عرب

1 عَرُبَ لِسَانُهُ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرُوبَةٌ, His tongue [or speech] was, or became, Arabic, (S, O,) or chaste Arabic. (Msb.) b2: See also 4, first sentence, in three places.

A2: عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَرَبٌ, He (a man) became disordered in the stomach by indigestion. (TA.) And عَرِبَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ, inf. n. as above, His stomach became in a corrupt, or disordered, state, (S, O, Msb, K,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) said of a camel's hump, (O, TA,) It became swollen and purulent. (O, K, TA.) b3: And, said of a wound, (S, O, K, TA,) It became corrupt: (TA:) or it broke open again; or became recrudescent: (S, O:) or it had a scar remaining after it had healed. (K.) b4: Said of a river, It abounded with water. (K.) and عَرِبَتِ البِئْرُ The well contained much water; or its water became abundant. (K.) b5: And, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَرَبٌ (O, * K, * TA) and عَرَابَةٌ, said of a man, (TA,) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly. (K, TA.) A3: عَرَبَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَرْبٌ, (TK,) He ate (O, K) food. (TK.) 2 عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (S,) He (an Arab) arabicized a foreign word; spoke it, or pronounced it, agreeably with the ways of Arabic speech; (S;) as also ↓ اعرب, (S, O, *) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) b2: And He taught another the Arabic language. (TA, from a trad.) b3: See also 4, in fourteen places. b4: The inf. n. signifies also The showing, or declaring, one's saying, (K, TA,) and one's deed, (TA,) to be bad, evil, abominable, or foul. (K, TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He showed him, or declared to him, that his saying, and his deed, was bad, &c.; and upbraided him for it. (TA.) And فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَمَا عَرَّبَ عَلَىَّ أَحَدٌ I did so and so, and no one upbraided me; or charged me with having acted disgracefully. (Az, TA.) And عرّب عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, (S, O,) and قَوْلَهُ, (TA,) He showed him, or declared to him, that his deed was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, (S, O,) and so his saying. (TA.) تَعْرِيبٌ is The saying to a man who has uttered what is foul, or erroneous, “It is not so, but so; ” telling him what is more correct. (Sh, TA.) And The replaying against a speaker; (K, TA;) and so ↓ إِعْرَابٌ. (TA.) One says, عرّب عَلَيْهِ He replied against him, denying or disallowing or disapproving what he said: (S:) or he prevented, hindered, or forbade, him: or he did so, and denied or disallowed or disapproved [what he said or did]. (TA.) [See what next follows.] b5: Also The treating medically, to remove his disease, one whose stomach is in a corrupt, or disordered, state. (O, K. [In both, التَّعْرِيبُ is expl. as meaning تَمْرِيضُ العَرِبِ i. e. الذَّرِبِ المَعِدَةِ. Freytag has strangely rendered the verb as signifying “ ægrotum reddidit aliquem stomachi corruptio. ”]) Az says that التَّعْرِيبُ followed by عَلَى and having for its object him who says what is disapproved may be from this. (TA.) b6: Also The lopping a palm-tree; or pruning it by cutting off some of its branches. (S, O, K. *) b7: And The scarifying a horse or similar beast in the parts of the skin next the hoofs and then cauterizing those parts: (K, TA:) or the cauterizing a horse in several places in those parts, and then gently scarifying them without producing any effect upon the sinews, or tendons, (Az, O, TA,) in order to strengthen the parts, (Az, TA,) or in order that the hair may become strong: (O:) or عرّب الفَرَسَ signifies he made an incision in the bottom of the horse's hoof; and the verb implies that, by this operation, what was concealed becomes apparent to the eye, so that one knows the state of the hoof, whether it be hard or soft, sound or diseased. (L, TA. See also 1 in art. بزغ.) A2: Also, the inf. n., The getting, or procuring for oneself, an Arabian horse. (TA. [See also 4, near the end.]) b2: And The taking, or making, for oneself, an Arabian bow. (O, K.) A3: Also the drinking much clear, or limpid, water, (O, K,) which is termed عَرِب. (O.) A4: عرّب البَقَرَةَ, (K,) or ↓ أَعْرَبَهَا, (O,) He rendered the cow desirous [of copulation]; said of a bull. (O, K.) A5: And عرّب, (Fr, Mgh, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; (Fr, O, K;) and ↓ اعرب, (Fr, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; (Fr, Mgh, K;) and ↓ عَرْبَنَ; (O, and S and K in art. عربن;) He gave what is termed an عُرْبُون (O, Msb, K) or عُرْبَان (Fr, Mgh) [i. e. an earnest], فِى كَذَا [in the case of such a thing], (O,) or فِى بَيْعِهِ [in the case of his purchase]. (Msb.) One says, ↓ أَعْرَبُوا فِى الدَّارِ أَرْبَعَمِائَةٍ They paid in advance, as an earnest, in the case of the house, four hundred [dirhems]. (L, TA.) It is related in a trad. that ↓ الإِعْرَاب in buying and selling is forbidden: (Mgh, O, TA:) this is said by Sh to mean A man's saying to another, If I do not purchase this for so much, thou shalt have such and such of my property. (O, TA.) 3 عَاْرَبَ [The following ex. is given of the inf. n. of this verb.] One says, مَا أُوتِىَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ مُعَارَبَةِ النِّسَآءِ مَا أُوتِىَ فُلَانٌ, (O,) or مَا أُوتِيتُهُ أَنَا, (TA,) meaning, (O, TA,) app., (TA,) [No one has been given what such a one has been given, or what I have been given, of] the means of coïtus [with women]. (O, TA.) 4 اعرب, (Az, Msb, TA,) [for اعرب الكَلَامَ, like افصح for افصح الكَلَامَ,] inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (A, K,) He spoke clearly, plainly, distinctly, or intel-ligibly, (Az, A, Msb, K, * TA,) in Arabic; (Msb;) as also ↓ تعرّب, and ↓ استعرب; said of a foreigner, or one [previously] not clear, plain, distinct, or intelligible, in speech: (Az, Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُرْبٌ and عُرُوبٌ, accord. to Th, and عُرْبَةٌ and عِرَابَةٌ [which accord. to general analogy would be عَرَابَةٌ] and عُرُوبِيَّةٌ; (TA;) or ↓ عَرِبَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) [likewise] signifies he spoke clearly, plainly, or distinctly, after being barbarous, or vitious, in speech: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عَرُبَ he spoke without incorrectness; (Msb;) and [so اعرب, for] إِعْرَابٌ signifies the committing no error in speech: (K, TA:) and the expressing of meanings clearly, plainly, distinctly, or perspicuously, by words. (TA.) [↓ عرّب, also, has a similar meaning:] it is said in a trad., أَنْ ↓ كَانُوا يَسْتَحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُلَقِّنُوا الصَّبِىَّ حِينَ يُعَرِّبُ يَقُولَ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ سَبْعَ مَرَّاتٍ (O, TA) i. e. [They used to like teaching the boy,] when he spoke distinctly, or articulately, [to say “ There is no deity but God ” seven times.] (TA.) And one says, اعرب الكَلَامَ, and اعرب بِهِ, meaning He made the speech [that he spoke] clear, plain, distinct, or perspicuous. (TA.) And اعرب بِحُجَّتِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, his argument, plea, allegation, or the like, without fearing any one. (S, O.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الشَّىْءَ and اعربت عَنْهُ, and ↓ عَرَّبْتُهُ and عرّبت عَنْهُ, which last, accord. to Fr, is better than عرّبتهُ and اعربتهُ, I made the thing clear, plain, distinct, or manifest. (Msb.) And اعرب عَمَّا فِى ضَمِيرِهِ He declared, or spoke out clearly or plainly, what was in his mind. (TA.) And اعرب عَنْهُ لِسَانُهُ, and ↓ عرّب عنه, His tongue made clear, or plain, or spoke clearly, or plainly, for him: and عَمَّا فِى ↓ يُعَرِّبُ قَلْبِهِ لِسَانُهُ His tongue tells plainly, or declares, what is in his heart. (Az, TA.) It is said in a trad., الثَّيِّبُ تُعْرِبُ عَنْ نَفْسِهَا, (S,) or الأَيِّمُ, and ↓ تُعَرِّبُ, accord. to different relaters, but some say the former only, (Msb,) i. e. [She who has become a widow, or been divorced, &c., or she who has no husband, whether she be a virgin or not, or not being a virgin,] shall speak out plainly for herself [when demanded in marriage]: (S, Msb:) or الثَّيِّبُ يُعْرِبُ عَنْهَا لِسَانُهَا, so accord. to IKt, (O,) or عنها ↓ يُعَرِّبُ, (Mgh, O,) so accord. to A 'Obeyd, but, as IAmb says, both are dial. vars. of which neither is preferable to the other; and the meaning is [she who has become a widow, &c., her tongue] shall declare for her. (O.) One says also, اعرب عَنِ الرَّجُلِ He spoke out, or explained, for the man. (TA.) And عَنِ القَوْمِ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ I spoke for the people, or party; (Fr, S, Mgh, * O, K;) and pleaded for them; (Fr, Mgh, * TA;) as also أَعْرَبْتُ; but the former in this sense is better known. (Mgh.) And اعرب عَنْهُ, and عنه ↓ عرّب, He pleaded his cause. (TA.) and عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ ↓ عرّب He spoke and pleaded for the object of his want. (A.) b2: اعرب also signifies He was, or became, chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech; although not an Arab. (Msb.) And لَهُ الكَلَامَ ↓ عَرَّبْتُ, inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ; as also أَعْرَبْتُ له, inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ; I made the speech [that I spoke] clear, or plain, to him, so that there was in it no barbarousness. (TA.) And مَنْطِقَهُ ↓ عرّب, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْرِيبٌ, (K,) He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness. (S, O, K.) And أَعْرَبْتُ الحَرْفَ I made the حرف [i. e. word] clear, or plain: or the ا in this case denotes privation, and the meaning is (assumed tropical:) I removed its عرب, [app. ↓ عَرَب, from this word as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.,] i. e. vagueness. (Msb.) And اعرب كَلَامَهُ He made his speech free from error, or incorrectness, in [what is termed] الإِعْرَاب [here meaning what grammarians generally intend thereby, namely, desinential syntax, or the science of the various inflections of words, literal or virtual, by reason of the various governing words]. (S, O.) [اعرب is also used by grammarians as meaning He declined a word; and أُعْرِبَ as meaning It was declined, or declinable; in these senses opposed to بَنَى and بُنِىَ, inf. n. بِنَآءٌ: and the former also as meaning He analyzed grammatically, or parsed, a sentence: and the inf. n. of the verb (act. and pass.) in these senses is إِعْرَابٌ.] b3: See also 2, first sentence: b4: and again in the first third part of the paragraph. b5: إِعْرَابٌ also signifies The making [a person] to revert from, or relinquish, foul speech; (K, TA;) and so ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ. (TA.) b6: And The speaking foul, or obscene, language; as also ↓ تَعْرِيبٌ, and ↓ اِسْتِعْرَابٌ: (O, K:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K, TA.) One says of a man, اعرب [&c.], (S, O,) or اعرب فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) He spoke foul, or obscene, language. (S, O, Msb.) [Golius and Freytag have assigned this meaning to ↓ تعرّب also: the latter of them as from the S and K; in neither of which do I find it.] b7: And The act of copulating: or the speaking of that act in an oblique, or indirect, manner. (K.) A2: and اعرب, (S, O,) inf. n. إِعْرَابٌ, (K,) He had a child born to him of Arabian complexion, or colour. (S, O, K.) b2: And He possessed, or acquired, or sought to acquire, horses, or camels, of pure Arabian race. (TA. [See also 2, in the middle of the latter half; and see مُعْرِبٌ.]) b3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies One's knowing a horse of pure Arabian race from one of mean race by his neighing. (K.) And A horse's being known by his neighing to be of pure Arabian race, free from any admixture of other than Arabian blood: (K, TA:) [or his making himself to be known as such by his neighing; for] اعرب means he (a horse) neighed, and was consequently known to be of Arabian race. (A.) b4: And The making a horse to run. (K.) Accord. to Fr, one says, اعرب عَلَى فَرَسِهِ, meaning He made his horse to run: but he adds that some say اغرب. (O.) A3: And إِعْرَابٌ signifies The taking as one's wife a woman such as is termed عَرُوبٌ [q. v.]. (K.) A4: اعرب سَقْىُ القَوْمِ meansThe people's watering [of their camels], having been at one time on alternate days, and another time on the fourth day after that of the next preceding watering, then became, and continued to be, of one uniform way. (S, O.) A5: See also 2, last four sentences.5 تعرّب He assimilated himself to the Arabs. (S.) He (a man not of genuine Arabian descent) introduced himself among the Arabs, and spoke their language, and imitated their manner or appearance; [he became a naturalized, or an insitious, Arab; (see العَرَبُ;)] as also ↓ استعرب. (Az, TA.) b2: He became an Arab of the desert; (S, Mgh;) he returned to the desert, (Az, Mgh, TA,) after he had been dwelling in a region of cities or towns or villages and of cultivated land, and joined himself to the Arabs of the desert. (Az, TA.) Hence, تعرّب بَعْدَ هِجْرَتِهِ He became an Arab of the desert [after his flight, or emigration, for the sake of El-Islám], (S, Mgh,) returning to the desert. (Mgh.) b3: He dwelt, or abode, in the desert. (O, K.) b4: See also 4, first sentence. b5: تَعَرَّبَتْ لِزَوْجِهَا She acted in an amorous manner, or with amorous dalliance, and mani-fested love, to her husband. (A, TA.) b6: Respecting a meaning assigned to تعرّب by Golius and Freytag, see 4, latter half.10 استعرب: see 5: b2: see also 4, first sentence: b3: and the same again in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: استعرب جَرَبًا, said of a camel, He was affected with mange, or scab, which began in his armpits and groins or similar parts, and his lips, and appeared upon the general extent of his skin. (O.) b2: And استعربت, said of a cow, She desired the bull. (O, K.) Q. Q. 1 عَرْبَنَ: see 2, near the end.

عَرْبٌ is syn. with إِعْرَابٌ in the sense of إِفْصَاحٌ [but app. as a subst. (not an inf. n.) meaning Clear, plain, or distinct, speech]. (TA.) b2: and syn. with عِرَابَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) b3: And syn. with عَرَبٌ as [inf. n. of عَرِبَ, and] meaning نَشَاطٌ [i. e. Briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness]. (O, K.) العُرْبُ: see العَرَبُ, first sentence.

عِرْبٌ Such as is dried up, of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى: (S, O, K:) or of any herb, or leguminous plant: n. un. with ة: or عِرْبُ البُهْمَى signifies the prickles of the بُهْمَى. (TA.) العَرَبُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ العُرْبُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) A certain people, or nation; [the Arabs, or Arabians;] (S, O;) the contr. of العَجَمُ (A, Msb, K, TA) and العُجْمُ; (TA;) the inhabitants of the cities, or large towns, (S, A, O, K,) or of the Arabian cities and towns or villages: (Mgh:) [but now, on the contrary, generally applied to those who dwell in the desert:] or those who have alighted and made their abode in the cultivated regions, and have taken as their homes the Arabian cities and towns or villages, and others also that are related to them: (Az, Msb:) or [accord. to general usage] an appellation of common application [to the whole nation]: (T, K:) [and in the lexicons and lexicological works applied to the desert Arabs of pure speech:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, K:) and العَرَبُ has two pls., namely, العُرُبُ, with two dammehs, and الأَعْرُبُ [which is a pl. of pauc.]: (Msb:) the rel. n. [which serves as a sing.] is ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (S, O, K: [عَرَبٌ عَرَبِىٌّ in the CK is a mistake:]) accord. to Az, (TA,) this appellation is applied to a man of established Arab lineage, even if he be not chaste, or correct, in speech. (Msb, TA.) The dim. of العَرَبُ is ↓ العُرَيْبُ, (S, O,) without ة, (O, TA,) an extr. word [with respect to analogy, as the undiminished noun is fem.]: (TA:) a poet (Abu-l-Hindee, whose name was 'Abd-El-Mu-min, son of 'AbdEl-Kuddoos, O, TA) says, وَمَكْنُ الضِّبَابِ طَعَامُ العُرَيْبِ وَلَا تَشْتَهِيهِ نُفُوسُ العَجَمْ

[And the eggs of dabbs are food of the little Arabs; but the souls of the Foreigners do not desire them]: in which he uses the dim. form to imply respect, or honour, like as it is used in the saying أَنَا جُذَيْلُهَا المُحَكَّكُ وَعُذَيْقُهَا المُرَجَّبُ [expl. in art. جذل]. (S, O.) b2: ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ (in which the latter word is used as a corroborative of the former as in لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ, S, O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ (O) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ (K) and ↓ العَرَبُ العَرِبَاتُ (CK [but this I do not find in any other copy of the K]) are appellations of The pure, or genuine Arabs: (S, A, O, K:) or those who spoke the language of Yaarub Ibn-Kahtán; which is the ancient language: (Msb:) and ↓ العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) as also ↓ العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ, (S, O, K,) is an appellation of The insititious [or naturalized Arabs]; (K;) those who are not pure, or genuine, Arabs: (S, O:) or those who spoke the language of Ismá'eel [or Ishmael] the son of Ibráheem [or Abraham], i. e., the dialects of El-Hijáz and the parts adjacent thereto: (Msb:) and the appellation of ↓ مُسْتَعْرِبَةٌ is thought by Az to apply [also] to people not of pure Arabian descent, who have introduced themselves among the Arabs, and speak their language, and imitate their manner or appearance. (TA.) [The former division is most reasonably considered as consisting of the extinct tribes ('Ád, Thamood, and others mentioned in what follows); or of these together with the unmixed descendants of Kahtán, whose claims to the appellation of genuine Arabs are held by many to be equally valid: and the latter division, as consisting of those whose origin is referred, through Ma'add and 'Adnán, to Ismá'eel (or Ishmael), whose wife was descended from Kahtán. What I find in the TA, on this subject, is as follows.] The former of these two divisions consisted of nine tribes, descendants of Irem [or Aram] the son of Sám [or Shem] the son of Nooh [or Noah]; namely, 'Ád, Thamood, Umeiyim, 'Abeel, Tasm, Jedees, 'Imleek [or Amalek], Jurhum, and Webári; and from them Ismá'eel [or Ishmael is said to have] learned the Arabic language: and the ↓ مُتَعَرِّبَة are [said to be] the descendants of Ismá'eel, the descendants of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán the son of Udd: so says Abu-l-Khattáb Ibn-Dihyeh, surnamed Dhun-Nesebeyn: or the former division consisted of seven tribes, namely, 'Ád, Thamood, 'Imleek, Tasm, Jedees, Umeiyim, and Jásim; the main portion of whom has become extinct, some remains of them, only, being scattered among the [existing] tribes: so says IDrd: and the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ is also given to the descendants of Yaarub the son of Kahtán [only]. (TA.) [It should be observed, however, that the appellation of ↓ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ is, by those who hold the extinct tribes above mentioned as the only genuine Arabs, applied to the unmixed descendants of Kahtán; and ↓ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ, to those who are held to be the descendants of Ismá'eel: thus in the Mz, 1st نوع.

Also, it should be observed that the appellation of ↓ العَرَبُ العَارِبِةُ, in the conventional language of Arabic lexicology, is often applied to the Arabs of the classical ages, and the later Arabs of the desert who retained the pure language of their ancestors, indiscriminately: it is thus applied by writers quoted in the Mz (1st نوع) to all the descendants of Kahtán, and those of Ma'add the son of 'Adnán (through whom all the descendants of Ismá'eel trace their ancestry) who lived before the corruption, among them, of the Arabic language.] b3: ↓ الأَعْرَابُ is the appellation given to Those [Arabs] who dwell in the desert; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) such as go about in search of herbage and water; and Az adds, whether of the Arabs or of their freedmen: he says that it is applied to those who alight and abide in the desert, and are neighbours of the dwellers in the desert, and journey, or migrate, with them, to seek after herbage and water: (Msb:) it is not a pl. of العَرَبُ, not being like الأَنْبَاطُ, which is pl. of النَّبَطُ; (S, O;) but is a [coll.] gen. n.: (S:) الأَعَارِيبُ occurs as its pl. (S, O, K) in chaste poetry: (S:) it has no sing. [properly so termed]: (K:) the rel. n. is ↓ أَعْرَابِىٌّ, (S, O,) which is applied to single person; (Msb;) as also بَدَوِىٌّ: (TA:) Az says, if one say to an أَعْرَابِىّ, يَا عَرَبِىُّ, he is pleased; and if one say to an عَرَبِىّ, يَا أَعْرَابِىُّ, he is angry. (TA.) b4: Authors differ as to the cause why the عَرَب were thus called: some say, because of the perspicuity of their speech, from إِعْرَابٌ: others, that they were so called from Yaarub the son of Kahtán, who is said to have been the first that spoke the Arabic language; his original language having been, as asserted by IDrd, [what the Arabs term] Syriac; though some say that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the Arabic language; and some, that Yaarub was the first that spoke Arabic, and that Ismá'eel was the first that spoke the pure Arabic of El-Hijáz, in which the Kur-án was revealed: others say that the عَرَب were so called from العَرَبَةُ, the name of a tract near El-Medeeneh, or a name of Mekkeh and the adjacent region, where Ismá'eel settled, or the same as Tihámeh [as is said in the Mgh, in which this is pronounced to be the most correct derivation], or the general name of the peninsula of Arabia, which is also called العَرَبَاتُ [as is said in the Msb]: but some say that they were so called in like manner as were the فُرْس and the رُوم and the تُرْك and others, not after the name of a land or other than a land, but by the coining of the name, not a term expressive of a quality or a state or condition &c. (TA.) [If the country were called العَرَبَةُ, an inhabitant thereof might be called, agreeably with analogy, عَرَبِىٌّ; and then, the people collectively, العَرَبُ: but I think that the most probable derivation is from the old Hebrew word

עְרֶב, meaning “ a mixed people,”

which the Arabs assert themselves to have been, almost from the first; and in favour of this derivation it may be reasonably urged that the old Himyeritic language agrees more in its vocabulary with the Hebrew and Phœnician than it does with the classical and modern Arabic.]

A2: See also عَرَبَةٌ.

A3: And see عَرِبٌ.

A4: [It also app. signifies (assumed tropical:) Vagueness (considered as an unsoundness) in a word; from the same as inf. n. of عَرِبَ used in relation to the stomach &c.:] see 4, latter half.

عَرِبٌ [part. n. of عَرِبَ, q. v.: as such signifying] Having the stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state. (O, K.) And مَعِدَةٌ عَرِبَةٌ A stomach in a bad, or corrupt, state, (S, O, TA,) from being burdened. (TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ عَرَبٌ, (O, K,) the former of which is the more common, (TA,) and ↓ عُرْبُبٌ, (O, K,) Abundant water, (O, K,) such as is clear, or limpid. (K.) And نَهْرٌ عَرِبٌ (TA) and ↓ عَارِبٌ and ↓ عَارِبَةٌ (K) A river containing abundance of water. (K, TA.) And بِئْرٌ عَرِبَةٌ A well containing much water. (K.) b3: عَرِبَةٌ applied to a woman: see عَرُوبٌ, in four places. b4: العَرَبُ العَرِبَةُ and العَرِبَاتُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter.

عَرْبَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ.

عَرَبَةٌ A river that flows with a vehement, or strong, current. (S, O, K.) A2: And i. q. نَفْسٌ [The soul, mind, or self]. (S, O, K.) [It is thought to occur in a pl. sense, without ة, as a coll. gen. n., in the following sense, quoted in the S immediately after the explanation above.] A poet says, (S,) namely, Ibn-Meiyádeh, (O,) لَمَّا أَتَيْتُكَ أَرْجُو فَضْلَ نَائِلِكُمْ

↓ نَفَحْتَنِى نَفَحَةً طَابَتْ لَهَا العَرَبُ [When I came to thee, hoping for the redundance of your bounty, thou gavest me a gift with which the souls were pleased]: (S, O:) thus related by some, and expl. as meaning طَابَتْ لَهَا النُّفُوسُ: but the [approved] relation is, طَارَتْ بِهَا العَرَبُ [(assumed tropical:) which the Arabs made to fly upon the wings of fame], i. e. حَدَّثَتِ العَرَبُ النَّاسَ بِهَا [meaning (assumed tropical:) of which the Arabs talked to the people]. (O.) A3: Also sing. of عَرَبَاتٌ (TA) which is the name of Certain stationary vessels that used to be in the Tigris. (K, TA.) b2: [As meaning A wheel-carriage of any kind (which is commonly called in Egypt عَرَبِيَّة) it is post-classical.]

العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter: and see عَرْبَانُ.

عُرْبُبٌ: see عَرِبٌ.

عَرَبِىٌّ; and العَرَبُ العَرَبِيَّةُ: see العَرَبُ, first quarter. b2: لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمْ عَرَبِيًّا, (Mgh, O, K, TA,) in a trad., or, as some relate it, ↓ العَرَبِيَّةَ, (TA,) means Engrave not on your signets مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ; (Mgh, O, K, TA;) because this was engraved on the Prophet's own signet: (O, TA:) as though he had said, نَبِيًّا عَرَبِيًّا [an Arabian prophet]; meaning himself. (O, K, TA.) Omar said, ↓ لَا تَنْقُشُوا فِى خَوَاتِيمِكُمُ العَرَبِيَّةَ [Engrave not on your signets Arabic]: and Ibn-'Omar disapproved of engraving on a signet words from the Kur-án. (Mgh, * O, TA.) [عَرَبِىُّ الوَجْهِ often occurs in post-classical works as meaning Having an Arab face; i. e. long-faced; opposed to تُرْكِىُّ الوَجْهِ.] b3: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A white barley, the ears of which are bifurcate [so I render, agreeably with the TK, سُنْبُلُهُ حَرْفَانِ]: (K, TA:) it is wide, and its grain is large, larger than the grain of the barley of El-'Irak, and it is the best of barley. (TA.) العَرَبِيَّةُ The Arabic language; (S, TA;) the language of the Kur-án. (Msb.) Katádeh says that the tribe of Kureysh used to cull, or select, what was most excellent in the dialects of the Arabs, [in the doing of which they were aided by the confluence of pilgrims from all parts of the country,] so that their dialect became the most excellent of all, and the Kur-án was therefore revealed in that dialect. (TA.) See also عَرَبِىٌّ, in two places. b2: And see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرْبَانُ [written in the TA without any syll. signs, but it is app. thus, fem. عَرْبَآءُ (like حَيْرَآءُ fem. of حَيْرَانُ), whence, probably, the appellation ↓ العَرَبُ العَرْبَآءُ,] A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech: so in the Towsheeh. (TA.) [See also عَرِيبٌ.]

عُرْبَانٌ and عُرُبَّانٌ: see what next follows.

عَرَبُونٌ and عُرْبُونٌ and ↓ عُرْبَانٌ (Mgh, * O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُرُبَّانٌ, mentioned on the authority of Ibn-Es-Seed, as of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and عَرْبُونٌ, mentioned by AHei, but this last is a vulgar word, and is disallowed by Lb; (TA;) as also أَرَبُونٌ and أُرْبُونٌ and أُرْبَانٌ; (Mgh, * Msb, K;) [An earnest, or earnest-money;] a portion of the price, whereby a bargain is ratified; (K, TA;) a thing that is paid by the purchaser of a commodity, (Mgh, O, Msb,) or by the hirer of a thing, (Msb,) on the condition that if the sale (Mgh, O, Msb) or hire (Msb) have effect, it shall be reckoned as part of the price, and otherwise shall not be reclaimed; (Mgh, O, Msb;) called by the vulgar رَبُون: (O:) it is forbidden in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) and by most of the lawyers, but allowed by some: (TA:) عربون is said by As to be a foreign word arabicized, (Msb,) and so say many authors; though it is said by some of the expositors of the Fs to be from التَّعْرِيبُ signifying “ the making clear, plain,” &c.; اربون being also derived from أُرْبَةٌ signifying “ a knot: ” (TA:) and [it is said that] the ن in عربون and عربان may be augmentative or radical, because one says أَعْرَبَ فِى كَذَا and عَرْبَنَ. (O.) b2: [Hence,] أَلْقَى عَرَبُونَهُ (assumed tropical:) He ejected his excrement, or ordure. (O, K, TA.) عِرْبِيَآءُ: see عَرُوبَآءُ.

عَرَابٌ The fruit of the species of tree called خَزَم [q. v.], of the bark of which [tree] ropes are made: (O, K, TA:) [beads which are used in prayer are made thereof, (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees,) i. e., of the berries thus called, and] it [the fruit] is eaten by the apes, or monkeys, and sometimes, in a case of hunger, by men: n. un. with ة. (O, TA.) خَيْلٌ عِرَابٌ Horses of pure Arabian race; (Mgh, K;) opposed to بَرَاذِينُ; (S, O, Msb;) also termed ↓ أَعْرُبٌ and ↓ مُعْرِبَةٌ, (K,) which last [erroneously written in the CK مَعْرِبَةٌ] is fem. of مُعْرِبٌ, signifying a horse having no strain of admixture of other than Arabian blood: (Ks, S, O:) one of such horses is [also] termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ: (Mgh, Msb:) by the pl. عِرَابٌ, they distinguish beasts from human beings. (Mgh.) b2: And إِبِلٌ عِرَابٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ أَعْرُبٌ (TA) Camels of pure Arabian race: (K;) opposed to بَخَاتِىٌّ. (S, O, Msb.) b3: And بَقَرٌ عِرَابٌ A goodly sort of oxen, of generous race, with short and fine hair, smooth, or sleek, (Msb,) having even backs, and thick hoofs and hides: one of which is termed ↓ عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA voce دَرَبَانِيَّةٌ.) عَرُوبٌ A woman who manifests love to her husband; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) and is obedient to him; (IAar, TA;) as also ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ: (TA:) and (so in the O and TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman disobedient to her husband; (IAar, O, K, TA;) unfaithful to him by unchastity; corrupt in her mind: (IAar, O, TA:) as though having two contr. meanings; [the latter meaning] from عَرْب [a mistranscription for عَرَب] signifying

“ corruptness ” of the stomach: (O:) or who loves him passionately, or excessively: or who manifests love to him, evincing passionate, or excessive, desire: [lit., evincing that; meaning what is expressed by the words immediately preceding it; for otherwise this last explanation would be the same as the first; and as I have rendered it, it is nearly the same as an explanation in the Expos. of the Jel (lvi. 36), manifesting love to her husband, by reason of passionate, or excessive, desire:] (K:) and (so in the TA, but in the CK “ or ”) a woman who is a great laugher: and ↓ عَرُوبَةٌ and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signify the same: (K:) the pl. of the first is عُرُبٌ (S, O, K) and عُرْبٌ; (TA;) and the pl. of ↓ عَرِبَةٌ is عَرِبَاتٌ: (K:) IAth says that ↓ عَرِبَةٌ signifies a woman who is eager for play, or sport: and عُرُبٌ, he adds, is pl. of ↓ عَرِيبٌ, which signifies a woman of goodly person, who manifests love to her husband: and it is also said that عُرُبٌ signifies women who use amorous gesture or behaviour, and coquettish boldness, with feigned coyness or opposition: or who make a show of, or act with, lasciviousness: or passionately loving: and ↓ عَرِبَةٌ and عَرُوبٌ, accord. to Lh, signify a woman passionately loving, and lascivious. (TA.) عَرِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُعْرِبٌ, which means, accord. to Az, A man chaste, uncorrupt, or free from barbarousness, in speech. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] مَا بِالدَّارِ عَرِيبٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مُعْرِبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) There is not in the house any one: (S, O, K:) used [in this sense] as applying to either sex, but only in a negative phrase. (TA.) b3: See also عَرُوبٌ, latter half.

العُرَيْبُ: see العَرَبُ (of which it is the dim.), second sentence.

عَرَابَةٌ: see عِرَابَةٌ. b2: Also Coïtus. (TA.) A2: And A bag with which the udder of a sheep, or goat, is covered: pl. عَرَابَاتٌ. (IAar, O, K.) عِرَابَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَرَابَةٌ (O, TA) and ↓ عَرْبَةٌ (O) or ↓ عَرْبٌ (TA) Foul, or obscene, speech or talk; (S, O, K, TA;) like إِعْرَابٌ and تَعْرِيبٌ. (K.) عَرُوبَةٌ: see عَرُوبٌ, in two places.

A2: عَرُوبَةُ (O, K) and العَرُوبَةُ (K) and (O) يَوْمُ العَرُوبَةِ (S, O) Friday; (S, O, K;) and ancient name of that day (S, O, TA) in the Time of Ignorance: (TA:) accord. to some, it is most chastely without the article; (TA;) thus it occurs in old poetry of the Time of Ignorance; (O;) and it is thought to be not Arabic; (TA;) and said to be arabicized from the Nabathæan أَرُبَا: (Har p. 340, q. v.:) accord. to others, the article is inseparable from it; and its meaning, accord. to Ibn-En-Nahhás is the manifest and magnified, from أَعْرَبَ “ he made clear, plain,” &c.; or accord. to an authority cited in the R, its meaning is mercy. (TA.) [See art. ابجد.]

عُرُوبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ عُرُوبِيَّةٌ (K) The quality of being Arabian: (S, K, TA:) each [said to be] an inf. n. having no verb. (TA. [But see عَرُبَ at the commencement of this art. and under أَعْرَبَ.]) And ↓ عَرَبِيَّةٌ is used [in the same sense] as denoting the quality of a horse such as is termed عَرَبِىٌّ. (TA.) عَرُوبَآءُ a name of The seventh heaven: (IAth, K, TA:) or, accord. to Sub, it is ↓ عِرْبِيَآءُ, corresponding to جِرْبِيَآءُ, which is a name of “ the seventh earth; ” (TA in this art.;) or these two words are with the article ال. (TA in art. جرب.) عُرُوبِيَّةٌ: see عُرُوبَةٌ.

عَرَّابٌ One who makes عَرَابَات (pl. of عَرَابَةٌ) i. e. bags to cover the udders of sheep or goats. (IAar, O, K.) عَرَبْرَبٌ i. q. سُمَّاقٌ [i. e. Sumach]. (O, TA.) قِدْرٌ عَرَبْرَبِيَّةٌ i. q. سُمَّاقِيَّةٌ [app. meaning A cooking-pot in which food prepared with sumach is cooked]. (O.) عَارِبٌ and عَارِبَةٌ: see عَرِبٌ. b2: العَرَبُ العَارِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, in two places.

أَعْرَبُ More, or most, distinct or plain [&c.]. (TA.) الأَعْرُبُ is a pl. of العَرَبُ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: See also عِرَابٌ, in two places.

الأَعْرَابُ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

أَعْرَابِىٌّ: see العَرَبُ, latter half.

مُعْرِبٌ: see عَرِيبٌ, in two places: b2: and see عِرَابٌ. b3: Also One who has horses of pure Arabian race: (S, O:) one who has with him a horse of such race: and one who possesses, or acquires, or seeks to acquire, horses, or camels, of such race. (TA.) اسْمٌ مُعَرَّبٌ [An arabicized noun;] a noun received by the Arabs from foreigners, indeterminate, [i. e. significant of a meaning, (as is said in the Mz, 19th نوع,)], such as إِبْرِيسَم [meaning “ silk ”], and, if possible, accorded to some one of the forms of Arabic words; otherwise, spoken by them as they received it; and sometimes they derived from it: but if they received it as a proper name, it is not termed مُعَرَّبٌ, but أَعْجَمِىٌّ, like إِبْرَاهِيمُ and إِسْحَاقُ. (Msb.) [مُعَرَّبٌ alone is also used in this sense, as a subst: and as such its pl. is مُعَرَّبَاتٌ: thus in the Mz, ubi suprà; and often in lexicons &c.]

العَرَبُ المُتَعَرِّبَةُ and see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

العَرَبُ المُسْتَعْرِبَةُ: see العَرَبُ, each in three places.

عسر

1 عَسُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُسْرٌ (S, A, O, Msb, K) and عُسُرٌ (S, A, K) and عَسَارَةٌ (Msb, K) [and مَعْسُورٌ and عُسْرَةٌ and مَعْسَرَةٌ and مَعْسُرَةٌ and عُسْرَى (see عُسْرٌ below)]; and عَسِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَسَرٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and ↓ تعسّر, (A, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ تعاسر, (K,) and ↓ استعسر; (A, O, Msb, K;) It (an affair, or a thing, S, A, O, Msb) was, or became, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate. (S, A, O, Msb, K, * TA.) You say, عَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ, (TA,) and عَسِرَ, (S, O,) and ↓ تعسّر, and ↓ تعاسر, and ↓ استعسر, (K,) It was, or became, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate, to him. (S, * O, * K.) b2: عَسُرَ مَا فِى البَطْنِ, (as in the CK and a MS. copy of the K,) or عَسَرَ, (accord. to the TA,) What was in the belly would not come forth. (K.) You say عَسَرَ عَلَيْهِ مَا فِى البَطْنِ What was in his belly would not come forth. (TA.) b3: See also 4. b4: عَسُرَ, (Msb,) or عَسَرَ, (IKtt, TA,) or عَسِرَ, (TK,) inf. n. عُسْرٌ and عَسَارَةٌ (Msb, IKtt, TA) and عَسَرٌ, (IKtt, K,) He (a man) had little gentleness, (Msb, IKtt,) فِى الأُمُورِ [in the execucution of affairs]; (Msb;) and was narrow, or niggardly, in disposition: (IKtt:) or he was hard in disposition; or illnatured. (K, * TK.) b5: عَسُرَ عَلَيْهِ, (A, and so in the CK and a MS. copy of the K,) or عَسَرَ, (as in the TA,) inf. n. عُسْرٌ, (TA,) He acted contrarily, or adversely, to him; opposed him; (A, K;) as also ↓ عسّر, (K,) inf. n. تَعْسِيرٌ: (TA:) and عليه ↓ عسّر also signifies he straitened him. (Sb, O, * TA.) b6: عَسُرَ الزَّمَانُ, (so in the CK and in a MS. copy of the K,) or عَسَرَ, (so in the TA,) Time, or fortune, became severe, rigorous, afflictive, or adverse, (K,) عَلَيْنَا to us. (TA. b7: عَسُرَتِ النَّاقَةُ and عَسِرَت The she-camel was untrained. (O.) b8: And عَسَرَتْ, (K, TA,) and عَسَرَتْ بِذَنَبِهَا, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسَرَانٌ (S, O, K, TA) and عَسْرٌ, (O, K, TA,) She (a camel) raised her tail, after conception, to show the stallion that she was pregnant: (S, * O, TA:) and [as also, app., ↓ عسّرت, or عسّرت دَنَبَهَا, inf. n. تَعْسِيرٌ, (see ناقة عَسِيرٌ, voce عَسِرٌ,)] she (a camel) raised her tail in her running. (K, TA.) [In the former case, the action denotes repugnance to the stallion: in the latter, a degree of refractoriness: in both, difficulty.]

A2: عَسَرَ الغَرِيمَ, aor. ـِ and عَسُرَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَسْرٌ; (S, O;) and ↓ أَعْسَرَهُ; (O, Msb, K;) He demanded the debt of the debtor, it being difficult to him to pay it: (S, O, Msb, K: *) and he took it of him, it being difficult to him to pay it, and was not lenient towards him until he was in easy circumstances. (TA.) b2: عَسَرَهُ, (As, TA,) and ↓ اعتسرهُ, (S, TA,) He forced, or compelled, him, against his wish; [عَلَى الأَمْرِ to do the thing;] i. q. قَسَرَهُ, (As, TA,) and اقتسرهُ. (S, O, TA.) A3: عَسِرَ, and عَسِرَتْ, (TK,) or عَسَرَتْ, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ (TK,) inf. n. عَسَرٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He, (a man, TK,) and she, (a woman, TK,) was left-handed. (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K.) b2: عَسَرَنِى, (O, L, and K, and so in a copy of the S,) aor. ـِ (L,) or ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَسْرٌ; (L, TA;) and ↓ عَسَّرَنِى, (K,) or عَسِرَنِى, (L and TA, and so in a copy of the S,) aor. ـَ (TA;) He came on my right side. (S, O, L, K, TA.) 2 عَسَّرَ see 1, in four places: and see 4.3 عاسرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَاسَرَةٌ, (S, O,) He treated him, or behaved towards him, with hardness, harshness, or ill-nature; (S, * O, * K;) مُعَاسَرَةٌ is the contr. of مُيَاسَرَةٌ. (S, O.) 4 اعسر, (S, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِعْسَارْ, (Kr, Mgh, &c.,) and, accord. to Kr, عُسْرٌ; but correctly, the former is an inf. n., and عُسْرَةٌ is a simple subst.; [as is also عُسْرٌ;] (TA;) He was, or became, in a state of difficulty; possessing little power or wealth: (TA:) he became poor: (Mgh, Msb, K:) he lost his property. (S, O.) عَسَارٌ in the sense of إِعْسَارٌ is a pure mistake. (Mgh.) b2: اعسرت She (a woman) had, or experienced, difficulty in bringing forth; (Lth, S, O, K;) as also ↓ عَسَرَتْ. (O, TA.) You say, in praying for a woman in labour, أَيْسَرَتْ وَأَذْكَرَتْ (Lth, A) May she have an easy birth, and may she bring forth a male child: (Lth, O:) and in the contr. case you say, أَعْسَرَتْ وَآنَثَتْ [May she have a difficult birth, and may she bring forth a female child]. (Lth, A, O, TA.) b3: And in like manner, She (a camel) had difficulty in bringing forth, her young one sticking fast at the time of the birth. (O, TA.) b4: And She (a camel) did not conceive during her year [after she had been covered]; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عُسِّرَتْ, in the pass. form. (TA.) A2: اعسر الغَرِيمَ: see عَسَرَ.5 تعسّر: see 1, in two places. b2: It (spun thread, غَزْلٌ, in the K قَوْلٌ [speech], but this is a mistake, TA) became entangled, so that it could not be unravelled; as also تغسّر, with the pointed غ: so accord. to Lth, as related by Az, who confirms it as of the language of the Arabs: but Sgh, in the TS [and O], says, You say of a thing, when it has become difficult, استعسر and تعسّر; but of spun thread, when it has become entangled, so that it cannot be unravelled, تغسّر, with the pointed غ; not with the unpointed ع, unless using a forced, or constrained, mode of speech. (TA.) 6 تَعَاسَرَا [They were difficult, or hard, each with the other; they treated, or behaved towards, each other with hardness, harshness, or illnature;] they disagreed, each with the other; said of a buyer and seller, and of a husband and wife; (TA;) تَعَاسُرٌ is the contr. of تَيَاسُرٌ: (S, O:) see Kur lxv. 6. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in two places.8 اعتسرهُ in the sense of اقتسرهُ: see عَسَرَهُ. b2: اعتسر النَّاقَةَ He rode the she-camel before she was trained, (S, A, O,) while she was difficult to manage: (A:) or he took her in the first stage of her training, while yet difficult to manage, and attached her rein to her nose, and rode her. (K.) b3: Hence, اعتسر الكَلَامَ (tropical:) He uttered the speech without premeditation; without measuring and preparing it in his mind. (Az, A.) b4: اعتسر مِنْ مَالِ وَلَدِهِ He took of the property of his son, or child, or children, against the wish of the latter: (S, O, K:) so occurring in a trad., with س; from الاعتسار signifying “ the act of forcing, or compelling: ” but accord. to one relation of that trad., it is with ص. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَعْسَرَ see 1, in two places.

A2: استعسرهُ He sought, or desired, or demanded, that in which he experienced, or would experience, difficulty. (O, K.) عَسْرٌ, or العَسْرُ: see عِسْرٌ, in two places.

عُسْرٌ and ↓ عُسُرٌ (S, A, O, K) and ↓ عَسَرٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ مَعْسُورٌ [respecting which, as well as some other words here mentioned, see below, in this paragraph, and see what is said of its contr.

مَيْسُورٌ, voce يُسْرٌ,] and ↓ عُسْرَةٌ and ↓ مَعْسَرَةٌ and ↓ مَعْسُرَةٌ and ↓ عُسْرَى [all of which are app. inf. ns., of 1, q. v.,] (K) Difficulty; hardness; straitness; intricacy; contr. of يُسْرٌ. (S, A, O, K.) b2: 'Eesà Ibn-'Omar observes that every noun of three letters of which the first is with damm and the second quiescent is pronounced by some of the Arabs with the second movent like the first; as عُسْرٌ and عُسُرٌ, and رُحْمٌ and رُحُمٌ, and حُلْمٌ and حُلُمٌ. (S, O.) b3: It is said in the Kur [lxv. 7], سَيَجْعَلُ اللّٰهُ بَعْدَ عُسْرٍ يُسْرًا [God will give, after difficulty, ease]. (O, TA.) And again, [xciv. 5 and 6,] فَإِنَّ مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا مَعَ الْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا [And verily with difficulty shall be ease: verily with difficulty shall be ease]: on reciting which, Ibn-Mes'ood said, لَنْ يَغْلِبَ عُسْرٌ يُسْرَيْنِ [A difficulty will not predominate over twofold ease], which, says Abu-l-'Abbás, is meant as an explanation of the words of the Kur immediately preceding it, agreeably with a rule mentioned by Fr [and applying to most cases, but not to all]: for العسر being mentioned, and then repeated with ال, the latter is known to be the same as the former; and يسرا being mentioned, and repeated without ال, the latter is known to be different from the former. (O, * TA.) b4: It is also said, لَوْ دَخَلَ العُسْرُ جُحْرًا لَدَخَلَ اليُسْرُ عَلَيْهِ [If difficulty were to enter a burrow in the ground, ease would enter upon it]. (TA.) b5: As to ↓ مَعْسُورٌ, it is the contr. of مَيْسُورٌ, and both are inf. ns.: (S, O:) or they are put in the places of عُسْرٌ and يُسْرٌ: (TA:) or accord. to Sb, they both are epithets; for he holds that there is no inf. n. of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; and the saying دَعْهُ إِلَى مَيْسُورِهِ وَإِلَى

مَعْسُورِهِ is expl. as signifying Leave thou him to a thing in which he experiences ease, and to a thing in which he experiences difficulty: and مَعْقُولٌ is also expl. in like manner. (S, O.) [In like manner also,] فُلَانٍ ↓ بَلَغْتُ مَعْسُورَ [may be expl. as signifying I effected a thing in which such a one experienced difficulty; meaning I treated such a one with hardness, harshness, or illnature; being] said when thou hast not treated the person of whom thou speakest with gentleness, graciousness, courtesy, or civility. (O, TA.) You also say, [using معسور and its contr. ميسور as epithets,] ↓ خُذٌ مَيْسُورَهُ وَدَعٌ مَعْسُورَهُ [Take thou what is easy thereof, and leave thou what is difficult thereof]. (A.) b6: عُسْرٌ also signifies Poverty: (Msb:) and ↓ عُسْرَةٌ, [the same: or] littleness of possessions, of property, of wealth, or of power: (S, TA:) and ↓ مَعْسَرَةٌ and ↓ مَعْسُرَةٌ, [the same: or] difficulty, and poverty; contr. of مَيْسَرَةٌ: (O, TA:) both inf. ns.: (O:) and ↓ عُسْرَى, [the same: or] difficult things, affairs, or circumstances; (TA;) contr. of يُسْرَى: (S, O, TA:) and fem. of أَعْسَرُ, applied to a thing, or an affair, or a circumstance. (TA.) b7: ↓ جَيْشُ العُسْرَةِ [The army of difficulty] is an appellation given to the army of Tabook; because they were summoned to go thither during the intense heat of summer, (O, K,) and in the season of the ripening of the fruit, (O, TA,) so that it was hard to them; (O, K;) and because the Prophet never warred before with so numerous an army, amounting to thirty thousand. (O, TA.) b8: ↓ فَسَنُيَسِّرُهُ لِلْعُسْرَى, in the Kur [xcii. 10], signifies, as some say, [We will smooth his way] to punishment, and a difficult case. (O, TA.) عِسْرٌ, (S,) or العِسْرُ, (O, K,) A certain tribe of the Jinn, or Genii; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عَسْرٌ, (S,) or العَسْرُ: (O, K:) or the first, (S, O,) or second and ↓ last, (K,) a land inhabited by Jinn. (S, O, K.) عَسَرٌ: see عُسْرٌ.

عَسِرٌ Difficult, hard, hard to be done or accomplished, hard to be borne or endured, distressing, strait, or intricate; (S, O, Msb, K; *) applied to an affair, or a thing; (S, O, Msb;) as also ↓ عَسِيرٌ. (S, A, O, Msb, K.) b2: حَاجَةٌ عَسِرٌ, and ↓ عَسِيرٌ, (K,) or عَسِيرٌ and ↓ عَسِيرَةٌ, (L,) A want difficult of attainment. (L, K.) b3: يَوْمٌ عَسِرٌ, (K,) and ↓ عَسِيرٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ أَعْسَرُ, (K,) A difficult day; a day of difficulty; (S;) a hard, distressful, or calamitous, day; or an unfortunate, or unlucky, day. (K.) b4: رَجُلٌ عَسِرٌ A man having little gentleness in [the execution of] affairs: (Msb:) or hard in disposition; or illnatured. (K.) [See 1.]

b5: ↓ نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ, (S, A, O,) or ↓ عَسِيرَةٌ, (as in one copy of the S,) A she-camel not trained: (S, A, O:) or ↓ نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ and ↓ عَوْسَرَانَةٌ and ↓ عَيْسَرَانَةٌ [and app. ↓ عَيْسَرَانِيَّةٌ] (K) or ↓ عَوْسَرَانِيَّةٌ (Lth, Az, S, O, L) and ↓ عَيْسَرَانِيَّةٌ (Lth, Az, TS, O, L) and ↓ عَيْسُرَانِيَّةٌ, (Lth, Az, TS, O,) but what Lth says is not agreeable with the usage of the Arabs, (Az, TS, O,) a she-camel that is ridden, (Lth, Az, S, O, TA,) or laden, (TA,) before she has been trained: (Lth, Az, S, O, TA:) or that has been taken in the first stage of her training, while yet difficult to manage, and had her nose-rein attached, and been ridden: (K:) and the epithet applied to a he-camel is ↓ عَسِيرٌ, (K, TA,) or عَسِرٌ, (CK,) and ↓ عَيْسَرَانٌ (Lth, Az, and so in some copies of the K,) and ↓ عَيْسُرَانٌ (Lth, Az, TA, and so, in the place of the form immediately preceding, in some copies of the K,) and ↓ عَيْسَرَانِىٌّ (TA) and ↓ عَيْسُرَانِىٌّ (K, TA) and ↓ عَوْسَرَانِىٌّ. (S, O.) b6: Also ↓ نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ A she-camel that raises her tail in her running; as also ↓ عَاسِرٌ: (K:) or the latter, raising her tail after conception: (TA:) [see 1:] and [its pl.] ↓ عَوَاسِرُ, applied to wolves, that are agitated in their running, and shake the head, and contort (تَكْسِرُ) their tails, (S, TA,) by reason of briskness. (TA.) And ↓ نَاقَةٌ عَوْسَرَانِيَّةٌ A she-camel that is wont to raise her tail when she runs, (TS, O, K,) by reason of sprightliness. (O, TA.) In the L, instead of تَعْسِيرُ, preceding ذَنَبِهَا, we find تَكْسِيرُ. (TA.) b7: Also, ↓ نَاقَةٌ عَسِيرٌ, (Lth, O, K,) or ↓ عَسِيرَةٌ, (S,) accord. to Lth, (TA,) A she-camel not conceiving during her year [after having been covered]: (Lth, S, O, K:) but Az says that this explanation by Lth is not correct, and that ناقة عسير signifies, as expl. above, “a she-camel that is ridden before she has been trained; ” and so As explains it; and ISk says the same. (TA.) عُسُرٌ: see عُسْرٌ.

عُسْرَةٌ: see عُسْرٌ, in three places.

عَسَرَهٌ: see أَعْسَرُ, last sentence.

عُسْرَى: see عُسْرٌ, in three places: and see also أَعْسَرُ.

عَسِيرٌ and عَسِيرَةٌ: see عَسِرٌ, throughout.

عَاسِرٌ; and [its pl.] عَوَاسِرُ: see عَسِرٌ, latter half.

عَوْسَرَانَةٌ and عَوْسَرَانِيٌّ and عَوْسَرَانِيَّةٌ: see عَسِرٌ; the last in two places.

عَيْسَرَانٌ and عَيْسُرَانٌ and عَيْسَرَانَةٌ and عَيْسُرَانَةٌ and عَيْسَرَانِىٌّ and عَيْسُرَانِىٌّ and عَيْسَرَانِيَّةٌ and عَيْسُرَانِيَّةٌ: see عَسِرٌ.

أَعْسَرُ [More, and most, difficult, hard, strait, or intricate; contr. of أَيْسَرُ;] applied to a thing, or an affair, or a circumstance: fem. ↓ عُسْرَى. (TA.) b2: Applied to a day, i. q. عَسِرٌ, q. v.; (K;) unfortunate, or unlucky, (O.) A2: A left-handed man; one who works with his left hand; (S, O, Msb, K;) one whose strength is in his left hand or arm, and who does with that what others do with the right: (TA:) fem. عَسْرَآءُ: (K:) and pl. عُسْرَانٌ, (O, TA,) like as سُودَانٌ is a pl. of أَسْوَدُ, (TA,) and عُسْرٌ. (O.) None is stronger in casting or shooting than the أَعْسَر. (TA.) b2: أَعْسَرُ يَسَرٌ A man who uses both his hands [alike]; ambidextrous; an ambidexter: (S, O, K:) fem. عَسْرَآءُ يَسَرَةٌ: (TA:) you should not say [of a man that he is] أَعْسَرُ أَيْسَرُ; (S, TA;) nor of a woman that she is عَسْرَآءُ يَسْرَآءُ. (TA.) b3: العَسْرَآءُ, fem. of الأَعْسَرُ, The left hand or arm. (TA.) b4: حَمَامٌ

أَعْسَرُ A pigeon, or pigeons, having a whiteness in the left wing. (S, O.) And عُقَابٌ عَسْرَآءُ An eagle whose feathers on the left side are more numerous than those on the right: (S, O, K: *) and (S, O, K) some say (S, O) having, in its wing, white primary feathers. (O, K.) And عَسْرَآءُ A white primary feather; (O, K;) and so ↓ عَسَرَةٌ. (S, O, K; in one of my copies of the S written عِسْرَة.) مِعْسَرٌ A man who presses his debtor, and straitens him, or puts him in difficulty. (T, TS, O, K.) [See 1, latter half].

مَعْسَرَةٌ and مَعْسُرَةٌ: see عُسْرٌ; each in two places.

مَعْسُورٌ: see عُسْرٌ, in four places.

عور

1 عَوِرَ, (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) aor. ـْ inf. n. عَوَرٌ, (S, O, K,) He was, or became, blind of one eye: (K:) [or he became one-eyed; wanting one eye: or one of his eyes sank in its socket: or one of his eyes dried up: see what next follows:] as also عَارَ, aor. ـَ and ↓ اعورّ; (K;) and ↓ اعوارّ. (Sgh, K.) And عَوِرَتْ عَيْنُهُ, (Az, S, IKtt, O, Msb,) aor. ـْ (Az, Msb,) inf. n. عَوَرٌ; (IKtt, Msb;) and عَارَتْ, aor. ـَ (Az, S, IKtt, O) and تِعَارُ; (IKtt, TA;) and ↓ اعورّت; (Az, S, IKtt, O;) and ↓ اعوارّت; (Az, O, TA;) His eye became blind: (TA:) or became wanting: or sank in its socket: (Msb:) or dried up. (IKtt, TA.) Ibn-Ahmar says, أَعَارَتْ عَيْنُهُ أَمْ لَمْ تَعَارَا [Has his eye become blind or has it not indeed become blind?] meaning تَعَارَنْ; but, pausing, he makes it to end with ا: in عَوِرَتْ, the و is preserved unaltered because it is so preserved in the original form, which is اِعْوَرَّتْ, on account of the quiescence of the letter immediately preceding: then the augmentatives, the ا and the teshdeed, are suppressed, and thus the verb becomes عَوِرَ: for that اعورّت is the original form is shown by the form of the sister-verbs, اِسْوَدَّ and اِحْمَرَّ; and the analogy of verbs significant of faults and the like, اِعْرَجَّ and اِعْمَىَّ as the original forms of عَرِجَ and عَمِىَ; though these may not have been heard. (S, O. [See also صَيِدَ.]) b2: عَارَتِ الرَّكِيَّةُ, aor. ـُ [or تَعْوَرُ or تَعَارُ?], (tropical:) The well became filled up. (TA.) A2: عَارَهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ (TA;) and ↓ أَعُوَرَهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِعْوَارٌ; (TA;) and ↓ عوّرهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَعْوِيرٌ; (TA;) He rendered him blind of one eye. (K.) And عَارَ عَيْنَهُ, (S, M, IKtt, O, Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَوْرٌ: (IKtt;) and (more commonly, M) ↓ أَعْوَرَهَا; and ↓ عوّرها; (S, M, IKtt, Msb;) He put out his eye: (IKtt, Msb: *) or made it to sink in its socket. (Msb.) Some say that عُرْتُ عَيْنَهُ and ↓ أَعَارَهَا [sic] are from عَائِرٌ, q. v. (TA.) b2: عَارَ الرَّكِيَّةَ and ↓ اعارها signify the same as ↓ عوّرها, (tropical:) He marred, or spoiled, the well, so that the water dried up: (A, TA:) or he filled it up with earth, so that the springs thereof became stopped up: and in like manner, عُيُونَ الميَاهِ ↓ عوّر he stopped up the sources of the waters: (Sh, TA:) and عَيْنَ الرَّكِيَّةِ ↓ عوّر he filled up the source of the well, so that the water dried up. (S.) A3: عَارَهُ, aor. ـُ and يَعِيرُهُ, (S, K,) or the aor. is not used, or, accord. to IJ, it is scarcely ever used, (TA,) or some say يُعُورُهُ, (Yaakoob,) or يَعِيرُهُ, (Aboo-Shibl,) He, or it, took, and went away with, him, or it: (S, O, K:) or destroyed him, or it. (K, TA.) One says, مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ الجَرَادِ عَارَهُ I know not what man went away with him, or it: (S, O, TA:) or took him, or it. (TA.) It is said to be only used in negative phrases: but Lh mentions أَرَاكَ عُرْتَهُ, and عِرْتَهُ, I see thee, or hold thee, to have gone away with him, or it: [see also art. عير:] IJ says, It seems that they have scarcely ever used the aor. of this verb because it occurs in a prov. respecting a thing that has passed away. (TA.) A4: See also 3 in art. عر.2 عَوَّرَ see 1, in five places: A2: and see 3.3 عاورهُ الشَّىْءَ He did with the thing like as he (the other) did with it: (S:) [or he did the thing with him by turns; for] المُعَاوَرَةُ is similar to المُدَاوَلَةُ, with respect to a thing that is between two, or mutual. (TA. [See also 6.]) b2: See also 4.

A2: عاور المَكَايِيلَ i. q. عَايَرَهَا; [q. v. in art. عير;] (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عوّرها. (K.) 4 أَعْوَرَ see 1, in four places.

A2: اعارهُ الشَّىْءَ, (Az, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِعَارَةٌ and ↓ عَارَةٌ; like as you say أَطَاعَهُ, inf. n. إِطَاعَةٌ and طَاعَةٌ, and أَجَابَهُ, inf. n. إِجَابَةٌ and جَابَةٌ; (Az, Msb;) [or rather عَارَةٌ is a quasi-inf. n.; and so is طَاعَةٌ, and جَابَةٌ;] and اعارهُ مِنْهُ; and إِيَّاهُ ↓ عاورهُ; (K;) [accord. to the TK, all signify He lent him the thing: but the second seems rather to signify he lent him of it: and respecting the third, see 3 above.] For three exs., see 10. سَيْفٌ أُعِيرَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ (tropical:) [A sword which fate has had lent to it] is an appellation applied to a man, by En-Nábighah. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. عير.]

A3: أَعُوَرَ (tropical:) It (a thing) appeared; and was, or became, within power, or reach. (IAar, K, TA.) One says, أَعْوَرَ لَكَ الصَّيْدُ (tropical:) The object of the chase has become within power, or reach, to thee; (S, O, TA;) and so أَعُوَرَكَ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) had a place that was a cause of fear, i. e. what is termed عَوْرَةٌ, appearing [in it]. (Ham p. 34.) (tropical:) He (a horseman) had, appearing in him, a place open and exposed to striking (S, O, TA) and piercing. (TA.) (tropical:) It (a place of abode) had a gap, or breach, appearing in it: (TA:) and [so] a house, or chamber, by its wall's being in a state of demolition. (IKtt, TA.) 5 تَعَوَّرَ see 6: see also 10, in two places: and see 5 in art. عير.6 تعاوروا الشَّىْءِ, and ↓ اِعْتَوَرُوهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ تعوّروهُ, (S, O, K,) They took the thing, or did it, by turns; syn. تَدَاوَلُوهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ: (S, O, TA:) the و is apparent [not changed into ا] in اعتوروا because it signifies the same as تعاوروا. (S.) Aboo-Kebeer says, وَإِذَا الكُمَاةُ تَعَاوَرُوا طَعْنَ الكُلَى

[And when the men clad in armour interchange the piercing of the kidneys]. (TA.) And in a trad. it is said, يَتَعَاوَرُونَ عَلَى مِنبرِى They will ascend my pulpit one after another, by turns; whenever one goes, another coming after him. (TA.) One says also, تعاور القَوْمُ فُلَانًا, meaning The people aided one another in beating such a one, one after another. (TA.) And تَعَاوَرْنَا فُلَانًا ضَرْبًا We beat such a one by turns; I beating him one time, and another another time, and a third another time. (TA.) And القَتِيلَ رَجُلَانِ ↓ اعتور Each of the two men [in turn] struck the slain man. (Mgh.) And تَعَاوَرَتِ الرِّيَاحُ رَسْمَ الدَّارِ (tropical:) (tropical:) The winds blew by turns upon, or over, the remains that marked the site of the house, or dwelling; (S, O; *) syn. تَنَاوَبَتْهُ, (S,) or تَدَاوَلَتْهُ; one time blowing from the south, and another time from the north, and another time from the east, and another time from the west: (Az, TA:) or blew over them perseveringly, so as to obliterate them; (Lth, TA;) a signification doubly tropical: but Az says that this is a mistake. (TA.) And doubly tropical is the saying ↓ الاِسْمُ تَعْتَوِرُهُ حَرَكَاتُ الإِعْرَابِ (tropical:) (tropical:) [The noun has the vowels of desinential syntax by turns; having at one time رَفْعٌ, at another نَصْبٌ, and at another خَفْضٌ]. (TA.) تَعَاوُرٌ and ↓ اِعْتِوَارٌ denote that this has the place of this, and this the place of this: one says هٰذَا مَرَّةً وَهٰذَا مَرَّةً ↓ اِعْتَوَارَاهُ [They two took it, or did it, by turns; this, one time; and this, one time]: but you do not say اِعْتَوَرَ زَيْدٌ عَمْرًا. (IAar.) b2: تَعَاوَرْنَا العَوَارِىَّ (tropical:) We lent loans, one to another: (Az:) and هُمْ يَتَعَاوَرُونُ العَوَارِىَّ (tropical:) They lend loans, one to another. (S, * Msb.) [See also 10.]8 إِعْتَوَرَ see 6, in five places.9 إِعْوَرَّ see 1, first quarter, in two places.10 استعار and ↓ تعوّر (O, K) He asked, or demanded, or sought, what is termed عَارِيَّة [a loan]. (K.) It is said in the story of the [golden] calf, بَنُو إِسْرَائِيلَ ↓ مِنْ حَلْىٍ تَعَوَّرَهُ i. e. اِسْتَعَارُوهُ [Of ornaments which the children of Israel had asked to be lent, or had borrowed]. (TA.) b2: You say also ↓ اِسْتَعَرْتُ مِنْهُ الشَّىْءَ فَأَعَارَنِيهِ, (Mgh, Msb, K, *) and اِسْتَعَرْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ, (Mgh, TA,) suppressing the preposition, (Mgh,) I asked of him the loan of the thing [and he lent it to me]. (K, TA.) and ↓ اِسْتَعَرْتُ مِنْهُ عَارِيَّةً فَأَعَارَنِيهَا [I asked of him a loan and he lent it to me]. (TA.) And اِسْتَعَارَهُ ثَوْبًا

إِيَّاهُ ↓ فَأَعَارَهُ [He asked him to lend to him a garment, or piece of cloth, and he lent it to him]. (S, O.) b3: استعار سَهْمًا مِنْ كِنَانَتِهِ (tropical:) He raised and transferred an arrow from his quiver. (TA in arts. عور and عير.) b4: [Hence, استعار لَفْظًا (tropical:) He used a word metaphorically.]11 إِعْوَاْرَّ see 1, first quarter, in two places.

عَارٌ: see art. عير.

عَوَرٌ inf. n. of عَوِرَ [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) See also عَوَرَةٌ. b2: Also Weakness, faultiness, or unsoundness; and so ↓ عَوْرَةٌ: badness, foulness, or unseemliness, in a thing: disgrace, or disfigurement. (TA.) [See also عَوَارٌ.]

A2: هٰذَا الأَمْرُ بَيْنَنَا عَوَرٌ means This is a thing, or an affair, that we do by turns. (TA, voce رَوَحٌ.) عَوِرٌ (tropical:) A thing having no keeper or guardian; [lit., having a gap, or an opening, or a breach, exposing it to thieves and the like;] as also ↓ مُعْوِرٌ. (TA.) You say ↓ مَكَانٌ مُعْوِرٌ (tropical:) A place in which one fears: (TA:) a place in which (فِيهِ [in one of my copies of the S مِنْهُ]) one fears being cut [or pierced (see 4)]; (S, TA;) as also ↓ مَكَانٌ عَوْرَةٌ; which is doubly tropical: (TA:) and ↓ طَرِيقٌ مُعْوِرَةٌ (tropical:) a road in which is an opening, in which one fears losing his way and being cut off: and ↓ مُعْوِرٌ signifies within the power of a person; open, and exposed: appearing; and within power, or reach: and a place feared. (TA.) I'Ab and some others read, in the Kur [xxxiii. 13], إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوِرَةٌ, meaning, ذَاتُ عَوْرَةٍ; (O, K;) i. e., (tropical:) Verily our houses are [open and exposed,] not protected, but, on the contrary, within the power of thieves, having no men in them: (O, TA:) or it means مُعْوِرَةٌ, i. e., next to the enemy, so that our goods will be stolen from them. (TA.) See also عَوْرَةٌ, last sentence but one.

عَارَةٌ: see 4: b2: and see also عَارِيَّةٌ.

عَوْرَةٌ The pudendum, or pudenda, (S, O, Msb, K,) of a human being, (S, O,) of a man and of a woman: (TA:) so called because it is abominable to uncover, and to look at, what is thus termed: (Msb:) said in the B to be from عَارٌ, meaning مَذَمَّةٌ: (TA:) [but see what is said voce عَارِيَّةٌ: the part, or parts, of the person, which it is indecent to expose:] in a man, what is between the navel and the knee: and so in a woman: (Jel in xxiv. 31:) or, in a free woman, all the person, except the face and the hands as far as the wrists; and respecting the hollow of the sole of the foot, there is a difference of opinion: in a female slave, like as in a man; and what appears of her in service, as the head and the neck and the fore arm, are not included in the term عورة. (TA.) [العَوْرَةُ المُغَلَّظَةُ means The anterior and posterior pudenda: العَوْرَةُ المُخَفَّفَةُ, the other parts included in the term عورة: so in the law-books.] The covering what is thus termed, in prayer and on other occasions, is obligatory: but respecting the covering the same in a private place, opinions differ. (TA.) The pl. is عَوْرَاتٌ: (S, O, Msb:) for the second letter of the pl. of فَعْلَةٌ as a subst. is movent only when it is not و nor ى: but some read [in the Kur xxiv. 31], عَوَرَاتِ النِّسَآءِ, (S, O,) which is of the dial. of Hudheyl. (Msb.) b2: A time in which it is proper for the عَوْرَة to appear; each of the following three times; before the prayer of daybreak; at midday; and after nightfall. (K.) These three times are mentioned in the Kur xxiv. 57. (TA.) b3: Anything that a man veils, or conceals, by reason of disdainful pride, or of shame or pudency: (Msb:) anything of which one is ashamed (S, O, K, TA) when it appears. (TA.) b4: See also عَوَرٌ. b5: (assumed tropical:) A woman: because one is ashamed at her when she appears, like as one is ashamed at the pudendum (العَوْرَة) when it appears: (L, TA:) or women. (Msb.) b6: Any place of concealment (مَكْمَنٌ) [proper] for veiling or covering. (K.) b7: A gap, an opening, or a breach, (T, Msb, K,) or any gap, opening, or breach, (S, O,) in the frontier of a hostile country, (T, S, O, Msb, K,) &c., (K,) or in war or battle, from which one fears (T, S, O, Msb) slaughter. (T.) b8: Sometimes it is applied as an epithet to an indeterminate subst.; and in this case it is applied to a sing. and to a pl., without variation, and to a masc. and a fem., like an inf. n. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiii. 13], إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ (O, TA) [Verily our houses are open and exposed: or, as expl. by Bd and others, defenceless]: the epithet being here sing.; and the subst. to which it is applied, pl.: (TA:) but in this instance it may be a contraction of ↓ عَوِرَةٌ; and thus it has been read: (Bd:) see عَوِرٌ. b9: Also, (K,) or [the pl.] عَوْرَاتٌ, (S,) Clefts, or fissures, of mountains. (S, K.) عَوَرَةٌ a subst. meaning ↓ عَوَرٌ [q. v.]: (O:) [it is mentioned in the S as a subst., and app., from the context, as signifying عَوَرٌ, i. e. A blindness of one eye: (but expl. by Golius as meaning the succession of a worse after a better:) after the mention of رَجُلٌ أَعْوَرُ, and the phrase بَدَلٌ أَعْوَرُ and خَلَفٌ أَعْوَرُ, in the S, it is added, وَالاِسْمُ العَوَرَةُ, or, accord. to one copy, العَوْرَةُ; and then follows, وَقَدْ عَارَتِ العَيْنُ.]

عُورَانٌ a pl. of أَعْوَرُ [q. v.]; as also عِيرَانٌ. b2: It is also used as a sing.; رَكِيَّةٌ عُورَانٌ meaning (assumed tropical:) A well in a state of demolition. (O, K.) عَارِيَّةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and sometimes عَارِيَةٌ, without teshdeed, (Msb, K,) when used in poetry, (Msb,) and ↓ عَارَةٌ, (S, O, K,) What is taken by persons by turns; expl. by مَا تَدَاوَلُوهُ بَيْنَهُمْ: (K:) [generally meaning a loan: and the act of lending;] the putting one in possession of the use of a thing without anything given in exchange: (KT, and Kull p. 262:) the returning of the thing thus termed is obligatory, when the thing itself remains in existence; and if it has perished, then one must be responsible for its value, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee, but not accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh: (TA:) pl. [of the first] عَوَارِىُّ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and [of the second] عَوَارٍ. (Msb, K.) A poet says, وَالْعَوَارِىُّ قَصَارٌ أَنْ تُرَدْ إِنَّمَا أَنْفُسُنَا عَارِيَّةٌ [Our souls are only a loan: and the end of loans is their being given back: تُرَدْ being for تُرَدَّ]. (S, O.) عَارِيَّةٌ is of the measure فَعْلِيَّةٌ: Az says that it is a rel. n. from عَارَةٌ, which is a subst. from

إِعَارَةٌ: (Mgh, * Msb:) Lth says that what is thus called is so called because it is a disgrace (عار) to him who demands it; and J says the like; and some say that it is from عَارَ الفَرَسُ, meaning, “the horse went away from his master: ” but both these assertions are erroneous; since عاريّة belongs to art. عور, for the Arabs say هُمْ يَتَعَاوَرُونَ العَوَارِىَّ, meaning they lend [loans], one to another; and عَارٌ and عَارَ الفَرَسُ belong to art. عير: therefore the correct assertion is that of Az. (Msb.) عَوَارٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ عُوَارٌ (Az, S, Msb, K) and ↓ عِوَارٌ (K) A fault; a defect; an imperfection; a blemish; something amiss; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) in an article of merchandise, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and in a garment, or piece of cloth, (TA,) and in a slave, (Msb,) and in a beast: (TA:) or in a garment, or piece of cloth, a hole, and a rent; (Lth, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) and so in the like, and in a house or tent and the like; (TA;) and in a garment, or piece of cloth, also a burn; and a rottenness: (Mgh:) and some say that عَوَارٌ, with fet-h, is only in goods, or commodities, or articles of merchandise. (Msb.) Yousay سِلْعَةٌ ذَاتُ عَوَارٍ, and ↓ عُوَارٍ, accord. to Az, An article of merchandise having a fault, or the like. (S.) [See also عَوَرٌ.]

عُوَارٌ: see عَوَارٌ, in two places.

عِوَارٌ: see عَوَارٌ.

عُوَيْرٌ: see أَعْوَرُ, of which it is the dim.

عَيِّرَةُ عَيْنَيْنِ: see عَائِرٌ.

عُوَّارٌ: see عَائِرٌ, in four places.

عَائِرٌ Anything that causes disease in the eye, (K, TA,) and wounds: so called because the eye becomes closed on account of it, and the person cannot see, the eye being as it were blinded: (TA:) ophthalmia; syn. رَمَدٌ; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُوَّارٌ: (Msb:) which latter also signifies foul, thick, white matter, that collects in the inner corner of the eye; not fluid; syn. رَمَصٌ: (Msb:) or both signify a fluid matter that makes the eye smart, as though a mote, or the like, had fallen into it: (Lth:) and both signify a mote, or the like, (S, O, K,) in the eye: (S:) or (TA, in the K “ and ”) عَائِرٌ signifies pimples, or small pustules, in the lower eyelid: (K:) a subst., not an inf. n., nor an act. part. n.: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ عُوَّارٌ is عَوَاوِيرُ, and, by poetic license, عَوَاوِرُ. (TA.) One says ↓ بِعَيْنِهِ عُوَّارٌ, meaning, In his eye is a mote, or the like. (S.) b2: عَيْنٌ عَائِرَةٌ An eye in which is the fluid matter called ↓ عُوَّار: but when the eye has this, you do not say of it عَارَتْ. (Lth.) b3: عَائِرُ العَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) What fills, or satisfies, the eye (مَا يَمْلَؤُهَا), of مَال [meaning camels or the like], so as almost to put it out; and in like manner عَائِرَةُ عَيْنَيْنِ. (TA.) One says, عِنْدَهُ مِنَ المَالِ عَائِرَةُ عَيْنٍ, (S, O,) or عَائِرَةُ عَيْنَيْنِ and ↓ عَيِّرَةُ عَيْنَيْنِ, (K, but with عَلَيْهِ in the place of عِنْدَهُ, and in the CK عِتْرَةُ is put for عَيِّرَةُ,) both of these mentioned by Lh, (TA,) i. e. (assumed tropical:) [He has, of camels or the like], what fill, or satisfy, (تَمْلَأُ,) his sight by the multitude thereof; (K;) or that at which the sight is confounded, or perplexed, by reason of the multitude thereof, as though it filled, or satisfied, the eye, and put it out: (S, O:) [and A'Obeyd says the like:] or, accord. to As, the Arab in the Time of Ignorance used, when his camels amounted to a thousand, to put out an eye of one of them; and hence, by عَائِرَةُ العَيْنِ they meant a thousand camels, whereof one had an eye put out. (TA.) A2: عَائِرٌ also signifies An arrow of which the shooter is not known; (S, O, K;) and in like manner, a stone: (S, O:) pl. عَوَائِرُ: (TA:) عَوَائِرُ نَبْلٍ means arrows in a scattered state, of which one knows not whence they have come. (IB, TA.) [See also art. عير.] and عَوَائِرُ (S, O, K) and ↓ عِيرَانٌ (K) signify Swarms of locusts in a scattered state: (S, O, K: [or] the first thereof going away in a scattered state, and few in number. (TA.) أَعْوَرُ Blind of one eye: (K:) one-eyed; wanting one eye: or having one of his eyes sunk in its socket: (Msb:) or having one of his eyes dried up: (IKtt:) applied to a man, (S, Msb,) and to a camel, &c.: (TA:) fem. عَوْرَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. عُورٌ and عُورَانٌ (O, K) and عِيرَانٌ. (K.) The أَعْوَر is considered by the Arabs as of evil omen. (TA.) It is said in a prov., أَعْوَرُ عَيْنَكَ وَالحَجَرَ [O oneeyed, preserve thine eye (thine only eye) from the stone]. (Meyd, TA.) b2: Squint-eyed; syn. أَحْوَلُ: (TA:) and عَوْرَآءُ the same, applied to a woman. (K, TA.) b3: A crow: (S, O, K:) so called as being deemed inauspicious; (S, O, TA;) or by antiphrasis, (TA,) because of the sharpness of his sight; (S, O, TA;) or because, when he desires to croak, he closes his eyes; (O, TA;) and ↓ عُوَيْرٌ is the dim., (S, O,) and signifies the same. (K.) b4: فَلَاةٌ عَوْرَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A desert in which is no water. (S, O.) b5: طَرِيقٌ أَعْوَرُ (tropical:) A road in which is no sign of the way. (K, TA.) b6: عَوْرَآءُ القُرِّ (assumed tropical:) A night (لَيْلَةٌ), (O, TA,) and a morning (غَدَاةٌ), and a year (سَنَةٌ), (TA,) in which is no cold. (Th, O, TA.) b7: أَعْوَرُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Anything, (O, K, TA,) and any disposition, temper, or nature, (TA,) bad, corrupt, abominable, or disapproved: (O, K, TA:) fem. as above. (TA.) b8: بَدَلٌ أَعْوَرُ (assumed tropical:) [A bad substitute]: a prov. applied to a man who is dispraised succeeding one who is praised: and sometimes they said خَلَفٌ أَعْوَرُ: and Aboo-Dhu-eyb uses the expression خِلَافٌ عُورٌ; as though he made خِلَافٌ pl. of خَلَفٌ, like as جِبَالٌ is pl. of جَبَلٌ. (S, O.) b9: عَوْرَآءُ (tropical:) A bad, an abominable, or a foul, word or saying; (AHeyth, S, A, O, K;) opposed to عَيْنَآءُ: (AHeyth, A, TA:) i. q. سَقْطَةٌ; (S, O;) i. e. a bad word or saying, that swerves from rectitude: (TA:) or a word or saying that falls inconsistent with reason and rectitude: (Lth:) or a word or saying which the ear rejects; and in the pl. sense you say عُورَانُ الكَلَامِ: (Az:) or a bad, an abominable, or a foul, action: (K:) as though the word or saying, or the action, blinded the eye: the attribute which it denotes is transferred to the word or saying, or the action; but properly its author is meant. (TA.) b10: مَعَانٍ عُورٌ, in a trad. of 'Omar, (assumed tropical:) Obscure, subtile, meanings. (TA.) b11: See also the pl. عِيرَانٌ voce عَائِرٌ, last sentence.

اِسْتِعَارَةٌ [inf. n. of 10. b2: And hence, (tropical:) A metaphor].

مُعْوِرٌ: see عَوِرٌ, in four places.

مُسْتَعَارٌ [Borrowed; or asked, demanded, or sought, as a loan;] pass. part. n. of 10 as used in the phrase اِسْتَعَارَهُ ثَوْبًا [q. v.] so in the following verse of Bishr (S, O) Ibn-Abee-Házim, describing a horse: (O:) كَأَنَّ حَفِيفَ مَنْخِرِهِ إِذَا مَا كَتَمْنَ الرَّبْوُ كِيرٌ مُسْتَعَارُ

[As though the sound of the wind of his nostril, when they (i. e. other horses) suppressed loud breathing, were the sound of the wind of a borrowed blacksmith's bellows]: or, as some say, مستعار here means مُتَعَاوَرٌ i. e. مُتَدَاوَلٌ [app. worked by turns]: (S, O:) he means that his nostril was wide, not suppressing the loud breathing, when other beasts suppressed the breath by reason of the narrowness of the place of exit thereof. (S in art. كتم.) b2: [And hence, (tropical:) A word, or phrase, used metaphorically.]

عجز

1 عَجڤزَ The primary signification of عَجْزٌ [an inf. n. of عَجَزَ] is The being, or becoming, behind, or behindhand, or backward, with respect to a thing; or holding back, hanging back, or abstaining, from it: and its happening at the latter, or last, part, or at the end, of an affair: and hence, in common conventional language, it has the signification shown by the explanation here next following. (Er-Rághib, B, &c., and TA.) b2: عَجَزَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْزٌ and مَعْجَزَةٌ and مَعْجِزَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and مَعْجَزٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which is agreeable with rule, (S,) and مَعْجِزٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) which is extr., (Sb, TA,) and عَجَزَانٌ and عُجُوزٌ; (O, K;) and عَجِزَ, aor. ـَ (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَجَزٌ, (Msb,) said by IKtt to be mentioned by Fr, as of the dial. of some of the tribe of Keys, but by others [and among them Sgh in the O] said to be a bad form, (TA,) or mentioned by Az, as of the dial. of some of the tribe of Keys-'Eylán, but not known to them, and said by IF to be disallowed by IAar in the sense here immediately following; (Msb;) He lacked strength, or power, or ability; he was, or became, powerless, impotent, or unable. (S, * Msb, * K, TA.) Yousay, عَجَزَ عَنْ كَذَا, (S, A, O, Msb, TA,) and accord. to some, as shown above, عَجِزَ عَنْهُ, (Msb, TA,) He lacked strength, or power, or ability, for, or to do, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain, or compass, such a thing; he was unable to do it: (S, * O, * Msb, * TA:) or (tropical:) he was too old to do it. (A, TA.) And it is said in a trad., (S, * Mgh,) of 'Omar, (TA,) لَا تُلِثُّوا بِدَارِ مَعْجَزَةٍ, meaning Remain ye not in a country, or district, or town, where ye are unable to gain your livelihood. (S, A, Mgh, * TA.) You say also, لَا يَسَعُنِى شَىْءٌ وَيَعْجِزُ عَنْكَ (tropical:) [app. A thing will not suffice me when it cannot thee]. (A, TA.) And جَاؤُوا بِجَيْشٍ تَعْجِزُ الأَرْضُ عَنْهُ (tropical:) [They came with an army which the earth had not strength to bear, or scarce sufficed to contain]. (A, TA.) b3: [and عَجَزَ عَنْ كَذَا also signifies He, or it, lacked such a thing: see an ex. voce عَرْفٌ.] b4: [Hence,] عَجَزَتْ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, K,) or ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. عُجُوزٌ (S, O, K) and عَجْزٌ, (TA,) She (a woman, S, O, Msb) became aged; (S, O, Msb, K;) [because the aged lacks strength;] as also عَجُزَتْ, aor. ـُ (O, K;) and ↓ عَجَّزَتْ, inf. n. تَعْجِيزٌ. (S, O, K.) A2: عَجِزَتْ, aor. ـَ (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَجَزٌ and عُجْزٌ, (S, K,) [or the latter is a simple subst.,] or عَجْزٌ and عُجْزَانٌ, (O,) She (a woman, S) became large in the hinder parts, or posteriors; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُجِّزَتْ, inf. n. تَعْجِيزٌ: (Yoo, O, K:) and عَجِزَ, inf. n. عَجَزٌ, he (a man) became large therein: (Msb:) accord. to IAar, as related by Th, one does not say thus of a man except in this sense. (S, O.) b2: [Hence,] عَجِزَتِ الرَّمْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The piece of sand became high. (IKtt, TA.) A3: عُجِزَ He (a man) was importuned for his property: part. n. ↓ مَعْجُوزٌ. (O.) A4: عَاجَزْتُهُ فَعَجَزْتُهُ: see 3.2 عجّزهُ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَعْجِيزٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) He attributed, or imputed, to him lack of strength or power or ability; i. e., inability, or impotence: (S, * O, * K, * TA:) he asserted him to be, or called him, or made him, (جَعَلَهُ,) unable, or impotent. (Msb.) [Compare 4, in a sense given below from the B.] You say also, عَجَّزَ فُلَانٌ رَأْىَ فُلَانٍ Such a one attributed, or imputed, the opinion of such a one to littleness of good judgment, or of prudence; as though he attributed it to inability. (TA.) b2: Also He withheld him, or kept him back, or diverted him, (S, K,) from (عَنْ) a person or thing: (TA:) [as though he made him unable to attain his object: compare 4.]

A2: عَجَّزَتْ, said of a woman: see 1, latter part.

A3: عُجِّزَتْ, said of a woman: see 1, latter part. b2: عجّز دَابَّتَهُ He put the حَقِيبَة [q. v.] upon his beast. (Sgh, TA.) b3: عجّز الشَّاعِرُ The poet uttered, or wrote, the عَجُز, or last foot, of the verse. (TA.) 3 عاجزهُ: see أَعْجَزَهُ.

A2: ↓ عَاجَزْتُهُ فَعَجَزْتُهُ, (A, K,) aor. of the latter عَجُزَ, (TA,) I contended with him in a race, and I outstripped him. (A, O, K.) b2: And عاجز (inf. n. مُعَاجِزَةٌ, TA) He outstripped, and was not reached; as also ↓ اعجز: (A:) or he went away, and was not reached: (S, O, K:) or he fled, and could not be caught. (Msb.) A3: عاجز إِلَى ثِقَةٍ He inclined to a trusty person, (S, A, O, K,) and had recourse to him for refuge. (A.) [Hence,] فُلَانٌ يُعَاجِزُ عَنِ الحَقِّ إِلَى البَاطِلِ Such a one declines from the truth to falsehood, and has recourse to the latter for protection. (A, TA.) b2: And عاجز القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, left a thing and began another. (TA.) 4 اعجزهُ He found him to be without strength, or power, or ability; to be unable, or impotent. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: He, or it, made him to be (جَعَلَهُ) without strength or power or ability, to be unable, or impotent; disabled him; or incapacitated him; as also ↓ عاجزهُ. (B, TA.) [For an illustration of the latter verb, see its act. part. n., below: and compare 2, in a sense given above from the Msb. You say, اعجزهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He, or it, rendered him unable to do, effect, accomplish, achieve, attain, or compass, the affair.] b3: He, or it, rendered him (صَيَّرَهُ) unable (TS, K, TA) to attain, or overtake, him: (TS, TA:) b4: and [thus, by an inversion, it also signifies] he was unable to reach, or overtake, him. (Lth, TA.) b5: [It frustrated his power or ability, or his skill, or endeavours.] b6: It escaped him, so that he was unable to attain it, or to do it, or to accomplish it: (S, O, Msb, K:) and simply, he was unable to attain it, or to do it, or to accomplish it. (TA.) b7: See also 3.5 تعجّز البَعيرَ He rode upon the hinder part, or rump, of the camel. (Yaakoob, S, A, O, K.) عَجْزٌ: see عَجُزٌ. b2: Also, [said in the TA to be written by Sgh عَجَز, but it is written عَجْز in the O, and is thus accord. to the K,] A disease in the hinder part of a horse or the like, rendering him heavy. (O, K.) عُجْزٌ Old age of a woman: a simple subst. (TA.) You say, اِتَّقِى اللّٰهَ فِى شَبِيبَتِكِ وَعُجْزِكِ Fear thou God in thy youth and [thine old age, or] when thou becomest an old woman. (TA. [But اتّق is there put for اِتَّقِى: and in the explanation, تَصِيرُ for تَصِيرِينَ. See عَجَزَتْ.]) A2: See also عَجُزٌ. b2: [And see عَجِزَتْ.]

عِجْزٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَجُزٌ (S, A, O, L, Msb, K) and ↓ عَجْزٌ (O, L, Msb, K) and ↓ عُجُزٌ (L, Msb) and ↓ عُجْزٌ (O, L, Msb, K) and ↓ عَجِزٌ (O, L, K) and ↓ عِجْزٌ, (K,) but the first form is the most chaste, (Msb,) fem. and masc., (S, O, Msb, K,) in the first of the following senses, i. e., in the general application; and in the second, or restricted application, fem., but made masc. by the Benoo- Temeem, (Msb,) or, accord. to El-Heythemee, fem. only, (TA,) The hinder part of a thing; (S, A, O, L, Msb, K;) i. e., of anything: (Msb:) and particularly the hinder parts, posteriors, buttock, or buttocks, rump, or croup, (S, * O, *) or what is between the two hips, (Mgh, Msb,) or what is after the back, (TA,) of a man, and of a woman; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA;) [and of a camel, &c.;] and ↓ عَجِيزَةٌ signifies the same, but of a woman only, (S, O, Msb, K,) in its proper application, though sometimes of a man also by way of comparison: (IAth, Mgh, TA:) pl. of عَجُزٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and of its variants, (Msb, K,) أَعْجَازٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the only pl. form: (TA:) and of ↓ عَجِيزَةٌ, عَجِيزَاتٌ: they do not say عَجَائِزُ, [the regular form of pl. of عجيزة,] for fear of confusion [as it is pl. of عَجُوزٌ or of عَجُوزَةٌ]. (TA.) One says also, إِنَّهَا لَعَظيِمَةُ الأَعْجَازِ Verily she is large in the hinder parts: as though the term عَجُزٌ were applicable to every portion thereof. (Lh, TA.) And رَكِبَ فِى الطَّلَبِ أَعْجَازَ الإِبِلِ He exposed himself, in seeking [a thing], to abasement and difficulty and patient endurance, and exerted unsparingly his power or ability, (K, TA,) not caring for undergoing long night-journeying. (TA.) Thus expl. in a saying of 'Alee: لَنَا حَقٌّ إِنْ نُعْطَهُ نَأْخُذْهُ وَإِنْ نُمْنَعْهُ نَرْكَبْ أَعْجَازَ الإِبِلِ وَإِنْ طَالَ السُّرَى [There is a right belonging to us: if we be given it, we take it: and if we be refused it, we expose ourselves to abasement, &c., though the night-journeying be long]: (O, * TA:) or, accord. to Az, he does not mean this, but alludes to others' having precedence in respect of his right, and his being himself kept back from it. (TA.) One also says, بَنُو فُلَانٍ يَرْكَبُونَ أَعْجَازَ الإِبِلِ The sons of such a one are in a state of abasement, dependents of others: or experience difficulties; because the rump, or croup, of the camel is a difficult place to ride upon. (A.) And it is said by one of the wise, (Aktham Ibn-Seyfee, T, in TA, art. دبر,) لَا تَدَبَّرُوا أَعْجَازَ أُمُورٍ قَدْ وَلَّتْ صُدُورُهَا, (TA, in this art., and O,) or لَا تَتَدَبَّرُوا, (T, in TA, art. دبر,) (tropical:) [Think ye not upon the ends of things whereof the beginnings have passed:] meaning, when a thing has passed, make not your minds, or desires, to follow after it, regretting what has passed, but be consoled for it, placing your reliance upon God: (O, TA:) and, as IAth says, it is intended to incite to the consideration of the results, or issues, of affairs before the entering upon them. (TA.) [See also دَبَّرَ.] b2: أَعْجَازُ نَخْلٍ The trunks of palm-trees. (S, O, K.) [See Kur liv. 20 and lxix. 7.) And أَعْجَازُ الصِّلِّيَانِ [The stems of the صِلِّيَان]. (AHn, M in art. صل.) b3: عَجُزٌ also signifies The last foot of a verse; contr. of صَدْرٌ. (TA.) And The latter hemistich of a verse: the former hemistich is termed صَدْرٌ. (O.) [And The last word of a clause of rhyming prose. And the latter part of a word.]

A2: See also عَاجِزٌ.

A3: أَيَّامُ العَجُزِ: see عَجُوزٌ.

عَجِزٌ: see عَجُزٌ: A2: and see also عَاجِزٌ.

عُجُزٌ: see عَجُزٌ.

عُجْزَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

عِجْزَةٌ The last of the children of a man; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُجْزَةٌ. (IAar, O, K.) Yousay, فُلَانٌ عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ Such a one is the last of the children of his parents; and in like manner you say of a female, and of a plural number: (S, O, TA:) and so, [accord. to some,] كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ

أَبَوَيْهِ. (TA.) You say also, وُلِدَ لِعِجْزَةٍ He was born after his parents had become old: and such you term اِبْنُ العِجْزَةِ. (O, TA.) عَجُوزٌ i. q. عَاجِزٌ, q. v. (K.) b2: An old, or aged, woman: (S, O, Msb, K:) a woman extremely old; or old and weak: so called because of her inability to do many things: (TA:) [this is the most common signification of the word:] accord. to ISk, (S, O, Msb,) you should not say ↓ عَجُوزَةٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) or this is bad; (K;) and is said by the vulgar; (S, O;) but IAar authorizes it; (O;) and IAmb allows it, to demonstrate its being fem.; and Yoo is related to have heard it from the Arabs: (Msb:) pl. عَجَائِزُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) or this is pl. of عَجُوزَةٌ; (R, TA;) and عُجُزٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and عُجْزٌ, a contraction of عُجُزٌ, occurring in traditions. (TA.) b3: A man's wife, whether old or young: (Az, O, K, * TA:) and in like manner, the husband, though young, is called شَيْخٌ. (Az, O, TA.) b4: An old, or aged, man: (O, TA:) a man extremely old; or old and weak. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Wine; (S, O, K;) because of its oldness: (S, O:) or old wine. (A, TA.) A3: A certain nail in the hilt of a sword, (IAar, O, K,) with which is another nail called الكَلْبُ. (IAar, O, TA.) Az approves of this explanation. (O.) b2: A sword-blade. (Lth, S, O, K.) b3: A sword. (O, TA.) b4: [It has a great variety of other significations; but these are of very rare occurrence, and are therefore to be mentioned (ان شآء اللّٰه) in Book II.]

A4: أَيَّامُ العَجُوزِ; (S, O, K;) also called ↓ أَيَّامُ العَجُزِ, because they come in the latter part (عَجُز) of winter; but the former is the correct appellation; (MF;) accord. to the usage of the Arabs, Five days, the names of which are صِنٌّ and صِنَّبْرٌ and وَبْرٌ and مُطْفِئُ الجَمْرِ and مُكْفِئُ الظَّعْنِ; said by Ibn-Kunáseh to be of the نَوْء of الصَّرْفَة [by which is meant the auroral setting of the Twelfth Mansion of the Moon, which, in Central Arabia, about the commencement of the era of the Flight, happened on the 9th of March O. S.: in the modern Egyptian Almanacs, the ايّام العجوز are said to commence now on the 9th of March N. S., which is now the 26th of February O. S.]: (S, O, TA:) or, accord. to Abu-l-Ghowth, (S,) they are seven days, (S, K,) named صِنٌّ and صِنَّبْرٌ and وَبْرٌ and الآمِرُ and المُؤْتَمِرُ and المُعَلِّلُ and مُطْفِئُ الجَمْرِ, or مُكْفِئُ الظَّعْنِ: (K:) and some reckon مكفئ الظعن an eighth: but most authors hold these names to be post-classical: (MF:) accord. to Esh-Shereeshee, they are seven days; four of the last [days] of February, and three of the first [days] of March: (Har p. 295:) during these days blew the wind by which the tribe of 'Ád was destroyed: and they are thus called because they are [in] the latter part (عَجْز) of winter; or because an old woman (عَجُوز) of 'Ád concealed herself in a subterranean excavation, from which the wind dragged her forth on the eighth day, and destroyed her: (Bd in lxix. 7:) or آمِرٌ and مُؤْتَمِرٌ are the names of the last two days; (K in art. امر;) the former being the sixth, and the latter the seventh. (M in that art.) Ibn-Ahmar says, (S,) or, accord. to IB, not Ibn-Ahmar, but Aboo-Shibl 'Ásim Ibn-el-Aarábee, as Th says, on the authority of IAar, (TA,) or Aboo-Shibl

'Osm Ibn-Wahb Et-Temeemee, (O,) كُسِعَ الشِّتَآءُ بِسَبْعَةٍ غُبْرِ

أَيَّامِ شَهْلَتِنَا مِنَ الشَّهْرِ فَإِذَا انْقَضَتْ أَيَّامُهَا وَمَضَتْ صِنٌّ وَصِنَّبْرٌ مَعَ الوَبْرِ

وَبِآمِرٍ وَأُخَيِّهِ مُؤْتِمَرْ وَمُعَلِّلٍ وَبِمُطْفِئِ الجَمْرِ ذَهَبَ الشِّتَآءُ مُوَلِّيًا عَجِلًا وَأَتَتْكَ وَاقِدَةٌ مِنَ النَّحْرِ [The winter is driven away, or is closed, by seven dusty (days), our old woman's days of the month; and when her days come to an end, and Sinn and Sinnabr, with El-Webr, and with Ámir and his little brother Mu-temir, and Mo'allil, and with Mutfi-el-Jemr, pass, the winter goes away, retiring quickly, and a burning wind (رِيحٌ being understood) comes to thee from the first day of the ensuing month, or, accord. to a reading which I find in one copy of the S, from the sea, مِنَ البَحْرِ]. (S, O, TA.) عَجِيزٌ One who does not come to women [by reason of impotence]: (S, K:) and so عَجِيرٌ, (S, TA,) and عَجِيسٌ. (TA.) And A stallion impotent to cover: as also عَجِيسٌ. (IDrd, O, TA.) عِجَازَةٌ: see إِعْجَازَةٌ. b2: Also The دَابِرَة [in the CK (erroneously) دائِرَة], (O, K, TA,) i. e. backtoe, (O, TA,) of a bird. (O, K, TA.) عَجُوزَةٌ: see عَجُوزٌ.

عَجِيزَةٌ: see عَجُزٌ, in two places.

عَاجِزٌ Lacking strength, or power, or ability; powerless, unable, or impotent; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عَجُوزٌ, (K,) and ↓ عَجِزٌ and ↓ عَجُزٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first [عَاجِزُونَ, and] عَجَزٌ, [or rather this a quasi-pl. n.,] like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ, (TA,) and عَوَاجِزُ, (O, K,) but this is only in the dial. of Hudheyl, and, applied to men, is anomalous. (O, TA.) You say also, اِمْرَأَةٌ عَاجِزٌ A woman lacking strength, or power, or ability, to do a thing; unable to do a thing. (IAar, TA.) and it is said in a trad., respecting Paradise, لَا يَدْخُلُنِى إِلَّا سَقَطُ النَّاسِ وَعَجَزُهُمْ [There shall not enter me save the mean of mankind, and] those lacking in intelligence and in power with respect to worldly things. (TA.) b2: ثَوْبٌ عَاجِزٌ (tropical:) A garment that is [too] short: (A, O, TA:) or narrow, or scanty. (O.) أَعْجَزُ: fem. عَجْزَآءُ. b2: The latter signifies A woman large in the hinder parts, or posteriors; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُعْجِزَةٌ; (TA;) [unless this be a mistake for ↓ مُعَجَّزَةٌ, from عُجِّزَتْ:] or wide in the belly, heavy in the flesh upon the hips, and consequently large in the hinder parts. (TA.) b3: And each, Having the disease termed عَجْزٌ [q. v.]. (O, TA.) b4: And the fem., An eagle (عُقَابٌ) short in the tail, (S, O, K, TA,) and deficient therein: (TA:) and (some say, O) having in its tail a white feather, (O, K,) or two [white] feathers: (O:) or having a whiteness, or a colour differing [from the rest], in its hinder part: (TA:) and (some say, O) strong in the دَابِرَة (O, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] دائِرَة,) of the كَفّ, (K, TA,) i. e. in the back-toe: (TA:) so says IDrd. (O.) b5: رَمْلَةٌ عَجْزَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A high piece of sand: (S, O, K:) or an oblong piece of sand producing plants or herbage: (M, TA:) or a high oblong piece of sand, as though it were hard ground, not sand heaped up, but fertile: pl. عُجْزٌ, because it is an epithet. (T, TA.) إِعْجَازَةٌ A thing (S, O, K, TA) resembling a pillow, (O, TA,) with which a woman enlarges [in appearance] her hinder part, (S, O, K, TA,) binding it upon that part, (O, TA,) in order that she may be thought to be large in her hinder part, (O, K, TA,) when she is not so; (TA;) as also ↓ عِجَازَةٌ. (O, K.) مُعْجِزٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. b2: The words of the Kur [xxix. 21] وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِى الْأَرْضِ وَلَا فِى السَّمَآءِ signify, accord. to Fr, And ye shall not escape in the earth, nor shall those in the heaven escape: or, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák, and ye shall not escape in the earth, nor should ye if ye were in the heaven: or, accord. to Akh, and ye shall not escape by fleeing in the earth nor in the heaven: but Az says that the explanation of Fr is the best known. (L.) b3: ↓ مُعْجِزَةٌ [A miracle performed by a prophet; distinguished from كَرَامَةٌ, which signifies one performed by a saint, or righteous man, not claiming to be a prophet;] that by which a prophet disables the opponent in a contest; the ة implying intensiveness; (K;) as defined by the Muslim theologians, an event at variance with the usual course [of nature], produced by means of one who lays claim to the office of a prophet, in contending with those who disacknowledge [his claim], in such a manner as renders them unable to produce the like thereof; (O;) or an event breaking through, or infringing, the usual course [of nature] (أَمْرٌ خَارِقٌ لِلْعَادَةِ), inviting to good and happiness, coupled with a claim to the prophetic office, and intended to manifest the veracity of him who claims to be an apostle of God: (KT:) pl. مُعْجِزَاتٌ. (S, O, TA.) مُعْجِزَةٌ: see مُعْجِزٌ: A2: and see also أَعْجَزٌ.

مِعْجَزَةٌ A [zone, or waist-belt, such as is termed]

مِنْطَقَة: so called because it is next to the عَجُز of the person wearing it. (TA.) مِعْجَازٌ Always lacking strength, or power, or ability; always unable, or impotent. (TA.) A2: Also A road. (O, K. [In the TA, المعاجز كمحارب is erroneously put for المِعْجَاز كَمِحْرَاب.]) مَعْجُوزٌ Outstripped. (Z, TA.) b2: And Importuned by begging. (IAar, K, TA.) See also 1, last sentence but one.

مُعَجَّزَةٌ: see أَعْجَزُ.

مُعَجِّزٌ [act. part. n. of 2]: see مُعَاجِزٌ.

A2: Also, (TA,) or مُعَجِّزَةٌ, (Yoo, TA,) A woman becoming aged: (TA:) or become aged. (Yoo, TA.) مُعَاجِزٌ act. part. n. of 3 [q. v.]. b2: In the Kur xxii. 50 and xxxiv. 5, مُعَاجِزِينَ signifies Fighting and contesting with the prophets and their friends, to render them unable to perform the command of God: (Ibn-'Arafeh, O, K:) or opposing: or striving to outstrip, or gain precedence: (TA:) or opposing, (K,) [and] striving to outstrip or gain precedence: (O, K:) or imagining that they will render us unable to attain them, or that they will escape us; (Zj, K;) for they imagined that they were not to be raised from the dead, and that there was no Paradise nor Hell: (Zj, O, TA:) but some read ↓ مُعَجِّزِينَ, meaning, withholding, or keeping back, or diverting, the followers of the Prophet from him and from belief in the signs or miracles: or attributing impotence to the followers of the Prophet. (TA.)

عكس

1 عَكَسَهُ, aor. ـِ (A, * Msb, K, *) inf. n. عَكْسٌ, (S, A, O, Msb, K,) He reversed it; made the last part of it to be first, and the first to be last; or turned it kind part before, and fore part behind. (S, A, O, Msb, K.) [Hence,] عَكَسَ الكَلَامَ وَنَحْوَهُ, (A, O, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (O,) He inverted, reversed, converted, or transposed, the language or sentence, and the like; [as, for instance, a word;] he changed its order by inversion or transposition: (A, O, K:) sometimes a word, when this is done, remains as at first; as in the instances of بَابٌ and خَوْخٌ and عَكَوْكَعٌ: (TA:) or he perverted its order (TA) [or its meaning: see مَعْكُوسٌ]. [Hence the phrase بِالْعَكْسِ Vice versâ.] One says to him who speaks wrongly, لاَ تَعْكِسْ [Pervert not thou]. (A.) And ↓ مُعَاكَسَةٌ with respect to language and the like is like عَكْسٌ. (TA.) b2: [Hence, said of a mirror and the like, It reflected it; namely, an object before it; because the object seen in it is reversed.] b3: From the first of the significations mentioned above is derived the expression [used by the Arabs in the “ Time of Ignorance ”], عَكْسُ البَلِيَّةِ عِنْدَ القَبْرِ [The tying, with her head turned backwards, of the she-camel that is left to die at the grave in which her master is buried]; because they used to tie her with her head turned backwards towards the part next her breast and belly, or, as some say, towards her hinder part next the back, and to leave her in that state until she died. (S, O.) And [hence, app.,] العَكْسُ also signifies The confining a beast (دَابَّة) without fodder. (TA.) Yousay also, عَكَسَ رَأْسَ البَعِيرِ, aor. ـِ He turned the head of the camel [app. meaning backwards]. (TA.) And عَكَسَ البَعِيرَ, (IKtt, O, L, Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb, [in the L, عَكُسَ, which is evidently a mistranscription,]) inf. n. عَكْسٌ (S, IKtt, O, L, K) and عِكَاسٌ, (IKtt, L,) He tied the camel's neck to one of his fore legs while he was lying down: (IKtt, L, Msb:) or he tied the camel's fore shank to his (the camel's) arm with a rope, and then turned back the rope beneath his belly and tied it to his flank: (IDrd, O:) or he tied a cord in the fore part of the nose, or mouth, of the camel, (S, O, K,) [attaching it] to his fore legs, (K,) or to the pastern of [each of] his fore legs, (S, O,) to render him submissive, or tractable: (S, K:) or he put a halter (خِطَام) upon the head of the camel, and then tied it in a knot upon his knee, to prevent his being impetuous: (El-Jaadee:) or, accord. to an Arab of the desert, he pulled the rein (جَرِير) of the camel, and kept fast hold of his head, so that he went an easy and a quick pace: and عَكَسَ الدَّابَّةَ is said to signify he pulled the head of the beast towards him, to make him go backwards. (TA.) b4: عَكَسْتُ عَلَيْهِ أَمْرَهُ i. q. رَدَدْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [I reversed to him his affair, or case; I made his affair, or case, to become the contrary of what it was to him]. (Msb.) b5: عَكَسْتُهُ عَنْ أَمْرِهِ I prevented him from executing his affair. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Er-Rabeea Ibn-Kheythem, (TA,) اِعْكِسُوا أَنْفُسَكُمْ عَكْسَ الخَيْلِ بِاللُّجُمِ Rein in, or refrain, (TA,) or turn back, (A, TA,) yourselves [as one reins in, &c., horses by means of the bits and bridles]. (TA.) b6: And عَكَسَ الشَّىْءَ He pulled the thing towards the ground, and pressed it, or squeezed it, hard, then smote the ground with it. (TA.) A2: One says also, عَكَسْتُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَكْسٌ, [app. meaning I poured milk upon broth; for it is said to be] from عَكِيسٌ in the first of the senses assigned to it below: (O:) or العَكْسُ signifies the pouring عَكِيس, meaning as first expl. below, upon طَعَام [or food]: (K:) and اللَّبَنَ ↓ اِعْتَكَسَ signifies the same as عَكَسَ: (TA:) [or both of these verbs are intrans.;] عَكَسَ and اعتكس from عَكِيسٌ signify the same [app. without اللَّبَنَ]. (JM.) 2 عكّس, inf. n. تَعْكِيسٌ, [He said the contrary of what he meant; spoke ironically.] (A and Mgh in art. حرس. [In the former, تعكيس is coupled with تَهَكُّمٌ, which signifies the same.]) 3 مُعَاكَسَةٌ and عِكَاسٌ [are inf. ns. of عَاكَسَ]: for the former see 1, near the beginning. b2: دُونَ ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ عِكَاسٌ وَمِكَاسٌ (S, A, * O, K) means[In the way to the accomplishment of that affair is] a striving to turn [therefrom]: (A, TA:) or a mutual seizing of the forelock: (A, O, K, TA:) [عِكَاسٌ and مِكَاسٌ may signify alike:] or مكاس is an imitative sequent. (O, * K, * TK.) 5 تعكّس فِى مِشْيَتِهِ [He moved along like the viper in his gait;] he went along like the viper, (Lth, O, K, TA,) as though his veins had become dry, or stiff: said of a man: sometimes a drunken man goes along thus. (Lth, O, TA.) 7 انعكس, said of a thing, i. q. ↓ اعتكس; (O, K;) each is quasi-pass. of عَكَسَهُ [and signifies, therefore, It became reversed; the last part of it became first, and the first last; or it became turned hind part before, and fore part behind: it (language) became inverted, reversed, converted, or transposed: or its order, or meaning, became perverted]. (TA.) You say, الحَدٌّ يَطَّرِدُ وَيَنْعَكِسُ [The definition is of uniform, or general, application, and may become inverted, or converted: for instance, you may say, “a man is a rational animal,” and “ a rational animal is a man ”]. (A, TA. [See also العَكْسُ in Kull p. 255.]) Yousay also, انعكس الحَالُ The state, or condition, became reversed. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَكَسَ see 7: A2: and see also 1, last sentence.

عَكْسٌ, an inf. n. used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; The reverse either in respect of order or of sense, i. e. the converse or the contrary, of a proposition &c. Yousay, هٰذَا عَكْسُ هٰذَا This is the reverse, &c., of this.]

عِكَاسٌ The cord which is tied in the fore part of the nose, or mouth, of a camel, (S, O, K,) [and attached] to his fore legs, (K,) or to the pastern of [each of] his fore legs, (S, O,) to render him submissive, or tractable: (S, K:) the cord mentioned in explanations of عَكَسَ البَعِيرَ [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) عَكِيسٌ Milk poured upon broth, (O, K,) in whatever state it [the former] be. (O.) And (O, K) Fresh milk with إِهَالَة [or melted fat, &c.,] poured upon it, after which it is drunk: (S, O, K:) or flour upon which it is poured, and which is then drunk. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: Also A shoot of a grape-vine that is reversed (يُعْكَسُ) under the ground to [come forth at] another place. (S, O, K.) b2: لَيْلَةٌ عَكِيسَةٌ A dark night. (O, K.) b3: إِبِلٌ عَكِيسَةٌ Many camels. (O, K.) كَلَامٌ مَعْكُوسٌ Language, or a sentence, inverted, reversed, converted, or transposed: (A:) or perverted in order, or in meaning. (Msb.)

عرش

1 عَرَشَ, aor. ـِ and عَرُشَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْشٌ, (S, O,) He constructed, or built, what is called an عَرِيش; (K;) as also ↓ اعرش; (Zj, K;) and ↓ عرّش, (K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيشٌ: (TA:) or he built a building of wood. (S, O.) b2: عَرَشَ البَيْتَ, (K,) aor. ـِ and عَرُشَ, inf. n. عَرْشٌ and عُرُوشٌ, (TA,) He built the house, or the like. (K.) b3: عَرَشَ الكَرْمَ: see 2. b4: عَرَشَ البِئْرَ, (A, K,) aor. ـِ and عَرُشَ, (K,) inf. n. عَرْشٌ, (S, A, O,) He cased the well with stones to the height of the stature of a man in the lowest part, and the rest of it with wood: (K:) or he cased the well with wood, after having cased the lowest part thereof with stones to the height of the stature of a man. (S, O.) A2: عَرَشَ فُلَانًا, (K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَرْشٌ, (TA,) He struck such a one in the عُرْش, (K, TA,) i. e. base, (TA,) of his neck. (K, TA.) 2 عرّش, inf. n. تَعْرِيشٌ: see 1. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He (a bird) rose, and shaded with his wings him who was beneath him. (TA.) b3: عرّش العَرْشَ He made the عَرْش [q. v.: or perhaps we should read العَرِيشَ]. (TA.) b4: عرّش البَيْتَ, (O, K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He roofed the house, or the like; (O, K, TA;) and raised the building thereof. (TA.) b5: عرّش الكَرْمَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, O, TA,) He made an عَرِيش for the grape-vine: (Msb:) or he raised the shoots of the grape-vine upon the pieces of wood [made to support them]; as also ↓ عَرَشَهُ, (Zj, O, K,) aor. ـِ and عَرُشَ, inf. n. عَرْشٌ and عُرُوشٌ; (K;) or both signify he made an عَرْش for the grape-vine, and raised its shoots upon the pieces of wood; (TA;) and ↓ اعرشهُ signifies the same as عرّشهُ: (Zj, O, TA:) or عرّشهُ signifies he bent the pieces of wood upon which its branches, or shoots, were trained. (TA.) 4 اعرش: see 1. b2: اعرش الكَرْمَ: see 2.5 تَعَرَّشْنَا We pitched our tent, or tents. (A, TA.) b2: تعرّش بِالبَلَدِ He became fixed, settled, or established, in the country, or town. (Az, O, K.) 8 اعترش He made, or took, for himself an عَرِيش. (O, K.) b2: اعترش العِنَبُ The grapes mounted (S, O, K) upon the عَرِيش, (O, K,) or, as in the Mufradát, upon their عريش, (TA,) or upon the عِرَاش [which may be a pl. of عَرِيشٌ, like عَرَائِشُ, or perhaps it is a mistranscription for this last word]: (S: so in two copies:) and in like manner, اعترش العِنَبُ العَرِيشَ: (L, TA: [expl. by عَلَاهُ عَلَى العِرَاشِ, which seems to be a mistake for عَلَا عَلَى العِرِيشِ:]) and اعترشت القُضْبَانُ عَلَى العَرِيشِ The branches, or shoots, mounted upon the عريش. (A, TA.) عَرْشٌ A booth, or shed, or thing constructed for shade, (مِظَلَّةٌ,) mostly made of canes, or reeds; (K;) and sometimes, (TA,) made of palm-sticks, over which is thrown ثُمَام [a species of panic grass]; (Mgh, TA:) as described by Az, on the authority of the Arabs; (TA;) and such is meant by the عَرْش of Moses: (Mgh:) a thing resembling a house, or tent, made of palm-sticks, over which is put ثُمَام; as also ↓ عَرِيشٌ: (Msb:) a booth, or shed, syn. خَيْمَةٌ, (K, TA,) made of wood and ثمان; (TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيشٌ; (S, A, * O, K;) and such is meant by the ↓ عَرِيش of Moses; (A;) and sometimes the ↓ عَرِيش was made of palm-sticks, with ثُمَام thrown over them: (TA:) both signify a thing, (S, O,) or a house, or the like, (K,) used for shade: (S, O, K:) pl. of the former, عُرُوشٌ (ISd, Mgh, Msb, K) and عُرُشٌ and أَعْرَاشٌ [which is a pl. of pauc.] and عِرَشَةٌ: (K:) or عُرُشٌ is pl. of ↓ عَرِيشٌ, (S, ISd, O, Msb,) not of عَرْشٌ: (ISd:) or it is also pl. of ↓ عَرِيشٌ: (K:) and عُرُوشٌ is also a pl. of ↓ عُرْشٌ, which is a pl. of ↓ عَرِيشٌ. (L.) Hence The houses of Mekkeh, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb,) in which the needy of its inhabitants dwelt, (Mgh,) or its ancient houses, (K,) were called العُرُوشُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and العُرُشُ, (S, Msb,) and ↓ العُرْشُ; (O, K;) because they were of poles, or sticks, set up, and shaded over: (S, O, Msb:) or Mekkeh itself was called ↓ العُرْشُ: (Az, O, L, K:) or it was called العَرْشُ, with fet-h, and ↓ العَرِيشُ: (Az, L, K:) and its houses were called ↓ العُرْشُ, and العُرُوشُ. (K.) And hence, (S, O, Msb,) the saying in a trad., (S, O,) i. e., the saying of Saad, (K, TA,) when he heard that Mo'áwiyeh forbade the performing conjointly the greater and minor pilgrimages, (TA,) تَمَتَّعْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفُلَانٌ كَافِرٌ بِالْعُرُشِ, (S, O, K, *) or بِالْعُرُوشِ, (S, TA,) i. e., [We performed conjointly the greater and minor pilgrimages with the Apostle of God, (God bless and save him,)] when such a one, meaning Mo'áwiyeh, was abiding (O, L, K) in his state of unbelief, (L,) in Mekkeh; (L, K;) i. e. in the houses thereof: (O, L:) or, as some say, was hiding himself in the houses of Mekkeh. (L.) b2: A house [in an absolute sense]; a dwelling, or place of abode: (Kr, TA:) pl. عُرُشٌ (TA) [and عُرُوشٌ]. b3: A [building of the kind called] قَصْر. (K.) b4: The wood upon which stands the drawer of water: (K:) or a structure of wood built at the head of the well, forming a shade: [pl. عُرُوشٌ:] when the props are pulled away, the عُرُوش fall down. (TA.) [عَرْشٌ in relation to a well has also another meaning; which see below.] b5: The wooden thing [or trellis] which serves for the propping of a grape-vine. (TA.) [But this is more commonly called عَرِيشٌ, q. v.] b6: The roof of a house or the like: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) pl. عُرُوشٌ. (A.) So in a trad., where a lamp is mentioned as suspended to the عرش: (O, TA:) and in another, in which a man relates that he used, when upon his عرش, to hear the Prophet's reciting [of the Kur-án]. (TA.) And so it has been expl. as occurring in the phrase of the Kur [ii. 261 and xxii. 44], خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا Having fallen down upon its roofs: meaning that its walls were standing when their roofs had become demolished and had fallen to the foundations, and the walls fell down upon the roofs demolished before them: (O, TA:) but some consider على as here meaning عَنْ [from]. (TA.) b7: [Hence, app.,] العَرْشُ is applied to The عَرْش of God, which is not definable: (A, K:) I'Ab is related to have said that the كُرْسِىّ is the place of the feet and the عَرْش is immeasurable: and it is said in the Mufradát of Er-Rághib that the عَرْش of God is one of the things which mankind know not in reality, but only by name; and it is not as the imaginations of the vulgar hold it to be; [namely, the throne of God;] for were it so, it would be a support to Him; not supported; whereas God saith [in the Kur., xxxv. 39], “Verily God holdeth the heavens and the earth, lest they should move from their place; and if they should move from their place, no one would hold them after Him: ” or, as some say, it is the highest sphere; [or the empyrean;] and the كرسىّ is the sphere of the stars: and they adduce as an indication thereof the saying of Mohammad, that the seven heavens and earths, by the side of the كرسىّ, are nought but as a ring thrown down in a desert land; and such is the كرسىّ with respect to the عَرْش: and this assertion is mentioned in the B, but without approval: (TA:) [it appears, however, to be most commonly accepted:] or a red sapphire, which glistens with the light of the Supreme. (A, K.) [Hence the saying,] مِنَ العَرْشِ إِلَى الفَرْشِ meaning, [From the highest sphere, or the empyrean, to] the earth. (A.) b8: Also The سَرِير [or throne] (S, A, O, Msb, K) of a king; (S, A, O, K;) the seat of a sultán; [perhaps as being likened to the عرش of God; or, more probably, from its being generally surmounted by a canopy; or] because of its height. (Er-Rághib.) [Hence,] the phrase اِسْتَوَى عَلَى

عَرْشِهِ means He reigned as king. (A, TA.) b9: And [hence, also,] Certain stars in advance of السِّمَاك الأَعْزَل [which is Spica Virginis]; (TA;) [app. those meant by what here follows;] عَرْشُ السِّمَاكِ signifies four small stars [app. γ, δ, ε, and η, of Virgo, regarded as the seat of Bootes, the principal star of which is called السِّمَاكُ الرَّامِحُ, being described as] beneath العَوَّآء [which is a name of Bootes and also of the four stars mentioned above], and also called عَجُزُ الأَسَدِ [the rump of Leo, the figure of which was extended by the Arabs far beyond the limits which we assign to it]. (S, O, K.) b10: And عَرْشُ الجَوْزَآءِ [The seat of Orion; applied by our astronomers to

α of Lepus; but described as] four stars, of which two are on the fore legs and two on the hind legs, of Lepus. (Kzw.) b11: And عَمْشُ الثَّرَيَّا Certain stars near الثُّرَيَّا [or the Pleiades]. (T, TA.) b12: عَرْشٌ also signifies The جَمَازَة; (O, K, TA;) i. e., the bier of a corpse. (O, TA.) and hence, as some say, the expression in a trad., اِهْتَزَّ العَرْشُ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ, meaning The bier rejoiced [lit. shook] at the death of Saad Ibn-Mo'ádh; i. e., at carrying him upon it to his place of burial: (O, K, * TA:) but there are other explanations, for which see art. هز. (TA.) b13: The wood with which a well is cased after it has been cased with stones (S, O, K) in its lowest part (S, O) to the height of the stature of a man: (S, O, K:) pl. عُرُوشٌ. (S, O.) [Another meaning of the same word in relation to a well has been mentioned before.] b14: (assumed tropical:) The nest of a bird, such as is built in a tree, (K,) [app. as being likened to a booth.]

b15: The angle, or corner, or strongest side, syn. رُكْن, (Ks, Zj, K,) of a house, (Ks, Zj,) or [other] thing: (K:) pl. عُرُوشٌ. (Ks, Zj.) Accord. to some, the phrase in the Kur [ii. 261, mentioned above], خَاوِيَةٌ عَلَى عُرُوشِهَا, means Empty, and fallen to ruin upon its أَرْكَان [or angles, &c.]. (Ks, Zj, O.) b16: [Hence,] (tropical:) The head, or chief, who is the manager or regulator of the affairs, of a people, or company of men: (K:) likened to the عَرْش of a house. (TA.) b17: [Hence also,] (assumed tropical:) The means of support of a thing, or an affair. (A, O, K.) Hence the saying, ثُلَّ عَرْشُهُ, (O, K,) meaning (tropical:) His means of support became taken away: (TA:) or he perished: (A:) or he was slain; as also ↓ ثُلَّ عُرْشُهُ: (IDrd, in M, art. ثل:) or his might, or power, departed: (TA:) or his affairs, or state, became weak, and his might, or power, departed. (S, O. [See also art. ثل.] [For عَرْشٌ also signifies] b18: (tropical:) Might, or power: (Er-Rághib, K:) regal power; sovereignty; dominion: (IAar, Er-Rághib, K:) from the same word as signifying the throne, or seat, of a king. (Er-Rághib.) b19: And The protuberant part (S, O, K) in, (S, O,) or of, (K,) the upper surface of the foot, (S, O, K,) in which are the toes; (S, O, TA;) as also ↓ عُرْشٌ: pl. [of pauc.] أَعْرَاشٌ and [of mult.] عِرَشَةٌ: (O, TA:) and the part between the عَيْر [or prominent bone] and the toes, of the upper surface of the foot; as also ↓ عُرْشٌ: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) pls. the same as last mentioned above: (K:) or ↓ عُرْشٌ signifies the upper surface of the foot; and its lower surface is called the أَخْمَص. (IAar.) عُرْشٌ, both as a sing. and as a pl.: see عَرْشٌ, last sentence, in three places: b2: and the same paragraph, first and second sentences, in four places: and see ثُلَّ عُرْشُهُ in the latter part of the same paragraph. b3: العُرْشَانِ signifies Two oblong portions of flesh in the two sides of the neck, [app. the two sterno-mastoid muscles,] (S, A, O, K, TA,) between which are the vertebræ [of the neck]: (TA:) or in the base of the neck: (K:) or the base [itself] of the neck: so in the phrase ثَلَّ عُرْشَيْهِ: (IDrd and M in art ثل, q. v.:) or the أَخْدَعَانِ [or two branches of the occipital artery], (TA, as from the K, [in which I do not find it,]) which are (TA) [in] the two places of the cuppingvessels: (K, TA:) or the أَخْدَعَانِ are in the عُرْشَانِ: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or the عُرْش is a vein in the base of the neck: (Th, O:) or the عُرْشَانِ are [app. the two greater cornua of the os hyoides, which forms a support to the tongue; two bones in the لَهَاة [meaning furthest part of the mouth], which erect the tongue. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) It is related in a trad., respecting the slaying of Aboo-Jahl, that he said to Ibn-Mes'ood, خُذْ سَيْفِى فَاجْتَزَّ بِهِ رَأْسِي مِنْ عُرْشَيَّ [Take thou my sword, and cut with it my head from my عُرْشَانِ]. (O, TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) The ear: (K:) or (assumed tropical:) the two ears: because near to the عُرْشَانِ [properly so called]: hence the saying, نَفَثَ فِى عُرْشَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He spoke secretly to him, or with him. (As, A, O.) b5: And The extremity of the hair of the mane of a horse: (IDrd, O, K:) or so العُرْشُ. (TA.) b6: Also, (K,) or العُرْشُ, (TA [and thus accord. to a verse there cited],) The bulky she-camel; as though her chest were cased like a well. (K, TA. [See 1.]) عَرِيشٌ: see عَرْشٌ, first and second sentences, in several places. b2: Also, (K,) or عَرِيشُ كَرْمٍ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) [The trellis of a grape-vine;] the structure made for a grape-vine, of sticks, or pieces of wood, in the form of a roof, upon which are put the branches, or shoots, of the vine; (K, * TA;) [also, but less commonly, called عَرْشٌ;] the structure made for a grape-vine to rise upon it; (Mgh;) the elevated structure upon which a grape-vine spreads itself: (Msb:) pl. عَرَائِشُ, (Mgh, Msb,) [and perhaps عِرَاشٌ also: see 8.]

b3: Also, عَرِيشٌ, A thing resembling a هَوْدَج, (S, O, K,) but not [exactly the same as] it, made for a woman, who sits in it upon her camel: (S, O:) so called as being likened in form to the عريش of a vine: (Er-Rághib:) or ↓ عَرِيشَةٌ, with ة, is the same as هودج; and its pl. is عَرَائِشُ, (Msb,) which signifies the same as هَوَادِجُ. (ISh, A.) b4: And An enclosure of the kind called حَظِيرَة, made for beasts, to protect them from the cold. (TA.) عَرِيشَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عُرُوشَاتٌ Grape-vines. (TA.) كُرُومٌ مَعْرُشَاتٌ [Grape-vines furnished with, or trained upon, عَرَائِش, or trellises, pl. of عَرِيشٌ]. (S.) b2: بِئْرٌ مَعْرُوشَةٌ [A well cased with what is termed an عَرْش]. (S.) b3: Hence, (O,) مَعْرُوشُ الجَنْبَيْنِ A camel large in the sides. (O, K.)

عرف

1 عَرَفَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or sense], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) b2: And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. b3: عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) A2: عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) A3: عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. ـِ (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [he acted over us as an عريف during some years,] like كَتَبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) A4: عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) b2: And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) A5: عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) b2: عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) A6: عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.) 2 تَعْرِيفٌ signifies The making to know; syn. إِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it:] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. b2: Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) b3: [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining,” and “ a definition. ” b4: And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. b5: Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) b6: And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) A2: Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) b2: One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) b3: And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) A3: Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) A4: عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.) 4 اعرف فُلَانًا He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) A2: اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also 1, near the end.5 تعرّف It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) b2: And تعرّف إِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَاسْتَعْرِفْ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] b3: [Hence,] one says, تعرّف إِلَى اللّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى

اللّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) A2: تعرّفهُ [He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. b2: And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually:] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) b3: And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) A3: [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers\. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]6 تعارفوا They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) b2: And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.) 8 اعترف بِهِ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الإِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude:] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [any one that will throw me down]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b2: اعترف إِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.]

b3: اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) b4: And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) b5: See also 1, former half.

A2: And see 1, last quarter, in two places.10 استعرف [He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. b2: استعرف إِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) b3: استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) b2: اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) b3: And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) b5: Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane]. (O.) b6: Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) b7: And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [How fragrant is its odour!]. (S, O.) and لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance,] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [kind called] حَمْض, nor of the [kind called] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [kind called] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.) عُرْفٌ [Acknowledgment, or confession;] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الإِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) b2: Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [favour, kindness, or bounty,] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation:] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ

↓ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [and for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ

↓ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat)] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) b3: [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.

See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.]

A2: Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane;] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [They came as though they were a mane], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, came] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The sand-grouse flew] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth] consecutively, like [the several portions of] the عُرْف [or mane] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِالْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing] that is upon the [channels for irrigation that are called] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, K:) so it is said: (S, O:) or the upper parts of the wall: or by عَلَى الأَعْرَافِ may be there meant عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلِ النَّارِ [i. e., app., and possessing knowledge of the people of Paradise and of the people of Hell: for it seems that مُحْتَوُونَ, or the like, is to be understood before على]. (Zj, TA.) [And hence it is the name of The Seventh Chapter of the Kur-án.] By

أَصْحَابُ الأَعْرَافِ [The occupants of the اعراف], there mentioned, are said to be meant persons whose good and evil works have been equal, so that they shall not have merited Paradise by the former nor Hell by the latter: or prophets: or angels. (Zj, TA.) b5: See also عُرْفَةٌ. b6: [The pl.]

أَعْرَافٌ also signifies (tropical:) The higher, or highest, (K, TA,) and first, or foremost, (TA,) of winds; (K, TA;) and likewise of clouds, and of mists. (TA.) b7: And عُرْفٌ signifies also, (As, O, K,) in the speech of the people of El-Bahreyn, (As, O,) A species [or variety] of palm-trees; (As, O, K;) and so [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (O, K) is expl. by IDrd: (O:) or when they first yield fruit, or edible fruit, or ripe fruit; (K, TA;) or when they attain to doing so: (TA:) or a [sort of] palmtree in El-Bahreyn, also called بُرْشُوم; (K, TA;) but this is what is meant by As and IDrd. (TA.) b8: And The tree of the أُتْرُجّ [i. e. citrus medica, or citron]. (K.) A3: Also pl. of عَرُوفٌ: b2: and of أَعْرَفُ and عَرْفَآءُ. (K.) عِرْفٌ, with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى إِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) A2: And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِابْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions!]. (IAar, O, TA.) عُرُفٌ: see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) A2: See also عَرْفٌ.

A3: Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.) عُرْفَةٌ: see عُرْفٌ, latter half. b2: Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) b3: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.) عِرْفَةٌ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) b2: See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ The ninth day of [the month] ذُو الحِجَّة [when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.) عُرْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.) عِرِفَّانٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) A2: Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.) عَرُوفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) b3: [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars.]

A2: See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn. عِرَافَةٌ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.]) عَرُوفَةٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ A كَاهِن [or diviner]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) b2: and (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) b3: And A physician. (S, O, K.) b4: and One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.) عَارِفٌ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs]. (S, O.) b2: For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. b3: It also signifies particularly [Skilled in divine things;] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) b4: See also مَعْرُوفٌ.

A2: Also, the first, [Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [A soul, or mind,] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.) عَارِفَةٌ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [He is none other than one possessing little knowledge]. (TA.) أَعْرَفَ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) A2: Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) b2: The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) b3: and one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.) مَعْرَفٌ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [May God preserve] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances;] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [whereby they are known]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ meansThose who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man;] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ meansThe faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.) مَعْرَفَةٌ The place [or part] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.) مَعْرِفَةٌ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge:] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. b3: [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]

مُعَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.

A2: ] Food rendered fragrant. (TA.) A3: And Food put part upon part [app. so that the uppermost portion resembles a mane or the like (عُرْف)]. (TA.) [Golius, as on the authority of J, and hence Freytag, assign to it a meaning belonging to مُعَرَّقٌ.]

A4: Also The place of halting [of the pilgrims] at عَرَفَات. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a trad. of I'Ab, the phrase بَعْدَ المُعَرَّفِ occurs as meaning After the halting at عَرَفَة [or rather عَرَفَات]. (TA.) مَعْرُوفٌ [Known: and particularly well, or commonly, known]. أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ and ↓ عَارِفٌ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is disapproved by Az, having not been heard by him on any other authority than that of Lth, (O, TA,) [though there are other similar instances well known, (see أَمْرٌ, and دَافِقٌ,)] signify the same [i. e. A known affair or event &c.]; (O, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيفٌ. (Msb, TA,) b2: [Hence, in grammar, The active voice; opposed to مَجْهُولٌ.]

b3: See also عُرْفٌ, former half, in seven places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَعْرُوفَهٌ Land having a fragrant عَرْف [or odour]. (TA.) A3: رَجُلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ A man having a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S.) مُعْتَرِفٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related to have said, اُطْرُدُوا المُعْتَرِفِينَ, meaning [Drive ye away] those who inform against themselves [or confess or acknowledge the commission] of something for which castigation is due to them; as though he disliked their doing so, and desired that people should protect them. (TA.) مُتَعَارَفٌ [applied to language, or a phrase, or word, means Known by common conventional usage]. One says, هُوَ مُتَعَارَفٌ بَيْنَهُمْ It is known [by common conventional usage] among them. (MA. See also عُرْفٌ.])

عسف

1 عَسَفَ فِى الأَمْرِ, (Msb,) [aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسْفٌ, (TA,) He did the affair [or he acted in it] without consideration; (Msb, TA; *) and ↓ تعسّف and ↓ اعتسف have the like meaning: (Msb, * TA:) whence what next follows. (Msb.) b2: عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ He travelled the road not following a right direction: (Msb:) [or you say,] عَسَفَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَسْفٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اعتسف, and ↓ تعسّف; (O, K;) he declined from the road, (O, K, TA,) and journeyed without direction and without pursuing a right course: (TA:) or عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ (K, * TA) he travelled the road, (K, TA,) seeking an object of want, (TA,) without direction: (K, TA:) and ↓ اعتسفهُ, and ↓ تعسّفه, he travelled it without aiming at and hitting upon a right course: (TA:) and عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, (Mgh,) or المَفَازَةَ, inf. n. as above, (TA,) he traversed, or crossed, the desert, or waterless desert, without direction, (Mgh, TA,) and without any travelled road; as also ↓ اعتسفها: (Mgh:) or عَسْفٌ signifies the taking a course not along the road, (S, IAth, O, TA,) and without knowledge: (IAth, TA:) this is said by IAth to be the primary meaning: (TA:) or, accord. to IDrd, the primary meaning is the travelling the road without direction: (O:) and ↓ الاِعْتِسَافُ signifies the taking a course at random, without direction and without knowledge. (Ham p. 613.) And one says, بَاتَ يَعْسِفُ اللَّيْلَ, inf. n. as above, He passed the night journeying therein without direction, seeking a thing. (Msb.) And عَسْفٌ [alone] signifies The going round about by night seeking an object of quest, or desire. (O, K.) [See also 2, and 4.]

b3: Hence, i. e. from the frequent usage of the verb in its primary sense, عَسَفَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا, meaning Such a one treated, or used, such a one wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (O;) as also ↓ تعسّفهُ: (O, * K:) and عَسَفَ السُّلْطَانُ (O, K) i. e. [The Sultán, or ruling power,] acted wrongfully, unjustly, &c.: (K:) inf. n. as above. (IAth, Mgh, TA.) b4: And [hence,] عَسَفَ فُلَانَةَ He violated such a woman. (TA.) b5: And الدَّمْعُ يَعْسِفُ الجُفُونَ (assumed tropical:) The tears are copious so that they flow in other than their [proper] channels. (A, TA.) b6: And عَسَفَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He took him, or it, with strength, or force. (Msb.) b7: And عَسَفَهُ He took him as a servant, (O, K, TA,) or an عَسِيف; (TA;) as also ↓ اعتسفهُ. (O, K, TA.) b8: عَسَفَ عَلَيْهِ and لَهُ He worked, or wrought, for him [as a hired servant]. (K.) One says, كَمْ أَعْسِفُ عَلَيْكَ (O) or لَكَ (TA) i. e. [How long shall I] work for thee, (O, TA,) and earn, or gain, for thee, going repeatedly to and fro for thee like him who goes round about in the night seeking an object of quest, or desire? (TA.) b9: And عَسَفَ ضَيْعَتَهُمْ, (K,) aor. as above, (O,) He kept, minded, or managed, their estate, and ordered its affairs in their stead, (O, K, TA,) and went to and fro occupied in that which should put it [or keep it] in a good, or right, state. (TA.) A2: عَسْفٌ signifies also The breathing of death, (O, K.) And عَسَفَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسْفٌ (O, TA) and عُسُوفٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, (O, K,) He was at the point of death, and had [the affection, or disease, termed] عُسَاف: or, as some say, he had the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q.v.]: (O:) or he was at the point of death by reason of the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة, and began to breathe [or pant] so that his حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] became convulsed. (K.) [See also عَزَفَ.]2 تَعْسِيفٌ The journeying without any sign of the way and without track; (TA;) and so ↓ تَعَسُّفٌ. (TA in art. سمت: see a verse cited in the first paragraph of that art.) [See also 1, and 4.]

A2: عسّفهُ, inf. n. as above, He fatigued, or jaded, him, (O, K, TA,) namely, his camel, (O, TA,) by journeying. (TA.) 4 اعسف He journeyed by night, [going at random, in a headstrong and reckless manner,] like the weak-sighted she-camel that beats the ground with her fore feet as she goes along, not guarding herself from anything. (IAar, O, K, TA.) [See also 1, and 2.] b2: And He punished his young man with hard work. (IAar, O, K.) A2: Also He (a man, O) had his camel taken with the breathing of death, (IAar, O, K,) termed العَسْف. (IAar, O.) A3: And He kept to drinking from the large cup or bowl [termed عَسْف]. (IAar, O, K.) 5 تَعَسَّفَ see 1, first quarter, in three places: and see 2. b2: تَعَسُّفٌ in language is from عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, [and the like,] expl. above: (Mgh:) it signifies [in its general application The using, or use of, a discommendable license in language: and particularly vague, or vagueness of, expression; or] the making language to accord with [or to hear] a meaning which it does not plainly indicate. (KT.) b3: See also 1, third quarter. b4: [Hence,] one says, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفُ فَتَعَسَّفَهُ i. e. [The sword fell upon him, and] hit the bone that was the main stay of the limb, falling short of the joint. (TA.) 7 انعسف It bent, or inclined; syn. انعطف. (O, K.) Hence, (TA,) Aboo-Wejzeh says, ↓ وَاسْتَيْقَنَتْ أَنَّ الصَّلِيفَ مُنْعَسِفْ meaning [And she knew, or became sure, that] the side of the week [was bending, or inclining]. (O, TA.) 8 إِعْتَسَفَ see 1, in six places.

عَسْفٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. passim.

A2: Also] A large drinking-cup or bowl; (S, O, K, TA;) like عُسٌّ: pl. عُسُوفٌ. (TA.) عَسَفَاتٌ: see what next follows.

عُسَافٌ, in a camel, as expl. by As on the authority of an Arab of the desert, is [The suffering experienced] when the حَنْجَرَة [or bead of the windpipe] is convulsed (تَرْجُفُ, O, or تَقْمُصُ, i. e. تَرْجُفُ, S) by the breathing (S, O) at death: (O) they say that it is to camels like نِزَاعٌ to man. (TA.) One says of a she-camel, بِهَا عُسَافٌ (O, K) and ↓ عَسَفَاتٌ, (K,) meaning In her is the suffering expl. above: (O:) or the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة (O, K) occasioning her to be at the point of death and to breathe [or pant] so that her حَنْجَرَة is convulsed. (K.) عَسُوفٌ Travelling without following a right direction; [as also ↓ عَاسِفٌ; and, app., in like manner, ↓ عِسِّيفٌ, but in an intensive sense, occurring in a verse of Esh-Shenfarà, (see Dc Sacy 's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., ii. 359-60,) but not found by me in any of the lexicons:] pl. عُسُفٌ, like as رُسُلٌ is pl. of رَسُولٌ. (Msb.) Applied to a she-camel as meaning That goes along at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeying a guide to the right course, and that is not turned by anything. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; syn. جَائِرٌ: (TA:) or one who acts wrongfully, &c., much, or often; syn. ظَلُومٌ: (S, Mgh, O, * K, TA:) and ↓ عَسَّافٌ also has the former [or rather the latter] meaning. (TA.) b3: And One who takes with strength, or force; and so, but in an intensive sense, ↓ عَسَّافٌ. (Msb.) عَسِيفٌ A hired man; a hireling: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or a slave who is held in light, or mean, estimation, or in contempt: (O, L, TA:) in the K, المُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ is erroneously put for المُسْتَهَانُ بِهِ, the reading in the O and L: (TA:) a poet says, (O,) namely, Nubeyh Ibn-El-Hajjáj, (TA,) أَطَعْتُ النَّفْسَ فِى الشَّهَوَاتِ حَتَّى

أَعَادَتْنِى عَسِيفًا عَبْدَ عَبْدِ [I obeyed the soul in respect of appetites until it rendered me a despised bondman, a slave of a slave]: (O, TA:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, from عَسَفَ لَهُ meaning “ he worked for him; ” or in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from عَسَفَهُ meaning “ he took him as a servant: ” (K: [and the like is said in the O:]) pl. عُسَفَآءُ (S, Mgh, O, Msb) and عِسَفَةٌ, which latter is anomalous. (TA.) عَسَّافٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, last two sentences.

عِسِّيفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, first sentence.

عَاسِفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ.

A2: Also, applied to a she-camel, (Aboo-Yoosuf, S, O, K,) without ة, (O,) as well as to a he-camel, (TA,) At the point of death, and having [the affection, or disease, termed]

عُسَاف: or, as some say, having the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q. v.]: (O:) or at the point of death by reason of the غُدَّة, and beginning to breathe [or pant] (Aboo-Yoosuf, S, K) so that the حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] becomes convulsed. (K.) هُوَ رَاكِبُ التَّعَاسِيفِ means He is one who has no known place of aim, or pursuit: (Msb in art. ركب:) the last word is app. pl. of تَعْسَافٌ, which is of a form common to triliteral-radical verbs, in general. (Msb in the present art.) مَعْسِفٌ A place in which one travels without direction: (O, TA:) [in which is no sign of the way nor any track: pl. مَعَاسِفُ:] one says, أَخَذُوا فِى مَعَاسِفِ البِيدِ [They took their way in the tracts of the deserts, or of the waterless deserts, in which one travels without direction]. (TA.) مَعْسُوفَةٌ, applied to a woman, Violated. (TA.) مُنْعَسِفٌ part. n. of 7, q. v. (O, TA.)

عكف

1 عَكَفَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ and عَكِفَ, [the former, only, mentioned in the Mgh, and only the latter in the CK,] inf. n. عُكُوفٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عَكْفٌ, (Msb, TA,) or the latter is of the trans. verb, (T, TA,) He kept, or clave, to it constantly, or perseveringly; (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, K, TA;) namely, a thing; (S, O, Msb;) not turning his face from it: or, as some say, he continued intent upon it: (TA:) and, accord. to Er-Rázee, عَلَيْهِ ↓ اعتكف would be agreeable with analogy, in the sense of عَكَفَ عليه, but has not been heard. (Har p. 682.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 134], يَعْكُفُونَ عَلَى أَصْنَامٍ

لَهُمْ, (S, * O, TA,) or يَعْكِفُونَ, accord. to different readers, (O, TA,) i. e. A people keeping, or cleaving, constantly, or perseveringly, to the worship of idols belonging to them; (Ksh;) or continuing intent upon the worship of idols belonging to them. (Bd, Jel.) b2: And عُكُوفٌ [or عُكُوفٌ فِى مَكَانٍ] signifies The keeping, or cleaving, to a place. (TA.) See also 8. b3: and one says, عَكَفَتِ الخَيْلُ بِقَائِدِهَا meaning أَقْبَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ [i. e. The horses, or horsemen, (for the latter may be meant notwithstanding the fem. pronoun, agreeably with an ex. in De Sacy's Gram., sec. ed., ii. 265,) advanced, or approached, towards their leader; or kept, or clave, to him]. (TA.) b4: And عَكَفُوا حَوْلَهُ They went round it; (S, O, K;) namely, a thing. (S, O.) El-'Ajjáj says, *عَكْفَ النَّبِيطِ يَلْعَبُونَ الفَنْزَجَا [Like the going round of the Nabathæans playing the game called فَنْزضج: in which عَكْفَ is probably used by poetic license for عُكُوفَ]. (S, O.) and in like manner one says, عَكَفَتِ الطَّيْرُ عَلَى القَتِيلِ, (O,) or حَوْلَ القَتِيلِ, (K,) [The birds went round the slain person], inf. n. عُكُوفٌ. (TA.) and عَكَفَ الجَوْهَرُ فِى النَّظْمِ (S, O, K) i. e. [The gems] went round [among the strung beads]. (O, K.) b5: And عَكَفَ signifies also تَأَخَّرَ [He went back or backwards, &c.; or became, or remained, behind; &c.]. (O, K.) A2: عَكَفَهُ, aor. ـُ and عَكِفَ, [the former, only, mentioned in the Mgh, and only the latter in the CK,] inf. n. عَكْفٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) He, or it, made him, or it, still, or motionless: (S, O:) and he, or it, detained, withheld, or debarred, him, or it; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عكّفهُ, (O, * TA,) inf. n. تَعْكِيفٌ; (TA;) and so عَكَفَ بِهِ. (Har p. 293.) One says, عَكَفْتُهُ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ, (Msb,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) I withheld him from the object of his want: (Msb:) or I turned him away, or back, therefrom. (TA.) And مَا عَكَفَكَ عَنْ كَذَا [What has withheld thee, or turned thee away or back, from such a thing?]. (S, O.) b2: See also 2. b3: عَكَفَ, (O, K,) inf. n. عَكْفٌ, (O,) also signifies رَعَى [app. as trans., meaning He tended, or pastured, cattle; &c.]. (O, K.) b4: And i. q. أَصْلَحَ [He put into a good, sound, right, or proper, state; &c.]. (O, K.) 2 عَكَّفَ see 1, last quarter. b2: One says, عكّف السِّلْكُ السُّمُوطَ i. e. [The thread of the necklace] kept from becoming scattered [the things suspended therefrom]. (O, from a verse of El-Aashà.) b3: And عُكِّفَ النَّظْمُ, inf. n. تَعْكِيفٌ, The strung beads had gems disposed in regular order (نُضِّدَ, Lth, O, or نُظِمَ, K) among them. (Lth, O, K.) b4: and عُكِّفَ الشَّعَرُ The hair was crisped, curled, or twisted, and contracted. (O, K.) And عكّفت شَعَرَهَا She (a woman) made her hair to cleave together, one part to another, and disposed it in plaits; as also ↓ عَكَفَتْهُ; (Ham p. 267;) but, accord. to Lth, they seldom said عَكَفَ in relation to hair that is termed مَعْكُوف, i. e. “ combed and plaited,” though, if this were said, it would be correct. (O.) 3 عاكف, accord. to Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, (app. followed by an accus.,) signifies He clave continually to the side of any one.]5 تعكّف He confined, restrained, withheld, or debarred, himself; (O, K;) as also ↓ اعتكف: one should not say ↓ انعكف. (K.) 7 إِنْعَكَفَ see what next precedes.8 إِعْتَكَفَ see 1, first sentence: and see also 5. b2: اعتكف, (Mgh, O, Msb, K, *) or اعتكف فِى المَسْجِدِ, (S, O, * K, *) and فِيهِ ↓ عَكَفَ, signify the same, (O, K,) i. e. He secluded himself, (S, O, TA,) or remained, (Mgh, TA,) in the mosque, or place of worship, (S, Mgh, O, TA,) performing a particular sort of religious service, with the observance of certain conditions, (Mgh,) [during a period of days and nights, or at least during one whole day, fasting from daybreak to sunset, and occupying himself in prayer and religious meditation, without any interruption by affairs distracting the mind from devotion and not pressing,] not going forth therefrom except for human necessity: (TA:) اِعْتِكَافٌ is thus termed because it is the withholding oneself from the customary exercises of freedom of action in the disposal, or management, of affairs. (Msb.) عَكِفٌ Crisp, curly, or twisted, and contracted, hair. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) عَاكِفٌ Keeping, or cleaving, constantly, or perseveringly, [عَلَى شَىْءٍ to a thing, and فِى مَكَانٍ in a place:] (S, O: *) or continuing intent [upon a thing]: and remaining, staying, dwelling, or abiding, in a place: (O:) pl. عَاكِفُونَ and عُكُوفٌ (O, K, TA) and عُكَّفٌ. (TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ عَاكِفٌ عَلَى فَرْجٍ حَرَامٍ [Such a one is keeping, or cleaving, constantly, or perseveringly, to an unlawful فَرْج]. (S, O.) مُعَكَّفٌ Bent, crooked, contorted, or distorted. (TA.) [See also مُعَقَّفٌ.]

مَعْكُوفٌ Made still, or motionless: and detained, withheld, or debarred. (S, O.) Hence مَعْكُوفًا in the Kur [xlviii. 25], (S, O,) meaning Being detained, or withheld; (Mgh, TA;) as expl. by Mujáhid and 'Atà. (TA.) b2: And Hair combed and plaited. (O, K.) [See also مَعْقُوفٌ, voce مُعَقَّفٌ.]

مُعْتَكَفٌ A man's place of اِعْتِكَاف [or self-seclusion in a mosque or the like: see 8]. (TA.)

عصل

1 عَصَلَ العُودَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَصْلٌ, (TA,) He made the عود [or piece of wood, or branch, or the like,] crooked: A2: and عَصِلَ, aor. ـَ [inf. n. عَصَلٌ, q. v.,] It was crooked naturally [or originally]: thus in the K: or, as in some copies, [and among them my MS. copy, and the CK,] the latter verb has this meaning: and it is added, تَعْصِيلًا ↓ فَإِنْ كَانَ اعْوِجَاجُهُ بِهِ قُلْتَ عَصَّلَ [app. meaning that this last verb signifies it became crooked of itself, i. e., by some accident of its growth]. (TA.) And عَصِلَ, aor. ـَ [inf. n. عَصَلٌ,] signifies also It was crooked, with hardness: (K, TA:) and it was crooked and strong or hard; said of the canine tooth of a camel; as is the case only when he has become advanced in age: and, said of the same, [simply,] it became strong or hard; as also ↓ أَعْصَلَ. (TA.) Also, said of a horse, He had that twisting of the tail which is signified by the term عَصَلٌ expl. below. (K, * TK.) A3: عَصَلَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَصْلٌ, (TK,) said of a man, and of other than man, (TA, [in the TK said of a boy,]) also signifies He urined; made water: (K, TA: [in the CK, مالَ is erroneously put for بَالَ:]) it occurs in a trad. as said of a fox that made water upon the head of an idol. (TA.) 2 عصّل: see 1. b2: Also, inf. n. تَعْصِيلٌ, It (an arrow) twisted when shot. (TA. [But see مُعَصِّلٌ.]) b3: Also, (AA, O,) inf. n. as above, (AA, O, K,) said of a man, (AA, O,) He was, or became, slow, dilatory, late, or backward. (AA, O, K.) 4 أَعْصَلَ see 1.

Q. Q. 4 اِعْصَأَلَّ He grasped, or laid hold upon, his staff. (IKh, O, K.) عِصْلٌ: see the next paragraph.

عَصَلٌ [inf. n. of عَصِلَ, q. v.:] A twisting in the عَسِيب [or bone, or slender part, or part where the hair grows,] of the tail (S, O, K) of the horse, (K,) so that a portion of the inner side upon which is no hair appears, (S, O,) or so that it hits [the flesh of the part of the thigh that is called] his كَاذَة and [the flesh upon the socket of the hip, or the vein in the thigh, that is called] his فَائِل. (K, TA. [In the CK, قَائِلَهُ is erroneously put for فَائِلَهُ.]) And Crookedness with hardness: (K:) or crookedness and strength or hardness of a canine tooth. (S, O.) A2: Also sing. of أَعْصَالٌ signifying The intestines into which the food passes from the stomach; (As, S, O, K;) and it (the sing.) is also pronounced ↓ عِصْلٌ. (K.) b2: And Wreathed, or twisting, and curved, sands: occurring in this sense in a trad. (TA.) b3: and Certain trees which, when the camel eats thereof, cause him to void thin dung: (S, O:) or the trees called دِفْلَى [q. v.]: (K:) or certain trees resembling the دِفْلَى, which the camels eat, and after which they drink water every day: or, as some say, [trees of the kind called] حَمْض that grow upon, or at, the waters: (TA:) a single tree thereof is called عَصَلَةٌ. (S, O, K. [See also عَضَلَةٌ, in art. عضل.]) [Accord. to Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab. pp. cxiv. and 110) now applied to a species of Ocymum which he terms serpyllifolium.]

عَصِلٌ: see أَعْصَلُ, in three places. b2: Also An arrow crooked in [the portion called] its مَتْن [q. v.]. (TA.) b3: And شَجَرَةٌ عَصِلَةٌ A crooked tree, (S, O, TA,) that cannot be straightened by reason of its hardness. (TA.) عَاصِلٌ, applied to an arrow, Strong, or hard. (K, * TA.) العُنْصُلُ and العُنْصَلُ, and ↓ العُنْصُلَآءُ and العُنْصَلَآءُ, (S, O, K, [in the O, and a second time in the K, mentioned in art. عنصل,]) What is called (S, O, K) by the physicians (S, O) الإِسْقَالُ, (S, O, K,) pronounced with إِمَالَة [i. e. el-iskélu, notwithstanding the ق, which is generally an obstacle to امالة], and in some of the books of the physicians written with ى, [i. e. الإِسْقِيلُ,] (O,) or only known to them as thus pronounced; (TA;) [i. e. scilla, or squill; particularly the officinal squill;] i. q. البَصَلُ البَرِّىُّ; (O, K;) also called بَصَلُ الفَأْرِ; (K;) [see art. بصل;] and a vinegar is prepared from it: (S, TA:) IAar says that it is a certain plant in the deserts, of which they assert that longing pregnant women desire it and eat it, and that it is what is called البَصَلُ البَرِّىُّ: AHn says, it consists of leaves like the leek, appearing extended and lank: and in one place he says, it is a certain tree [or plant] of the plain, or soft, tracts, growing in places of water and moisture, in like manner as does the مَوْزَة [?], and it has a blossom like that of the white سَوْسَن [or lily], of which the bees eat, and make honey; and the oxen, in cases of drought, eat its leaves, which are mixed for them in the fodder: (TA:) it is good for the alopecia, and hemiplegia (الفَالِج), and sciatica; and the vinegar thereof, for chronic cough, and asthma, and the rattles; and strengthens the weak body: (K:) the pl. is عَنَاصِلُ. (S, O.) b2: أَخَذَ فِى طَرِيقِ العُنْصُلَيْنِ (S, O) and طريق العُنْصُلِ, (S,) [He entered upon, or took to, the road of العنصلين and العنصل,] a road from El-Yemámeh to El-Basrah, is said of a man as meaning (assumed tropical:) he went astray: (S, O:) but AHát says that he asked As respecting طريق العنصلين, and he pronounced the latter word with fet-h to the ص; adding that it should not be pronounced with damm; and that the saying originated from ElFarezdak's mentioning, in his poetry, a man who went astray in this road. (O.) One says also, سَلَكَ طَرِيقَ العنصلينِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He pursued that which was false, vain, or futile. (TA.) العُنْصُلَآءُ and العُنْصَلَآءُ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَعْصَلُ, applied to a horse, Having a twisting of the عَسِيب [of the tail, such as is termed عَصَلٌ, expl. above]: pl. عِصَالٌ, (K, * TA,) which is extr.; or, in the opinion of ISd, this is pl. of ↓ عَصِلٌ. (TA.) And Crooked, with hardness; as also ↓ عَصِلٌ; (K, TA;) both applied to anything: (TA:) pl. as above. (K, TA.) And [simply] Crooked; applied in this sense to a canine tooth; and to an arrow: pl. عُصْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K, وَكَكِتَابٍ

الأَعْوَجُ وَالسَّهْمُ المُعْوَجُّ is erroneously put for وَلِلنَّابِ الأَعْوَجِ وَالسَّهْمِ المُعْوَجِّ:]) or [the pl.] عُصْلٌ is applied in this sense to arrows: and أَعْصَلُ applied to a canine tooth signifies crooked and strong or hard; (S, O, TA;) and ↓ عَصِلٌ likewise signifies crooked and strong or hard, and old; applied to the canine tooth of a camel, because it is thus only when the camel has become advanced in age: and the former, applied to an arrow, signifies also scanty in the feathers. (TA.) b2: Also Crooked in the shank, (S, O, K, TA,) dry, or tough, in the body: (TA:) pl. عُصْلٌ: (K:) and the sing., applied to a man, [simply,] dry, or tough, in the body; and so [the fem.] عَصْلَآءُ applied to a woman: (TA:) or this, thus applied, signifies having no flesh upon her, (K, TA,) and dry, or tough: (TA:) and [the pl.] عُصْلٌ is applied to camels as meaning lank in their bellies. (O.) b3: Also (K, TA, in the CK “ or ”) Keeping, or clinging, to a thing, and favourably inclined to it. (K, TA.) b4: And أَمْرٌ أَعْصَلُ (tropical:) An affair, or a case, that is hard, troublesome, or distressing. (TA.) مِعْصَلٌ One who is hard upon his debtor. (O, K.) مُعَصِّلٌ An arrow that twists when it is shot: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to 'Alee Ibn-Hamzeh, it is correctly مُعَضِّلٌ, with the pointed ض; from عَضَّلَتْ meaning “ the egg twisted, or became difficult [to be excluded], in her inside. ” (TA.) مِعْصَالٌ A stick, or staff, with a crooked, or bent, head, with which one reaches, or takes hold of, [or draws towards him,] the branches of a tree. (IDrd, O, K.) And The [kind of goff-stick called] صَوْلَجَان [q. v.]; as also ↓ مِعْصِيلٌ. (O, K.) مِعْصِيلٌ: see what next precedes.