ضغن

1 ضَغِنَ, (Az, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. ضَغَنٌ (Az, S, Msb, TA) and ضِغْنٌ, (Az, TA,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) He, (S, K,) or it, i. e. one's bosom, (Msb,) was, or became, affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite; (S, Msb, K;) or, said of a man, his bosom was, or became, affected therewith; (Az, TA;) عَلَيْهِ against him. (S.) [See also ضِغْنٌ below.] b2: And, (IAar, S, K,) aor. and inf. ns. as above, (TA,) He inclined, (IAar, S, K, TA,) إِلَيْهِ towards him, (IAar, TA,) and عَلَيْهِ against him, (TA,) and إِلَى الدُّنْيَا [towards the present world, or worldly things]. (S, K.) And ضَغِنَتِ القَنَاةُ, inf. n. ضَغَنٌ, (tropical:) The spear-shaft was, or became, crooked. (TA.) b3: Also, (K, TA,) aor. and inf. ns. as above, (TA,) He was, or became, affected with desire, or with yearning or longing of the soul. (K, TA.) 6 تَضَاغُنٌ The conceiving, or being affected with, mutual rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (KL, and Har p. 43.) You say, تضاغنوا and ↓ اضطغنوا They had, or held, in the heart, feelings of mutual rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (S, K.) 8 إِضْتَغَنَ see what next precedes. b2: One says also, اضطغن عَلَى فُلَانٍ ضَغِينَةً He conceived, or concealed, [in his heart,] rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, against such a one. (TA.) b3: and اضطغنهُ He took it (i. e. a thing, and weapon, S) beneath his حِضْن [or the part between his armpit and flank, &c.]: (S, K:) and he carried him (i. e. a child) in that part, or in his bosom. (TA.) b4: الاِضْطِغَانُ is also syn. with الاِشْتِمَالُ, which is The putting [a portion of] the garment beneath [and within] the right arm, [app. from behind,] and the other end beneath the left arm, and drawing it [i. e. the garment] together with the left hand. (TA. [But see اِشْتَمَلَ.]) ضِغْنٌ [said by some to be an inf. n.: (see 1:)] Rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ضَغِينَةٌ: (S, K:) or both signify vehement rancour &c.; and enmity; and violent hatred: (TA:) the pl. of the former is أَضْغَانٌ; (MA, Msb;) and that of ↓ the latter is ضَغَائِنُ, (MA,) and ↓ ضَغِينٌ may be a pl. of ضَغِينَةٌ, [or rather a coll. gen. n.,] or the ة may be elided by poetic license; or these two may be dial. vars., like حُقٌّ and حُقَّةٌ [accord. to some], and بَيَاضٌ and بَيَاضَةٌ. (TA.) One says, when he has sought to gain a person's good will, or approval, سَلَلْتُ ضِغْنَ فُلَانٍ and ↓ ضَغِينَتَهُ [I drew forth the rancour, &c., of such a one]. (TA.) and a woman who hates her husband is said to be ذَاتُ ضِغْنٍ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا [One who has a feeling of rancour, &c., against her husband]. (TA.) b2: And Difficulty of disposition in a beast: so in the phrase ذَاتُ ضِغْنٍ [A beast (دَابَّةٌ) having a difficult disposition]. (TA.) See also the phrase ذَاتُ شَغْبٍ وَضِغْنٍ, applied to a she-ass, in art. شغب. b3: And Inclination. (S, K.) One says, ضِغْنِى إِلَى فُلَانٍ My inclination is towards such a one. (S.) b4: And Desire; or yearning or longing of the soul. (K, TA.) One says نَاقَةٌ ذَاتُ ضِغْنٍ meaning A she-camel yearning towards, or longing for, her home, or accustomed place, (S, TA,) and her mates. (S. [See a verse cited voce رِفَاقٌ.]) And sometimes ضِغْنٌ is thus used, metaphorically, in relation to women. (TA.) A2: Also A side; or a region, quarter, or tract; syn. نَاحِيَةٌ. (K.) b2: And The إِبْط [i. e. foot, bottom, or lowest part,] of a mountain: thus correctly, as in the “ Nawádir: ” in the copies of the K, الجَمَل is erroneously put for الجَبَل. (TA.) ضَغِنٌ Affected with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite; as also ↓ ضَاغِنٌ. (Msb.) b2: And قَنَاةٌ ضَغِنَةٌ (tropical:) A crooked spear-shaft. (S, K, TA.) b3: See also ضَاغِنٌ.

ضَغُونٌ A horse, and a mare, that runs like him who reverts from the state in which he was, or from the course that he was following. (AO, TA. [See also ضَاغِنٌ.]) ضَغِينٌ: see ضِغْنٌ.

ضَغِينَةٌ: see ضِغْنٌ, in three places.

الضَّغِينِىُّ The lion: (K, TA:) as though a rel. n. from الضَّغِينَةُ: because he is very rancorous, malevolent, malicious, or spiteful. (TA.) ضَاغِنٌ: see ضَغِنٌ. b2: Also A horse that will not exert his power of running unless beaten; (S, K, TA;) and so ↓ ضَغِنٌ. (S, * TA. [See also ضَغُونٌ.]) مُضَاغِنٌ One who treats, or regards, his brother with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, or with enmity, being so regarded, or treated, by him; as also ↓ مُضْطَغِنٌ. (TA.) مُضْطَغِنٌ: see what next precedes.

غمر

1 غَمُرَ, as in some lexicons, or غَمَرَ, aor. ـُ accord. to all the copies of the K [consulted by SM], (TA,) or غَمِرَ, [aor. ـَ (as in the CK and my MS. copy of the K,) inf. n. غَمَارَةٌ and غُمُورَةٌ, [agreeably with analogy if غَمُرَ be the form of the verb, which is therefore most probably correct,] (K,) It (water) was, or became, much in quantity, abundant, copious, [or deep,] (K, B, TA,) so that it concealed its bottom. (B, TA.) You say مَا أَشَدَّ غُمُورَةَ هٰذَا النَّهْرِ How great is the abundance of the water of this river ! (S.) b2: [And (tropical:) He abounded in beneficence.] You say رَجُلٌ بَيِّنُ الغُمُورَةِ (tropical:) A man bearing evidence of abounding in beneficence. (S, K.) A2: غَمَرَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. غَمْرٌ, (Msb, K,) It (water, S, K, or the sea, Msb) [overflowed,] came over, or rose above, (S, Msb,) or covered, (K,) and concealed, (TA,) him, or it; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اغتمرهُ: (K:) and he (a man) veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, him, or it. (Msb.) b2: Hence, غَمَرَهُ القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people rose above him, or surpassed him, in eminence, (S, TA,) and in excel-lence. (TA.) b3: And رَأَيْتُهُ قَدْ غَمَرَ الجَمَاجِمَ بِطُولِ قَوَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw him to have overtopped the heads of others by the tallness of his stature]. (TA.) A3: غَمِرَ صَدْرُهُ عَلَىَّ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K, *) inf. n. غَمَرٌ (Yaakoob, S, Msb) and غِمْرٌ, (Yaakoob, S,) [or the latter is a simple subst.,] His bosom bore con-cealed enmity and violent hatred, or rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite, against me. (S, Msb, K.) A4: غَمِرَتْ يَدُهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. غَمَرٌ, (TA,) His hand was, or became, foul with the smell of flesh-meat, (S, K,) and with the grease thereof adhering to it. (K.) A5: غَمُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. غَمَارَةٌ, (S, [in my copy of the Msb written غَمَار, probably by a mistake of the copyist,]) He was inexperienced in affairs: (S, Msb:) Benoo-'Okeyl say غَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb.) You say فِيهِ غَمَارَةٌ and غَرَارَةٌ [In him is a want of experience in affairs]. (TA.) 2 غمّرت وَجْهَهَا, inf. n. تَغْمِيرٌ, She (a woman) smeared her face with غُمْرَة [q. v.]; (S;) as also بِالغُمْرَةِ ↓ اغتمرت, (K,) and ↓ تغمّرت. (S, K.) A2: غُمِّرَ, inf. n. تَغْمِيرٌ, He (a man) was deemed ignorant. (TA.) A3: غمّر فَرَسَهُ, inf. n. as above, He gave his horse water to drink in a cup, (K,) in the small cup called غُمَر, (TA,) because of the scarcity of water. (K.) IAar mentions the phrase غمّرهُ أَصْحُنًا He gave him to drink some bowls of water: making the verb doubly transitive. (TA.) 3 غامر فِى القِتَالِ and غامس فِيهِ signify the same [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He plunged, or threw himself, into the midst of fight, or conflict]. (TA in art. غمس.) [See also مُغَامِرٌ.] b2: And غامرهُ (assumed tropical:) He engaged with him in fight, or conflict, not caring for death. (S, O.) b3: And غامر signifies also (assumed tropical:) He contended in an altercation, or a dispute. (O.) 5 تغمّرت: see 2.

A2: تغمّر He drank from a small cup such as is called غُمَر: (K:) he drank a small quantity of water: (TA:) he drank less than would satisfy his thirst: (S:) he drank the smallest draught, less than would satisfy his thirst: (TA:) he did not satisfy his thirst with water; (K, * TA;) said of a camel, (K,) and of an ass. (TA.) A3: And تغمّرت المَاشِيَةُ The cattle ate what is termed غَمِير [q. v.]. (K.) 7 انغمر He immerged, dipped, or plunged, himself, or he became immerged, dipped, or plunged, (S, K,) in water, (S, TA,) and in a thing; (TA;) as also ↓ اغتمر. (K.) 8 إِغْتَمَرَ see 1: A2: and 7: A3: and 2.

غَمْرٌ Much, abundant, copious, [or deep,] water; (S, K;) as also ↓ غَمِيرٌ: (K:) or much, abundant, copious, [or deep,] water, that drowns, or submerges: (ISd, TA:) or that covers over him who enters into it: (IAth, TA:) [also used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning much, abundant, copious, or deep, water;] and ↓ غَمْرَةٌ signifies the same as غَمْرٌ [when thus used; or a submerging deep, a deep place, or an abyss, of water]: (TA:) pl. غِمَارٌ and غُمُورٌ. (S, K.) You say بَحْرٌ غَمْرٌ An abundant sea: and [in the pl.] بِحَارٌ غِمَارٌ, and غُمُورٌ. (S.) And of a thing that has become much, you say, هٰذَا كَثِيرٌ

↓ غَمِيرٌ This is much. (Az.) [See also الغَمَرِ.] b2: The main of the sea: (K:) pl. as above. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Liberal in disposition: (K, * TA:) pl. as above: (TA:) and in like manner, غَمْرُ الخُلُقِ: (TA:) or this last, and غَمْرُ البَدِيهَةِ, signify (tropical:) abounding in beneficence: pl. as above: (S, K: [see also رِدَآءٌ:]) and غَمْرُ البَدِيهَةِ (tropical:) a man who takes by surprise with large bounty. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A horse fleet, or swift, or excellent, in running. (S, * K, * TA.) b3: (tropical:) A garment ample, or full. (K, * TA.) A3: (assumed tropical:) A mixed crowd of men, (K,) and their thronging, pressing, or pushing, and multitude; (TA;) as also ↓ غَمَرٌ and ↓ غَمْرَةٌ and ↓ غُمَارٌ and ↓ غَمَارٌ: (K: [in the TA, instead of the last two words, I find غُمَارَةٌ and غَمَارَةٌ, as from the K, and غُمَارٌ and غَمَارٌ are afterwards there added: but most probably these only (without ة) are correct:]) and ↓ غَمْرَةٌ and ↓ غُمَارٌ and ↓ غَمَارٌ signify a crowding, or pressing, of men, (S, Msb,) and of water: (S:) the pl. of ↓ غَمْرَةٌ is غِمَارٌ. (S.) You say النَّاسِ ↓ دَخَلْتُ فِى غُمَارِ, and ↓ غَمَارِهِمْ, (S, Msb, TA,) and ↓ غَمَرِهِمْ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) I entered among the crowding, or pressing, of the people, (S, Msb, TA,) and their multitude: (S, TA;) as also فى خَمَرِهِمْ [and خُمَارِهِمْ &c.] (TA.) And ↓ أَكُونُ فِى غُمَارِ النَّاسِ, meaning I shall be among the dense congregation of the people, occurs in a trad. (TA.) A4: See also غُمْرٌ.

A5: لَيْلٌ غَمْرٌ means Intensely dark night. (TA.) غُمْرٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ غُمُرٌ (S, ISd) and ↓ غَمْرٌ and ↓ غِمْرٌ, accord. to the K, but this last is unknown, (TA,) and ↓ غَمَرٌ (K) and ↓ غَمِرٌ, (TA,) originally, A boy devoid of intelligence: and hence, (Msb,) a man (S, Msb) inexperienced in affairs: (S, Msb, K:) ignorant: (TA:) inexperienced in war and in counsel; not rendered firm, or sound, in judgment, by experience: (L:) one in whom is no profit nor judgment: (ISd, TA:) one in whom is no good nor profit with respect to intelligence or judgment or work: (Az, Msb:) and ↓ مُغَمَّرٌ signifies the same as غُمْرٌ; (S, TA;) or deemed ignorant: (TA:) the fem. of غُمْرٌ is with ة; (S, Msb;) and so is that of ↓ غَمِرٌ: (TA:) and the pl. of غُمْرٌ is أَغْمَارٌ; (S, Msb, TA;) and this may also be pl. of ↓ غَمَرٌ, like as أَسْبَابٌ is pl. of سَبَبٌ. (TA.) A2: See also غُمْرَةٌ.

غِمْرٌ Concealed enmity and violent hatred, or rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (S, Msb, K.) [See also غَمِرَ.] b2: And (assumed tropical:) Thirst: (S, Msb:) pl. أَغْمَارٌ. (S.) El-'Ajjáj says, حَتَّى إِذَا مَابَلَّتِ الأَغْمَارَا (tropical:) [Until, when they damped their thirst]. (S.) بَلَّتِ الإِبِلُ أَغْمَارَهَا means (tropical:) The camels drank a little. (TA.) A2: See also غُمْرٌ.

غَمَرٌ A drowning; being drowned: so in the phrase مَوْتُ الغَمَرِ Death by drowning. (TA.) A2: See also غَمْرٌ.

A3: The foul smell of flesh-meat, (S, Mgh, K,) and its grease adhering to the hand: (K:) and the smell of fish. (S.) Hence, مِنْدِيلُ الغَمَرِ (S, Mgh) The napkin, or rough napkin, with which the hand is cleansed therefrom. (L, TA.) A4: See also غُمْرٌ, in two places.

غَمِرٌ [part. n. of غَمِرَ]. You say يَدٌ غَمِرَةٌ A hand foul with the smell of flesh-meat, (S, K,) and with the grease thereof adhering to it. (K.) [See also سَهِكٌ.]

A2: See also غُمْرٌ, in two places.

A3: غَمِرَةٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel, see voce غَبِرٌ.

غُمَرٌ A small drinking-cup or bowl, (S, K,) with which people divided the water among themselves in a journey when they had little of it; and this they [sometimes] did by putting a pebble into a vessel, and then pouring into it as much water as would cover the pebble, and giving it to each man among them: (TA:) or the smallest of drinking-cups or bowls: (K:) [see قَعْبٌ; and تِبْنٌ:] accord. to ISh, it contains twice or thrice the quantity of the measure called كِيلَجَة: [but this seems to be a large غمر, used for watering a horse; and the words which here immediately follow are app. not added by ISh, but relate to the غمر used by a man for himself or for another man:] the قَعْب is larger than it, and satisfies the thirst of a man: the pl. is أَغْمَارٌ. (TA.) El-Aashà of Báhileh says, in an elegy on his brother ElMunteshir Ibn-Wahb, تَكْفِيهِ حُزَّةُ فِلْذٍ إِنْ أَلْمَّ بِهَا مِنَ الشِّوَآءِ وَيُرْوِى شُرْبَهُ الغُمَرُ [A slice of camel's liver, roasted, if he lighted upon it, used to suffice him; and the غُمَر used to satisfy his thirst]. (S, TA.) And Mohammad is related, in a trad., to have said, لَا تَجْعَلُونِى كَغُمَرِ الرَّاكِبِ صَلُّوا عَلَى أَوَّلَ الدُّعَآءِ وَأَوْسَطَهُ وَآخِرَهُ Make ye me not like the غُمَر of the rider: salute me in the beginning of prayer and in the middle thereof and in the end thereof: meaning that they should not make the salutation of him to be a thing of no great importance, and to be postponed: for the rider puts on his camel his saddle and his travel-ling-provisions, and last of all hangs upon his saddle his drinking-cup. (IAth, TA.) غُمُرٌ: see غُمْرٌ.

غَمْرَةٌ Water that rises above the stature of a man. (Bd in xxiii. 56.) See also غَمْرٌ, first sentence. b2: Hence, (Bd,) فَذَرْهُمْ فِى غَمْرَتِهِمْ, in the Kur xxiii. 56, (tropical:) Therefore leave thou them in [the submerging gulf, or flood, of] their ignorance; (Fr, Bd;) or in their error: (Jel:) or in their error and obstinacy and perplexity: (Zj, in explanation of another reading, فى غَمَرَاتِهِمْ:) and in like manner, فِى غَمْرَةٌ, in the same chap., verse 65, signifies in overwhelming heedlessness: (Bd:) or in ignorance: (Jel:) and in the Kur li. 11, in overwhelming ignorance: (Bd, Jel:) or غَمْرَةٌ signifies [here] a state of obstinate perseverance in vain or false affairs: (Lth, Msb, TA:) and غَمَرَاتٌ is the pl. (Msb.) You say هُوَ فِى غَمْرَةٍ

مِنْ لَهْوٍ, and شَبِيبَةٍ, and سُكْرٍ, (tropical:) [He is in a submerging gulf, or flood, of frivolous diversion, and of youthful folly, and of intoxication]. (TA.) And غَمَرَاتُ جَهَنَّمَ signifies [The fiery depths of Hell; or] the places, of Hell, that abound with fire. (TA.) b3: [Hence] غَمْرَةُ الخُصُومَةِ (assumed tropical:) The main part of the contention. (TA.) [And غَمْرَةُ الحَرْبِ (assumed tropical:) The main part, i. e. the thick, or thickest, of the fight or battle. (See also غَمَرَاتُ الحَرْبِ in what follows.)] b4: Hence likewise, غَمْرَةٌ signifies also (tropical:) Difficulty, trouble, distress, or rigour, (S, Msb, K,) and pressure, of a thing: (K:) pl. غَمَرَاتٌ (S, Msb, K) and غِمَارٌ (K) and غُمَرٌ. (S.) Hence, (Msb,) غَمَرَاتُ المَوْتِ (tropical:) The rigours, or pangs, (شَدَائِدُ,) of death: (S, Msb:) or غَمْرَةُ المَوْتِ signifies the agony, i. e. the vehemence of the troubles or disquietudes, of death: (TA:) and غَمَرَاتُ الحَرْبِ, and غِمَارُهَا, (assumed tropical:) the rigours of war. (TA.) b5: See also غَمْرٌ again, latter half, in three places.

غُمْرَةٌ A kind of liniment, made from [the plant called] وَرْس, (S, TA,) used by a bride, for her person: (TA:) or [the plant] ورس [itself]: (TA:) or saffron; as also ↓ غُمْرٌ: (K:) or كُرْكُمٌ [which also means saffron and bastard saffron]: or gypsum; syn. جِصٌّ: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, a mixture of dates and milk, with which the face of a woman is smeared, to render her skin fine: and the pl. is غُمَرٌ. (TA.) [See also خُمْرَةٌ.]

غمرة, [thus in the TA, app. غُمَرَةٌ, of the class of صُرَعَةٌ &c.,] as an epithet applied to a man, Valid in judgment or opinion, in cases of difficulty. (TA.) غَمَارٌ: see غَمْرٌ, latter half, in three places.

غُمَارٌ: see غَمْرٌ, latter half, in four places.

غَمِيرٌ: see غَمْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also A certain plant: (K:) or green herbage that is overtopped, or covered, and concealed, by what is dried up: (S, K: *) or herbage growing in the lower part, or at the root, of [other] herbage, (K, * TA,) so that the first [in growth] overtops, or covers, and conceals, it: (TA:) or any verdure that is little in quantity, (L, K, TA,) either ريحة [i. e.

رَيِّحَة, meaning what becomes green after the upper parts have dried,] or نبات [app. meaning herbage in general]: (L, TA:) or the grain of the [species of barley-grass called] بُهْمَى, (K, TA,) that falls from the ears thereof when it dries; so says AHn: or somewhat that comes forth in the بُهْمَى

in the first of the rain, succulent, or sappy, amid such as is dry; and غَمِير is not known in anything but the بُهْمَى: (TA:) the pl. is أَغْمِرَآءُ. (K.) ↓ غَمِيرَةٌ [is app. its n. un., but] is said by AO to mean Dry [trefoil, or clover, of the species called]

رَطْبَة and قَتّ, with which horses are foddered when they are prepared, by being reduced to scanty food, for racing or for a military expedition. (TA.) غَمِيرَةٌ: see what next precedes.

غَامِرٌ Much, or abundant: applied in this sense to property. (Ham p. 593.) [See also غَمْرٌ.]

A2: [In a state of immersion; immerged. (See أَتَانٌ; and see also a verse cited voce أَنْ, p. 106, first col.)] b2: And [hence, perhaps,] غَامِرَةٌ signifies Palm-trees (نَخْلٌ) not requiring irrigation: (AHn, K:) but Az did not find this to be known. (TA.) [See also مُغْتَمِرٌ.] b3: Applied to land, (S, Msb, TA,) and to a house, (TA,) [but written with ة when أَرْضٌ is mentioned, or دَارٌ,] it signifies the Contr. of عَامِرٌ; (S, TA;) and thus, (TA,) waste; desolate; in a state the contrary of flourishing; in a state of ruin; syn. خَرَابٌ: (Msb, K, TA:) [land to which this term is applied is thus called] because overflowed by water, so that it cannot be sown; or because it is covered with sand or dust; or because water generally exudes from it, so that it produces only reeds and the بَرْدِىّ [i. e. papyrus or other rushes]: by غَامِرٌ is meant ذُو غَمْرٍ; like as one says هَمٌّ نَاصِبٌ, meaning ذُو نَصَبٍ: (TA:) or any land that is not tilled (لَمْ يُسْتَخْرَجْ) so as to be fit for sowing (K, TA) and planting: (TA:) or land that is unsown, but capable of being sown: so called because the water reaches it and comes over it: of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (S, Msb;) like the epithets in سِرٌّ كَاتِمٌ and مَآءٌ دَافِقٌ; and made of the measure فال only to correspond to عَامِرٌ as its opposite: (S, TA:) waste land which water does not reach is not called غَامِرٌ; (S;) but such is called قَفْرٌ. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., [which shows that the last two explanations given above are correct,] that 'Omar imposed a tax of a دِرْهَم and a قَفِيز upon every جَرِيب [of land], both عَامِر and غَامِر: and this he did in order that the people might not be remiss in sowing. (Az, TA.) أَغْمَرُ [More, or most, abundant, copious, or deep: applied to water. b2: ] More, or most surpassing, or excelling: so in the saying, هُوَ أَغْمَرُهُمْ بِطُولِ قَوَامِهِ He is the most surpassing of them by the tallness of his stature. (TA.) مُغَمَّرٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with [غُمْرَة, or] saffron. (M, TA.) b2: مُغْمَّرَةٌ and ↓ مُتَغَمِّرَةٌ and ↓ مُغْتَمِرَةٌ A girl having her face smeared with غُمْرَة. (TA.) A2: See also غُمْرٌ.

مُغَمِّرٌ: see مُغَامِرٌ.

مَغْموُرٌ [Overflowed, or covered, and concealed, by water, &c. b2: ] Rained upon. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Overcome, subdued, or oppressed. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) An obscure man; of no reputation: (K, TA:) as though others surpassed him. (TA.) You say also, فُلَانٌ مغْمُورُ النَّٰسَبِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is of obscure race. (TA.) مُغَامِرٌ (assumed tropical:) One who plunges, or rushes without consideration, into places of peril: (S:) one who throws himself into difficulties, troubles, or distresses; as also ↓ مُغَمِّرٌ: (K:) or one who enters into difficulties, troubles, or distresses, and makes another, or others, to do so; like مُغَامِسٌ. (Ham p. 338.) Applied to a courageous man as meaning (assumed tropical:) One who incurs the rigours, or pangs, of death. (TA.) And (assumed tropical:) One who contends in an altercation, or a dispute: or who enters into the main part [or the thick or thickest] of an altercation or a dispute: and some say that it is from الغِمْرُ, and means regarding, and regarded, with rancour, malevolence, malice, or spite. (TA.) مُغْتَمِرٌ Palm-trees (نَخْلٌ) imbibing water from a copious source. (AHn, K.) [See also غَامِرَةٌ, voce غَامِرٌ.] b2: And (assumed tropical:) A drunken man: (Sgh, K, TA:) as though intoxication had drowned his reason. (TA.) A2: See also مُغَمَّرٌ.

مُتَغَمِّرَةٌ: see مُغَمَّرٌ.

جرب

1 جَرِبَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. جَرَبٌ, (Msb, TA,) He (a camel, S, A, Msb, K, and a man, S, or other animal, Msb,) was, or became, affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]. (S, Msb, K.) مَا لَهُ جَرِبَ وَحَرِبَ is a form of imprecation against a man [meaning What aileth him? may he have the scab, and be despoiled of all his wealth, or property: or may he have his camels affected with the mange, or scab, and be despoiled &c.: or may his camels be affected with the mange, or scab, &c.]: it may express a wish that he may be affected with جَرَب: or جَرِبَ may be put for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ: or it may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبلُهُ. (L.) b2: See 4. b3: Also (tropical:) i. q. هَلَكَتْ أَرْضُهُ [meaning His land had its herbage dried up by drought; or became such as is termed جَرْبَآء, fem. of أَجْرَبُ, q. v.]. (K.) 2 جرّبهُ, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْرِبَةٌ, (M, A, K,) or تَجْرِيبٌ, the former, which see also below, being a simple subst., (Msb,) or both, but the former is irreg., are inf. ns., (TA,) He tried, made trial of, made experiment of, tested, proved, assayed, proved by trial or experiment or experience, him, or it: (A, K:) or he tried it, made trial of it, &c., namely, a thing, time after time. (Msb.) [You say also جَرَّبَ, for جَرَّبَ الأُمُورَ, meaning He tried affairs: and hence, i. q.]

جُرِّبَ فِى الأُمُور [He became experienced, or expert, in affairs]. (T, TA.) And جَرَّبَتْهُ الأُمُورُ [Affairs, or events, tried him. &c.: and thus, rendered him experienced, or expert]. (S, TA.) And مَا جُرِّبتْ عَلَيْهِ فَعْلَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ قَطُّ [A foul action was never found to be chargeable upon him]. (S voce نُغْبَةٌ.) 4 اجرب He had his camels [or found them to be] affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]; (S, A, L, K;) as also ↓ جَرِبَ, (L, K,) which may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبِلُهُ; or used for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ in a saying mentioned above; see 1. (L.) Q. Q. 1 جَوْرَبَهُ He put on him [i. e., on his (another's) foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) Q. Q. 2 تَجَوْرَبَ He put on [i. e., on his own foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) And in like manner, تجورب جَوْرَبَيْنِ [He put on a pair of socks or stockings]. (TA.) جِرْبٌ: see جِرْبَةٌ.

جَرَبٌ [The mange, or scab;] a certain disease, (A,) well known; (S, A, K;) accord. to the medical books, (Msb,) a gross humour, arising beneath the skin, from the mixture of the salt phlegm, (Msb, MF,) or the phlegm of the flesh, (so in a copy of the Msb,) with the blood, accompanied with pustules, and sometimes with emaciation, in consequence of its abundance; (Msb, MF;) or [an eruption consisting of] pustules upon the bodies of men and camels. (M, TA.) You say, أعْدَى مِنَ الجَرَبِ عِنْدَ العَرَبِ [More transitive, or catching, than the mange, or scab, among the Arabs]: (A, TA:) a proverb. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Rust upon a sword. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A resemblance of rust upon the inner side of the جَفْن [or eyelid], (M, K,) sometimes covering the whole of it, and sometimes part of it. (M.) You say, بِأَجْفَانِهِ جَرَبٌ (tropical:) [In his eyelids is] a resemblance of rust upon their inner sides. (A.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A vice, a fault, a defect, an imperfection, or a blemish. (IAar, K.) جَرِبٌ: see أَجْرَبُ.

جِرْبَةٌ A place of seed-produce; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَرِيبٌ: (K:) and a tract of land such as is termed قَرَاح [i. e. a field, or land, sown or for sowing, without any building or trees in it; or land cleared for sowing and planting; or a separate piece of land in which palm-trees &c. grow; &c.]: (K:) metaphorically applied by Imra-el-Keys to [a grove of] palm-trees, where he says كَجِرْبَةِ نَخْلٍ أَوْ كَجَنَّةِ يَثْرِبَ [Like a grove of palm-trees, or like the plantation of Yethrib]: (AHn, TA:) or land prepared for sowing or planting: (AHn, K:) or a piece of land differing in condition from the land adjoining it, [i. e. a patch of land,] producing good plants or herbage: (Lth, TA:) the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is ↓ جِرْبٌ, (Lth, AHn,) like as تِبْنٌ is of تِبْنَةٌ, and سِدْرٌ of سِدْرَةٌ: (AHn:) or جِرْبٌ signifies a قَرَاح; and its pl. is جِرَبَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b2: A skin, or a mat, which is placed upon the brink of a well, lest the water should be scattered into the well [app. in falling from the bucket into the channel of the tank or cistern &c.]: or (a skin, TA,) that is placed in a rivulet or streamlet جَدْوَل [which is applied in the present day to an artificial streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench or gutter,]) that the water may flow down over it [app. from the well to the tank or cistern &c.]. (M, K.) جَرِبَةُ: see أَجْرَبُ, last sentence but one.

جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ: see أَجْرَبُ: A2: and for the latter, see جُرُبَّانٌ.

جُرْبَانٌ and جِرْبَانٌ: see جُرُبَّانٌ, in five places.

جُرُبَّآء and جِرِبَّآء: see what next follows.

جُرُبَّانٌ (S, MF, TA) and جِرِبَّانٌ, (Mj, MF, TA,) which are the two forms commonly known, (MF, TA,) or, accord. to the K, ↓ جِرْبَانٌ and ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to the L, ↓ جَرْبَانٌ, and sometimes ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to some copies of the K, [and so in the CK,] ↓ جِرِبَّآء and ↓ جُرُبَّآء, which are evident mistranscriptions, or, accord. to the 'Ináyeh of El-Khafájee, جَرِبَّانٌ, which is more strange, (MF,) but this last accords [most nearly] with its original, (TA,) [for it is] a Persian word arabicized, (S, TA,) originally گَرِيبَانْ; (TA;) The جَيْب [or opening at the neck and bosom] of a shirt: (K, TA:) or the part around the neck, upon which are sewed the buttons: (IB and TA in art. بنق:) or the [part called] لِبْنَة [q. v.] of a shirt. (S, TA.) b2: جُرُبَّانُ سَيْفٍ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ جُرْبَانُهُ, (K, TA,) or ↓ جِرْبانهُ, (CK,) The edge (حَدّ) of a sword: (K:) or a thing [i. e. a case] (K, TA) of sewed leather (TA) in which are put a sword and its scabbard with the cords or belts by which it is suspended: (K, TA;) i. q. قِرَابُهُ: (S: [see also جِرَابٌ:]) or a large sword-case in which are a man's sword and his whip and what else he requires: (Fr, TA: [also called جُلُبَّان and جِلِبَّان and جُلْبَان:]) in the L, the first is [also] said to signify the scabbard of a sword. (TA.) جِرْبِيَآءُ [a word of a very rare form, (see كِبْرِيَآءُ,)] The north-west wind; a wind of the kind termed نَكْبَآءُ, that blows in a direction between that of the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شَمَال and that of the [west wind, or westerly wind, called] دَبُور, and that dispels the clouds: (S, TA:) it is a cold wind, and is sometimes attended by a little rain: (TA in art. نكب, q. v.:) or the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شمال: or the cold of that wind: (K, TA:) or, (K,) as also أَزْيَبُ, (TA,) the south east wind; the wind that blows in a direction between that of the [south wind, or southerly wind, called]

جَنُوب and that of the [east wind, or easterly wind, called] صَبَا. (K, TA.) b2: Also, with the article ال, a name of The seventh earth: corresponding to العِرْبِيَآءُ, a name of “the seventh heaven.” (TA.) A2: Also A weak man. (K.) جِرَابٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) not جَرَابٌ, (ISk, Msb, K,) or this latter is of weak authority, (K, TA,) or peculiar to the vulgar, (S, L,) A provisionbag for travellers: (K, Har p. 174:) or a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.,; syn. وِعَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or such a receptacle made of sheep-skin, in which nothing is kept but what is dry: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] جُرُبٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرْبٌ, (S, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, (TA,) and [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: (tropical:) A sword-case; or a case, or receptacle, in which a sword is put with its scabbard and its suspensory belt or cord; syn. قِرَابُ سَيْفٍ. (TA. [See also جُرُبَّانٌ.]) b3: (assumed tropical:) The scrotum. (K.) b4: جِرَابُ القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) [The pericardium, or heart-purse]. (K in art. ثهت, &c.) b5: جِرَابُ البِئْرِ (assumed tropical:) The cavity of the well; (M, K;) or (tropical:) its interior, (Lth, S, M, A,) from top to bottom. (Lth, S, M.) You say, اِطْوِ جِرَابَهَا بِالحِجَارَةِ Case thou its interior with stones. (A.) جَرِيبٌ A certain measure, (M, A, Mgh, K,) or quantity, of wheat, (S, Msb,) consisting of four أَقْفِزَة [pl. of قَفِيزٌ]: (M, A, Msb, K:) or ten اقفزة; each قفيز thereof consisting of ten أَعْشِرَآء

[pl. of عَشِيرٌ]; so that the عشير is the hundredth part of the whole: (TA:) or, as some say, a measure differing in different countries; as is the case of the رطْل and مُدّ and ذِرَاع &c. (MF, TA.) For the pl., see what follows. b2: Hence, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) A certain quantity of land; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as much as is sown with the measure of seed so called; (A, Mgh;) like as mules and the space that they travel are termed بَرِيدٌ: (A, Mgh: *) it is sixty cubits by sixty cubits; accord. to Kudámeh, the extent termed أَشْل multiplied by itself; the اشل being sixty cubits; the cubit being six قَبَضَات; and the قَبْضَة, four أَصَابِع: the tenth part of the جريب is called قفيز, and the tenth of the قفيز is called عشير; so that the قفيز is ten اعشراء: (Mgh:) it is a distinct portion of land, differing according to the different conventional usages of the people of different provinces: it is said that the width of six moderate-sized barleycorns is called إِصْبَعٌ; the قبضة is four اصابع; the ذِرَاع is six قبضات; ten أَذْرُع are called قَصَبَةٌ; ten قَصَبَات are called اشل; and the جريب is the extent termed اشل multiplied by itself: the اشل multiplied by the قصبة is called قفيز; and the اشل multiplied by the ذراع is called عشير: so the جِريب is ten thousand cubits: or, accord. to Kudámeh the Scribe, it is three thousand and six hundred cubits: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ and [of mult.] جُرْبَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرُوبٌ. (R, TA.) See also جِرْبَةٌ. b3: Also A valley; (Lth, Msb, K; [accord. to the second of which, this is the primary signification;]) i. e., in an absolute sense; and, with the article ال, the name of a particular valley in the territory of Keys: (TA:) pl. أَجْرِبَةٌ. (Lth, TA.) جَوْرَبٌ [A sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings;] the wrapper of the foot or leg: (K:) or a pair of woollen envelopes for the feet, used for warmth: (TA:) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) from the Persian گُورَبْ, originally گُورْ, i. e. “tomb of the foot:” (TA:) pl. جَوَارِبَةٌ and جَوَارِبُ; (S, A, Msb, K;) in the former of which, the ة is added because it is originally a foreign word. (S, TA.) You say, هُوَ

أَنْتَنُ مِنْ رِيحِ الجَوْرَبِ [He, or it, is more stinking than the smell of socks, or stockings]. (A, TA.) جَوَارِبِىٌّ A maker of جَوَارِب [i. e. socks or stockings]. (TA.) أجْرَبُ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ جَرِبٌ (A, Mgh, K) and ↓ جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ (K accord. to different copies) [Mangy, or scabby;] affected with what is termed جَرَب: (S, A, Msb, K:) applied to a camel, (A, Msb,) and to a man: (S, A:) fem. (of the first, Msb) جَرْبَآءُ (A, Msb) and [of the second] جَرِبَةٌ: (A:) pl. (of the first, S, Msb) جُرْبٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and (of the first, S, Mgh, TA, or of the second, Mgh, or of the third agreeably with analogy, TA) جَرْبَى (S, Mgh, K) and [of the first] أَجَارِبُ, which is like certain pls. of substantives, as أَجَادِلُ and أَنَامِلُ, (TA,) and (of the first contrary to rule, like عِجَافٌ and بِطَاحٌ and عِصَالٌ which are pls. of أَعْجَفُ and أَبْطَحُ and أَعْصَلُ, Msb, or of the second, IB, K, or of جُرْبٌ, which is pl. of the first, S) جِرَابٌ: (S, IB, Msb, K:) this last occurs in the following verse [of ‘Amr, or' Omeyr, Ibn-El-Hobáb, or El-Khabbáb; these variations being in different copies of the K; but in the TA art. نشر, and in a copy of the S in that art. and in the present one, ‘Omeyr Ibn-El-Khabbáb]: وَفِينَا وَإِنْ قِيلَ اصْطَلَحْنَا تَضَاغُنٌ كَمَا طَرَّ أَوْبَارُ الجِرَابِ عَلَى النَّشْرِ (S, K *) Within us, though it be said that we have made peace, one with another, and we are on good terms outwardly, is mutual rancour: as the soft wool of the mangy camels (while disease lurks beneath, within them, TA) grows by reason of [eating] the نشر [or herbage] that becomes green at the and of summer (in consequence of rain falling upon it, TA) and is injurious to animals that pasture upon it: (K, TA:) and it is said by IB, and in the K, that جراب, here, is pl. of جَرِبٌ, not, as J says, of جُرْبٌ: but MF observes that فِعَالٌ is the pl. measure of several words of the measure فُعْلٌ, as رُمْحٌ and دُهْنٌ, and is even said by IHsh and Ibn-Málik and AHei to be regularly applicable to sings. of this latter measure; whereas no grammarian nor Arabic scholar asserts that a word of the measure فَعِلٌ assumes فِعَالٌ as the measure of its pl. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سَيْفٌ أَجْرَبُ (tropical:) A sword reddened by much rust, which cannot be removed from it unless with a file. (A.) b3: And أَرْضٌ جَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) Land affected with. drought: (S, A, Msb, K: *) or salt land, affected with drought, and containing nothing. (ISd, TA.) b4: And الجَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) The sky; (S, M, A, K;) so called because of the stars (S, TA) and the milky way, (TA,) as though it were scabbed with stars; (S, IF, ISd;) its stars being likened to the marks of جَرَب; (A;) like as the sea is called أَجْرَدُ, and like as the sky is also called رَقِيع because [as it were] patched with stars: (AAF, ISd:) or that tract of the sky in which the sun and moon revolve: (M, K:) or the lowest heaven: (AHeyth, TA:) and accord. to the M, جربة [so in the TA, app. ↓ جَرِبَةُ,] is applied as a determinate [proper] name to the sky. (TA.) b5: and جَرْبَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A beautiful girl; (IAar, K;) so called because the women separate themselves from her, seeing that their goodly qualities are rendered foul by comparison with hers. (IAar, TA.) تَجْرِبَةٌ is a subst. from جَرَّبَ: (Msb:) or it is an inf. n. of that verb, (M, A, K,) and is one of the inf. ns. from which pls. are formed: (M, TA:) its pl. is تَجَاربُ (M, Msb, TA) and تَجَارِيبُ, (M, TA.) En-Nábighah says, إِلَى اليَوْمِ قَدْ جُرِّبْنَ كُلَّ التَّجَارِبِ [To this day, they (referring to females) have been tried with every kind of tryings]: and El-Aashà

says, كَمْ جَرَّبُوهُ فَمَا زَادَتْ تَجَارِبُهُمْ

أَبَا قُدَامَةَ إِلَّا المَجْدَ وَالقَنَعَا [How often have they tried him, and their tryings of Aboo-Kudámeh have not increased aught save his glory and contentment!]; تجارب being here a pluralized inf. n. made to govern an objective complement; which is a strange fact. (M, TA.) [But in this latter instance, we may consider ابا قدامة as a first objective complement of رادت, and شَيْئَا, understood before الّا, as a second objective complement of the same verb.]

مُجْرِبٌ A man who has his camels affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]: whence the prov., لَا إِلَاهَ لِمُجْرِبٍ [There is no god to one who has his camels affected with the mange]; as though he renounced his god by frequently swearing falsely by him that he had no pitch when it was demanded of him [for the purpose of curing other camels]: (A:) or لَا أَلِيَّةَ لِمْجْرِبٍ [There is no oath to one who has his camels affected with the mange; for the reason above mentioned, or because he is likely to deny that he has mangy camels lest his camels should be prevented from coming to water: and hence also,] أَكْدَبُ مِنْ مُجْرِبٍ [More lying than one who has his camels affected with the mange]; another prov. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 382.]) مُجَرَّبٌ One who has been tried, or proved, in affairs, and whose qualities have become known: (T, TA:) or one who has been tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs: (S:) [experienced, or expert, in affairs:] or one whose qualities have been tried, or proved. (K, TA.) And ↓ مُجَرِّبٌ One having experience in affairs. (K, TA.) In general, but not always, (MF,) the Arabs used the former of these two epithets [which are virtually synonymous]. (S, MF.) b2: دَرَاهِمُ مُجَرَّبَةٌ Weighed money. (Kr, K.) b3: المُجَرَّبُ The lion. (Sgh, K.) A2: [It is also employed as an inf. n. of 2, in accordance with a usage of which there are many other instances; as in the saying,] أَنْتَ عَلَى المُجَرَّبِ [Thou art about to have the proof, or experience]: a prov., mentioned by Az: said to him who asks respecting a thing which he is about to know of himself: originally said by a woman to a man who asked her an indecent question which he was himself about to resolve. (TA.) مُجَرِّبٌ: see مُجَرَّبٌ.

جهش

1 جَهَشَ إِلَيْهِ, (S, K,) and جَهِشَ, (K,) which latter, accord. to IDrd, is the more common, (TA,) aor. ـَ inf. n. جَهْشٌ (S, K) and جُهُوشٌ and جَهَشَانٌ, (K,) He betook himself to him by reason of fright or fear, seeking protection, and being about, or ready, to weep; like as the child betakes himself to his mother by reason of fright or fear, (As, S, K,) and to his father, (As,) being about, or ready, to weep; (As, S;) as also ↓ أَجْهَشَ. (AO, S, K.) b2: جَهَشَتْ نَفْسُهُ, (S, A,) or جَهَشَتْ إِلَيْهِ نَفْسُهُ, inf. n. جُهُوشٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَجْهَشَتْ; (S, A, TA;) His soul heaved, (S, A,) and he was about, or ready, to weep: (A:) or his soul heaved, and quitted him. (TA.) b3: جَهَشَ لِلشَّوْقِ وَالحُزْنِ He was ready, or about, to desire, and to mourn: (IDrd:) and بِالبُكَآءِ ↓ أَجْهَشَ He was ready, or about, to weep. (El-Umawee, K.) b4: جَهَشَ مِنَ الشَّىةءِ, (AA, K,) and جَهِشَ, (K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. جَهَشَانٌ, (AA, K,) He was frightened at the thing, or afraid of it: (AA, K:) or he fled from the thing.. (Sgh, K.) b5: جَهَشُوا فَزِعِينَ They came quickly to me, frightened. (A.) b6: يَجْهَشُ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ He removes, and goes quickly, from land to land. (K.) b7: جَهَشَ

إِلَى القَوْمِ, inf. n. جَهْشٌ, He came to the people, or company of men. (TA.) 4 أَجْهَشَ see 1, in three places.

A2: اجهش فُلَانًا He hastened such a one. (Ibn-'Abbaád, K.) جَهْشَةٌ A flow of tears (A, K, TA) falling one after another on the occasion of جَهْش [or the betaking oneself to another by reason of fright or fear, &c.]. (TA.) A2: A company of men; as also ↓ جَاهِشَةٌ: (K:) or the latter signifies a party, and a multitude, of men. (TA.) جُهُوشٌ Quick; who removes, and goes quickly, from land to land. (K.) جَاهشَةٌ: see جَهْشَةٌ.

جبل

1 جَبَلَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K) and جَبِلَ, (K,) inf. n. جَبْلٌ, (KL.) He (God) created him. (S, Msb, K, KL.) So in the phrase, جَبَلَهُ عَلَى كَذَا, (Msb,) or على الشَّىْءِ, (K,) He (God) created him with an adaptation, or a disposition, to such a thing, or to the thing; adapted him, or disposed him, by nature thereto. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., جُبِلَتِ القُلُوبُ عَلَى حُبِّ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهَا وَبُغْضِ مَنْ أَسَآءَ إِلَيْهَا [Hearts are created with a disposition to the love of him who does good to them, and the hatred of him who does evil to them]. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) i. q. جَبَرَهُ [evidently as meaning He compelled him, against his will, عَلَى الأَمْرِ to do the thing; for he who is created with a disposition to do a thing is as though he were compelled to do it]; and so ↓ اجبلهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِجْبَالٌ. (TA.) A2: جَبِلَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became like a mountain (جَبَل) in bigness, thickness, coarseness, or roughness. (TA.) b2: جَبِلَ حَدِيدُهُمْ (K, TA; in the CK, جَبَلَ; and in a MS. copy of the K, without any vowels;) (assumed tropical:) Their iron was, or became, blunt, such as would not penetrate. (K, * TA.) 3 جابل He (a man) alighted, or descended and abode, or sojourned, or settled, in a mountain. (AA, TA.) 4 اجبل He came, or went, or betook himself, to the mountain. (ISk, S, K.) b2: (tropical:) He (a digger) reached a hard place, (S, K,) or stone, (Mgh,) in his digging. (TA. [الحَافِر, meaning “ the digger,” Golius seems to have misunderstood as meaning “ the hoof ” of a horse.]) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) He (a poet) experienced difficulty in diction, (K, TA,) so that he said nothing original, nor anything in the way of repetition. (TA.) b4: And طَلَبَ حَاجَةً فَأَجْبَلَ (assumed tropical:) He sought a thing that he wanted, and failed of attaining it. (TA.) b5: And سَأَلْنَاهُمْ فَأَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) We asked them, and they refused, and did not give. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, TA.) b6: And أَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) Their iron became blunt, so that it would not penetrate. (K, * TA.) A2: اجبلهُ (tropical:) He found him to be a جَبَل, i. e. a niggard: (K, TA:) it is considered as implying fixedness. (TA.) b2: See also 1.5 تجبّلوا They entered a mountain: (K:) or, accord. to the O, you say, تجبّل القَوْمُ الجِبَالَ, meaning, the people, or company of men, entered the mountains. (TA.) جَبْلٌ (assumed tropical:) Big, thick, coarse, or rough; (TA;) as also ↓ جَبِلٌ , applied to a thing (S, O, K) of any kind: (K:) or this latter is applied to an arrow, signifying (assumed tropical:) coarsely, roughly, or rudely, pared. (K.) You say رَجُلٌ جَبْلُ الرَّأْسِ , (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, جَبَلُ الرأس ,]) and الوَجْهِ, (TA,) (tropical:) A man having a big, thick, coarse, or rough, head, and face; (TA;) having little sweetness. (K, TA.) [See also جَبِيلٌ.] and ↓ رَجُلٌ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, and heavy, man. (Ham p. 818.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (K [in one place in the CK جَبَلَةٌ and جِبْلَةٌ, but only جَبْلَةٌ accord. to the TA,]) and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (S, K) (tropical:) A woman big, thick, coarse, or rough, (S, K, TA,) in make; (S;) large in make. (TA.) And خِلْقَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, make. (Ham p. 821.) And نَاقَةٌ جَبْلَةُ السَّنَامِ (tropical:) A she-camel having an increasing hump. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ جَبْلٌ and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A sword not made thin. (TA.) A2: Also (K, TA, [in the CK, جَبَل,]) A court [of a house]; syn. سَاحَةٌ. (K.) جُبْلٌ: see جِبْلٌ: b2: and جِبِلٌّ.

A2: Also Dry trees. (K.) جِبْلٌ Much; or numerous; (S, K;) as also ↓ جُبْلٌ (K.) So in the phrases مَالٌ جِبْلٌ [Much property; or numerous cattle]; and حَىٌّ جِبْلٌ A numerous tribe. (S.) b2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places.

جَبَلٌ [A mountain: or] any of the mountains (أَوْتَاد [lit. “pegs,” or “stakes,” a term applied to the mountains because they are supposed to make the earth firm, or fast,]) of the earth, that is great and long; (Mgh, K;) or, as some say, only such as is long; (Msb;) such as is isolated being called أَكَمَةٌ, or قُنَّةٌ: (K:) [and also applied to a rocky tract; any rocky elevation, however little elevated:] and sometimes it means stone; [or rock;] such, for instance, as is reached by the digger: and hence it is applied to Es-Safà and El-Marweh: (Mgh:) pl. [of mult.] جِبَالٌ (S, Msb, K) and (of pauc., Msb) أَجْبُلٌ (Msb, K) and أَجْبَالٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A man who does not remove from his place: you say of such a one, هُوَ جَبَلٌ. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A niggard. (K, TA.) [See 4.] b4: (tropical:) The lord, or chief, of a people, or company of men: and their learned man. (Fr, K, TA.) b5: ابْنَةُ الجَبَل (assumed tropical:) The serpent: (K:) because it keeps to the جَبَل. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Calamity, or misfortune. (K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) The bow that is made from the tree called نَبْع; (K, TA;) because this is one of the trees of the جَبَل. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) The echo. (Har p. 472.) جَبُلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبِلٌ: see جَبْلٌ. b2: Also, applied to the iron head, or blade, of an arrow, or of a spear, or of a sword, &c., (tropical:) Blunt; that will not penetrate into a thing: (Ibn-' Abbád, K, * TA:) and so, with ة, applied to a فَأْس. (TA.) جُبُلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبْلَةٌ (K, TA, [in the CK جَبَلَةٌ,]) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ The face: or the بَشَرَة [or external skin] thereof: or the part thereof that is turned towards one. (K.) A2: Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) A vice, fault, defect, or blemish. (K.) A3: And Strength. (K.) b2: And Hardness of the earth, or ground. (Lth, K.) A4: See also جُبْلَةٌ: A5: and see جِبْلَپٌ.

جُبْلَةٌ A camel's hump; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَبْلَةٌ. (K.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ: A3: and see جِبِلَّةٌ, in two places.

جِبْلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ. b2: Also The origin, or stock, (K, TA,) of any created thing; (TA;) and so ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ. (K, TA.) b3: The fundamental nature, or composition, of a mountain. (TA.) b4: ثَوْبٌ جَيِّدُ الجِبْلَةِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, good in respect of the thread (K, TA) and the weaving. (TA.) b5: رَجُلٌ ذُو جِبْلَةٍ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, man. (S, K.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places: A3: and see جَبْلَةٌ.

جَبَلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ.

جُبُلٌّ: see what next follows.

جِبِلٌّ and ↓ جُبُلٌّ and ↓ جِبْلٌ [accord. to the CK like عَدْلٌ, but correctly like عِدْلٌ,] and ↓ جُبْلٌ and ↓ جُبُلٌ, (S, K,) accord. to different readings of the instance occurring in the Kur xxxvi. 62, the first being the reading of the people of ElMedeeneh, (S,) [and the most common,] A great company of men; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلٌ: (K:) or [simply] a company of men; (S;) as also ↓ جَبُلٌ, accord. to Kh; (Sgh, TA;) and so ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ: which last three signify also the same as أُمَّةٌ [a nation, or people, &c.]: (K:) it is said [by some] that جِبِلٌّ is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ meaning a numerous company: (TA:) جِبَلَةٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلٌ: one says, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ جِبَلَتَكُمْ [May God remove far from prosperity, or success,] your companies: (Fr, TA:) and جِبَلٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلَةٌ. (Bd in xxxvi. 62.) جُبُلَّةٌ Much, or an abundance, or a large quantity or number, or anything; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ. (K.) A2: See also جِبْلَةٌ: A3: and see what next follows, in two places.

جِبِلَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلَةٌ (Sgh, MF) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ (AA, S, K) and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبَلَةٌ, (K,) but this last, accord. to MF, is unknown, (TA,) Nature; or natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; idiosyncrasy; syn. خِلْقَةٌ (AA, S, Sgh, Msb, K) and طَبِيعَةٌ (Msb, K) and غَرِيزَةٌ; all these signifying the same: (Msb:) pl. of the first جِبِلَّاتٌ. (S.) Hence, in the Kur [xxvi. 184], وَالجِبِلَّةَ الأَوَّلِينَ, (S,) meaning الخَلِيقَةَ, (Jel,) or ذَوِي الجِبِلَّةِ, i. e. And the preceding created beings: (Bd:) El-Hasan read with damm [i. e. ↓ الجُبُلَّةَ or ↓ الجثبْلَةَ]. (S.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in three places: b2: and see جُبُلَّةٌ.

جَبَلِىٌّ Of, or relating to, a mountain or mountains; contr. of سُهْلِىٌّ. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) جِبِلّىٌّ Natural; i. e. of, or relating to, the natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; like طَبِيعِىٌّ; i. e. essential; resulting from the Creator's ordering of the natural disposition in the body. (Msb.) جِبَالٌ (tropical:) The body, with, or without, the members; syn. جَسَدٌ and بَدَنٌ; (K, TA;) as being likened to a mountain in bigness [?]. (TA.) One says, أَحْسَنَ اللّٰهُ جِبَالَهُ, meaning, (tropical:) [May God render beautiful] his body (جَسَدَهُ): and [render good] his created خُلُق [or mind, with its qualities and attributes: but I rather think that خُلُق is here a mistranscription for خَلْق, meaning make]. (Ibn-' Abbád, TA.) جَبِيلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

A2: جَبِيلُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) A man having a bad, or an ugly, face. (K, TA.) [See also جَبْلٌ.]

جَبِيلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ.

مِجْبَالٌ: see جَبْلٌ, in three places.

مَجْبُولٌ, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Great, large, or big, (K, TA,) in make; as though he were a mountain. (TA.)

كبر

1 كَبُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. كُبْرٌ (A, Msb, K) and كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ, (A, K,) He, (TA,) or it, (Msb,) was, or became, great, [big, or large in body, or corporeal substance: and in years, or age; (when said of a human being, often particularly signifying he attained to puberty;) and in estimation or rank or dignity;] contr. of ضَغُرَ; (A, K;) syn. عَظُمَ, (S, Msb, K,) and جَسُمَ. (K.) [In the K the pret. is twice mentioned: where it is explained as signifying the contr. of صَغُرَ, the above inf. ns. are mentioned, as in the A: where it is explained by عَظُمَ and جَسُمَ in the K, no inf. n. is mentioned; but in the TA it is there said that in the sense of عَظُمَ it relates to an affair or case, and that the inf. n. is كِبَرٌ and كَبَارَةٌ; and that in the sense of جَسُمَ it relates to anything.] b2: كَبُرَ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or case, was, or became, of great moment; it was, or became, momentous: or it signifies as in the phrase next following]. (A.) b3: كَبُرَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ The affair, or case, was, or became, difficult, hard, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome, to him or in its effect upon him; syn. شَقَّ. (A, * TA.) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur, x, 72, (TA,) and xlii, 11. (Bd, ii. 42.) and so in the Kur again, xvii, 53, أَوْ خَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِى صدُورِكُمْ, (TA,) meaning, أَوْخَلْقًا مِمَّا يَكْبُرُ عِنْدَكُمْ عَنْ قُبُولِ الحَيَاةِ [Or a created thing of those which are too difficult in your minds to receive life], as being the thing most remote from capability to receive life. (Bd.) [This signification is from the primary application of the verb.]

A2: كَبِرَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. كِبَرٌ and مَكْبِرٌ, He (a man, S, a human being, and a beast, TA, and a child, Msb,) became full-grown, or old, or advanced in age. (S, K.) Hence the prov., كَبِرَ عَمْرُو عَنِ الطَّوْقِ: see art. طوق.] b2: [In modern Arabic, and, I believe, sometimes, in classic authors, it also signifies He became big; (said of a boy, or child, in the TA in art. رع, &c.;) i. e. attained to full growth: and to adolescence: and to puberty: see كَبِيرٌ.] This form of the verb and that first mentioned are sometimes erroneously used, each for the other, by persons of distinction as well as by the vulgar. (TA.) b3: See كَبْرَةٌ, below.

A3: كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter, كَبُرَ: see 3. b2: كَبَرَهُ بِسَنَةٍ, aor. ـُ He exceeded me in age by a year. (K.) and مَا كَبَرَنِى إِلَّا بِسَنَةٍ He did not exceed me in age save by a year. (IAar.) 2 كبّر, inf. n. تكَبِيرٌ, He made a thing great. (K.) b2: He magnified, or honoured; syn. عَظَّمَ. (S) b3: Also, inf. n. as above, and كِبَّارٌ, (Sgh, K,) which latter is of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab and many of the people of El-Yemen, (Sgh,) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر. (K.) See أَكْبَرُ, below.3 كَابَرْتُهُ فَكَبَرْتُهُ, aor. of the latter كَبُرَ, [I contended, or disputed, with him for superiority in greatness, and I overcame him therein.] (A.) You say كَابَرَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا Such a one disputed with such a one for superiority in greatness, and said I am greater than thou. (A.) b2: كابرهُ, inf. n. مُكَابَرَةٌ, He vied with him; or contended with him for superiority; syn. غَالَبَهُ: and he contended against him; or he contended against him, or disputed with him, not knowing the truth or falsity of what he or his adversary said; syn. عَانَدَهُ: (Msb:) or he contended or disputed with him, knowing that what he himself said was false, and that what his adversary said was true. (Kull, p. 342.) b3: It is said in a trad., لَاتُكَابِرُوا الصَّلَاةَ, meaning, لَا تُغَالِبُوهَا [app., Contend not ye against prayer.] (TA.) b4: كُوبِرَ فَأَبَى [It was contended with, and refused, or would not]: said of what he would utter by a man who had an impediment in his speech. (A.) b5: كَابَرَهُ عَلَى حَقِّهِ He denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right, or due, and contended with him for it; expl. by جَاحَدَهُ وَغَالَبَهُ. (A, TA. [See 1 in art. جحد.]) b6: كُوبِرَ عَلَى مَالِهِ He had his property taken from him by force. (A, TA.) 4 اكبرهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِكْبَارٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ استكبرهُ; (K;) He deemed it great [or formidable; see an ex., voce فَظِعَ;] it was great in his estimation; (IJ, K;) syn. إِسْتَعْظَمَهُ. (S, Msb.) b2: اكبرت She brought forth a great child, or young one. (IKtt.) b3: أَصْغَرَتِ النَّاقَةُ وَأَكْبَرَتْ: see art. صغر.5 تكبّر and ↓ استكبر (S, K) and ↓ تكابر (K) He magnified himself; behaved proudly, haughtily, or insolently; (K;) syn. تَعَظَّمَ: (S:) or تكبّر signifies, as used in the Kur, vii. 143, he considered himself as of the most excellent of the creation, and as having rights which others have not: (Zj:) or this verb has two significations: one of them, he did really good and great actions, exceeding the good actions of others; and hence المُتَكَبِّرُ [applied to God] in the Kur, lix. 23: the other, he affected to do such actions, and boasted of great qualities which he did not possess; as do the generality of men; and hence, مُتَكَبِّر in the Kur, xl. 37; and the verb itself in the Kur, vii. 143: and ↓ استكبر is nearly syn. with تكبّر, and likewise has two significations: one of them, he endeavoured, and sought, to become great; and to do so, when the manner and place and time are such as are requisite, is praiseworthy: the other, he boasted of qualities which he did possess, and feigned such qualities; and to do so is blameable; and in this sense the verb is used in the Kur, ii. 32: (El-Basáïr:) and ↓ تكابر signifies he feigned himself great in estimation or rank or dignity, or in age. (A, TA.) b2: تكبّر عَلَى اللّٰهِ He magnified himself against God, by refusing to accept the truth. (El-Basáïr.) b3: [تكبّر عَنْ كَذَا He was disdainful of such a thing; he disdained it; turned from it with disdain; he held himself above it; like تَعَظَّمَ and تَعَاظَمَ and تَجَالَّ and تَرَفَّعَ.]6 تَكَاْبَرَ see 5, in two places.10 إِسْتَكْبَرَ see 4: A2: see also 5, in two places.

كُبْرٌ: see كِبْرٌ, in two senses: A2: and see كِبْرَةٌ in three places.

كِبْرٌ Greatness [in corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity]. (IKoot, Msb.) b2: Nobility; eminence; highness; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ: (K:) eminence, or highness, in, or with respect to, nobility; (K;) as also ↓ كُبُرٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: I. q. عَظَمَةٌ [which, as an attribute of God, signifies greatness, or majesty, or the like: (see مُنَكَبِّرٌ:) and as an attribute of a man, pride]: (S, Msb, K:) a subst. from التَّكَبُّرُ: (Msb:) as also ↓ كِبْرِيَآءُ; (S, Msb, K;) a word, says Kr, of which there is not the like [in measure], except سِيمِيَآءُ and جِرْبِيَآءُ; for, he adds, as to كِيمِيَآءُ, I think it a foreign word: (TA:) the latter [↓ كِبْرِيَاءُ] occurs as an attribute of God, in the sense of عَظَمَةٌ, (A, Mgh, Jel,) in the Kur, xlv. 36: (Jel:) and as an attribute of men, in the Kur, x. 79, where it is said to signify proud behaviour towards others, (Bd,) or dominion: (IAmb, Bd, Jel:) and both signify pride, haughtiness, or insolence: (K:) or the former, self-admiration, or self-conceit; and the holding one's self greater than others: and the ↓ latter, disdain of submission; an attribute to which none but God has a right. (El-Basáïr.) b4: Unbelief: the association of any other being with God. So in a trad., in which it is said, that he who has in his heart the weight of a grain of mustard-seed of كِبْر shall not enter paradise. (TA.) b5: See also كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: The main, or greater, or greatest, part of a thing; (Fr. ISk, Az, S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ كُبْرٌ, (Fr, Mgh, Sgh, K,) like عُظْمٌ; (Fr;) thought by Ibn-ElYezeedee to be a dial. form; but Az says, that the Arabs used the other form [كِبْرٌ]. (TA.) So in the Kur, xxiv. 11, وَالَّذِى تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ (Fr, S) And he who took upon himself, or undertook, the main part thereof; namely, of the very wicked lie against 'Áïsheh: (Jel:) thus accord. to the “ Seven Readers ”: and ↓ كُبْرَهُ, which is an extr. reading, (Msb,) the reading of Homeyd Ibn-El-Aaraj, (Fr, Sgh,) and of Yaakoob. (Sgh, Bd.) كُبْرُ سِيَاسَةِ النَّاسِ فِى المَالِ, [app. signifies The main part of men's management is with respect to property, or camels, &c.]. (S.) كَبَرٌ [The caper, or capparis of Linnæus;] a certain plant having thorns; (TA;) an arabicized word, from the Persian [كَبَرْ]; (S;) called in Arabic لَصَفٌ, (Mgh,) or أَصَفٌ: (S, K:) the vulgar say ↓ كُبَّارٌ. (K.) A beverage is described as made of كَبَر and barley: كثر is a mistranscription. (Mgh.) كُبُرٌ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبَرٌ inf. n. of 1: b2: see also كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كَبْرَةٌ, a subst. from كَبِرَ, (S,) Oldness; age; old age; (S, Msb, K; *) as also ↓ كَبُرَةٌ and ↓ مَكْبَرَةٌ and ↓ مَكبُرَةٌ (K) and ↓ مَكْبِرٌ (S, K) and ↓ كِبَرٌ. (TA.) The last two, the latter of which is the most common of all, are inf. ns. of كَبِرَ.] You say عَلَتْهُ كَبُرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and كَبُرَةٌ, and مُكْبَرَةٌ, and مَكْبُرَةٌ, (K,) and عَلَاهُ المَكْبِرُ, (S,) or مَكْبِرٌ, (K,) and كِبَرٌ, (TA,) [Age overcame him;] he became old, or advanced in age. (Msb.) عَلَتْهُ كَبْرَةٌ is also said, tropically, of a sword, and of the iron head or blade of a weapon, when it has become old: (TA:) or of an old iron head or blade of a weapon when spoilt by rust. (M, TA.) And كَبْرَةٌ is used by AHn with respect to dates and the like. (L.) [See also an ex. voce حَلْقَةٌ.]

كِبْرَةٌ: see كَبِيرَةٌ.

A2: هُوَ كِبْرَتُهُمْ, (K,) and ↓ كُبُرَّتُهُمْ, (Az, K,) so in the handwriting of AHeyth., (TA,) and ↓ إِكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ أَكْبِرَّتُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبْرُهُمْ, and ↓ كُبُرُّهُمْ, (K,) He is the greatest of them (K, TA) in age, or in headship: (TA:) or he is the nearest of them in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (K, TA;) his intermediate ancestors being fewer in number: (TA:) but some of these epithets are differently explained, as follows:] هٰذَا كِبْرَةُ أَبِيهِ this is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of the children of his father; contr. of صِغْرَةُ أَبِيهِ: (A:) and هُوَ كِبْرَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ he is the greatest, or oldest, (اكبر,) of the children of his parents: (Ks, Az:) or he is the last of the children of his parents; (Sh, S;) and the like is said of a female, (Sh, ISk, S,) and of a pl. number: (ISk, S:) it is like عِجْزَةُ وَلَدِ أَبَوَيْهِ: (Sh, A'Obeyd, S:) or, accord. to Ks and Az, this last phrase has this meaning; but Az says, that كِبْرَة means otherwise, namely, أَكْبَرُ: (TA:) and فُلَانٌ إِكْبِرَّةُ قَوْمِهِ such a one is the greatest, or oldest, (أَكْبَرُ,) of his people; and the like is said of a female, and of a pl. number: (S:) and قَوْمِهِ ↓ هُوَ كُبْرُ, (S,) or قَوْمِهِ ↓ أَكْبَرُ, and قَوْمِهِ ↓ أُكْبُرُّ, of the measure of أُفْعُلّ, and applied to a woman as to a man, (TA,) he is the nearest of his people in kin to his chief, or oldest, ancestor; (S, TA;) in which sense, قَوْمِهِ ↓ كَانَ كُبْرَ is said of El-'Abbás, in a trad., because there remained not, in his lifetime, any one of the descendants of Háshim more nearly related to him than he: (L:) and in another trad. it is said, الَولآءُ للكُبْرِ (S, Mgh, Msb) the right to the inheritance of the property left by an emancipated slave belongs to the nearest in kin [to the emancipater] (Mgh, Msb) of the sons of the emancipater; (Mgh;) i. e., when a man [who has emancipated a slave] dies, leaving a son and a grandson, the right to the inheritance of the property left by the emancipated slave belongs to the son, not the grandson. (S.) كَبُرَةٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

كُبُرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

كِبْرِيَآءُ: see كِبْرٌ.

كِبْرِيتٌ: see art. كبرت.

كُبَارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

كَبِيرٌ Great [in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity; contr. of صَغِيرٌ, but see عَظِيمٌ]; (S, K;) as also كِبِيرٌ, as asserted by En-Nawawee and others, (TA,) and ↓ كُبَارٌ (S, K) [in an intensive sense, like عُطَامٌ,] and ↓ كَابِرٌ and ↓ كُبَّارٌ: (K:) or the last signifies excessively great: (S, TA:) and كَابِرٌ is an epithat applied to a man, and signifying great in dignity and nobility; (S, TA;) or great and noble; (Msb;) or one overcoming in greatness; (A;) or a lord, or chief; and the greatest, or oldest, ancestor: (AA:) the fem. [of كَبِيرٌ] is with ة: (K:) and the pl. is كِبَارٌ (S, K) and كُبَرَآءُ, applied to men, (TA,) and مَكْبُورَآءُ, (S, * K,) [or rather the last is a quasi-pl. n.,] like مَشْيُوخَآءُ; [see شَيْخٌ;] (TA;) and [of كُبَّارٌ] كُبَّارُونَ. (K.) [See also أَكْبَرُ, and مُتَكَبِّرٌ.] You say تَوَارَثُوا ↓ الْمَجْدَ كَابِرًا عَنْ كَابِرٍ They inherited by degrees dignity, or nobility, one great in dignity and nobility from another great in dignity and nobility: (S:) or one great and noble from another great and noble: (Msb:) or عَنْ is here used in the sense of بَعْدَ [after]: (TA voce طَبَقٌ:) or one overcoming in greatness from another overcoming in greatness. (A.) [In the A and Msb, instead of توارثوا, I find وَرِثُوا.] b2: Great, or advanced, in age; old: (A, Msb, TA:) and also big; meaning full-grown; and adolescent: (see كَبِرَ:) occurring in apposition to بَالِغٌ in art. برك in the S; and often, like بَالِغٌ, when applied to a human being, signifying one who has attained to puberty; opposed to صَغِيرٌ:] fem. with ة: and pl. كِبَارٌ. (Msb.) b3: [Hence,] A teacher, and master: so in the Kur, xx. 74, and xxvi. 48: (Ks:) and the most knowing, or learned, of a people: so in the Kur, xii. 80. (Mujáhid.) b4: Difficult, severe, grievous, distressing, afflictive, troublesome, or burdensome: (TA:) fem. with ة; occurring in this sense in the Kur, ii. 42. (Bd, TA.) [The fem. is often used in the present day as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates, meaning, An affair, or a matter, that is difficult, severe, grievous, &c.] b5: الكَبِيرُ as an epithet applied to God is syn. with العَظِيمُ [signifying The Incomparably-great]. (TA in art. عظم.) كَبِيرَة A foul, or an abominable, sin, or crime, or offence, forbidden by the law, of great magnitude; such as murder and adultery or forni-cation, and fleeing from an army proceeding against an enemy [of the Muslims], &c.; [contr. of صَغِيرَةٌ;] an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and ↓ كِبْرٌ and ↓ كِبْرَةٌ [in like manner] signify a great sin, or crime, or offence, for which one deserves punishment: (M, K:) the ة is to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) or ↓ كِبْرٌ signifies [simply] a sin, a crime, or an offence, for which one deserves punishment, [as كَبِيرَةٌ is said, not well, to signify, in the Msb,] and is from كَبِيرَةٌ, like خِطْ from خَطِيْئَةٌ: (TA:) pl. of the first, كَبَائِرُ, (Msb, TA,) and كَبِيرَاتٌ also occurs. (Msb.) b2: And see كَبِيرٌ.

كُبَّارٌ: see كَبِيرٌ: A2: and see كَبَرٌ.

كِبَّارٌ: see 2.

كَابِرٌ: see كَبِيرٌ.

أَكْبَرُ [Greater, and greatest, in body, or corporeal substance, and in estimation or rank or dignity: and] more, or most, advanced in age; older, and oldest: (Msb:) fem. كُبْرَى: (S, Msb:) pl. masc. أَكَابِرُ (S, Msb) and أَكْبَرُونَ; but not كُبْرٌ, because this is of a form specially appropriated to an epithet such as أَسْوَدُ and أَحْمَرُ, and you do not use اكبر in the manner of such an epithet, for you do not say هٰذَا رَجُلٌ أَكْبَرُ, unless you conjoin it with a following word by مِنْ, or prefix to it the article ال: (S:) [but see the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ, below:] the pl. fem. is كُبَرٌ (S, Msb, K) and كُبْرَيَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: أَكْبَرُ is also used in the sense of كَبِيرٌ: (Msb:) accord. to some, اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَر means God is great; (Az, Mgh, Msb;) like as هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ [in the Kur, xxx. 26,] means هُوَ هَيِّنٌ عَلَيْهِ; (Az, TA;) but this explanation is of weak authority: (Mgh:) accord. to others, the phrase is elliptical, and means God is the greatest great [being]: (Az, TA:) or God is greater than every [other] great [being]: (Msb:) or greater than every [other] thing: (Mgh, TA:) or greater than such as that one knows the measure of His majesty: (TA:) [or it may be rendered God is most great, meaning, greater than any other being:] it is considered as elliptical because it is necessary that اكبر should have the article ال, or be followed by a noun in the gen. case [or by the prep. مِنْ]. (TA.) In the phrase اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيراً, the word كبيرا is put in the accus. case [as a corroborative] in the place of the inf. n. تَكْبِيراً, as though one said أُكَبِّرُ تَكْبِيرًا [I magnify Him greatly, after saying اللّٰه اكبر]. (TA.) b3: يَوْمُ الحَجِّ الأَكْبَرِ [The day of the greater pilgrimage,] means the day of the sacrifice: or, as some say, the day of 'Arafeh: and others say otherwise. (TA.) b4: In the following words, in a trad. of Mázin, بُعِثَ نَبِىٌّ مِنْ مُضَرَ بِدِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ, there is an ellipsis, and the meaning is, بِشَرَئِعِ دِينِ اللّٰهِ الكُبَرِ [A prophet of Mudar hath been sent with the greatest, or greater, or great, ordinances of God]. (TA.) b5: In a trad. respecting burial, وَيُجْعَلُ الْأَكْبَرُ مِمَّا يَلِى الْقِبْلَةَ means, And the most excellent shall be placed towards the Kibleh: or, if they be equal [in dignity], the oldest. (TA.) [Agreeably with the former rendering,] أَكْبَرُ, in the Kur, xxix. 44, is explained as signifying Better. (TA, art. ذكر.) [And agreeably with the second rendering of the above trad.,] you say هٰذَا أَكْبَرُ مِنْ زَيْدٍ, meaning, This is older than Zeyd. (Msb.) b6: In a trad. of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr, the phrase دَعَا بِكُبْرِهِ means He summoned his sheykhs, and elders, or great men: كُبْر being here [notwithstanding what has been said above,] pl. of أَكْبَرُ, like as حُمْرٌ is pl. of أَحْمَرُ. (TA.) b7: هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ مِنْ كُبْرَى بَنَاتِ فُلَانٍ means, [This girl is of those advanced in age of the daughters of such a one,] مِنْ كِبَارِ بَنَاتِهِ. (Ibn-Buzurj.) b8: هُوَ أَكْبَرُ قَوْمِهِ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

أُكْبُرٌّ: see كِبْرَةٌ.

إِكْبِرَّةٌ and أَكْبِرَّةٌ: see كِبْرَةٌ; the former, in two places.

مَكْبِرٌ: see كَبْرَةٌ.

مَكْبَرَةٌ and مَكْبُرَةٌ: see كَبْبَرةٌ.

هُوَ مُكَابَرٌ عَلَيْهِ He has had it (his property) taken from him by force. (A, TA.) المُتَكَبِّرُ, as an epithet applied to God, signifies The Great in majesty: (A:) or the Most Excellent of beings, who has rights which no other has; the Possessor of power and excellence the like of which no other possesses: (TA:) or He whose acts are really good, exceeding the good acts of any other: (El-Basáïr:) or, as also ↓ الكَبِيرُ, the Majestic: or He who disdains having the attributes of created beings: or He who magnifies Himself against the proud and exorbitant among his creatures: the ت in the former word is to denote individuation, not endeavour. (TA.)

كسر

1 كَسَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (Msb, TA;) and ↓ اكتسرهُ: (K;) [He broke it: or the latter signifies he broke it off: or it is similar to إِقْتَطَعَهُ and the like and signifies he broke it off for himself: for] you say مِنْهُ طَرَفًا ↓ اكتسرتُ [I broke off, or broke off for myself, from it, an extremity]. (A.) You say ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and إِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا, putting each of the inf. ns. in the place of the other, because of their agreement in meaning, not in respect of being trans. and intrans. (Sb, TA.) b2: كُسِرَ He had his leg broken; his leg broke. (Mgh.) b3: فُلَانٌ يَكْسِرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, (A, K,) or الأَرْعَاظَ, (K,) or ↓ يُكَسِّرُ, (as in the CK, * and in a MS copy of the K, but we find the former reading in art. رعظ in the K,) [lit., Such a one breaks against thee the notch of the arrow, or the sockets of the arrow-heads: meaning,] (tropical:) such a one is angry with thee: (A, K:) or is vehemently angry with thee. (K, art. رعظ, in which see further explanations.) b4: [كُسِرَ بَيْنَهُمْ رُمْحٌ lit., A spear was broken among them: meaning, (assumed tropical:) a quarrel occurred among them. (Reiske, cited by Freytag, but whether from a classical author is not said; and explained by him as signifying Simultas inter eos intercessit.)] b5: كَسَرَ الكِتَابَ عَلَى عِدَّةِ أَبْوَابٍ وَفُصُولٍ (tropical:) [He divided the book, or writing, into a number of chapters and sections]. (A.) b6: كَسَرَ الشَّعْرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) [He broke the measure of the poetry;] he did not make the measure of the poetry correct. (TA.) b7: كَسَرْتُ القَوْمَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) I [broke, crushed, routed, or] defeated, the people or party. (Msb.) b8: كَسَرْتُ خَصْمِى (tropical:) [I defeated my adversary]. (A.) b9: [كَسَرَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) He broke, or subdued, his spirit. b10: (assumed tropical:) He abased, or humbled, himself.] b11: كَسَرْتُ مِنْ سَوْرَتِهِ (tropical:) [I broke, or subdued, or abated, somewhat of his impetuosity, or violence, or tyranny, or anger]. (A.) b12: كَسَرَ حُمَيَّا الخَمْر بِالْمِزَاجِ (tropical:) [He broke, or subdued, or abated, the intoxicating influence of the wine by the mixture of water]. (A.) b13: كَسَرَ مِنْ بَرْدِ المَآءِ, and حَرِّهِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He abated, or allayed, somewhat of the coldness of the water, and its heat. (TA.) b14: اِكْسِرْ عَنَّا: see an ex. voce رُوبَةٌ. b15: [كَسَرَ العَطَشَ (assumed tropical:) It abated, or allayed, thirst.] b16: كَسَرَ مَتَاعَهُ (tropical:) He sold his goods by retail, one piece of cloth after another: (IAar, K:) because, [on the contrary,] wholesale makes them to find purchasers readily. (TA) b17: كَسَرْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) I turned the man, averted him, or turned him back, from his desire. (Msb.) b18: يَكْسِرُ ذَنَبَهُ بَعْدَ مَا أَشَالَهُ [app. (assumed tropical:) He contorts his tail after raising it], said of a camel. (K.) b19: كَسَرَ الثَّوْبَ, and الجِلْدَ, (assumed tropical:) He folded, and he creased, the garment, or piece of cloth, and the skin. Ex. of the former signification, [in which the pronoun refers to a tent:] مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ [(assumed tropical:) Where its two sides are folded]. (S.) You say also كَسَرَ الوِسَادَ, meaning (tropical:) He folded, or doubled, the pillow, or cushion, and leaned, or reclined, upon it. (K.) See also كَاسِرٌ. b20: كَسَرَ جَفْنَهُ نَحْوَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He blinked, (lit. he wrinkled his eyelid) towards him]. (Mgh. art. غمز.) You say also, رِيحٌ حَارَّةٌ تَكْسِرُ العَيْنَ حَرًّا (assumed tropical:) [A hot wind, that makes the eye to blink, or contract and wrinkle the eyelids, by reason of heat]. (K, art. خوص.) And كَسَرَ عَيْنَهُ, (A,) and كَسَرَ مِنْ طَرْفِهِ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He contracted (غَضَّ, q. v.,) his eye, or eyes; [so as to wrinkle the lids; in which sense the former phrase is used in the present day:] (K:) and كَسَرَ عَلَى

طَرْفِهِ, accord. to Th, he contracted (غَضَّ) his eye, or eyes, somewhat: (TA:) [or perhaps عَلَى is here a mistake for عَلَىَّ, in which case we must read طَرْفَهُ, so that the meaning would be as above with the addition at me:] and ↓ مُكَاسَرَةُ العَيْنَيْنِ signifies المُغَاضَنَةُ [i. e. the contracting of the eyes so as to wrinkle the lids]. (S, K, in art. غضن.) b21: كَسَرَ الطَّائِرُ جَنَاحَيْهِ, (A, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ; (TA;) and كَسَرَ alone, (S, A, K,) inf. n. كَسْرٌ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) or in this case, when the wings are not mentioned, كُسُورٌ [only]; which shows that a verb, when its objective complement is forgotten [or suppressed], and the inf. n. [for الحَدِيثُ in my original I read الحَدَثُ] itself is desired [to be expressed], follows the way of an intrans. verb; (A;) [ for فُعُولٌ is by rule the measure of the inf. n. of an intrans. verb, of the measure فَعَلَ, such as قَعَدَ, inf n. قُعُودٌ, and جَلَسَ, inf. n. جُلُوسٌ, and فَعْلٌ of that of a trans. verb;] (tropical:) The bird contracted his wings, (S, A, K,) or contracted them somewhat, (TA,) so that he might descend in his flight, (S,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b22: [كَسَرَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَسْرٌ, He pronounced the letter with the vowel termed kesr: and he marked the letter with the sign of that vowel. A conv. phrase of lexicology and grammar.]

A2: See also 7.2 كسّرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (Msb,) is with teshdeed to denote muchness [of the action] or multiplicity [of the objects] (S) [He broke it much, in pieces, or into many pieces: or many times, or repeatedly; or he broke it, meaning a number or collection of things.] b2: فُلَانٌ يُكَسِّرُ عَلَيْكَ الفُوقَ, or الأَرْعَاظَ: see 1. b3: [كسّرهُ also signifies He divided it (i. e. a number, and a measure,) into fractions.] b4: كسّرهُ الكَرَى (tropical:) [Drowsiness made him languid]. (A, TA in art. هيض.] b5: [كسّر شَعَرَهُ, inf. n. تَكْسِيرٌ, (assumed tropical:) He crimped his hair, see رَطَّلَ.]

A2: كسّر المَآءُ الوَادِى (tropical:) The water made [the كُسُور, i. e.,] the turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف,) of the valley, and the parts thereof eaten away by torrents, to flow with water. (Th.) 3 كَاْسَرَ see 1.5 تكّسر, (S, A, Msb, K,) quasi-pass. of 2, (Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken, much, in pieces, or into many pieces; or many times, or repeatedly; or it (a number or collection of things) broke, or became broken.] b2: [Said of water, and of sand, (assumed tropical:) It became rippled by the wind. And of crisp hair, (assumed tropical:) It became crimped; or became rimpled, as though crimped. (In these senses it is used in the S in art. حبك, &c. See حِبَاكٌ.) Also said of the skin, (assumed tropical:) It became wrinkled: see تَغَضَّنَ. Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and of a coat of mail, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded, and it became creased, much, or in several, or many places. See an ex. below, voce كِسْرٌ.] b3: [And hence, as meaning, (assumed tropical:) It became contracted,] said also of the eye. (TA in art. خشع.) [See 1.] b4: [(tropical:) He was, or became, languid, or loose in the joints. And (assumed tropical:) He affected languor, or languidness: a very common signification.] You say, فِيهِ تَخَنُّثٌ وَتَكَسُّرٌ (assumed tropical:) [In him is effeminacy, and affectation of languor or languidness]. (A.) And one says of an effeminate man, تكسّر فِى كَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He affected languor, or languidness, in his speech], (IDrd, O, voce تَفَرَّكَ,) and also مَشْيِهِ [his walk]. (K, ibid.) See also 7.7 انكسر, quasi-pass. of 1, (S, A, Msb, K,) [It broke, or became broken.] You say, ↓ كَسَرْتُهُ انْكِسَارًا and اِنْكَسَرَ كَسْرًا. (Sb, TA. See 1.) b2: انكسرت السِّهَامُ عَلَى الرُّؤُوسِ (assumed tropical:) The portions became fractional to the several heads; were not divisible into whole numbers. (Msb.) b3: انكسر الشِّعْرُ (assumed tropical:) The poetry became [broken, or] incorrect in measure. (TA.) b4: [انكسر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people became broken, or defeated.] b5: انكسر خَصْمِى (tropical:) [My adversary became defeated.] (A.) b6: [انكسرت نَفْسُهُ (assumed tropical:) His spirit became broken, or subdued: and انكسر, alone, he became broken in spirit; his sharpness of temper, vehemence of mind, or fierceness, became broken, or subdued; he became meek, gentle, or humble.] b7: [انكسر, said of a man, also signifies, very frequently, (tropical:) He became languid, or languishing. See the act. part. n., below. And see 5.] فَتْرَةٌ and اِنْكِسَارٌ and ضَعْفٌ are syn. (S, art. فتر.) b8: انكسر عَنِ الشَّىْءِ (assumed tropical:) He lacked power, or ability, to do, or accomplish the thing. And انكسر [alone] (assumed tropical:) He, or it, (said of anything, [man or beast,]) remitted, flagged, or became remiss, in an affair, lacking power, or ability, to perform, or accomplish, it. (TA.) b9: انكسر نَظَرُ الطَّرْفِ (assumed tropical:) The look of the eye, or eyes, became languid, or languishing; syn. فَتَرَ. (IKtt, in TA, art. فتر.) And انكسر طَرْفُهُ (assumed tropical:) [His eye, or eyes, or sight, became languid, or languishing, or not sharp]. (T, K, art. فتر.) b10: Also انكسر, said of the coldness of water, [and of cold, absolutely, and of the heat of water,] and of heat, [absolutely,] and of anything, (TA,) for instance, of a price, and so ↓ كَسَرَ, (Fr. in TA, art. قط,) (assumed tropical:) It abated, or became allayed; or, [said of heat,] it became languid, or faint. (TA.) b11: Said of dough, (assumed tropical:) It became soft, and leavened, or good, and fit to be baked. (TA.) b12: [Said of a garment, or piece of cloth, and skin, (assumed tropical:) It became folded; it became creased. Ex.:] يَطْوِى الثِّيَابَ أَوَّلَ طَيِّهَا حَتَّى تَنْكَسِرَ عَلَى طَبِّهِ [He folds the garments, or pieces of cloth, the first time of folding them, so that they may crease agreeably with his folding]. (S, K, voce قَسَامِىٌّ.

[In one copy of the S, I find تَتَكَسَّرَ in the place of تَنْكَسِرَ, which latter reading I find in a better copy of the same work.]) 8 إِكْتَسَرَ see 1, first sentence.

كَسْرٌ: see كِسْرٌ, throughout. b2: (tropical:) A fraction, or broken part of an integral, as the half, and the tenth, and the fifth; (Msb;) what does not amount to an integral portion: (K:) pl. كُسُورٌ. (A, Msb.) You say, ضَرَبَ الحُسَّابُ الكُسُورَ بَعْضَهَا فِى بَعْضٍ (tropical:) [The calculator multiplied the fractions together]. (A.) b3: Little in quantity or number: (ISd, K:) as though it were a fraction of much. (ISd.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A crease, wrinkle, ply plait, or fold, in skin, and in a garment or piece of cloth; (JK, S, * K, * voce غَرٌّ, in the CK غُرّ; and so accord. to the explanation of the pl. in the present art. in the TA;) as also ↓ مَكْسِرٌ: (accord. to the explanations of its pl. in the S, Mgh, Msb voce غَضْنٌ:) pl. of the former كُسُورٌ: (JK, S, voce غَرٌّ; and TA in the present art.;) and of the latter, مَكَاسِرُ. (S, Mgh, Msb, voce غَضْنٌ; &c.) b5: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

A2: [As a conventional term in grammar, A vowel-sound, well known; the sign for which is termed ↓ كَسْرَةٌ.]

كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ, (S, K, &c.,) the latter of which is [said to be] of higher authority (أَعْلَى) than the former, [but this is doubtful, for the former is certainly the more common,] (TA,) A portion of a limb: or a complete limb: (K:) or a limb by itself, which is not mixed with another: (TA:) or half of a bone, with the flesh that is upon it: (K:) or a bone upon which there is not much flesh, (S, K,) and which is broken; otherwise it is not thus called: (S) or any bone: (AHeyth:) or a limb of a camel: (TA:) or of a human being or other: (ISd. TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْسَارٌ (TA) and [of mult.]

كُسُورٌ. (S, TA.) b2: كِسرُ قَبِيحٍ, (S, K,) and قَبِيحٍ ↓ كَسْرُ, (S,) The bone of the سَاعِد [here meaning the upper half of the arm, from the part next the middle to the elbow. (El-Umawee, S, K.) [See also قَبِيحٌ. And كسر حَسَنٍ signifies The upper part of that bone.] b3: Also كِسْرٌ and ↓ كَسْرٌ The side of a بَيْت [or tent]: (K:) or the part of [each of] the two sides thereof that descends from the طَرِيقَتَانِ [app. meaning the two outer poles of the middle row]; every tent having two such, on the right and left: (TA:) or the lowest شُقَّة [or oblong piece of cloth] of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: (A, K:) or the part of that شقّه which is folded or creased (تَكَسَّرَ وَتَثَنَّى) upon the ground: (K:) or the lowest شقّة of a بَيْت [or tent], that is next the ground, from where its (the tent's) two sides are folded (مِنْ حَيْثُ يُكْسَرُ جَانِبَاهُ), on thy right hand, and thy left. (ISk, S.) b4: Also, (K,) or ↓ كَسْرٌ [only], (TA,) [but for this limitation there appears no reason,] A side (K, TA) of anything; as, [for instance,] of a desert: (TA:) pl. أَكْسَارٌ and كُسُورٌ [app. in all the senses: see above]. (K.) b5: قِدْرٌ كِسْرٌ, and أَكْسَارٌ, (TA,) and إِنَآءٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (IAar,) and جَفْنَةٌ أَكْسَارٌ, (K,) A cooking-pot, (TA,) and a vessel, (IAar,) and a bowl, (K,) large, and [composed of several pieces] joined together: (IAar, K:) because of its greatness or its oldness: as though, in the second and following phrases, the term كسر applied to every distinct part of it. (TA.) b6: See also كُسُورٌ, below.

كَسْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A defeat. You say, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِمُ الكَسْرَةُ Defeat befell them. (Msb.) A2: See also كَسْرٌ.

كِسْرَةٌ (in some copies of the K كِسْرٌ, but this is a mistake, TA,) A piece of a broken thing: (S, K:) or rather a piece broken from a thing: (TA:) or a fragment, or broken piece, of a thing: (Msb:) pl. كِسَرٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Yousay, كِسْرَةٌ مِنْ الخُبْزِ A broken piece of bread. (Msb.) See also كُسَارٌ.

كِسْرَى and كَسْرَى, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, accord. to Th and others, and it alone is allowed by Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (Msb,) A name (TA) applied to the king of the Persians, (Msb, K, TA,) or a surname of the kings of the Persians, (S,) like النَّجَاشِىُّ, a name of the king of Abyssinia, (TA), arabicized from خُسْرَوْ, (S, K,) which means “ possessing ample dominion, ” (K,) in the Persian language: so they say: but خُسْرَوْ is itself arabicized from خُوشْ رُوْ, which means, in that language, “ goodly in countenance ”: (TA:) [but that خسرو is an arabicized word may reasonably be doubted:] accord. to IDrst, it is changed into كسرى because there is no word in Arabic having the first letter with damm and ending with و; and the خ is changed into ك to shew that it is Arabicized: (MF:) the pl. is أَكَاسِرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) contr. to analogy, (S,) and كَسَاسِرَةٌ and أَكَاسِرُ and كُسُورٌ, (K,) [all of which are also] contr. to analogy: (TA:) by rule it should be كِسْرَوْنَ, like عِيسَوْنَ (S, K) and مُوسَوْنَ. (S.) كِسْرِىٌّ: see كِسْرَوِىٌّ.

كِسْرَوِىٌّ and ↓ كِسْرِىٌّ Of, or relating to, كِسْرَى; rel. ns. from كِسْرَى: (S, Msb, K:) and كَسْرَوِىٌّ alone is the rel. n. from كَسْرَى. (Msb.) [In the TA, it is said that one should not say كَسْرَوِىٌّ; but it seems that what is not allowable is كَسْرِىٌّ.]

كُسَارٌ and كُسَارَةٌ [Fragments, or broken pieces or particles, that fall from a thing:] what breaks from a thing: (Sgh:) or what breaks in pieces from a thing, (K, TA,) and falls: (TA:) fragments, or broken pieces or particles, (دُقَاق, ISk, S, and حُطَام, S,) of fire-wood. (ISk, S.) You speak of the كُسَار of glass, and of a mug, and of aloes-wood. (A.) كُسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) The turnings, bendings, or windings, (مَعَاطِف, K, TA,) and parts eaten away by torrents, (جِرَفَة, TA,) and ravines, (شِعَاب, K, TA,) of valleys, (K, TA,) and of mountains: (TA:) a pl. without a sing.: (K:) you do not say كَسْرُ الوَادِى nor كِسْرُ الوادى. (TA.) b2: أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ كُسُورٍ (tropical:) A land having [places of] ascent and descent. (S, A.) b3: See also كَسْرٌ and كِسْرٌ.

كَسِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَكْسُورٌ, [Broken,] (S, K,) applied to a thing: (S:) and so the fem., without ة: (TA:) pl. كَسْرَى, (S, K,) like as مَرْضَى is pl. of مَرِيضٌ, (S,) and كَسَارَى: (K:) [and مَكَاسِيرُ is pl. of مَكْسُورٌ:] Abu-l-Hasan says, that Sb mentions the pl. مَكَاسِيرُ because it is of a kind proper to substs. (TA.) b2: ناقة كَسِيرٌ (S, K) i. q. مَكْسُورَةٌ [lit., A broken she-camel,] (K,) is like the phrase كَفٌّ خَضِيبٌ, (S, TA,) meaning مَخْضُوبَةٌ: (TA;) or a she-camel having one of its legs broken: (Mgh:) and شَاةٌ كَسِيرٌ a sheep, or goat, having one of its legs broken: كسير being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Mgh, Msb:) and كَسِيرَةٌ also, [app. as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] like نَطِيحَةٌ: (Msb:) كَسِيرٌ, occurring in a trad. is explained as signifying a sheep, or goat, having a broken leg, that cannot walk; (IAth, * Mgh;) but this requires consideration. (Mgh.) كَاسِرٌ [Breaking]; fem. with ة: pl. masc. and fem. كُسَّرٌ; and pl. fem. كَوَاسِرُ also (K.) b2: (tropical:) Folding or doubling, and leaning or reclining upon, a pillow or cushion. Hence the following. in a trad. of 'Omar, لا يَزَالُ أَحَدُهُمْ كَاسِرًا وِسَادَهُ عِنْدَ امْرَأَةٍ مُغْزِيَةٍ, meaning, (tropical:) Not one of them ceases to fold or double his pillow or cushion at the abode of a woman whose husband is absent in war, and to lean or recline upon it, and enter upon discourse with her. (IAth, TA.) b3: (tropical:) An eagle, (A, K,) and a hawk or falcon, (A,) contracting his wings, (A, K,) or contracting them somewhat, so that he may descend in his flight, (TA,) or in order to alight. (A, K.) b4: الكَاسِرُ ↓ The eagle. (S, M, K.) الإِكْسِيرُ i. q. الكِيمِيَآءُ q. v. (Sgh, K.) جَمْعُ التَّكْسِيرِ (assumed tropical:) [The broken plural;] the plural in which the composition of the singular is changed; (K;) the change being either apparent, as in رِجَالٌ, pl. of رَجُلٌ, or understood, as in فُلْكٌ, which is both sing. and pl., for the dammeh in the sing. in this case is like the dammeh of قُفْلٌ, and that in the pl. is like that of أسْدٌ. (Ibn-'Akeel: see Dieterici's “ Alfijjah ” &c.; pp.329 and 330.) b2: Also تَكْسِيرٌ (assumed tropical:) [The area of a circle]: in the circle are three things: دَوْرٌ [or circumference] and قُطْرٌ [or diameter] and تَكْسِيرٌ [or area], which [last] is the product of the multiplication of the half of the قطر by the half of the دور: and it is sometimes called مِسَاحَةٌ. You say, مَا تَكْسِيرُ دَائِرَةٍ

قُطْرُهَا سَبْعَةٌ وَدَوْرُهَا اثْنَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ [What is the area of a circle of which the diameter is seven and its circumference two-and-twenty?]: and the answer is ثَمَانِيَةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ وَنِصْفٌ [Eight-and-thirty and a half]. (TA.) [It is scarcely necessary to add that this is not perfectly exact.]

مَكْسِرٌ A place of breaking, (K, TA,) of anything. (TA.) You say, عُودٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, or a piece of wood, or a branch, or twig, hard in the place of breaking,] when you know its goodness by its breaking: (S, A:) and عُودٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ [Wood, &c., good in the place of breaking,] i. e. approved. (K.) b2: Hence, رَجُلٌ صُلْبُ المَكْسِرِ (A, L) (tropical:) A man who bears up against difficulty, distress, or adversity: because one breaks a piece of wood, to try if it be hard or soft. (TA.) And of a pl. number, هُمْ صِلَابُ المَكَاسِرِ. (A.) And فُلَانٌ هَشُّ المَكْسِرِ, (TA,) and ↓ المُكَسَّرِ, (TA in art. هش, q. v.,) (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is easy, or compliant, when asked], which is an expression of praise when it means [lit.] that he is not one whose wood gives only a sound when one endeavours to produce fire from it; and of dispraise when it means [lit.] that be is one whose wood is weak. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ طَيِّبُ المَكْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is praised when tried, proved, or tested: (S, TA:) and رَدِىْءُ المَكْسِرِ [dispraised when tried, &c.]. (TA.) [Wherefore it is said that] مَكْسِرٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The internal state; an internal, or intrinsic, quality; the intrinsic, or real, as opposed to the apparent, state, or to the aspect; syn. مَخْبَرٌ. (K.) b3: Also مَكْسِرٌ The lowest part (أَصْلٌ K, TA) of anything; and especially of a tree, where the branches are broken off. (TA.) b4: [Hence] it is said to be metonymically used as meaning (tropical:) Old property. (TA voce فَرْعٌ.) b5: See also كَسْرٌ.

مَكْسُورٌ: see كَسِيرٌ. b2: سَوْطٌ مَكْسُورٌ (assumed tropical:) A soft, weak, whip. (TA.) مُكَسَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: See also مَكْسِرٌ, with which it is made synonymous. b3: (tropical:) A valley whose كُسُور (q. v.) flow with water: (K:) or are made to flow: (Th:) accord. to one relation of a saying in which it occurs, it is مُكْسَرٌ. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مُكَاسِرِى, (S,) or جَارِى مُكَاسِرِى, (ISd, K,) Such a one is my neighbour; (S;) the كِسْر (q. v.) of his tent is next the كِسْر of my tent. (S, ISd, K.) مُنْكَسِرٌ has for its pl. مَكَاسِيرُ, which is extr.; like مَسَاحِيقُ, pl. of مُنْسَحِقٌ. (TA in art. سحق.) رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْكَسِرًا (tropical:) I saw him in a languid, or languishing state. (A.)

مرد

1 مَرَدَ, (aor.

مَرُدَ, inf. n. مَرْدٌ, S, L,) He steeped bread, (S, L, K,) or corn, (Msb,) in water, and mashed it with his hand, so as to soften it: (S, L, Msb, K:) or he soaked bread in water; (M, L;) and so مَرَثَ, and مَرَذَ, with the dotted ذ; or he softened bread in water, and crumbled it with his fingers. (As, L.) b2: مَرَدَهُ He rubbed it (a thing) in water. (TA.) b3: مَرَدَهُ, inf. n. مَرْدٌ, He crumbled it [namely bread &c.], or broke it into small pieces, with his fingers; syn. ثَرَدَهُ. (TA [but only the inf. n. is there mentioned.]) b4: مَرَدَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. مَرْدٌ, He made it (a thing) soft. (L.) b5: مَرَدَهُ and ↓ مرّدهُ He made it (a thing) soft and smooth; he polished it. (L.) See also 2. b6: مَرَدَ, (inf. n. مَرْدٌ, S, L,) He (a child, S, L) mumbled (مَرَسَ) the breast (S, * L, * K) of his mother: (S, L:) or sucked it. (IKtt.) b7: مَرِدَ, aor. ـ, He continued to eat مَرِيد, i. e., dates soaked in milk until rendered soft. (K.) b8: مَرِدَ (tropical:) It (a branch) was, or became, destitute of leaves. (IAar, L.) b9: مَرِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. مَرَدٌ, (tropical:) The land was, or became, destitute of herbage, excepting a small quantity. (TA.) b10: مَرِدَ He (a horse) was, or became, without hair upon the fetlock. (IKtt.) b11: مَرِدَ, aor. ـَ (L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرَدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and مُرُودَةٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ تمرّد; (S, A, L, K;) He (a youth, or young man,) was as yet beardless: (Msb:) or had no hair upon his cheeks: (IAar, L:) or remained to a late period without his beard having grown, (L, K,) or without the hair of his face having grown forth. (S, L, Msb) A2: مَرَدَ aor. ـُ (A, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُرُودٌ (A, L, K) and مَرْدٌ; (IAar, L;) and مَرُدَ, aor. ـُ (S, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرَادَةٌ (S, L, K) and مُرُودَةٌ; (TA, and some copies of the K;) and ↓ تمرّد; (A, L;) He exalted himself, or was insolent and audacious, in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; (IAar, L;) he was hold, or audacious; (M, L, K;) and immoderate, inordinate, or exhorbitant; or excessively, immoderately, or inordinately, proud, or corrupt, or unbelieving, or disobedient or rebellious; or exalted himself and was inordinate in infidelity; or was extravagant in acts of disobedience and in wrongdoing; or was refractory, or averse from obedience: (S, M, A, L, Msb, K:) or he went to such an extreme as thereby to pass from out of the general state [or category] of that species [to which he belonged]. (M, L, K.) b2: So in the phrase مرد عَلَى الأَمْرِ He was bold or audacious, and immoderate, &c., in the affair: (M, L:) and in like manner, على الشَّرِّ, in evil, or mischief: عَلَيْنَا ↓ تمرّد He acted immoderately, inordinately, or exorbitantly, &c., towards us, or against us. (L.) b3: Some explain مَرُدَ as syn. with خَبُثَ [signifying He was bad, evil, wicked, malignant, noxious, corrupt, &c.]. (MF.) b4: مَارِدٌ وَعَزَّ الأَبْلَقُ ↓ تَمَرَّدَ (tropical:) [Márid hath resisted the attempt to take it, and El-Ablak hath proved strong]: a proverb: (S:) originally said by Ex-Zebbà, the Queen of the Arabs, with reference to two fortresses which she had failed to take. (TA.) A3: مَرَدَ, (L,) inf. n. مَرْدٌ, (L, K,) He (a sailor) pushed, or propelled, a ship or boat, with a مُرْدِىّ. (L, K.) b2: He drove vehemently. (L, K.) A4: مَرَدَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, [aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. مُرُودٌ; (S, L;) and ↓ تمرّد; (L.) (tropical:) He became accustomed, habituated, or inured, to a thing. (S, L, K.) b2: مَرَدُوا عَلَى النِّفَاقِ [Kur., ix., 102,] (tropical:) They have become accustomed, habituated, or inured, to hypocrisy: (Fr., A, L:) or they have exalted themselves, or become insolent and audacious, in hypocrisy: (IAar:) accord. to Er-Rághib, it is from شَجَرَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ “ a tree without leaves; ”

meaning, (assumed tropical:) they have become destitute of good. (TA.) b3: مَرَدَ عَلَى الكَلَامِ (tropical:) He became accustomed, or habituated, to what was said, so that he cared not for it. (L.) 2 مرّدهُ, inf. n. تَمْرِيدٌ, (tropical:) He stripped it (a branch) of its leaves. (S, A, L.) b2: (tropical:) He stripped it (a branch) of its peel; as also مَرَدَهُ. (TA.) See 1. b3: مرّدهُ, (A, L,) inf. n. تَمْرِيدٌ, (S, L, K,) He made it (a building) smooth (S, A, L, K) and even (L, K) and tall or long; (A;) and plastered it with mud. (L.) 5 تَمَرَّدَ see 1 in five places.

مَرْدٌ [Coll. gen. n.] Bread crumbled, or broken into small pieces, with the fingers, and then moistened with broth; syn. ثَرِيدٌ. (T, L.) b2: What is fresh and juicy of the fruit of the أَرَاك: (T, S, L, K:) what is ripe thereof is called كَبَاثٌ: (T, L:) or [in the CK, and] what is ripe thereof: (L, K:) what has become black being called كباث: (TA in art. برم:) or certain red and large things pertaining thereto: n. un. with ة. (AHn, L.) مَرَدَى: see مَرَطَى.

مُرْدِىٌّ a pole with which a ship, or boat, is pushed, or propelled: (L, K:) or an oar; syn. مِجْذَافٌ. (IKtt.) مَرَادٌ (S, L, K:) and ↓ مَرَّادٌ (K) The neck: (S, L, K:) pl. [of the latter] مَرَارِيدُ. (K.) مَرُودٌ: see مَارِدٌ.

مَرِيدٌ Bread steeped in water, and mashed with the hand: or soaked in water. (L.) b2: Dates soaked in milk until they become soft: (S, L, K:) or dates thrown into milk to become soft, and then mashed with the hand: (As, L:) or moistened, and rubbed and pressed with the fingers till soft, in water or in milk; as also مَرِيسٌ. (Mgh, art. مرس.) b3: Water with milk. (K.) b4: Anything rubbed and pressed with the hand until it becomes flaccid. (As, L.) A2: See مَارِدٌ.

مَرَّادٌ: see مَرَادٌ.

مِرِّيدٌ: see مَارِدٌ.

مَارِدٌ [from مَرَدَ] and ↓ مَرِيدٌ [from مَرُدَ] (S, M, A, L, Msb, K) and ↓ مُتَمَرِّدٌ (A, K) [One who exalts himself, or is insolent and audacious, in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; an insolent and audacious rebel or unbeliever; see 1;] bold or audacious; (M, L, K;) and immoderate, inordinate, or exorbitant; or excessively, immoderately, or inordinately, proud, or corrupt, or unbelieving, or disobedient or rebellious; &c.; see 1; (S, M, A, L, Msb, K;) and strong: (L:) these epithets are applied to evil beings of mankind and of the jinn, (L,) and to any animal: (M, L:) the first is said to be applied to an evil jinnee of the most powerful class: (Mir-át ez-Zemán, &c.) pl. (of the first, M, L,) مَرَدَةٌ (M, L, K) and مُرَّادٌ; (A;) and (of the second, M, L) مُرَدَآءُ. (M, L, K.) ↓ مِرِّيدٌ signifies the same in an intensive degree. (S, L, K.) b2: مَارِدٌ Lofty, high: (L, K:) applied to a building. (TA.) b3: مَارِدٌ and ↓ مَرُودٌ One who often goes and comes, by reason of his briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (L.) أَمْرَدُ. b2: شَجَرَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) A tree having no leaves upon it: (Ks, A, L, K:) or, of which the leaves have altogether gone: (AHn, L:) and in like manner, غُصْنٌ أَمْرَدُ (tropical:) a branch having no leaves upon it: (Ks, S, L:) or the latter expression is not used. (T, L.) b3: رَمْلَةٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) A sand that is plain (L) and produces no plants: (S, A, L, K:) pl. مَرَادٍ, as though it were a subst. (M, L.) b4: أَرْضٌ مَرْدَآءُ (tropical:) An expanse of sands in which nothing grows: pl. مَرَادِى [or مَرَادِىُّ]. (As, T, L.) b5: أَمْرَدُ A youth, or young man, as yet beardless: (Msb:) or having no hair upon his cheeks: (IAar, L:) or who has remained to a late period without the hair of his face having grown forth: (S, Msb:) or whose mustache has grown forth, but not his beard, (L, K,) he having attained the usual age at which the beard grows: (L:) pl. مُرْدٌ: (L:) dim. أُمَيْرِدُ. (A.) You do not apply the epithet مَرْدَآءُ to a girl [in the sense above explained]. (S, L.) It is said in a trad., أَهْلُ الجَنَّةِ جُرْدٌ مُرْدٌ [The people of paradise are without hair upon their bodies, and beardless]. (L.) b6: مَرْدَآءُ A woman having no hair upon her pubes. (M, L, K.) [In some copies of the K, for لَا إِسْبَ لَهَا, we find لا است لها: and the like is found in copies of the A.] b7: أَمْرَدُ A horse having no hair upon the fetlock. (S, L.) مُمَرَّدٌ A building made smooth, and tall or long: (A:) or made smooth: (L:) or made tall or long. (A 'Obeyd, L, K.) جَبَلٌ مُتَمَرِّدٌ (tropical:) [A mountain that opposes obstacles to one's ascent]: pl. جِبَالٌ مُتَمَرِّدَاتٌ. (A.) b2: See مَارِدٌ.

مُرْدَاسَنْجٌ: see مَرْتَكٌ in art. رتك.