نير

1 نَارَ الثَّوْبَ, aor. ـِ (T, S, M, A, K,) inf. n. نَيْرٌ; (T, M, K;) and ↓ نيّرهُ, (T, M, A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَنْيِيرٌ; (T;) and ↓ انارهُ, (T. S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and هَنَارَهُ, (S, M, TA,) like

أَرَاقَ and هَرَاقَ, (S,) aor. of the latter يُهَنِيرُهُ (M, TA,) inf. n. إِهْنَارَةٌ, (M,) or هِنَارَةٌ; (TA ??) He made, or put, to the piece of cloth a نير; (T, S, M, K;) i. e., an عَلَم [or ornamental border]; (T, S, * M, * A, Mgh, K, * TA;) syn. أَعْلَمَهُ: (A:) and a woof; (S, * A, Mgh, TA; *) syn أَلْحَمَهُ; (A;) contr. of أَسْدَاهُ and سَدَّاهُ (Mgh.) b2: هُوَ يُسَدِّى الأُمُورَ وَيُنِيرُهَا (A ???) يُسْدِى (TA) (tropical:) [He commences things, or affairs, and completes them].2 نَيَّرَ see 1.4 انارهُ and هَنَارَهُ: see 1, throughout.

نَيْرٌ: see نِيرٌ.

نِيرٌ The عَلَم [or ornamental border] of a piece of cloth: (T, S, M, A, K:) pl. أَنْيَارٌ. (M, K) It is related that 'Omar disliked it, (TA,) and that he forbade it. (T, TA.) b2: Hence, (tropical:) The side (طُرَّة) of a road: (T:) or the side (جَانِب) and wide or widening part (صَدْر), of a road. (so in some copies of the K, and in the TA: but in some copies of the former, “or ” is put in the place of “ and: ”) or the conspicuous part of a road: (S:) or the conspicuous furrowed part of a road. (M, A, K.) b3: The unwoven end (هُدْب) of a piece of cloth. (Ibn-Keysán, M, K) b4: The woof of a piece of cloth. (T, S, A, Mgh, K.) When cloth is woven with a double woof, (عَلَى نِيرَيْنِ,) it is more close in texture and more lasting. (S.) ثَوْبٌ ذُو نِيرَيْنِ signifies A piece of cloth strongly woven, with a double woof: (A:) or a piece of cloth woven with double thread: (T:) and [in like manner] ↓ ثَوْبٌ مُنَيَّرٌ a piece of cloth woven with a double woof; (Lh, M, K;) i. e., with a double thread: (TA:) also called دَيَابُوذ, (T, TA,) an arabicized word; (TA;) in Persian دُوْ پُودْ, or دُوْ بُودْ, (as in different copies of the K,) or دُوْ بَافْ. (T.) This mode of weaving is termed مُتَآءَمَهٌ, which is the making the woof of a double thread, and putting two threads together upon the حَفَّة [which here means the yarn-beam, on which the warp is rolled]. (T.) b5: Hence, نَاقَةٌ دَاتُ نِيرَيْنِ (tropical:) A she-camel having an accession of fat upon former fat: (T:) or having, upon her, layers (صَحَائِف) of fat; as also ذَاتُ أَنْيَارٍ: (A:) or advanced in years, yet having some remains of strength; (M, K;) and sometimes the epithet is applied in like manner to a woman: (M:) and نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ أَنْيَارٍ a she-camel having thick flesh. (TS.) Also, رَجُلٌ ذُو نِيرَيْنِ (tropical:) A man whose strength is double the strength of his companion: (S:) or strong and firm. (A.) And رَأَىٌ ذُو نِيرَيْنِ (tropical:) Right opinion or counsel. (A.) And حَرْبٌ ذَاتُ نِيرَيْنِ (tropical:) Violent war. (T, A.) A2: The canes (قَصَب) and threads (خُيُوطَة) [in a loom], when they are put together: (M, K:) [it is a coll. gen. n., of which the n. un. is with ة, as appears from what here follows:] ↓ نِيرَةٌ is a subst., signifying the threads and canes, (خُيُوطَة and قَصَبَة, [or warp and, app., cane-roll, on which the warp is rolled when put into the loom, and from which it is gradually unrolled as the work proceeds,] when they are put together: when they are separate, the threads are called خُيُوطَةٌ; and the cane, قَصَبَةٌ, or, if a staff, عَصًا: (Az, Sh, T:) نِيرَةٌ is also explained as signifying one of the implements of the weaver, with which he weaves; namely, the transverse piece of wood [in the loom; the same as is described above]. (T.) In the following verse of an unknown poet, ↓ تَقْسِمُ أُسْتِيًّا لَهَا بِنَيْرِ وَتَضْرِبُ النَّاقُوسَ وَسْطَ الدَّيْرِ

[She divides warp that she has with cane-rolls, and beats the nákoos in the midst of the convent], the author may mean بِنِيرٍ, and may have altered the word by necessity; or ↓ نَيْرٌ may be a dial. form of نِيرُ. (M.) One says of a man who neither harms nor profits, مَا أَنْتَ بِسَتَاةٍ وَلَا لُحْمَةٍ

وَلَا نِيرَةٍ (tropical:) [lit. Thou art not a warp nor a woof nor a cane-roll]. (T.) [See also a similar saying voce حَفَّةٌ.]

A3: [The yoke of a bull; the piece of wood that is upon the neck of the bull, together with its apparatus: (M, K:) or the piece of wood that is placed transversely upon the necks of the two bulls (T, S) yoked together for ploughing: (T:) called نِيرُ الفَدَّانِ: (S:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْيَارٌ and [of mult.] نِيرَانٌ: (S, M, K:) of the dial. of Syria. (M.) نِيرَةٌ: see نِيرٌ.

مُنِيرٌ act. part. n. of 4: see 1. b2: [Hence the saying,] لَسْتَ فِى هذَا الأَمْرِ بِمُنِيرٍ وَلَا مُلْحِمٍ (tropical:) [Thou art not in this affair a commencer nor a finisher: or a person who will do harm nor one who will profit]. (TA.) مُنَيَّرٌ: see نِيرٌ. b2: (tropical:) A skin that is thick (A, K, TA) and strong, (TA,) like a piece of cloth with a double woof. (A, TA.) مُهْنَارٌ, for مُنَارٌ, pass. part. n. of 4. (Ks, Lh, M.)

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

نقص

1 نَقَصَ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. نُقْصَانٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and نَقْصٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or the former of these two only, the latter being the inf. n. of the trans. verb, (MS,) and نَقِيصَةٌ (M) and تَنْقَاصٌ, (K,) [which last is an intensive form,] said of a thing, (S, M,) intrans., (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) It lost somewhat, decreased, diminished, lessened, wasted, waned, or became defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after having been whole or complete or perfect: (IKtt, Msb, TA:) or he, or it, lost, or suffered loss or diminution, (A, K,) with respect to lot or portion: (K:) and ↓ انتقص signifies the same; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) and so does ↓ تنقّص; (TK, [probably from the TA,] art. أَفن;) and so does ↓ تناقص: (TA:) [or this last signifies it lost somewhat, decreased, &c., gradually; contr. of تزايد.] It is said in a trad., (Mgh,) شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ, (Mgh, K,) i. e. Ramadán and Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh,) meaning, Two months of festival are not defective virtually (فِى الحُكْمِ) though they be defective in number [of days]; (K;) i. e. let no doubt occur in your hearts when ye fast nine and twenty days [instead of thirty]; nor if there happen a mistake respecting the day of the pilgrimage, will there be any deficiency in your performance of the rites thereof: (TA:) or, as some say, two months of festival will not be defective in one and the same year; but Et-Taháwee disapproves of this explanation: some say that the meaning is, that though they be defective, or one of them be so, yet their recompense will be complete. (Mgh.) It is also said in a trad., إِنَّ العَمَلَ فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ لَا يَنْقُصُ ثَوَابُهُ عَمَّا فِى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ [Verily the deed that is done on the tenth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, the recompense thereof will not fall short of that which is in the month of Ramadán: for نَقَصَ عَنْ كَذَا means It fell short of such a thing.] (Mgh.) [On the expression فِى النُّقْصَانِ, as used in grammar, see غَفِيرٌ.]

A2: نَقَصَهُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ, (MS,) [and accord. to the TK تَنْقَاصٌ and نُقْصَانٌ also, which last, however, is said in the MS to be an inf. n. of the intrans. verb only,] He made it to lose somewhat, decreased it, diminished it, curtailed it, lessened it, wasted it, impaired it, took from it, or made it defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after it had been whole or complete or perfect; (Msb;) he made it (i. e. a share, or portion) defective or deficient: (K:) [the pronoun often relates to a man: see an ex. in art. ضوز, and another in art. وكس:] this is the [most] chaste form of the verb, and is that which occurs in the Kur.: (Msb:) ↓ انقصهُ also signifies the same; (M, Msb, K;) and so does ↓ نقّصهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَنْقِيصٌ: (TA:) but these two are of weak authority, and do not occur in chaste language: (Msb:) and ↓ انتقصهُ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or this last signifies he took from it by little and little; as also ↓ تنقّصهُ. (M, * TA [in the latter of which this is plainly said of both of the last two verbs; but in the M, it seems rather to be said of تنقّصه only.]) [See an ex. of the verb followed by من voce طَرَفٌ. You say also, نَقَصَ مِنْهُ كَذَا He cut off from it such a thing.]

b2: نَقَصَ is doubly trans.: (Msb:) you say نَقَصَهُ حَقَّهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ; (A, Mgh;) and in like manner, حَقَّهُ ↓ انتقصهُ; (M, A, * Mgh, * TA; *) He diminished, or impaired, to him his right, or due; endamaged him; or made him to suffer loss, or damage, or detriment, in respect of it; curtailed him, abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of a portion of it; (Msb, * TA;) contr. of أَوْفَاهُ: (TA:) [and he abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of it altogether; for نَقَصَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ signifies sometimes He deprived him of his family and his property altogether: as appears from the following ex.:] نُقِصَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَبَقِىَ فَرْدًا [He was deprived of his family and his property, and remained alone]. (T, art. وتر.) الحَقِّ ↓ اِنْتِقَاصُ also signifies The denying, or disacknowledging, the right, or due. (TA.) b3: See also 5.2 نَقَّصَ see نَقَصَهُ.4 أَنْقَصَ see نَقَصَهُ.5 تنقّص: see نَقَصَ.

A2: تنقّصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ. b2: He attributed to him defect, or imperfection; i. e. to a man; (M;) as also ↓ انتقصهُ, and ↓ استنقصهُ: (M, TA:) he attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, or the like; detracted from his reputation; censured him; reproached him; spoke against him; impugned his character; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ انتقصهُ: (A:) [and نَقَصَهُ signifies the same; for] IKtt says, that ↓ نقص [app. نُقِصَ], inf. n. نَقِيصَةٌ, signifies طعن عليه [app. طُعِنَ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA.) 6 تَنَاْقَصَ see نَقَصَ, where two meanings are assigned to it.8 انتقص: see نَقَصَ.

A2: انتقصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ, in four places. b2: See also 5, in two places.10 استنقص الثَّمَنَ He (the buyer, S) asked, demanded, or desired, a diminution, a lessening, a lowering, or an abatement, of the price. (S, A, K.) b2: See also 5.

نَقْصٌ: see 1. b2: [Used as a subst., Loss, or loss of somewhat, decrease, a state of diminution or lessening or washing or waning, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, incompleteness, or imperfection, after wholeness or completeness, or perfectness; as also ↓ نُقْصَانٌ; and ↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ signifies the same as نَقْص] as here rendered, agreeably with the explanation (i. e. of منقصة) in the PS., which is كَمِىْ: or, accord. to the A, مَنْقَصَةٌ seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in the sense assigned to this last in the S, or in certain senses assigned to it in the K, which see below; and thus to be more restricted in application than نَقْصٌ]. (S, TA.) b3: Weakness of intellect: (M, TA:) and weakness with respect to religion and intellect. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَقْصٌ فِى دِينِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ [There came upon him a weakness in his religion and his intellect]: but one should not say ↓ نُقْصَانٌ [in this case]: (K:) app. because النَّقْص is “ weakness; ” whereas النُّقْصَانُ is only “ a going away [of part of a thing] after [its having been in] a state of completeness. ” (TA.) نُقْصَانٌ: see 1: b2: see also نَقْصٌ, in two places. b3: It also signifies The quantity that is gone, or lost, of a thing that is decreased or diminished or lessened. (Lth, A, K.) You say, نُقْصَانُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا The quantity that is gone, or lost, of it is such and such. (TK.) نَقِيصَةٌ: see 1. b2: A defect, an imperfection, a fault, a vice, or the like; syn. عَيْبٌ: (S, TA:) or a low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, practice, habit, or action; (K, TA;) of a man: (TA:) or a weak quality, &c.: (IDrd, K, TA:) but the attribution of weakness to a quality, &c., requires consideration: and it seems that what is meant by lowness, or baseness, is what leads to نَقْص: (TA:) [↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ, also, accord. to the A, seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in one or another of the senses explained above; but its primary signification is probably a cause of نَقْص, like as that of مَبْخَلَةٌ is a cause of بُخْل, and that of مَجْبَنَةٌ a cause of جُبْن: the pl. of نَقِيصَةٌ is نَقَائِصُ: and that of مَنْقَصَةٌ is مَنَاقِصُ.] You say, مَا فِيهِ نَقِيصَةٌ and ↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ [There is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice, &c.]: and فُلَانٌ ذُو نَقَائِصَ and مَنَاقِصَ [Such a one has defects, &c.]. (A, TA.) A2: As a subst. from تَنَقَّصَهُ and اِنْتَقَصَهُ and اِسْتَنْقَصَهُ, [or, accord. to IKtt, as an inf. n. from نُقِص, and therefore from نَقَصَهُ also, (see 5,)] it signifies The attributing to a man defect, or imperfection: (M:) the attributing or imputing to men, charging them with, or accusing them of, vices, faults, or the like; censuring them; reproaching them; speaking against them; impugning their characters. (K.) A poet says, فَلَوْ غَيْرُ أَخْوَالِى أَرَادُوا نَقِيصَتِى

جَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ فَوْقَ العَرَانِينِ مِيسَمَا [But if others than my maternal uncles had desired to attribute to me defect, &c., I had set a brand upon them above the noses]. (M, TA.) نَاقِصٌ act. part. n. of 1. b2: دِرْهَمٌ نَاقِضٌ signifies A dirhem deficient in weight; (Msb;) light and deficient: and نُقَّصٌ occurs as pl. of ناقص thus applied, agreeably with analogy. (Mgh.) b3: [Hence, فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ meaning An incomplete, i. e. a non-attributive, verb: opposed to فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ.]

مَنْقَصَةٌ: pl. مَنَاقِصُ: see نَقِيصَةٌ, in four places: b2: and see also نَقْصٌ.

مَنْقُوصٌ pass. part. n. of نَقَصَهُ. (A, K.)

نزع

1 نَزَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ

, (S, K,) aor. نَزِعَ

, (S,) inf. n. نِزَاعٌ (S, K) and نُزُوعٌ and نَزَاعةٌ; (K:) and ↓ نَازَعَ; (K;) He yearned towards or for, longed for, or desired, his family. (S, * K, * TA, PS). b2: نَزَعْتُ إِلَيْهِ inf. n. نِزَاعٌ, I yearned towards, longed for, or desired, him or it; syn. خَنَنْتُ. CCC (Ham, p. 429.) See an ex. voce خَفْضٌ. b3: Hence. نَزَعَ بِى إِلَيْهِ It (desire) invited me to it. (Har, p. 606.) b4: نَزَعَ إِلَيْهِ He inclined to it. (Har, p. 234.) b5: نَزَعَ إِلَى عِرْقٍ كَرِيمٍ [He inclined to a noble radical, or ancestral, or hereditary quality: and in like manner, لَئِيمٍ]: and نَزَعَ إِلَى أَعْرَاقِهِ and نَزَعَهَا [he inclined to his radical, or ancestral, or hereditary, qualities]: and نَزَعَتْ بِهِ CCC

أَعْرَاقُهُ [his radical, or ancestral, or hereditary, qualities inclined him]. (L, in TA.) b6: نَزَع It inclined by likeness. (Msb.) b7: نَزَعَ إِلَى

أَبِيهِ (S, Msb, K,) فى الشَّبَهَ (S,) and نَزَعَ أَيَاهُ, (K,) He resembled his father: (Msb, K:) or inclined to his father in likeness; syn. ذَهَبَ (S:) or he took after his father; had a natural likeness to him. b8: نُزُوعٌ signifies Yearning; and natural inclining.

A2: نَزَعَ and ↓ اِنْتَزَعَ He pulled, plucked, or drew, out, or up, or off; removed from his or its place; displaced. (S, Msb, K.) b2: نَزَعَ ثَوْبَهُ, (Mgh, in art. خلع,) and نَعْلَهُ, (Mgh and Msb in that art.,) He pulled off his garment, and his sandal. See, however, خَلَعَ. b3: نَزَعَ (Msb, TA,) aor. نَزِعَ

, (TA,) inf. n. نَزْعٌ (Msb, TA,) He was at the point [or in the agony] of death; meaning, of having his soul drawn forth: (Msb:) he gave up his spirit; as also ↓ نَازَعَ, inf. n. نِزَاعٌ. (TA.) b4: نَزَعَ فِى القُوْسِ He drew the bow; (S, Msb, K;) i. e., its string; or he drew, or pulled, the string of the bow with the arrow. (TA.) A3: تَنْزِعُهُ شَعَرَةٌ بَيْضَآءُ, relating to a horse: see أَسْفَى.3 نَازَعَهُ الحَبْلَ He contended with him in pulling the rope; syn. جَاذَبَهُ إِيَّاهُ. Hence, نازعه فى كَذَا (tropical:) He contended, disputed, or litigated, with him, respecting such a thing. (Mgh.) b2: نَازَعَهُ الكَلَامَ (tropical:) He disputed with him in, or respecting, words. (TA.) b3: نَازَعَتْنِى نَفْسِى إِلَى هَواهَا, inf. n. نِزَاعْ, My soul strove with me to incline me to love her. (TA.) See 1.6 تَنَازَعْنَا الحَدِيثَ We discoursed together; one with another. (TA, art. هصر.) b2: تَنَازَعُوا الَّجَزَ بَيْنَهُمْ (K, art. رجز,) They recited verses, or poetry, of the metre termed رَجَز one with another; as also تَعَاطَوْهُ. (TK, art. رجز.) b3: تَنَازَعٌ The contending in altercation, disputing, or litigating, one with another: (K:) or تَنَازَعُوا they disagreed, one with another; held different ways or opinions. (Msb.) 8 إِنْتَزَعَ See 1. b2: اِنْتَزَعَ مِنْهُ حَقَّهُ He wrested from him his right, or due. b3: اِنْتَزَعَ حَدِيثَهُ: see اِقتضب.

نَزَعٌ Baldness on each side of the forehead: see جَلَحٌ; and غَمَمٌ.

نَزْعَةٌ A baldness in the side of the forehead. See صَدْمَةٌ.

بِئْرٌ نَزُوعٌ [A deep well] i. q. جَرْورٌ. (A, voce جَرْورٌ.) نُزَّعٌ is pl. of نَازِعٌ; as is also نُزُعٌ. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse cited بابٌ.

نَزَّاعٌ Dragging much, or forcibly: see Kur, lxx. 16. b2: العرْقُ نَزَّاعٌ (see Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 168) is probably similar to العِرْقُ دسَّاسٌ, and means The radical, or ancestral, or hereditary, quality is wont to return to its usual possessor: or it may mean, is wont to draw.

أَنْزَعُ

: see أَجْلَحُ.

مَنْزَعُ بِئْرٍ

[The bottom of a well; the place from which the water is drawn]. (TA, art. متح.)

قعد

1 قَعَدَ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (A, L,) inf. n. قُعُودٌ and مَقْعَدٌ (S, L, K) and قَعْدٌ, (L,) He sat; i. q. جَلَسَ [when the latter is used in its largest sense]; (S, A, L, K;) so accord. to 'Orweh Ibn-Zubeyr, a high authority; contr. of قَامَ: (L:) or it signifies he sat down; or sat after standing: and جلس, he sat after lying on his side or prostrating himself: (Kh, IKh, El-Hareeree, K:) or, as some say, قعد signifies he sat for some length of time. (MF.) See also جَلَسَ. b2: [And hence, He remained.] b3: قَامَ وَقَعَدَ (tropical:) He experienced griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, but stood up and sat down. (Mgh, art. قدم.) [See an ex. voce سُدَّةٌ.] هٰذَا شَىْءٌ يَقْعُدُ بِهِ عَلَيْكَ العَدُوُّ وَيَقُومُ (tropical:) [This is a thing for which the enemy will be restless in his attempts against thee]. (A.) ضَرَبَهُ ضَرْبَةَ ابْنَةِ اقْعُدِى وَقُومِى He beat him with a beating of a female slave: (IAar, L, K: *) who is thus called because she sits and stands in the service of her masters, being ordered to do so. (IAar, L.) b4: [قَعَدَ لَهُ, properly, He sat for him, often means He lay in wait for him, in the road, or way: see an ex. in a verse cited voce سَدٌّ.] b5: قَعَدَتِ الرَّخَمَةُ (tropical:) The aquiline vulture lay upon its breast on the ground; syn. جَثَمَت. (S, A, K.) See also جَلَسَ. b6: [Hence, from the notion of sitting down over against any one,] قَعَدَ بِقِرْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) He was able to contend with his adversary. (L, K.) b7: بَنُو فُلَانٍ

لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ يَقْعُدُونَ (assumed tropical:) The sons of such a one are able to contend with the sons of such a one, and come to them with their numbers. (L.) b8: قَعَدُوا عَنَّا (assumed tropical:) They were able to contend for us, with their warriors, and to suffice us in war. (L.) b9: قَعَدَ لِلْحَرْبِ (tropical:) He prepared for war those who should contend therein. (L, K.) b10: قَعَدَ لِلْأَمْرِ He performed the affair; syn. إِهْتَمَّ بِهِ. (Msb.) b11: قَعَدَ يَشْتِمُنِى (tropical:) He set about, fell to, or commenced, reviling me. (Fr, A, L.) b12: [And from the notion of sitting down in refusal or unwillingness,] قَعَدَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He abstained from, omitted, neglected, left, relinquished, or forsook, the thing or affair; (A, Mgh;) he hung back, or held back, from it. (IKtt.) قَعَدَ عَنْ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) He hung, back, or held back, from accomplishing his want. (Msb.) قَعَدَ عَنِ القَوْمِ (assumed tropical:) He remained behind, or after, the people, or party, not going with them. (Msb, art. خلف.) And قَعَدْتُ بَعْدَهُ [(assumed tropical:) I remained behind, or after, him;] as also قعدت خِلَافَهُ: (Msb, ibid.:) and قَعَدَ خِلَافَ أَصْحَابِهِ, He remained behind, or after, his companions; he did not go forth with them (TA, in art. خلف) b13: [قَعَدَ مَعَهُ and قَعَدَ إِلَيْهِ are like جَلَسَ مَعَهُ and جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ, q. v.] b14: قَعَدَ بِهِ, see 4 in three places, and 5. b15: قَعَدَتْ, inf. n. قُعُودٌ; (K;) or قَعَدَتْ عَنِ الوَلَدِ, (Mgh, K,) and الحَيْضِ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and الزَّوْجِ; (A, Msb, K;) (tropical:) She (a woman) ceased from bearing children, (A, Mgh, K,) and from having the menstrual discharge, and from having a husband. (A, K.) [And hence,] (tropical:) She (a woman) had no husband: (K, * TA:) said of her who is, and of her who is not, a virgin. (TA.) b16: قَعَدَتِ النَّخْلَةُ (tropical:) The palm-tree bore fruit one year and not another. (L, K.) b17: قَعَدَ مَقَاعِدَ رِقَاقًا (assumed tropical:) [He had thin evacuations of the bowels: see سَدَّ] (TA, in art. سك.) b18: قَعَدٌ Laxness (S, K) and depression (S) in the shank (وَظِيف) of a camel. (S, K.) [App. an inf. n., of which the verb is قَعِدَ. But see 1 in art. صدف.]

A2: قَعَدَ It [or he] became; syn. صَارَ. Ex. حَدَّدَ شَفْرَتَهُ حَتَّى قَعَدَتْ كَأَنَّهَا حَرْبَةٌ He sharpened his large knife so that it became as though it were a javelin. And ثَوْبَكَ لَا تَقْعُدُ تَطِيرُ بِهِ الرِّيحُ [in the CK, ثَوْبُكَ and يَقْعُدُ] Take care of thy garment, that the wind do not become flying away with it. (IAar, L, K. *) ثوبك is here in the acc. case because the verb اِحْفَظْ is understood before it. (L.) b2: قَعَدَتِ آلفَسِيلَةُ (tropical:) The young palm-tree came to have a trunk. (S, A, K.) A3: قَعَدَ He (a man, Az) stood. Thus it bears two contr. significations. (Az, L, K.) 2 قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ I beg God to perserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. See قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L.) See also 4 in two places, and 5.3 قاعدهُ He sat with him. (L.) [See also an ex. in art. سفه, conj. 3.]4 اقعدهُ, (S, L, K,) and بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, (L, K,) He caused him to sit, or sit down; he seated him. (S, L.) b2: أُقْعِدَ (tropical:) He was affected by a disease in his body which deprived him of the power to walk: (Msb:) he was unable to rise: (L:) [as though constrained to remain sitting: see مُقْعَدٌ, and قُعَادٌ.] b3: أَقْعَدَهُ الهَرَمُ (tropical:) [Decrepitude crippled him, or deprived him of the power of motion]. (A.) b4: أُقْعِدَ He (a man) was, or became, lame. (S, L.) b5: إِقْعَادٌ in the hind leg of a horse is Its being much expanded (ان تُفْرَشَ جِدًّا), so that it is not erect. (S, L.) b6: أُقْعِدَ He (a camel) had the disease called قُعَاد. (IKtt, L.) b7: أَقَامَهُ وَأَقْعَدَهُ, and ↓ قَامَ بِهِ وَقَعَدَ, (tropical:) He, or it, caused him to experience griefs which disquieted him so that he could not remain at rest, making him to stand up and sit down. (See 1, and مُقْعِدٌ. And see an ex. in a verse cited in art. فنى, conj. 3.] b8: اقعد البِئْرَ He dug the well to the depth of a man sitting: or he left it upon the surface of the ground, and did not dig it so as to reach water. (L, K.) See also مُقْعَدَةٌ. b9: اقعد (Ibn-Buzurj, L) and ↓ إِقْعَنْدَدَ (K) He remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt, in a place. (Ibn-Buzurj, L, K.) A2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ) He sufficed him (namely his father [but in the CK, instead of أَبَاهُ, we read إِيَّاهُ,]) for gaining, or earning; (K, TA;) and aided, or assisted, him. (TA.) b2: اقعدهُ and ↓ قعّدهُ (inf. n. of the latter تَقْعِيدٌ, K) He served him. (IAar, L, K.) [Ex.]

مَا لِفُلَانٍ امْرَأَةٌ تُقْعِدُهُ, and تُقَعِّدُهُ, [Such a one has no wife to serve him]. (A.) A3: اقعدهُ آبَاؤُهُ, and ↓ تقعّدهُ, (tropical:) His ancestors withheld him from eminence, or nobility; (L;) [as also بِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ, and ↓ اقتعدهُ. You say also,] بِهِ عَنْ نَيْلِ ↓ مَا قَعَدَ المَسَاعِى إِلَّا لُؤْمُ عُنْصُرِهِ, and ↓ ما تقعّدهُ, and ما ↓ اقتعدهُ, (tropical:) [Nothing withheld him from attaining to the means of honour and elevation but the baseness of his origin]. (A.) See also 5. b2: وِرْثُهُ بِالإِقْعَادِ (assumed tropical:) [His inheritance is by reason of nearness of relationship]. You do not say بِالقُعُودِ (L.) b3: إِقْعَادٌ (tropical:) The having few ancestors. (IAar, L.) 5 تقعّدهُ (tropical:) He, or it, withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, him from attaining the thing that he wanted. (S, L, K.) Ex. مَا تَقَعَّدَنِى

عَنْكَ إِلَّا شُغْلٌ Nothing but business withheld me from thee. (ISk, S.) See also 4. You say also بِى عَنْكَ شُغْلٌ ↓ قَعَدَ Business withheld me from thee. (TA.) [And so,] ↓ مَا قَعَّدَكَ, and ↓ مَا اقْتَعَدَكَ, what hath withheld, restrained, debarred, or prevented, thee? (L.) b2: تقعّد عَنِ الأَمْرِ, (S, A, L, K,) and ↓ تقاعد, (A,) (tropical:) He did not seek, seek for or after, or desire, the thing. (S, A, L, K.) See also 1. b3: تقعّد signifies He held back, or refrained. (KL.) b4: And also He held back, or restrained. (KL.) b5: تقعّدهُ He performed his affair. (IAar, Th, L, K.) 6 تقاعد بِهِ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one did not pay him his due. (S, L.) A2: See also 5.8 اقتعد He rode a camel: (L, Msb:) he took, or used, a camel as a قُعْدَة q. v. (L, K.) b2: اقتعد قَعِيدَةً [He took a seat of the kind called قعيدة to sit upon]. (L.) R. Q. 3 إِقْعَنْدَدَ: see 4.

قَعْدَكَ آللّٰهَ and قِعْدَكَ, see قَعِيدَكَ آللّٰهَ throughout.

قَعَدٌ Human dung. (L, K.) A2: See also قَاعِدٌ in two places.

قَعْدَةٌ A single sitting. (S, L, Msb.) Ex. قَعَدَ قَعْدَةً وَاحِدَةً He sat a single sitting. (L.) b2: قَعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, see قِعْدَةٌ in three places.

A2: And see قَاعِدٌ.

A3: ذُو القَعْدَةِ, and ذُو القِعْدَةِ, A certain month; (S, L, K;) [the eleventh month of the Arabian year;] next after شَوَّال: (L:) so called because the Arabs [when their year was solar] used to abstain (يَقْعُدُونَ) therein from journeys (L, K, * TA) and warring and plundering expeditions and laying in stores of corn and seeking pasturage, before performing the pilgrimage in the next month; (L, TA;) or because in that month they broke in the young camels (القِعْدَان) for riding: (Msb, voce جُمَادَى:) pl. ذَوَاتُ القَعْدَةِ (S, L, Msb, K) and ذَوَاتُ القَعَدَاتِ; (Yoo, Msb;) but the former is the regular pl., (Yoo,) because the two words are considered as one, (Msb,) and it is the more common: (TA:) dual ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَةِ and ذَوَاتَا القَعْدَتَيْنِ. (Msb.) قُعْدَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (L,) An ass: (L, K:) pl. قُعْدَاتٌ, (K,) with the ع quiescent, (TA,) [in the CK, قُعْدَانٌ,] or قُعَدَاتٌ. (L.) A2: [The former,] A horse's, and a camel's saddle: (L, K:) pl. قُعُدَاتٌ, (IDrd, L,) with which is syn. قُعَيْدَاتٌ [the dim.]. (S, L.) b2: See قَعُودٌ.

قِعْدَةٌ A mode, or manner, of sitting. (S, L, Msb, K.) Ex. هُوَ حَسَنُ القِعْدَةِ He has a good manner of sitting: (A, L:) and قَعَدَ قِعْدَةَ الدُّبِّ He sat in the manner of sitting of the bear. (A, * TA.) b2: قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ, and رَجُلٍ ↓ قَعْدَةُ, (L, K, *) The space occupied by a man sitting: (L, K:) and the height, or depth, of a man sitting. (L.) Ex. شَجَرَةٌ قِعْدَةُ رَجُلٍ A tree of the height of a man sitting: (AHn, in L and TA, passim:) and بِئْرٌ قِعْدَةٌ A well of the depth of a man sitting: (As:) and عُمْقُ بِئْرِنَا قِعْدَةٌ, and ↓ قَعْدَةٌ, The depth of our well is that of a man sitting: (L:) and مَا حَفَرْتُ فِى الأَرْضِ إِلَّا قِعْدَةً, and ↓ قَعْدَةً, I dug not in the ground save to the depth of a man sitting: (Lh, L:) and مَرَرْتُ بِمَآءٍ قِعْدَةِ رَجُلٍ I passed by water of the depth of a man sitting. (Sb, L.) A2: قِعْدَةٌ One's last child, male or female; and one's last children. (K.) قَعَدَةٌ A vehicle, or beast of carriage, (مَرْكَبٌ,) for women: so in the copies of the K in our hands; (S, M;) but accord. to the L, &c., of a man: and it is ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ that bears the former signification. (TA.) b2: The [kind of carpet called] طَنْفَسَة [q. v.] (L, K) upon which a man sits; and the like. (L.) قُعَدَةٌ see قُعْدَةٌ and قُعْدِىٌّ.

قُعْدَدٌ: see the next paragraph.

قُعْدُدٌ (tropical:) Nearness of relationship. (L.) b2: ذُو قُعْدُدٍ A man nearly related to [the father of] the tribe. (Lh.) [And] قُعْدُدٌ and ↓ قُعْدَدٌ (S, K) and ↓ قُعْدُودٌ and ↓ أَقْعَدُ and النَّسَبِ ↓ قَعِيدُ, (L, K,) (tropical:) A man near in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family or tribe]; (S, L, K;) contr. of طَرِفٌ and طَرِيفٌ: (S, M, K in art. طرف:) and the first, The next of kin to the chief, or oldest, ancestor [of his family]; (Msb;) and contr., remote in lineage therefrom: (L, K:) [in the former sense, an epithet of praise:] in the latter sense, an epithet of dispraise: or, as some say, of praise: (TA:) or, in the first sense, it is an epithet of praise in one point of view, because dominion, or power, or authority, belong to the elder; and of dispraise in another point of view, because the person so termed is of the sons of the very old, and weakness is attributed to him. (S.) b3: المِيرَاثُ القُعْدُدُ (tropical:) The inheritance of him who is nearest of kin to the deceased. (L.) b4: قُعْدُدٌ (assumed tropical:) A cowardly and ignoble man, who holds back, or abstains, from war and from generous actions; (L, K; *) as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (L.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man withheld from eminence, or nobility, by his lineage; as also ↓ مُقْعَدٌ. (Az, L.) b6: (assumed tropical:) An obscure man; (L, K;) ignoble; of low rank; as also ↓ قُعْدَدٌ. (Az, L.) قُعْدَى [A nearer degree in lineage to the chief, or oldest, ancestor, than طُرْفَى, q. v.]

قُعْدِىٌّ and قِعْدِىٌّ, and both with ة, and ضُجْعِىٌّ and ضِجْعِىٌّ, (K,) and ضُجَعَةٌ ↓ قُعَدَةٌ, (S, K,) A man (S) who sits much and lies much upon his side: (S, K:) or the last, an impotent man, who does not earn that whereby he may subsist; (A;) [and the first two] (assumed tropical:) A man impotent; or lacking power, or ability; (L, K;) as though preferring sitting: (L:) or loving to sit in his house. (A.) قَعَدِىٌّ (tropical:) A man belonging to the sect called القَعَدُ, (L,) or القَعَدَةُ; (A [see قَاعِدٌ];) who holds the opinions of that sect. (L, K.) b2: Also applied by a post-classical poet to (tropical:) A man who refuses to drink wine while he approves of others' drinking it. (L.) قُعَادٌ Lameness in a man. You say مَتَى أَصَابَكَ هٰذَا القُعَادُ When did this lameness befall thee? (S, L;) [and] بِهِ قُعَادٌ, (L, K,) and ↓ إِقعاد, (K,) and ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, (CK,) (tropical:) He has a disease which constrains him to remain sitting. (L, K.) See أُقْعِدَ, and مُقْعَدٌ. b2: قُعَادٌ also signifies, (S, L, K,) and so ↓ إِقْعَادٌ, (S, L,) or ↓ أَقْعَادٌ, with fet-h, (accord. to the K,) A certain disease which affects camels in their haunches, and makes them to incline (or as though their rumps inclined, IAar) towards the ground: (S, K:) or a laxness of the haunches. (IKtt.) قِعَادٌ: see قَعِيدٌ.

قَعُودٌ A young weaned camel: (L, K:) and a young she-camel; i. q. قَلُوصٌ: (K:) or this latter epithet is applied to a female and the former to a male young camel: (ISh, L, Msb:) so called because he is ridden: (Msb:) and a young male camel, until he enters his-sixth year: (K:) or a young male camel when it may be ridden, which is at the earliest when he is two years old, after which he is thus called until he enters his sixth year, when he is called جَمَلٌ: the young she-camel is not called thus, but is termed قَلُوصٌ: (S, L:) Ks heard the term قَعُودَةٌ applied to the female; but this is rare. (Az, L.) b2: A camel which the pastor rides, or uses, in every case of need; (A'Obeyd, S, L, K;) called in Persian رَخْتْ; (A'Obeyd, S, L;) as also ↓ قَعُودَةٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth, the only authority for it known to Az; but Kh says that this signifies a camel which the pastor uses for carrying his utensils &c., and that the ة is added to give intensiveness to the epithet; (TA;) or the former is masc. and the latter fem.; (Ks, L;) and ↓ قُعْدَةٌ: (S, K:) you say نِعْمَ القُعْدَةُ هٰذَا, i. e. المُقْتَعَدُ, [an excellent camel for the pastor's ordinary riding, or use, is this]: (S, L:) or each of these words signifies a camel which the pastor uses for riding and for carrying his provisions and utensils &c.: and قُعْدَةٌ, a camel which a man rides whenever and wherever he will: (L:) the pl. of قَعُودٌ is أَقْعِدَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and قُعُدٌ and قِعْدَانٌ and قَعَائِدُ; (L, K;) and pl. pl. [i. e. pl. of قِعْدَانٌ] قَعَادِينُ. (TA.) The dim of قَعُودٌ is قُعَيِّدٌ. It is said in a proverb, إِتَّخَذُوهُ قُعَيِّدَ الحَاجَاتِ They made him an ordinary servant for the performance of needful affairs. (S, L.) قَعِيدٌ A companion in sitting: (S, AHeyth, L, K:) of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مُفَاعِلٌ. (L.) b2: A preserver; a keeper; a guardian; a watcher. (L, K.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of وَ, this meaning is assigned to مُقَاعِدٌ.] It is used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem. (L, K) and dual also. (L.) It is said in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِمَالِ قَعِيدٌ [On the right and on the left a sitter, or guardian, or watcher]: respecting which it is observed, that فَعِيلٌ and فَعُولٌ are of the measures used alike as sing. and dual and pl.; as in إِنَّا رَسُولُ رَبِّكَ, [Kur xi. 83, accord. to one reading,] and وَالمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ, [Kur lxvi. 4:] (S, L:) or, as the grammarians say, قَعِيدٌ is understood after اليمين. (L.) b3: [Hence,] A father; (A'Obeyd, K;) and ↓ قَعِيدَةٌ A man's wife; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ قِعَادٌ: (S, L:) and قَعِيدَةُ بَيْتِ رَجُلٍ a man's wife: pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b4: قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قَعْدَكَ, and اللّٰهَ ↓ قِعْدَكَ, (K,) but the last was unknown to AHeyth, (L,) [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God: قعيد and ↓ قعد being epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood: or] I conjure thee by God; syn. نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: some say, the meaning is, as though God were sitting with thee, watching over thee, or keeping thee: [in some copies of the K, for بِحِفْظِهِ عَلَيْكَ, the reading in the TA, we find يَحْفَظُهُ عَلَيْكَ:] or by thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [namely God] !

قَعِيدَكَ لَا آتِيكَ, and لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; and قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لا اتيك, and اللّٰهَ لا اتيك ↓ قِعْدَكَ; are forms of swearing used by the Arabs, in which قعيد and ↓ قعد are inf. us. put in the acc. case because of a verb understood; [or rather, as it appears to me, and as I have said above, they are epithets, put in the acc. case because of the prep. بِ understood;] and the meaning is, By thy Companion, who is the Companion of every secret, [I will not come to thee; and by thy Companion, &c., or by thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will not come to thee;] like as one says نَشَدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ: (S, L:) some say, that قعيد and ↓ قعد signify here a watcher, or an observer, and a preserver, a keeper, or a guardian, that God is meant by them, and that they are in the acc. case because أُقْسِمُ followed by the prep. بِ is understood; [the meaning being I swear by thy Watcher, or Keeper, &c., God, &c.; and this opinion is the more agreeable with the explanation given above, “By thy Companion &c. ”:] others say, that they are inf. ns., and that the meaning is, I swear by thy regard, or fear, of God, بِمُرَاقَبَتِكَ اللّٰهَ: El-Mázinee and others, however, assert that قعيد has no verb. (MF.) b5: Ks says that اللّٰهُ ↓ قِعْدَكَ [اللّٰه being in the nom. case] signifies God be with thee! (L.) [or God be thy Companion, or Watcher, or Keeper!]; and so does قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهُ. (AHeyth, L.) [Or] قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, K,) and قِعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (K,) and قَعْدَكَ اللّٰهَ, (IB, L, TA,) [are] expressions of conciliation, not oaths, as they have not the complement of an oath: the former word in each is an inf. n. occupying the place of a verb, and therefore is put in the acc. case, as in عَمْرَكَ اللّٰهَ, which means عَمَّرْتُكَ اللّٰهَ, i. e., I beg God to prolong thy life: in like manner, قَعَّدْتُكَ اللّٰهَ [in the K, قِعْدَكَ,] signifies, [and so the three first phrases above, of which it is the original form,] I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee; from the saying in the Kur, [l. 16,] عَنِ اليَمِينِ وَعَنِ الشِّمَالِ قَعِيدٌ, i. e. حَفِيظٌ. (Aboo-'Alee, IB, L, K. *) قَعِيدَ كُمَا اللّٰهَ is used in interrogative phrases and in phrases conveying an oath, [and so is قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ]. You say, interrogatively, قَعِبدَكُمَا اللّٰهَ أَلَمْ يَكُنْ كَذَا وَكَذَا [I beg God to preserve, keep, guard, or watch, thee. Was it not so and so?]: and in the other case, قَعِيدَكَ اللّٰهَ لَأُكْرِمَنَّكَ [By thy Watcher, or Keeper, God, I will assuredly pay thee honour!] (Th, L.) b6: [and from the signification of ' father ' is derived] the phrase قَعِيدَكَ لَتَفْعَلَنَّ, By thy father, thou shalt assuredly do such a thing. (K, TA.) A2: What comes to thee from behind thee, (S, L, K,) of gazelles or birds (L, K) or wild animals: contr. of نَطيحٌ: (S, L:) of evil omen. (L.) A3: The locust of which the wings are not yet perfectly formed. (S, K.) قَعِيدَةٌ A thing like the [kind of receptacle called] عَيْبَة, (L, K,) woven by women, (L,) upon which one sits: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (L.) b2: See قَعَدَةٌ

A2: A [sack of the kind called] غِرَارَة: (S, K:) or the like thereof, in which are put قَدِيد [or pieces of flesh-meat, q. v.] and كَعْك: (L, K:) pl. قَعَائِدُ. (S, L.) A3: A sand that is not of an oblong form: (S, L, K:) or a long tract of sand like a rope, cleaving to the ground: (L, K:) or a heap of sand collected together. (L.) A4: See also قَعِيدٌ.

قَعَّادَةٌ A [seat, or couch, of the kind called]

سَرِير: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) قَاعِدٌ [act. part. n. of قَعَدَ] Sitting; sitting down; pl. قُعُودٌ (Msb) and قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ: (TA:) fem. قَاعِدَةٌ; pl. قَوَاعِدُ and قَاعِدَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A sack full of grain; (IAar, K;) as though by reason of its fulness it were sitting. (IAar.) b3: [And from قَعَدَ in the third meaning,] قَاعِدٌ عَنِ الغَزْوِ (tropical:) A man holding back, or abstaining, from warring and plundering: pl. قُعَّادٌ and قَاعِدُونَ; and quasi-pl. n. قَعَدٌ: (L:) which last is also explained as signifying those who have no دِيوَان [or register in which they are enrolled as soldiers and stipendiaries], (S, A, L, K,) and (as some say, L) who do not go forth to fight. (L, K.) b4: [And hence, the pl.] قَعَدٌ, [which is, properly speaking, a quasi-pl. n.,] like حَارِسٌ and حَرَسٌ, (S,) and خَادِمٌ and خَدَمٌ: (TA:) [The Abstainers, or Separatists:] the قَعَد (so in the S, L, K: in the A, and some copies of the K, ↓ قَعَدَة:) are (tropical:) The [schismatics called] خَوَارِج: (K:) or certain of the خوارج; (S;) a people of the خوارج who held back (قَعَدُوا) from aiding 'Alee, and from fighting against him; (A;) certain of the حَرُورِيَّة; (L;) the [schismatics called] شُرَاة, who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not war; (IAar, L;) who hold the doctrine that government belongs only to God, but do not go forth to war against a people. (L.) b5: [And the sing.,] قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A woman who has ceased to bear children, (S, K,) and to have the menstrual discharge, (ISk, S, K,) and to have a husband: (Zj, K:) or an old woman, advanced in years: (IAth:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (ISk, S:) when you mean “ sitting,” you say قَاعِدَةٌ. (ISk, IAth.) b6: نَخْلَةٌ قَاعِدَةٌ (tropical:) A palm-tree bearing fruit one year and not another: (A, TA:) or, that has not borne fruit in its year. (IKtt.) b7: Also, قَاعِدٌ, A palm-tree: or a young palm-tree: pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] قَعَدٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is of خَادِمٌ. (L.) b8: قَاعِدٌ (tropical:) A young palm-tree having a trunk: (A, K:) or, [of] which [the branches] may be reached by the hand. (S, K.) Ex. فِى

أَرْضِهِمْ كَذَا مِنَ القَاعِدِ In their land are so many young palm-trees having trunks. (A.) Thus it is used us a gen. n. (TA.) A2: رَحًى قَاعِدَةٌ A mill which one turns by the handle with the hand. (L.) A3: حَلَبْتَ قَاعِدًا: see art. حلب.

قَاعِدَةٌ A foundation, or basis, of a house: (Msb:) pl. قَوَاعِدُ: (S, Msb:) which signifies, accord. to Zj, the columns, or poles, (أَسَاطِين) of a structure, which support it. (L.) [Hence,] قَاعِدَتَا البَابِ [The two side-posts of the door]. (K, in art. سوم.) b2: بَنَى أَمْرَهُ عَلَى قَاعِدَةٍ, and على قَوَاعِدَ, (tropical:) [He built his affair upon a firm foundation, and, upon firm foundations]. and قَاعِدَةُ أَمْرِكَ وَاهِيَةٌ (tropical:) [The foundation of thine affair is unsound]. (A.) b3: قَوَاعِدُ السَّحَابِ (tropical:) The lower parts of clouds extending across the view in the horizon, likened to the foundations of a building: (A'Obeyd, L:) or clouds extending across the view, and lying low. (IAth, L.) b4: [Hence]

قَوَاعِدُ الهَوْدَجِ The four pieces of wood, (S, K,) placed transversely, [two across the other two, so as to form a square frame,] beneath the هودج (S, K,) which is fixed upon them. (K.) [See 1 in art. فشل.]

A2: As a conventional term, i. q. ضَابِطٌ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) A universal, or general, rule, or canon. (Msb.) [See ضَابِط.]

أَقْعَدُ A camel having a laxness and depression in the shank. See قَعَدٌ. (TA.) But see أَصْدَفَ

A2: فُلَانٌ أَقْعَدُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one is more nearly related to his chief, or oldest, ancestor than such a one. (IAar, IAth, L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

مَقْعَدٌ A place of sitting; a sitting-place; (L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مَقْعَدَةٌ: (L, K:) pl. of the former مَقَاعِدُ, (Msb,) signifying sittingplaces of people in the markets &c. (S.) هُوَ مِنِّى مَقْعَدَ القَابِلَةِ [He is, with respect to me, as though in the sitting-place of the midwife;] i. e., in nearness; meaning he is sticking close to me, before me: (Sb, S:) denoting nearness of station. (Sb, L.) See also مَعْقِدٌ. b2: [Hence, (tropical:) a place of abode,] تَرَكُوا مَقَاعِدَهُمْ, (tropical:) They left their places of abode. (A.) b3: A time of sitting. (MF.) b4: ↓ المَقْعَدَةُ The anus [as is shown in the S and Msb, voce بَاسُور &c., and so in modern Arabic; and app. also the posteriors, upon which one sits]: syn. السَّافلَةُ. (S, Msb.) مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) Having a disease which constrains him to remain sitting: (K:) or crippled, or deprived of the power of motion, by a disease in his body; (Mgh, L;) as though the disease constrained him to remain sitting: (Mgh:) or deprived of the power to stand, by protracted disease; as though constrained to remain sitting: (L:) or affected by a disease in his body depriving him of the power to walk: (Msb:) a lame man (S, L:) also, i. q. زَمِنٌ: (Msb:) accord. to the physicians, مُقْعَدٌ and زَمِنٌ are syn.; [see the second explanation above, which is that here indicated;] but some make a distinction, and say that the former signifies having the limbs contracted, and the latter, having a protracted disease; (Mgh;) [which is app. one of the two significations assigned to the former word in the Msb:] accord. to some, it is from قُعَادٌ signifying a disease which affects camels in their haunches: (L:) [and]

مُقْعَدٌ [is applied to] a camel having this disease. (L.) b2: مُقْعَدُ النَّسَبِ, and مقعد الأَسْبَابِ, (assumed tropical:) A man of short lineage. (L.) b3: مُقْعَدُ الحَسَبِ (assumed tropical:) A man without eminence, or nobility. (L.) See also قُعْدُدٌ.

A2: مُقْعَدُ الأَنْفِ (tropical:) A man having wide nostrils: (K:) or having wide and short nostrils. (A, L.) ثَدْىٌ مُقْعَدٌ (tropical:) A breast that is swelling, prominent, or protuberant, (S, A, L, K,) that fills the hand, (A,) and has not yet become folding. (S, L, K.) A3: بِئْرٌ مُقْعَدَةٌ A well that is partly dug, and then left before the water has come into it; (K;) i. q. مُسْهَبَةٌ. (TA.) A4: مُقْعَدَاتٌ (tropical:) Young birds of the kind called قَطًا, before they rise (L, K) to fly. (L.) b2: (tropical:) Frogs. (A, L, K.) أَخَذَهُ المُقِيمُ المُقْعِدُ (tropical:) (A) Griefs took hold upon him, disquieting him so that he could not remain at rest, and making him to stand up and sit down: a phrase similar to أَخَذَهُ مَا قَدُمَ وَمَا حَدُثَ, and مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ. (Mgh, art. قدم.) A2: مُقْعِدٌ and ↓ مُقَعِّدٌ A servant. (IAar, L.) مَقْعَدَهٌ and المَقْعَدَةُ: see مَقْعَدُ.

مُقْعَدَةُ and مُقْعَدَاتٌ: see مُقْعَدٌ.

مُقَعِّدٌ: see مُقْعِدٌ.

قود

1 قَادَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْدٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and قِيَادٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قِيَادَةٌ (Msb, K) and مَقَادَةٌ and قَيْدُودَةٌ (S, L, K) [originally قَيْوَدُودَةٌ, of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ, like دَيْمُومَةٌ &c.,] and تَقْوَادٌ, (K,) [an intensive form; or, accord. to some, inf. n. of قَوَّدَ;] He led him; (namely, a horse &c., L;) contr. of سَاقَهُ; القَوْدُ being from before, and السَّوْقُ from behind; (Kh, L, Msb, K;) he drew him (a camel) after him; (L;) as also ↓ اقتادهُ; (S, L, K;) and ↓ قوّدهُ, inf. n. تَقْوِيدٌ; (K;) or اقتاده signifies he led him for himself: (Msb:) and قوّده, he led him much: (S, A, L:) you say قوّد فَرَسَهُ he led his horse much. (A.) [One says also قَادَ بِهِ; app. by poetic license: see a verse of Jereer cited in the first paragraph of art. رضع.] b2: أَصْبَحْتُ يُقَادُ بِىَ البَعِيرُ (tropical:) [lit., I have become in such a state that the camel is led with me; i. e.,] I have become old and decrepit. (A.) b3: قَادَتِ الرِّيحُ السَّحَابَ (tropical:) The wind led on the cloud, or clouds. (L.) b4: قَادَ, inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قَوْدٌ, (L,) (assumed tropical:) He led an army. (Mgh, L, Msb.) b5: النَّبْتُ الثَّوْرَ ↓ اقتاد (tropical:) [The herbage attracted the bull by its odour;] he perceived its odour and rushed upon it. (A.) b6: قَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ, (tropical:) He acted the part, or performed the office, of a pimp, or bawd; or, of a pimp to his own wife, or of a contented cuckold. (Msb.) Ex. قَادَ عَلَى الفَاجِرَةِ, inf. n. as above, [He acted the part, or performed the office, of a pimp to the adulteress, or fornicatress]. (A. [Not given there as tropical.]) A2: قَادَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قِيَادَةٌ, (tropical:) It extended along the surface of the ground; said of a mountain, and of a dyke [&c.]: (T, L:) and so ↓ انقاد; said of a mountain, (the Lexicons passim,) and of a tract of land, (L,) and of sand; (TA;) and ↓ تقاود and ↓ اقتاد. (L.) Yousay, ظَهْرٌ مِنَ الأَرْضِ يَقُودُ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِيلًا, and يَنْقَادُ, and يَتَقَاوَدُ, A rugged and elevated tract of land that extends such and such a number of miles. And هٰذَا مَكَانٌ يَقُودُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ كَذَا وَكَذَا This is a place which stretches along (يجادب) such and such measures of ground. (L.) A3: قَوِدَ, [aor. ـْ (L,) inf. n. قَوَدٌ, (S, L, K,) (assumed tropical:) He (a camel, and a horse, S, L, or other beast of carriage, and a man, L) had a long back and neck. (S, L, K.) See أَقْوَدُ.

A4: قِيدَ It (flour) became compacted together in a mass; syn. تَكَّتلَ and تَكَبَّبَ. (K.) [See also art. قيد, to which it probably belongs.]2 قَوَّدَ see 1.3 مَرَّ وَفُلَانٌ يُقَاوِدُهُ وَيُسَاوِقُهُ [He passed by, or along, such a one vying, or contending, with him in leading on and in driving on]. (A.) [See also 6 in art. سوق.]4 اقادهُ خَيْلًا He gave him horses to lead: (S, L, K:) and in like manner, مَالًا [camels]. (TA.) b2: اقاد الغَيْثُ (tropical:) The rain spread wide: (L, K:) or, had a cloud, or clouds, leading it on. (L.) b3: (tropical:) He (a man) advanced; went forward: (L, K:) as though he gave the means of leading him to the ground and it attained thereby its want. (L.) A2: أَقَادَنِى, (L,) and اقادنى مِنَ القَاتِلِ, (Msb,) He retaliated for me upon the slayer. (L, Msb.) اقادهُ السُّلْطَانُ مِنْ أَخِيهِ [The Sultán retaliated for him upon his brother]. (S.) b2: اقاد القَاتِلَ بِالقَتِيلِ, (inf. n. إِقَادَةٌ, TA,) He slew the slayer for the slain. (S, L, K.) 6 تقاودا (assumed tropical:) They two went away quickly: as though each of them led the other. (L.) [See also 6 in art. سوق]

A2: تقاود (tropical:) It (a place) became even. (A.) See also 1.7 انقاد, [inf. n. اِنْقِيَادٌ,] He (a beast) suffered himself to be led; (Msb, K;) as also ↓ اقتاد (K) and ↓ استقاد. (A, TA.) You say انقاد لِى, and استقاد لى, He was, or became, tractable to me; gave me the means of leading him. (S, L.) b2: انقاد, (A, K,) inf. n. إِنقِيَادٌ, (S, L,) (tropical:) He was, or became, submissive, resigned, manageable, easy, humble, or lowly; (S, L, A, K;) as also ↓ استقاد. (TA.) b3: انقاد السَّحَابُ, and لِلِّريحِ ↓ استقاد, (tropical:) The cloud, or clouds, became led on by the wind. (A.) b4: انقاد (tropical:) It (a road) was easy and direct. (TA.) b5: انقاد لِىَ الطَّرِيقُ إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) The road to him, or it, was, or became, plain, or obvious, or manifest, to me. (L, K.) b6: انقادت إِلَيْهِ المَوَارِدُ (tropical:) The roads, or ways, continued uninterruptedly to it. (As, AM; from a verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh.) See also 1.8 إِقْتَوَدَ see 1 in three places. b2: And see 7.10 إِسْتَقْوَدَ see 7 in three places A2: استقاد الأَمْرَ مِنْهُ He retaliated the thing upon him. (Lth, L.) b2: استقادهُ He asked him (namely a judge, or governor,) to retaliate upon a slayer; to slay the slayer for the slain. (S, L, Msb.) قَادٌ: see قِيدٌ.

قَوْدٌ Horses: (S, L, K:) or a number of horses together: (A:) or led horses; horses led by their leading-ropes, not ridden, (Az, L, Msb, K,) but prepared for the time of want. (L.) You say, مَرَّ بِنَا قَوْدٌ [A number of horses together, or of led horses, passed by us]. (S, L.) قَيْدٌ, contr. from قَيِّدٌ, see مُنْقَادٌ.

قِيدٌ [originally قِوْدٌ, if belonging to this art.,] and ↓ قَادٌ, Measure; syn. قَدْرٌ. (L, art. قيد; and K in the present art.) Ex. هُوَ مِنِّى قِيدَ رُمْحٍ, and رمح ↓ قَادَ, He is [distant] from me the measure of a spear. (L, art. قيد.) قَوَدٌ The slaying of the slayer for the slain: (Lth, L:) or i. q. قِصَاصٌ [which signifies the retaliation of slaughter, and of wounding, and of mutilation;] (S, L, Msb, K;) or slaughter for slaughter, and wounding for wounding. (TA, art. قص.) Ex. طَلَبَ القَوَدَ مِنَ القَاتِلِ [He sought retaliation upon the slayer]. (A.) قَوَدٌ b2: قَتَلَهُ بِهِ قَوَدًا He slew him for him (i. e. for the slain) in retaliation. (Msb.) قِيَادٌ see مِقْوَدٌ in three places.

قَؤُودٌ and قَوُودٌ see مُنْقَادٌ.

قِيَادَةٌ Tractableness; (tropical:) submissiveness; easiness; in a horse or camel. (L.) قِيِّدٌ: see مُنْقَادٌ.

قَوَّادٌ (tropical:) A pimp; a bawd: fem. with ة: (Msb:) a pimp to his own wife; or a contented cuckold; syn. دَيَّوثٌ. (Msb, * TA.) A2: القَوَّادُ The nose; in the dial. of Himyer. (K.) b2: In the following words of Ru-beh, أَتْلَعُ يَسْمُو بِتَلِيلٍ قَوَّادْ [Long-necked, elevating himself, with advancing neck], قوّاد is explained as signifying مُتَقَدِّمٌ. (L.) قَيِّدَةٌ A camel whereby a man conceals himself from the animal that he would shoot, previously to his shooting at it; (ISd;) i. q. دَرِيْئَةٌ; (A, L;) as also سَيِّقَةٌ. (A.) قَائِدٌ A leader of horses: (L:) and (assumed tropical:) of an army: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. قُوَّادٌ and قَادَةٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and قُوَّدٌ; (K;) and pl. of قَادَةٌ, قَادَاتٌ. (Mgh.) b2: قَائِدَةٌ [A she-camel] that precedes the other camels [or leads them on,] and with which the young ones keep company. (L.) b3: سَحَابٌ قَائِدٌ (tropical:) A cloud, or clouds, leading on rain. (L.) b4: قَائِدَةٌ (tropical:) A wind [رِيحٌ] leading on a cloud, or clouds. (A.) A2: قَائِدٌ (tropical:) Extending along the surface of the ground; applied to a mountain, and a dyke, (T, L,) and a tract of land [&c.]: (K:) and so ↓ مُنْقَادٌ, applied to a mountain, (the Lexicons passim,) and a tract of land, and of sand. (L.) b2: A prominent part of a mountain (JK, L, K) extending upon the surface of the ground. (JK.) b3: قَائِدَةٌ A hill of the kind termed أَكَمَة extending upon the surface of the ground: (L, K:) or a hill cleaving to the ground. (IAar, in TA, art. خشع.) A3: قَائِدٌ The largest of the channels for irrigation (فُلْجَان) of a land ploughed for sowing. (L, K.) [In the CK, الحَارِث is put for الحَرْث.] ISd says, that he assigns it to this art. only because و is more common than ى. (L.) [Pl. قَوَائِدُ, occuring in the L and TA, voce أَعْرَافٌ.]

A4: القَائِدُ The last star η] in the tail of Ursa Major, بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ الكُبْرَى: in the K, الصُّغْرَى, but this is a mistake. (TA.) [The star (z) which is the middle one of the three in the tail of that constellation is called العَنَاقٌ, and by the side of it is the obscure star called السُّهَى, and also called الصَّيْدَقُ, and, as is said in the TA, نُعَيْشٌ; and the third of those three, next the body, is called الحَوَرُ In the K, a strange description is given of these stars: it is there said, الأَوَّلُ مِنْ بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ الصُّغْرَى الذى هو [القَائِدُ] و

آخِرُهَا قَائِدٌ وَالثَّانِى عَنَاقٌ وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ قَائِدٌ صَغِيرٌ و ثَانِيهِ عَنَاقٌ وَإِلَى جَانِبِهِ الصَّيْدَقُ وهو السُّهَى والثَّالِثُ الحَوَرُ.] b2: The قَوَائِدُ, among the northern stars, are, it is said, four stars forming an irregular quadrilateral figure, distant one from another, [as though ε, ζ, η π of Hercules,] in the midst of which is an obscure star, resembling a soil, and called الرُّبَعُ, they being likened to she-camels with a young one such as is called رُبَعٌ: they are on the left of النَّسْرُ الوَاقِعُ [a Lyræ], between it and بَنَاتُ نَعْشٍ. (TA.) [But قَوَائِدُ, here, is evidently a mistake for عَوَائِذُ.]

قَيْدُودٌ, originally قَيْوَدُودٌ because from قَادَ, aor. ـُ accord. to the Basrees; or, accord. to the Koofees, it is of the measure فَعْلُولَةٌ, and the ى is substituted for و; A mare easy to be led. (IKtt, MF.) A2: قَيْدُودٌ (assumed tropical:) A long, or tall, she-ass, (S, L, K,) &c.: (K:) pl. قَيَادِيدُ. (S, L, K.) See also art. قد. b2: قَيْدُودٌ (assumed tropical:) A mare having a long and curved neck: (L:) not applied to a male. (ISd, L.) أَقْوَدُ A man (S, L) strong-necked: (S, L, K:) so called because he seldom turns his face aside. (S, L.) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) One who is niggardly, or tenacious, of his travelling-provision: (S, L, K:) because he does not turn aside his face in eating, lest he should see a man and be obliged to invite him. (S, L.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A man who does not turn aside his face. (L.) b4: (tropical:) A tall, or high, mountain; (S, L, K; *) as also ↓ مُقَوَّدٌ. (K.) b5: قَوْدَآءُ (tropical:) A road of a difficult place of ascent of a mountain (ثَنِيَّةٌ) extending to a great length upwards, (S, L,) or, reaching high. (K.) b6: قُلَّةٌ قَوْدَآءُ (tropical:) A tall mountain-top. (A.) b7: أَقْوَدُ (assumed tropical:) A man who, when he applies himself to a thing, can hardly turn his face away from it. (T, L, A, K. *) b8: (assumed tropical:) A camel, and a horse, (S, L,) or other beast of carriage, and a man, (L,) having a long back and neck: (S, L:) or a long-necked horse, (A,) or camel: (R:) or long, or tall, absolutely, applied to a camel: (R, TA:) fem. قَوْدَآءُ; and pl. قُودٌ: (S, L:) or a horse having a long and large neck. (ISh.) See شَغَبَ.

A2: See also مُنْقَادٌ. b2: (tropical:) More, or most, addicted to the conduct of a pimp, or bawd; or, of a pimp to his own wife, or a contented cuckold. (Msb.) جَعَلْتُهُ مَقَادَ المُهْرِ (assumed tropical:) I placed him on the right hand: (L, K:) because the colt (مهر) is in most instances led (يُقَادُ) on the right hand. (L.) مِقْوَدٌ A leading-rope; (L, Msb;) that with which one leads [a horse &c.]; (K;) a rope or the like with which one leads [a horse &c.]; (Mgh;) a rope upon the neck, for leading [a horse &c.]: (A:) as also ↓ قِيَادٌ; (L, Mgh, Msb, K;) a rope that is tied to the cord of the nose-ring of a camel, or to the bit of a horse or the like, by which a beast is led; (S, L;) a cord, or a thong or strap, attached to the neck of a beast or of a dog, by which the animal is led: (L:) pl. مَقَاوِدُ. (A, Msb.) b2: ↓ أَعْطَى القِيَادَ (tropical:) [lit., He gave the leading-rope; i. e.,] he was, or became, submissive, or obedient, willingly or unwillingly. (Msb.) b3: فُلَانٌ

↓ سَلِسُ القِيَادِ (tropical:) [lit., Such a one has an easy leading-rope; i. e.,] such a one will follow thee agreeably with thy desire; (A;) [is submissive, obsequious, or obedient]: and ↓ صَعْبُ القِيَادِ (tropical:) [signifying having a difficult leading-rope; i. e., refractory]. (L.) مَقُودٌ and ↓ مَقْوُودٌ (the latter extr. [with respect to form], and of the dial. of Temeem, TA,) A beast of carriage led. (K.) غَيْثٌ مُقِيدٌ (tropical:) Wide-spreading rain: or rain having a cloud, or clouds, leading it on. (L.) مُقَوَّدٌ: see أَقْوَدُ.

أَعْطَاهُ مَقَادَتَةٌ He gave him the means of leading him; he was, or became, tractable to him. (S, * L, * K.) مَقْوُودٌ: see مَقُودٌ.

مُنْقَادٌ and ↓ قَؤُودٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ قَوُودٌ, without ء, (Ks,) and ↓ قَيِّدٌ and ↓ قَيْدٌ, [the last but one originally قَيْوِدٌ, and the last contracted from it,] like مَيِّتٌ and مَيْتٌ, and ↓ أَقْوَدُ, (L, K,) A horse, (Ks, S, L, K,) and a camel, (Ks, L,) tractable; (tropical:) submissive; easy. (Ks, S, L, K.) Ex. اِجْعَلْ فِى

أَوَّلِ قِطَارِكَ بَعِيرًا قَيِّدًا [Place thou at the head of thy string of camels a camel that is tractable]. (A.) A2: مُنْقَادٌ: see قَائِدٌ. b2: (tropical:) A direct road. (A.)

قيد

1 قِيدَ: see 2.2 قيّدهُ, inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ, He put a قَيْد [or pair of shackles] upon his (a horse's) [fore-] legs; he shackled his [fore-] legs. (Msb.) قَيَّدْتُ الدَّابَّةَ [I shackled the fore-legs of the beast; hobbled him: and, in a general sense, bound him.] (S.) ↓ قِيدَ (inf. n. قَيْدٌ, TA) and قُيِّدَ signify the same, [He had shackles put upon his fore-legs; he had his fore-legs shackled]. (K.) See also 5. b2: قَيِّدْهُ بِالْأَلْتِ (assumed tropical:) [Bind thou him by oath]: said when one has not given thee thy right or due. (TA in art. الت.) b3: أُقَيِّدُ جَمَلِى, (inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ, K.) [lit., I shackle the fore-legs of my camel; meaning,] (tropical:) I fascinate my husband so as to prevent him from going to other women; as though I shackled his legs. (IAth, L, K, * from a trad.) b4: (tropical:) It (fatigue) kept a she-camel from action. (A.) b5: (tropical:) It (beneficence) shackled, or restrained, a person. (A.) b6: قيّد الإِيمَانُ الفَتْكَ (tropical:) [The giving assurance of safety] inhibits assassinating, or assaulting, the مُؤْمَن [i. e. the person to whom assurance of safety has been given (بالمُؤمِنِ in the CK is a mistranscription for بِالمُؤْمَنِ)]; like as shackles inhibit the mischievous animal from doing mischief. (L, K, * from a trad. [See also 1 in art. فتك; where this trad. is cited in full.]) b7: قيّد, (inf. n. تَقْيِيدٌ K,) (tropical:) He pointed a writing with the syllabical signs, or signs which point out the pronunciation and division of syllables: (S, A, L, K:) he pointed a letter: (L:) he restricted a word or phrase [in its signification or application] by that which prevented equivocation and removed ambiguity. (Msb.) A2: (tropical:) He registered, or recorded, a matter of science [&c.] in a book or the like; i. q. ضَبَطَ. (L.) 5 تقيّد quasi-pass. of قيّد [He had shackles put upon his legs; he had his legs shackled: see also 2]. (A.) قَادٌ: see قِيدٌ, قَيْدٌ [A shackle; or fetter: or, generally, a pair of shackles for the fore-legs of a beast, and generally made of rope, but some are of iron; a pair of hobbles; a pair of fetters]: (S, K, &c.:) pl. [of pauc.] أَقْيَادٌ (L, Msb, K) and [of mult.] قُيُودٌ. (S, L, Msb, K.) b2: إِنّ قُيُودَ الأَيَادْ أَوْثَقُ الأَقْيَادْ (tropical:) [Verily the shackles of benefactions are the firmest of shackles]. (A.) [الأَيَادْ is for الأَيَادِى.] b3: What binds together [the two pieces of wood in a camel's saddle which are called] the عَضُدَانِ of [the two broad pieces of wood called] the مُؤَخَّرَتَانِ, (L, K [in the former of which, however, instead of ما ضمّ العضدين من الموخّرتين, the reading in the K, is put ما ضمّ العضدتين المؤخّرتين, which I suppose to be a mistake]) at their upper part, being a thong. (L.) b4: A plaited thong between [the two pieces of wood called] the حِنْوَانِ of a camel's saddle of the kind called رَحْل, at the upper part; and sometimes, of a horse's saddle. (L.) b5: The thong that binds together [the two pieces of wood called] the عَرْقُوَتَانِ of a camel's saddle of the kind called قَتَب. (S, L, K.) b6: Anything that binds one part of a thing to another part. (L.) b7: The extended thing at the lower extremities of the suspensory cords or strings of a sword, which is held by [the rings called] the بَكَرَات. (L, K.) b8: قَيْدَا البَازِى The jesses of the hawk or falcon; syn. سِبَاقَاهُ (S, O, K, all in art. سبق.) b9: قَيْدُ الأَسْنَانِ The gum wherein the teeth are set: (K:) قُيُودُ الاسنان the gums: (L:) or the portions of the flesh of the gums that rise between the teeth; likened to the red قُيُود which are marks upon camels, made with a hot iron. (ISd, L.) b10: قَيْدُ الفَرَسِ A certain mark made with a hot iron upon the neck of a camel, (S, ISd, L, K,) and upon its face, and thigh, of an oblong shape, (ISd, L,) in the form of a قَيْد [for the legs], (S, L,) or of two rings with a line extending between them. (Nh, L.) b11: قَيْدُ الأَوَابِدِ (tropical:) [lit. Shackles upon the legs of the wild animals which shun, and take fright at, mankind &c.; or, accord. to the L, of the wild asses]: indeterminate in signification, though determinate in its grammatical form: (Sb, L:) an appellation given to a horse, (K,) or to a fleet, or swift, and excellent horse, because, by its swiftness, it overtakes the wild beasts, (T, K,) and prevents their escaping. (T, S.) قيد is here a proper subst. used as an epithet because it imports the attribute of a verb; or it is for تَقْيِد. (IJ, L.) [See also art. ابد and Ham, p. 455.]

b12: (tropical:) A wife: as also غُلٌّ. (TA.) b13: مَا عَلَى هٰذَا الحَرْفِ قيَدْ (tropical:) There is not upon this letter a syllabical sign, or sign which points out the pronunciation, or the division of syllables. (A.) b14: القَيْدُ وَالرَّتْعَةُ, a prov.: see art. رتع.

A2: See also قِيدٌ.

قِيدٌ A whip made of skin. (MF.) A2: قِيدٌ and ↓ قَادٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ قَيْدٌ (K) Measure. (S, L, K.) Ex. بَيْنَهُمَا قِيدُ رُمْحٍ, and قَادُ رمح, Between them two is the measure of a spear. (S.) See also art. قود.

قِيَادٌ A leading-rope (S, K) for a beast of carriage. (S, K.) [But this belongs to art. قود, q. v.]

قَيِّدٌ Tractable; easy to be led. (S, K.) [But this belongs to art. قود, q. v.]

قَيِّدَةٌ: see art. قود.

مَقِيدٌ: see مُقَيَّدٌ.

مُقَيَّدٌ The place of the قَيْد in the leg of a horse; (S, K;) [i. e., the pastern]. Ex. فَرَسٌ عَبْلُ المُقَيَّدِ طَوِيلُ المُقَلَّدِ [A horse large in the place of the shackle, or pastern; long in the place of the collar, or neck]. (A.) b2: The place of the anklet in [the leg of] a woman; (S, K;) [i. e., the ankle]. b3: مُقَيَّدٌ [and ↓ مَقِيدٌ] A camel, or the like, having his legs shackled; having shackles upon his legs: pl. [of the latter] مَقَايِيدُ. (K.) You say هٰؤُلَآءِ

أَجْمَالٌ مَقَايِيدٌ, i. e., مُقَيَّدَاتٌٰ [These are camels having their legs shackled]. (S.) b4: نَاقَةٌ مُقَيَّدَةٌ (tropical:) A jaded she-camel that will not be roused to action. (A.) b5: And مُقَيَّدٌ A place in which a camel is left with his legs shackled. (L, K.) Hence applied to a place abounding with herbage, or pasture. (L.) مُقَيِّدَةُ الحِمَارِ (L) [in the CK, مُقَيَّدَةُ الحِمَارِ, and in most copies of the K, accord. to the TA, الخِمَارِ,] (assumed tropical:) A stony tract, of which the stones are black and worn and crumbling, as though burned with fire; syn. حَرَّةٌ: (L, K: [in a copy of the K, حُرَّةٌ] so called because it impedes the ass, [in the TA, art. حمر, the wild ass,] as though it shackled him. (L.) b2: Hence, (L,) بَنُو مُقَيِّدَةِ الحِمَارِ, (L,) in the K, بَنُو مَقَيَّدَةَ [with fet-h to the ى, and without الحمار] (TA,) [and in the CK, بَنُو مُقَيَّدٍ,] (assumed tropical:) Scorpions: (L, K:) so called because they are in a tract such as is called مقّيدةالحمار. (L.) [See an ex. in some verses cited voce رُمْحٌ.]

تَقْيِيدٌ A note which determines the correct reading or meaning of a word or phrase or the like: and hence, any marginal note: pl. تَقْيِيدَاتٌ.]