with both hands over her head, or before her face:] pl. مَآلٍ: (S, TA:) which also signifies rags used for the menses. (TA in art. غبر.) مُتَأَلّ [part. n. of 5]. It is said in a trad., وَيْلٌ لِلْمُتَأَلِّينَ مِنْ أُمَّتِى, explained as meaning Woe to those of my people who pronounce sentence against God, saying, Such a one is in Paradise, and such a one is in the fire [of Hell]: but see the verb. (TA.)

بُخَارى:
بالضم: من أعظم مدن ما وراء النهر وأجلّها، يعبر إليها من آمل الشّطّ، وبينها وبين جيحون يومان من هذا الوجه، وكانت قاعدة ملك السامانية، قال بطليموس في كتاب الملحمة: طولها سبع وثمانون درجة، وعرضها إحدى وأربعون درجة، وهي في الإقليم الخامس، طالعها الأسد تحت عشر درج منه، لها قلب الأسد كامل تحت إحدى وعشرين درجة من السرطان يقابلها مثلها من الجدي بيت ملكها مثلها من الحمل بيت العاقبة مثلها من الميزان، ولها شركة في العيّوق ثلاث درج، ولها في الدّب الأكبر سبع درج، وقال أبو عون في زيجه: عرضها ست وثلاثون درجة وخمسون دقيقة، وهي في الإقليم الرابع. وأما اشتقاقها وسبب تسميتها بهذا الاسم فإني تطلّبته فلم أظفر به، ولا شك أنها مدينة قديمة نزهة كثيرة البساتين واسعة الفواكه جيّدتها عهدي بفواكهها تحمل إلى مرو، وبينهما اثنتا عشرة مرحلة، وإلى خوارزم، وبينهما أكثر من خمسة عشر يوما، وبينها وبين سمرقند سبعة أيام أو سبعة وثلاثون فرسخا، بينهما بلاد الصغد، وقال صاحب كتاب الصّور: وأما نزهة بلاد ما وراء النهر فإني لم أر ولا بلغني في الإسلام بلدا أحسن خارجا من بخارى لأنك إذا علوت قهندزها لم يقع بصرك من جميع النواحي إلّا على خضرة متصلة خضرتها بخضرة السماء فكأنّ السماء بها مكبّة خضراء مكبوبة على بساط أخضر تلوح القصور فيما بينها كالنّواوير فيها، وأراضي ضياعهم منعوتة بالاستواء كالمرآة.
وليس بما وراء النهر وخراسان بلدة أهلها أحسن قياما بالعمارة على ضياعهم من أهل بخارى ولا أكثر عددا على قدرها في المساحة، وذلك مخصوص بهذه البلدة لأن متنزهات الدنيا صغد سمرقند ونهر الأبلّة، وسنصف الصغد في موضعه إن شاء الله تعالى. قال:
فأما بخارى واسمها بومجكث، فهي مدينة على أرض مستوية وبناؤها خشب مشبّك ويحيط بهذا البناء من القصور والبساتين والمحالّ والسكك المفترشة والقرى المتصلة سور يكون اثني عشر فرسخا في مثلها يجمع هذه القصور والأبنية والقرى والقصبة، فلا ترى في خلال ذلك قفارا ولا خرابا، ومن دون هذا السور على خاص القصبة وما يتصل بها من القصور والمساكن والمحالّ والبساتين التي تعدّ من القصبة، ويسكنها أهل القصبة شتاء وصيفا، سور آخر نحو فرسخ في مثله، ولها مدينة داخل هذا السور يحيط بها سور حصين، ولها قهندز خارج المدينة متصل بها ومقداره مدينة صغيرة، وفيه قلعة بها مسكن ولاة خراسان من آل سامان، ولها ربض ومسجد الجامع على باب القهندز، وليس بخراسان وما وراء النهر مدينة أشد اشتباكا من بخارى ولا أكثر أهلا على قدرها، ولهم في الربض نهر الصغد يشقّ الربض، وهو آخر نهر الصغد، فيفضي إلى طواحين وضياع ومزارع ويسقط الفاضل منه في مجمع ماء بحذاء بيكند إلى قرب فربر يعرف بسام خاس، ويتخلّلها أنهار أخر، وداخل هذا السور مدن وقرى كثيرة، منها الطواويس، وهي مدينة بومجكث وزندنة وغير ذلك.
أخبرنا الشريف أبو هشام عبد المطلب حدثنا الإمام
العدل أبو الفتح أحمد بن محمد بن أحمد بن جعفر الحكمي حدثنا أبو اليسر إملاء حدثنا أبو يعقوب يوسف بن منصور السياري الحافظ إملاء وذكر إسنادا رفعه إلى حذيفة بن اليمان، قال: قال رسول الله، صلى الله عليه وسلم: ستفتح مدينة بخراسان خلف نهر يقال له جيحون تسمّى بخارى، محفوفة بالرحمة ملفوفة بالملائكة منصور أهلها النائم فيها على الفراش كالشاهر سيفه في سبيل الله، وخلفها مدينة يقال لها سمرقند، فيها عين من عيون الجنة وقبر من قبور الأنبياء وروضة من رياض الجنة تحشر موتاها يوم القيامة مع الشهداء، من خلفها تربة يقال لها قطوان، يبعث منها سبعون ألف شهيد يشفع كل شهيد في سبعين ألفا من أهل بيته وعترته، قال فقال حذيفة:
لوددت أن أوافق ذلك الزمان فكان أحبّ إليّ من أن أوافق ليلة القدر في أحد المسجدين مسجد الرسول أو المسجد الحرام. وكانت معاملة أهل بخارى في أيام السامانية بالدراهم ولا يتعاملون بالدنانير فيما بينهم، فكان الذهب كالسّلع والعروض، وكان لهم دراهم يسمونها الغطريفية من حديد وصفر وآنك وغير ذلك من جواهر مختلفة، وقد ركبت فلا تجوز هذه الدراهم إلا في بخارى ونواحيها وحدها، وكانت سكتها تصاوير، وهي من ضرب الإسلام، وكانت لهم دراهم أخر تسمّى المسيّبية والمحمدية جميعها من ضرب الإسلام. ومع ما وصفنا من فضل هذه المدينة فقد ذمّها الشعراء ووصفوها بالقذارة وظهور النّجس في أزقتها لأنهم لا كنف لهم، فقال لهم أبو الطيّب طاهر بن محمد بن عبد الله بن طاهر الطاهري:
بخارى من خرا لا شكّ فيه، ... يعزّ بربعها الشيء النظيف
فإن قلت الأمير بها مقيم، ... فذا من فخر مفتخر ضعيف
إذا كان الأمير خرا فقل لي! ... أليس الخرء موضعه الكنيف؟
وقال آخر:
أقمنا في بخارى كارهينا، ... ونخرج إن خرجنا طائعينا
فأخرجنا إله الناس منها، ... فإن عدنا فإنا ظالمونا
وقال محمود بن داود البخاري وقد تلوّث بالسّرجين:
باء بخارى، فاعلمن، زائده ... والألف الوسطى بلا فائده
فهي خرا محض، وسكانها ... كالطير في أقفاصها راكده
وقال أيضا:
ما بلدة مبنية من خرا، ... وأهلها في وسطها دود
تلك بخارى من بخار الخرا، ... يضيع فيها النّدّ والعود
وقال أبو أحمد بن أبي بكر الكاتب:
فقحة الدّنيا بخارى، ... ولنا فيها اقتحام
ليتها تفسو بنا الآ ... ن، فقد طال المقام
وأما حديث فتحها: فإنه لما مات زياد ابن أبيه، في سنة ثلاث وخمسين، في أيام معاوية فوفد عبيد الله بن زياد على معاوية، فقال له معاوية: من استخلف أخي
على عمله؟ فقال: استخلف خالد بن أسيد على الكوفة وسمرة بن جندب على البصرة، فقال له معاوية:
لو استعملك أبوك لاستعملتك، فقال له: أنشدك الله أن لا يقولها أحد بعدك، لو ولّاك أبوك أو عمّك لولّيتك، فعهد إليه وولّاه ثغر خراسان، وقيل: إن الذي ولي خراسان بعد موت زياد من ولده عبد الرحمن، قال البلاذري:
لما مات زياد استعمل معاوية عبيد الله بن زياد على خراسان، وهو ابن خمس وعشرين سنة، فقطع النهر في أربعة وعشرين ألفا، وكان ملك بخارى قد أفضى يومئذ إلى امرأة يسمّونها خاتون، فأتى عبيد الله بيكند، وكانت خاتون بمدينة بخارى فأرسلت إلى التّرك تستمدّهم، فجاءها منهم دهم فلقيهم المسلمون فهزموهم وحووا عسكرهم، وأقبل المسلمون يخرّبون ويحرقون فبعثت إليهم خاتون تطلب منهم الصلح والأمان، فصالحها على ألف ألف ودخل المدينة وفتح زامين وبيكند، وبينهما فرسخان، وزامين تنسب إلى بيكند ويقال: إنه فتح الصغانيان وعاد إلى البصرة في ألفين من سبي بخارى كلّهم جيّد الرمي بالنّشّاب ففرض لهم العطاء، ثم استعمل معاوية على خراسان سعيد بن عثمان بن عفّان سنة 55، فقطع النهر، وقيل: إنه أول من قطعه بجنده، وكان معه رفيع أبو العالية الرياحي، وهو مولّى لامرأة من بني رياح، فقال رفيع وأبو العالية رفعة وعلوّ، فلما بلغ خاتون عبوره حملت إليه الصلح، وأقبل أهل الصغد والترك وأهل كشّ ونسف إلى سعيد في مائة ألف وعشرين ألف فالتقوا ببخارى فندمت خاتون على أدائها الإتاوة ونقضت العهد، فحضر عبد لبعض أهل تلك الجموع فانصرف بمن معه فانكسر الباقون، فلما رأت خاتون ذلك أعطته الرّهن وأعادت الصلح، ودخل سعيد مدينة بخارى ثم غزا سمرقند كما نذكره في سمرقند. ثم لم يبلغني من خبرها شيء إلى سنة 87 في ولاية قتيبة بن مسلم خراسان، فإنه عبر النهر إلى بخارى فحاصرها فاجتمعت الصغد وفرغانة والشاش وبخارى فأحدقوا به أربعة أشهر ثم هزمهم وقتلهم قتلا ذريعا وسبى منهم خمسين ألف رأس، وفتحها فأصاب بها قدورا يصعد إليها بالسلاليم، ثم مضى منها إلى سمرقند، وهي غزوته الأولى، وصفت بخارى للمسلمين، وينسب إلى بخارى خلق كثير من أئمة المسلمين في فنون شتّى، منهم: إمام أهل الحديث أبو عبد الله محمد بن إسماعيل ابن إبراهيم بن مغيرة بن بردزبه، وبردزبه مجوسيّ أسلم على يد يمان البخاري والي بخارى، ويمان هذا هو أبو جدّ عبد الله بن محمد المسندي الجعفي، ولذلك قيل للبخاري: الجعفي نسبة إلى ولائهم، صاحب الجامع الصحيح والتاريخ، رحل في طلب العلم إلى محدّثي الأمصار وكتب بخراسان والعراق والشام والحجاز ومصر، ومولده سنة 194، ومات ليلة عيد الفطر سنة 256، وامتحن وتعصّب عليه حتى أخرج من بخارى إلى خرتنك فمات بها، ومنهم: أبو زكرياء عبد الرحيم بن أحمد بن نصر بن إسحاق بن عمرو بن مزاحم بن غياث التميمي البخاري الحافظ، سمع بما وراء النهر والعراق والشام ومصر وإفريقية والأندلس، ثم سكن مصر وحدث عن عبد الغني بن سعيد الحافظ وتمام بن محمد الرازي وعمن يطول ذكرهم، وحكى عنه الفقيه أبو الفتح نصر بن إبراهيم المقدسي أنه قال: لي ببخارى أربعة عشر ألف جزء أريد أن أمضي وأجيء بها، وقال أبو عبد الله محمد بن أحمد الخطّاب: سمع أبو
زكرياء البخاري ببخارى محمد بن أحمد بن سليمان الغنجار البخاري وأبا الفضل أحمد بن علي بن عمرو السليماني البيكندي وذكر جماعة بعدّة بلاد وقال:
سمع عبد الغني بن سعيد بمصر ودخل الأندلس وبلاد المغرب وكتب بها عن شيوخها ولم يزل يكتب إلى أن مات، وكتب عمن هو دونه، وفي مشايخه كثرة، وكان من الحفاظ الأثبات، عندي عنه مشتبه النسبة لعبد الغني، وقال أبو الفضل بن طاهر المقدسي في كتابه تكملة الكامل في معرفة الضعفاء: قال عبد الرحيم أبو زكرياء البخاري: حدث عن عبد الغني بن سعيد بكتاب مشتبه النسبة قراءة عليه وأنا أسمع، قال ابن طاهر: وفي هذا نظر، فإني سمعت الإمام أبا القاسم سعد بن علي الزنجاني الحافظ يقول: لم يرو هذا الكتاب عن عبد الغني غير ابن ابنته أبي الحسن بن بقاء الخشّاب، قال الحافظ أبو القاسم الدمشقي:
وفي قول الزنجاني هذا نظر فإنه شهادة على نفي وقد وجدنا ما يبطلها، وهو أنه قد روى هذا الكتاب عن عبد الغني أيضا أبو الحسن رشاء بن نظيف المقري، وكان من الثقات، وأبو زكرياء عبد الرحيم ثقة ما سمعنا أن أحدا تكلم فيه، وذكر أبو محمد الأكفاني أن أبا زكرياء البخاري مات بالحوراء سنة 461، وقال غيره: سئل عن مولده فقال في شهر ربيع الأول سنة 382، ومنهم: أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله ابن سينا الحكيم البخاري المشهور أمره المقدور قدره صاحب التصانيف، تقلبت به أحوال أقدمته إلى الجبال فولي الوزارة لشمس الدولة أبي طاهر بن فخر الدولة بن ركن الدولة بن بويه صاحب همذان، وجرت له أمور وتقلبت به نكبات حتى مات في يوم السبت سادس شعبان سنة 428 عن ثمان وخمسين سنة، وأما الفقيه أبو الفضل عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن حمدون بن بخار البخاري وأبوه أبو بكر من أهل نيسابور فمنسوبان إلى جدهما، وأما أبو المعالي أحمد بن محمد بن علي بن أحمد البغدادي البخاري فإنه كان يحرق البخور في جامع المنصور احتسابا، فجعل أهل بغداد البخوريّ بخاريّا وعرف بيته في بغداد ببيت ابن البخاري، قالهما أبو سعد.