وقف

1 وَقَفَ He was, or became, still, or stationary; (Msb;) [he stood still;] he continued standing: (K:) and [simply] he stood; contr. of جَلَسَ. (TA.) b2: وَقَفَ الدَّابَّةَ, inf. n. وَقْفٌ, He made the beast to be, or become, still, or motionless. (Msb.) b3: وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ He stopped, or paused, upon coming to him, or it; he stopped, or paused, at it; or where he, or it, was. b4: وَقَفَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ He paused at, and paid attention to, a thing. b5: وَقَفَ عَلَيْهِ He comprehended it, namely, a meaning: he understood it. (TA. [Or, correctly, وُقِفَ, for it is there altered.]) b6: He met with it; namely, a word or the like, in reading: often occurring in this sense. b7: وُقِفَ عَلَيْهِ He saw it: and he was introduced into it, and knew what was in it. (TA.) He was made to know it surely. See Bd, vi. 27 and 30. b8: وَقَفْتُهُ على ذَنْبِهِ I made him acquainted with, or made him to know, his crime, sin, fault, or the like; (S, K:) and so عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَوْقَفَهُ, q. v. (Mgh.) b9: وَقَفَ, aor. وَقِفَ

, inf. n. وُقُوفٌ, He withstood, resisted: governing by عَنْ. b10: وَقَفَهُ and ↓ أَوْقَفَهُ and ↓ وَقَّفَهُ [He bequeathed it, or gave it, unalienably:] the first of these is the most chaste: the last is disapproved and rare. (TA, art. حبس.) See مُؤَبَّدٌ.2 وَقَّفَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ [He made him to pause, or wait, at the thing, or affair]. (K, TA, in art. ثبط.) See the quasi-pass. تَوَقَّفَ: and see ثَبَّطَهُ. b2: وَقَّفَهُ, inf. n. تَوْقِيفٌ He taught him the places of pausing, in reading. (Mgh.) And hence, He made him to know a thing. (Mgh.) b3: وَقَّفَهُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, meaning عَرَّفَهُ إِيَّاهُ, He made him acquainted with the thing; informed him of it; gave him notice of it; though often occurring, for وَقَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ, seems to be post-classical. It is used in this sense, or as meaning He (God) revealed to him the thing, in many places in the Mz, 1st نوع: as, for ex, in the following instance, cited from IF, وَقَّفَ اللّٰهُ آدَمَ عَلَى مَا شَآءَ

أَنْ يُعَلِّمَهُ إِيَّاهُ [God taught, or revealed to, Adam what He pleased to teach him]. b4: وَقَّفَ الحَدِيثَ, (JK,) inf. n. تَوْقِيفٌ, (K,) He explained the tradition; syn. بَيَّنَهُ. (JK, K. *) b5: تَوْقِيفٌ, as a legal term: see نَصَّ عَلَى شَىْءٍ مَّا. b6: See 1 3 وَاقَفَ He stood with another in a competition; was a partner in a match, &c.: see رَسِيلٌ.4 أَوْقَفَ see 1. b2: أَوْقَفَهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ He acquainted him with a thing. b3: اوقفته عَلَى ذَنْبِهِ: see وَقَفْتُهُ, which is the expression commonly known.5 تَوَقَّفَ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ (tropical:) He paused, or waited, at the thing; syn. تَلَبَّثَ. (IDrd, K, TA.) (Accord. to some copies of the K, تَثَبَّتَ.] Yousay, تَوَقَّفْتُ عَلَى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) I paused, or waited, at this thing, or affair. (TA.) And تَوَقَّفَ عَلَى

جَوَابِ كَلَامِهِ (tropical:) [He paused, or waited, at the reply to his speech]. (TA.) And hence, تَوَقَّفَ عَلَى السَّمَاعِ He limited, or restricted, himself to what had been heard [from the Arabs, with respect to a construction, &c.]; did not transgress it, or overstep it. See مُتَوَقَّفٌ. b2: تَوَقَّفَ فِيهِ (assumed tropical:) He paused upon it; he hesitated, or deliberated, respecting it. Of very frequent occurrence. b3: تَوَقَّفَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He held, refrained, or abstained, from the thing, or affair. (Msb.) b4: تَوَقَّفَ عَلَى كَذَا It (for instance, an opinion or a judgment, and the truth of an evidence or a demonstration, and the result of an inquiry or investigation) rested, was founded or grounded, depended, or was dependent, upon such a thing. You say, of knowledge, يَتَوَقَّفُ حُصُولُهُ عَلَى كَذَا Its origination rests upon such a thing; as, for instance, speculation.

وَقْفٌ An entailed, or unalienable, legacy or gift; a mortmain. See أَرْقَبَ. b2: الوُقُوفُ بِعَرَفَات The halting of the pilgrims at Mount 'Arafát.

حَبِطَ مَوْقِفُ الفَرَسِ The horse's belly was inflated: see حَبِطَ.

مَوْقُوفُ عَلَى حَدِّ كُفْرٍ

Brought to the verge of infidelity: see حَدٌّ.

أَنَا مُتَوَقّفٌ فى هٰذَا [I am pausing, or hesitating, respecting this;] I do not form, or give, a decided opinion (لَا أُمْضِى رَأْيًا) respecting this. (TA.)

زهر

1 زَهَرَ and زَهَرَتْ, (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. زُهُورٌ, (S, K,) It (a star, TA, and the moon, and a lamp, and the face, K) shone, or glistened; (K, TA;) as also ↓ ازدهر: (K:) it (fire, S, A, K, and the sun, A) gave light; shone; or shone brightly: (S, A, K:) it (a thing) was clear in colour, and gave light, or shone, or shone brightly: (Msb:) and you say also, of the moon and of the sun, زَهَرَ [and زَهَرَتْ], aor. ـَ inf. n. زَهْرٌ; and زَهُرَ [and زَهُرَتْ, aor. ـُ (TA.) b2: زَهَرَ الزَّنْدُ The piece of stick, or wood, for producing fire emitted shining fire; made its fire to shine. (TA.) b3: زَهَرَتْ بِكَ نَارِى (S, A) [lit.] My fire hath become strong and abundant by means of thee: (S:) and زَهَرَتْ بِكَ زِنَادِى (T, K) [lit.] my pieces of stick, or wood, for producing fire have become powerful and abundant [in fire] by means of thee: (K:) meaning, (tropical:) my want hath been accomplished by means of thee: (T, TA:) like وَرِيَتْ بِكَ زِنَادِى. (S.) b4: زَهَرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) and زَهِرَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. زَهَرٌ; (TA;) and زَهُرَ; (K;) (assumed tropical:) He, or it, was, or became, white; (Msb, K;) and beautiful: (K: [so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K; but omitted in the TA:]) or of a bright white colour: (TA:) or of any shining colour: (AHn, R:) and زَهَرَ (assumed tropical:) it (a plant) was, or became, beautiful: (AHn, TA:) and زَهِرَ aor. ـَ (tropical:) he (a man) was, or became, white, or fair, in face. (Msb.) b5: See also 4, in two places.

A2: زَهَرَتِ الشَّمْسُ الإِبِلَ The sun altered the camels. (K.) 4 ازهر He made a fire, (S, K,) and a lamp, (A,) to give light, to shine, or to shine brightly. (S, A, K.) b2: أَزْهَرْتَ زَنْدِى [lit., Thou hast made my piece of stick, or wood, for producing fire to emit shining fire, or abundant fire; meaning, (tropical:) thou hast made me to accomplish my want: see 1]. (A.) b3: ازهر (AHn, T, S, M, A, Msb, [and so in the CK and in my MS. copy of the K, but SM says that in all the copies of the K it is written ↓ اِزْهَرَّ, like اِحْمَرَّ,]) It (a plant, or herbage, S, K, &c., and a tree, TA) flowered, or blossomed; (AHn, T, S, Msb, &c.;) as also ↓ زَهَرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb;) and ↓ ازهارّ. (AHn, K.) b4: أَزْهَرَتِ الأَرْضُ, and ↓ زَهَرَت, The land abounded with flowers. (Zj, TA.) 8 إِزْتَهَرَ see 1. b2: اِزْدَهَرَ بِهِ, (originally اِزْتَهَرَ, TA,) He took care of it, (S, A, K,) and was mindful of it: (A:) or (so in the TA, but in the K “ and ”) he rejoiced in it; (IAth, K) his face became shining by reason of it: (IAth:) or he was mind ful of it: or [اِزْدَهِرْ بِهِ signifies be thou vigorous, sedulous, earnest, energetic, or diligent, in it; meaning, in the thing that I command thee to do; for] الاِزْدِهَارُ بِشَىْءٍ means [by implication] thy commanding thy companion to be vigorous, sedulous, earnest, energetic, or diligent, in the thing which thou commandest him to do: (K:) all which significations are from زَهْرَةٌ in the sense of “ beauty, and brightness. ” (TA.) It is said in a trad. that Mohammad bequeathed to Aboo-Katádeh the vessel from which he performed ablution, and said to him, اِزْدَهِرْ بِهٰذَا فَإِنَّ لَهُ شَأْنًا Take thou care of this, and do not lose it, (S, TA,) but be mindful of it, [for it is a thing of importance:] (TA:) or rejoice thou in this; let thy face become shining by means of it: (IAth:) or, accord. to Th, take it up; or charge thyself with it: and he says that this verb is Syriac: A 'Obeyd thinks it to be Nabathean or Syriac: Aboo-Sa'eed says that it is Arabic. (TA.) 9 إِزْهَرَّand 11: see 4.

زَهْرٌ, a pl., (K,) or [rather a coll. gen. n.] like تَمْرٌ, (Msb,) of which the sing., (K,) or n. un., (Msb,) is ↓ زَهْرَةٌ, (Msb, K,) which latter signifies, as also ↓ زَهَرَةٌ, A flower, or blossom, of a plant: (S, Msb, K:) or a yellow flower or blossom; (IAar, K;) and white flowers are called نَوْرٌ: (IAar:) or a flower or blossom that has become yellow: (IAar, TA:) IKt says that the term زهرة is not applied to a flower until it becomes yellow: or it signifies an open flower or blossom; a flower or blossom before it opens being called بُرْعُومٌ: (Msb:) pl. أَزْهَارٌ, and pl. pl. أَزْاهِيرُ. (A, * K.) One says, كَأَنَّ زَهْرَ النُّجُومِ زَهْرُ النُّجُومِ [As though the flowers of the herbs were the shining of the stars]. (A.) b2: Also ↓ زَهْرَةٌ (Th, K) and ↓ زَهَرَةٌ, (K,) or the former only, (TA,) A plant: (Th, K:) but ISd thinks that Th, by this explanation, means the signification first given above: and MF disallows the meaning of a plant as unknown. (TA.) زِهْرٌ A want. (K, TA.) So in the phrase, قَضَيْتُ مِنْهُ زِهْرِى [I accomplished what I wanted of him, or it]. (TA.) زَهْرَةٌ: see زَهْرٌ, in two places. b2: زَهْرَةُ الدُّنْيَا, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ زَهَرَتُهَا, (AHát, M, K,) the former agreeable with the reading of verse 131 of chap. xx. of the Kur obtaining among the people of the Harameyn, and the latter with that generally obtaining in El-Basrah, (AHát, TA,) [but the latter is disallowed in the Msb, and by MF,] The beauty and splendour of the present world or life; (M, A, K;) its goodliness; (S, M, A, K;) its sweetness, or pleasantness; or the abundance of its goods, conveniences, or comforts; (S, M;) its goods; (Msb;) its finery, (Msb, TA,) or beauty and splendour, and abundance of good things. (TA.) زُهْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Whiteness; (Yaakoob, S, K;) and beauty: (K:) whiteness, or fairness, characteristic of good birth: (S:) or bright whiteness: (TA:) or any shining colour. (AHn, R.) زَهَرَةٌ: see زَهْرٌ, in two places: b2: and زَهْرَةٌ.

الزُّهَرَةُ [The planet Venus;] a certain star, (S, Msb, K,) well known, (K,) white and brilliant, (TA,) in the third heaven. (K.) b2: الزُّهَرُ [the pl.]: see أَزْهَرُ, near the end of the paragraph.

زَاهِرٌ [Shining; &c. See 1.] b2: Applied to a زَنْد, or piece of stick, or wood, for producing fire, Emitting shining fire; making its fire to shine. (TA.) b3: Applied to a plant, (assumed tropical:) Beautiful: and to the complexion of a man, bright; shining: and i. q. أَزْهَرُ, q. v. (TA.) b4: أَحْمَرُ زَاهِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Intensely red. (Lh, K.) b5: لِفُلَانٍ دَوْلَةٌ زَاهِرَةٌ (tropical:) [Such a one has a brilliant turn of fortune]. (A.) يَمْشِى الزَّاهِرِيَّةَ He walks with an elegant, and a proud, and self-conceited, gait, with an inclining of the body from side to side: (K, * TA:) occurring in the poetry of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee. (TA.) أَزْهَرُ Shining; giving light; bright. (Sudot;, K.) Hence, (TA,) الأَزْهَرُ The moon. (S, K.) and الأَزْهَرَانِ The sun and the moon. (ISk, S, A, K.) b2: (assumed tropical:) White; (S, K;) and beautiful: (K:) or of a bright white colour: (TA:) or of any shining colour: (AHn, R:) as also ↓ زَاهِرٌ. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A man white, or fair, in face: (Msb:) having a bright, or shining, face: (K:) having a white, or fair, and bright, or shining, face: (S:) a man having a white, or fair, complexion, characteristic of good birth: (Sh, S: *) or of a bright white or fair complexion, with a shining face: or mixed with redness: (TA:) and زَهْرَآءُ a woman white, or fair, in face: (Msb:) having a bright, or shining, face: (K:) having a white, or fair, and bright, or shining, face: (S:) of a bright white or fair complexion intermixed with redness. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Bright, or shining, applied to an animal and to a plant. (AA.) b5: Applied also to water [app. as meaning Bright and clear] (TA.) b6: And i. q. حُوَار [app. a mistranscription for حُوَّارَى, i. e. White, or whitened, applied to flour]. (TA.) b7: (assumed tropical:) A wild bull: and زَهْرَآءُ a wild cow. (S, K.) b8: (assumed tropical:) A white lion. (K.) b9: A white ewer or jug, in which wine is made. (TA voce غَرَبٌ.) b10: (assumed tropical:) Milk just drawn. (AA, K.) b11: الزَّهْرَآءُ is applied by Ru-beh to The white cloud (سَحَابَة) lightning in the evening. (O, K.) b12: دُرَّةٌ زَهْرَآءُ (tropical:) A white and clear pearl. (TA.) b13: الزُّهْرُ Three nights of the beginning of the [lunar] month: (TA:) or so ↓ الزُّهَرُ. (Har p. 299.) b14: اليَوْمُ الأَزْهَرُ Friday. (O, K, * TA.) b15: الزَّهْرَاوَانِ [The two chapters of the Kur-án entitled] البَقَرَةُ and آلُ عِمْرَانَ. (O, K.) A2: A camel parting his legs wide, cropping the trees. (K.) مِزْهَرٌ A certain musical instrument; (Msb;) the lute (عُود) upon which one plays: (S, K:) pl. مَزَاهِرُ. (Msb.) A2: One who makes the fire bright, and turns it over [to prevent its going out or becoming dull,] (يُقَلِّبُهَا, K and TA, in the CK يُوقِدُها,) for [the purpose of attracting] guests. (K.) مَزْهُورٌ, applied by El-'Ajjáj to the lamp of the darkness [i. e. the moon], Made to shine; from

أَزْهَرَهُ اللّٰهُ; like مَجْنُونٌ from أَجَنَّهُ: or, as some say, shining. (TA.)

ظهر

1 ظَهَرَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) [It was, or became, outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence,] it appeared; became apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) after having been concealed, or latent: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ تظاهر signifies the same. (Har p. 85.) Hence the phrase ظَهَرَ لِى رَأْىٌ (assumed tropical:) [An idea, or opinion, occurred to me], said when one knows what he did not know before. (Msb.) [And هٰذَا مَا يَظْهَرُ لِى (assumed tropical:) This is what appears to me to be the case, or to be the right way or course; or this is my opinion.] ظَهَرَ الحَمْلُ, inf. n. as above, means Pregnancy became apparent, or manifest: it is said that this is not the case in less than three months. (Msb.) and it is said in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, كَانَ يُصَلِّى العَصْرَ فِى حُجْرَتِى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ i. e. [He used to perform the prayer of the afternoon in my chamber] before it (meaning the sun) became high and apparent: (TA:) or وَالشَّمْسُ فِى حُجْرَتِى لَمْ تَظْهَرْ بَعْدُ i. e. [when the sun was in my chamber,] it not having risen high so as to be on the flat roof [thereof]: referring to the Prophet. (O. [But العَصْرَ must be a mistranscription for الفَجْرَ, i. e. the prayer of the dawn.]) The saying in the Kur [xxiv. 31], وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا [which is app. best rendered And that they discover not their ornature except what is external thereof] has been expl. in seven different ways, most correctly as meaning the clothes: (O, TA:) accord. to 'Áïsheh, it means the bracelet (القُلْب) and the ring (الفَتَخَة): and accord. to I'Ab, the hand and the signet-ring and the face. (TA.) b2: Also He went forth, or out, (Mgh, TA,) to the outside of a place. (O, TA.) b3: And He (a bird) migrated, or went down, from one country or region to another: used in this sense by AHn in relation to the vulture, migrating to Nejd. (L.) b4: ظَهَرَ عَنْهُ, said of a vice, or fault, (O, TA,) or a disgrace, (JK, A, O,) (tropical:) It did not cleave to him; (A, O, TA;) it was remote from him; (TA;) it quitted him, or departed from him. (JK.) b5: ظَهَرْتُ بِهِ, (O, TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) I gloried, or boasted, by reason of it. (O, K * TA.) [Respecting a meaning assigned to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ in the K, see 4.] b6: أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ أُكْلَةً

ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ظَهْرَةً means (assumed tropical:) [The man ate some food] in consequence of which] he became fat. (TA.) A2: ظَهَرَهُ He mounted it; went, or got, upon it, or upon the top of it; (S, A, * Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ; (O;) namely, a house, (S,) or a house-top, (A, Mgh, O,) and a mountain, (A,) and a wall; (O, Msb;) properly, he became upon its back: (Mgh:) and [in like manner] one says, فُلَانٌ نَجْدًا ↓ ظَهَّرَ, inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ, Such a one mounted, or went up, upon the high region (ظَهْر) of Nejd. (O.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and بِهِ, (K,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ (Bd in xxiv. 31) and ظَهْرٌ also, (Ham p. 301,) He overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, or mastered, him; gained the mastery or victory, or prevailed, over him; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) namely, his enemy; (Msb;) and in like manner, [he conquered, won, achieved, or attained, it, i. e.] a thing. (O, TA.) [The saying فُلَانٌ لَا يَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ is expl. in the L and TA by the words اى لا يَسْلَم, and said to be tropical: but Ibr D thinks that the correct reading is لا يُسَلِّمُ, from التَّسْلِيمُ; and that it is said of one who will not give up, or resign, what is in his hand; so that the meaning is, (tropical:) Such a one is a person whom no one will overcome in respect of that which he holds in his possession.] b3: And [hence also] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (TA,) He knew, became acquainted with, or got knowledge of, him, or it. (Msb, TA.) So in the Kur xxiv. 31, وَالطِّفْلُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَآءِ [And the young children] who have not attained knowledge of the عورات, (Bd, Jel,) meaning [pudenda, or] parts between the navel and the knee, (Jel,) of women, by reason of their want of discrimination: (Bd:) or (tropical:) who have not attained to the generative faculty; (O, Bd, * TA;) from الظُّهُورُ in the sense of الغَلَبَةُ. (Bd.) So too in the Kur [xviii. 19], إِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ If they get knowledge of you. (O, TA.) b4: And [hence] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Fr, A, O, TA,) and ↓ استظهرهُ, (S, A, O, K,) (tropical:) He knew it, or learned it, by heart; namely, the Kur-án; (A, O, TA;) and he recited it by heart: (A, * TA; and so in the S and O in explanation of the latter:) or [simply] he recited it by heart; namely, the Kur-án; as also ↓ اظهرهُ: (O, K, TA:) in the copies of the K we find أَظْهَرْتُ عَلَى القُرْآنِ and أَظْهَرْتُهُ; but the former is a mistake for ظَهَرْتُ, aor. ـَ (TA.) A3: For another signification of ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, see 3.

A4: ظَهَرَ بِحَاجَتِى, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ; (TK;) and ↓ ظهّرها, (K, TA,) in some copies of the K ظَهَرَهَا; (TA;) and ↓ اظهرها, (K,) inf. n. إِظْهَارٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اِظَّهَرَهَا, (K,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ; (TA;) (tropical:) He held the object of my want in little, or light, estimation, or in contempt; (S, A;) [lit.] he put it behind [his] back; (S, K;) as though he put it away, [out of his sight,] and paid no regard to it. (S, TA.) One says also, يَظْهَرُونَ بِهِمْ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتُونَ

إِلَى أَرْحَامِهِمْ [They hold them in contempt, and do not pay any regard to their ties of relationship]. (S.) b2: See also 10, in three places.

A5: ظَهَرَهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) He struck, or smote, (TA,) or hit, or hurt, (O, K,) his back. (O, K, TA.) A6: ظَهِرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ظَهَرٌ, (O, K,) He (a man, S, O) had a complaint of his back. (S, O, K.) A7: ظَهُرَ, (JK, O, L,) or ظَهَرَ, (K, [but this is app. a mistranscription,]) inf. n. ظَهَارَةٌ, (S, O, L, K,) said of a camel, (JK, S, O,) He was, or became, strong (JK, S, O, L, K) in the back. (L, K.) 2 ظَهَّرَ see 1, near the middle: b2: and again, in the last quarter: b3: and see also 3. b4: ظهّر الثَّوْبَ [and ↓ اظهرهُ, contr. of بطّنهُ and ابطنهُ,] He faced the garment, or piece of cloth; put a facing, or an outer covering, (ظِهَارَة,) to it. (TA.) A2: See also 4, last sentence.3 ظاهرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُظَاهَرَةٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He aided, or assisted, him; (S, A, O, Msb;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ. (Th, K.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, against him. (TA.) b2: ظاهر بِهِ: see 10. b3: ظاهر بَيْنَهُمَا, (K,) i. e. (TA) بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ, (S, A, Mgh, TA,) and دِرْعَيْنِ, (A, Mgh, TA,) and نَعْلَيْنِ, (TA,) i. q. طَارَقَ بَيْنَهُمَا, (S, TA,) or طَابَقَ, (A, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) He put them on, or attired himself with them, [namely, two garments, and two coats of mail, and two sandals or soles, or rather, when relating to two soles, he sewed them together,] one over, or outside, the other: (Mgh, TA:) app. from تَظَاهُرٌ in the sense of “ mutual aiding or assisting. ” (IAth.) The phrase ظاهر بِدِرْعَيْنِ requires consideration; and the ب in it should be regarded as meant to denote conjunction; not as a part of the necessary complement of the verb. (Mgh.) ظاهر الدِّرْعَ is said to signify لَأَمَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ [app. meaning He folded over and fastened one part of the coat of mail upon another]. (TA.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ جِلَالًا means He threw upon him (i. e. a horse) housings or coverings [one over another]. (TA in art. حنذ.) A2: ظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. ظِهَارٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and مُظَاهَرَةٌ; (JK, TA;) and مِنْهَا ↓ تظاهر, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) and ↓ اِظَّاهَرَ; (Mgh;) and منها ↓ تظهّر, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ اِظَّهَّرَ; (O, TA;) and منها ↓ ظهّر, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ; (S;) signify the same; (O;) He said to his wife أَنْتِ عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّى

[Thou art to me like the back of my mother]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) [as though he said رُكُوبُكِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ;] meaning رُكُوبُكِ لِلنِّكَاحِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ كَرُكُوبِ أُمِّى لِلنِّكَاحِ; the back being specified in preference to the بَطْن or فَخِذ or فَرْج because the woman is likened to a beast that is ridden, and the act of نِكَاح to that of رُكُوب: the phrase being a form of divorce used by the Arabs in the Time of Ignorance. (Msb, * TA.) In the Kur lviii. 2 [and 4], some read ↓ يَظَّهَّرُونَ; some

↓ يَظَّاهَرُونَ; and 'Ásim read يُظَاهِرُونَ. (Bd.) The verb is made trans. by means of مِن because the man who uttered this sentence estranged himself from his wife. (IAth.) 4 اظهرهُ He made it apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; he showed, exhibited, manifested, displayed, discovered, revealed, or evinced, it; or put it forth: (S, O, K:) [it is also used in relation to a saying, and an action, and the like, as meaning it showed, &c., as above, or it bespoke, it:] and Mtr relates his having heard from one worthy of reliance of the people of Baghdád, that they say ↓ تظاهرتُ بِهِ in the place of أَظْهَرْتُهُ, and scarcely ever employ اظهر in its usual sense. (Har p. 85.) [Hence, اظهر التَّضْعِيفَ He made the doubling of a letter distinct; as in لَحِحَتْ; which, accord. to a general rule, should be لَحَّتْ: opposed to أَدْغَمَ. And اظهر لَهُ كَذَا He showed, &c., to him such a thing: and he made a show of, professed, pretended, or feigned, to him such a thing: as, for instance, love.] b2: أَظْهَرْتُ بِفُلَانٍ means أَعْلَيْتُ بِهِ [a phrase which I have not found except in this instance, app. I elevated, or exalted, such a one: like أَعْلَيْتُهُ, which has this meaning]: (S, IKtt, L, TA:) or أَعْلَنْتُ بِهِ [app. meaning I made such a one to be, or become, publicly known]: (So in the O:) [but the former explanation seems to be regarded by SM as the right; for he remarks that,] accord. to all the copies of the K, the explanation is أَعْلَنَ بِهِ, and refers to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ

[instead of أَظْهَرَ]; so that what its author says in this case differs in two points of view from what is found in the “ Kitáb el-Abniyeh ” of IKtt, in which the ى in أَعْلَيْتُ has been marked as correct, and in the L [as well as in the S]. (TA.) A2: اظهرهُ اللّٰهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ means God made him to overcome, conquer, subdue, overpower, master, gain the victory over, or prevail over, his enemy. (S, A, O, TA.) b2: And [hence] اظهرهُ عَلَيْهِ He (God) made him to know it, or become acquainted with it: you say, أَظْهَرَنِى اللّٰهُ عَلَى مَا سُرِقَ مِنِّى God made me to know [or discover] what had been stolen from me. (TA.) A3: See also 1, last quarter, in two places.

A4: And see 2.

A5: اظهر signifies also He entered upon the time called the ظَهِيرَة: (A, Msb, K:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (Msb.) And He went, or journeyed, in the time called the ظَهِيرَة; as also ↓ ظهّر, (K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ: (TA:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (S, O.) 5 تظهّر and اِظَّهَّرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.6 تَظَاْهَرَ see 1, first sentence: b2: and see also 4, first sentence. b3: تظاهروا They aided, or assisted, one another. (S, O, * K.) And تظاهروا عَلَى فُلَانٍ

They leagued together, and aided one another, against such a one. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. ضفر.) b4: Also They regarded, or treated, one another with enmity, or hostility; or severed themselves, one from another: (S, Msb, K:) as though they turned their backs, one upon another: (S:) or, because they who do so turn their backs, one upon another. (Msb.) Thus the verb has two contr. meanings. (K.) b5: تظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ and اِظَّاهَرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.8 اِظَّهَرَ: see 1, last quarter.10 استظهر بِهِ He sought aid, or assistance, in, or by means of, him, or it, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) عَلَيْهِ [against him, or it]; as also استظهرهُ. (TA.) [In the CK, after the explanation of استظهر به, is an omission, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ.] One says, استظهر بِالْغِنَى عَلَى النَّوَائِبِ [He sought aid in wealth against calamities, or afflictions]. (Msb.) And بِهِ ↓ ظاهر signifies the same as استظهر [in this sense or in another of the senses expl. in what follows]. (TA.) b2: and استظهرتُ بِالشَّىْءِ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرْتُ, and ↓ ظَهَرْتُهُ, I put the thing behind my back for protection, or security. (Har p. 265.) b3: And استظهر He prepared for himself a camel, or two camels, or more, for future need: (T:) and استظهرهُ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ, He prepared him, namely, a camel, for future need: (K:) and استظهر بِبَعِيرَيْنِ ظِهْرِيَّيْنِ He prepared for himself two camels for future need. (T. [See ظِهْرِىٌّ.]) b4: Hence, (T,) استظهر signifies also He used precaution (T, Msb) with respect to anything: (T:) he secured himself, (اِسْتَوْثَقَ,) by using precaution; as, for instance, a woman does by remaining three days, before she performs the ablution termed غُسْل, and prays, after the usual period of the menses. (T, L.) One says, يُسْتَحَبُّ الاِسْتِظْهَارُ بِغَسْلَةٍ ثَانِيَةٍ

وَثَالِثَةٍ The using precaution by a second and a third washing, to make sure of being pure, is approved. (Er-Ráfi'ee, Msb.) And استظهرتُ فِى طَلَبِ الشَّىْءِ I adopted the most fit, or proper, way, and used precaution, in seeking to attain the thing. (Msb.) b5: See also 1, in the middle of the latter half.

ظَهْرٌ The back; contr. of بَطْنٌ: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) in a man, from the hinder part of the كَاهِل [or base of the neck] to the nearest part of the buttocks, where it terminates: (TA:) in a camel, the part containing six vertebræ on the right and left of which are [two portions of flesh and sinew called the] مَتْنَانِ: (AHeyth, T, O:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَظْهُرٌ, and [of mult.] ظُهُورٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ. (Msb, K.) b2: رَجُلٌ خَفِيفُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) A man having a small household to maintain: and ثَقِيلُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) having a large household to maintain. (K, * TA.) b3: أَنْت عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ

أُمِّى Thou art to me like the back of my mother: said by a man to his wife. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) [This has been expl. above: see 3.] b4: عَدَا فِى

ظَهْرِهِ (tropical:) He stole what was behind him: (A:) [or he acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind him: for] لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the words عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. means (tropical:) A thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O, K.) b5: أَقْرَانُ الظَّهْرِ (S, O, K) and الظُّهُورِ (O, TA) Adversaries who come to one from behind his back, in war, or fight. (S, O, K, * TA.) In the copies of the K, يُحِبُّونَكَ is erroneously put for يَجِيؤُونَكَ. (TA.) You say also, فُلَانٌ قِرْنُ الظَّهْرِ Such a one is an adversary who comes to one from behind, unknown. (IAar, As.) b6: قَتَلَهُ ظَهْرًا He slew him unexpectedly; he assassinated him; syn. غِيلَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b7: جَعَلَنِى بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He cast me off. (TA.) And جَعَلتُ حَاجَتَهُ بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) I cast his want behind my back: (AO, K:) and ↓ جَعَلَهَا ظِهْرِيَّةً signifies the same: (S:) and ↓ اِتَّخَذَهَا ظِهْرِيًّا, (K,) and ↓ ظِهْرِيَّةً: (TA:) or the former of the last two phrases signifies he held it in contempt; as though ظهريّا were an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) or ↓ اِتَّخَذَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he neglected, or forgot, (S, O, * Msb,) him, as in the Kur xi. 94, (S, O,) or it, namely, what was said. (Msb.) And لَا تَجْعَلْ حَاجَتِى

بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) Forget not thou, or neglect not, my want: (S:) and ↓ جَعَلَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he forgot it; as well as جعله بِظَهْرٍ. (A.) And جَعَلْتُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ بِظَهْرٍ, and رَمَيْتُهُ بِظَهْرٍ, (tropical:) I cared not for this thing. (Th, O.) b8: فُلَانٌ مِنْ وَلَدِ الظَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is of those who do not belong to us: or of those to whom no regard is paid: (TA:) or of those who are held in contempt, and to whose ties of relationship no regard is paid. (S, TA.) b9: هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ ظَهْرًا (tropical:) [He is his cousin on the father's side,] distantly related: contr. of دِنْيًا [and لَحًّا]. (As, A, O, TA.) b10: رَجَعَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ [He receded, retired, or retreated]. (K in art. ثبجر.) b11: هُوَ نَازِلٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِمْ, and ↓ بين ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, (S, A, O, Msb, K, *) in which latter the ا and ن are said by some to be added for corroboration, (Msb,) and for which one should not say ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ, (IF, S, O, Msb, K,) and بين أَظْهُرِهِمْ, (Msb, K,) (tropical:) He is making his abode in the midst of them; in the main body of them: (K, TA:) originally meaning he is making his abode among them for the purpose of seeking aid of them and staying himself upon them: as though it meant that the back of one of them was before him, and that of another behind him, so that he was defended in either direction: afterwards, by reason of frequency of usage, it came to be employed to signify abiding among a people absolutely. (IAth, Msb.) You say also هُوَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, meaning It (anything) is in the midst, or main part, of it, namely, another thing. (TA.) b12: لَقِيتُهُ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَيْنِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) (tropical:) I met him during the day, (Msb,) or during the two days, (S, O, K,) or during the three days, (K,) or the days: (S, O, Msb:) from the next preceding phrase. (TA.) And أَتَيْتُهُ مَرَّةً بَيْنَ الظَّهَرْينِ (tropical:) I came to him one day: or, accord. to Aboo-Fak'as, on a day between two years. (Fr.) And اللَّيْلِ ↓ رَأَيْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) I saw him between nightfall and daybreak. (TA.) and النَّهَارِ ↓ جِئْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) [I came to him between the beginning and end of the day]. (A.) b13: تَقَلَّبَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (assumed tropical:) It turned over and over, or upside down, (lit. back for belly,) as a serpent does upon ground heated by the sun. (S and TA in art. قلب.) [Hence,] قَلَبْتُ الأَرْضَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (tropical:) [I turned the earth over, upside-down]. (A.) And [hence,] قَلَّبَ أَمْرَهُ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ, (O, * TA,) and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنٍ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنِهِ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِلْبَطْنِ, which last form is preferred by El-Farezdak to the second, because [as in the third form] the second of the two words is determinate like the first word, (tropical:) He meditated, or managed, the affair with forecast, and well. (O, * TA.) b14: The Arabs used to say, هٰذَا ظَهْرُ السَّمَآءِ and هذا بَطْنُ السَّمَآءِ, both meaning (tropical:) This is the apparent, visible, part of the sky. (Fr, Az.) And the like is said of the side of a wall, which is its بَطْن to a person on the same side, and its ظَهْر to one on the other side. (Az.) b15: مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ آيَةٌ إِلَّا لَهَا ظَهْرٌ وَبَطْنٌ, [part of] a saying of Mohammad, [of which see the rest voce مُطَّلَعٌ,] means (assumed tropical:) Not a verse of the Kur-án has come down but it has a verbal expression and an interpretation: (K, * TA:) or a verbal expression and a meaning: or that which has an apparent and a known [or an exoteric] interpretation and that which has an intrinsic [or esoteric] interpretation: (TA:) or narration (K, TA) and admonition: (TA:) or [it is to be read and to be understood and taught; for] by the ظهر is meant the reading; and by the بطن, the understanding and teaching. (TA.) [See also بَطْنٌ.] b16: ظَهْرٌ signifies also (tropical:) Camels on which people ride, and which carry goods; (S, * A, * O, K, * TA;) camels that carry burdens upon their backs in journeying: (TA:) [or] a beast: or a camel for riding: (Mgh:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Arfajeh, فَتَنَاوَلَ السَّيْفَ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ And he reached, or took in his hand, the sword from the camels for carrying burdens and for riding: and in another, أَتَأْذَنُ لَنَا فِى نَحْرِ ظَهْرِنَا Dost thou permit us to slaughter our camels which we ride? (TA.) And one says also, هُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He is determined upon travel: (K:) as though he had already mounted a beast for that purpose. (TA.) b17: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) Property consisting of camels and sheep or goats: (TA:) or much property. (K, TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) The short side [or lateral half] of a feather: (S, O, K:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ: (S, M, K, TA, &c.:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, sing. of بُطْنَانٌ, (TA,) which latter signifies the “ long sides: ” (S, TA:) and ↓ ظُهَارٌ signifies the same as ظَهْرٌ, (K,) or the same as ظُهْرَانٌ, being an irregular pl.; and this is meant by the saying الظُّهَارُ بِالضَّمِ الجَمَاعَةُ, mentioned in a later place in the K [in such a manner as to have led to the supposition that ظُهَارٌ is also syn. with جَمَاعَةٌ]: (TA:) AO says that among the feathers of arrows are the ظُهَار, which are those that are put [upon an arrow] of the ظَهْر [or outer side] of the عَسِيب [app. here meaning the shaft] of the feather; (S, TA;) i. e., the shorter side, which is the best kind of feather; as also ظُهْرَان: sing. ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) ISd says that the ظُهْرَان are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are exposed to the sun and rain: (TA:) Lth says that the ظُهَار are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are apparent. (O, TA.) One says, رِشْ سَهْمَكَ بِظُهْرَانٍ وَلَا تَرِشْهُ بِبُطْنَانٍ

[Feather thine arrow with short sides of feathers, and feather it not with long sides of feathers]. (S, TA.) [De Sacy supposes that ظُهُورٌ and بُطُونٌ are also pls. of ظَهْرٌ and بَطْنٌ thus used: (see his “ Chrest. Arabe,” sec. ed., tome ii., p.

374:) but his reasons do not appear to me to be conclusive.] ↓ ظُهَارٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ are also used as epithets: you say, رِيشٌ ظُهَارٌ and رِيشٌ ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) b19: [ظَهْرُ الكَفِّ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The back of the hand. And in like manner, ظَهْرُ القَدَمِ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The upper, or convex, side, or back, of the human foot, corresponding to the back of the hand, including the instep: opposed to بَطْن and بَاطِن. And ظَهْرُ اللِّسَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The upper surface of the tongue.] b20: And ظَهْرٌ also signifies (tropical:) A way by land. (S, M, O, Msb, K.) This expression is used when there is a way by land and a way by sea. (M.) You say, سَارُوا فِى طَرِيقِ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) They journeyed by land. (A.) b21: And (assumed tropical:) An elevated tract of land or ground; as also ↓ ظَاهِرةٌ: (A:) or rugged and elevated land or ground; (JK, K;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, which signifies “ soft and plain and fine and low land or ground: ” (TA:) and ↓ ظَوَاهِرُ [pl. of. ظَاهِرَةٌ] signifies (assumed tropical:) elevated tracts of land or ground: (S, K:) you say, هَاجَتْ ظَوَاهِرُ الأَرْضِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) the herbs, or leguminous plants, of the elevated tracts of land, or ground, dried up: (As, S, L:) and ↓ ظَاهِرٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) the higher, or highest, part of a mountain; (ISh, L, TA;) whether its exterior be plain or not: (TA:) and ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ, the same, of anything: (L:) when you have ascended upon the ظَهْر of a mountain, you are upon its ظَاهِرَة. (TA.) b22: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظَهْرًا means (assumed tropical:) Their valley flowed with the rain of their own land: opposed to دُرْءًا, meaning, “from other rain: ” (IAar, O, K: *) or the former signifies their valley flowed with its own rain: and the latter, “with other than its own rain: ” (TA:) and some say ↓ ظُهْرًا, which Az thinks the better form. (O, TA.) b23: [Hence, probably,] أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ مَطَرَ ظَهْرٍ (assumed tropical:) I obtained from him, or it, much good. (Sgh, O, K.) b24: And another signification of ظَهْرٌ is What is absent, or hidden, or concealed, from one. (O, K.) b25: It is sometimes prefixed to another noun to give plainness and force to the expression; as in ظَهْرُ الغَيْبِ and ظَهْرُ القَلْبِ, meaning نَفْسُ الغَيْبِ and نَفْسُ القَلْبِ: (Msb:) or it is redundant in these instances. (Mgh.) Lebeed says, describing a [wild] cow going about after a beast of prey that had eaten her young one, وَتَسَمَّعَتْ رِزَّ الأَنِيسِ فَرَاعَهَا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ وَالأَنِيسُ سَقَامُهَا [And she heard the sound of man, and it frightened her, from a place that concealed what was in it; for man is her malady; i. e., a cause of pain and trouble and death to her]: (TA:) meaning, she heard the sound of the hunters, &c. (TA in art. غيب.) And you say, تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ He carped at him behind the back, or in absence, by saying what would grieve him. (TA in art. غيب.) And تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ (A, O) or عن ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ (TA) [app., (tropical:) I spoke it by memory; in the absence of a book or the like; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب. See also غَيْبٌ.] And قَرَأَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ القَلْبِ (tropical:) He recited it by heart, or memory; without book: (L, K: [in the latter, مِنْ is put in the place of عَنْ; but the right reading is that in the L: and in the CK is an omission here, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ:]) and ↓ قرأه ظَاهِرًا and قرأه عَلَى

ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ [signify the same]. (K.) And حَمَلَ القُرْآنَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ like حَفِظَهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَلْبِهِ (tropical:) [He knew the Kur-án by heart]. (A, * O, TA.) b26: One says also, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ يَدِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one eats at the expense of such a one. (A, O, K. *) And in like manner, الفُقَرَآءُ يَأْكُلُونَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ أَيْدِى النَّاسِ (tropical:) The poor eat at the expense of the people. (A, TA.) And أَعْطَاهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ يَدٍ (tropical:) He gave him originally; without compensation. (O, * K; but in some copies of the K we find مِنْ in the place of عَنْ.) It is said [in a trad.], أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى (tropical:) The most excellent of alms is that which is [derived] from competence; ظهر: (Msb:) or simply عَنْ غِنًى, the word ظهر being here redundant: (Mgh:) or from manifest competence upon which one relies, and in which he seeks aid against calamities, or afflictions: or from what remains after fight: (Msb:) or from superfluous property. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ

A3: قِدْرُ ظَهْرٍ means (assumed tropical:) An old cooking-pot: (O, K: *) pl. قُدُورُ ظُهُورٍ: (O:) as though, because of its oldness, it were thrown behind the back. (TA.) ظُهْرٌ Midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb, * K, * O, * TA:) or [the time immediately] after the declining of the sun: (S, Mgh:) masc. and fem.; unless when the word صَلَاة is prefixed to it, in which case it is fem. only: (Msb:) [pl. أَظْهَارٌ. See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.] صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ means The prayer [i. e. the divinely-ordained prayer] of midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or of the time after the declining of the sun. (S, O.) In the phrases أَبْرِدُوا بِالظُّهْرِ [Defer ye the prayer of midday until the cooler time of day] and صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ [He performed the prayer of midday], the prefixed noun (صَلَاة) is suppressed. (Mgh.) A2: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظُهْرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, last quarter.

ظَهِرٌ, (S,) or ↓ ظَهِيرٌ, (K,) [the former agreeable with analogy, being derived from ظَهِرَ,] A man (S,) having a complaint of the back: (S, K:) or having a pain in the back: as also ↓ مَظْهُورٌ. (O, TA.) ظُهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in three places.

A2: Also The tortoise. (O, K.) ظِهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in six places.

ظَهَرَةٌ The goods, or furniture and utensils, of a house or tent; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) as also أَهَرَةٌ: (IAar, TA:) or the former signifies the exterior of a house, or tent; and the latter, the “ interior thereof. ” (Th, TA.) b2: And Abundance of مَال [i. e. property, or cattle]. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ.

ظِهْرِىٌّ A camel prepared for future need; (T, S, O, K;) taken, by way of precaution, to bear the burden of any camel that may happen to fail in a journey: sometimes two or more unladen camels are taken for this purpose: some say that such a camel is thus called because its owner puts it behind his back, not riding it nor putting any burden upon it: (T, TA:) the word appears to be an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (ISd, TA:) pl. ظَهَارِىٌّ, imperfectly decl., because the rel. ى

retains its place in the sing. [inseparably; there being no such word as ظِهْر: but if it be a rel. n., this pl. is irreg., like مَهَارِىٌّ]. (S, O, K.) b2: See ظَهْرٌ, first quarter, in five places, for examples of ظِهْرِىٌّ and ظِهْرِيَّةٌ used tropically.

ظُهْرَان [app. ظُهْرَانٌ (which is also a pl. of ظَهْرٌ used in several senses), or, perhaps ظُهْرَانِ, as having a dual meaning,] The upper, thick, pair of wings of the locust. (AHn, TA.) b2: [See also ظَهْرٌ.]

بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, and ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, and الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, &c.: see ظَهْرٌ, former half, in five places.

ظَهَارٌ The exterior (K, TA) and elevated (TA) part of a [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة. (K, TA.) ظُهَارٌ Pain in the back. (Az, O, TA.) A2: See also ظَهْرٌ, third quarter, in two places.

ظَهِيرٌ: see ظَاهِرٌ.

A2: Also An aider, or assistant; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ: (K:) [in one place, in the K, ظِهْرَةٌ is expl. by عَوْن; but by this is meant, as will be seen below, the same as is meant by مُعِين, by which all the three words are expl. in another place in the K, as well as in the S &c.:] and aiders, or assistants; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) the pl. of ظَهِيرٌ is ظُهَرَآءُ. (O.) It is said in the Kur [xxv. 57], وَكَانَ الكَافِرُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا And the unbeliever is an aider of the enemies of God [against his Lord]. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) You say also, فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ ↓ ظِهْرَتِى Such a one is my aider (عَوْن) against such a one: and عَلَى هٰذَا ↓ أَنَا ظِهْرَتُكَ الأَمْرِ I am thine aider against this thing, or affair. (S, O.) And it is also said in the Kur [lxvi. 4], وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ [And the angels after that will be his aiders]: and instance of ظهير in a pl. sense: (S, O, Msb:) for words of the measures فَعُولٌ and فَعِيلٌ are sometimes masc. and fem. [and sing.] and pl. (S.) You also say, ↓ جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى ظِهْرَتِهِ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ ظُهْرَتِهِ, (A, K,) and ↓ ظَهَرَتِهِ, and ↓ ظَاهِرَتِهِ, (K,) Such a one came among his people, (S,) or kinsfolk, (K,) and those who performed his affairs for him, (S, A,) i. e., his aiders, or assistants. (A.) And وَاحِدَةٍ ↓ هُمْ فِى ظِهْرَةٍ They aid one another against the enemies. (TA.) b2: Also Strong in the back; (K;) sound therein: (Lth:) and so ↓ مُظَهَّرٌ: (S, O, K:) applied to a man: (S:) or hard and strong; whether in the back or any other part is not said: (TA:) in this sense, (TA,) or as signifying strong, (S, O,) applied to a camel: fem. with ة. (S, O, TA.) b3: Also A camel whose back is not used, on account of galls, or sores, upon it: or unsound in the back by reason of galls, or sores, or from some other cause. (Th.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (TA.) A3: See also ظَهِرٌ.

ظِهَارَةٌ [The facing, or outer covering, or] what is uppermost, (TA,) what is apparent (Msb, TA) to the eye, (Msb,) not next the body, of a garment; (TA;) and in like manner, what is uppermost and apparent, not next the ground, of a carpet; (TA;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) contr. of بِطَانَةٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) ظَهِيرَةٌ The point of midday: (M, A, K:) or only in summer: (M, K:) or i. q. هَاجِرَةٌ [i. e. midday in summer or when the heat is vehement: or the period from a little before, to a little after, midday in summer: or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر]: (S, O, TA:) or the هَاجِرَة, which is when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb:) or the vehement heat of midday: (IAth, TA:) or i. q. ظُهْرٌ [q. v.]: (Az, TA:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) You say, أَتْيْتُهُ حَدَّ الظَّهِيرَةِ [I came to him at the point of midday in summer; &c.]: and حِينَ قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ [when the sun had become high, and the shade had almost disappeared: so expl. in art. قوم]. (S, O.) and أَبْرِدْ عَنْكَ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ Stay thou until the middayheat shall have become assuaged, and the air be cool. (L in art. فيح.) And hence, in a trad. of 'Omar, when a man came to him complaining of gout in the feet, he said, كَذَبَتْكَ الظَّهَائِرُ, meaning Take thou to walking during the heat of the middays in summer. (TA.) ظُهَارِيَّةٌ One of the modes of seizing [and throwing down] in wrestling: or i. q. شَغْزَبِيَّةٌ: (K:) the twisting one's leg with the leg of another in the manner that is termed شَغْزَبِيَّة, and so throwing him down: one says, أَخَذَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ and الشَّغْزَبِيَّةَ [He seized him and threw him down by the trick above described]: both signify the same: (ISh, O:) or ظُهَارِيَّةٌ signifies the throwing one down upon the back. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b2: And (hence, as being likened thereto, TA) (tropical:) A certain mode, or manner, of compressing, or coïtus. (O, K, TA.) b3: And أَوْثَقَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ He bound his hands behind his back. (Ibn-Buzurj, O, K, TA.) ظَاهِرٌ [Outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence, appearing, apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, conspicuous, ostensible, plain, or evident: in all these senses] contr. of بَاطِنٌ: (S, K, TA:) and so ↓ ظَهِيرٌ. (TA.) [Hence, ظَاهِرًا Outwardly, &c.: and apparently; &c.: and فِى الظَّاهِرِ in appearance. And الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It appears, or it seems, or what seems to be the case is, that it is so, or thus. And ظَاهِرُ كَذَا for ظَاهِرٌ فِيهِ كَذَا, meaning A person, or thing, in whom, or in which, such a quality is apparent, or manifest, &c.: see an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. طعن.] See also مُظْهَرٌ. b2: [Hence also,] عَيْنٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ A prominent eye; (S, O, K, TA;) that fills its cavity. (TA.) b3: And هٰذَا

أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهُ (tropical:) This is a thing, or an affair, of which the disgrace is remote from thee: (S, TA:) or does not cleave to thee. (TA.) and هٰذَا عَيْبٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ (tropical:) This is a vice, or fault, that does not cleave to thee. (A.) A poet says, (namely, Kutheiyir, accord. to a copy of the S, or Aboo-Dhu-eyb, TA,) وَعَيَّرَهَا الوَاشُونَ أَنِّى أُحِبُّهَا وَتِلْكَ شَكَاةٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهَا (tropical:) [And the slanderers taunted her with the fact of my loving her; but that is a fault of which the disgrace is remote from thee]. (S, TA.) b4: [الظَّاهِرُ also signifies The outside, or exterior, of a thing. You say, نَزَلَ ظَاهِرَ المَدِينَةِ He alighted, or took up his abode, outside the city: comp. ظَاهِرَةٌ. Hence,] ظَاهِرُ الكَفِّ and ظَاهِرُ القَدَمِ; and another signification of ظَاهِرٌ: for all of which see ظَهْرٌ, third quarter. b5: [Also The external, outward, or extrinsic, state, condition, or circumstances, of a man: and the outward, or apparent, character, or disposition of the mind: opposed to البَاطِنُ.] b6: One says also, فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one has the ascendancy, or mastery, over such a one; is conqueror of him, or victorious over him. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ بِكَ This is a thing, or an affair, that overcomes, or overpowers, thee. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ

أَنْتَ بِهِ ظَاهِرٌ This is an affair which thou hast power to do. (TA.) [And هُوَ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى كَذَا He is a conqueror, a winner, an achiever, or an attainer, of such a thing: see an ex. voce غَرَبٌ, near the end.] And الظَّاهِرُ is one of the names of God, meaning The Ascendant, or Predominant, over all things: or, as some say, He who is known -by inference of the mind from what appears to mankind of the effects of his actions and his attributes. (IAth, TA.) b7: حَاجَتُهُ عِنْدَكَ ظَاهِرَةٌ means (tropical:) His want is in thine estimation [an object of contempt, or neglect, as though] cast behind the back. (O, * TA.) b8: قَرَأَهُ ظَاهِرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, towards the end of the paragraph.

A2: شَآءٌ ظَوَاهِرُ Sheep, or goats, that come to the water every day at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةٌ as a subst.; and its pl. ظَوَاهِرُ: see ظَهْرٌ, in four places, in the third quarter of the paragraph. [Hence,] قُرَيْشُ الظَّوَاهِرِ Those, of Kureysh, that dwell in the exterior of Mekkeh, (O,) upon the mountains thereof, (K, * TA,) or upon the higher parts of Mekkeh: (TA:) those who dwell in the lower parts are called قُرَيْشُ البِطَاحِ; (O, * TA;) and these are the more honourable, (O, TA, *) because they are neighbours of the House of God. (O.) b2: See also ظِهَارَةٌ.

A2: And see ظَهِيرٌ.

A3: Also The coming of camels, (S, O, K, TA,) and of sheep or goats, (TA,) to the water every day, at noon. (S, O, K, TA.) One says, of camels, [and of sheep or goats,] تَرِدُ الظَّاهِرَةَ [They come to the water every day, at noon]: and Sh says that they return from the water at the عَصْر. (TA.) And شَرِبَ الفَرَسُ ظَاهِرَةً The horse drank every day, at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةُ الغِبِّ [The coming to the water at noon on alternate days] is for sheep or goats; scarcely ever, or never, for camels; and is a little shorter [in the interval] than what is called [simply] الغِبُّ. (O, TA.) مَظْهَرٌ i. q. مَصْعَدٌ [i. e. A place of ascent, or a place to which one ascends]; (O, K; in some copies of the latter of which, both words are erroneously written with damm to the م; TA;) and دَرَجَةٌ [as meaning a degree, grade, rank, condition, or station, or an exalted, or a high, grade, &c.]: (O:) used by En-Nábighah ElJaadee as meaning Paradise. (O, TA.) مُظْهَرٌ Made apparent, &c. b2: And hence, as also ↓ ظَاهِرٌ, but the former more commonly, applied to a noun, Explicit; and, elliptically, an explicit noun; opposed to مُضْمَرٌ and ضَمِيرٌ (a concealed noun, i. e. a pronoun); and to مُبْهَمٌ (a noun of vague signification).]

مُظْهِرٌ Possessing camels for riding or for carrying goods: pl. مُظْهِرُونَ. (S, * K, * TA.) A2: and A camel made to sweat by the ظَهِيرَة [or vehement heat of midday in summer]. (Sgh, K, TA.) and accord. to As, one says, ↓ أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ مُظَهِّرًا, meaning Such a one came to us in the time of the ظَهِيرَة [or midday in summer, &c.]: but accord. to A 'Obeyd, others say مُظْهِرًا, without teshdeed; and this is the proper form: (S) or both mean, in the time of the ظُهْر. (O.) مُظَهَّرٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

مُظَهِّرٌ: see مُظْهِرٌ.

مُظْهُورٌ pass. part. n. of ظَهَرَ [q. v.]. b2: See also ظَهِرٌ. Quasi ظور 3 ظَاوِرْ, occurring in a trad. for ظَائِرْ: see 3 in art. ظأر.

فصح

1 فَصُحَ, (S, A, Mz in the 9th نوع, and so in some copies of the K as stated in the TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. فَصَاحَةٌ, (KL,) or فَصْحٌ; (Mz ubi suprà, on the authority of Er-Rághib;) or ↓ فصّح; (so in other copies of the K;) or the latter also; (A;) and ↓ افصح; (A, K, Mz;) said of milk, It became divested of the froth, (S, A, K, Mz,) which is the primary signification accord. to Er-Rághib; (Mz;) and clear of its biestings: (A:) or ↓ افصح has this latter signification. (S, L, K.) and فَصْحٌ, accord. to Er-Rághib, signifies [also] A thing's becoming clear of what was mixed with it. (Mz ubi suprà.) b2: And [hence] فَصُحَ, (S, Msb, K, and Mz ubi suprà,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. فَصَاحَةٌ (S, K) and فَصْحٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, good in his language, or dialect; a metaphorical signification from the same verb as said of milk; so accord. to Er-Rághib: (Mz: see also 4: [and see فَصَاحَهٌ below:]) or he (a foreigner) was, or became, good and correct in his language, or dialect: (S, Msb:) or he [a man] was, or became, clear, perspicuous, or distinct, in speech, or language: and he (a foreigner) spoke Arabic intelligibly: but this signification seems to belong more properly to أَفْصَحَ, q. v.:] or he [a man] was an Arab [by birth, and therefore in speech], and he increased in فَصَاحَة [q. v.]; like ↓ تفصّح: (K:) and he was, or became, eloquent; (L;) thus used as syn. with بَلُغَ [from which it is properly distinct]. (MF.) A2: قَدْ فَصَحَكَ الصُّبْحُ [is said to mean] (assumed tropical:) Daybreak has become apparent to thee, and its light has overcome thee: (K, * TA:) and some say, فَضَحَكَ: [or,] accord. to Lh, فَصَحَهُ الصُّبْحُ means daybreak came upon him suddenly. (TA.) 2 فصّح: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also, (tropical:) He (a foreigner) made his tongue to speak Arabic. (A.) 4 افصح: see 1, first sentence, in two places. b2: It is also said of urine, (K, TA,) as mentioned by IAar, but not expl. by him, (TA,) meaning It became clear, or free from turbidness. (K.) b3: And افصحت is said of a ewe, or she-goat, (S, A, K,) and of a she-camel, (TA,) meaning Her milk became free from admixture; (K;) or free from froth, and clear of its biestings: (A:) or her biestings ceased, and the milk came after: (Lh, TA:) or her biestings ceased, and her milk became free from admixture. (S.) b4: and [hence] افصح signifies also (tropical:) He spoke with فَصَاحَة; (K, TA;) [i. e. clearness, perspicuousness, or distinctness; accord. to the explanation of فصاحة in the K, and the usage of this verb in numerous exs.; or with chasteness, or correctness;] as also افصح الكَلَامَ and افصح بِهِ, and افصح القَوْلَ; but when the verb became in frequent use, and commonly known, the objective complement became dropped, as in the case of أَحْسَنَ, &c.: (TA:) (assumed tropical:) he spoke clearly, or plainly, (A, * K, * TA,) to another; (A, TA;) without indistinctness, or without concealment: (TA:) [and] (tropical:) he (a foreigner) spoke Arabic: (S, A, Msb:) or (assumed tropical:) spoke Arabic correctly: (ISk, Msb:) [and] (assumed tropical:) he (a man of barbarous or vitious or indistinct speech) spoke intelligibly. (L.) And one says, افصح فِى

مَنْطِقِهِ (tropical:) He (a child) began to speak intelligibly. (A, L.) And ↓ افصح فُلَانٌ ثُمَّ فَصُحَ (tropical:) [He spoke Arabic, and then became good in his language, or dialect: so accord. to Er-Rághib, as cited in the Mz, 9th نوع; in which it is said that some, but not so correctly, use these two verbs in the converse manner: or he spoke clearly, or intelligibly, and then became chaste, or good and correct, or eloquent, in his speech, or language]. (A.) and افصح is also used in poetry as signifying (assumed tropical:) He (an animal not endowed with speech) uttered a sound, or cry, clearly. (L.) And one says, افصح عَنْ شَىْءٍ, inf. n. إِفْصَاحٌ [in this and the preceding senses], meaning (tropical:) He explained a thing. (A, * TA.) And افصح عَنْ مُرَادِهِ (assumed tropical:) He showed or revealed [his desire or his meaning]. (Msb.) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) became clearly apparent, manifest, or evident. (K.) One says, افصح الصُّبْحُ (tropical:) The daybreak became clearly apparent; (A, * K;) the light of daybreak appeared. (S.) b6: And افصح الرَّجُلُ مِنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) The man got clear out of such a thing; or escaped from it. (S, TA.) You say, نُفْصِحُ مِنْ شِتَائِنَا (tropical:) We shall get clear out of our winter. (A.) b7: And أَفْصَحُوا (tropical:) They (the Christians, S, A, K) entered upon, (S, K,) or celebrated, (A,) the festival called الفِصْح [or Easter], (S, A, K,) and broke their fast, eating flesh-meat. (TA.) [And said also of Jews, meaning They celebrated the Passover: see الفِصْحُ.]5 تفصّح (tropical:) He affected (تَكَلَّفَ) the faculty, or quality, of فَصَاحَة [q. v.] (S, A, TA) فِى كَلَامِهِ [in his speech]; as also ↓ تفاصح: (S:) or he made use of the faculty of فَصَاحَة: or, as some say, [but accord. to general analogy, this signification seems to belong more properly to ↓ تفاصح,] he affected a resemblance to those endowed with that faculty; [or made a show of فصاحة;] like تَحَلَّمَ as meaning “ he made a show of الحِلْم ” [i. e. “ forbearance,” &c.; in which sense تَحَالَمَ is more commonly used]. (TA.) See also 1, latter part.6 تَفَاْصَحَ see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.10 إِسْتَفْصَحَ [استفصحهُ (assumed tropical:) He deemed it فَصِيح as meaning chaste, or free from barbarousness, &c.; namely, a word, or phrase: and probably used in a similar sense in relation to a man: but perhaps post-classical: its pass. part. n. occurs in the Mgh, in art. بنى.] b2: اِسْتَفْصَحْتُهُ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [I asked him, or desired him, to explain such a thing: see 4, latter half]. (O and K in art. سنح.) فَصْحٌ: see فَصِيحٌ.

فِصْحٌ: see فَصِيحٌ, first sentence. b2: Also (tropical:) A day cloudless by reason of cold; (ISh, T, TA,) or a day without clouds and without cold; as also ↓ مُفْصِحٌ. (K.) b3: And الفِصْحُ [or عِيدُ الفِصْحِ] (vulgarly pronounced الفَصْح, ISk, Msb) (tropical:) The festival of the Christians, (S, A, Msb, K,) [namely, Easter,] when they break their fast, and eat flesh-meat, (S, Msb,) after haring fasted eight and forty days, the Sunday after these days being their festival: (TA:) [and the Passover of the Jews; also called الفَاسِخَ; thus with س and خ; more properly called عِيدُ الفَطِيرِ:] pl. فُصُوحٌ. (Msb, TA.) فَصِيحٌ Milk divested of the froth, (S, A,) and clear of its biestings; (A:) or milk that has come after the ceasing of the biestings; as also ↓ فِصْحٌ. (Lh, TA.) b2: [And hence,] (tropical:) Chaste, as meaning free from barbarousness: applied in this sense to a word, or an expression, and to language in general, and to a speaker, or writer: i. e.,] as applied to a word, or an expression, it means [free from an incongruous combination of letters and from strangeness and from contrariety to analogy not sanctioned by frequency of usage among the Arabs of pure speech; (see فَصَاحَةٌ, below:) or] of which the beauty is perceived by hearing: (K:) and as applied to language in general, [free from weakness of construction and from incongruity of works, with فَصَاحَة (which see again) in the words themselves:] as used by the vulgar, it means in which the rules of desinential syntax are observed: syn. مُعْرَبٌ: (L;) [and sometimes it means] eloquent; syn. بَلِيغٌ. [from which it is properly distinct]: (S:) and as applied to a man, [possessing a faculty whereby he is enabled to express what he desires, with فَصَاحَة (which see again) in languages or] clear, perspicuous, or distinct, in speech, or language; as also ↓ فَصْحٌ; (K;) but this latter is an intensive epithet, [being originally an inf. n.,] like عَدْلٌ: (TA:) [and sometimes it signifies] eloquent; syn. بَلَيغٌ [respecting which see what precedes]: (S, A:) or مُنْطَلِقُ اللِّسَانِ [i. e. free from impediment of the tongue, or eloquent, or chaste,] in speech, who knows how to distinguish what is good in language from what is bad: (TA;) the pl. as applied to men is فُصَحَآءِ and فِصَاحٌ and فُصُحٌ, (K, TA,) the last formed in the manner of the broken pl. of a subst., like قُضُبٌ pl. of قَضِيبٌ: (Sb, TA:) the fem. is فَصِيحَةٌ; of which the pl. is فِصَاحٌ and فَصَائِحُ. (K, TA.) And you say رَجُلٌ فَصِيحُ اللِّسَانِ (assumed tropical:) A man whose tongue speaks Arabic correctly. (Msb.) And لِسَانٌ فَصِيحٌ i. q. طَلْقٌ (assumed tropical:) [A tongue free from impediment, or eloquent, or chaste in speech]: (S:) or (tropical:) an eloquent tongue. (A.) And فَصِيحٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Any one having the faculty of speech; (S;) [i. e.] a human being; (TA:) أَعْجَمُ meaning that which is “ destitute of the faculty of speech; ” (S;) [i. e.] “ a beast; ” as also صَامتٌ: whence the saying, لَهُ مَالٌ فَصِيحٌ وَصَامِتٌ (tropical:) [as though meaning He has property consisting of human beings and of beasts: but see صَامِتٌ]. (TA.) And it also occurs in poetry as meaning (assumed tropical:) Clear, applied to the cry of an ass. (L.) فَصَاحَةٌ, [an inf. n. of فَصُحَ, q. v.: as denoting a quality of a word, and of language in general, and of a speaker or writer, from the same word as relating to milk, it signifies (tropical:) Chasteness, as meaning freedom from barbarousness: i. e.,] in a word, freedom from an incongruous combination of letters and from strangeness and from contrariety to analogy [not sanctioned by frequency of usage among the Arabs of pure speech; (KT, and Mz in the 9th نوع;) [for] the point upon which it turns is the frequency of the use of a word by the Arabs [of pure speech]; (Mz ibid.;) a word being known to have this quality by its being frequently used by the Arabs in whose Arabic confidence is placed, or by its being used by them more frequently than one synonymous therewith: (El-Kazweenee in the “ Eedáh,” cited in the same نوع of the Mz:) and in language [in general], freedom from weakness of construction (ظَعْفُ التَّأْلِيفِ q. v.) and from incongruity of words, combined with فَصَاحَة in the words themselves: (KT:) and in a speaker [or writer] a faculty whereby one is enabled to express what he desires, with فَصَاحَة in language: (KT:) or goodness and correctness in language, or dialect: (S:) or clearness, perspicuousness, or distinctness, in speech, or language: (K:) and [agreeably with an explanation of فَصِيحٌ in the S and A &c.] it is sometimes used as meaning eloquence; syn. بَلَاغَةٌ [from which it is properly distinct]. (MF.) أَفْصَحُ [More, and most, chaste, as meaning fra from barbarousness; &c.]: in the Kur xxviii. 34, it means more clear or perspicuous or distinct [in tongue] (Jel.) أَفْصَحِيَّةٌ The quality of being more, and most, chaste, as meaning free from barbarousness: &c.]

مُفْصَحٌ [or as a n. of place from أَفْصَحُوا (see 4, last two sentences)] A place where the Christians celebrate the festival called الفِصْحُ [or Easter (A.) [And app. also A place where the Jews celebrate the festival so called by them, i. e. the Passover.]

مُفْصِحٌ: see فِصْحٌ. b2: Also Anything clearly apparent, manifest, or evident. (S.)

فطر

1 فَطَرَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (M, K, TA,) and, accord. to the K, فَطِرَ also, but this latter form requires consideration, for it is related by Sgh, from Fr, in another sense, that of milking a camel, and not unrestrictedly, (TA,) inf. n. فَطْرٌ; (S, M;) and ↓ فطّرهُ, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَفْطِيرٌ; (TA;) [but the latter is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, of the action, or its application to many objects;] He clave, split, slit, rent, or cracked, it. (S, M, K.) b2: Hence, (S,) فَطَرَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. فَطْرٌ (Msb, K) and فُطُورٌ, (K,) It (the tooth called ناب, of a camel,) came forth; (S, K;) it clave the flesh and came forth. (TA.) b3: See also 7.

A2: فَطَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. فَطْرٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He (God, Msb, K) created it, (S, Msb, K,) namely, the creation: (Msb, K:) he caused it to exist, produced it, or brought it into existence, newly, for the first time, it not having existed before; originated it; commenced, or began it; (S, M, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ افتطرهُ, relating to an affair. (TA.) I'Ab says, I did not know what is [the meaning of] السَّمٰوَاتِ ↓ فَاطِرُ [The Originater, or Creator, of the heavens] until two Arabs of the desert came to me, disputing together respecting a well, and one of them said أَنَا فَطَرْتُهَا, meaning, I originated, or began, it. (S.) فُطِرَ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ: see طُبِعَ. [The explanation there given is confirmed by explanations of فِطْرَةٌ.]

A3: فَطَرَ العَجِينَ, (Lth, S, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. فَطْرٌ; (S;) and ↓ فطرّهُ; (Ks, TA;) He made the dough into bread, or baked it, without leavening it, or leaving it until it should become good [or mature]; (K;) he kneaded the dough and made it into bread, or baked it, immediately; (Lth;) he hurried the dough, or prepared it hastily, so as to prevent its becoming mature. (S.) You say فَطَرَت الْمَرْأَةُ

↓ العَجِينَ حَتَّى اسْتَبَانَ فِيهِ الفَطْرُ [The woman hurried the dough, or prepared it hastily, so that immaturity, or want of leaven, was manifest in it]. (S.) b2: And in like manner, فَطَرَ الطِّينَ He prepared, or kneaded, the clay, or mud, [without leaving it until it should become mature,] and plastered with it immediately. (Lth, TA.) b3: And فَطَرَ الجِلْدَ, (IAar, K,) inf. n. فَطْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ افطرهُ; (K;) He did not saturate the skin with the tanning liquid: (IAar, K:) or he did not put it therein. (A.) A4: And فَطَرَ, (Fr, O, K,) aor. ـُ and فَطِرَ, (Fr, O, K, * TA,) inf. n. فَطْرٌ, (Fr, S, O, K,) He milked a she-camel, (Fr, S, O, K,) and a ewe or goat, (TA,) with the fore finger and the thumb: (Fr, S, O, K, TA:) or with the ends of the fingers: (K, TA:) or, as one does in indicating the number thirty, i. e., with the two thumbs and the two fore fingers: [but this is app. a mistake for what next follows:] (L, TA:) or, accord. to IAth, with two fingers [and] with the end of the thumb. (TA. See also ضَبَّ النَّاقَةَ.) b2: And [hence, app.,] فَطَرَ أَصَابِعَهُ He pressed, or squeezed, his fingers. (TA.) And He struck his (another's) fingers so that they burst forth with blood (اِنْفَطَرَتْ دَمًا). (TA.) A5: See also 2: b2: and 4, first sentence.2 فطّرهُ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: Also, (inf. n. تَفْطِيرٌ, S,) He made him to break his fast; or to eat and drink; (S, * Mgh, * K;) as also ↓ افطرهُ, and ↓ فَطَرَهُ: (K:) he gave him breakfast: he, or it, (namely, the action termed إِسْتِمْنَآءٌ, and a clyster, [&c.,] Msb,) broke, or vitiated, his fast. (Msb.) And you say also هٰذَا كَلَامٌ يُفْطِرُ الصَّوْمَ, [and, more commonly, يُفَطِّرُهُ,] This is speech which breaks, or vitiates, the fast. (TA.) A3: فطّر العَجِينَ: see 1.4 افطر He broke his fast; (S, * Mgh; *) he breakfasted; he ate and drank after fasting; (Msb, * K;) as also ↓ فَطَرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. فُطُورٌ: (Msb, TA:) his fast became vitiated. (Msb.) افطر as quasi-pass. of فَطَّرْتُهُ is extr., (Sb,) like أَبْشَرَ as quasi-pass. of بَشَّرْتُهُ. (Sb, Mgh.) Yousay افطر عَلَى تَمْرٍ [He breakfasted upon dates, or dried dates;] he made dates, or dried dates, his breakfast, after sunset [in Ramadán]. (Msb.) In the saying صُومُوا لِرُؤْيَتِهِ وَأَفْطِرُوا لِرُوْيَتِهِ [Fast ye after the sight of it, namely, the new moon commencing Ramadán, and break ye your fast after the sight of it, namely, the new moon commencing Showwál], the ل is in the sense of بَعْد, i. e., بَعْدَ رُؤْيَتِهِ. (Msb.) b2: It was time for him to break his fast: (K:) he entered upon the time of breaking his fast; (Mgh, Msb, K;) like أَصْبَحَ and أَمْسَى as meaning “ he entered upon the time of morning ” and “ upon the time of evening: ” (Mgh, * Msb:) or he became in the predicament of those who break their fast, and so though he neither ate nor drank: whence the trad., أَفْطَرَ الحَاجِمُ وَالْمَحْجُومُ The cupper and the cupped place themselves in the predicament of those who break their fast: or it is time for the cupper and the cupped to break their fast: or it is used after the manner of a harsh expression, and an imprecation against them. (IAth.) A2: افطرهُ: see 2.

A3: افطر الجِلْدَ: see 1.5 تَفَطَّرَ see the next paragraph, in six places.7 انفطر, and ↓ تفطّر, (S, M, K,) and ↓ فَطَرَ, (M,) [but the second is with teshdeed as quasi-pass. of 2, to denote muchness, or frequency, or repetition, or application to many subjects of the action, as is indicated in the S by its being expl. by تَشَقَّقَ,] It became cleft, split, slit, rent, or cracked. (S, M, K.) إِذَا السَّمَآءُ انْفَطَرَتْ [in the Kur lxxxii. 1] means When the heaven shall become cleft. (Bd, TA.) And مِنْهُ ↓ تَكَادُ السَّمٰوَاتُ يَتَفَطَّرْنَ [in the Kur xix. 92] The heavens are near to becoming repeatedly rent in consequence thereof. (Bd.) and قَدَمَاهُ ↓ تَفَطَّرَتْ His feet became cracked: [or much cracked.] (TA, from a trad.) And ↓ تَفَطَّرَتِ الأَرْضُ بِالنَّبَاتِ The earth became cracked [in many places by the plants coming forth]. (TA.) and الشَّجَرُ بِوَرَقٍ ↓ تَفَطَّرَ [The trees broke forth with leaves; as also انفطر, often occurring in this sense; see Har p. 58; and see فِطْرٌ]. (S and K, voce رَاحَ; &c.) And قَدَمَاهُ دَمًا ↓ تَفَطَّرَتْ [and انفطرت (see 1, last sentence but one,)] His feet [burst forth or] flowed with blood. (TA.) b2: And انفطر الصُّبْحُ (assumed tropical:) The dawn broke. (TA in art. صدع.) 8 إِفْتَطَرَ see 1. And see also 8 in art. شرع.

فَطْرٌ [as an inf. n.: see 1: b2: as a subst.,] A cleft, split, slit, rent, or crack: (K:) or, accord. to some, a first cleft &c.: (MF:) pl. فُطُورٌ: (K:) occurring in the saying هَلْ تَرَى مِنْ فُطُورٍ [Dost thou see any clefts?], in the Kur [lxvii. 3]. (TA.) A2: 'Omar, being asked respecting [the discharge termed] المَذْى, answered, It is الفَطْرُ: (O, K:) thus as related by A 'Obeyd: (TA:) it is said that he likened it, in respect of its paucity, to what is drawn from the udder by means of the milking termed الفَطْرُ: (O, K:) or, as some say, it is from تَفَطَّرَتْ قَدَمَاهُ دَمًا [expl. above]: (TA:) or he likened its coming forth from the orifice of the ذَكَر to the coming forth of the نَاب of the camel: or, as it is related by En-Nadr, he said ↓ الفُطْرُ, with damm: meaning the milk that appears upon the orifice of the teat of the udder. (O, K.) فُطْرٌ Such as has broken forth [with buds or leaves] (مَا تَفَطَّرَ), of plants. (TA.) See also فِطْرٌ. b2: And, (S, K,) as also ↓ فُطُرٌ, (K,) the latter used in poetry, (TA,) [The toadstool;] a species of كَمْأَة [or fungus], (S, K,) white and large, (S,) and deadly: (K:) [so called] because the ground cleaves asunder from it: (TA:) n. un. فُطْرَةٌ. (S.) [Also applied in the present day to The common mushroom; agariens campestris. And Any fungus.]

A2: [Also, the former, Immaturity, or want of leaven, in dough:] see the explanation of فَطَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ العَجِينَ.

A3: And فُطْرٌ and ↓ فُطُرٌ signify also Somewhat of that which remains of milk [in the udder], which is then milked: (L, K:) or a small quantity of milk when it is milked: (TA:) or milk at the time when it is milked. (AA, TA.) See also فَطْرٌ, last sentence.

فِطْرٌ Grapes when the heads thereof appear; (K, TA;) [so called] because the [fruit-] stalks [then] break forth (تَنْفَطِرُ); (TA;) as also ↓ فُطْرٌ. (K, TA.) A2: Also a subst. from أَفْطَرَ; (S;) [as such] it signifies The breaking of a fast; contr. of صَوْمٌ. (TA.) [Hence, عِيدُ الفِطْرِ The festival of the breaking of the fast, immediately after Rama-dán; sometimes called الفِطْرُ alone.] ↓ الفِطْرَةُ means صَدَقَةُ الفِطْرِ [The alms of the breaking of the fast], (O, K, TA,) which is a صَاع [q. v.] of wheat: the prefixed noun (صدقه) is rejected, and ة is affixed to its complement (الفطر) to indicate that such has been done: but it is a word used by the lawyers; not of the classical language. (TA.) A3: See also مُفْطِرٌ.

فُطُرٌ: see فُطْرٌ, in two places.

فِطْرَةٌ Creation: (Msb:) the causing a thing to exist, producing it, or bringing it into existence, newly, for the first time; originating it. (TA.) b2: The natural constitution with which a child is created in his mother's womb; (AHeyth, K;) i. q. خِلْقَةٌ. (S, Mgh.) It is said to have this signification in the Kur xxx. 29. (TA.) And so in the saying of Mohammad, كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ يُولَدُ عَلَى

الفِطْرَةِ Every infant is born in a state of conformity to the natural constitution with which he is created in his mother's womb, either prosperous or unprosperous [in relation to the soul]; and if his parents are Jews, they make him a Jew, with respect to his worldly predicament; [i. e., with respect to inheritances &c.;] and if Christians, they make him a Christian, with respect to that predicament; and if Magians, they make him a Magian, with respect to that predicament; his predicament is the same as that of his parents until his tongue speaks for him: but if he die before his attaining to the age when virility begins to show itself, he dies in a state of conformity to his preceding natural constitution, with which he was created in his mother's womb. (AHeyth, TA.) [See another explanation of the word, as occurring in this trad., below.] b3: Nature; constitution; or natural, native, innate, or original, disposition, or temper or other quality or property; idiosyncrasy. (Th, TA.) b4: The faculty of knowing God, with which He has created mankind: (TA:) the natural constitution with which a child is created in his mother's womb, whereby he is capable of accepting the religion of truth: this is a secondary application: and this is [said to be] the signification meant in the trad. mentioned above. (Mgh.) b5: Hence, The religion of el-Islám: (Mgh:) the profession whereby a man becomes a Muslim, which is the declaration that there is no deity but God, and that Mohammad is his servant and his apostle, who brought the truth from Him, and this is (AHeyth, TA) religion. (AHeyth, K, TA.) This is shown by a trad., in which it is related that Mohammad taught a man to repeat certain words when lying down to sleep, and said فَإِنَّكَ إِنْ مُتَّ مِنْ لَيْلَتِكَ مُتَّ عَلَى الفِطْرَةِ [And then, if thou die that same night, thou diest in the profession of the true religion]. (AHeyth, TA.) Also by the saying, قَصُّ الأَظْفَارِ مِنَ الفِطْرَةِ The paring of the nails is [a point] of the religion of el-Islám. (Mgh.) b6: Also i. q. سُنَّةٌ [app. meaning The way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, or the like, pursued, and prescribed to be followed, by Mohammad]. (TA.) b7: In the Kur xxx. 29, accord. to some, The covenant received, or accepted, from Adam and his posterity. (Bd.) b8: The pl. is فِطَرَاتٌ and فِطْرَاتٌ and فِطِرَاتٌ. (TA.) A2: See also فِطْرٌ.

الإِيمَانُ الفِطْرِىُّ [The faith to which one is disposed by the natural constitution with which he is created]. (Msb.) فُطَارٌ A sword having in it cracks; (S, Z, O, K;) and (K) that will not cut: (IAar, O, K:) or recently made. (TA.) فَطُورٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ فَطُورِىٌّ, (S, K,) as though the latter were a rel. n. from the former, (S,) A breakfast; a thing [i. e. food or beverage] upon which one breaks his fast. (S, Msb, K.) فَطِيرٌ Dough unleavened; or not left until it has become good [or mature]; contr. of خَمِيرٌ: (S, TA:) and in like manner clay, or mud. (TA.) [Hence,] عِيدُ الفَطِيرِ [The feast of unleavened bread; also called, of the Passover;] a festival of the Jews, [commencing] on the fifteenth day of their month نِيسَان, and lasting seven days. (Msb. [See also الفِصْحُ.]) b2: Anything prepared, made, or done, hastily, or hurried, so as to prevent its becoming mature: (Lth, S, K:) fresh; recent; newly made: (S, TA:) pl. فَطْرَى: (Sgh, IAth, TA:) for أَطْعَمَهُ فَطْرَى, in the K, expl. as meaning [He fed him] with فَطِير, is a gross mistake, a mistranscription of أَطْعِمَةٌ فَطْرَى, as the phrase stands in the handwriting of Sgh himself, in wellformed letters, and with the syll. signs, meaning meats [newly prepared, &c.]. (TA.) You say عِنْدِى خُبْزٌ خَمِيرٌ وَحَيْسٌ فَطِيرٌ [I have leavened bread, and] fresh, recent, or newly made, حيس [q. v.]. (S, TA.) You say also إِيَّاكَ وَالرَّأْىَ الفَطِيرُ (tropical:) Beware thou of a hastily formed, immature, opinion. (S.) And شَرُّ الرَّأْىِ الفَطِيرُ (tropical:) [The worst opinion is the hastily formed, and immature]. (TA.) b3: A skin not saturated with the tanning liquid: or not put therein: (TA:) a whip not tanned: not softly tanned: (TA:) or not newly tanned. (L.) A2: Also A calamity; syn. دَاهِيَةٌ. (O, K, TA.) فَطُورَةٌ: see what next follows.

فَطِيرَةٌ and ↓ فَطُورَةٌ A sheep, or goat, that is slaughtered on the day of [the festival of] the فِطْر: (K, TA:) mentioned by Sgh, and in the B. (TA.) فُطَارِىٌّ A man possessing neither good nor evil; (IAar, O, K, * TA;) such as is termed فَدْم [impotent in speech or actions, heavy, or dull; &c.]: (TA:) from فُطَارٌ applied to a sword, meaning that will not cut. (IAar, O, TA. *) فَطُورِىٌّ: see فَطُورٌ.

فَاطِرٌ A camel whose نَاب [or tush] is coming forth, (S,) or cleaving the flesh and coming forth. (TA.) A2: فَاطِرُ السَّمٰوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ [in the Kur xlii.

9, &c.,] means The Originater [or Creator] of the heavens and of the earth. (I'Ab, S, * TA.) See 1.

فُوطِيرٌ a subst. for الجِمَاع, in Syriac. (TA.) أُفْطُورٌ, and the pl. أَفَاطِيرُ: see the next paragraph.

تَفَاطِيرُ, a word similar to تَعَاشِيبُ and تَعَاجِيبُ and تَبَاشِيرُ [q. v.], none of which four words has a sing., Pimples that come forth in the face of a boy or young man, and of a girl or young woman; as also ↓ نَفَاطِيرُ: thus correctly, with ت and ن: the author of the K, following Sgh [in the O], says that ↓ أَفَاطِيرُ is the pl. of ↓ أُفْطُورٌ, and signifies a cracking, or chapping, in the nose of a young man, and in his face. (TA.) b2: Also, thus correctly, with ت, The first of [the herbage of the rain called] the وَسْمِىّ [q. v.]; and in this sense also it has no sing.: but it is said in the K that ↓ نَفَاطِيرُ is pl. of ↓ نُفْطُورَةٌ, with ن; [in the O, that it is pl. of ↓ نُفْطُورٌ;] and [in both] that it signifies scattered herbage; (TA;) and Lh says, as is stated by AHn, that مِنْ عُشْبٍ ↓ نَفَاطِيرُ means small quantities of herbage in land: (O, TA:) it is also added in the K, in explanation of ↓ نَفَاطِيرُ, or it signifies the first herbage of [the rain called] the وَسْمِىّ: (TA:) [and it is said that] تَفَاطِيرُ نَبَاتٍ signifies what break forth of, or from, plants, or herbage. (TA voce تَبَاشِيرُ.) مُفْطِرٌ A man breaking his fast; eating and drinking after fasting: (S, * Msb, * K, TA:) pl. مَفَاطِيرُ, (Sb, S, Msb, K,) like as مَيَاسِيرُ is pl. of مُوسِرٌ, (S,) and مَفَالِيسُ of مُفْلِسٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ فِطْرٌ signifies the same, as sing. and pl., (S, Msb, K,) being originally an inf. n. (S, Msb.) مُنْفَطِرٌ is used in the Kur [lxxiii. 18], in the phrase السَّمَآءُ مُنْفَطِرٌ بِهِ [The heaven shall be with rents by reason of it], in the manner of a possessive noun, [not as an act. part. n.,] like مُعْضِلٌ in the phrase دَجَاجَةٌ مُعْضِلٌ. (TA.) نُفْطُورٌ and نُفْطُورَةٌ, and the pl. نَفَاطِيرُ: see تفاطير, in six places.

فشل

1 فَشِلَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (O, Msb, K,) inf. n. فَشَلٌ; (S, O, Msb;) a verb of which exs. occur in the Kur iii. 118 and viii. 48; and فَشَلَ, aor. ـُ and فَشَلَ, aor. ـِ two dial. vars., the former of these agreeable with a reading of the latter verse of the Kur-án, and the latter agreeable with a reading of the same verse by El-Hasan El-Basree; (O;) He was, or became, cowardly, (S, O, Msb, K,) and weak, (O, K,) or weak-hearted, (Msb,) and flagging, remiss, or languid, (K,) and timorous. (TA.) A2: فَشَلَتْ, and فَشَلَتْ مِفْشَلَهَا, (O,) or فَشَلَتْ فِشْلَهَا, (K, * TA, [in the CK ↓ فَشَّلَتْهُ, the pronoun relating to الفِشْل,]) inf. n. فَشْلٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اِفْتَشَلَتْهُ, (O, K, * TA,) thus accord. to the M as well as the O, (TA,) i. e. مِفْشَلَهَا, (O,) or فِشْلَهَا; (TA;) [in the K اِفْتَشَلَتْ alone, i. e. without any complement, as though it were intrans.; or ↓ افشلت, which is said in the TA to be the reading in the copies of the K, but which I have not found in any;] and ↓ تفشّلت [mentioned without any complement, as though intrans.]; (K, TA;) said of a woman, (O, K, TA,) in relation to the فِشْل, (K,) which is also called مِفْشَل, (IAar, O,) meaning She hung a ثَوْب [or piece of cloth] (thus in the O, in the TA her ثوب,) upon the [camel-vehicle called] هَوْدَج, then put it [or drew it, or the main part thereof,] within it, and bound its extremities to the قَوَاعِد [or four pieces of wood that form a square frame upon which it is fixed (see its sing.

قَاعِدَةٌ)]; this being [beneath her (see فِشْلٌ) so as to be to her] a preservative from the heads of the [curved pieces of wood called] أَحْنَآء [pl. of حِنْوٌ q. v.] and the [apparatus called] أَقْتَاب [pl. of قِتْبٌ q. v.] and the knots of the cord called عُصْم [pl. of عِصَامٌ q. v.]: (O, TA:) so says ISh. (TA.) 2 فَشَّلَand 4: see the preceding paragraph.5 تفشّل, said of water, It flowed. (S, O, K.) A2: And He took a wife (ISh, O, K) مِنْهُمْ [from among them, probably meaning persons not of his own kindred: see مِفْشَلٌ]. (ISh, O.) A3: See also 1.8 إِفْتَشَلَ see 1, latter sentence.

فَشْلٌ Weak; (S, O, K;) or weak-hearted; (Msb;) cowardly; (S, Msb, K;) flagging, remiss, or languid; (K;) and accord. to the K, ↓ فَشِلٌ signifies the same, and one says, رَجُلٌ خَشْلٌ فَشْلٌ and ↓ خَشِلٌ فَشِلٌ; but [SM says that] this is a mistake, and [incorrectly] taken from a passage of the M, in which it is stated that one says رَجُلٌ خَشْلٌ فَشْلٌ and خَسْل فَسْلٌ; i. e., with ش in both and with س in both; not that it is with fet-h in both and like كَتِفٌ: (TA:) [I find, however, ↓ خَشِلٌ فَشِلٌ mentioned in art. خشل in the K, and also, as from Ibn-'Abbád, in the same art. in the O; and as ↓ فَشِلٌ is agreeable with a general rule as part. n. of فَشِلَ, I think it probably correct;] the pl. is أَفْشَالٌ, (S,) or فُشْلٌ, (K,) or both. (TA.) In the following verse, occurring in a trad. respecting the prayer for rain, (O, TA,) uttered to the Prophet by an Arab of the desert, (O,) وَلَا شَىْءَ مِمَّا يَأْكُلُ النَّاسُ عِنْدَنَا سِوَى الحَنْظَلِ العَامِىِّ وَالعِلْهِزِ الفَشْلِ by العِلْهِزِ الفَشْلِ is meant العِلْهِزِ الفَشْلِ آكِلُهُ وَمُدَّخِرُهُ, i. e. الضَّعِيفِ; (O, TA; *) the phrase being like الشَّجَرَةَ المَلْعُونَةَ in the Kur [xvii. 62], i. e., آكِلُوهَا: [so that the verse means, And there is nothing, of what men eat, in our possession, save the colocynth that is a year old, and therefore dry, or that has been laid up for the year of drought or barrenness, and the food made of blood and the fur of camels, the eater, and the storer, whereof is weak]: (O, TA:) but it is also related with س, [i. e. الفَسْلِ,] and thus does not need any paraphrastic interpretation. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

فِشْلٌ (O, K,) or ↓ فَشْلٌ, (S,) [but said to be] with kesr, (O, K,) A certain thing (S, K) of the apparatus of the [women's camel-vehicle called]

هَوْدَج, (S,) which the woman puts beneath her in the هودج: (K:) or the curtain (سِتْر) of the هودج; as also ↓ مِفْشَلٌ. (IAar, O, K.) [See a description thereof in the latter sentence of the first paragraph.]

فَشِلٌ: see فَشْلٌ, in four places.

فَيْشِلٌ: see the paragraph here following.

الفَيْشَلَةُ The حَشَفَة; (K;) [i. e.] the head [or glans] of the penis: (S, O:) and the head of any مُحَوَّق [or penis having a large glans]: (CK: in the text of the K as given in the TA, مُجَوَّف: [and thus in my MS. copy of the K; but it has been there altered, app. to agree with the TA, as have many other words in that copy; and the former reading is evidently, I think, the right:] some say that its ل is augmentative, like the ل in عَبْدَلٌ and in [the proper name] زَيْدَلٌ: but it may be from some other word than فَيْشَةٌ, though this has nearly the same meaning, [or, as is said in the TA in art. فيش, both have the same meaning,] and, if so, the ى may be augmentative, which is more agreeable with analogy: (TA:) the pl. is فَيَاشِلُ, (K,) and ↓ فَيْشَلٌ is another pl. [or rather a coll. gen. n.] thereof, used as such in a verse of Jereer. (TA.) b2: [The pl.] فَيَاشِلُ signifies also a name of Certain trees. (K.) b3: [Freytag adds as other meanings what belong to a description of the proper name of a certain water and of hills surrounding it, called الفَيَاشِلُ.]

تَفْشِيلٌ Milk remaining in the udder: (Fr, O, K:) and so تَمْشِيلٌ. (Fr, O.) مِفْشَلٌ: see فِشْلٌ.

A2: Also One who takes a wife from among persons not of his own kindred, lest the offspring should come forth spare in body, or weak. (IAar, O, K, TA.) مِفْشَلَةٌ The كيارجة [i. e. كَيَارِجَة], (ISh, TA,) which is an arabicized word from the Pers\. كراجه, in Turkish قورسق [also written قُورْصَق, i. e. the gizzard, or the crop, of a bird]. (TK voce مِشْفَلَةٌ [which is said in the K to signify thus, and also the stomach of a ruminant animal: one of the two words thus expl. may be a mistranscription for the other].)

لمس

1 لَمَسَهُ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and لَمِسَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. لَمْسٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He felt it; or touched it; syn. مَسَّهُ: (IAar, Az, IDrd, El-Fárábee, A, Msb, TA:) or he felt it, or touched it, (مَسَّهُ,) with his hand: (S, Msb, K:) or he put his hand to it: (Msb:) or he felt it with his hand for the purpose of testing it, that he might form a judgment of it; syn. جَسَّهُ: (M, TA:) and ↓ لَامَسَهُ is syn. with لَمَسَهُ, (M, TA,) or مَاسَّهُ: (A:) لَمْسٌ and مَسٌّ both signify the perceiving by means of the exterior of the external skin: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or they are nearly alike: (TA:) [generally, like the English words feeling and touching, respectively:] or the former is, originally, [the feeling] with the hand for the purpose of knowing the feel (مَسّ) of a thing: (IDrd, Msb:) or, with the hand, it is the seeking for [or feeling for] a thing here and there: (Lth, TA:) مُلَامَسَةٌ is the same as مُمَاسَّةٌ (K, TA) with the hand; as also لَمْسٌ: (TA:) or a distinction is to be made between them; for it is said that لَمْسٌ is sometimes the feeling, or touching a thing with a thing; and is sometimes [for] the knowledge of a thing, though there be no touching (مَسّ) of substance upon substance; whereas ملامسة is mostly mutual feeling or touching, &c., being] the act of two. (IAar in TA.) b2: [Hence,] لَمَسَهَا, (M, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M) [and لَمِسَ, as implied in the K], inf. n. لَمْسٌ, (S, M,) (tropical:) Inivit eam; (I'Ab, S, M, A, Msb, K;) scil. mulierem; (A, Msb;) puellam; (K;) as also ↓ لَامَسَهَا, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. مُلَامَسَةٌ (I'Ab, S, Msb, K) and لِمَاسٌ: (I'Ab, Msb:) and (assumed tropical:) he kissed her; by doing which, as well as by the former, one renders necessary the performance of the ablution termed وضوء. ('Abd-Allah Ibn-'Amr, Ibn-Mes'ood.) b3: [Hence also,] لَمَسَهُ, aor. ـُ [and لَمِسَ], (A, TA,) inf. n. لَمْسٌ, (IDrd, Msb, TA,) (tropical:) He sought, [as though by feeling,] or sought for or after, it, namely, a thing, (IDrd, Msb, TA,) in any manner; (IDrd, Msb;) [as, for instance, by asking, or demanding;] as also ↓ التمسهُ, (S, M, A, * K, TA,) [which is more common,] and ↓ تلمّسهُ: (M, TA:) or this last signifies he sought it, or sought for or after it, repeatedly, or time after time. (S, K, TA.) You say, أُلْمُسْ لِى فُلَانًا (A, TA) (tropical:) Seek thou for me such a one. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxii. 8,] relating the words of the jinn, or genii, إِنَّا لَمَسْنَا السَّمَآءَ, (K, * TA, *) (tropical:) Verily we sought to reach heaven: or to learn the news thereof: (Bd:) or to hear by stealth what was said therein: (Jel:) or we laboured, or strove, after (عَالَجْنَا) the secrets of heaven, and sought to hear them by stealth. (K.) And in a trad., بِهِ عِلْمًا ↓ مَنْ سَلَكَ طَرِيقًا يَلْتَمِسُ (tropical:) Whoso pursueth a way whereby he seeketh after knowledge, or science. (TA.) And in another, of 'Áïsheh, عِقْدِى ↓ فَالْتَمَسْتُ (tropical:) And I sought for my necklace. (TA.) b4: لَمَسَ البَصَرَ, aor. ـُ (tropical:) It took away the sight. (A, TA.) And the same, or, accord. to one relation of a trad., ↓ التمسهُ, (assumed tropical:) It took away quickly, and destroyed, the sight; said there of certain serpents: or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) it aimed at the eye with its bite: and لَمَسَ عَيْنَهُ is said to signify [(assumed tropical:) he, or it, put out his eye,] the same as سَمَلَ. (TA.) 3 لامسهُ, inf. n. مُلَامَسَةٌ and لِمَاسٌ: for its proper signification, see 1, in three places. [Hence,] بَيْعُ المُلَامَسَةِ, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb,) and بَيْعُ اللِّمَاسِ, (Mgh,) or المُلَامَسَةُ فِى البَيْعِ, (K,) A mode of bargaining, which consists in saying, When thou feelest, or touchest, my garment, or I feel, or touch, thy garment, (A, K,) or when, (Mgh,) or if, (Msb,) I feel, or touch, thy garment, and thou feelest, or touchest, my garment, (Mgh, Msb,) or when I feel, or touch, the thing to be sold, (S,) the sale is binding, or settled, or concluded, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) between us, (S, Msb,) for such a sum: (S, Msb, K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh, in thy saying, I will sell to thee this commodity for such a sum, and when I feel, or touch, thee, the sale is binding, or settled, or concluded; or in the purchaser's saying the like: (Mgh:) or, (M, Mgh, K,) as in the Sunan of Aboo-Dáwood, (Mgh,) in purchasing a commodity on the condition of feeling it (M, Mgh, * K, *) behind a garment or piece of cloth, (K,) without seeing it, (M, K,) or spreading it out and turning it over and examining it: (Mgh:) or on the condition that the feeling it with the hand shall cut one off from the choice of returning it: (TA:) the mode of bargaining thus termed is forbidden. (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb.) b2: For a tropical signification of the verb, see 1.4 أَلْمِسْنِى الجَارِيَةَ Permit thou me to feel, or touch, the girl. (A, TA.) b2: أَلْمِسْنِى امْرَأَْةً (tropical:) Marry thou to me a woman. (A, TA.) 5 تَلَمَّسَ see 1, in two places.8 إِلْتَمَسَ see 1, in four places.

لَمُوسٌ A she-camel of whose fatness one doubts; (O, TS, K;) on the authority of Ibn-'Abbád; (TA;) i. q. شَكُوكٌ and ضَبُوثٌ: (A, TA:) or of whose hump one doubts, whether there be in her fat or not; wherefore it is felt: (M, L:) pl. لُمُسٌ. (M, K.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) One whose origin, or lineage, is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: (K:) or in whose grounds of pretention to respect is a fault, or taint. (A, K.) لَمِيسٌ A woman soft to the feel, or touch; لَيِّنَةُ المَلْمَسِ. (K.) لَمَاسَةٌ, (M,) لُمَاسَةٌ, (S,) or both, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A want: (IAar, Sgh:) or a moderate, or middling, want. (S, M, O, L.) لَمُوسَةٌ A road, or way: so called because he who has lost his way seeks it in order to find the track of the travellers. (K, * TA.) لَامِسٌ act. part. n. of 1. (Msb, &c.) One says, of a woman who commits adultery, or fornication, or acts viciously, فَلَانَةُ لَا تَرُدُّ يَدَ لَامِسٍ, (A, TA,) or لَا تَمْنَعُ يَدَ لَامِسٍ, (K,) but the latter is at variance with the written authorities, the former being the phrase commonly known, (TA,) [properly signifying, Such a woman does not repel the hand of a feeler;] meaning, (tropical:) such a woman commits adultery, or fornication, and acts viciously, (K, TA,) not repelling from herself any one who desires of her that he may lie with her; (TA;) and she is suspected of easiness, or compliance, (K, TA,) towards him who desires of her that he may lie with her: (TA:) or the meaning is, such a woman gives, of her husband's property, what is sought, or demanded, from her; and this is more probably meant in a trad. in which a man is related to have said thus of his wife; because Mohammad directed him to retain her, and did not require him to divorce her. (TA.) The like said of a man, (K,) فُلَانٌ لَا يَرُدُّ يَدَ لَامِسٍ, (A, Msb,) means, (tropical:) Such a man has in him no force of resistance, (A, Msb, K,) nor care of what is sacred, or inviolable. (TA.) مَلْمَسٌ [A place that is felt, or touched: and it may also be an inf. n.: see لَمِيسٌ]. (K.) إِكَافٌ مَلْمُوسُ الأَحْنَآءِ (tropical:) An ass's saddle, or pad, of which the curved pieces of wood have been felt with the hands until they have become even: (M:) or of which any unevenness and prominence that was therein has been pared off (Lth, T, A, K) by the passing of the hand over it, (Lth, T,) or of the hands. (A.)