سوف

1 سَافَ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb) and يَسَافُ, (M,) inf. n. سَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) and so ↓ ساوفهُ; (M, TA;) and ↓ استافهُ, (M, Msb, K, *) inf. n. اِسْتِيَافٌ; (S;) [and, accord. to Freytag, ↓ سوّفهُ; but he has not named his authority; if correct, probably having an intensive signification;] He smelled the thing. (S, M, Msb.) A poet says, (Msb,) namely, Ru-beh, (S, M,) أَخْلَاقَ الطُّرُقْ ↓ إِذَا الدَّلِيلُ اسْتَافَ [When the guide smells the natures of the roads to know whether he be pursuing the right course or deviating therefrom]. (S, M, Msb.) b2: [and hence, He hunted. (Freytag, from the Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen.)]

A2: سَوْفٌ is also Syn. with صَبْرٌ. (IAar, K.) You say, of a man, ساف عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. سَوْفٌ, He endured it with patience. (TK.) A3: سَافَ, (S, M, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, K) and يَسَافُ, (O, K,) inf. n. سَوْفٌ, (M,) said of a man, (M,) and of cattle, (مَال, M, O, K,) He, or they, perished, or died: (S, M, O, K:) or, said of cattle, they had a murrain occurring among them. (K.) A4: [سَافَ expl. by Freytag in this art., as though having for its aor. ـُ and meaning He smote a person with a sword, is a mistake, caused by a mistranscription (of سُفْتُهُ for سِفْتُهُ) in art. سيف in some copies of the K.]2 سوّفهُ, (S, M, K,) or سوّف بِهِ, (Msb,) inf. n. تَسْوِيفٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) He said to him time after time سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ [I will do such a thing]; (S, Msb, TA;) derived from the particle سَوْفَ: (IJ, M:) and hence, (Msb,) he delayed, or deferred, with him; or put him off with promises; syn. مَطَلَهُ; (S, * Msb, K, TA;) saying سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ; (TA;) or promising to be faithful to his engagement; (Msb;) mostly used in relation to a promise that is not to be fulfilled; as is said by Ibn-Abi1-Hadeed: (MF, TA:) and ↓ ساوفهُ signifies [the same, as is implied in the M, being syn. with]

مَاطِلَهُ: see an ex. in a verse cited voce سَوْفَ, last sentence. (TA.) التَّسْوِيفُ is [also expl. as] Syn. with التَّأْخِيرُ [app. as meaning the postponing, putting off, delaying, or deferring, anything]. (TA.) [And it is implied in art. عظب of the TA that it is Syn. with التَّمْرِينُ and التَّصْبِيرُ: so that you say, سوّفهُ عَلَيْهِ, meaning He inured, or accustomed, him to it; and made him to endure it with patience: see سَافَ عَلَيْهِ, above.] b2: You say also, سَوَّفْتُهُ أَمْرِى, meaning I made him (a man) to have the ordering and deciding of my affair, or case, (S, K,) to do what he would: (S:) and so سَوَّمْتُهُ. (TA.) A2: See also 1, first sentence.3 ساوفهُ: see 1: A2: and 2.

A3: Also i. q. سَارَّهُ [He spoke, or discoursed, secretly to him or with him; or acquainted him with a secret]. (K.) b2: And ساوف المَرْأَةَ i. q. ضَاجَعَهَا [He slept with the woman in, or on, one bed]. (K.) 4 اساف, (S, M, K,) inf. n. إِسَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, M,) His cattle perished, or died: (S, K:) or he had murrain occurring among his cattle: so in a verse of Tufeyl, cited voce اِسْتَرْخَى, in art. رخو. (M.) [Hence,] one says, أَسَافَ حتّّى

مَايَشْتَكِى السَّوَافَ, (AA, S, Meyd, K,) or السُّوَافَ, (As, Meyd,) [He had murrain among his cattle until he did not complain of the murrain:] a prov., (Meyd,) applied to him who has become accustomed to casualties; (S, K;) or to him who has become inured to calamities, (A'Obeyd, Meyd, A,) so that he is not impatient of the vicissitudes of fortune. (A'Obeyd, Meyd.) b2: اساف الوَالِدَانِ The two parents lost their child by his death: in which case, the child is said to be ↓ مُسَافٌ; and his father, ↓ مُسِيفٌ; and his mother, ↓ مِسْيَافٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) A2: اسافهُ اللّٰهُ God destroyed him, or took away his life. (M.) b2: اساف الخَرْزَ i. q. خَرَمَهُ [i. e. He spoiled the sewing of the skin, or hide; as when one uses a thick instrument for sewing or perforating, and a thin thong; or as when one rends two stitch-holes into one]. (M.) And اساف الخَارِزُ The sewer of a skin, or hide, perforated, or sewed, in such a manner that the two stitch-holes became rent [into one]. (A'Obeyd, K.) 8 إِسْتَوَفَ see 1, first and second sentences.

سَافٌ Any row, or course, (S, M, L, K, TA,) [i. e.] a single row, or course, (Mgh,) of bricks, (S, M, Mgh, L, K, TA,) or (so in the Mgh, but in the TA “ and ”) of clay, (Mgh, TA,) of a wall, (S, Mgh, K, TA,) or in a wall, (TA,) or in a building; (M, L, TA;) as also مِدْمَاكٌ: (TA:) pl. of pauc. آسُفٌ [formed by transposition, like آدُرٌ pl. of دَارٌ,] (L,) and سَافَاتٌ: (Mgh:) Lth explains السَّافُ as signifying what is between the سَافَات of the building: its ا is originally و. (TA.) [سَافَةٌ mentioned by Freytag as signifying “ a single series of stones in a wall,” on the authority of the K, I do not find there, nor in any other lexicon.]

A2: Also A certain bird, that preys. (M.) سَوْفَ, for which one also says سَفْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the medial radical letter, (M, Mughnee,) and سَوْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the final radical, (M, Mughnee,) and سَىْ, (M, Mughnee, K,) rejecting the final radical and changing the medial into ى for the purpose of alleviation [of the utterance], (M, Mughnee,) and accord. to the L سَا, (TA,) is a particle, (IJ, M, K,) denoting inception; (K;) or a word denoting تَنْفِيس, (Sb, S, M, K,) i. e. amplification, because it changes the aor. from the strait time, which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future; (Mughnee voce سَ [q. v.];) i. e., denoting تنفيس with respect to that which has not yet happened; (Sb, S, K;) and postponement; (M;) and is used in terrifying and threatening and promising; (IDrd, K;) or it is a word denoting promising or threatening: (Msb:) it is syn. with سَ accord. to some, or has a larger meaning than this latter accord. to others. (Mughnee.) You say, سَوْفَ

أَفْعَلُ [I will do such a thing]. (Sb, S.) And one may not introduce a separating word between it and its verb, [except in a case mentioned in what follows,] because it occupies the place of the س in سَيَفْعَلُ [&c.]. (Sb, S.) [But] it is distinct from سَ by its [sometimes] having ل prefixed to it; as in [the phrase in the Kur xciii. 5], وَلَسَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ رَبُّكَ فَتَرْضَى [And thy Lord will give thee, and thou wilt be well pleased]: (Mughnee:) in this phrase, [however,] the ل is [considered as] pre-fixed to the verb, not to the particle: (M:) or the phrase is elliptical, for لَأَنْتَ سَوْفَ يُعْطِيكَ. (Bd.) And it is distinct from سَ in this, that it is sometimes separated [from its verb] by a verb divested of government both as to the letter and the meaning; as in the saying, وَمَا أَدْرِى وَسَوْفَ إِخَالُ أَدْرِى

أَقَوْمٌ آلُ حِصْنٍ أَمْ نِسَآءُ [And I know not, but I shall, I think, know, whether the family of Hisn be a company of men or women]. (Mughnee.) b2: When you desire to make it a subst., [i. e. to use it as a subst.,] you make it to have tenween [when it is indeterminate]. (IDrd, K.) IDrd cites as an ex., إِنَّ سَوْفًا وَإِنَّ لَيْتًا عَنَآءٌ [Verily سَوْفَ and verily لَيْتَ are a weariness]: but one reading is إِنَّ لَوًّا; and another, إِنَّ لَيْتًا وإِنَّ لَوًّا; and there is no such reading as إِنَّ سَوْفًا. (O, TA.) One says also, فُلَانٌ يَقْتَاتُ السَّوْفَ [lit. Such a one feeds upon the word سَوْفَ]; meaning (tropical:) Such a one lives by means of things hoped for: (S, K, TA:) and in like manner, مَا قُوتُهُ إِلَّا السَّوْفُ [lit. His food is not anything but, or other than, the word سَوْفَ]. (A, TA.) b3: In the following verse of Ibn-Mukbil, cited by Sb, بِسَوْفٍ مِنْ تَحِيَّتِهَا ↓ لَوْ سَاوَفَتْنَا سَوْفَ العَيُوفِ لَرَاحَ الرَّكْبُ قَدْ قَنِعَا

[Had she put us off with a سَوْفَ as part of her greeting, with the putting off even of such as is affected with dislike, the riders had gone contented], سَوْفَ is put in the accus. case [for مُسَاوَفَةَ, i. e.] as an inf. n. with the augmentation [meaning the augmentative letters] rejected. (M.) سِيفَةٌ: see مَسَافَةٌ, in two places.

سَوَافٌ The [cucumber commonly called] قِثَّآء

[q. v.]: (M, K, TA:) so says AHn, (M, TA,) on the authority of Et-Toosee. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

سُوَافٌ and ↓ سَوَافٌ; with damm accord. to As, and so, he says, all the names of diseases, as نُحَازٌ and دُكَاعٌ and قُلَابٌ and خُمَالٌ [&c.]; accord. to AA, not so, but with fet-h, and in like manner said 'Omárah Ibn-'Akeel; (S;) or none relates it with fet-h except AA, and his relation is nought; (IB;) Disease of cattle, and death thereof: (S:) or each signifies death among mankind and cattle: (M:) or the latter, a mortality, or murrain, among camels; or so the former: or the latter, a mortality among mankind and cattle: (K:) and the former, disease of camels; (AHn, M, K;) and so the latter. (K.) One says, وَقَعَ فِى المَالِ سَوَافٌ [or سُوَافٌ] Death [or a murrain] happened among the cattle. (S.) مَسَافٌ The nose: because one smells (يُسَافُ, K, i. e. يُشَمُّ, TA) with it: (K:) so in the Moheet. (TA.) b2: See also مَسَافَةٌ, in two places.

مُسَافٌ A child taken from his parents by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) مُسِيفَ A man whose cattle have died. (TA.) b2: And A father having lost his child by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) مَسَافَةٌ [properly A place of smelling: b2: and hence,] (tropical:) Distance; (S, K, TA;) and ↓ مَسَافٌ and ↓ سِيفَةٌ signify the same in this sense [or in others here following]: (K:) [a space, or tract, or an extent, over which one journeys:] a far-extending tract that one traverses: originally a place of smelling of the guides, in order that they may know whether it be far or near, out of the way or in the right way: (A, TA:) or a [desert, or such as is termed] مَفَازَة: (M:) said to be from سَافَ الشَّىْءَ meaning “ he smelled the thing; ” for the guide smells the dust of the place wherein he is; and if he smell the odour of urine and dung of camels, he knows that he [or some other] has traversed it; but otherwise, not: (Msb:) or because the guide, when he is in a desert, (S, M, K,) and has lost his way therein, (M,) smells its dust, (S, M, K,) in order that he may know, (S, K,) or and thus knows, (M,) whether he be in the right way, (S, M, K,) or not: (S, K:) then, by reason of frequency of usage of this word [as meaning “ a place of smelling of the guides ”] it became a term for “ distance: ” (S, K:) pl. مَسَاوِفُ (A, TA) and مَسَافَاتٌ. (Msb.) One says, كَمْ مَسَافَةُ هٰذِهِ الأَرْضِ and ↓ مَسَافُهَا and ↓ سِيفَتُهَا (tropical:) [How long is the distance, or how much is the extent, of this land?]. (TA.) And بَيْنَهُمْ مَسَافَةٌ بَعِيدَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Between them is a far-extending distance or space]. (Msb.) And بَيْنَنَا مَسَافَةُ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا (tropical:) [Between us is the distance, or space, of twenty days]. (TA.) b3: In the following saying of Dhu-rRummeh, it is doubly tropical: وَأَبْعَدُهُمْ مَسَافَةَ غَوْرِ عَقْلٍ

إِذَا مَا الأَمْرُ ذُو الشُّبُهَاتِ عَالَا (tropical:) (tropical:) [And the furthest of them in the extent of the depth of intelligence when the affair, or case, in which are dubiousnesses overcomes and is onerous]. (A, TA.) مُسَوِّفٌ One who does what he will, [as though he said time after time سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ,] whom no one will make to turn back. (K.) b2: And, with ة, A woman who will not comply with the desire of her husband when he calls her to his bed, and strives with him to repel him in respect of that which he desires of her, and says سَوْفَ أَفْعَلُ: such is said, in a trad., to be cursed. (TA.) b3: Also, with ة, A well (رَكِيَّةٌ) of which one says, Water will be found (سَوْفَ يُوجَدُ) in it: or of which the water is smelt (يُسَافُ), and disliked, and loathed. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, K.) b4: And, without ة, Very patient or enduring. (TA.) مُسْتَافٌ A place of smelling, or that is smelt. (O, K.) مِسْيَافٌ A mother having lost her child by death: see 4. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) إِنَّهَا لَمُسَاوِفَةٌ لِلسَّيْرِ [app. referring to a she-camel] Verily she is one that has ability for journeying. (M.)

شخص

1 شَخَصَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. شُخُوصٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He, or it, rose; or became raised, or elevated. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: [Hence,] It (a star) rose. (K.) And شَخَصَ لَهُ شَخْصٌ [A figure seen from a distance rose to his view]. (TA in art. زول.) b3: شَخَصَ بَصَرُهُ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, [in some copies of the K, بَصَرَهُ, but this occurs afterwards in that work,]) is said when a man opens his eyes and then does not move his eyelids; [and signifies (tropical:) His eyes, or lit., his eye, became fixedly open:] (S, K: *) or it signifies his eye became raised: (Msb:) or his sight became stretched and raised. (Mgh.) [See the Kur xiv. 43, and xxi. 97.] You say, شَخَصَ

إِلَيْكَ بَصَرِى (tropical:) [My eye, or eyes, became fixedly open, or raised, or my sight became stretched and raised, towards thee]. (A.) And شَخَصَ بَصَرُ المَيِّتِ, (A,) inf. n. as above, (IAth,) (tropical:) [The eye, or eyes, of the dying man became fixedly open: or] the eyelids of the dying man became raised upwards, and he looked intently, and became disquieted, or disturbed. (IAth.) b4: سَخَصَتِ الكَلِمَةُ مِنَ الفَمِ (assumed tropical:) The word, or sentence, rose [from the mouth] towards the palate: this is sometimes natural: i. e., one's raising his voice, and not being able to lower it. (K.) b5: شَخَصَ السَّهْمُ (inf. n. as above, Msb,) (tropical:) The arrow rose [so as to deviate] from the butt, or object of aim: (K:) or the arrow passed beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it: (A, Msb:) or rose in the sky. (ISh.) b6: شَخَصَ (aor. as above, Msb, and so the inf. n., S, Msb,) also signifies He went, or went away, from one town or country to another: (S, A, K:) or he went forth from one place to another, (Msb,) or from his place of alighting or abiding: (TA:) or [so accord. to the TA, but in the K “ and ”] he journeyed upwards. (K, TA.) You say also, شَخَصَ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ He went forth from his people: and شَخَصَ إِلَيْهِمْ he returned to them. (TA.) b7: Also, (M, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (M,) It (a thing) rose; or swelled; or became swollen: (M:) it (a wound) rose, and became swollen: (M, K:) [it was, or became, protuberant, or prominent.]

A2: شَخَصَ بَصَرَهُ, (Msb, K, TA,) or شَخَصَ بِبَصَرِهِ, (Mgh,) or both, (TA, [in which it is said to be tropical,]) and شَخَصَ بِبَصَرِهِ إِلَى

السَّمَآءِ, (Msb,) or شَخَصَ [alone], (so in a copy of the A, [in which it is mentioned among proper expressions,]) (assumed tropical:) He raised his eye, or sight, (K, TA,) towards the sky, and did not move his eyelids; said of a dying man: (TA:) or he stretched and raised his sight: (Mgh:) or he opened his eyes, (A, Msb,) and did not move his eyelids, (A,) or [looking fixedly,] not moving his eyelids. (Msb.) b2: يَشْخَصُ بِصَوْتِهِ فَلَا يَقْدِرُ عَلَى

خَفْضِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He raises his voice, and is not able to lower it]. (K.) b3: شُخِصَ بِهِ, (S, K,) coordinate to عُنِىَ, (K,) or شُخِصَ [alone], (so in a copy of the A,) or شَخِصَ بِهِ أَمْرٌ, coordinate to تَعِبَ, inf. n. شَخَصٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) [He was disquieted by a thing that happened to him: or] a thing that disquieted him happened to him: (S, A, K:) or a thing happened to him and disquieted him: (Msb:) as though he were raised from the ground by reason of his disquietude. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A3: شَخُصَ, aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. شَخَاصَةٌ, or this is a simple subst., [for] ISd says, I have not heard a verb of which it may be the inf. n., (TA,) [if used, signifying] He (a man, S) was, or became, big, bulky, or corpulent. (S, K.) 2 شخّص الشَّىْءَ, (A,) inf. n. تَشْخِيصٌ. (TA,) (tropical:) He individuated the thing; syn. عَيَّنَهُ. (A, TA.) [From شَخْصٌ, q. v.]4 اشخصهُ [He made him, or it, to rise, or become raised or elevated]. You say, اشخص نَفْسَهُ [He raised himself; or drew, or stretched, himself up]. (S and K in art. علب.) b2: اشخص بِسَهْمِهِ (tropical:) He made his arrow to pass beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it. (A.) b3: And اشخصهُ He made him to go, or go away, from one town or country to another: (S:) or to go forth from one place to another: (A, * Msb:) or to go, or journey: (A in art. سير:) or to journey upwards. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) He disquieted him, (K, TA,) so that he went away from a place. (TA.) [See also 1.]

A2: اشخص (tropical:) His (an archer's) arrow passed beyond the butt, or object of aim, (S, A, Msb, K,) going above it. (S, A, Msb.) A3: The time of his journeying, going away, or departing, came, or arrived. (S, K, TA.) A4: اشخص إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He showed him a sour, a crabbed, or an austere, face, or countenance; looked at him in a sour, a crabbed, or an austere, manner; (A, TA;) or so اشخص لَهُ, (TA in art. شخس,) فِى المَنْطِقِ in speech; as also اشخس. (Aboo Sa'eed, O and TA in art. شخس.) b2: اشخص بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) He spoke evil of such a one behind his back, or in his absence, or otherwise, with truth, or though it might be with truth; syn. اِغْتَابَهُ; (Yaakoob on the authority of AO, S, A, K;) as also اشخس. (AO, Yaakoob, S.) 5 تشخّص [quasi-pass. of 2; (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, individuated; it, or he, had, or assumed, the quality of individuality or personality; syn. تَعَيَّنَ].

شَخْصٌ The body, or bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance, (سَوَاد,) of a man, (S, A, Msb, K,) or some other object or thing, (S, A, K,) which one sees from a distance: (S, A, Msb, K:) applying in common to what is termed جُثَّةٌ and what is termed طَلَلٌ, in relation to a man; i. e., in relation to a man sitting or sleeping [or lying down], and in relation to a man standing erect: (Msb, voce جُثَّةٌ:) or it is applied only to a body, or material substance, composed, [not simple,] and having height: (El-Khattábee, Msb, TA:) or any body, or material thing or substance, [that is somewhat high, and conspicuous, or] having height and appearance: (IAth, TA:) pl. (of pauc., S) أَشْخُصٌ (S, K) and (of mult., S) أَشْخَاصٌ [which is properly another pl. of pauc.] and شُخُوصٌ (S, A, K) and شِخَاصٌ. (TA.) b2: Then used as signifying (assumed tropical:) A man himself; a man's self, or person; his ذَات; (Msb;) [i. e.,] a person; a being; an individual; syn. نَفْسٌ [also syn. with ذَاتٌ]; (L, TA;) as in the following verse of 'Amr Ibn-Rabee'ah, cited by Sb: فَكَانَ مِجَنِّى دُونَ مَنْ كُنْتُ أَتَّقِى

ثَلَاثُ شُخُوصٍ كَاعِبَانِ وَمُعْصِرُ (assumed tropical:) [And three persons, namely, two girls whose breasts were beginning to swell and one who had attained the age of puberty, were my shield against such as I was fearing]: meaning ثَلَاثَةُ

أَنْفُسٍ: (L:) [the poet making the word in question fem. because it relates here to females: but] Rubeh is related to have said ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women. (M, voce نَفْسٌ.) A شَخْص [meaning a person] ceases to be a شخص by its being divided; whereas, when a جِسْم is divided, no part of it ceases to be a جسم. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. جسم.) It is said in a trad., لَا شَخْصَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) [There is not any being more jealous than God]; شخص being here metaphorically used for ذَات: or the meaning is, a person (شخص) should not be more jealous than God: but accord. to one relation, the words are لَا شَىْءَ أَغْيَرُ مِنَ اللّٰهِ [which has the first of the two meanings mentioned above]. (IAth, TA.) [It is also used in a pl. sense: see a verse of Ziyád el-Aajam in art. الى.]

شَخِيصٌ Big, bulky, or corpulent: (S, K, TA:) or great in شَخْص [or person] and make: (TA:) applied to a man: (S:) fem. with ة; (S, A, K;) applied to a woman. (S, A.) b2: A lord, master, chief, man of rank or quality, or a personage. (Az, K.) b3: مَنْطِقٌ شَخِيصٌ (tropical:) Sour, crabbed, or austere, speech. (Ibn-'Abbád, A, K. [See also شَخِيسٌ.]) شَخَاصَةٌ Bigness, bulkiness, or corpulence: or greatness of شَخْص [or person] and make. (TA.) [Said to be a subst.: but see شَخُصَ.]

شَاخِصٌ [part. n. of the intrans. verb شَخَصَ]. [Hence,] بَصَرٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [An eye fixedly open: or raised: or sight stretched and raised: see 1]: you say, سَمِعْتُ بِقُدُومِكَ فَقَلْبِى بَيْنَ جَنَاحَىَّ رَاقِصٌ وَبَصَرِى تَحْتَ حِجَاجِى شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) [I have heard of thy coming, and my heart is throbbing between my two sides, and my eye beneath my bone of the eyebrow fixedly open, &c.]. (A, TA.) With the pl., أَبْصَارٌ, you say شَاخِصَةٌ, (A, Msb, TA,) and شَوَاخِصُ, (A, TA,) or شُخُوصٌ [like شُهُودٌ as pl. of شَاهِدٌ; if not an inf. n., as which it may be applied, in the place of an epithet, to a pl. subst.]. (Msb.) b2: سَهْمٌ شَاخِصٌ (tropical:) An arrow passing beyond the butt, or object of aim, going above it. (S, A.) You say, رُمِىَ بِالشَّاخِصَاتِ (tropical:) [He was shot at with arrows which passed beyond him, going above him: perhaps doubly tropical, meaning he was assailed with invectives which did not harm him]. (A.) b3: شَاخِصٌ also signifies A man prosecuting war [during three or more days together,] not on alternate days: and of such it is said in a trad., that he may shorten prayer. (TA.) A2: شَاخِصٌ as the act. part. n. of the trans. verb, [for شَاخِصٌ بَصَرَهُ,] (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) [A man raising his eye, or sight, and looking fixedly; as does a dying man: or stretching and raising his sight: (see 1:) or] a man opening his eyes and not moving his eyelids. (S, * Msb.) مَشْخَصٌ, as though signifying The place of a شَخْص used in the sense of صُورَةِ: accord. to modern usage sing. of] مَشَاخِصُ deenárs [or pieces of gold] figured [or stamped with effigies]. (TA.) مُشَخَّصٌ (tropical:) A thing individuated. (A, TA.) مُتَشَاخِصٌ Discordant; (A'Obeyd, K;) applied to language, or speech; (A'Obeyd, TA;) and to a thing, or an affair; (TA;) and مُتَشَاخِسٌ signifies the same. (A'Obeyd, TA.)

شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

تقن

2 تَقَّنُوا أَرْضَهُمْ, (JK, K,) inf. n. تَتْقِينَ, (K,) They watered their land with thick, or muddy, water, [or water containing تِقْن,] (JK, * K,) in order that it might become good. (K.) 4 اتقنهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِتْقَانٌ, (JK, S,) i. q. أَحْكَمَهُ [He made it, or rendered it, (namely, a thing, JK, or an affair, S and K,) firm, stable, strong, solid, compact, sound, or free from defect or imperfection, by the exercise of skill; he made it firmly, strongly, solidly, compactly, so that it was firmly and closely joined or knit together, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well; he so constructed, constituted, established, settled, arranged, did, performed, or executed, it; he put it into a firm, solid, sound, or good, state, or on a firm, solid, sound, or good, footing]. (JK, S, K.) [And اتقن لَهُ signifies the same as اتقنهُ: or he exercised, or possessed, the skill requisite for it; namely, an affair.] الَّذِي أَتْقَنَ كُلَّ شَّىْءٍ, in the Kur xxvii. 90, means Who hath created everything firmly, strongly, solidly, &c., (أَحْكَمَ خَلْقَهُ,) and made it, fashioned it, or disposed it, in the fit, proper, or right, manner. (Bd.) [You say also, اتقن عِلْمَهُ, meaning He made his knowledge sound; or made himself thoroughly learned.] and اتقن عَنْهُ He knew it, or learned it, (namely, a tradition [&c.],) soundly, thoroughly, or well, from him. (TA in art. ذبر.) تِقْنٌ The رُسَابَة of water, (JK, Mgh, K,) in a rivulet or in the channel of a torrent, (K,) in the [season called] رَبِيع; (Lth, JK, Mgh;) i. e., (Mgh,) [its sediment, or] the thick matter that is borne by it [and that sinks to the bottom; used for improving land]: (Lth, JK, Mgh:) and (K) the تُرْنُوق of a well (Mgh, K) and of the channel of a torrent; i. e., the slime, mixed with black, or black and fetid, mud; accord. to the Jámi' of El-Ghooree. (Mgh.) b2: A thing by means of which one subsists, and makes good, or improves, the performance, or execution, or management, of an affair; as iron, and other things, of the جَوَاهِر [i. e. precious stones, or native ores,] of the earth: and anything by means of which a thing is made good, or improved, is called its تِقْن. (TA.) b3: A skilful man: (JK, S, K:) pl. أَتْقَانٌ. (TA.) b4: [Hence, probably,] تِقْنٌ [or اِبْنُ تِقْنٍ] is also the name [or surname] of a certain man proverbial for his excellence in shooting. (S, K. [In the latter it is implied that this name or surname is التِّقْنُ.]) The rájiz says, يَرَمِى بِهَا أَرْمَى مِنِ ابْنِ تِقْنِ [One more skilled in shooting than Ibn-Tikn shoots it]. (S.) b5: Nature, or natural disposition. (JK, S, K.) You say, الفَصَاحَةُ مِنْ تِقْنِهِ Chasteness of speech, or eloquence, is [a quality] of his nature. (S.)

ثمد

1 ثَمَدَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ثَمْدٌ, He took forth, or dug out, from it (i. e. a ثَمَد q. v. infrà) the earth, in order that the water might come forth; (M, L;) as also ↓ اثمدهُ, (so in the TA, and in the TT from the M,) or ↓ اِثَّمَدَهُ, (accord. to the L,) and ↓ استثمدهُ. (M, L.) b2: Also, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He took it (اتّخذهُ) as a ثَمَد; and so ↓ اثمدهُ and ↓ استثمدهُ. (K, TA. [But see 8 below.]) b3: [Hence, (tropical:) He begged of him until he exhausted him of what he possessed. (A meaning indicated, but not expressed, in the A.)] b4: And ثَمَدْتُ النَّاقَةَ بِالحَلْبِ (tropical:) I exhausted the she-camel by milking. (A.) b5: And ثَمَدَتْهُ النِّسَآءُ (tropical:) Women exhausted him of his seminal fluid. (T, S, M, A, K. In the CK ثَمَّدَتْهُ.) A2: (tropical:) He gave him a gift. (A.) A3: ثَمَدَ, (K,) inf. n. ثَمْدٌ, (TA,) He (a man, TA) was, or became, fat; as also ↓ اِثْمَادَّ (K) and ↓ اِثْمَأَدَّ. (ISh, TA.) 4 أَثْمَدَ see 1, in two places.

A2: اثمد عَيْنَهُ He applied إِثْمِد as a collyrium to his eye. (A, TA.) 8 اثتمد and اِثَّمَدَ He (a man, S) came to a ثَمَد [q. v.] to drink. (S, K.) b2: اثتمد ثَمَدًا He made, or prepared, (اتّخذ,) a ثَمَد. (ISk, L.) See also 1.10 استثمدهُ: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) He sought of him a gift, (A,) or a benefit, a favour, or an act of kindness. (K.) 11 اثمادّ: see 1.

Q. Q. 4 اِثْمَأَدَّ: see 1.

ثَمْدٌ: see what next follows.

ثَمَدٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and ↓ ثَمْدٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ ثِمَادٌ, (M, K,) or the last is a pl. of one of the two preceding words, (MF,) Water that is little in quantity, (Lth, T, S, M, K,) that has no continual increase: (S, M, A, K:) or a little water remaining in a tract of hard, or hard and level, ground: or what appears in winter and goes away in summer (الصَّيْف): (M, K:) or a small round hollow or cavity (قَلْت) in which the rainwater collects and from which men drink during two months of the spring-season (الصَّيْف), but which fails when the summer (القَيْظ) comes: (IAar, T:) and rain-water that remains retained beneath the sand, and, when this is removed, is yielded by the ground: (A:) pl. ثِمَادٌ (T, A) and أَثْمَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.]: (so in the L:) some say that ثِمَادٌ signifies holes dug or excavated, in which is a little water; and hence A'Obeyd says, سُجِرَتِ الثِّمَادُ, meaning that the holes &c. were filled by the rain; but he does not explain it: (M:) or ثِمَادٌ signifies wells dug around a place which has been prepared to receive the water of the rain, where there is continually rain-water, this place having water-courses, and the said wells being filled therefrom: men drink the water that lies open to view until it becomes dried up by the effect of the hot winds of summer; the wells remaining. (Aboo-Málik, T.) ثِمَادٌ: see ثَمَدٌ.

ثَامِدٌ A lamb or kid or calf that has begun to eat. (S.) إِثْمِدٌ [An ore of antimony: or antimony itself; stibium; or stimmi:] collyrium-stone (حَجَرُ الكُحْلِ), (K, TA,) which is black inclining to red, the mines whereof are in Ispahán, whence the best is obtained, and in the West, whence the hardest is obtained: (TA:) a certain stone used as a collyrium: (S:) a certain stone from which collyrium (كُحْل) is prepared: or collyrium (كُحْل) itself: (M:) or a substance resembling it: (Seer, M:) or a species thereof: (Lth, T:) or black كُحْل, the mine whereof is in the East: said by some of the lawyers to be that of Ispahán: and said to be an arabicized word. (Msb.) The women of the Arabs used also to sprinkle [or rub] it upon the lips and gums, in order that the teeth might glisten the more. (EM p. 62.) [And for the same purpose, many of them tattoo their lips, so as to make them of a uniform dull bluish hue.] b2: One says of a man who remains awake at night, journeying or working, فُلَانٌ يَجْعَلُ اللَّيْلَ إِثْمِدًا [Such a one makes the night a collyrium]; the blackness of the night being as though it were a collyrium to his eyes because he labours all the night in seeking the means of attaining to eminence. (AA, T, L.) مَثْمُودٌ A water exhausted by the crowding of men to it, (S, M, K,) except the smaller portion of it. (S, K.) b2: And [hence,] (tropical:) A man exhausted of what he possessed, (T, S, M, A, K,) by his giving when asked, (M, K,) or in consequence of much begging. (T, S, M, A.) b3: And (tropical:) A man exhausted of his seminal fluid by women. (S, A, K.)

وقع

1 وَقَعَ الأَمْرُ The thing, or affair, [fell, befell,] happened; took place; came to pass; became [executed, performed, or] realized; syn. حَصَلَ. (TA.) b2: وَقَعَ فِى He lighted, or came, upon a thing or place; and he became in a place. b3: وَقَعُوا فِى السُّنَيَّاتِ البِيضِ [They lapsed into the years of scantiness of herbage]. (K in art. سنه, q. v.) b4: وَقَعَ إِلَيْهِ It chanced, or happened, to come to him, or it: and, said of a thing borne by water, it drifted to it, namely, a place. b5: وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ It fell, lay, or closed, upon it, or against it. b6: وَقَعَ بِالأَمْرِ He originated the thing, or event, and made it to befall. (TA.) b7: وَقَعَ He fell into a snare, or the like: he became insnared. b8: وَقَعَ فِى أَرْضٍ فَلَاةٍ

i. q.

صَارَ فِيهَا [He was, or became, meaning he found himself, came to be, or chanced to be, in a desert, or waterless, land]; (Msb:) and فِى رَوْضَةٍ [in a meadow, or garden]: (T, S, in art. انق:) [or he lighted upon, &c.; from the lighting of a bird]. b9: يَقَعُ followed by عَلَى, often signifies It (a garment, &c., or a portion thereof,) lies against or upon a certain part of the body, &c. b10: وَقَعَ بِهِمْ and بِهِمْ ↓ أَوْقَعَ He made much slaughter among them: (Msb:) or he fought them vehemently: (K:) or he fell upon them in fight: (PS:) both mean the same: (S:) he made an onslaught upon them: اوقع بِالعَدُوِّ

he made an assault, or a sudden assault, upon the enemy. (MA.) b11: وَقَعَ فِيهِ, inf. n. وَقِيعَةٌ, He spoke evil of him, behind his back, or in his absence, or otherwise, saying of him what would grieve him if he heard it; (S;) slandered him. b12: He reviled, vilified, or vituperated, him; charged him with a vice, fault, or the like; defamed him; or detracted from his reputation. (Msb.) b13: وَقَعَ مَوْقِعًا مِنْ كِفَايَتِهِ, [and مِنْ حَاجَتِهِ, (see K, art. فقر,)] It supplied, or sufficed for, his need; syn. أَغْنَى غَنَآءً. (Msb.) وَقَعَ مَوْقِعًا signifies It stood in stead, or in some stead: see فَقِيرٌ, in the K; and see Bd, and Jel, ix. 60: and مَوْقِعًا عَظِيمًا, in great stead. b14: لَمْ يَقَعْ مِنْهُ مَوْقِعًا [It did not stand with him in any stead]. (S, K, voce تَسَخَّطَ, end of art. سخط.) [You say]

وَقَعَ مِنْهُ الأَمْرُ مَوْقِعًا حَسَنًا أَوْسَيِّئًا The thing stood with him [in good stead, or (if the expression be allowable) in evil stead]; syn. تَبَتَ لَدَيْهِ. (TA.) b15: وَقَعَ مَوْقِعًا مِنَ الحَاجَةِ [It supplied, or sufficed for, what was needed]. (Bd, ix. 60.) b16: وَقَعْتُ بِقُرِّكَ, and بِقُحَاحِ قُرِّكَ: see قُحَاحٌ. b17: يَقَعُ عَلَى كَذَا It (a word) applies to such a thing.2 وَقَّعَ فِى الكِتَابِ

, (MA, TA,) inf. n. تَوْقِيعٌ, (KL, TA,) [as commonly used in the present day,] He signed the writing [for the purpose of giving effect to it, either beneath, or by endorsing it]: (MA, KL:) [but as generally used in earlier, though post-classical, times,] he annexed to the writing, after it had been finished, for the Sultán or the administrator of affairs, to whom it had been submitted, something [for the purpose of giving effect thereto]; as, for instance, when a complaint is submitted to the Sultán or to the administrator, and one writes beneath the writing or on the back thereof, “Let the affair, or case, of this person be looked into, and let his right, or due, be fully exacted for this person: ” or, accord. to Az, he wrote, upon the writing, a concise abstract, omitting redundances, of the objects of want [petitioned for therein]: from تَوْقِيعُ الدَّبَرِ ظَهْرَ البَعِيرِ [“ the gall's, or sore's, marking the back of the camel ”]; as though the مُوَقِّع upon the writing marked, upon the case respecting which the writing was written, that which confirmed it, and rendered its execution obligatory: (TA:) تَوْقِيعٌ also signifies such a writing itself (مَا يُوَقَّعُ فِى كِتَابٍِ; S, K, TA;) and its pl. is تَوْقِيعَاتٌ: (TA:) it is said to be an Islámic term; not old Arabic. (TA.) [Also He made an entry of a note or postil or the like, or entries of notes, &c., in the writing, or book: see an ex. voce ضِعْف. b2: وقّع بِهِ He blamed him; reproved him angrily, or severely. (TA.) b3: See 4.3 وَاقَعَ الأَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) He threw himself [or plunged] into the affair: he fell into the affair: he fell into the affair, subjecting himself to difficulty. (MA.) And (assumed tropical:) He fell to the thing; such as eating, and drinking, and the like: see 3 in art. فتك, for an instance of this, as well as a similar, meaning. b2: وَاقَعَ الأُمُورَ, inf. n. مُوَاقَعَةٌ and وِقَاعٌ, app., He was near to doing, or experiencing, the affairs, or events; syn. دَانَاهَا. (TA.) b3: وَاقَعَ شَيْئًا also means He experienced the occurrence of a thing; he met with a thing; i. e., something occurred. b4: وَاقَعَ شَيْئًا same as وَقَعَ فى شىءٍ He fell into a thing. (Kur, xviii. 51, and Expos. of the Jeláleyn.) b5: وَاقَعَهَا He compressed her. (MA.) b6: وَاقَعَ بِهِمْ [He engaged with them in fight, or conflict]. (S.) 4 أَوْقَعَ الأَمْرَ

, inf. n. إِيقَاعٌ, (with which ↓ تَوْقِيعٌ is syn., as is shown in the TA,) He made the thing, or affair, to happen, to take place, to come to pass, or to become executed or performed or realized. b2: أَوْقَعَهُ He caused him to fall into a snare, or the like; he ensnared him. b3: أَوْقَعَ بِهِمْ: see 1. b4: أَوْقَعَ فِيهِمْ شَرًّا He caused evil to befall them; occasioned them evil. b5: أَوْقَعَ بِهِ [He punished him]. (A, art. عذر.) b6: See 1. b7: أَوْقَعَ فِى قَلْبِهِ He put into his heart, or mind. b8: أَوْقَعَ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, (L, art. أرش,) or أَوْقَعَ بَيْنَهُمُ الشَّرَّ (TA, in that art.) i. q. أَرَّشَ. (L, TA, in that art.) b9: أَوْقَعَ He made a verb transitive.5 تَوَقَّعَهُ and ↓ اِسْتَوْقَعَهُ He expected it; looked for its coming to pass, or being. (S, K.) 10 إِسْتَوْقَعَ see 5.

وَقِعٌ

: see 8, in art. حذو.

وَقْعَةٌ An onslaught; a shock in battle: (S:) or such as is repeatedly made. (K.) وَقِيعَةٌ The wisp of wool, &c., with which one tars a mangy camel: see رِبْذَةٌ.

وَقَّاعٌ فِى الشَّرِّ [app., One who is wont to make others fall into evil, or mischief]. (K, voce مُنْدَاصٌ, q. v., in art. ديص.) وَاقِعٌ Actually occurring. b2: An event; a fact; a case. b3: فِى الْوَاقِعِ In fact; in reality.

إِيْقَاعٌ

, in music, A cadence.

مَوْقِعُ إِثْمٍ

An occasion (lit., a place) of falling into sin. b2: [وَقَعَ مَوْقِعًا: see وَقَعَ, in three places: lit., It fell in a place of falling, or where it should fall: sometimes app. meaning it had an effect.] b3: It is said of a half of a date given as alms, لَا يَتَبَيَّنُ لَهُ مَوْقِعٌ عَلَى الجَائِعِ كَمَا لَا يَتَبَيَّنُ عَلَى الشَّبْعَانِ إِذَا أَكَلَهُ [app., There appears not, of it, any effect upon the hungry, &c.]. (O, in art. وقع, in explanation of a trad. mentioned there and in the Msb.) See وَقَعَ مَوَاقِعَهُ, voce عَلِقَ.

مُوقِعٌ An efficient.

مُوَقَّعٌ Tried, experienced: see مُوَقَّحٌ.

زفن

1 زَفَنَهُ, (TA, and Har p. 124,) aor. ـِ (TA,) inf. n. زَفْنٌ, (TA, Har,) in its primary acceptation, He pushed, or thrust, or he pushed, or thrust, away, (TA, Har,) vehemently: and he struck [or kicked] with the leg, or hind leg. (Har.) Yousay, دَنَوْتُ مِنْهُ فَزَفَنَنِى I approached him, and he pushed me, or thrust me, from him. (TA.) and هُوَ يَزْفِنُ المَطِىَّ He drives, or urges on, the saddlecamel. (TA.) And الرِّيحُ تَزْفِنُ السَّحَابَ and التُّرَابَ [The wind drives along the clouds and the dust]. (TA.) And الأَمْوَاجُ تَزْفِنُ السَّفِينَةَ [The waves drive along the ship]. (TA.) And المُحْتَضَرُ يَزْفِنُ بِنَفْسِهِ, i. e. [He who is at the point of death] urges on his soul. (TA.) A2: And زَفَنَ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, in the CK زَفُنَ,) inf. n. زَفْنٌ (S, Mgh, Msb) and زَفَنَانٌ, (TA,) He danced; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) and played, or sported. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Fátimeh, كَانَتْ تَزْفِنُ لِلْحَسَنِ She used to dance to El-Hasan. (TA.) زَفْنٌ: see what next follows.

زِفْنٌ A covering which they make over their flat house-tops to protect them from the heat and dew of the sea; (K;) of the dial. of 'Omán; and ↓ زَفْنٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) b2: and Straight and slender palm-branches stripped of their leaves [and cut to certain required lengths], conjoined, one to another, [side by side, by means of split pieces of such branches passing through holes punched in the former,] like the woven mat: (K:) [of such are made chests for cooking utensils and provisions &c.:] of the dial. of Azd. (TA.) زَفُونٌ, applied to a she-camel, i. q. زَبُونٌ [That pushes, or thrusts, or that pushes, or thrusts, away, or that kicks, or strikes, and pushes, &c., her milker with her hind leg, or with her stiflejoint; or that is wont, or accustomed, to do so]: or lame; as also ↓ زَافِنَةٌ; (K;) as though she danced in her gait, in consequence of lameness. (TA.) زَفَّانٌ A dancer: [whence] one says, الصُّوفِيَّةُ زَفَّانَةٌ جَفَّانَةٌ The Soofees are dancers, providers of food with their جَفَنَات [or bowls, which many of them, leading a mendicant-life, as darweeshes, are in the habit of always carrying with them]. (TA.) زَافِنَةٌ: see زَفُونٌ. b2: Also A woman that suffices her man, or husband, in respect of the means of جِمَاع. (K.) زِيَفْنٌ (S, K) and زِيفَنٌّ (K) Tall; (K;) and strong; (S, K;) and some add, light, or active. (TA.) [In one copy of the S, I find it written زَيْفَن; which its measure in poetry shows to be wrong.]

زَيْزَفُونٌ, applied to a she-camel, Swift, (K,) and light, or active: IJ says that it is app. of the measure فَيْفَعُولٌ, from الزَّفْنُ [as meaning “ the act of dancing ”]; or it may be a quadriliteralradical word: IB says that دَيْدَبُونٌ [which see in art. ددن] is similar to it. (TA.) b2: Also, applied to a bow, That makes a sound, or sounds, in consequence of being put in motion: and in this sense it is said by IJ to be of the measure فَيْفَعُولٌ, from الزَّفْنُ. (TA.) رَجُلٌ فِيهِ إِزْفَنَّةٌ A man in whom is motion, or commotion: and رَجُلٌ إِزْفَنَّةٌ A man in a state of motion, or commotion: mentioned by Sb, and expl. by Seer. (TA.)

فنخ

1 فَنَخَ, aor. ـَ (L,) inf. n. فَنْخٌ, (L, K,) He bruised a bone without splitting, or cleaving, it, and without causing to bleed: (K:) or فَنَخَ رَأْسَهُ بِشَىْءٍ he bruised the bone of his head with a thing without making an apparent cleft or causing blood to flow: or he struck his head with a thing, meaning a staff, or stick, cleaving it or not cleaving it. (L.) And فَنَخَ رَأْسَهُ, and ↓ فنّخهُ, He broke his head, and rendered him submissive, or abased him. (L.) And فَنَخَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. فَنْخٌ and فُنُوخٌ, He weakened him, rendered him languid, or enervated him. (L.) And فَنَخَهُ, (S, L,) aor. ـَ (L,) inf. n. فَنْخٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ فنّخهُ, inf. n. تَــفْنِيــخٌ; (S, L, K;) and ↓ تفنّخهُ; (L;) He, or it, (an affair, or event, S,) overcame him, overpowered him, subdued him, and rendered him submissive, or abased him: (S, L, K:) or did so in the worst, or most abominable, manner. (L.) 2 فَنَّخَ see the preceding paragraph, in two places.5 تَفَنَّخَ see 1, last sentence.

فَنِيــخٌ A man overcome, overpowered, subdued, and rendered submissive, or abased: or overcome, &c., in the worst, or most abominable, manner. (L.) And An old man: (L:) [a man] flaccid, or flabby, and weak. (L, K.) مِفْنَخٌ A man who abases his enemies, and breaks their heads, much, or often. (S, K.) In explaining this word, J uses رَأْسَهُمْ for زُؤُوسَهُمْ; and the author of the K does the same, though in art. سلع he charges J with error for using a similar expression. (MF.) [Or, perhaps, the meaning here intended may be, and defeats their head, or chief.]

غَيْرُ مَفْنُوخٍ, occurring in a trad., applied to a [garment of the kind called] بُرْد, means Not old and worn out, nor weak. (TA.)

فرق

1 فَرَقَ بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, *) aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and in one dial. فَرِقَ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. فَرْغٌ and فُرْقَانٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter of which has a more intensive signification, (TA,) He made a separation, or a distinction, or difference, (Msb, K, TA,) between the two things, (K, * TA,) or between the parts of the two things: (Msb:) relating alike to objects of sight and to objects of mental perception: (TA:) IAar, by exs. that he mentions, makes it to relate particularly to objects of the mind, such as sayings; and ↓ فرّق, to persons, or material things: (Msb: [and it is stated in the Mgh that the same distinction is mentioned by Az:]) others, however, state that the two verbs are syn.; but that the latter has an intensive signification. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [v. 28], فَافْرُقْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقَوْمِ الفَاسِقِينَ [Therefore decide Thou, or make Thou a distinction, between us and the unrighteous people]: accord. to one reading, فَافْرِقْ. (Msb, TA.) فِيهَا يُفْرَقُ كُلُّ أَمْرٍ حَكِيمٍ, in the Kur [xliv. 3], means [Wherein] is made distinct [every firm decree]: (Lth, TA:) or is decided; (O, K, TA;) thus expl. by Katádeh. (O, TA.) And in the phrase وَقُرآنًا فَرَقْنَاهُ, (S, O, K, TA,) in the same [xvii. 107], (S, O, TA,) by فَرَقْنَاهُ is meant We have made it distinct, (S, O, K, TA,) and rendered it free from defect, (O, K, TA,) and explained the ordinances therein: (TA:) but some read ↓ فَرَّقْنَاهُ, meaning We have sent it down in sundry portions, in a number of days. (S, TA.) وَإِذْ فَرَقْنَا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ, (O, K, TA,) in the Kur [ii. 47], (O, TA,) means And when we clave because of you the sea; i. q. فَلَقْنَاهُ: (O, K, TA:) another reading, ↓ فَرَّقْنَا, meaning we divided into several portions, is mentioned by IJ; but this is unusual. (TA.) It is also said that الفَرْقُ is for rectification; and ↓ التَّفْرِيقُ, for vitiation: and IJ says that إِنَّ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا ↓ دِيْنَهُمْ CCC, in the Kur [vi. 160, and the like occurs in xxx. 31], means Verily those who have divided their religion into sundry parts, and dismembered it, and have disagreed respecting it among themselves: but that some read فَرَقُوا دِيْنَهُمْ, without teshdeed, meaning, have severed their religion from the other religions [app. by taking it in part, or parts, therefrom]; or this, he says, may mean the same as the former reading, for sometimes فَعَلَ has the same meaning as فَعَّلَ. (TA.) IJ also says that فَرَقَ لَهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ signifies He made the thing distinct, or plain, to him. (TA.) b2: فَرَقَ الشَّعْرَ بِالمُشْطِ, aor. ـُ and فَرِقَ, inf. n. فَرْقٌ, He separated his hair with the comb: and فَرَّقَ ↓ رَأْسَهُ بِالمُشْطِ , inf. n. تَفْرِيقٌ, He separated the hair of his head with the comb. (TA.) [and it is implied in a trad. cited in the O and TA that فَرَقَهُ signifies the same as the latter of the two phrases in the next preceding sentence.]

A2: فَرَقَ لَهُ الطَّرِيقُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. فُرُوقٌ, (K,) The road presented itself to him divided into two roads: (S, O, K, TA:) or [it means] an affair presented itself, or occurred, to him, and he knew the mode, or manner, thereof: (TA, as from the K: [but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K:]) and hence, in a trad. of I'Ab, فَرَقَ لِى رَأْىٌ An idea, or opinion, appeared [or occurred] to me: (TA:) [or] one says, فَرَقَ لِى هٰذَا الأَمْرُ, inf. n. فُرُوقٌ, This affair became, or has become, distinct, apparent, or manifest, to me: and hence the saying, فَإِنْ لَمْ يُفْرُقْ لِلْإِمَامِ رَأْىٌ [And if an idea, or an opinion, appear not, or occur not, to the Imám]. (Mgh.) b2: فَرَقَتْ said of a she-camel, and of a she-ass, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O,) inf. n. فُرُوقٌ, She, being taken with the pains of parturition, went away at random in the land. (S, O, K.) A3: فَرَقَ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) He voided dung; syn. ذَرَقَ [which is said of a bird, and sometimes of a man]. (O, K. [See also أَفْرَقَ.]) A4: And He possessed a فِرْق [q. v.] (O, K, TA) of sheep or goats: (O, TA:) accord. to the K, of date-stones with which to feed camels: but the former explanation is the right. (TA.) A5: فَرَقَهَا, (K,) inf. n. فَرْقٌ, (TA,) He fed her (i. e. a woman) with فَرِيقَة [q. v.]; as also ↓ افرقها, (K,) inf. n. إِفْرَاقٌ. (TA.) A6: فَفَرَقْتُهُ ↓ فَارَقَنِى, aor. ـُ [He vied with me in fear and] I exceeded him in fear. (Lh, L, TA.) b2: See also 2, last sentence.

A7: فَرِقَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. فَرَقٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He feared; or was, or became, in fear, afraid, or frightened. (S, O, Msb, K.) You say, فَرِقْتُ مِنْكَ [I feared thee, or was in fear of thee]: (S, O, Msb: *) but you should not say, فَرِقْتُكَ: (S, O:) Sb [however] mentions فَرِقَهُ, suppressing مِنْ. (TA.) And you say also, فَرِقَ عَلَيْهِ [He feared for him]. (TA.) A8: And فَرِقَ, aor. ـَ He entered into a wave, [which is termed فِرْقٌ,] and dived therein. (K.) A9: And the same verb accord. to the K, but accord. to Sgh [in the O] it seems, from the context to be فَرَقَ, (TA,) He drank (O, K) the measure called فَرَق, (O,) or with the فَرَق. (K, TA.) 2 فرّقهُ, inf. n. تَفْرِيقٌ and تَفْرِقَةٌ, (S, O, K,) He separated it [into several, or many, portions]; disunited it [i. e. a thing, or a collection of things]; or dispersed, or dissipated, it; or did so much [or greatly or widely]; syn. بَدَّدَهُ. (K.) And فرّق بَيْنَ الأَشْيَآءِ [He made, or caused, a separation &c., or much, or a wide, separation, &c., between the things]. (Mgh.) [And فِيهِمْ فرّقهُ and عَلَيْهِمْ He scattered, or distributed, it among them, and to them.] See 1, former half, in five places. It is said in a trad. of 'Omar, فَرِّقُوا عَنِ المَنِيَّةِ وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ, (Mgh, O, *) meaning Separate ye your cattle by way of preservation from death, [and make the one head two head,] by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh, O.) and it is said in a trad. respecting the poor-rate, لَا يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَ مُجْتَمِعٍ وَلَا يُجْمَعُ بَيْنَ مُفْتَرِقٍ There shall be no separating what is put together, nor shall there be a putting together what is separate. (TA. [The reason is, that by either of these acts, in the case of cattle, the amount of the poor-rate may be diminished.]) يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ [in the Kur ii. 96, meaning Whereby they might dissolve, break up, discompose, derange, disorganize, disorder, or unsettle, the state of union subsisting between the man and his wife, in respect of affairs and of the expression of opinion, or, briefly, whereby they might cause division and dissension between the man and his wife,] is from التَفْرِيقُ as meaning تَشْتِيتُ الشَّمْلِ وَالكَلِمَةِ. (El-Isbahánee, TA.) One says also, فرّق الأَمْرَ, meaning شَتَّتَهُ [i. e. He discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, the state of affairs]. (S in art. شت.) And فرّق عَلَيْنَا الكَلَامَ [lit. He scattered speech (app. meaning he jabbered) at us, or against us]. (K in art. بق: see R. Q. 1 in that art.) In the saying in the Kur [ii. 130 and iii.

78], لَا نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ [We will not make a distinction between any of them], the verb is allowably made to relate to احد because this word [in negative phrases] imports a pl. meaning. (TA. [See p. 27, 3rd col.]) See, again, 1, near the middle.

A2: فرّقهُ, (O, TA,) inf. n. تَفْرِيقٌ, (O, K, TA,) also signifies He made him to fear, or be afraid; put him in fear; or frightened him: (O, K, * TA:) and مِنْهُ ↓ أَفْرَقْتُهُ I made him to fear, or be afraid of, him, or it: (Msb:) and Lh mentions الصَبِىَّ ↓ فَرَقْتُ as meaning I frightened the boy, or child; but ISd says, I think it to be فَرَّقْتُ. (TA.) 3 فارقهُ, inf. n. مُفَارِقَةٌ and فِرَاقٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) He separated himself from him, or it; or left, forsook, or abandoned, him, or it: or he forsook, or abandoned, him, being forsaken, or abandoned, by him: syn. بَايَنَهُ; (TA;) and قَاطَعَهُ, and فَارَزَهُ; (A in art. فرز;) and تَرَكَهُ. (Msb in art. ترك.) And فارق امْرَأَتَهُ He separated himself from his wife. (TA.) b2: فَارَقْتُ فُلَانًا مِنْ حِسَابِى عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا I released such a one from my reckoning with him on such and such terms agreed upon by both: and so صَادَرْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا. (TA.) And فُورِقَ عَلَى مَالٍ يُؤَدِّيهِ He (an agent) was released from being reckoned with on the condition of his paying certain property for which he became responsible. (TA in art. صدر.) A2: فَارَقَنِى فَفَرَقْتُهُ: see 1, last quarter.4 افرقوا إِبِلَهُمْ They left their camels in the place of pasture, and did not assist them in bringing forth, nor have them got with young. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And افرق غَنَمَهُ He made, or caused, his sheep, or goats, to stray; and neglected them, or caused them to become lost, or to perish. (TA.) b3: And افرق He lost a portion of his sheep or goats. (IKh, TA.) b4: And His sheep, or goats, became a فَرِيقَة [q. v.]. (IKh, TA.) A2: افرق He recovered; (Lth, As, Az, S, O, K;) or recovered, but not completely; (As, O, K;) to which IKh adds, quickly; (TA;) i. e., a sick person from (مِنْ) his sickness; (As, Az, S, O, K;) and one fevered from his fever; (As, S;) and one smitten with the plague: (Lth, TA:) or (K) it is not said except in the case of a disease that does not attack one more than once, as the small-pox, (O, K,) and the measles. (O.) b2: افرقت She (a camel) had a return of some of her milk. (O, K.) A3: افرق said of a man, and of a bird, and of a beast of prey, and of a fox, He voided dung, or thin dung. (Lh, TA. [See also 1, last quarter.]) b2: And افرقهُ He, or it, caused him to void dung; syn. أَذْرَقَهُ. (K. [But I do not find اذرق mentioned except as an intrans. v.]) See also فِرْقَةٌ, last sentence.

A4: افرقها: see 1, last quarter.

A5: أَفْرَقْتُهُ مِنْهُ: see 2, last sentence.5 تفرّق, inf. n. تَفَرَّقٌ (O, K) and تِفِرَّاقٌ, (K, TA,) with two kesrehs, but accord. to the “ Nawádir ” of Lh تَفْرِيقٌ, (TA,) [and in the CK تَفْراق,] It was, or became, separated, or disunited: or separated much, or greatly, or widely, or into several, or many, portions; or dispersed, or dissipated: contr. of تَجَمَّعَ: and ↓ افترق signifies the same: (K, TA:) and so does ↓ انفرق: (TA:) all are quasi-pass. of فَرَّقْتُهُ: (S, * TA:) [or rather the second and third have the former of the meanings mentioned above: and تفرّق has the latter of those meanings:] or ↓ اِفْتَرَقَا is said of two sayings, as quasi-pass. of فَرَقْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا: and تَفَرَّقَا, of two men, as quasi-pass. of فَرَّقْتُ بَيْنَهَمَا: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) so says IAar: (Msb:) [but] one says also, افترق القَوْمُ [The party, or company of men, became separated; or they separated themselves:] (Msb:) and Esh-Sháfi'ee has used ↓ اِفْتَرَقَا as relating to two persons buying and selling; (Msb, TA;) and so have Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal] and Aboo-Haneefeh and Málik and others. (TA.) It is said in a trad., البَيَّعَانِ بِالخِيَارِ مَا يَتَفَرَّقَا i. e. [The buyer and seller have the option to annul their contract] as long as they have not become separated bodily; (Mgh, Msb;) originally, مَا لَمْ يَتَفَرَّقْ أَبْدَانُهُمَا; for this is the proper meaning. (Msb.) تَفَرَّقَتْ بِهِمُ الطُّرُقُ [properly The roads became separate with them,] means every one of them went one [separate] way. (TA.) [And one says, تفرّقت الأَغْصَانُ (S in art. شذب, &c.,) The branches were, or became, or grew out, apart, one from another; divaricated; diverged; forked; straggled; or spread widely and dispersedly. and تفرّق أَمْرُهُ His affair, or state of affairs, became discomposed, deranged, disorganized, disordered, or unsettled, so that he considered what might be its issues, or results, saying at one time, I will do thus, and at another time, I will do thus: see أَجْمَعَ; and شَتَّ: and ↓ افترق signifies the same: see an ex. voce فَشَا, in art. فشو. And تفرّقت كَلِمَتُهُمْ (K voce شَالَ, in art. شول,) Their expression of opinion was, or became, discordant: and تفرّقت آرَاؤُهُمْ Their opinions were, or became, so.]6 تفارقوا They separated themselves, one from another; or left, forsook, or abandoned, one another. (TA.) 7 انفرق, of which مُنْفَرَقٌ may be an inf. n. [like اِنْفِرَاقٌ], as well as a n. of place, It was, or became, separated, or divided. (O, K.) See also 5.

[Hence,] انفرق الفَجْرُ i. q. اِنْفَلَقَ [The dawn broke]. (TA.) 8 افترق: see 5, first sentence, in three places: and also in the last sentence but one.

فَرْقٌ [is originally an inf. n.: but is often used as a simple subst. meaning A distinction, or difference, between two things. b2: Hence,] The line [or division] in the hair of the head: (K: [see also مَفْرَقٌ:]) or, as some say, the part, of the head, extending from the side of the forehead to the spiral curl upon the crown: an ex. occurs in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb cited voce مَطْرَبٌ. (TA.) b3: [And app. A blaze on a horse's forehead. (See an ex. voce مُعْتَدِلٌ.)] b4: And [hence, perhaps,] one says, بَانَتْ فِى قَذَالِهِ فُرُوقٌ مِنَ الشَّيْبِ i. e. أَوْضَاحٌ [app. meaning There appeared in the back of his head portions of white, or hoary, hair, distinct from the rest]. (TA.) b5: One says also of the female comber and dresser of the hair, تَمْشُِطُ كَذَا وَكَذَا فَرْقًا i. e. [She combs and dresses the hair] with such and such a mode or manner [app. of combing and dressing or of dividing]. (L. [But the last word, which seems to be in this case an inf. n., is there written without any vowel-sign.]) A2: Also A certain bird or flying thing; (طَائِرٌ O, K;) not mentioned by AHát in “ the Book of Birds. ” (O, TA.) A3: And Flax. (K.) A4: See also فَرَقٌ, in nine places.

الفُرْقُ: see الفُرْقَانُ. b2: It also signifies A certain vessel with which one measures. (TA. [See also فَرَقٌ.]) b3: And [it is said that] الفُرْقَانِ signifies قدحان مفترقان [app. meaning Two separate bowls, or milking-vessels, supposing the former word to be قَدَحَانِ; the latter word being مُفْتَرِقَانِ]. (TA. [This is app. said in explanation of فُرْقَانِ ending a verse in which it means “ milkingvessels: ” but it is said in the S, and in one place in the TA, that it is in that instance pl. of فَرْقٌ or فَرَقٌ, q. v.]) فِرْقٌ A piece, or portion, that is split from a thing, or cleft therefrom; (S, O, K;) whence its usage in the Kur xxvi. 63: (S, O:) and a portion of anything (K, TA) when it is separated; and the pl. is فِرَقٌ: (TA:) or a portion that is separated, or dispersed, of a thing; and thus it is said to mean in the Kur ubi suprá; and the pl. is أَفْرَاقٌ, like أَحْمَالٌ as pl. of حِمْلٌ. (Msb.) See also فِرْقَةٌ. b2: Also A great flock or herd, of sheep or goats: (S, O, K:) and (as some say, TA) of the bovine kind: or of gazelles: or of sheep, or goats, only: or of straying sheep or goats; as also ↓ فَرِيقٌ, (K, TA,) and ↓ فَرِيقَةٌ: (TA:) or less than a hundred, (K, TA,) of sheep or goats. (TA.) فِرْقَانِ مِنْ طَيْرٍ صَوَافَّ, occurring in a trad., in which the second and third chapters of the Kur-án are likened thereto, (L,) means Two flocks [of birds expanding their wings without moving them in flight]. (L, TA: but the first word, in both, is without any vowel-sign.) See, again, فِرْقَةٌ. b3: And A set of boys. (O, K.) An Arab of the desert said of some boys whom he saw, هٰؤُلَآءِ فِرْقُ سَوْءٍ [These are a bad set of boys]. (O.) b4: And A distinct quantity of date-stones with which the camel is fed. (K.) b5: [And app. Any feed for one's beast: see an ex. in art. جل, conj. 4.]

A2: Also A mountain. (IAar, O, K.) And A [hill, or mountain, or the like, such as is termed] هَضْبَة. (IAar, O, K.) b2: And A wave, billow, or surge. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And الفِرْقُ is the name applied by the Arabs to The star [a] upon the right shoulder of Cepheus. (Kzw.) فَرَقٌ Wideness of the space between the two central incisors, (IKh, S, O, K, TA,) of a man: (TA:) and likewise between the two toe-nails of the camel. (Yaakoob, S, O, K, TA.) And A division in the عُرْف [or comb] of the cock: and likewise in the forelock, and in the beard, of a man: (S, O, K:) pl. أَفْرَاقٌ. (S, O.) And sparseness, or a scattered state, of the plants, or herbage, of a land. (S, O, K.) b2: In a horse, The state of the hips when one of them is more prominent than the other; which is disapproved: (S, O, K, TA:) or a deficiency in one of the thighs, in comparison with the other: or a deficiency in one of the hips. (TA.) b3: Also The dawn: or الفَرَقُ signifies فَلَقُ الصُّبْحِ: (K:) or what has broken of the bright gleam of dawn; of the dawn that rises and spreads, filling the horizon with its whiteness; (مَا انْفَلَقَ مِنْ عَمُودِ الصُّبْحِ [which is one of the explanations of الفَلَقُ in the K];) because it has become separated from the blackness of the night: (TA:) one says, أَبْيَنُ مِنْ فَرَقِ الصُّبْحِ a dial. var. of فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ [i. e. More distinct than what has broken of the bright gleam of dawn]. (S, O, Msb, * TA.) A2: It is also the inf. n. of فَرِقَ [q. v.: when used as a simple subst., signifying Fear, or fright]. (S, O, Msb.) A3: Also, and ↓ فَرْقٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) the latte accord. to the usage of the relaters of traditions, (Az, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) but the former accord. to the usage of the Arabs, (Az, Mgh, O, * TA,) or the former is the more chaste (K, TA) accord. to Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà and Khálid Ibn-Yezeed, (TA,) A certain vessel, (T, Mgh, O, Msb,) a measure of capacity, (S, O, K, TA,) of large size, (TA,) well known, (S,) in El-Medeeneh, (S, Msb, K,) holding three آصُع [a pl. of صَاعٌ], (Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) or, (K, [app. referring to ↓ فَرْقٌ only,]) which is the same quantity, sixteen pints, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, * TA,) i. e. twelve times the quantity termed مُدّ by the people of El-Hijáz: (TA:) or, accord. to El-Kutabee, the ↓ فَرْق is sixteen pints, and the صاع is one third of the فَرْق; but the فَرَق is eighty pints: or the ↓ فَرْق, he adds, is, as some say, four pints: (Mgh:) or it is four أَرْبَاع [pl. of رُبْعٌ, q. v.]; (K, TA;) thus accord. to AHát: and IAth says, the فَرَق is said to be five أَقْسَاط; [or six; (see قِسْطٌ;)] the قِسْط being the half of a صاع: but the ↓ فَرْق is a hundred and twenty pints: (TA:) in the “ Nawádir ” of Hishám, on the authority of [the Imám] Mohammad, the ↓ فَرْق is said to be thirty-six pints; but [Mtr says] this I have not found in any of the lexicons in my possession; and so what is said in the Moheet, that it is sixty pints: (Mgh:) the pl. is فُرْقَانٌ, (S, Mgh, O, K, TA,) which is of ↓ فَرْقٌ and of فَرَقٌ; (S, Mgh, O, TA;) and أَفْرُقٌ occurs in a trad. as a pl. [of pauc.] of فَرَقٌ meaning the measure thus called. (TA.) 'Áïsheh is related to have said that she and the Prophet used to wash themselves from a vessel called the ↓ فَرْق. (O, Msb.) [In a verse of which a hemistich is cited in the S and TA, the pl. فُرْقَان is used as meaning Milking-vessels. (See also الفُرْقُ.) Respecting a modern signification of ↓ فَرْق (A bale, or sack, of merchandise), see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii., 378-9 and 382.]

فَرُقٌ: see فَرُوقَةٌ, in two places.

فَرِقٌ is applied to plants, or herbage, (نَبْتٌ,) as meaning [In a sparse, or scattered, state; or] small, not covering the ground: (AHn, K, TA:) or (K) فَرِقَةٌ is applied to land, (أَرْضٌ,) meaning of which the plants, or herbage, are in a sparse, or scattered, state; (S, O, K, TA;) not contiguous: (S, O, TA:) thus used, it is a possessive epithet, having no verb. (TA.) A2: See also فَرُوقَةٌ, in two places.

فُرْقَةٌ the subst. from فَارَقَهُ; (S, MA, * TA;) or from اِفْتَرَقَ, (Msb,) [i. e.] a quasi-inf. n. used in the sense of اِفْتِرَاقٌ; (TA;) signifying Separation, disunion, or abandonment; (MA, KL, PS;) and ↓ فَرَاقٌ is syn. therewith, whence the reading [in the Kur xviii. 77], هٰذَا فَرَاقُ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنِكَ [This shall be the separation of my and thy union]; and so is ↓ فِرَاقٌ, (O, * K, TA,) which [is an inf. n. of فارقه, and], in the Kur lxxv. 28, means the time of the quitting of the present world by death. (TA.) فِرْقَةٌ A طَائِفَة [or party, portion, division, sect, or distinct body or class,] of men, (S, O, Msb, K,) and of other things; as also ↓ فِرْقٌ; (Msb;) and so, accord. to IB, ↓ فَرِيقٌ: (TA: [but see this last word:]) [and a separate herd or the like of cattle:] pl. فِرَقٌ (O, Msb, K) and أَفْرَاقٌ (S, O, K) is pl. of فِرَقٌ (O, K) and أَفَارِيقُ is pl. of أَفْرَاقٌ, (S, O, K,) and أَفَارِقَةٌ occurs in poetry; (O, K;) or أَفَارِيقُ may be of the class of أَبَاطِيلُ, a pl. without a sing. (O, TA.) b2: Also A portion of a thing in a state of dispersion; and so ↓ فِرْقٌ and ↓ فَرِيقٌ. (L, TA.) A2: And A skin that is full [of milk], that cannot be agitated to make butter حَتَّى

أَىْ يُذْرَقَ ↓ يُفْرَقَ [app. a tropical phrase meaning until it is made to void some of its contents]. (K.) فُرْقَانٌ, originally an inf. n. (Msb. [See 1, first sentence.]) Anything that makes a separation, or distinction, between truth and falsity. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence, (TA,) الفُرْقَانُ signifies The Kur-án; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ الفُرْقُ. (S, O, K.) b3: And The Book of the Law revealed to Moses, (Az, O, K,) in which a distinction is made between that which is allowable and that which is forbidden. (O.) b4: And Proof, evidence, or demonstration. (O, K.) b5: And The time a little before daybreak: (AA, O, K:) or the dawn. (O, K.) One says, طَلَعَ الفُرْقَانُ [The dawn rose]. (O.) b6: And Aid, or victory: (IDrd, O, K:) so, accord. to IDrd, in the phrase يَوْمَ الفُرْقَانِ in the Kur [viii. 42]: (O:) or by this phrase is meant The day of Bedr, (O, K,) in which a distinction was made between right and wrong. (O.) b7: And The cleaving of the sea: so it means [accord. to some] in the Kur ii. 50. (O, K.) b8: and Boys: (O, K:) such the people of the olden time used to make witnesses [in law-suits or the like]. (O.) A2: It is also pl. of فَرْقٌ (S, M, O, K) and of فَرَقٌ. (S, Mgh, O.) فَرَاقٌ and فِرَاقٌ: see فُرْقَةٌ.

فَرُوقٌ: see فَرُوقَةٌ, in two places: A2: and أَفْرَقُ, last sentence but two.

فَرِيقٌ A طَائِفَة [or party, &c.,] (S, Msb, K) more in number, (S, K, *) or larger, (Msb,) than a فِرْقَة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَفْرِقَةٌ and [of mult.] أَفْرِقَآءُ and فُرُوقٌ (K, TA) and فُرُقٌ: (CK:) see also فِرْقَةٌ, in two places; and see فِرْقٌ: AHei says that it is itself a quasi-pl. n., applied to few and to many: 'Abd-el-Hakeem, that it occurs in the sense of a طَائِفَة [or party, &c.], and in the sense of a single man: and El-Isbahánee, that it signifies a company of men apart from others [i. e. a party of men]: (MF, TA:) or [simply] a company [of men]. (O.) b2: And A separator of himself. (IB, TA.) Hence the saying, هُوَ أَسْرَعُ مِنْ فَرِيقِ الخَيْلِ i. e. [He is swifter] than the outgoer, or outrunner, of the horses. (TA.) b3: نِيَّةٌ فَرَيقٌ means مُفَرِّقٌ [i. e. A place to which one purposes journeying that separates widely]: a poet says, أَحَقٌّ أَنَّ جِيْرَتَنَا اسْتَقَلُّوا فَنِيَّــتُنَا وَنِيَّتُهُمْ فَرِيقُ

[Is it true that our neighbours have gone away, so that the place to which we purpose journeying and the place to which they purpose journeying are such as separate widely]: he says فَرِيق in like manner as one applies [the epithet] صَدِيقٌ to a company of men. (Sb, TA.) A2: Also A palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ) in which is [app. meaning out of which grows] another. (AA, AHn, O, TA.) فَرُوقَةٌ, applied to a man and to a woman, (IDrd, S, O, K,) and having no pl., (S, O,) and ↓ فَرُّوقَةٌ, applied to a man (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K) and to a woman, (K,) and ↓ فَارُوقَةٌ, applied to a man (O, K,) and to a woman, or, as epithets applied to a man, فَرُوقَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ فَرُّوقَةٌ, (CK,) and ↓ فَارُوقَةٌ, and ↓ فَرُوقٌ, (K,) but this last is also applied to a woman, (IB, TA,) and ↓ فَرُّوقٌ, and ↓ فَارُوقٌ, One who fears much, or vehemently; [or rather the epithets with the affix ة are doubly intensive, meaning one who fears very much;] (S, * O, * K, TA;) and ↓ فَرِقٌ and ↓ فَرُقٌ signify the same as the other epithets above; or ↓ فَرُقٌ signifies fearing, or fearful, by nature; and ↓ فَرِقٌ, [simply,] fearing a thing. (K.) It is said in a prov., رُبَّ عَجَلَةٍ تَهَبُ رَيْثًا وَرُبَّ فَرُوقَةٍ يُدْعَى لَيْثًا وَرُبَّ غَيْثٍ لَمْ يَكُنْ غَيْثًا [Many an act of haste causes (lit. gives) slowness, and many a very fearful man is called a lion, and many a collection of clouds has not been productive of rain]: (S, * O:) said by Málik Ibn-'Amr Ibn-Mohallam, when Leyth, his brother, looked hopefully at the clouds from afar, and desired to avail himself of the benefit thereof; whereupon Málik said to him, “ Do not, for I fear for thee some of the troops of the Arabs: ” but he disobeyed him, and journeyed with his family; and he had not stayed [away] a little while when he came [back], and his family had been taken. (O. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 535.]) A2: And الفَرُوقَةُ signifies الحُرْمَةُ [meaning Honour, or reputation; or that which one is under an obligation to respect and defend]: (O, K, TA: [in the CK الحُزْمَةُ:]) so Sh was told: and [so, app., ↓ الفَرُوقُ, for] he cites as an ex., مَا زَالَ عَنْهُ حُمْقُهُ وَمُوقُهُ وَاللُّؤْمُ حَتَّى انْتُهِكَتْ فَرُوقَهُ [His foolishness and his stupidity quitted him not, and meanness, so that his honour, &c., was violated]. (O, TA.) A3: And The fat of the kidneys: (O, K:) so says A'Obeyd, on the authority of El-Umawee; but Sh disallowed this meaning, and knew it not. (O, TA.) فَرِيقَةٌ: see فِرْقٌ. b2: Also Some (S, O, K) one or two or three (S, O) of a flock or herd, of sheep or goats, becoming separate therefrom, (S, O, K,) being shut out from the rest by the like of a mountain or a space of sand or some other thing, as is said in the “ Kitáb Leysa,” (TA,) and going away, (S, O, K,) in the “ Kitáb Leysa ”

straying, (TA,) in the night, from the main aggregate. (S, O, K,) A2: And Dates cooked with fenugreek (حُلْبَة), for the woman in the state following childbirth: (S, O, K:) or fenugreek (حُلْبَة) cooked with grains (حُبُوب) [or kernels?], (O, K, TA,) such as مَحْلَبْ [q. v.], and بير [app. a mistranscription], and other things, (TA,) for her: (K, TA:) or, accord. to IKh, a soup that is made for him who is affected with a chronic disease, or emaciated by disease so as to be at the point of death. (TA.) [See also فَلِيقَةٌ.]

فَرُّوقٌ: see فَرُوقَةٌ, first sentence.

فَرُّوقَةٌ: see فَرُوقَةٌ, first sentence, in two places.

فَارِقٌ [act. part. n. of فَرَقَ, q. v.]. الفَارِقَاتُ, mentioned in the Kur lxxvii. 4, means Those angels that descend with what makes a distinction between truth and falsity: (Fr, O, K:) or that distinguish between that which is allowable and that which is forbidden: (Th, TA:) or that make a distinction between things according as God has commanded them. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b2: Also, فَارِقٌ, A she-camel, and a she-ass, in consequence of her being taken with the pains of parturition, going away at random in the land; (S, O, K;) and so فَارِقَةٌ, as in the “ Mufradát: ” or a she-camel that separates herself from her mate, and brings forth alone: or a she-camel that runs (تَشْتَدُّ), and then casts her young one by reason of the pain that befalls her; thus expl. by IAar: (TA:) pl. فَوَارِقُ and فُرَّقٌ (S, O, K) and فُرُقٌ (K) and فُرَّاقٌ, which is thus used by El-Aashà, applied to she-camels, and ↓ مَفَارِيقُ is [an irreg. pl.] likewise applied to she-camels as syn. with فَوَارِقُ. (TA.) b3: And hence, as being likened to such a she-camel, applied to a cloud (سَحَابَةٌ) as meaning (tropical:) Apart from the other clouds; (S, O, K;) cut off from the main aggregate of the clouds: (ISd, TA:) or an isolated cloud, that will not break its promise [of giving rain], and sometimes preceded by thunder and lighting: (TA:) thus applied, also, having for pl. فَوَارِقُ and فُرَّقٌ [&c.]. (O.) فَارُوقٌ A thing that makes a distinction between two things: and a man who makes a distinction between truth and falsity: (TA:) or one who makes a distinction between affairs, or cases. (Msb.) الفَارُوقُ is an appellation that was given to 'Omar Ibn-El-Khattáb, (S, O, K, TA,) the second of the Khaleefehs; (TA;) because a distinction was made by him between truth and falsity. (Ibráheem El-Harbee, O, K, * TA.) b2: تِرْيَاقٌ فَارُوقٌ, (O,) or التِّرْيَاقُ الفَارُوقُ, (K,) The most approved sort of theriac, (O, K,) and the most esteemed of compounds; because it makes a distinction between disease and health: (K:) called by the vulgar تِرْيَاقَ فَارُوقِىّ. (TA.) A2: See also فَرُوقَةٌ, first sentence.

فَارُوقَةٌ: see فَرُوقَةٌ, first sentence, in two places.

أَفْرَقُ, applied to a man, Having a wide space between the two central incisors: (IKh, TA:) [or] i. q. أَفْلَجُ [app. as meaning the same, or having a similar meaning]: (K, TA: [but the CK has الأَفْلَحُ instead of الأَفْلَجُ:]) or, accord. to Lth, the أَفْرَق is like the أَفْلَج, except that the افلج is such as has been rendered so, and the افرق is such naturally. (O, TA.) And A camel having a wide space between the two toe-nails. (Yaakoob, TA.) And Having a wide space between the buttocks. (TA.) And A he-goat having a wide space between his horns. (IKh, TA.) And A ram, or he-goat, having a wide space between his testicles: and [the fem.] فَرْقَآءُ a ewe, or she-goat, having a wide space between the two teats. (Lth, O, K, TA.) b2: A camel having two humps. (TA.) b3: A man whose forelock is as though it were divided; and in like manner, whose beard is so. (S, O, K. *) A cock whose عُرْف [or comb] is divided: (S, O, K:) and (accord. to Lth, O) a white cock: (O, K:) or, as some say, having two combs (ذُو عُرْفَيْنِ). (O.) b4: A horse having one of the hips more prominent than the other; which is disapproved: (S, K, TA:) or having a deficiency in one of his thighs, in comparison with the other: or having a deficiency in one of the hips: or, accord. to the T, a beast having one of his elbows prominent, and the other depressed. (TA.) And A horse having one testicle. (Lth, O, K, TA.) The pl. is فُرْقٌ. (TA, in which it is here mentioned: also mentioned in the K after أَفْرَقُ as applied to a ram or he-goat: in the CK [erroneously] فُرُقٌ) And ↓ فَرُوقٌ applied to a horse signifies the same as أَفْرَقُ. (O, TA.) b5: طَرِيقٌ أَفْرَقُ A road that is distinct, apparent, or manifest. (TA.) And سَيْلٌ أَفْرَقُ A torrent that is as though it were the فِرْق [app. as meaning wave, billow, or surge]. (TA.) تَفَارِيقُ [Sundry, or separate, or scattered, portions or things: and sundry times]. You say, أَخَذْتُ حَقِّى مِنْهُ بِالتَّفَارِيقِ (S, O, K, * TA) i. e. [I took my right, or due, from him in sundry portions: or] at sundry times. (TA.) And ضَمَّ تَفَارِيقَ مَتَاعِهِ i. e. [He put together] what were scattered [of his household goods, or furniture and utensils]. (TA.) إِنَّكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ تَفَارِيقِ العَصَا [Verily thou art better than the several portions of the staff], (S, O, K,) which is a prov., (O,) was said by a poet, (S,) or by Ghaneeyeh, (O,) or Ghuneiyeh, (K,) El-Aarábeeyeh, to her son; for he was evil in disposition, [عازِمًا in the CK is a mistake for عَارِمًا,] very mischievous, notwithstanding his weakness, (O, K,) and slenderness of bone; (O;) and he assaulted one day a young man, who thereupon cut off his nose, and his mother took the mulct for it; so her condition became good after abasing poverty; then he assaulted another, who cut off his ear; and another, who cut off his lip; and his mother took the mulct for each; and when she saw the goodness of her condition, (O, K,) the camels and the sheep or goats and the household goods that she had acquired, (O,) she said thus: (O, K:) for from the staff (S, O, K) when it is broken (S) is made a سَاجُور [q. v.], and from this are made tent-pegs, and from the tent-peg is made an عِرَان [q. v.], and from this are made تَوَادٍ [pl. of تَوْدِيَةٌ, q. v.]. (S, O, K.) مَفْرَقٌ (S, O, K) and مَفْرِقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) The middle of the head; (S, O, K;) the place where the hair of the head is separated: (S, O, Msb, K:) pl. مَفَارِقُ; which is used also in the sense of the sing., as though the sing. applied to every part thereof: (S, O:) one says, شَابَتْ مَفَارِقُ رَأْسِهِ [meaning The place (lit. places) of the separation of the hair of his head became white, or hoary]. (Mgh voce ذَكَرٌ.) [See also فَرْقٌ.] b2: Also The place, of a road, where another road branches off: (S, O, Msb, K:) both words are used in this sense likewise: (S, O, K: *) pl. as above. (K.) b3: And [hence] one says, وَقَفْتُهُ عَلَى مَفَارِقِ الحَدِيثِ (tropical:) [I made him to know] the modes, or manners, [of the narrative, or discourse,] or the manifest, plain, or obvious, modes or manners [thereof]. (TA.) مُفْرِقٌ A she-camel whose young one has become separated from her, (S, O, K, TA,) as some say, (TA,) by death: (S, O, K, TA:) pl. ↓ مَفَارِيقٌ. (TA. [Thus in my original, not مَفَارِقُ.]) b2: and A she-camel that tarries two years, or three, without conceiving. (TA.) b3: And A she-camel having a return of some of her milk. (TA.) b4: And Anyone recovering from his disease. (Lh, TA.) b5: And Deviating from the right way or course, or from that which is right. (TA.) b6: And مُفْرِقُ الجِسْمِ, (thus accord. to the K, there said to be like مُحْسِنٌ,) or الجِسْمِ ↓ مُفَرَّقُ, (thus in the O,) A man (O) having little flesh: or fat, or plump: (O, K:) two contr. meanings. (K.) مُفَرَّقُ: see what next precedes.

مُفَرِّقُ [The disperser of the camels or cattle;] the [small, stinking beast called] ظَرِبَانِ; because when it emits a noiseless wind from the anus among the cattle, they disperse themselves. (S, O, K.) مَفَارِيقُ: see مُفْرِقٌ: b2: and فَارِقٌ, latter half.

مُنْفَرَقٌ is a n. of place, as well as an inf. n. [of اِنْفَرَقَ]: (O, K:) and is used by Ru-beh as meaning A place where a road divides. (O.)

ليت

1 لَاتَهُ, aor. ـي (inf. n. لَيْتٌ, S,) as also لَاتَةُ, aor. ـُ or لَاتَهُ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ; as also ↓ أَلَاتَهُ; (and أَلَتَهُ; S, K, art. أَلت;) He withheld him, or restrained him, and turned him, or averted him, from his course, purpose, or object. (S, K.) The Rájiz says, وَلَيْلَةٍ ذَاتِ دُجًا سَرَيْتُ وَلَمْ يَلِتْنِى عَنْ سُرَاهَا لَيْتُ [During many a dark night (or many a rainy, or wet, night, accord. to the reading in the TA, namely ذات نَدًى) have I journeyed;] and no hindrance hindered me from journeying during it: (S:) or the meaning is b2: and no averting thing averted me, &c.; لَيْتُ being put for لَائِتُ: or, nothing made me to repent, and say, لَيْتَنِى

مَا سَرَيْتُهَا Would that I had not journeyed during it! or, no deficiency, nor any impotence, averted me, &c., accord. to the T. (TA.) b3: لَاتَهُ حَقَّهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. لَيْتٌ; and ↓ أَلَاتَهُ; but the former is the more approved; as also أَلَاتَهُ and أَلِتهُ; He diminished unto him his due, or right: [or defrauded him of part thereof.]. (TA.) It is said in the Kur, [xlix. 14,] لَايَلِتْكُمْ مِنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ شَيْئًا He will not diminish unto you, nor defraud you of, aught [of the reward] of your works. (Fr, Zj.) b4: مَا أَلَانَهُ شَيْئًا; as also مَا أَلَتَهُ (and مَا أَلتَهُ; TA;) He did not diminish unto him aught. (Fr, S, K.) In مَا أَلَتْنَاهُمْ مِنْ عَمَلِهِمْ مِنْ شَىْءٍ, in the Kur, [lii. 21, q. v. in art. ألت.] the verb may be from أَلَتَ or from أَلَاتَ. (TA.) b5: الحَقَّ ↓ بِتُّ أُلِيتُ in a verse of 'Orweh Ibn-El-Ward, signifies أُحِيلُهُ and أُصْرِفُهُ [I passed the night putting away (from my mind the thought of) death: the poet having just before mentioned the death of certain of his camels]. (Sh, L.) b6: In the following saying, الحَمْدُ لِلّٰهِ الَّذِى لَا يُفَاتُ وَلَا يَلَاتُ وَلَا تَشْتَبِهُ عَلَيْهِ الأَصْوَاتُ [Praise be to God, whom nothing will escape, (lit., who will not be escaped, see Kur xxxiv. 50, and 1 in art. فوت,) and —, and to whom voices will not be confused, or undistinguishable, one from another!], لا يلات is from أَلَاتَ, a dial. var. of لَاتَ, aor. ـي in the sense of نَقَصَ, and signifies unto whom one cannot diminish [aught that is his due], and whom prayer cannot be hindered from reaching: so accord. to IAar: or, accord. to Khálid Ibn Jembeh, upon whom nothing that any one saith can have any power; (expl. by لا يأخد فيه قول قائل;) i. e., who obeyeth no one. (L.) b7: لَاتَ شَيْاً, aor. ـِ He concealed a thing that he knew, and told, or narrated, something different from it. (TA, art. لوث, q. v.) b8: لَاتَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. لَيْتٌ, He expressed to him the news, or information, obscurely, or enigmatically, or obscured it to him, or concealed it from him: so accord. to As, and the like is said in the L: but accord. to some, the verb is لَاتَهُ, aor. ـُ q. v., in art. لوت. (TA, art. لوت) b9: وَلَاتَ حِينَ مَنَاصٍ, occurring in the Kur, [xxxviii. 2,] (S,) [there meaning, accord. to the general opinion, When (it, or the time,) was not a time of flight: in other cases, and (it, or the time,) is, or was, not a time of flight]. لات is here likened to لَيْسَ; and the name of the agent is understood. (S, K.) So says Akh, accord. to J; but this is the opinion of Sb: so in the margin of some copies of the S. (TA.) Or لات is originally لا; and the ت is added, as in ثُمَّتَ [in the CK, ثَمَّت,] (El-Muärrij, S, K,) and رُبَّتَ. (El-Muärrij, S.) b10: With respect to the proper meaning and etymology of لات there are four opinions. First, that it is a single word, a verb in the pret. tense: and some say, that it is originally لَاتَ in the sense of نَقَصَ, and afterwards used as a negative, like قَلَّ: so says Aboo-Dharr El-Khushanee, in his Expos. of the Book of Sb: others, that it is originally لَيِسَ; that its س is changed into ت, and then the ى into ا, because it is movent and preceded by fet-hah: so says Abu-r-Rabeea. Second, that it is two words, the negative لا, with the fem. ت, added to make the word fem., as say IHsh and Er-Radee, or to render the negation more intensive, as is said in the Expos. of the Katr by the author of the latter work: and this is the general opinion. Third, that it is an independent word, not originally ليس nor لا; as related by the sheykh Aboo-Is- hák Esh-Shátibee alone. Fourth, that it is a word and a part of a word, namely the negative لا, and ت prefixed to حين; which opinion is ascribed to A'Obeyd [as is mentioned in the S] and Ibn-El-Taráweh: the former of whom argues in favour of this opinion from the fact that ت is found so prefixed in Othmán's copy of the Kur-án; but this is no proof, because there are found in the writing of that copy things at variance with analogy. (TA.) تَحِينَ [however] occurs, without لات, in the following verse of Aboo-Wejzeh: العَاطِفُونَ تَحِينَ مَا مِنْ عَاطِفٍ

وَالمُطْعِمُونَ زَمَانَ أَيْنَ المُطْعِمُ [The persons who act affectionately in the time when there is none (other) that acts affectionately; and the feeders in the time when (it is said) Where is the feeder?] (S.) The general opinion is favoured by the following facts: that لات is pronounced in a case of pause لَاتْ and لَاهْ: that it is written separately from حين: and that it is sometimes written لَاتِ, with kesreh to the ت, as is mentioned by Z, agreeably with the fundamental rule with respect to the concurrence of two quiescent letters [when followed by a conjunctive ا]; whereas, were it a verb in the pret. tense, there would be no reason for its being written with kesreh: it is also written لَاتُ, with dammeh to the ت: and both these variations occur in readings of the Kur-án: but لَاتَ, with fet-hah to the ت, is the most common. (TA.) b11: With respect to its government there are also four opinions. First, that it has no government: that if a noun in the nom. case follow it, it is put in that case as an inchoative of which [as is mentioned in the S] the enunciative is suppressed; and that if a noun in the acc. case follow it, it is put in that case as an objective complement of a verb suppressed; which is the opinion of Akh; the meaning of لات حين مناص being, in the former case, لاحِينُ مَنَاصٍ كَائِنٌ لَهُمْ [A place of flight not existing for them; which does not imply that there was none for others; as لا here has the force of a particular, not a general, negation]; and in the latter case, the meaning being, لَا أَرَى حِينَ مَنَاصٍ [I see not a time of flight]. Second, that it governs in the same manner as إِنَّ; which is another opinion of Akh and the Koofees. Third, that it is a particle governing the gen. case; an opinion ascribed to Fr by Er-Radee and IHsh and others. Fourth, that it governs like لَيْسَ; and this is the general opinion; but IHsh restricts it by two conditions; that the two nouns which it governs must be significant of time, and that one of them must be suppressed. (TA.) [It is generally the subject, rarely the predicate, that is suppressed.] b12: لات [when it has grammatical government] does not occur without حين [or, as many say, some word syn. therewith, as وَقْت, &c.]. (S, K.) So says Akh, accord. to J; but this is the assertion of Sb; because the latter holds it to have the same government as ليس; whereas Akh assigns to it no government [as explained above]. (IB.) But [it is said that]

حين is sometimes suppressed, (in poetry, S, [or in prose,]) though meant to be understood; as in the following saying of Mázin Ibn-Málik, [respecting 'Abd-Shems, surnamed Makrooa, the son of Saad the son of Zeyd-Menáh the son of Temeem, and respecting Heyjumáneh the daughter of El-'Ambar the son of 'Amr the son of Temeem, (S, art. قرع,) who was enamoured of Makrooa,] وَحَنَّتْ وَلَاتَ هَنَّتْ وَأَنَّى لَكِ مَقْرُوعٌ [And she conceived a longing desire; but it was not a time for her conceiving such a desire. and how (O Heyjumáneh) should Makrooa be thine? See Freytag, Arab. Prov. i. 343 and ii. 525.] (S, K.) This, however, is said to be not poetry but a prose-example. (TA.) Moreover, it is observed, that لات, in this instance, has no government, and that a word signifying time is not meant to be understood after it: [so that the meaning is, And she conceived a longing desire, but it was as though she did not conceive such a desire:] (MF.) for when لات has government, the subject and predicate cannot both be suppressed. (AHei, MF.) 4 أَلْيَتَ see 1.

لَيْتَ a word denoting a wish [signifying Would that —; I wish that —;] (S, K;) generally relating to a thing that is impossible; rarely to a thing that is possible: (IHsh, K:) governing the subject in the acc. case, and the predicate in the nom. case, (S, K,) like كَأَنَّ (or [rather] إِنَّ, MF) and its coordinates, because it resembles verbs in their force as words, [being composed of at least three letters, and the last being meftoohah,] and in their admitting most of the pronouns as affixes, and in their meanings. (S.) Ex. لَيْتَ زَيْدًا ذَاهِبٌ [Would that Zeyd were going;] (S;) and لَيْتَنِى فَعَلْتُ كَذَا وَكَذَا [Would that I had done so and so.] (TA.) You say لَيْتِى as well as لَيْتَنِى, (S, K,) like لَعَلِّى and لَعَلَّنِى, and إِنِّى and إِنَّنِى: (S:) but ليتنى is more common than ليتى; whereas لعلّنى is less common than لعلّى. (TA.) Youalso say يَا لَيْتَ O, would that —;.] As to the saying of the poet, يَا لَيْتَ أَيَّامَ الصِّبَا رَوَاجِعَا meaning لَنَا رَوَاجِعَ, [O, would that the days of youth were returning (to us)!] رواجع is put in the acc. case therein as a word descriptive of state: (S:) or it is governed in the acc. case by a verb understood, as أَقْبَلَتْ, or عَادَتْ, or some other verb suitable to the meaning: so says Sb: (TA:) or ليت in the above verse may be used in the manner of وَجَدْتُ, [see below], (S,) for ليت is sometimes used in the manner of وَجَدْتُ [I found], (Fr, S, K,) in government, not in meaning, (MF,) as related by the grammarians on the authority of certain of the Arabs, so that it is doubly transitive, and used in the manner of verbs: (S:) you say, لَيْتَ زَيْدًا شَاخِصًا [Would that Zeyd were going away, &c.]: (S, K:) this is done to give intensiveness: one says, for this purpose, لَيْتَ زَيْدًا قَائِمًا (Would that Zeyd were standing) putting both the subject and the predicate in the acc. case. (Msb.) b2: لَيْتَمَا: see De Sacy's Gr. Ar. ii. 63. b3: See also an ex. of ليت as a subst. voce سَوْفَ.

لِيتٌ The side of the neck: (S, K:) or the ليتَانِ are the lower parts of the two sides of the neck, upon which the earrings hang down, behind the two projections of the jaw-bones that are beneath the ear: or the parts of the neck beneath the earrings: or the places upon which the cuppinginstrument is applied; المَحْجَمَتَانِ: pl. أَلْيَاتٌ and ليتة [but whether the latter be لِيتَةٌ or لِيَتَةٌ is not shown]. (TA.) b2: أَصْغَى لِيتًا He inclined the side of his neck. (TA, from a trad.)