شرع

1 شَرَعَتِ الدَّوَابٌّ فِى المَآءِ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (S,) inf. n. شَرْعٌ and شُرُوعٌ, [the latter of which is the more common,] and ↓ مَشْرُوعٌ, (TA, [there said to be syn. with شُرُوعٌ, like as مَيْسُورٌ is with يُسْرٌ,]) The beasts entered into the water, (S, K, TA,) and drank of it: (TA:) and شَرَعَ, aor. as above, and so the inf. ns., he (one coming to water to drink) took the water with his mouth: (TA:) or شَرَعْتُ فِى المَآءِ, inf. ns. as above, I drank the water with my hands: or I entered into the water: and شَرَعَ المَالُ the cattle came to the water to drink: (Msb:) and الدَّابَّةُ ↓ شَرَّعَتِ [if not a mistranscription for شُرِّعَت] the beast was, or became, at the watering-place. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] شَرَعَ فِى الأَمْرِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (Msb,) inf. n. شُرُوعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He entered into the affair; (S, K;) he entered upon, began, or commenced, the affair. (Msb.) b3: شَرَعَ البَابُ إِلَى

الطَّرِيقِ, inf. n. شُرُوعٌ, The door, or entrance, communicated with the road. (Msb.) And شَرَعَ المَنْزِلُ The dwelling was upon, (S, K,) or had its door [opening] upon, (TA,) a road that was a thoroughfare. (S, K, TA.) b4: شَرَعَ said of a spear, It pointed directly [towards a person: see an explanation of the trans. verb in what follows]. (S, K: but in the latter, شَرَعَت, said of spears.) See also شَرْعٌ. b5: And, said of a road, (Mgh,) and of an affair, or a case, (TA,) It was, or became, apparent, manifest, or plain. (IAar, Mgh, TA.) A2: شَرَعَ المَالَ, aor. as above, [inf. n., app., شَرْعٌ,] He brought the cattle to the watering-place; a also ↓ اشرعهُ: (Msb:) and the former is trans. in this sense by means of بِ: (Har p. 21:) or شَرَعَ (TA) and ↓ شرّع, inf. n. of the latter تَشْرِيعٌ, (S, TA,) he made the beasts, (S,) or his camels, (TA,) to enter into the water [to drink]: (S, TA: *) and نَاقَتَهُ ↓ اشرع he made his she-camel to enter into the watering-place: (TA:) or ↓ تَشْرِيعٌ signifies the bringing camels to the wateringplace to drink without requiring in doing so to draw with the pulley and its appertenances nor to give them to drink in a watering-trough or tank. (O, K.) It is said in a prov, (S,) أَهْوَنُ

↓ السَّقْىِ التَّشْرِيعُ (S, K) The easiest mode of watering is the making of the camels to enter into the water: applied to him who takes an easy way of performing an affair, and does not exert himself therein. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii.

889.]) b2: شَرَعَ البَابَ إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ He made the door, or entrance, to communicate with the road: (Msb:) and الى الطريق ↓ اشرعهُ (S, Msb, K, TA) signifies the same; (Msb, TA;) or he opened it (i. e. the door, or entrance,) to the road. (S, Msb, K, TA.) And الجَنَاحَ إِلَى الطَّرِيقِ ↓ اشرع He put the جناح [meaning projecting roof] towards the road. (Msb.) b3: And شَرَعَ (K) and ↓ اشرع (S, K, TA) and ↓ شرّع (TA) He directed (S, K, TA) a spear, (S, TA,) or spears, (K,) and a sword, (TA,) قِبَلَهَ (S) or نَحْوَهُ (TA) [i. e. towards him]: or ↓ اشرع signifies he inclined a spear. (Msb.) b4: And شَرَعَ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (Msb,) inf. n. شَرْعٌ, (TA,) He made apparent, manifest, or plain, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) a road; (Mgh, TA;) as also ↓ اشرع; and ↓ شرّع, inf. n. تَشْرِيعٌ: (K, TA:) and in like manner, an affair, or a case; and religion. (TA.) Accord. to Az, this meaning of شَرَعَ is from شَرَعَ الإِهَابَ [which see in what follows]. (TA.) One says, شَرَعَ اللّٰهُ لَنَا كَذَا God made apparent, manifest, or plain, to us, such a thing. (Msb.) And شَرَعَ فُلَانٌ Such a one made apparent, manifest, or plain, the truth, or right. (TA.) b5: and شَرَعَ لَهُمْ i. q. سَنَّ [i. e. He instituted, established, or prescribed, for them, or to them, a religious ordinance, a law, &c.]: (S, K) whence [accord. to some,] شَرِيعَةٌ and شِرْعَةٌ. (TA.) b6: شَرَعَ الإِهَابَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, inf. n. شَرْعٌ, (S,) He stripped off the hide: (S, K:) or, accord. to Yaakoob, as heard by him from Umm-El-Homáris El-Bekreeyeh, he slit the hide in the part between the two hind legs, (S, TA,) and then stripped it off: or he slit the hide, [and then stripped it off,] not making of it a زِقّ [q. v.], nor stripping it off [entire] by commencing from one hind leg. (TA.) b7: شَرَعَ الحَبْلَ He loosed, or undid, the rope, or cord, or the slip-knot thereof, (أَنْشَطَهُ,) [then, app., doubled it in the middle, to put that part round something to be carried,] and inserted its two halves (قُطْرَيْهِ) into the loop. (O, K.) b8: and شَرَعَ الشَّىْءَ He raised, or elevated, the thing much; (K;) as also ↓ اشرعهُ. (TA.) 2 شَرَّعَ see 1, in six places.

A2: شرّع السَّفِينَةَ, inf. n. تَشْرِيعٌ, He made, or put, a sail (شِرَاع) to the ship, or boat. (TA.) 4 أَشْرَعَ see 1, former half, in two places. b2: [Hence,] one says, اشرع يَدَهُ إِلَى المِطْهَرَةِ (assumed tropical:) He put his hand [to and] into the مطهرة [or vessel for purification]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. (respecting the [ablution termed] وُضُوْء), حَتَّى

أَشْرَعَ فِى العَضُدِ meaning Until, or so that, he made the upper half of the arm to reach to (lit. to enter) the water. (TA. [This ex. is elliptical and inverted; for حتّى اشرع العَضْدَ فِى المَآءِ.]) b3: And أَشْرَعَنِى الرَّجُلُ (assumed tropical:) The man sufficed me; or gave me what sufficed me: and اشرعنى الشَّىْءُ (assumed tropical:) The thing sufficed me. (TA.) b4: And أَشْرَعَ said of a plant, or of herbage, [app. for أَشْرَعَ الإِبِلَ,] (assumed tropical:) It became full-grown, and satiated the camels. (TA.) b5: See, again, 1, latter half, in six places.8 فُلَانٌ يَشْتَرِعُ شِرْعَتَهُ [meaning Such a one originates, or embraces, or follows, his way of religion] is similar to the phrases يَفْتَطِرُ فِطْرَتَهُ and يَمْتَلُّ مِلَّتَهُ; from شِرْعَةُ الدِّينِ and فِطْرَتُهُ and مِلَّتُهُ. (TA.) شَرْعٌ, originally an inf. n.: b2: then applied as a name for A manifest, a plain, or an open, track, or road, or way: b3: and then, metaphorically, to The divine way of religion; so says Er-Rághib; (TA;) syn. with شَرِيعَةٌ, q. v. (Msb.) b4: In the saying مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ شَرْعِكَ, (so in the K,) or مررت بِرَجُلٍ شَرْعُكَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ, (so in the S and O, [ for هُوَ شَرْعُكَ,]) with kesr and with damm to the ع [of شرعك], (TA,) i. e. [I passed by a man] sufficing thee [as a man], (S, O, K,) the meaning is, of the sort to which thou directest thyself and which thou seekest (فِيهِ وَتَطْلُبُهُ ↓ تَشْرَعُ): (S, O:) and the word in this sense is used alike as sing. and pl. (S, O, K) and dual, because it is [originally] an inf. n. (S, O.) You say, شَرْعُكَ هٰذَا [and هٰذَانِ and هٰؤُلَآءِ] i. e. Sufficient for thee [is this and are these two and are these]. (S: and the like is said in the Mgh.) And it is said in a prov., شَرْعُكَ مَا بَلَّغَكَ المَحَلَّا thus correctly, for it is a hemistich; not المَحَلَّ, as in the S and K; (TA;) i. e. Sufficient travel-ling-provision for thee is that which will cause thee to reach the place [of alighting] to which thou repairest: (K, TA:) applied to the case of being content with little. (S, K.) b5: See also شَرَعٌ, in two places. b6: And see شِرْعَةٌ.

شِرْعٌ [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْع,] The like of a thing; as also ↓ شِرْعَةٌ: (K, TA:) [but the former is masc. and ↓ the latter is fem.; for] one says, هٰذَا شِرْعُ هٰذَا This is the like of this; and so هٰذِهِ هٰذِهِ ↓ شِرْعَةُ: and هٰذَانِ شِرْعَانِ these two are likes. (S, O, TA.) [The pls., or rather coll. gen. ns. and pls., following this meaning in the K belong to شِرْعَةٌ and شَرْعَةٌ in another sense; as is shown by exs. in the O and TA.]

A2: Also The chords of the بَرْبَط, (O, K, TA,) which is the [Persian] عُود [or lute]. (TA.) [In this sense, a coll. gen. n.:] see its n. un. شِرْعَةٌ. b2: And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA,) (tropical:) The [thong called] شِرَاك of a sandal. (O, K, TA.) It is related in a trad. that a man said, إِنِّى أُحِبُّ الجَمَالَ حَتَّى فِى شِرْعِ نَعْلِى (O, TA) i. e. (tropical:) [Verily I love elegance, even] in the شراك of my sandal. (TA.) شَرَعٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ.

A2: One says, النَّاسُ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ شَرَعٌ and ↓ شَرْعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) allowed by Kr and Kz, but disallowed by Yaakoob, (IDrst, TA,) The people are in this affair equals: (S, Msb, K:) in this sense, used alike as sing. and pl. and fem. (S, TA) and masc.: (TA:) [of شَرَعٌ] Az says that it seems to be pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of ↓ شَارِعٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ; i. e., [the phrase means] the people enter into this affair (يَشْرَعُونَ فِيهِ) together. (TA.) One says also, النَّاسُ شَرَعٌ وَاحِدٌ and واحد ↓ شَرْعٌ, meaning The people are one sort. (K.) شَرْعَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

شِرْعَةٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ, in two places. b2: Also A custom. (TA.) b3: See also شِرْعٌ, first sentence, in three places.

A2: Also A snare for the birds called قَطًا, (Lth, O, K, TA,) with which to capture them, (O, TA,) made of sinews: (Lth, O, TA:) pl. شِرَعٌ. (O.) b2: Also, (S, O, K,) and ↓ شَرْعَةٌ, (K,) A string, or chord: (S, O, K, TA:) or such as is slender: or while continuing stretched upon the bow; (TA;) and so ↓ شِرَاعٌ; (Lth, O, K;) or upon the lute; and so ↓ شِرَاعٌ: (TA:) the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] (of ↓ شِرْعَةٌ, S, O, [i. e. of this n. un. meaning the “ chord of a lute,” as is shown by exs. in the O and TA,]) is ↓ شِرْعٌ (S, O, K) and (that of ↓ شَرْعَةٌ, TA) ↓ شَرْعٌ, (O, K, TA,) like as تَمْرٌ is of تَمْرَةٌ, (O, TA,) and [the pl. properly so termed] (of شِرْعَةٌ, S, O) شِرَعٌ, and pl. pl. شِرَاعٌ: (S, O, K:) and the pl. of ↓ شِرَاعٌ as a sing. syn. with شِرْعَةٌ is شُرُعٌ. (TA.) شَرَعَةٌ i. q. سَقِيفَةٌ [i. e. A roof, or covering, such as projects over the door of a house &c.; or a place roofed over]: pl. أَشْرَاعٌ. (O, K.) شَرْعِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the religion or law. b2: And Accordant to the religion or law; legal, or legitimate.]

شُرَاعٌ A plant, or herbage, full-grown, (O, K, TA,) that satiates the camels. (TA.) شِرَاعٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ.

A2: The شِرَاعٌ of a ship or boat (S, Mgh, O, Msb) is called in Pers\. بَادْبَان [i. e. A sail]; (MA, Mgh, KL;) i. q. قِلْعٌ; (MA, TA;) a thing like a wide مُلَآءَة [q. v.], (O, K, TA,) of cloth or of matting, (TA,) [raised, or attached,] upon a piece of wood [i. e. a mast or a yard]; which is beaten upon by the wind (تُصَفِّقُهُ الرِّيحُ,) and causes the ship, or boat, to go along: (O, K, TA:) so called because it is raised (يُشْرَعُ i. e. يُرْفَعُ) above the ship, or boat: (TA:) pl. أَشْرِعَةٌ and شُرُعٌ; (O, K;) the former a pl. of pauc. (O.) b2: And hence, as being likened thereto, (TA, [and the same is implied in the S and O,]) (tropical:) The neck of a camel. (S, O, K, TA.) Sometimes they said of a camel, رَفَعَ شِرَاعَهُ, meaning (tropical:) He raised his neck: (S, O, TA.) b3: One says also رَجُلٌ شِرَاعُ الأَنْفِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A man having the nose extended, and long. (TA. [See أَشْرَعُ.]) b4: See also شِرْعَةٌ, in three places.

شَرِيعٌ Courageous; (O, K, TA;) applied to a man. (O, TA.) A2: Also Good, or excellent, flax. (K.) b2: And The ليف [or fibres that grow at the base of the branches of the palm-tree] of which the prickles (شَوْك) are strong, and such as, by reason of their thickness, are fit for the sewing of leather therewith. (TA.) شَرَاعَةٌ Courage; (O, K;) as an attribute of a man. (O.) شَرِيعَةٌ and ↓ مَشْرَعَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ مَشْرُعَةٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ مَشْرَعٌ (TA) and ↓ شَرَعٌ (O, TA *) and مَآءٍ ↓ شِرَاعُ (TA) A watering-place; a resort of drinkers [both men and beasts]; (S, O, K, TA;) a place to which men come to drink therefrom and to draw water, (Msb, * TA,) and into which they sometimes make their beasts to enter, to drink: (TA:) but the term ↓ مشرعة, (Az, Msb,) or شريعة, (TA,) is not applied by the Arabs to any but [a watering-place] such as is permanent, and apparent to the eye, (Az, Msb, TA,) like the water of rivers, (Msb,) not water from which one draws with the well-rope: (Az, Msb, TA:) the pl. of شَرِيعَةٌ is شَرَائِعُ; and that of ↓ مَشْرَعَةٌ or ↓ مَشْرَعٌ [or of both] is مَشَارِعُ; which is also expl. as meaning gaps, or breaches, in the banks of rivers or the like by which men or beasts come to water: (TA:) and [in like manner it is said that] شَرِيعَةٌ signifies a place of descent to water: (Lth, TA:) or a way to water. (Bd in v. 52.) b2: And hence, (Lth, Kr, Msb, TA, and Bd ubi suprà,) الشَّرِيعَةُ, (Lth, Kr, S, Msb, K, &c.,) as also ↓ الشِّرْعَةُ, (Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ الشَّرْعُ, (Msb,) signifies likewise الدِّينُ; (Msb, and Bd ubi suprà;) because it is a way to the means of eternal life; (Bd ibid.;) or because of its manifestness; (Msb;) [i. e.] The religious law of God; (Lth, Kr, S, O, K, * TA;) consisting of such ordinances as those of fasting and prayer and pilgrimage (Lth, Kr, TA) and the giving of the poorrate (Kr, TA) and marriage, (Lth, TA,) and other acts (Lth, Kr, TA) of piety, or of obedience to God, or of duty to Him and to men: (Kr, TA:) pl. as above. (Msb.) شَرِيعَةٌ signifies also [A law, an ordinance, or a statute: and] a religion, or way of belief and practice in respect of religion: (Fr, TA:) and a way of belief or conduct that is manifest (Ibn-'Arafeh, Mgh, K) and right (Ibn-'Arafeh, K) in religion; (Mgh;) and so ↓ شِرْعَةٌ. (K.) شُرَاعِىٌّ, as an epithet applied to A spear-head and a spear, of Shuráa, (TA,) which was the name of a certain man who made spear-heads and spears, (K, TA,) as they assert: but IAar says that it may be a reg. rel. n. from شُرَاعٌ, or an irreg. rel. n. from some other name of which the radical latters are شرع: and [SM says also that,] applied to a spear, it signifies long: (TA:) or ↓ شِرَاعِىٌّ, thus applied, has this meaning, a rel. n. [from شِرَاعٌ]. (S, O.) شُرَاعِيَّةٌ and ↓ شِرَاعِيَّةٌ [in the CK without teshdeed], applied to a she-camel, signify (tropical:) Long-necked; (O, K, TA:) thus expl. by ISh: but Az thinks the latter to be the more probably correct; the neck being likened to the شِرَاع of the ship or boat, because of the height thereof. (O.) شِرَاعِىٌّ; and its fem., with ة: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَّاعٌ A seller of the flax called شَرِيع. (IAar, K.) شَارِعٌ Entering into water [to drink]: pl. شُرَّعٌ and شُرُوعٌ: (KL:) these pls. are applied in this sense to camels. (S, K.) b2: [Hence,] Entering into an affair (فِى أَمْرٍ). (Az, TA.) See شَرَعٌ. b3: And sing. of شُرَّعٌ in the phrase حِيتَانٌ شُرَّعٌ, (TA,) which means Fishes lowering their heads to drink: (Aboo-Leylà, TA:) or raising their heads: (K, TA:) or directing themselves, or repairing, (شَارِعَاتٌ,) from the deep water to the bank, or side: (S, TA:) and حيتان شُرُوعٌ signifies the same: (TA:) or شُرَّعًا in the Kur vii. 163, referring to fish, means appearing upon the surface of the water. (Bd, Jel. *) b4: Also, applied to a place of alighting, or an abode, (مَنْزِلٌ,) Situate upon a road that is a thoroughfare: and شَارِعَةٌ applied to a house (دَارٌ) signifies the same; (K;) or having its door [opening] upon such a road; (TA;) or near to the road and to the people [or passengers]: (Mgh, * TA:) and دُورٌ شَارِعَةٌ houses having their doors opening into the streets: or دُورٌ شَوَارِعُ, as expl. by IDrd, houses upon one open road. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَتِ الأَبْوَابُ شَارِعَةً إِلَى المَسْجِدِ The doors were opening towards the mosque. (TA.) b5: And Anything near (K, TA) to a thing, or overlooking it: whence شَارِعَةٌ applied to a house (دَارٌ) near to the road and to the people, as expl. above. (TA.) [Hence,] نُجُومٌ شَوَارِعُ Stars near to setting. (K.) b6: [Also Pointing directly towards a person; applied to a spear.] One says رِمَاحٌ شَارِعَةٌ and شَوَارِعُ (K, TA) and شُرَّعٌ as in some of the copies of the S (TA) Spears pointing directly: and ↓ رِمَاحٌ مَشْرُوعَةٌ and ↓ مُشْرَعَةٌ spears directed. (K, TA.) b7: Also [used as a subst.] A main road: (S, O:) or it signifies, (Mgh, TA,) or so طَرِيقٌ شَارِعٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) a road, or way, into which people enter (يَسْلُكُهُ النَّاسُ, Msb, or يَشْرَعُ فِيهِ النَّاسُ, Mgh, TA) in common, or in general; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) by a tropical attribution; (Mgh;) [i. e.] شَارِعٌ in this case has the meaning of مَشْرُوعٌ [or مَشْرُوعٌ فِيهِ]; (Msb;) or as meaning ذُو شَرْعٍ مِنَ الخَلْقِ [having an entering of people]: (TA:) or it signifies a manifest, plain, or conspicuous, road or way: (Mgh, TA:) [in the present day, شَارِعٌ commonly signifies any great street that is a thoroughfare:] the pl. is شَوارِعُ. (Msb.) A2: الشَّارِعُ also means The learned man who practises what he knows and instructs others: (K, TA:) or so الشَّارِعُ الرَّبَّانِىُّ. (O.) and hence it is applied to designate the Prophet: [or as meaning The legislator: or the announcer of the law:] or because he made manifest and plain the religion, or religious law of God. (TA.) أَشْرَعُ A nose of which the end is extended (K, TA) and elevated, and long. (TA.) مَشْرَعٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ, in two places.

مُشْرَعٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce شَارِعٌ.

مَشْرَعَةٌ and مَشْرُعَةٌ: see شَرِيعَةٌ, in four places.

بَيْتٌ مُشَرَّعٌ A high, or lofty, house or tent. (TA.) مَشْرُوعٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce شَارِعٌ: A2: see also 1, first sentence.

شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

شرق

1 شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. شُرُوقٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَرْقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sun rose; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَشْرَقَت: (K:) the sun rose from the east; and in like manner one says of the moon, and of the stars: (M:) or the sun rose so that its light began to fall upon the earth and trees: (T and TA in art. ذر:) and ↓ اشرقت signifies, as distinguished from شَرَقَت, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (K, TA,) for both verbs are correctly expl. in the K as above, (TA,) it shone, or gave its light, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) and spread (M, TA) upon the earth, or ground: (TA:) or, as some say, شَرَقَت, and ↓ اشرقت are syn., (M, Msb,) as meaning it (the sun) shone: (M:) and شَرْقٌ [as inf. n. of the former verb] signifies the shining of the sun. (K.) b2: And شَرَقَ النَّخْلُ, and ↓ اشرق, The palm-trees showed redness in their fruit: (M, K: *) or showed the colours of their dates. (AHn, M.) [See also شَرِقَ in what follows.]

A2: شَرَقَ الشَّاةَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, He slit the ear of the sheep, or goat, (S, O, Msb, K,) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: And شَرَقَ الثَّمَرَةَ, (Az, K,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, (IAmb, Az, TA,) He plucked the fruit: (Az, K, TA:) or cut it. (IAmb, Az, TA.) One says in crying بَاقِلَّآء [or beans], شَرْقُ الغَدَاةِ طَرِىٌّ The cutting of the morning, fresh! meaning what has been cut, and picked, in the morning. (IAmb, Az, TA.) A3: شَرِقَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. شَرَقٌ, It (a place) was, or became, bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ اشرق; (M, TA;) [whence,] الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا ↓ وَأَشْرَقَتِ occurs in the Kur [xxxix. 69 as meaning And the earth shall shine with the light of its Lord]: (M:) [in other instances,] أَشْرَقَتِ الأَرْضُ means The earth was, or became, bright with the sunshine. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps, or, though not immediately, from what here next follows, some other applications of this verb, to denote redness.] b3: شَرِقَ بِرِيقِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and بِالمَآءِ, and the like, (M,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) He (a man, M, Msb) was, or became, choked with his spittle, (S, M, Msb, K,) and with water, &c. (M.) [And جَرِضَ and غَصَّ and شَجِىَ are sometimes used in the same sense in relation to spittle &c.] b4: [Hence,] شَرِقَ الجُرْحُ بِالدَّمِ (assumed tropical:) The wound became [choked or] filled with blood. (Msb.) b5: And شَرِقَ المَوْضِعُ بِأَهْلِهِ (tropical:) The place became [choked or] filled and straitened by its occupants. (TA.) b6: And شَرِقَ الجَسَدُ بِالطِّيبِ (tropical:) [The body became choked in its pores with perfume]. (TA.) b7: [And شَرِقَ الثَّوْبُ بِالجَادِىِّ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, became glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see the part. n. شَرِقٌ.] b8: and شَرِقَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye became red [being surcharged with blood]; as also ↓ اِشْرَوْرَقَتٌ: (M, TA:) and so شَرِقَ الدَّمُ فِى عَيْنِهِ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies the blood appeared in his eye: (M:) and شَرِقَتْ بِالدَّمِ it (the eye) had the blood apparent in it, [as though it were choked therewith,] without its running from it. (TA.) b9: And شَرِقَ لَوْنُهُ, inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (assumed tropical:) His colour, or complexion, became red, by reason of shame, or shame and confusion. (TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] شَرِقَ الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The thing became intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M, TA.) b11: and also (assumed tropical:) The thing became mixed, commingled, or blended. (M, TA.) b12: شَرِقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. as above, means (tropical:) The sun had a duskiness blended with it, and it [app. the duskiness] then became little: (TA:) or it was near to setting: (M, K:) or became feeble in its light; (O, K;) app. from شَرِقٌ applied to flesh-meat as meaning “ red, having no grease, or gravy,” and applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, as meaning “ red, that has become glutted, or saturated, (شَرِقَ,) with dye; ”

because its colour, in the last part of the day, when it is setting, becomes red. (O.) b13: The phrase يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى شَرَقِ المَوْتَى, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْقِ,]) occurring in a trad., (S, M, O,) in a saying of the Prophet, (O, K,) is expl. as meaning Who postpone, or defer, the prayer until there remains not, (S, M, O, K,) of the sun, (S,) or of the day, (M, O, K,) save as much as remains (S, M, O, K) of the life, (S,) or of the breath, (M, O, K, [but in the CK, نَفْسِ is put in the place of نَفَسِ,]) of the dying who is choked with his spittle: (S, M, O, K:) or the meaning is, until the sun is [but just] above the walls, and [diffusing its feeble light] among the graves (M, O, K *) as though it were a great expanse of water. (M, O.) Az says, يُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى means Prayer is disapproved when the sun becomes yellow: and فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى I did that when the sun was becoming yellow. (TA.) A4: شَرِقَتِ الشَّاةُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sheep, or goat, had its ear slit (S, Msb, K) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb, K.) 2 شرّق, (TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيقٌ, (S, O, K,) He took to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: (S, O, K, TA:) he went to the east: he came to the east: (M, TA:) and he directed himself to the east. (TA.) b2: And He prayed at sunrise: and hence, app., He performed the prayer of the festival of the sacrifice: (TA:) or this meaning is from شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ. (Mgh: it is also mentioned in the M.) b3: شرّقت الأَرْضُ, inf. n. as above, The land became affected with drought, and dryness of the earth, being [parched by the sun and] not reached by water: whence the term ↓ شَرَاقِىّ [q. v.] in the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) b4: تَشْرِيقٌ also signifies The being beautiful, and [sunny or] shining in face. (Sh, O, K.) A2: شرّق اللَّحْمَ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He cut the flesh-meat into strips, and dried it in the sun, or spread it in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or [simply] he cut it into pieces, and into strips. (Msb.) [In like manner also] تَشْرِيقُ الشَّعِيرِ signifies The throwing barley in a sunny place in order that it may dry. (Mgh.) And one says of the [wild] bull, يُشَرِّقُ مَتْنَهُ, meaning He exposes his back to the sun in order that what is upon it of the dew of night may dry: in this sense the phrase is used by Aboo-Dhu-eyb. (M.) b2: أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ is an appellation of The three days next after the day of sacrifice: (S, M, O, Msb:) [i. e. the eleventh and twelfth and thirteenth days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] these days were so called because the flesh of the victims was therein cut into strips, and dried in the sun, or spread in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) or because the victims were not sacrificed until the sun rose: (IAar, S, O, K:) or from the prayer of the day of sacrifice, which they follow: (Mgh:) or because they used to say, [on that day,] (S, M, O,) in the Time of Ignorance, (M,) ثَبِيرْ كَيْمَا نُغِيرْ ↓ أَشْرِقْ, (S, M, O,) which means Enter thou upon the time of sunrise, Thebeer, (addressing one of the mountains of Mekkeh, M, * Mgh,) that we may push, or press, on, or forward, (M, Mgh, Msb,) to return from Minè: (M: [see also 4 in art. غور:]) Aboo-Haneefeh used to hold that التَّشْرِيق means التَّكْبِير [i. e. the saying اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ]; but none beside him has held this opinion. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the days thus called are days of eating and drinking, and of celebrating the praises of God. (O.) b3: شرّق الثَّوْبَ (assumed tropical:) He made [or dyed] the garment, or piece of cloth, yellow: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) [or he dyed it red: (see the pass. part. n., below:)] or تَشْرِيقٌ signifies the dyeing with saffron, (M, L,) so that the thing dyed is saturated, (L,) or not so that the thing is saturated: (so in a copy of the M:) it is not with safflower. (M, L. [See also 4, last signification.]) A3: شرّق الَحْوَض is sometimes said for صَرَّجَهُ, meaning He plastered the watering-trough, or tank, with شَارُوق [q. v.], or صَارُوج. (M in art. صرج.) 4 اشرق: see 1, in six places. One says also, اشرق وَجْهُهُ, (S,) and لَوْنُهُ, (M,) His face, (S,) and his colour, or complexion, (M,) shone, (S, M,) and was bright, with beauty. (S.) b2: Some allow its being made trans.; [meaning It caused, or made, to shine;] as in the saying, ثَلَاثَةٌ تُشْرَقُ الدُّنْيَا بِبَهْجَتِهَا شَمْسُ الضُّحَى وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ والقَمَرُ [There are three things, with the beauty of which the world is made to shine; the sun of the bright early morning, and Aboo-Is-hák, and the moon]: but there is no proof in this, because [the right reading may be تُشْرِقُ, and so] الدنيا may be an agent; therefore the making the verb trans. [in this sense] is said to be post-classical, though it is mentioned by the author of the Ksh. (MF, TA.) b3: It signifies also He entered upon the time of sunrise: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) similarly to أَفْجَرَ, and أَصْبَحَ, and أَظْهَرَ. (TA.) See 2.

A2: اشرق عَدُوَّهُ He caused his enemy to become choked [with his spittle, or with water, or the like: see 1]. (O, K.) And أَشْرَقْتُ فُلَانًا بِرِيقِهِ (tropical:) [I choked the utterance, or impeded the action, of such a one;] I did not allow such a one to say, or to do, a thing. (Z, TA.) b2: اشرق الثَّوْبَ بِالصِّبْغِ, (Moheet, A, O,) or فِى الصِّبْغِ, (K,) (tropical:) He exceeded the usual degree in dyeing the garment, or piece of cloth; [saturated it with dye;] or dyed it thoroughly. (K, TA. [See also 2, last signification but one.]) 5 تشرّق He sat in a sunny place (S, O, K) [at any season, (see مَشْرُقَةٌ,) or particularly] in winter. (O, K.) b2: And تشرّقوا They looked through the مِشْرِيق of the door, i. e. the chink thereof into which the light of the rising sun falls. (O.) 7 انشرقت القَوْسُ The bow split. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 12 اِشْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see 1, latter half. b2: اِشْرَوْرَقَ بِالدَّمْعِ (tropical:) He became drowned in tears. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) شَرْقٌ [an inf. n.: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also] The sun; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ: (K, and thus in one of my copies of the S in the place of the former:) [or] ↓ شَرْقَةٌ has this signification: (M, Msb:) and شَرْقٌ signifies the rising sun; (M, TA;) as some say; (M;) thus accord. to AA and IAar; (TA;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ, and ↓ شَرِقَةٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ شَارِقٌ, (S, * M, K,) and ↓ شَرِيقٌ: (M, K:) one says, طَلَعَتِ الشَّرْقُ The sun rose; (S, M, O; in one of my copies of the S ↓ الشَّرَقُ;) but not غَرَبَتِ الشَّرْقُ: (M:) and ↓ آتِيكَ كُلَّ شَارِقٍ I will come to thee every day that the sun rises: or, as some say, شَارِقٌ signifies the upper limb (قَرْن) of the sun: (M:) and one says, لَا آتِيكَ مَا ذَرَّ شَارِقٌ [I will not come to thee as long as a sun, or the upper limb of a sun, rises, or begins to rise]. (S, M.) b3: See also مَشْرِقٌ, in three places. b4: Also A place where the sun shines (حَيْثُ تُشْرِقُ الشَّمْسُ). (K.) See مَشْرُقَةٌ. b5: The warmth of the sun. (TA.) b6: The light that enters from the chink of a door; (IAar, Th, K;) as also ↓ شِرْقٌ. (K.) In a trad. of I'Ab, (TA,) it is said of a gate in Heaven, called ↓ المِشْرِيقُ [q. v.], قَدْ رُدَّ حَتَّى مَا بَقِىَ إِلَّا شَرْقُهُ (O, K, TA) i. e. It had been closed so that there remained not save its light entering from the chink thereof: so says I'Ab. (O, TA.) b7: And A chink, or fissure. (K, TA.) One says, مَا دَخَلَ شَرْقَ فَمِى شَىْءٌ Nothing entered the chink of my mouth. (Z, TA.) A2: Also A certain bird, (Sh, M, K,) one of the birds of prey, (M,) between the kite and the hawk, or falcon, (Sh, K,) or between the kite and the [species of falcon called] شَاهِين [q. v.]: (O:) pl. شُرُوقٌ. (M.) شِرْقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَقٌ [inf. n. of شَرِقَ, q. v. b2: And also a subst.]: see شَرْقٌ, in three places. b3: Also A thing [such as spittle and the like (see شَرِقَ)] obstructing, or choking, the throat, or fauces. (S, and Har p.

477.) شَرِقٌ A place bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ مُشْرِقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A man choked with his spittle, or with water, or the like. (M, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A plant, or herbage, having plentiful irrigation; or flourishing and fresh, or juicy, by reason of plentiful irrigation; syn. رَيَّانُ. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, red; that is glutted, or saturated, [so I render اَلَّذِى شَرِقَ,] with dye: (O:) and شَرِقٌ بِالجَادِىِّ applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, [app. signifies (assumed tropical:) glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see also مُشَرَّقٌ, and see 4.] (TA.) One says also صَرِيعٌ شَرِقٌ بِدَمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Prostrated,] dyed with his blood. (M, TA.) b5: (tropical:) Flesh-meat (S, M, O, TA) that is red, (M, O, TA,) having no grease, or gravy. (S, M, O, TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A thing intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A thing mixed, commingled, or blended. (M.) شَرْقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ, in two places.

شُرْقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Anxiety, grief, or anguish; syn. in Pers\.

أَنْدُوهْ. (KL.) شَرَقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A brand with which a sheep, or goat, such as is termed شَرْقَآء, is marked. (O, K.) شَرِقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ.

شَاةٌ شَرْقَآءُ A sheep, or goat, having its ear slit (S, Mgh, O, K) lengthwise, (K,) without its being separated: (TA:) or having the ear slit in two, (As, Msb, TA,) as though it were a زَنَمَة [q. v.]: (As, TA:) or شَرْقَآءُ applied to an ear signifies cut at its extremities, without having anything thereof separated: and applied to a she-goat (مَعْزَة), having its ear slit lengthwise, without its being separated: and, as some say, applied to a شاة, having the inner part of its ear slit on one side with a separating slitting, the middle of its ear being left sound: or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” شَرْقَآءُ signifies having its ears slit with two slits passing through, so as to become three distinct pieces. (M.) شَرْقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the east, or place of sunrise; eastern, or oriental]. b2: لَا شَرْقِيَّةِ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxiv. 35], (TA,) meansNot such that the sun shines upon it at its rising only (Fr, K, TA) nor at its setting only, (Fr, TA,) but such that the sun lights upon it morning and evening: (Fr, K, TA:) or, accord. to El-Hasan, it means not of the trees of the people of the present world, but of the trees of the people of Paradise: Az, however, says that the former explanation is more fit and more commonly receive. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ شَرْقِىٌّ signifies A place, of the earth, or ground, in, or upon, which the sun rises, or shines. (TA.) See also شَارِقٌ [and شَرِقٌ and مَشْرُقَةٌ].

A2: Also A certain red dye. (TA.) شَرِيقٌ: see شَرْقٌ. b2: Also A boy, or young man, goodly, or beautiful, (K, TA,) in face: (TA:) pl. شُرُقٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK شَرْقٌ, but correctly]) with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: And A woman small in the vulva: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ. (M, K.) b4: And الشَّرِيقُ is the name of A certain idol. (M, TA.) شُرَيْقَة The first part of the rising sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.) See also شَارِقٌ, voce شَرْقٌ.]

شَرَاقِىُّ [The lands that are not reached by the water, or inundation, and that are consequently parched by the sun]: a word of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) See 2.

شَارِقٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places. b2: Also The side that is next the east; (O;) the eastern side; (K;) of a hill, and of a mountain: you say, هٰذَا شَارِقُ الجَبَلِ and ↓ شَرْقِيُّهُ [This is the eastern side of the mountain], and هذا غَارِبُ الجَبَلِ and غَرْبِيُّهُ [in the opposite sense]: (TA:) pl. شُرْقٌ. (O, K.) Hence, in a trad., as some relate it, الشُّرْقُ الجُونُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Trials, or conflicts and factions, like portions of the dark night, rising from the direction of the east]: but it is otherwise related, with ف [in the place of the ق: see شَارِفٌ]. (TA.) b3: And الشَّارِقُ is the name of A certain idol, of the Time of Ignorance; (IDrd, M, K;) whence عَبْدُ الشَّارِقِ, a proper name [of a man]. (IDrd, M.) A2: Also [if not a mistranscription for شَارُوقٌ, q. v., app. Clay, or some other substance or mixture, with which a place is plastered,] مَا يُطَيَّنُ بِهِ مَكَانٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O.) شَارُوقٌ signifies [The kind of plaster called]

كِلْسٌ, [q. v.,] (Kr, M,) i. q. صَارُوجٌ. (K. [See this last word: and see also the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph above.]) مَشْرَقٌ: see what next follows.

مَشْرِقٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K,) which by rule should be ↓ مَشْرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) but this latter is rarely used, (Msb,) The place, (M,) or quarter, or direction, (Msb,) of sunrise; (M, Msb;) [the east, or orient;] and ↓ شَرْقٌ signifies the same; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ: (Seer, M:) the pl. of the first is مَشَارِقُ; and the pl. of ↓ شَرْقٌ is أَشْرَاقٌ. (M.) The dual, المَشْرِقَانِ, means The place of sunrise of summer and that of winter [E. 26 degrees N. and E. 26 degrees S. in Central Arabia]. (S, O, TA.) And also The place of sunrise and the place of sunset; [or the east and the west;] (M, O;) the former being thus made predominant because it denotes existence, whereas the latter denotes non-existence: (M:) thus in the saying, (M, O,) in the Kur [xliii. 37], (O,) يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ [O, would that between me and thee were the distance of the east and the west]. (M, O.) And [in like manner] one says ↓ مَا بَيْنَ الشَّرْقَيْنِ, meaning What is between the place of sunrise and the place of sunset. (M.) b2: See also مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: The saying, cited by IAar, قُلْتُ لِسَعْدٍ وَهْوَ بِالأَزْارِقِ عَلَيْكَ بِالمَحْضِ وَبِالمَشَارِقِ

he explains as meaning [I said to Saad, he being at El-Azárik (a certain water in the بَادِيَة, TA in art. زرق)], Keep thou [to pure milk, and] to the sun [or the places of sunshine] in winter: but [ISd says,] in my opinion, المَشَارِق is here pl. of ↓ مُشَرَّقٌ applied to flesh-meat that is “ [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry]; ” and this is confirmed by his saying بالمحض, each of them being food. (M.) مُشْرِقٌ: see شَرِقٌ. b2: Also Entering upon the time of sunrise: the pl. occurs in this sense in the Kur xv. 73 and xxvi. 60. (TA.) مَشْرُقَةٌ and مَشْرَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and مَشْرِقَةٌ, (M, O, K,) the last mentioned by Ks, (O,) A place of sitting in the sun; (S, O, K;) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the winter; (O, K, TA;) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ مِشْرَاقٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ (O, K) signify the same: (S, O, K:) or a place upon which the sun shines; accord. to some, peculiarly, in the winter, (M,) as also ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ (M, TA) and ↓ شَرْقٌ (M) and مشرق [app. ↓ مَشْرِقٌ, of the pl. of which, or of one of the first three words in this paragraph, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَشْرِقٌ if the explanation of that verse by IAar be correct]. (TA.) مَشْرِقِىٌّ (Msb, TA) and مَشْرَقِىٌّ both [applied to a man] signify Of the east; or eastern: (Msb:) pl. مَشَارِقَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّقٌ A place of prayer; syn. مُصَلًّى; (As, S, M, Mgh, K;) i. e., in an absolute sense: (TA:) or the place of prayer of the festival (العِيد): (TA:) or the place of prayer of the two festivals: and المُشَرَّقُ is said to mean the place of prayer of the festival at Mekkeh: (M, TA:) and the mosque of El-Kheyf. (S, K.) b2: And The festival (العِيد) [itself]: because the prayer thereon is after the شَرْقَة, i. e. the [rising] sun. (M.) A2: Also Flesh-meat [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry: see its verb, 2]. (M.) See also مَشْرِقٌ, last sentence. b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, [dyed yellow: or with saffron: see, again, its verb: or] dyed with a red colour. (O, K.) A3: And a fortress [or a watering-trough or tank (see 2, last sentence,)] plastered with شَارُوق. (O, K.) مُشَرِّقٌ Taking to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: one says, شَتَّانَ بَيْنَ مُشَرِّقٍ

وَمُغَرِّبٍ [Different, or widely different, are one going towards the east and one going towards the west]. (S.) مِشْرَاقٌ: see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A man accustomed to make his enemy to be choked with his spittle. (Z, TA.) مِشْرِيقٌ: see مَشْرِقٌ: b2: and مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: Also, (M, O, K,) of a door, (M, K,) A chink into which the light of the rising sun falls. (M, * O, K. *) b4: And المِشْرِيقُ is the name of A gate for repentance, in Heaven. (I'Ab, O, K.) See شَرْقٌ.

شنق

1 شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and شَنِقَ, (M, K,) inf. n. شَنْقٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He curbed the camel by means of his زِمَام [or nose-rein], (S, K,) or pulled the خِطَام [or halter, or leadingrope,] of the camel, (M,) while riding him, (S, M,) in the direction of his [own] head, (M,) so as to make the prominences behind his [the camel's] ears cleave to the upright piece of wood rising from the fore part of the saddle: (M, K:) or he raised the camel's head (M, Msb, K) by pulling his زِمَام, (M, Msb,) while riding him, (Msb, K,) like as the rider of the horse does with his horse: (Msb:) and ↓ اشنقهُ signifies the same: (S, M, Msb, K:) or ↓ اشنق is intrans.; you say, شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ and هُوَ ↓ اشنق, the reverse of the usual rule; (IJ, M;) or the latter is intrans. also; (S, Msb, K;) signifying he (the camel) raised his head. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: Hence, شَنَقْتُهَا, occurring in a trad., referring to a female hare, inf. n. as above, means, as implying restraint, I cast, or shot, at her, or I struck her, so as to render her incapable of motion. (O.) b3: And شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He bound the he-camel, or the she-camel, with the شِنَاق [q. v.]. (M, K.) b4: And شَنَقَ رَأْسَ الدَّابَّةِ, (M,) or رَأْسَ الفَرَسِ, (K,) (tropical:) He bound (M, K) the head of the beast, (M,) or the head of the horse, (K,) to the upper part of a tree, (M,) or to the head of a tree, or to a tree, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or to a peg, (M,) or to an elevated peg, (K,) so that his neck became extended and erect. (M, TA.) b5: And شَنَقَ القِرْبَةَ, (IDrd, O, K,) aor. ـُ (IDrd, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He bound the mouth of the water-skin with the bond called وِكَآء, and then bound the extremity of its وِكَآء to its fore legs: (IDrd, O, K, TA: [in the CK, أَوْكَأَها is erroneously put for أَوْكَاهَا, or, as in some copies of the K, وَكَاهَا:]) or he suspended it: and [in like manner] القِرْبَةَ ↓ اشنق, inf. n. as above, he suspended the water-skin to a peg: (TA:) or the latter signifies he put a شِنَاق to the water-skin: (M:) or he bound the water-skin with a شِنَاق, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a cord with which its mouth is bound. (S.) b6: [Hence شَنَقَهُ, as used in the present day, and in post-classical works, meaning (assumed tropical:) He hanged him by the neck, till he died: (see the pass. part. n., below:) whence

↓ مِشْنَقَةٌ, meaning A gallows; pl. مَشَانِقُ.] b7: شَنَقَ الخَلِيَّةَ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَنْقٌ; (M;) and ↓ شنّقها, (M, K,) inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ; (TA;) He put a piece of wood, which is called ↓ شَنِيقٌ, (M, K,) pared for the purpose, (M,) into the hive, and with it raised a portion of the honey-comb in the width of the hive, (M, K, *) having fixed the شينق beneath it; and sometimes two portions of the honey-comb, and three: (M: [accord. to which one says also, شَنَقَ فِى الخَلِيَّةِ القُرْصَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ:]) this is done only when the bees are rearing their young ones. (M, K. *) b8: Accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَشْنَقْتُ and شَنَقْتُهُ signify the same: (TA: [in which the meaning is not expl.; but it is immediately added, app. to indicate the meaning here intended;]) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, describing a bow and arrows, شَنَقْتُ بِهَا مَعَابِلَ مُرْهَفَاتٍ i. e. I put its string into [the notches of] arrows [broad and long in the heads, made sharp or pointed]. (O, * TA.) A2: شَنِقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَنَقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (K;) He loved a thing, and became attached to it; (M, K, TA;) said of a man: (TA:) and شَنِقَ, inf. n. شَنَقٌ, is said of a man's heart, (O, TA,) meaning as above: (O:) or شَنَقٌ signifies the heart's yearning towards, or longing for, or desiring, a thing. (Msb.) A3: شَنَقٌ also signifies The being long: (M:) or the being long in the head, (JK, S, TA,) as though it were stretched upwards: (TA:) one says of a horse, شَنِقَ inf. n. شَنَقٌ, meaning He was long in the head. (JK.) b2: شَنَقُ المَرْأَةِ, signifies اِسْتِنَانُهَا مِنَ الشَّحْمِ [app. meaning The woman's becoming sleek, like مَسَانّ (or whetstones) by reason of fat: see اِسْتَنَّتِ الفِصَالُ, in art. سن]: and the epithet applied to her is ↓ شَنِقَةٌ, pl. شَنِقَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA.) 2 شنّق الخَلِيَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: تَشْنِيقٌ also signifies The cutting [a thing] in pieces. (O, K. [See the pass. part. n.]) b3: And The adorning [a person or thing]. (K. [See 5.]) b4: See also the next paragraph, near the end.3 شانقهُ, inf. n. مُشَانَقَةٌ and شِنَاقٌ, He mixed his cattle with his [i. e. another's] cattle: (K, TA:) this is when [contributions to the poor-rate such as are termed] أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] are incumbent on a man, or two men, or three, when their cattle are separate, and one says to another, شَانِقْنِى, i. e. Mix thou my cattle and thy cattle; for if they are separate, a شَنَق will be obligatory, or incumbent, on each of us; and if they are mixed, the case will be light to us: so the شِنَاق signifies the sharing in the شَنَق or in the شَنَقَانِ. (L, TA.) [See also what follows in this paragraph: and see شَنَقٌ.] One says also ↓ لَا تَشَانَقُوا [ for لَا تَتَشَانَقُوا] Ye shall not put together what are separate [of cattle]; التَّشَانُقُ being syn. with المُشَانَقَةُ. (TA.) b2: شِنَاقٌ signifies also The taking somewhat from the شَنَق: and hence the trad., لَا شِنَاقَ: (K, TA:) this means There shall not be taken from the شَنَق [any contribution to the poorrate] unless it is complete [in number]: (A' Obeyd, S, TA:) the شَنَق being, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says, up to nine; and up to fourteen: but this is pronounced in the L to be wrong: (TA:) [Mtr also says,] it means there shall not be taken aught of what exceed five, up to nine, for example: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, it is like the mixing; but this requires consideration: (Mgh:) Aboo-Sa'eed says that لَا شِنَاقَ means a man shall not adjoin (↓ لَا يُشْنِقُ [thus written here and thus expl. in the TA]) his sheep or goats, and his camels, to the sheep or goats [and the camels] of another person, in order to annul what is obligatory, or incumbent, on him, of the poor-rate: this is [for instance] in the case in which each of them has forty sheep or goats; so that it is incumbent on them to give two sheep or goats; but when one of them adjoins (أَحَدُهُمَا ↓ فَإِذَا شَنَّقَ [thus in this instance in the TA, perhaps a mistranscription for أَشْنَقَ,]) his sheep or goats to those of another, and the collector of the poorrate finds them in his [the latter's] possession, he takes from them one sheep or goat. (TA.) 4 اشنق: see 1, in five places. b2: إِشْنَاقٌ [as inf. n. of أُشْنِقَ, from أَشْنَقَ القِرْبَةَ expl. in the first paragraph,] also signifies The having the hand attached to the neck by means of a غُلّ [q. v.]. (AA, TA.) b3: See also 3, in the latter half.

A2: Accord. to IAar, (O, TA,) اشنق also signifies He took (O, K, TA) the شَنَق, i. e., (O, TA,) the [fine termed] أَرْش: (O, K, TA:) or it was, or became, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to give the أَرْش; thus having two contr. meanings [assigned to it]: (K:) or it signifies also, accord. to IAar, it was, or became, obligatory on him to give what is termed a شَنَق; and this is the case until his camels amount to five and twenty, when what is due of them is [a she-camed such as is termed]

اِبْنَة مَخَاض. (O.) A man of the Arabs said, مِنَّا مَنْ يُشْنِقُ, which may mean Of us is he who gives the شُنُق, i. e. cords, pl. of شِنَاقٌ: or it may mean, who gives the شَنَق, i. e. أَرْش. (O.) b2: اشنق عَلَيْهِ He exalted himself above him; domineered over him; or oppressed him. (O, K.) 5 تشنّق He adorned himself; or was, or became, adorned: (JK, O:) and he clad himself with garments. (JK.) 6 تَشَاْنَقَ see 3.

شَنَقٌ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (A'Obeyd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Msb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: K, TA:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ

“ above,” though it also means “ below,” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as A'Obeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O, * TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, K:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Msb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.) b2: Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (As, S, O, Msb, K:) the term أَشْنَاق, (S, M, Msb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (S, M, * O, Msb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (S, O, Msb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (S, M, * O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Msb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Msb,) or of seven, (Msb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Msb, *) in order that it may be described as ample: (Msb:) [for,] as IAar and As and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, K;) one of the explanations of the term given by As: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, K:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.) b3: It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Msb, K;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Msb, TA,) and other wounds, (Msb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Msb.) A2: Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA. *) b2: And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شِنَاقٌ; (O, K, * TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.]

A3: الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (K:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow], سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ [as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.) شَنِقٌ, applied to a heart, Loving intensely, or very passionately or fondly; syn. هَيْمَانُ. (M, TA.) Accord. to Lth, ↓ قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ signifies طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [app. meaning A heart aspiring to everything]: (O, L, TA:) in the K, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ كَكَتِفٍ مُشْتَاقٌ طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but the right reading is قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ كَكَتِفٍ

وَمِحْرَابٍ, and the signification as above; primarily relating to the eye. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Cautious; or fearful. (TA.) b3: شَنِقَةٌ, applied to a woman: see 1, last sentence.

شِنَاقٌ A rope, or cord, with which the head of a he-camel and of a she-camel is pulled: [see 1, first sentence:] pl. [of pauc.] أَشْنِقَةٌ and [of mult.]

شُنُقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A cord, (A' Obeyd, S, K,) or thong, (A' Obeyd, K,) with which the mouth-of a water-skin is bound, (A' Obeyd, S, Mgh, K,) and that of a leathern water-bag, and which is untied in order that the water may pour forth: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or the suspensory cord of a water-skin: and any cord by which a thing is suspended. (M.) b3: See also شَنَقٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

A2: As an epithet, Tall: (ISh, S, K:) used alike as masc. and fem. (ISh, K) and dual (ISh) and pl., (ISh, K,) not dualized nor pluralized: (ISh:) applied to a man, (S, TA,) and to a woman, and to a he-camel, and to a she-camel: applied to a she-camel as meaning tall, and longnecked; as also ↓ شَنْقَآءُ: and to a he-camel as meaning tall and slender: (ISh, TA:) also, and ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, applied to a horse as meaning tall. (T, TA.) See also أَشْنَقُ.

شَنِيقٌ One whose origin is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: a poet says, أَنَا الدَّاخِلُ البَابَ الَّذِى لَا يَرُومُهُ دَنِىْءٌ وَلَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ شَنِيقُ [I am he who enters the door that the ignoble seeks not, and to which one whose origin is suspected is not invited]. (S.) A2: See also 1, latter half.

شَنِّيقٌ A man evil in disposition: (M, L:) or a self-conceited young man. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) And شَنِّيقَةٌ, like سِكِّينَةٌ, [in some copies of the K شَنِيقَةٌ, like سَكِينَةٌ,] A woman talking, or conversing, or who talks, or converses, in an amorous and enticing manner. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) شِنِقْنَاقٌ a name for A calamity or misfortune (دَاهِيَة): (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K: *) or, as some say, a name of The chiefs of the Jinn, or Genii: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or also a certain chief of the Jinn. (K.) أَشْنَقُ Long; applied to a neck. (M.) And, as also ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, Long in the head; applied to a horse and to a camel; and so شَنْقَآءُ [the fem. of the former] and ↓ شِنَاقٌ applied to the female. (M.) For the fem., see also شِنَاقٌ.

A2: [The fem.]

شَنْقَآءُ signifies [also] A female bird that feeds her young ones with her bill, ejecting the food into their mouths. (O, K.) مِشْنَقَةٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

مُشَنَّقٌ Flesh-meat (Ks, S) cut in pieces: (Ks, S, K:) applied to flesh-meat, (M,) it is from the أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] of the دِيَة [or bloodwit]. (Ks, S, M.) b2: And Dough cut into pieces, and prepared with oil of olives: (El-Umawee, S, M, K:) or dough cut into lumps, or pieces, upon the table, before it is spread out; also called فَرَزْدَقٌ and عَجَاجِيرُ. (IAar, TA.) مِشْنَاقٌ: see شَنِقٌ.

مَشْنُوقٌ [as pass. part. n. of شَنَقَ means Curbed by means of his nose-rein, &c. b2: And] (assumed tropical:) Hanged: one says, قُتِلَ مَشْنُوقًا (assumed tropical:) He was put to death [by being] hanged. (TA.) A2: See also شِنَاقٌ: and أَشْنَقُ.

شكل

1 شَكَلَ, as an intrans. verb: see 4, in three places. b2: And see 5.

A2: شَكَلَ الفَرَسَ بِالشِّكَالِ, (S,) or شَكَلَ الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَكْلٌ, (Msb,) He bound [the horse or] the beast, with the شِكَال; (Msb;) [i. e.] he bound the legs of [the horse or] the beast with the rope called شِكَال; as also ↓ شَكَّلَهَا, (K,) inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ. (TA.) and شَكَلْتُ الطَّائِرَ [app. I bound the legs of the bird in like manner]. (S.) And شَكَلْتُ عَنِ البَعِيرِ I bound the camel's شِكَال between the fore girth and the hind girth; (S;) [i. e.] I put [or extended], between the hind girth and the fore girth of the camel, a cord, or string, called شِكَال, and then bound it, in order that the hind girth might not become [too] near to the sheath of the penis. (TA in art. حقب.) b2: And [hence, i. e.] from the شِكَال of the beast, (TA,) شَكَلَ الكِتَابَ, (AHát, S, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (Msb, TA,) (tropical:) He restricted [the meaning or pronunciation of] the writing, (قَيَّدَهُ, AHát, S, TA,) or he marked the writing, (أَعْلَمَهُ, Msb,) with the signs of the desinential syntax (AHát, * S, * Msb, TA *) [and the other syllabical signs and the diacritical points]: or i. q. أَعْجَمَهُ: (K:) but AHát says that شَكَلَ الكِتَابَ has the former meaning; and أَعْجَمَهُ signifies he dotted, or pointed, it [with the diacritical points]: (TA:) and الكِتَابَ ↓ اشكل signifies the same as شَكَلَهُ; (S, Msb, K, TA;) as though [meaning] he removed from it dubiousness and confusion; (S, K, * TA;) so that the أ in this case is to denote privation: (TA:) this [J says (TA)] I have transcribed from a book, without having heard it. (S.) b3: And شَكَلَتْ شَعْرَهَا, (O, TA,) aor. ـُ thus correctly, as pointed by IKtt; accord. to the K ↓ شكّلت; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) She (a woman) plaited two locks of her hair, of the fore part of her head, on the right and left, (O, K, TA,) and then bound with them her other ذَوَائِب [or pendent locks or plaits]. (TA.) b4: And شكل [thus in the TA, so that it may be either شَكَلَ or ↓ شكّل,] (assumed tropical:) He (the lion) compressed the lioness: on the authority of IKtt. (TA.) A3: شَكِلَتْ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَكَلٌ, (TA,) She (a woman) used amorous gesture or behaviour; or such gesture, or behaviour, with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; displayed what is termed شِكْل, i. e. غُنْج and دَلّ and غَزَل; (K, TA;) and ↓ تشكّلت [signifies the same], i. e. تَدَلَّلَتْ [and in like manner تشكّل is said of a man]. (TA.) b2: See also شَكَلٌ below, in two places. b3: and شَكِلْتُ إِلَى كَذَا, with kesr [to the ك], i. q. رَكَنْتُ [i. e. I inclined to such a thing; or trusted to, or relied upon, it, so as to be, or become, easy, or quiet, in mind]. (O.) 2 شكّل, as an intrans. verb: see 4: b2: and see also 5.

A2: شكّلهُ, inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ, He formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured, it; syn. صَوَّرَهُ; (K, TA;) namely, a thing. (TA.) b2: See also 1, in three places.3 مُشَاكَلَةٌ signifies The being conformable, suitable, agreeable, similar, homogeneous, or congenial; syn. مُوَافَقَةٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ تَشَاكُلٌ: (IDrd, S, K:) Er-Rághib [strangely] says that المُشَاكَلَةُ is from الشَّكْلُ signifying “ the binding,” or “ shackling,” a beast [with the شِكَال]. (TA.) You say, هُوَ يُشَاكِلُهُ [He, or it, is conformable, &c., with him, or it; or resembles him, or it]. (Msb.) And هٰذَا الأَمْرُ لَا يُشَاكِلُكَ i. e. لَا يُوَافِقُكَ [This affair will not be suitable to thee]. (TA.) And ↓ تَشَاكَلَا They resembled each other. (MA.) 4 اشكل [primarily] signifies صَارَ ذَا شَكْلٍ

[meaning It, or he, was, or became, such as had a likeness or resemblance, or a like, or match, &c.]. (TA.) b2: [And hence, app.,] said of a thing, or case, or an affair; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَكَلَ, (O, K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, شَكِلَ, evidently not meant by the author of the K, as it is his rule, after mentioning a verb of this form, to add كَفَرِحَ or the like,]) inf. n. شَكْلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ شكّل, (K,) inf. n. تَشْكِيلٌ; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, dubious, or confused; syn. اِلْتَبَسَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and اِخْتَلَطَ, (O, TA,) or اِشْتَبَهَ: (Mgh:) [and ↓ اشتكل is mentioned in this sense by Golius as on the authority of J (whom I do not find to have mentioned it either in this art. or elsewhere), and by Freytag as on the authority of Abu-l-'Alà: accord. to Sh, اشكل in this sense is from شُكْلَةٌ signifying “ redness mixed with whiteness: ” (see مُشْكِلٌ:) but] accord. to Er-Rághib, إِشْكَالٌ in a thing, or case, or an affair, is metaphorical, [and] like اِشْتِبَاهٌ from الشِبْهُ. (TA.) One says, اشكل الأَمْرُ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) [The thing, or case, or affair, was, or became, dubious, or confused, to the man]; and ↓ شَكَلَ means the same. (Zj, O.) And أَشْكَلَتْ عَلَىَّ الأَخْبَارُ (assumed tropical:) [The tidings were dubious, or confused, to me], and أَحْكَلَتْ; both meaning the same. (TA.) and one says also, عَلَيْهِ إِشْكَالٌ and عليه إِشْكَالَاتٌ [meaning There is doubt, or uncertainty, and there are doubts, or uncertainties, respecting it: thus using the inf. n. as a simple subst., and therefore pluralizing it]. (Mz, 3rd نوع; &c.) b3: It is also said of a disease; [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) It became nearly cured; because still in a somewhat doubtful state;] like as you say تَمَاثَلَ; and so ↓ شَكَلَ. (TA.) b4: اشكل النَّخْلُ The palm-trees became in that state in which their dates were sweet (Ks, S, A, O, K) and ripe, (Ks, S, O, Msb,) or nearly ripe; (A, TA;) and ↓ تشكّل signifies the same. (O.) b5: And اشكلت العَيْنُ The eye had in it what is termed شُكْلَةٌ [q. v.: see also شَكَلٌ]. (K.) A2: اشكل الكِتَابَ: see 1.5 تشكّل It (a thing, TA) was, or became, formed, fashioned, figured, shaped, sculptured, or pictured; syn. تَصَوَّرَ. (K, TA.) b2: And He became goodly in shape, form, or aspect. (TK in art. طرز.) b3: تشكّل العِنَبُ, (S, K,) and ↓ شَكَلَ, and ↓ شكّل, (K,) The grapes became in that state in which some of them were ripe: (S, K:) or became black, and beginning to be ripe: (K:) thus in the M. (TA.) b4: See also 4, near the end. b5: and see 1, also near the end.6 تَشَاْكَلَ see 3, in two places.8 إِشْتَكَلَ see 4.10 استشكلهُ is often used by the learned in the present day as meaning He deemed it (i. e. a word or phrase or sentence) dubious, or confused.]

شَكْلٌ i. q. شَبَةٌ [as meaning A likeness, resemblance, or semblance; a well-known signification of the latter word, but one which I do not find unequivocally assigned to it in its proper art. in any of the lexicons]. (AA, K, TA. [In the CK, and in my MS. copy of the K, in the place of الشَّبَهُ as the first explanation of الشَّكْلُ in the K accord. to the TA, we find الشِّبْهُ; but that the explanation which I have given is correct, is shown by what here follows.]) One says, فِى فُلَانٍ شَكْلٌ مِنْ أَبِيهِ, meaning شَبَهٌ [i. e. In such a one is a likeness, or resemblance, of his father]: (AA, TA:) and مِنْ أَبِيهِ ↓ فِيهِ أَشْكَلَةٌ and ↓ شُكْلَةٌ (AA, O, K, TA) and ↓ شَاكِلٌ, (O, K, TA,) [likewise] meaning شَبَهٌ, (AA, O, K, TA,) and مُشَابَهَةٌ: (TK:) and ↓ شَاكِلَةٌ also is syn. with شَكْلٌ [in the sense of شَبَهٌ]; (K, TA;) [for] one says, هٰذَا عَلَى شَاكِلَةِ

أَبِيهِ as meaning شَبَهِهِ [i. e. This is accordant to the likeness of his father]. (TA.) b2: And I. q.

مِثَالٌ: you say, هٰذَا عَلَى شَكْلِ هٰذَا, meaning على مِثَالِهِ [i. e. This is according to the model, or pattern, or the mode, or manner, of this]. (TA.) b3: And The shape, form, or figure, (صُورَة,) of a thing; such as is perceived by the senses; and such as is imagined: (K:) the form (هَيْئَة), of a body, caused by the entire contents' being included by one boundary, as in the case of a sphere; or by several boundaries, as in those bodies that have several angles or sides, such as have four and such as have six [&c.]: so says Ibn-El-Kemál: (TA:) pl. [of pauc., in this and in other senses,] أَشْكَالٌ and [of mult.] شُكُولٌ. (K.) b4: [It often means A kind, sort, or variety, of animals, plants, food, &c.] b5: [And The likeness, or the way or manner, of the actions of a person:] it is said in a trad. respecting the description of the Prophet, سَأَلْتُ

أَبِى عَنْ شَكْلِهِ, meaning [I asked my father respecting the likeness of his actions, or] respecting what was like his actions; accord. to IAmb: or, accord. to Az, respecting his particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct: (O:) and ↓ شَاكِلَةٌ [likewise, and more commonly,] signifies a particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct; (S, O, K, TA;) as in the saying, كُلٌّ يَعْمَلُ عَلَى شَاكِلَتِهِ, (S, O, TA,) in the Kur [xvii. 86], (O, TA,) i. e. Every one does according to his particular way, &c., (Ibn-'Arafeh, S, O, Bd, Jel, TA,) that is suitable to his state in respect of right direction and of error, or to the essential nature of his soul, and to his circumstances that are consequent to the constitution, or temperament, of his body: (Bd:) and according to his nature, or natural disposition, (Ibn-'Arafeh, Er-Rághib, O, TA,) by which he is restricted [as with a شِكَال]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and his direction towards which he would go: (Akh, S, O, K, * TA:) and his side [that he takes]: (Katádeh, O, K, * TA:) and his aim, intention, or purpose: (Katádeh, O, K, TA:) and شَكْلٌ [likewise] signifies aim, intention, or purpose; syn. قَصْدٌ. (TA.) b6: Also A thing that is suitable to one; or fit, or proper, for one: you say, هٰذَا مِنْ هَوَاىَ وَمِنْ شَكْلِى [This is of what is loved by me and of what is suitable to me]: (K, TA:) and لَيْسَ شَكْلُهُ مِنْ شَكْلِى [What is suitable to him is not of what is suitable to me]. (TA.) [And hence, app.,] one says, مَاشَكْلِى وَشَكْلُهُ, meaning What is my case and [what is] his, or its, case? because of his, or its, remoteness from me. (T and TA voce أُمٌّ.) b7: And sing. of أَشْكَالٌ (L, K, TA) signifying Discordant affairs and objects of want, concerning things on account of which one imposes upon himself difficulty and for which one is anxious: (Lth, TA:) and dubious, or confused, affairs: (TA:) or discordant, and dubious, or confused, affairs. (K. [In the CK, المُشَكَّلَة is erroneously put for المُشْكِلَة.]) A2: Also A like; syn. مِثْلٌ; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ شِكْلٌ: (O, K:) or, as some say, the like of another in nature or constitution: (Msb: [and accord. to Er-Rághib, it seems that the attribute properly denoted by it is congruity between two persons in respect of the way or manner of acting or conduct: but in the passage in which this is expressed in the TA, I find erasures and alterations which render it doubtful:]) pl. أَشْكَالٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K *) and شُكُولٌ [as above]. (S, O, Msb, K. *) One says, هٰذَا شَكْلُ هٰذَا This is the like of this. (Msb.) And فُلَانٌ شَكْلُ فُلَانٍ Such a one is the like of such a one in his several states or conditions [&c.]. (TA.) In the saying in the Kur [xxxviii. 58], وَآخَرُ مِنْ شَكْلِهِ, (O, TA,) meaning And other punishment of the like thereof, (Zj, TA,) Mujáhid read ↓ من شِكْلِهِ. (O, TA.) A3: Also sing. of أَشْكَالٌ signifying, (O, K,) accord. to IAar, (O,) Certain ornaments (O, K) consisting of pearls or of silver, (K,) resembling one another, worn as ear-drops by women: (O, K:) or, as some say, the sing. signifies a certain thing which girls, or young women, used to append to their hair, of pearls or of silver. (O.) A4: And A species of plant, (IAar, O, K,) diversified in colour, (K,) yellow and red. (IAar, O, K.) A5: [And The various syllabical signs, or vowel-points

&c., by which the pronunciation of words is indicated and restricted: originally an inf. n., and therefore thus used in a pl. sense.]

A6: See also the next paragraph.

شِكْلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, latter part, in two places.

A2: Also, as an attribute of a woman, Amorous gesture or behaviour; or such gesture, or behaviour, combined with coquettish boldness, and feigned coyness or opposition; syn. دَلٌّ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and غُنْجٌ, and غَزَلٌ; (K; [in the CK, غَزْل, which is a mistranscription;]) or her غُنْج, and comely or pleasing دَلّ, whereby a woman renders herself comely or pleasing; (TA;) and ↓ شَكْلٌ signifies the same. (K.) One says اِمْرَأَةٌ ذَاتُ شِكْلٍ [A woman having amorous gesture or behaviour; &c.]. (S, O, Msb.) شَكَلٌ, in a sheep or goat, The quality of being white in the شَاكِلَة. (S, O. [See أَشْكَلُ.]) [In this sense, accord. to the TK, an inf. n., of which the verb is ↓ شَكِلَ, said of a ram &c.]. b2: and in an eye, The quality of having what is termed شُكْلَة [q. v.]. (S, O.) [Accord. to the TK, in this sense also an inf. n., of which the verb is ↓ شَكِلَ, said of a thing, as meaning It had a redness in its whiteness.]

شُكْلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: One says also, فِيهِ شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ سُمْرَةٍ [In him, or it, is an admixture of a tawny, or brownish, colour], and شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ سَوَادٍ [an admixture of blackness]: (TA:) [or] شُكْلَةٌ signifies redness mixed with whiteness: (Sh, Msb, TA:) in camels, (K, TA,) and in sheep or goats, (TA,) blackness mixed with redness, (K, TA,) or with dust-colour: in the hyena, accord. to IAar, a colour in which are blackness and an ugly yellowness: (TA:) in the eye, a redness in the white: (Mgh:) or, in the eye, i. q. شُهْلَةٌ [q. v.]: (K:) or, accord. to AO, (TA,) the like of a redness in the white of the eye; (S, O, TA;) and such was in the eyes of the Prophet; (O;) but if in the black of the eye, it is termed شُهْلَةٌ: (S, O, TA:) and the like is in the eyes of the [hawks, or falcons, termed] صُقُور and بُزَاة: accord. to some, it is yellowness mixing with the white of the eye, around the black, as in the eye of the hawk (الصَّقْر); but he [i. e. AO] says, I have not heard it used except in relation to redness, not in relation to yellowness. (TA.) فِيهِ شُكْلَةٌ مِنْ دَمٍ means In him, or it, is a little [or a small admixture] of blood. (TA.) شَكِلَةٌ A woman using, or displaying, what is termed شِكْل, i. e. غُنْج and دَلّ and غَزَل [meaning amorous gesture or behaviour, &c.], (K, TA,) in a comely, or pleasing, manner. (TA.) شَكْلَآءُ fem. of أَشْكَلُ [q. v.]. (S, O.) A2: Also A want; syn. حَاجَةٌ; and so ↓ أَشْكَلَةٌ, (S, O, K, [both of these words twice mentioned in this sense in the K,]) and ↓ شَوْكَلَآءُ; this last and the second on the authority of IAar; (O;) accord. to Er-Rághib, such as binds, or shackles, (تُقَيِّد,) a man [as though with a شِكَال]. (TA.) One says, ↓ لَنَا قِبَلَكَ أَشْكَلَةٌ [&c.] i. e. حَاجَةٌ [We have a want to be supplied to us on thy part; meaning we want a thing of thee]. (S, O.) A3: Also i. q. مُدَاهَنَةٌ. (So in the O and TA. [But whether by this explanation be meant the inf. n., or the fem. pass. part. n., of دَاهَنَ, is not indicated. Words of the measure فَعْلَآءُ having the meaning of an inf. n., like بَغْضَآءُ, are rare.]) شِكَالٌ, of which the pl. is شُكُلٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) the latter also pronounced شُكْلٌ, (TA,) i. q. عِقَالٌ [A cord, or rope, with which a camel's fore shank and arm are bound together]: (S, O:) [or, accord. to the TA, by عقال is here meant what next follows:] a rope with which the legs of a beast (دَابَّة) are bound: (K:) a bond that is attached upon the fore and hind foot [or feet] of a horse [or the like] and of a camel: (KL:) [hobbles for a horse or the like, having a rope extending from the shackles of the fore feet to those of the hind feet: so accord. to present usage; and so accord. to the TK, in Turkish كوستك: Fei says only,] the شِكَال of the beast (دابّة) is well known; and the pl. is as above. (Msb.) In relation to the [camel's saddle called]

رَحْل, (K, TA,) accord. to As, (S, O, TA,) A string, or cord, that is put [or extended and tied] between the تَصْدِير [or fore girth] and the حَقَب [or hind girth], (S, O, K, TA,) in order that the latter may not become [too] near to the sheath of the penis; also called the زِوَار, on the authority of AA: (S, O, TA:) and [in relation to the saddle called قَتَب,] a bond [in like manner extended and tied, for the same purpose,] between the حَقَب [or hind girth] and the بِطَان [by which is meant the fore girth, answering to the تَصْدِير of the رَحْل]: and a bond [probably meaning the rope men-tioned in the explanation given from the K in the preceding sentence] between the fore leg and the hind leg. (K, TA.) b2: Also, in a horse, (tropical:) The quality of having three legs distinguished by [the whiteness of the lower parts which is termed]

تَحْجِيل, and one leg free therefrom; (S, O, K, TA;) [this whiteness] being likened to the عِقَال termed شِكَال: (S, O:) or having three legs free from تَحْجِيل, and one hind leg distinguished thereby: (S, O, K, * TA: *) accord. to A'Obeyd, it is only in the hind leg; not in the fore leg: (S, O:) or, accord. to AO, (TA,) having the whiteness of the تَحْجِيل in one hind leg and fore leg, on the opposite sides, (Mgh, * TA,) whether the whiteness be little or much: (TA:) [when this is the case, the horse is said to be ذُو شِكَالٍ مِنْ خِلَافٍ: see 3 (last sentence) in art. خلف:] the Prophet disliked what is thus termed in horses. (O.) شَكِيلٌ (tropical:) Foam mixed with blood, appearing upon the bit-mouth, or mouth-piece of the bit. (Z, O, K, TA.) شَاكِلٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: Also A whiteness between the عِذَار [which see, for it has various meanings,] and the ear. (Ktr, S, O. [See also شَاكِلَةٌ.]) شَوْكَلٌ: see شَوْكَلَةٌ. b2: One says, اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شَوْكَلًا وَاحِدًا, meaning Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (Fr, TA in art. بأج.) شَاكِلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, former half, in two places.

A2: الشَّاكِلَةُ, also, signifies The flank; syn. الخَاصِرَةُ, i. e. الطَّفْطَفَةُ: (S, O:) [or,] in a horse, the skin that is between the side (عُرْض) of the خَاصِرَة and the ثَفِنَة, (K, TA,) which latter means [the stifle-joint, i. e.] the joint of the فَخِذ and سَاق: or as some say, the شَاكِلَتَانِ are the two exterior parts of the طَفْطَفَتَانِ [or two flanks] from the place to which the last of the ribs reaches to the edge of [the hip-bone called] the حَرْقَفَة on each side of the belly. (TA.) One says, أَصَابَ شَاكِلَةَ الرَّمِيَّةِ, meaning [He hit] the خَاصِرَة [or flank] of the رميّة [or animal shot at]. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, أَصَابَ شَاكِلَةَ الصَّوَابِ (tropical:) [He hit the point that he aimed at, of the thing that was right]: and هُوَ يَرْمِى بِرَأْيِهِ الشَّوَاكِلَ (tropical:) [He hits, by his opinion, or judgment, the right points]. (TA.) Ibn-'Abbád says that [the pl.]

شَوَاكِلُ signifies [also] The hind legs; because they are shackled [with the شِكَال]. (O.) b2: Also The part between the ear and the temple. (IAar, K, TA.) b3: And شَوَاكِلُ (which is the pl. of شَاكِلَةٌ, TA) (assumed tropical:) Roads branching off from a main road. (K.) You say طَرِيقٌ ذُو شَوَاكِلَ (assumed tropical:) A road having many roads branching off from it. (O.) b4: And شَاكِلَتَا الطَّرِيقِ means (tropical:) The two sides of the road: you say طَرِيقٌ ظَاهِرُ الشَّوَاكِلِ (tropical:) [A road of which the sides are apparent, or conspicuous]. (TA.) شَوْكَلَةٌ, (so in the O, as on the authority of IAar,) or ↓ شَوْكَلٌ, (so in the K,) thus says EzZejjájee, but Fr says the former, [like IAar,] (TA,) i. q. رَجَّالَةٌ [as meaning The footmen of an army or the like]: (Fr, IAar, Ez-Zejjájee, O, K, TA:) or مَيْمَنَةٌ [meaning the right wing of an army]: or مَيْسَرَةٌ [meaning the left wing thereof]. (Ez-Zejjájee, K, TA.) b2: And i. q. نَاحِيْةٌ [probably as meaning The side, region, quarter, or direction, towards which one goes; like شَاكِلَةٌ, as expl. by Akh and others, in a saying mentioned voce شَكْلٌ]. (IAar, O, K.) A2: Also i. q. عَوْسَجَةٌ [i. e. A tree of the species called عَوْسَج, q. v.]. (IAar, O, K.) شَوْكَلَآءُ: see شَكْلَآءُ, above.

أَشْكَلُ More, and most, like; syn. أَشْبَةُ: so in the saying, هٰذَا أَشْكَلُ بِكَذَا [This is more, or most, like to such a thing]. (S, K. *) b2: Also Of a colour in which whiteness and redness are intermixed; (S, Msb, K;) applied to blood; and, accord. to IDrd, a name for blood, because of the redness and whiteness intermixed therein; (S;) [and] applied to a man; (Msb;) or to anything: (TA:) or in which is whiteness inclining to redness and duskiness: (K:) or it signifies, with the Arabs, [of] two colours intermixed. (TA.) [Hence,] it is applied to water, (K, TA,) as meaning (tropical:) Mixed with blood: (TA: [see an ex. in a verse cited voce حَتَّى:]) pl. شُكْلٌ. (K.) And the fem., شَكْلَآءُ, is applied as an epithet to an eye, (S, K,) meaning Having in it what is termed شُكْلَةٌ, which is the like of a redness in the white thereof; like شُهْلَةٌ in the black: (S:) pl. as above. (K.) A man is said to be أَشْكَلُ العَيْنِ, meaning Having a redness, (Mgh,) or the like of a redness, (O,) in the white of the eye: (Mgh, O:) the Prophet is said to have been أَشْكَلُ العَيْنِ: and it has been expl. as meaning long in the slit of the eye: (K:) but ISd says that this is extraordinary; and MF, that the leading authorities on the trads. consentaneously assert it to be a pure mistake, and inapplicable to the Prophet, even if lexicologically correct. (TA.) b3: Applied to a camel, (K, TA,) and to a sheep or goat, (TA,) of which the blackness is mixed with redness, (K, TA,) or with dust-colour; as though its colour were dubious to thee: (TA:) pl. as above, applied to rams &c., (K, TA,) in this sense. (TA.) b4: Applied to a sheep or goat, White in the شَاكِلَة [or flank]: (S, O:) fem.

شَكْلَآءُ; (S;) applied to a ewe, as meaning white in the شَاكِلَة, (K, TA,) the rest of her being black. (TA.) A2: Also The mountain-species of سِدْر [or lote-tree]; (S, O, K;) described to AHn, by some one or more of the Arabs of the desert, as a sort of trees like the عُنَّاب [or jujube] in its thorns and the crookedness of its branches, but smaller in leaf, and having more branches; very hard, and having a small drupe, (نُبَيْقَة, [dim. of نَبِقَةٌ, n. un. of نَبِقٌ, which means the “ drupes of the سِدْر,”]) which is very acid: the places of its growth are lofty mountains; and bows are made of it [as is shown by an ex. in the S and O]: (TA:) [app. with tenween, having a] n. un. with ة: (S, K:) AHn says that the growth of the اشكل is like [that of] the trees called شِرْيَان [of which likewise bows are made]. (TA.) أَشْكَلَةٌ: see شَكْلٌ, first signification. b2: Also i. q. لُبْسٌ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Dubiousness, or confusedness]. (K.) A2: See also شَكْلَآءُ, in two places.

A3: Also A single tree of the species called أَشْكَل [q. v.]. (S, K.) مُشْكِلٌ, from أَشْكَلَ in the first of the senses assigned to it above, signifies Entering among [meaning confused with] its likes. (TA.) b2: And [hence, app., or] accord. to Sh, from شُكْلَةٌ meaning “ redness mixed with whiteness,” it signifies (assumed tropical:) Dubious, or confused. (TA.) [Used as a subst.,] it has for its pl. مُشْكِلَاتٌ [and مَشَاكِلُ also: for] one says, هُوَ يَفُكُّ المَشَاكِلَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) [He solves] the things, or affairs, that are dubious, or confused. (TA.) b3: مشكل [app. مُشْكِلٌ], applied to a horse, means Having a whiteness in his flanks. (AA, TA in art. دعم.) مُشَكَّلٌ Endowed with a goodly aspect, or appearance, and form. (TA.) مَشْكُولٌ A horse bound, or shackled, with the شِكَال [q. v.]. (O, TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A horse distinguished by the whiteness in the lower parts of certain of the legs which is denoted by the term شِكَالٌ [q. v.]: (S, Mgh, * O, TA:) such was disliked by the Prophet. (S.) [See also مُحَجَّلٌ.]

b3: And (tropical:) A writing restricted [in its meaning or pronunciation] with the signs of the desinential syntax [and the other syllabical signs and the diacritical points]. (AHát, TA.)

شول

1 شَالَ, [aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. شُوْلٌ, (TK,) It rose; or became raised, or elevated; (S, O, Msb, K;) said, in this sense, of a she-camel's tail; (S, O, K;) [and in like manner of a star; (see Ham p. 239;)] and ↓ انشال signifies the same, (O, K,) said of a stone, (K,) and so انشالت said of a jar (جَرَّة); (S, O;) and likewise ↓ اشتال. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] شال المِيْزَانُ The balance had one of its two scales higher than the other, (S, O, Msb, TA,) by reason of its lightness. (Msb.) Whence the saying, شال مِيزَانُ فُلَانٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. شَوَلَانٌ, meaning (tropical:) Such a one was overcome in contending with another for superiority in glory or the like. (TA.) b3: And شالت القِرْبَةُ, and شال الزِّقُّ, The legs of the water-skin, and of the skin for wine &c., became raised, or elevated, on the occasion of its being filled, or inflated. (TA.) b4: And شَالَ لَبَنُهَا [meaning Her milk became drawn up, or withdrawn,] is said of a camel. (TA.) b5: One says also, شالت نَعَامَتُهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, flurried, agitated, or excited, (خَفَّ,) and angry, and then became calm. (K.) And شالت نَعَامَتُهُمْ (assumed tropical:) Their might (عِزُّهُمْ) departed: (O, K:) or their abodes became clear of them, as though lightened of them, (خَفَّتْ مَنَازِلُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ, K, TA,) and they went away: (TA:) or their expression of opinion was, or became, discordant: (تَفَرَّقَتْ كَلِمَتُهُمْ: K:) or they died: and they became scattered, or dispersed; as though there remained not of them save a remnant; [see شَوْلٌ;] النَّعَامَةُ signifying الجَمَاعَةُ: (TA:) or they became irresolute, by reason of fear, and fled: (Msb:) or they were frightened, and fled. (M in art. رأل.) [See also نَعَامَةٌ: and see a verse cited voce إِمَّا.]

A2: شُلْتُ بِهِ, and شُلْتُهُ; (Msb;) and ↓ أَشَلْتُهُ; (O, Msb;) or شُلْتُ بِالجَرَّةِ, for which one should not say شِلْتُ [which the vulgar say in the present day, making it trans. by itself]; (S, O;) and ↓ أَشَلْتُهَا; (S;) or شال بِالحَجَرِ; and ↓ اشالهُ, (K,) inf. n. إِشَالَةٌ; (TA;) and ↓ شاولهُ; (K;) aor. of the first as above, inf. n. شَوْلٌ; (S, O, Msb;) I raised, (S, O, Msb,) or he raised, (K,) it, (O, Msb,) namely, a thing, (O,) or the jar, (S, O,) or the stone. (K.) And شالت بِذَنَبِهَا, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (S, O, K,) inf. n. شَوْلٌ (O, Msb, K) and شَوَلَانٌ; (O, K;) and ↓ اشالتهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِشَالَةٌ; and ↓ استشالتهُ; (TA;) She (a camel) raised her tail, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) having become pregnant. (Msb. [See شَائِلٌ: and see also 2.]) And شالت بِذَنَبِهَا It (a scorpion) raised its tail. (TA.) And شال يَدَهُ He raised his arm or hand; like شال بِهَا. (Msb.) And بِضَبْعِهِ ↓ اشال He raised his ضَبْع [generally expl. as meaning the upper half of the arm, from the elbow to the shoulder-blade]. (TA.) 2 شَوَّلَ شوّلت, said of a she-camel, (S, O, K,) She became such as is termed شَائِلَة: (S, O, TA: [in one of my copies of the S, صَارَ شَوْلًا is erroneously put for صَارَتْ شَائِلَةً:]) or her supplies of milk dried up; (جَفَّتْ أَلْبَانُهَا; K, TA; [but perhaps the right reading is خَفَّتْ, meaning became scanty; for SM adds,]) and became little in quantity. (TA.) And شوّلت الإِبِلُ The camels became in such a state that their bellies [were drawn up as though they] reached their backs: (K, TA:) or became such as to have [only] a شَوْل [or small quantity remaining] of milk: like as one says, (O, TA,) شوّلت المَزَادَةُ The مزادة [or leathern water-bag] had little water remaining in it: (O, K, TA:) one should not say شَالَت. (TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] تَشْوِيلٌ of the ذَكَر signifies Its being in a relaxed state on the occasion of مُجَامَعَة. (O, K.) And شوّل said of a horse means, like رَفَّضَ, He put forth his veretrum without being vigorously lustful. (TA in art. رفض.) b3: شوّل said of a غَرْب [or large bucket], Its water became little in quantity. (O, K.) Said of a she-camel's milk, It became deficient: (K, TA:) and it became withdrawn. (TA.) And said of water, It became little in quantity. (K.) b4: In the following saying, (S, TA,) of Abu-n-Nejm, (TA,) حَتَّى إِذَا مَا العِشْرُ عَنْهَا شَوَّلَا the poet means, ذَهَبَ and تَصَرَّمَ [i. e. Until, when the coming to water on the tenth day after the next preceding period of abstinence ceased from her or them... referring to a camel or to camels]. (S, TA.) b5: شوّل فِى المَزَادَةِ He left somewhat remaining (أَبْقَى شَوْلًا) of water in the مزادة [or leathern water-bag]. (K, * TA.) 3 شاولهُ: see 1, latter half. b2: Also, and شاول بِهِ, and شاول بِهِ فِى الطِّعَانِ, [inf. n. مُشَاوَلَةٌ,] He contended with him in thrusting [with the spear]. (TA.) See also 6. b3: And شاول الفَحْلُ الفَحْلَ The stallion [camel] fought with, or combated, the stallion [camel]. (Ham p. 660.) 4 أَشْوَلَ see 1, latter half, in five places.6 تشاولوا They reached, or smote, one another, (تَنَاوَلَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا,) in fight, with the spears: and ↓ مُشَاوَلَةٌ has a similar signification [to تَشَاوُلٌ, as shown above by an explanation of its verb, 3]. (Az, S, O.) 7 إِنْشَوَلَ see 1, first sentence.8 إِشْتَوَلَ see 1, first sentence. b2: اشتال لَهُ (tropical:) He opposed himself to him, and reviled him. (O, K, TA.) 10 إِسْتَشْوَلَ see 1, near the end of the paragraph.

شَالٌ A certain fish of the sea, or of great rivers (سَمَكَةٌ بَحْرِيَّةٌ): (TA:) [in Egypt this name is applied to a fish of the genus silurus, found in the Nile: it is well described by Sonnini, in p. 407 of the 4to Engl. ed. of his Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt.]

A2: Also A certain kind of رِدَآء

[here meaning shawl], made in Cashmere and Lahore, and brought for sale to other countries; [erroneously] said to be made of camels' fur; and so called because raised to the shoulders, if it be an Arabic word [which is not the case, for it is from the Pers\. شَالٌ, whence our word “ shawl ”]: pl. شِيلَانٌ and شَالَاتٌ. (TA.) شَوْلٌ: see شَائِلَةٌ, voce شَائِلٌ: A2: and شَوْلَةٌ.

A3: Also Somewhat remaining of water in the skin and in the bucket, (K,) and of milk in the udder: (TA:) and a small quantity of water (S, O, K, TA) in the bottom of the water-skin (S, O, TA) and of the leathern water-bag: (TA:) [in the CK, المالُ القَلِيلُ is erroneously put for المَآءُ القَلِيلُ:] pl. أَشْوَالٌ. (S, O, K.) It is said in a prov., مَا ضَرَّ نَابًا شَوْلُهَا المُعَلَّقُ (Meyd, TA,) i. e. Her small quantity of water [that is hung upon her does not harm an aged she-camel]: or نَابِى [my aged she-camel]: applied to the case of carrying that which will not harm thee if it be with thee, and will be useful to thee if thou be in want of it: (Meyd:) or applied to him who is enjoined to take the prudent course and to supply himself with travelling-provision though he be going to such provision. (TA.) A4: And Light, active, or agile; syn. خَفِيفٌ: (K:) so in the M. (TA.) [See also the next paragraph.]

شَوِلٌ One that raises a thing. (TA. [See also شَائِلٌ.]) b2: And A man light, active, or agile, (خَفِيفٌ,) in work, and in service, (S, O, K,) and in respect of what is wanted; and quick: (K:) thus in a verse of El-Aashà: (O, TA:) [but accord. to the reading of AO of that verse, it is ↓ شُوُلٌ, which has a similar, but intensive, meaning. (De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., ii. 484-5.) See also what next follows.]

شُوَلٌ, like صُرَدٌ [in measure], One who aids, or assists, much or well; syn. نَصُورٌ. (O, TA.) [See also what next precedes.]

شُوُلٌ: see شَوِلٌ.

شَوْلَةٌ The part that it raises of the tail of the scorpion; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ شَوْلٌ: (Ham p.

649:) or, accord. to Sh, its sting, with which it strikes. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الشَّوْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) Two bright stars, near together, λ and ν,] (S, O,) in the end of the tail of Scorpio, (Kzw,) which are one of the Mansions of the Moon, (S, O, Kzw,) namely, the Nineteenth Mansion; (Kzw;) also called حُمَةُ العَقْرَبِ. (S, O.) [See مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل.] b3: And شَوْلَةُ is a proper name for The scorpion; (O, TA;) [and] so ↓ شَوَّالَةُ. (K, TA.) A2: Also A foolish, or stupid, woman. (IAar, O, K.) شَوْلَةُ was the name of A certain foolish female slave, belonging to [the tribe of] 'Adwán, and she used to give advice to her masters, and it resulted in evil to them; whence the saying, أَنْتَ شَوْلَةُ النَّاصِحَةُ [Thou art Showleh the giver of advice]. (S, O, K.) b2: Also the name of The mare of Zeyd-el-Fawáris Ed-Dabbee. (O, K.) شُوَيْلَآءُ A certain plant, (AHn, O, K,) mentioned, but not described, by As; of the kind termed عُشْب, growing in plain, or soft, land, (AHn, O,) used as a medicament, (AHn, O, K,) and well known: (AHn, O:) [Sgh says,] I have seen it: it is dust-coloured, spreads upon the ground, has no thorns, and the cattle eagerly desire it: (O:) it is called (O, K) sometimes, (K,) by some of the people of El-'Irák, (O,) ↓ شُوَّيْلٌ, like فُبَّيْطٌ [in measure]. (O, K.) شَوَّالٌ The tail of the scorpion. (TA. [So called because often raised.]) b2: Also, (S, O, Msb, K,) and sometimes it is called الشَّوَّالُ, (Msb,) The month of the festival of the breaking of the fast; (Msb, K; *) the month next after رَمَضَان; (TA;) the first of the months of the pilgrimage; (S, O;) [the tenth month of the lunar year:] as some assert, (IDrd, O,) so called because [when first thus named] it coincided with the season when the she-camels [being seven or eight months gone with young] raised their tails: (IDrd, O, Msb, TA:) [for the camels generally couple in winter:] or because of their milk becoming then withdrawn; such being the case with the camels in the time of vehement heat and of the coming to an end of the juicy fresh herbage: [see a table of the months voce زَمَنٌ:] the Arabs used to regard the making of marriage-contracts in this month as of evil omen; and to say that the woman [then] married would resist him who married her, like as the she-camel resists the stallion and raises her tail; but the Prophet abolished their thus auguring, and he married 'Áïsheh in this month: (TA:) the pl. is شَوَّالَاتٌ and شَوَاوِيلُ (S, Msb, K) and شَوَاوِلُ, this last formed by rejecting the augmentative letter [in the second]. (TA.) شُوَّيْلٌ: see شُوَيْلَآءُ.

شَوَّالَةٌ [not (as is implied in the K) شَوَّالَةُ] A certain bird, (AHát, O, K,) a دُخَّلَة [n. un. of دُخَّلٌ q. v.], of a dusky colour, which, when it alights upon a stone or a tree, moves up and down its tail like as does the camel; so called because it raises its tail; and in its belly and its hinder part is somewhat of redness. (AHát, O, TA.) b2: See also شَوْلَةٌ. b3: [Hence, as being likened to the scorpion, whence also the phrase إِنَّهُ لَتَدِبُّ عَقَارِبُهُ,] اِمْرَأَةٌ شَوَّالَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman wont to calumniate. (K.) شَائِلٌ A she-camel raising her tail, (S, O, Msb, K,) having conceived, (Msb,) or by reason of having conceived, and having no milk whatever: (S, O, K:) or a she-camel that has conceived, and raises her tail to the stallion as a sign of her having conceived, raising her head therewith, and elevating her nose: (Az, TA:) the word is without ة because it is an epithet of peculiar application [to a female]: (Msb:) or it is without ة anomalously; for the male also raises his tail: (ISd, TA:) the pl. is شُوَّلٌ (Az, S, O, Msb, K) and شُيَّلٌ and شِيَّلٌ and شُوَّالٌ. (K.) Also, with ة, applied to a mare, as meaning Raising the tail. (TA.) b2: And شَائِلَةٌ, which is anomalously with ة because it is an epithet denoting an attribute not shared with the female by the male, (ISd, TA,) A she-camel that has passed seven months, (S, O, K,) or eight, (S, O,) since the period of her bringing forth, (S, O, K,) or of her becoming pregnant, (K,) and whose milk has dried up, (جَفَّ لَبَنُهَا, K, and so in a copy of the S,) or whose milk has become scanty, (خَفَّ لَبَنُهَا, O, and so in another copy of the S,) and her udder drawn up, (S, O,) there remaining in her udder no more than a شَوْل, a third of the quantity of the contents thereof when her bringing forth was recent: (TA:) she-camels in this case are termed ↓ شَوْلٌ, (S, O, K,) an anomalous pl., (K,) [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] expl. by some as applied to she-camels whose milk has become deficient, which is the case when their young are weaned at the period of the [auroral] rising of سُهَيْل [or Canopus, a period which commenced, in Central Arabia, about the beginning of the era of the Flight, on the 4th of August, O. S.], and they cease not to be thus termed until the stallion is sent among them; (TA;) the pl. pl. [or pl. of شَوْلٌ] is أَشْوَالٌ; (K;) and شَوَائِلُ is a pl. of شَائِلَةٌ meaning [as expl. above, or] a she-camel whose milk has become withdrawn. (TA.) b3: شَائِلٌ is also applied to Anything that is raised, or drawn up, or withdrawn. (TA.) شَوْشَلَآءُ Initus; syn. نَيْكٌ: said to be an Abyssinian word. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) مِشْوَلٌ A small مِنْجَل [or reaping-hook: in the CK, erroneously, مُنْخُل]. (S, O, K, TA.) مُشِيلٌ act. part. n. of 4. See an ex. in a verse cited voce خَافِض; cited also in the present art. in the S and O.

مِشْوَلَةٌ is said by Yz to signify A certain thing with which one plays. (O, TA.) مِشْوَالٌ A stone that is raised. (Lh, K.)

شبه

2 شَبَّهَهُ إِيَّاهُ and بِهِ, (MA, K,) inf. n. تَشْبِيهٌ, (S, K, KL,) He made it to be like it, or to resemble it; he assimilated it to it; (MA, KL;) i. q. مَثَّلَهُ [meaning thus: and also meaning he likened it to it, or compared it with it; agreeably with the explanation here next following]: (S, * K:) شَبَّهَتُ الشَّىْءَ بِالشَّىْءِ I put the thing in the place, or predicament, of the [other] thing, by reason of an attribute connecting them [or common to them]; which attribute may be real and ideal; real as when one says, “this dirhem is like this dirhem,” and “ this blackness is like this blackness; ” and ideal as when one says, “Zeyd is like the lion ” or “ like the ass ” i. e. in his strength or his stupidity, and “ Zeyd is like 'Amr ” i. e. in his power and his generosity and similar qualities; and sometimes it is tropical, as when one says, “ the absent is like the non-existent,” and “ the garment is like the dirhem ” i. e. the value of the garment is equivalent to the dirhem. (Msb.) شَبَّهُ, [app. for شبّه شَيْئًا بِشَىْء ٍ,] accord. to IAar, means He made a thing equal to a thing, or like a thing. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] شبّههُ عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. as above, He rendered it confused to him [by making it to appear like some other thing]; (JK, * TA;) he rendered it ambiguous, dubious, or obscure, to him. (MA.) See also 8, [with which it is, in its pass. form, and in its act. form likewise, nearly or exactly syn. in one of the senses,] in two places. b3: [And شَبَّهَتْهُ إِلَيْهِ النَّفْسُ, or الحَالُ, The mind, or the case, imaged it to him; like خَيَّلَتْهُ: see art. خيل.] See also 5, [with which, in its pass. form, this verb is nearly or exactly syn. in one sense.]

b4: [تَشْبِيهٌ used as a simple subst. means A comparison, simile, similitude, or parable: and has for its pl. تَشْبِيهَاتٌ. Hence, عَلَى التَّشْبِيهِ By way of comparison.]3 شَاْبَهَ see the next paragraph, in four places.4 اشبههُ, [inf. n. إِشْبَاهٌ;] and ↓ شابههُ, [inf. n. مُشَابَهَةٌ;] (S, K;) He was, or became, like him; he resembled him; syn. مَاثَلَهُ. (K.) One says أَشْبَهَ الوَلَدُ أَبَاهُ, and ↓ شابههُ, The child [resembled his father, or] shared with his father in some one of his qualities, or attributes. (Msb.) and مَنْ أَشْبَهَ أَبَاهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, (Meyd, TA,) or ↓ مَنْ يُشَابِهُ

أبَهُ فَمَا ظَلَمَ, as some relate it, (TA,) [Whoso resembles his father, he has not done that which is wrong:] a prov., meaning, he has not put the likeness in the wrong place; for there is not any one more fit, or proper, for him to resemble than he: or it may mean that the father has not done that which is wrong. (Meyd. [See also Har pp. 667-8.]) And اشبه الرَّجُلُ أُمَّهُ, (IAar, K,) and ↓ شَابَهَهَا, (K,) [The man resembled his mother,] meaning (assumed tropical:) the man became impotent, and weak. (IAar, K.) And it is said in a trad. of 'Omar, إِنَّ اللَّبَنَ يُشْبَهُ عَلَيْهِ [Verily one becomes like by feeding upon milk]: i. e. the infant that is suckled often becomes like the woman who suckles it, because of the milk: (JK:) or اللبن يشبه [app. for اللَّبَنُ يُشْبَهُ عَلَيْهِ]: i. e. one acquires a likeness to the natural dispositions of the woman who suckles [him]: or, as it is also related, ↓ يتشبّه [app. for يُتَشَبَّهُ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA.) A2: [اشبه is also a verb of wonder: hence the saying, مَا أَشْبَهَ اللَّيْلَةَ بِالبَارِحَهْ How like is this night to yesternight! expl. in art. برح.]5 تشبّه بِهِ [He became assimilated to him, or it: and he assumed, or affected, a likeness, or resemblance, to him, or it; he imitated him, or it;] he made himself to be like, or to resemble, him, or it; (MA, KL; *) i. q. تمثّل: (S, * TA: [in the former, this meaning is indicated, but not expressed:]) said of a man. (S.) See also 4, last sentence but one. b2: [Hence,] تشبّه لَهُ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It became imaged to him [in the mind, i. e. it seemed to him,] that it was so; syn. تَخَيَّلَ, (S and K * in art. خيل,) and تَخَايَلَ: (S in that art.:) and إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ كَذَا ↓ شُبِّهَ [signifies the same; or] it was imaged to him [in the mind] that it was so; syn. خُيِّلَ. (PS in that art.) 6 تَشَابُهٌ signifies The being equal, or uniform; syn. اِسْتِوَآءٌ: (TA:) [or rather the being consimilar.] You say, تَشَابَهَا They were like, or they resembled, each other. (MA.) And الخُطُوطُ تَتَشَابَهُ The lines are like one another; the lines resemble one another. (Mgh.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.8 اِشْتَبَهَا and ↓ تَشَابَهَا They resembled each other so that they became confounded, or confused, or dubious. (K.) And اشتبه (S, MA) and ↓ تشابه (MA) It (a thing, S, MA, or an affair, MA) was, or became, ambiguous, dubious, or obscure, (MA,) عَلَىَّ [to me], (S,) or عَلَيْهِ [to him]: (MA:) and عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ ↓ شُبِّهَ the thing, or affair, was rendered confused, or dubious, to him: (K, * TA:) and الشَّىْءُ ↓ شَبَهٌ, also, [see مُشْتَبِهٌ,] the thing was, or became, confused, or dubious. (IAar, TA.) شِبْهٌ and ↓ شَبَهٌ are syn., (S, Msb, K,) like مِثْلٌ and مَثَلٌ, and بِدْلٌ and بَدَلٌ, and نِكْلٌ and نَكَلٌ, the only other instances of the kind, i. e. of words of both these measures, that have been heard, having the same meaning, (S and TA in art. بدل,) i. q. ↓ شَبِيهٌ, (S, Msb, K,) syn. مِثْلٌ, (K,) [i. e.] A like; a similar person or thing; (MA; Msb;) [an analogue; a match;] a fellow: (MA:) pl. (of all, TA) أَشْبَاهٌ. (K, TA.) One says, هٰذَا شِبْهُهُ [and ↓ شَبَهُهُ], i. e. ↓ شَبِيهُهُ [meaning This is the like, &c., of him, or it]. (S.) And فُلَانٌ شِبْهُكَ and ↓ شَبَهُكَ and ↓ شَبِيهُكَ [Such a one is the like, &c., of thee]. (JK.) [And ↓ بِهِ This is like him, or it. And hence, in lexicology, الأَشْبَاهُ وَالنَّظَائِرُ The words that are alike in form: generally applied to rare instances.] b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

شَبَهٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places. b2: [Hence,] syn. with شَكْلٌ [signifying A likeness, resemblance, or semblance, as meaning something resembling]; (AA, K and TA in art. شكل;) and ↓ شُبْهَةٌ is syn. with مِثْلٌ [in the same sense]: (K in the present art.: [see exs. of the latter voce عُقْرٌ:]) pl. of the former [in this sense, as is indicated in the S,] ↓ مَشَابِهُ, contr. to rule, like مَحَاسِنُ and مَذَاكِيرُ; (S, TA;) or this is a pl. having no proper sing. (TA.) One says, بَيْنَهُمَا شَبَهٌ [Between them two is a likeness, &c.]. (S,) And نَزَعَ إِلَى أَبِيهِ فِى الشَّبَهِ [He inclined to his father in likeness]. (S, in art. نزع.) And a poet cited by IAar says, أَصْبَحَ فِيهِ شَبَهٌ مِنْ أُمِّهِ مِنْ عِظَمِ الرَّأْسِ وَمِنْ خُرْطُمِّهِ [He became so that there was in him a resemblance of his mother, in respect of bigness of the head, and of his nose]. (TA.) And one says also, لَهُ ↓ بِهِ شُبْهَةٌ i. e. مِثْلٌ [In him is a likeness, or something having a likeness, to him, or it]. (TK.) b3: Also, (JK, S, Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ شِبْهٌ, (JK, S, K,) and ↓ شَبَهَانٌ, (K, TA, but not in the CK,) [A sort of fine brass;] a metal resembling gold in its colour, the highest in quality of صُفْر [or brass]; (Msb;) yellow نُحَاس; (K;) a sort of نُحَاس (JK, T, S, M *) rendered yellow by the addition of an alloy (lit. a medicament): (T, M, * TA:) so called because resembling gold in its colour: (M, TA:) pl. أَشْبَاهُ. (K.) One says كُوزُ شَبَه ٍ and ↓ شِبْه ٍ [A mug of شبه]. (S.) A2: See also شَبَهَانٌ.

شُبْهَةٌ: see شَبَهٌ, in two places. b2: [Hence,] Confusedness, or dubiousness: (S, K:) pl. شُبَهٌ (TA) [and شُبْهَاتٌ and شُبَهَاتٌ and شُبُهَاتٌ: whence the phrase أَصْحَابُ الشُّبُهَاتِ Those persons who are of dubious characters; those who are objects of suspicion]. One says, لَيْسَ فِيهِ شُبْهَةٌ [There is not any confusedness, or dubiousness, in respect of it]: referring to property. (Msb voce شَائِبَةٌ, in art. شوب.) شَبَهَانٌ and ↓ شَبَهٌ, (K accord. to the TA,) the latter on the authority of IB, (TA, [and mentioned also in the M voce سَيَالٌ on the authority of AA,]) A certain thorny plant, (K accord. to the TA,) resembling the سَمُر [or gum-acacia-tree], (TA,) having an elegant red blossom, and grains like the شَهْدَانَج [or hemp-seed], an antidote for the bite, or sting, of venomous reptiles, beneficial for the cough, lithotriptic, and binding to the bowels. (K accord. to the TA: but see what here follows.) And ↓ شُبُهَانٌ, (K accord. to the TA,) or شَبَهَانٌ, (so in a copy of the S,) or both, (so in copies of the K,) or ↓ شَبُهَانٌ, or ↓ شُبَهَانٌ, (so in different copies of the S, [the latter of these two I find in one copy only,]) A kind of trees, of the [kind called] عِضاَه: (S, K:) or the ثُمَام [i. e. panic grass]: (K, TA, but not in the CK:) or the نَمَّام [now commonly applied to wild thyme, thymus serpyllum], (S, K), one of the sweetsmelling plants, (S,) having an elegant red flower, &c., as in the next preceding sentence. (So in copies of the K. [See شَهَبَانٌ.]) A2: See also شَبَهٌ.

شَبُهَانٌ, or شُبُهَانٌ, or شُبَهَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَبَاهٌ (Lth, JK, K) and شُبَاهٌ (CK [but not in my MS. copy of the K nor in the TA]) A certain grain, like that called حُرْف (Lth, JK, K) in colour, [see حُرْفٌ and رَشَادٌ,] which is taken, i. e. swallowed, as a medicine. (Lth, JK.) شَبِيهٌ: see شِبْهٌ, in four places.

أَشْبَهُ [More, and most, like]. أَشْبَهُ مِنَ التَّمْرَةِ بِالتَّمْرَةِ [More like than the date to the date] is a prov.: and so أَشْبَهُ مِنَ المَآءِ بِالمَآءِ [More like than water to water]. (Meyd.) b2: [And More, or most, suitable. One says, هٰذَا أَشْبَهُ بِكَ This is more suitable to thee. And هٰذَا الأَشْبَهُ This is the most suitable.]

مُشَبَّهٌ: [see its verb: b2: and] see مُشْتَبِهٌ. b3: Also, applied to the plant called نَصِىّ, Becoming yellow. (TA.) مُشَبِّهٌ: [see its verb: b2: and] see مَشْتَبِهٌ.

مَشَابِهُ: see شَبَهٌ, of which it is said to be an anomalous pl. مُشْتَبِهٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. مُشْتَبِهَاتٌ, (S,) and ↓ مُشَبِّهَاتٌ, [thus agreeably with an explanation of its verb by IAar, (see 8, last sentence,)] (JK,) or أُمُورٌ مُشْتَبِهَةٌ, and ↓ مُشَبَّهَةٌ like مُعَظَّمَةٌ, (K,) Things, or affairs, that are confused or dubious [by reason of their resembling one another or from any other cause]: (JK, S, K:) [and uncertain: (see an ex. of مُشَبَّه in this sense in a verse cited voce سَنَفَ:)]

↓ مُشْتَبِهًا وَغَيْرَ مُتَشَابِه ٍ, in the Kur [vi. 99], means resembling one another so that they become confounded, or confused, or dubious, and not resembling one another &c. (TA.) مُتَشَابِهٌ Consimilar, or conformable, in its several parts: thus مُتَشَابِهًا means in the Kur xxxix. 24. (Jel.) And مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ Things like, or resembling, one another. (JK, S.) b2: See also مُشْتَبِهٌ. b3: مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ in the Kur iii. 5 means Verses that are equivocal, or ambiguous; i. e. susceptible of different interpretations: (Ksh:) or verses unintelligible; such as the commencements [of many] of the chapters: (Jel:) or the مُتَشَابِه in the Kur is that of which the meaning is not to be learned from its words; and this is of two sorts; one is that of which the meaning is known by referring it to what is termed مُحْكَم [q. v.]; and the other is that of which the knowledge of its real meaning is not attainable in any way: (TA:) or it means what is not understood without repeated con-sideration: (TA in art. فسر:) Ed-Dahhák is related to have explained المُحْكَمَاتُ as meaning “ what have not been abrogated; ” and المُتَشَابِهَاتُ as meaning what have been abrogated. (TA in the present art.)

ت

أم3 تَآءَمَ أَخَاهُ, (K, TA, [in the TT, as from the M, written تَأَمَ, and so by Golius,]) inf. n. مُتَآءَمَةٌ, (TA,) He was twinborn with his brother. (M, K, TA.) b2: تآءم, (S,) or تآءم ثَوْبًا, (M, K, TA, [in the TT, again, written تَأَمَ,]) inf. n. as above, (S, TA,) (assumed tropical:) He wove a piece of cloth of threads two and two together (S, M, K) in its warp and its woof. (K.) [See مِتْآمٌ, and see also نِيرٌ.] b3: تآءم الفَرَسُ, (K, [written by Golius تَأَمَ,]) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The horse fetched run after run. (K.) 4 أَتْأَمَتْ She (a mother, K, or a woman, S, M, Msb, and any pregnant animal, M) twinned, or brought forth two at one birth. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) A2: أَتْأَمَهَا i. q. أَفْضَاهَا [like آتَمَهَا, q. v. in art. اتم]. (S, K.) [Golius and Freytag have rendered it as though it meant أَفْضَى إِلَيْهَا.]

تِئْمٌ, whence هُوَ تِئْمُهُ: see تَوْءَمٌ.

تَئِيمٌ, whence هُوَ تَئِيمُهُ: see تَوْءَمٌ.

تُؤَامِيَّةٌ A pearl; (M, K;) so called in relation to تُؤَامٌ, (TA,) which is a town twenty leagues from the metropolis of 'Omán, (K, TA,) in the tract next the sea, (TA,) a city of 'Omán whence pearls are purchased, (M,) erroneously called by J تَوْءَمٌ, [but in one copy of the S I find it written تُوام,] and said by him to be the metropolis of 'Omán; (K;) as also ↓ تَوْءَمِيَّةٌ, (TA, [and thus it is written in copies of the S, but in one copy I find it written تُوامِيَّة,]) thought by En-Nejeeremee to be thus called in relation to the oyster-shell, because this is always what is termed تَوْءَمٌ, q. v. (TA.) تَوْءَمٌ A twin; one of two young, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and of more, (M, K,) brought forth at one birth, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) of any animals; whether a male or a female, or a male [brought forth] with a female; (M, K;) and تَوْءَمَةٌ is [also] applied to a female: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) it occurs in poetry contracted into تَوَمٌ: (M:) the pl. is تَوَائِمُ and تُؤَامٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) the latter of which is of a rare form, not without parallels, (M,) said by some to be a quasi-pl. n., and by some to be originally [تِئَامٌ,] with kesr, but the assertion of these last is condemned by AHei; (MF;) and تَوْءَمُونَ is allowable as applied to human beings: (S, TA:) you say, هُوَ تَوْءَمُهُ [in the TA, erroneously, تُؤْمُهُ, with damm,] and ↓ تِئْمُهُ and ↓ تَئِيمُهُ [in the CK تَيْئمُهُ] (Az, M, K) [meaning He is his twin-brother]: and هُمَا تَوْءَمَانِ (S, * M, Mgh, Msb * K) and تَوْءَمٌ (M, K) [They two are twin-brothers]: or تَوْءَمٌ applies only to one of the two; (Msb;) it is a mistake to say هُمَا تَوْءَمٌ and هُمَا زَوْجٌ: (Mgh:) [but see زَوْجٌ:] Lth says that تَوْءَمٌ applies to two sons, or young ones, [born] together; and that one should not say هُمَا تَوْءَمَانِ, but هُمَا تَوْءَمٌ: this, however, is a mistake: correctly, as ISk and Fr say, تَوْءَمٌ applies to one, and تَوْءَمَانِ to two. (T, TA.) It is of the measure فَوْعَلٌ, (Kh, S, IB, Msb,) in the opinion of some, (IB,) and originally وَوْءَمٌ, (Kh, T, S, IB,) like as تَوْلَجٌ is originally وَوْلَجٌ; (Kh, T, S;) from الوِئَامُ, (T, IB,) “ the being mutually near,” (T,) “ mutually agreeing,” (T, IB,) “ being mutually conformable; ” (IB;) so that it means one that agrees with, or matches, another, (IB.) b2: It is metaphorically used in relation to all things resembling one another [so that it means (tropical:) One of a pair]. (M.) A poet says, قَالَتْ لَنَا وَدَمْعُهَا تُؤَامُ كَالدُّرِّ إِذْ أَسْلَمَهُ النِّظَامُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ ارْتَحَلُوا السَّلَامُ (assumed tropical:) [She said to us, while her tears fell in pairs, or in close succession, like large pearls when the string lets them drop off, Upon those who have departed be peace]. (S.) [This citation, and what immediately follows it in the S, mentioning the pl. تَوْءَمُونَ, not تُؤَامُونَ, have been misunderstood by Golius; and Freytag has followed him in this case.] b3: التَّوْءَمُ is also [a name of] (assumed tropical:) A certain Mansion [of the Moon; namely, the Sixth; more commonly called الهَنْعَةُ;] pertaining to الجَوْزَآء

[here meaning Gemini]; (M, K;) one of two [asterisms] called تَوْءَمَانِ: (M:) التَّوْءَمَانِ is (assumed tropical:) The Sign of Gemini. (Kzw.) b4: [The pl.] تَوَائِمُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Clusters, or what are clustered together, (مَا تَشَابَكَ,) of stars, and of pearls. (M, K.) b5: And تَوْءَمَانِ, (assumed tropical:) A pair of pearls, or large pearls, for the ear: each of them is termed a تَوْءَمَة to the other. (TA.) b6: التَّوْءَمَانِ, [in the CK التَّوْءَمانُ,] (assumed tropical:) A certain small herb, (AHn, M, K,) having a fruit like cumin-seed, (AHn, M, and K in art. وأم,) and many leaves, growing in the plains, spreading long and wide, and having a yellow flower. (AHn, TA.) b7: التَّوْءَمُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The arrow of the kind used in the game called المَيْسِر: (M:) or a certain arrow of those used in that game: (K:) or the second of those arrows; (S, M, K;) said by Lh to have two notches, and to entitle to two portions [of the slaughtered camel] if successful, and to subject to the payment for two portions if unsuccessful. (M.) b8: And تَوْءَمَاتٌ, (assumed tropical:) A kind of women's vehicles [borne by camels], (T, K,) like the مَشَاجِر, (T, TA,) erroneously said in the copies of the K to be like the مَشَاجِب, (TA,) having no coverings, or canopies: the sing. is تَوْءَمَةٌ. (T, K.) تَوْءَمِيَّةٌ: see تُؤَامِيَّةٌ.

مُتْئِمٌ Twinning, or bringing forth two at one birth; (S, M, Msb, K;) applied to a mother, (K,) or a woman, (S, M, Msb,) and to any pregnant animal; (M;) without ة. (Msb.) مِتْآمٌ Accustomed to twin, or bring forth two at one birth; (S, M, K;) applied to a mother, (K,) or a woman, (S, M,) and to any pregnant animal: (M:) pl. مَتَائِيمُ. (Har p. 613.) b2: Hence, (Har ubi suprà,) ثَوْبٌ مِتْآمٌ, (S, Har,) or ↓ مُتَآءَمٌ, (TA, PS,) [both app. correct,] (assumed tropical:) A piece of cloth woven of threads two and two together in its warp and its woof. (S, Har, TA.) b3: Hence, also, أَبْيَاتٌ مَتَائِيمُ (tropical:) Verses consisting of words in pairs whereof each member resembles the other in writing. (Har ubi suprà.) [See also مُتَوْءَمٌ.]

مُتَآءَمٌ: see مِتْآمٌ.

فَرَسٌ مُتَائِمٌ (assumed tropical:) A horse fetching, or that fetches, run after run. (S, M.) تَجْنِيسٌ مُتَوْءَمٌ (assumed tropical:) The using two words resembling each other in writing but not in expression; as in the saying, غَرَّكَ عِزُّكَ فَصَارَ قُصَارُ ذٰلِكَ ذُلَّكَ فَاخْشَ فَاحِشَ فِعْلِكَ فَعَلَّكَ تُهْدَا بِهٰذَا [Thy might, or elevated rank, hath deceived thee, and the end of that has become thine ignominy: fear then thine exorbitant deed, and may-be thou wilt be made to follow a right course by this]. (Har p. 269.)

تبع

1 تَبِعَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. تَبَعٌ (S, Msb, K) and تَبَاعَةٌ, (S, K,) He followed; or went, or walked, behind, or after; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) him, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or it; namely, a people, or company of men: (S:) or [in the CK “ and ”] he went with him, or it, when the latter had passed by him: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ signifies the same; (Lth, S, K *) and so does ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ: (Lth, Mgh, K:) or ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ signifies I overtook them, they having gone before me; (Fr, * A'Obeyd, S, Msb, * K;) as also تَبِعْتُهُمْ: (Fr, K:) Akh says that تَبِعْتُهُ and ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ signify the same: and hence the saying in the Kur [xxxvii. 10], شِهَابٌ ثَاقِبٌ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ [and a shooting star piercing the darkness by its light overtaketh him]: (S:) and the saying in the same [vii. 174], ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ and the devil overtook him: (TA:) and the saying in the same [xx. 81], فِرْعَوْنُ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ بِجُنُودِهِ and Pharaoh overtook them with his troops: or almost did so: (Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or this signifies made his troops to follow them; (TA;) the ب, accord. to some, being redundant: (Bd:) or ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ signifies he followed his footsteps; and sought him, following him: (TA:) but ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُمْ signifies he went [after them, or followed them,] when they had passed by him; as also تَبِعَهُمْ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ: you say, ↓ حَتَّى أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ ↓ مَا زِلْتُ أَتَّبِعُهُمْ, i. e. [I ceased not to follow them] until I overtook them: (A'Obeyd:) Fr says that ↓ أَتْبَعَ is better than ↓ اِتَّبَعَ; for the latter signifies he went behind, or after, him, when the latter person was going along; but when you say, ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ, it is as though [you meant that] you followed his footsteps: (TA:) and ↓ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا ↓ اِتَّبَعَ [as in the L and TA, but perhaps a mistake for ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] signifies also he followed him, desiring to do evil to him; like as Pharaoh followed Moses: (L, TA:) some say, تَبِعْتُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تُبُوعٌ, meaning I went after the thing: and تَبِعَ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ and تَبَاعٌ, (assumed tropical:) [he followed the thing] in respect of actions: (L, TA:) you say, تَبِعَ الإِمَامَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Imám [by doing as he did]: (Msb:) [but in this last sense, more commonly,] one says, ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) he did like as he [another] did: (TA:) and القُرْآنَ ↓ اِتَّبَعَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Kurán as his guide; did according to what is in it: (TA:) and you say also, عَلَى الأَمْرِ ↓ تَابَعَهُ; (Msb;) or على كَذَا, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ and تِبَاعٌ; (S;) (assumed tropical:) [he followed him, or imitated him, in the affair;] (Msb;) he followed him, or imitated him, in doing such a thing: (PS:) [but this last phrase has another meaning: see 3.] In the saying, لَا يُتْبَعُ بِنَارٍ إِلَى القَبْرِ, [in which the verb may be pass. of تَبِعَ or of ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] or, accord. to one relation, ↓ لا يُتَّبَعُ, each in the pass. form, [Fire shall not be made to follow to the grave, though it may be rendered one shall not follow with fire to the grave, it is said that] the ب is to render the verb transitive. (Mgh.) b2: تَبِعْتُ الرَّجُلَ بِحَقِّى; and بِهِ ↓ تَابَعْتُهُ, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ [and probably تبَاعٌ also]; and به ↓ اِتَّبَعْتُهُ; I prosecuted, or sued, the man for my right, or due. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [ii. 173], بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ↓ فَاتِّبَاعٌ means [Then] prosecution for the bloodwit [shall be made with lenity]. (TA.) b3: تَبِعَ, of which the aor. ـَ occurs in a trad., [see 4,] (Mgh, TA,) pronounced by the relaters of trads. with teshdeed, [↓ يَتَّبِع,] (TA,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) He accepted a reference from his debtor to another for the payment of what was owed to him. (Mgh, TA. *) 2 تَبَّعَ اللّٰهُ لِفُلَانٍ, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ, May God make a thing to be followed by another thing to such a one, is said in relation to good and to evil; like سَبَّعَ لَهُ. (TA in art. سبع.) A2: See also 5.3 تِبَاعٌ [and مُتَابَعَةٌ, the inf. ns. of تَابَعَ,] i. q. وِلَآءٌ [The making a consecution, or succession, of one to the other, بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ between two things, or affairs: and the making consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like: see 6]. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., تَابِعُوا بَيْنَ الحَجِّ والعُمْرَةِ [Make ye a consecution between the حجّ and the عمرة; meaning make ye the performance of the حجّ and that of the عمرة to be consecutive]; (TA;) i. e. when ye perform the حجّ, then perform ye the عمرة; and when ye perform the عمرة, then perform ye the حجّ: or when ye perform either of these, then perform ye after it the other, without any length of time [intervening]: but the former [meaning] is the more obvious. (Marginal note in a copy of the Jámi'-es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee.) And you say, تَابِعْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى الخَيْرَاتِ (assumed tropical:) Make thou us to be followers, or imitators, of them in excellencies. (TA.) And تابع الأَغَانِىَّ [He sang songs consecutively, successively, or uninterruptedly]. (S and K in art. جر.) And تابع إِسْقَاطَهُ [He made it to fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down, in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط: in the CK اَسْقاطَهُ.) And تابع الفَرَسُ الجَرْىَ (assumed tropical:) [The horse prosecuted, or continued, the course, or running, uninterruptedly]. (K voce هَلَبَ; &c.) And هُوَ يَتَابِعُ الحَدِيثَ (tropical:) He carries on the narrative, or discourse, by consecutive progressions, or uninterruptedly: or, as Z says, pursues it, or carries it on, well. (TA.) [See also a similar phrase in what here follows.] b2: تابع القَوْسَ He pared, or trimmed, the bow well, giving to each part thereof what was its due. (K, TA.) Skr says that the phrase تُوبِعَ بَرْيُهَا, used by Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhalee in describing a bow, means The paring, or trimming, of which has been executed with uniformity, part after part. (TA.) b3: Hence, (TA,) the saying of Abu-l-Wákid ElLeythee, (S, TA,) in a trad., (S,) تَابَعْنَا الأَعْمَالَ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ شَيْئًا أَبْلَغَ فِى طَلَبِ الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ فِى

الدُّنْيَا (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) We have practised works with diligence, and acquired a sound knowledge of them, [and we have not found anything more efficacious in the pursuit of the blessings of the world to come than abstinence in respect of the enjoyments of the present world.] (S, * TA.) Yousay also, تابع عَمَلَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He made his work sound, or free from defect: (Kr, S:) and in like manner, كَلَامَهُ his language, or speech. (Kr.) b4: [Hence also,] تابع المَرْعَى الإِبِلَ (tropical:) The pasture fattened the camels well and thoroughly. (K, TA.) b5: تابعهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He aided, assisted, or helped, him to do the thing, or affair. (TA.) b6: See also 1, where another meaning of the same phrase is mentioned, in the latter half of the paragraph. b7: تَابَعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى: see 1, near the end of the paragraph.4 اتبعهُ: see 1, from the beginning nearly to the end.

A2: Also He made him to follow; or to overtake: (S, K:) he made him to be a follower: (Mgh, Msb:) or he urged him, or induced him, to be a follower. (Mgh.) You say, [making the verb doubly trans.,] أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ غَيْرِى [I made them to follow, or overtake, another, not myself]. (K.) and أَتْبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ فَتَبِعَهُ [I made him to follow, or overtake, the thing, and he followed it, or overtook it]. (S.) And أَتْبَعْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا I made Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr: (Mgh, Msb:) or I urged, or induced, Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr. (Mgh.) And أَتْبَعَهُ نَفْسَهُ مُتَحَسِّرًا عَلَى مَا فَاتَ (assumed tropical:) [He made his mind, or desire, to follow after it, regretting what had passed away]. (TA in art. عجز.) [See also 10.] It is said in a prov., (TA,) أَتْبِعِ الفَرَسَ لِجَامَهَا [Make thou its bit and bridle to follow the horse]: or النَّاقَةَ زِمَامَهَا [her nose-rein, the she-camel]: or الدَّلْوَ رِشَآءَهَا [its rope, the bucket]: used in bidding to complete a favour, or benefaction: (K, TA:) A'Obeyd says, I think the meaning of the first prov. to be, Thou hast liberally given the horse, and the bit and bridle are a smaller matter; therefore satisfy thou completely the want, seeing that the horse is not without need of the bit and bridle. (TA.) b2: Hence the trad., مَنْ أُتْبِعَ عَلَى مَلِىْءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ (tropical:) Whoso is referred, for the payment of what is owed to him, to a solvent man, let him accept the reference: (Mgh, TA: *) [see also 1, last meaning:] the verb being made trans. by means of على because it conveys the meaning of إِحَالَةٌ. (Mgh.) You say [also], أُتْبِعَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one was referred, for the payment of what was owed to him, to such a one. (S, TA.) And أَتْبَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He referred him, for the payment of what was owed to him, to him. (TA.) b3: [See also إِتْبَاعٌ, below.]5 تتبّعهُ, inf. n. تَتَبُّعٌ, (Lth, S, Msb, * K,) for which ↓ اِتِّبَاعٌ is used by El-Kutámee, tropically, (S,) or, accord. to Sb, because the same in meaning; (TA;) and ↓ تبعّه, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ; (S, K; *) He pursued it; investigated it; examined it; hunted after it; prosecuted a search after it; made successive, or repeated, endeavours to attain it, to reach it, or to obtain it; or sought it, sought for it, or sought after it, successively, time after time, or repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, by degrees, gradually, step by step, bit by bit, or one thing after another, (Lth, S, * Msb, K, * TA,) following after it. (S.) Hence the saying of Zeyd Ibn-Thábit, respecting the collecting of the Kur-án, فَعَلِقْتُ أَتَتَبَّعُهُ مِنَ اللِّخَافِ وَالعُسُبِ [and I set myself to seeking to collect it successively, &c., from the thin white stones and the leafless palm-branches upon which it was written]. (TA.) And تتبّع البِلَادَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ [He investigated the countries, going forth from land to land]. (S and K in art. قرى.) And فُلَانٌ يَتَتَبَّعُ

أَثَرَ فُلَانٍ [Such a one pursues, &c., the track of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَسَاوِىَ فُلَانٍ [He seeks successively, &c., to discover the vices, faults, or evil qualities or actions, of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَدَاقَّ الأُمُورِ وَنَحْوَ ذٰلِكَ [He pursues small, or little, affairs; and the like thereof: or he seeks successively, &c., to obtain a knowledge of the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscuri-ties, of things, or affairs; and the like thereof]. (TA.) And تتبّع الحَبْلَ [He took successive holds of the rope]: said of a man descending from a part of a mountain such as is termed شِيق, by means of a rope tied to that part, to a place in which honey was deposited. (TA in art. شيق.) 6 تتابع It was, or became, consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like; syn. تَوَالَى. (K.) Yousay, تتابع سُقُوطُهُ [Its falling, falling down, dropping, dropping down, or tumbling down, was, or became, consecutive, &c.; i. e. it fell, fell down, &c., in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط.) And تتابع القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, followed one another. (Msb.) and تَتَابَعَتِ الأَشْيَآءُ, and الأَمْطَارُ, and الأُمُورُ, The things, and the rains, and the events, came one after another, each following near upon another. (Lth.) And it is said in a trad., تَتَابَعَتْ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ سِنُو جَدْبٍ [Years of dearth, drought, or sterility, came consecutively upon Kureysh]. (TA.) b2: تتابع الفَرَسُ (tropical:) The horse ran evenly, not raising one of his limbs [above its fellow]. (TA.) b3: تتابعت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels became fat and goodly. (TA.) 8 إِتَّبَعَ see 1, throughout: and see also 5.10 استتبعهُ He desired, or demanded, of him that he should follow him: (TA:) or he made him to follow him. (L.) [See also 4.]

تِبْعٌ A follower of women: (Lh, * Az:) or a passionate lover, and follower, of a woman, (K,) whithersoever she goes: (TA:) and with ة, of a man: (Lh:) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ a sedulous seeker of women. (K.) [See تَابِعٌ.] You say also, هُوَ تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ, meaning He is a follower of women: and تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٌ one in whom is no good, and with whom is no good: or, accord. to Th, you only say تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ. (TA.) b2: هٰذَا تِبْعُ هٰذَا This is what follows this. (M in art. تلو.) b3: See also تَبِيعٌ, in two places.

تَبَعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, in six places.

رَجُلٌ تُبَعٌ لِلْكَلَامِ A man who makes his speech consecutive, one part to another. (Yoo, K. *) بَقَرَةٌ تَبْعَى A cow desiring [and therefore following] the bull. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) تَبِعَةٌ and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ signify the same; (T, S, O, L, K;) [The consequence of an action: and] a claim which one seeks to obtain for an injury, or injurious treatment, and the like: (T, O, L, K; and so the Msb in explanation of the former word:) the former is also explained as signifying a right, or due, annexed to property, claimed from the possessor of the property: (L:) pl. [of the former]

تَبِعَاتٌ and [of the latter] تِبَاعَاتٌ. (TA.) A poet says, زَمَنَ التَّقَحُّمِ وَالمَجَاعَهْ أَكَلَتْ حَنِيفَةُ رَبَّهَا

↓ سُوْءَ العَوَاقِبِ وَالتِّبَاعَهْ لَمْ يَحْذَرُوا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ [Haneefeh ate their lord, in the time of experiencing dearth, or drought, or sterility, and hunger: they did not fear, from their lord, the evil of the results, and the consequence of their action]: for they had taken to themselves a god consisting of حَيْس, [i. e. dates mixed with clarified butter and the preparation of milk called أَقِط, kneaded together,] and worshipped it for some time; then famine befell them, and they ate it. (S.) And one says, مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللّٰهِ فِى هٰذَا تَبِعَةٌ, and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ, There is not, against him, on the part of God, in this, any claim on account of wrong-doing. (TA.) تَبِيعٌ [One who is prosecuted, or sued, for a right, or due; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from تَبِعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى;] one who owes property to another, (S, K, TA,) and whom the latter prosecutes, or sues, for it. (TA.) A2: The young one of a cow in the first year; (S, Msb, K;) so says Aboo-Fak'as El-Asadee: (TA:) or that is a year old; (Az, Mgh, TA;) not so called until he has completed the year; erroneously said by Lth to signify a calf ripening to his perfect state: (Az, TA:) thus called because he yet follows his mother; (Mgh, Msb;) the word in this sense being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ تِبْعٌ signifies the same: (TA:) fem. of the former with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. تِبَاعٌ and تَبَائِعٌ; (AA, S, O, K;) both pls. of تَبِيعٌ; (AA, S, O;) or the former is pl. of تَبِيعَةٌ; (Msb;) and the pl. of تَبِيعٌ is أَتْبِعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]; (L, Msb;) and أَتَابِعُ and أَتَابِيعُ, the latter of which is extr., are pls. of أَتْبِعَةٌ: (L:) the pl. of ↓ تِبْعٌ in the abovementioned sense is أَتْبَاعٌ. (TA.) Accord. to EshShaabee, (IF,) One whose horns and ears are equal [in length]: (IF, K:) but this is a judicial explanation; not deduced from the rules of lexicology. (IF.) b2: I. q. ↓ تَابِعٌ [as signifying One who prosecutes, or sues, for a right, or due; and particularly for blood-revenge]. (S, K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xvii. 71], ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ تَبِيعًا Then ye shall not find for you any to prosecute for blood-revenge, nor any to sue, against us therein: (Fr. S, K:) or ye shall not find for you any to sue us for the disallowing of what hath befallen you, nor for our averting it from you: (Zj:) [or any aider against us; for]

تَبِيعٌ also signifies an aider; and especially against an enemy. (Lth, K.) b3: See also تَابِعٌ, latter half.

تِبَاعَةٌ: see تَبِعَةٌ, in three places.

تُبَّعٌ An appellation of each of the Kings of El-Yemen (S, K) who possessed Himyer and Hadramowt, (K, TA,) and, as some add, Sebà; (TA;) but not otherwise; (K, TA;) and the like of this is said in the 'Eyn: (TA:) so called because they followed one another; whenever one died, another took his place, following him in his course of acting: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِعَةٌ, (S, K,) with ة added as having the meaning of a rel. n.; [as though it were pl. of تُبَّعِىٌّ, like as حَنَابِلَةٌ is pl. of حَنْبَلِىٌّ;] erroneously written in some of the copies of the K تتابعة: (TA:) the تبابعة of Himyer were like the أَكَاسِرَة of the Persians and the قَيَاصِرَة of the Romans. (Lth.) In the Kur xliv. 36, it is said in a trad. to mean a particular king, who was a believer, and whose people were unbelievers. (Zj.) b2: And hence, (TA,) A species of the يَعَاسِيب [or kings of the bees], (K,) the greatest and most beautiful thereof, whom the other bees follow: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِيعُ; (K;) in the L, تَتَابِعُ [which is probably a mistranscription for تَبَابِعُ]. (TA.) b3: A species of طَيْر [which means any flying things, as well as birds; and may therefore, perhaps, be meant to indicate what next precedes]. (S.) b4: The shade, or shadow; (S, K;) because it follows the sun; as also ↓ تُبُّعٌ. (K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Soadà El-Juhaneeyeh, (TA,) or Selmà El-Juhaneeyeh, (marginal note in a copy of the S,) bewailing her brother, As'ad, يَرِدُ المِيَاهُ حَضِيرَةٌ وَنَفِيضَةً

وِرْدَ القَطَاةِ إِذَا اسْمَأَلَّ التُّبَّعُ (S) [He comes to the waters when people are dwelling, or staying, there, (but see حَضِيرَةٌ,) and when no one is there, as the bird called katáh comes to water] when the shade has become contracted at mid-day: or, accord. to Aboo-Leylà, the meaning is, the shade of night; i. e., this man comes to the waters in the last part of the night, before any one: though it means also the shade of day-time: (TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, the meaning here is [the star, or asterism, called] الدَّبَرَان; and this is very probably correct; for the bird above mentioned comes to the waters by night, and seldom by day; and hence the saying, أَدَلُّ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ. (Az, TA.) See تَابِعٌ. b5: See also تِبْعٌ. b6: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ تُبَّعٍ هُوَ I know not who of men he is. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b7: تُبَّعٌ is also a pl. of تَابِعٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) تُبُّعٌ: see تُبَّعٌ.

تَبُّوعُ الشَّمْسِ A certain wind, (K, TA,) also called النُّكَيْبَآءُ, (TA,) which blows (K, TA) in the early morning, (TA,) with the rising of the sun, (K, TA,) from the direction of the wind called الصَّبَا, unaccompanied by rising clouds, (TA,) and veers round through the various places whence winds blow until it returns to the place from which blows the wind called الصبا, (K, TA,) whence it commenced in the early morning: (TA:) the Arabs dislike it. (Z, TA.) تَابِعٌ Following; a follower: (TA:) and ↓ تَبَعٌ also signifies the same as تَابِعٌ; (K;) a thing that follows in the track of a thing; (Lth, Az;) or that is at the kinder, or latter, part of anything; (TA;) but is used alike as sing. and pl.: (S, Msb, K:) the pl. of تَابِعٌ is تُبَّعٌ and تُبَّاعٌ (TA) [and, applied to rational beings, تَابِعُونَ]: and the pl. of ↓ تَبَعٌ is أَتْبَاعٌ; (S, K;) or this may be used as a pl. of تَبَعٌ; (Msb;) or it is pl. of تَابِعٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is pl. of خَادِمٌ, (Kr, Mgh,) and طَلَبٌ of طَالِبٌ, &c.; (K;) or, correctly speaking, it is a quasi-pl. n. (Sb, TA.) You say, ↓ المُصَلِّى تَبَعٌ لاِمَامِهِ [The person praying is a follower of his Imám]: and النَّاسُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ [The people are followers of him]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [xiv. 24, and xl. 50], ↓ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا [Verily we were followers of you]: (S, TA:) in which the last word may be a quasi-pl. n. of تَابِعٌ; or it may be an inf. n., meaning ذَوِى تَبَعٍ. (TA.) ↓ تَبَعٌ is applied as an epithet to the legs of a beast: (Lth, T:) and is also used as [an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] signifying The legs of a beast. (K.) b2: A jinnee, or genie, that accompanies a woman and follows her whithersoever she goes, (K, TA,) loving her: (TA:) and تَابِعَةٌ a jinneeyeh, or female genie, that does the same to a man: (S, * K, TA:) or the ة is added in the latter to give intensiveness to the signification, or to denote evilness of nature, or to convey the meaning of دَاهِيَةٌ, q. v.: the pl. is تَوَابِعُ: and this means female associates. (TA.) b3: A servant; as also ↓ تَبِيعٌ. (TA.) أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِى الإِرْبَةِ, in the Kur [xxiv. 31], accord. to Th, means Or the servants of the husband, such as the old man who is perishing by reason of age, and the aged woman. (TA.) b4: See also تَبِيعٌ. b5: [Also One next in the order of time after the صَحَابَة; like ↓ تَابِعِىٌّ. b6: And in grammar, An appositive.] b7: تَابِعُ النَّجْمِ [The follower of the asterism; i. e., of the Pleiades;] a name of الدَّبَرَان [the Hyades; or the five chief stars thereof; or the brightest star among them, a of Taurus]: this name being given to it as ominous of good; (K;) or as ominous of evil: (O:) or so called because it follows the Pleiades: (T:) also called التَّابِعُ, (T in art. دبر, Sh, IB, and others,) and ↓ تُوَيْبِعٌ, (K,) which is the dim., (TA,) or التُّوَيْبِعُ, (T in art. دبر,) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ, (K,) or التُّبَّعُ [q. v.], (Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, T,) and ↓ التَّبَعُ, (IB, Z,) and التَّالِى, and الحَادِى, (IB,) or حادى النُّجُومِ , (S in art. جدح ,) or حادى النَّجْمِ . (Kzw and others.) [See also المِجْدَحُ.]

تَابِعِىٌّ: see تَابِعٌ.

تُوَيْبِعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, last sentence.

إِتْبَاعٌ in language is when one says the like of حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ (S, K) and قَبِيحٌ شَقِيحٌ: (S:) The putting, after a word, an imitative sequent, i. e. another word similar to the former in measure or in its رَوِىّ, by way of pleonasm, or for fulness of expression, and for corroboration; (Mz 28th نوع, and Kull p. 11;) the latter word being one not used alone, and having no meaning by itself, as in بسَنٌَ حَسَنٌ; or being one which has a meaning of its own, as in هَنِيْئًا مَرِيْئًا . (Kull ubi suprà.) b2: [Also The latter of such two words; i. e. an imitative sequent. b3: And used in the former sense, as an inf. n., it denotes various other kinds of assimilation, i. e., of one word to another preceding or following it, and of one vowel to another preceding or following it in the same word.]

مُتْبِعٌ She who has with her children, or young ones: (Lh:) or a ewe, or she-goat, and a cow, and a girl, having her offspring following her: (K:) or a cow having a تَبِيع, q. v.: and IB mentions also مُتْبِعَةٌ as signifying the same: and a female servant followed by her offspring whither she comes and goes. (TA.) مَتْبُوعٌ [pass. part. n. of 1. b2: In grammar, The antecedent of a تَابِع, i. e., of an appositive.]

مُتَابَعٌ (assumed tropical:) Anything made, or executed, soundly, thoroughly, well, or so as to be free from defect. (K, * TA.) مُتَتَابِعٌ Consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like. (TA.) You say لُؤْلُؤٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ Pearls following one another, or doing so in uninterrupted order. (TA.) And صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ The fasting of two consecutive months. (TA.) b2: غُصْنٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ (tropical:) An even, or a uniform, branch, in which are no knots. (K, * TA.) And فَرَسٌ مُتَتَابِعُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A horse symmetrical in make, (A, K,) justly proportioned in his limbs or parts. (A, TA.) and رَجُلٌ مُتَتَابِعُ العِلْمِ (tropical:) A man whose knowledge is uniform, consistent, without incongruity. (K, * TA.)

ترج

تُرُنْجٌ and تُرُنْجَةٌ: see what follows.

أُتْرُجُّ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the most chaste of the forms here mentioned, (Az, Msb, MF, TA,) a pl., (AHát, MF, TA,) [or rather a coll. gen. n.,] and ↓ تُرُنْجٌ, (Az, S, Msb, K, &c.,) [which is Persian,] a dial. var. of weak authority, (Msb,) by some disallowed, (MF, TA,) used by the vulgar, (TA,) the ن in which is by common consent held to be augmentative, (MF, TA,) likewise a pl., (TA,) [or coll. gen. n.,] and ↓ أُتْرُنْجٌ, mentioned by Ibn-Hishám El-Lakhmee, in his Faseeh, and also used by the vulgar, (TA,) and by some of the people of Hims, (Lth cited in the L voce حَظٌّ, q. v.,) [and this is likewise a coll. gen. n.,] and أُتْرُجَّةٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) which is the sing. of the first, (AHát, MF, TA,) or its n. un., (L, Msb,) also pronounced أُتْرُجَةٌ, without teshdeed, (TA,) and ↓ تُرُنْجَةٌ, (Az, S, L, &c.,) likewise a n. un., (L,) A certain fruit, (Msb,) well known, (L, Msb, K,) plentiful in the land of the Arabs, but not growing wild, (L, TA,) [of the species citrus medica, or citron; of which there are two varieties in Egypt; one, of the form of the lemon, but larger, there called تُرُنْج بَلَدِىّ; the other, ribbed, and called تُرُنْج مُصَبَّع: accord. to Golius, citrons of a large size, which have a sweeter peel than others, and are of a size nearly equal to that of a melon:] the sour sort allays the lust of women, clears the complexion, and removes the [discoloration of the face termed]

كَلَف, (K, TA,) that arises from phlegm; (TA;) the peel thereof, put among clothes, preserves them from the moth-worm: (K, TA:) it is also beneficial as an antidote against the various kinds of poison; the smelling it in times of plague, or pestilence, is beneficial in the highest degree; and jinn, or genii, do not enter the house in which it is; wherefore a reciter of the Kur-án is appropriately likened to it: (TA:) the pl. of أُتْرُجَّةٌ is أُتْرُجَّاتٌ as well as أُتْرُجٌّ: [or rather the latter is a coll. gen. n., as stated above:] but one should not say تُرُنْجَاتٌ [app. because it is vulgar; for it is agreeable with analogy as pl. of تُرُنْجَةٌ; as is also أُتْرُنْجَاتٌ as pl. of ↓ أُتْرُنْجَةٌ]. (AHát, MF, TA.) أُتْرُنْجٌ and أُتْرُنْجَةٌ: see above.