هجر

1 هَجَرَهُ, (S, A, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and هِجْرَانٌ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) He cut him off from friendly or loving, communion or intercourse; contr. of وَصَلَهُ: (S, Mgh:) he forsook, or abandoned, him; syn. قَطَعَهُ: (Msb, TA:) he cut him; meaning, he ceased to speak to him, or to associate with him; syn. صَرَمَهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) and قَطَعَ كَلَامَهُ. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur, [iv. 38,] وَاهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى المَضَاجِعٍ, i. e., [And cut ye them off from loving intercourse] in the sleeping-places, in order to obtain their obedience. (Msb.) See also 3. b2: He left it; forsook it; relinquished it; abandoned it; deserted it; quitted it: abstained from it: neglected it: shunned or avoided it; was averse from it: syn. تَرَكَهُ; (A, Msb, K, TA;) and رَفَضَهُ; (Msb;) and فَارَقَهُ: (B:) and أَغْفَلَهُ: and أَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ: (TA:) namely, a thing to which it was necessary for him to pay frequent attention: (Lth, TA:) as also ↓ أَهْجَرَهُ; (K;) which latter is of the dial. of Hudheyl: (TA:) and هُجِرَ he, or it, was left; &c. (IKtt.) هِجْرَانٌ may be with the body and with the tongue and with the heart or mind: it is with the first in the passage of the Kur cited above: it may be with any of the three in the Kur, [lxxiii. 10,] where it is said, وَاهْجُرْهُمْ هَجْرًا جَمِيلًا [And avoid thou them, i. e., avoid the associating with them in person, or speaking to them, or entertaining friendship for them in thy heart, with an avoiding of a becoming kind]: and it is with all the three in the following ex. in the Kur, [lxxiv. 5,] وَالرِّجْزَ فَاهْجُرْ [And idolatry avoid thou]. (B.) You say also, هَجَرَ الشِّرْكَ, inf. n. هَجْرٌ and هِجْرَانٌ, [He abstained from, or avoided, polytheism, or the associating of others with God,] هِجْرَةً حَسَنَةً [with a good manner of abstaining, or avoiding]. (Lh, K.) And it is said in a trad., وَلَا يَسْمَعُونَ القُرْآنَ إِلَّا هَجْرًا, meaning, [And they hear not the Kur-án save] with neglect of it, and aversion from it: the reading الّا هُجْرًا, mentioned by IKt, and his explanation of it, save with foul speech, are both said by El-Khattábee to be erroneous. (TA.) b3: هَجَرَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He (a man) went, removed, retired, or withdrew himself, to a distance, far away, or far off. (TA.) b4: هَجَرَ فِى الصَّوْمِ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. هِجْرَانٌ, (TA,) He abstained from sexual intercourse in fasting. (K.) A2: هَجَرَ, (Lth, Fr, S, A, K, &c.,) or هَجَرَ فِى كَلَامِهِ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (Lth, Fr, S, &c.,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ, (Lth, S, A, Mgh, Msb,) with fet-h, (Mgh,) or هُجْرٌ, with damm, (K,) and هِجِّيرَى, (A, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Lth,) and إِهْجِيرَى, (K,) [or this and that which immediately precedes it are intensive inf. ns.,] He (a sick man, Lth, S, Msb, K, or one having the disease termed بِرْسَام, A'Obeyd, A, or having a fever, A'Obeyd, and one sleeping. Fr, K) talked nonsense; talked irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, (Lth, Fr, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and confusedly: (Msb:) or هِجِّيرَى signifies the talking much, and saying what is evil. (Sb.) In the Kur, [xxiii. 69,] instead of تَهْجُرُونَ, in the phrase سَامِرًا تَهْجُرُونَ, [Holding discourse by night, talking irrationally or foolishly,] I'Ab reads تُهْجِرُونَ from ↓ أَهْجَرَ, [q. v.,] from الهُجْرُ. (TA.) b2: See also 4. b3: هَجَرَ بِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَجْرٌ, He dreamed of him or it; or saw him or it in sleep: or he did so and talked foolishly or deliriously. (TA.) 2 هجّر, (Lth, A, K, &c.,) inf. n. تَهْجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He journeyed in the time called the هَاجِرَة; (Lth, S, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ تهجّر; (IAar, S, A, K;) and ↓ اهجر: (K:) or he went forth in that time: (Az, TA:) or he was (صَارَ) in that time: (Msb: [but in my copy of that work, صار is perhaps a mistake for سَارَ:]) or ↓ اهجر has this last signification; (Lth, TA;) or signifies he entered upon that time; like اظهر (A.) b2: It (the day) attained to the time called he هَاجِرَة. (S, TA.) 3 هاجرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ; (B;) and ↓ اهتجرهُ; (A;) He cut him off from friendly, or loving, communion or intercourse, being so cut off by him; or he cut him, or ceased to speak to him, being in like manner cut by him: and he forsook, or abandoned, him, being forsaken, or abandoned, by him: (A, * B:) this is the primary signification of the former. (B.) b2: هاجر, (T, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُهَاجَرَةٌ (T, S, A, Msb) and هِجْرَةٌ, (A,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Mgh, Msb,) He (an inhabitant of the desert) went forth from his desert to the cities or towns: this is the primary acceptation, with the Arabs, of the verb [when intrans.]: also, he (any one) left his place of abode, emigrating to another people: (Az:) he departed, or went forth, from one land to another, (S, K,) or from one country, or district, or town, to another: (Msb:) and, as used in the Kur, ii. 215, [and in many other instances in the same and other books,] he went forth [or emigrated] from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers [or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution, &c.] (B.) See an ex. voce تَهَجَّرَ; and see هِجْرَةٌ.4 اهجرهُ: see هَجَرَهُ.

A2: اهجر فِى مَنْطِقِهِ, (S, * Mgh, Msb, K,) or simply اهجر, (A,) inf. n. إِهْجَارٌ (S, K) and هُجْرٌ, (Lh, Kr, K,) or the latter is, correctly speaking, a simple subst., (TA,) He spoke, or uttered, foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language: (S, A, Mgh, K:) or he did so much; beyond what he used to do before; as also ↓ هَجَرَ, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. هَجْرٌ: (L, TA:) and in like manner, he talked much of that which was not fit, suitable, meet, or proper. (S.) b2: اهجر بِهِ He mocked, or scoffed, or laughed at him, derided him, or ridiculed him, and said respecting him what was foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly. (Msb, K.) A3: See also 2, in two places.5 تهجّر He affected to be like the مُهَاجِرُون [or emigrants from the territory of the unbelievers to that of the believers]. (A'Obeyd, S, A, K.) Hence the trad., وَلَا تَهَجَّرُوا ↓ هَاجِرُوا, (A'Obeyd, S, A,) i. e., Perform ye the هِجْرَة with sincerity towards God, and affect not to be like those who do so without your being really such as do so: said by 'Omar. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: See also 2.6 تهاجروا [They cut one another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; or they cut, or ceased to speak to, one another: they forsook, or abandoned, one another: as also ↓ اهتجروا] (A.) You say also هُمَا يَتَهَاجَرَانِ, and ↓ يَهْتَجِرَانِ, i. e., يَتَقَاطِعَانِ [They two cut each other off &c.]: (K:) تَهَاجُرٌ is syn. with تَقَاطُعُ. (S.) 8 إِهْتَجَرَ see 3 and 6; the latter in two places. b2: [He journeyed in the time of the حَاجِرَة: see 8 in art. عشو.]

هَجْرٌ: see هُجْرٌ: A2: and see also هَاجِرَةٌ.

هُجْرٌ, a subst. from أَهْجَرَ; (S, Mgh;) or from its syn. هَجَرَ; (Msb;) Foul, evil, bad, abominable, or unseemly, language, or talk; (As, Ks, T, S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ هَجْرَآءُ; (Sgh, K;) and ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ; of which last the pl. is هَوَاجِرُ, incorrectly said by IJ to be an irreg. pl. of هُجْرٌ; or ↓ هَاجِرَةٌ may be an inf. n., like كَاذِبَةٌ &c. (IB.) You say, قَالَ هُجْرًا وَبُجْرًا, and ↓ هَجْرًا وَبَجْرًا, [He said] a foul [and a wonderful] thing: ↓ هَجْرٌ is an inf. n., and هُجْرٌ is a simple subst. (L, TA.) And ↓ رَمَاهُ بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ He assailed him with foul words: هاجرات being a word of the same class as لَابِنْ and تَامِرٌ. (A, Msb.) and ↓ رَمَاهُ بِهَاجِرَاتٍ, and ↓ بِمُهْجِرَاتٍ, (S, K,) or بِالْهَاجِرَاتِ, (A,) and بِالْمُهْجِرَاتِ, (A, Msb,) He accused him of evil things that exposed him to disgrace: (S, K:) or of foul, or evil, actions. (A, Msb.) And ↓ تَكَلَّمَ بِالْمَهَاجِرِ (in the CK بالمُهاجِرِ) He spoke foul, or evil, language. (L, K.) هِجِرٌّ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هُجْرَةٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرَةٌ, a subst. from هَجَرَهُ, (S, K,) as also ↓ هِجْرَانٌ, (Msb,) signifying The cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: (S:) cutting one; or ceasing to speak to him: (K:) forsaking, abandoning, deserting, or shunning or avoiding, one. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ [There shall be no cutting off from friendly communion after three nights with their days,]: the meaning is, هَجْرٌ as contr. of وَصْلٌ; i. e., such anger as exists between Muslims, or a failing, or falling short, with respect to the duties of society, exclusively of what relates to religion: but the هِجْرَة of those who follow their own natural desires [in matters of religion], and of innovators [in religion], should continue even as long as they do not repent, and return to the truth. (TA.) b2: [Also, A mode, or manner, of cutting another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse: &c. See 1, where an ex. occurs.] b3: Also, A removal from the desert to the towns or villages: this was its [primary] acceptation with the Arabs: and the forsaking of his country, or district, or the like, by an inhabitant of the desert, or by an inhabitant of a town, or village, or cultivated district, and taking up his abode in another country or district, or the like, an emigration; (TA;) the forsaking of one's home and removing to another place; (Mgh;) the forsaking of a country, or district, or the like, and removing to another; (Msb;) the going forth from one land to another; as also ↓ هُجْرَةٌ. (K:) [and an emigration from the territory of the unbelievers to the territory of the believers, or to any place of safety or refuge on account of religious persecution &c.: see 3, last signification:] a subst. from هَاجَرَ. (Msb, TA.) b4: [الهِجْرَةٌ, peculiarly, The emigration, or flight, (for it was really a flight,) of Mohammad, from Mekkeh to Yethrib, which latter was afterwards called El-Medeeneh. Hence, تَأْرِيخُ الهِجْرَةِ The era of the Hijreh, or Flight. The epoch of this era is not the date of the Flight itself, as some have imagined, (for this took place on an uncertain day, most probably the first or second, of the third lunar month of the Arabian year,) but is the first day of the Arabian year in which the Flight happened: and as I believe that all European writers who have attempted to fix it, prior to M. Caussin de Perceval, have erred respecting it, the true date, as shown by him, (see his “ Essai sur l'Histoire des Arabes,” &c., in the places referred to in the index to that work,) I think it important here to mention. The first year of the Flight was the two hundred and eleventh year of a period during which the Arabs made use of a defective luni-solar reckoning, making every third year to consist of thirteen lunar months; the others consisting of twelve such months. This mode of reckoning was abolished by Mohammad in the twelfth month of the tenth year of the Flight, at the time of the pilgrimage; whence it appears that the first year of the Flight commenced, most probably, on Monday, the nineteenth of April, A. D. 622; or perhaps on the eighteenth; for the actual appearance of the new moon properly marked its commencement, and, as the new moon happened about sunset on the sixteenth, it may perhaps have been seen on the eve of the eighteenth. According to M. Caussin de Perceval, the first ten years of the Flight commenced at the following periods.

1st.[Mon.]Apr. 19, 622 2nd.[Sat.]May 7, 623 3rd.[Th.]Apr. 26, 624 4th.[Mon.]Apr. 15, 625 5th.[Sat.]May. 3, 626 6th.[Th.]Apr. 23, 627 7th.[Tu.]Apr. 12, 628 8th.[Mon.]May. 1, 629 9th.[Fri.]Apr. 20, 630 10th.[Tu.]Apr. 9, 631 Thus it appears that the first and fourth and seventh years were of thirteen lunar months each; and the seventh was the last year that was thus augmented: therefore, with the eighth year commenced the reckoning by common lunar years; and from this point we may use the tables which have often been published for finding the periods of commencement of years of the Flight. We must not, however, rely upon the exact accuracy of these tables: for the commencement of the month was generally determined by actual observation of the new moon; not by calculation; and we often find that a year was commenced, according as the place of observation was low or high, or to the east or west of the place to which the calculation is adapted, or according as the sky was obscure or clear, a day later or earlier than that which is indicated in the tables; and in some cases, even two days later. The twelfth day of the third month of the first year of the Flight, the day of Mohammad's arrival at Kubà, was Monday: therefore the first day of the year was most probably the nineteenth of April, as two months of thirty days each, or twenty-nine days each, seldom occur together. But the tenth day of the first month of the sixty-first year, the day on which El-Hoseyn was slain at Kerbelà, was Friday: therefore the first day of that year, at that place, must have been Wednesday, the third of October, A. D. 680; not the first of October, as in most of the published tables above mentioned. (For the principal divisions of the Arabian year when the luni-solar reckoning was instituted, see زَمَنٌ)]. الهِجْرَتَانِ means [The two emigrations, or flights; namely,] the هِجْرَة to Abyssinia and the هِجْرَة to El-Medeeneh. (S, K.) And ذُو الهِجْرَتَيْنِ He (of the صَحَابَة [or Companions of Mohammad] TA) who emigrated, or who has emigrated, to Abyssinia and to El-Medeeneh. (K.) هَجْرَآءُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هِجْرَانٌ: see هِجْرَةٌ.

هِجْرِيَّا: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَجِيرٌ Left; forsaken; relinquished; abandoned; deserted; quitted: abstained from: neglected: shunned or avoided. (TA.) A2: See also هَاجِرَةٌ, in three places.

هَجِيرَةٌ: see هَاجِرَةٌ.

هِجِّيرٌ Custom; manner; habit; wont: state; condition; case; syn. دَأْبٌ, (T, S, A, K,) and عَادَةٌ, (S, TA,) and دَيْدَنٌ, (TA,) and شَأْنٌ: (T, A, K:) and the speech, or language, of a man; [or what one is accustomed to say;] syn. كَلَامٌ: (T, TA:) as also ↓ هِجِّيرَى, (T, S, A, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَى, (S, K,) and ↓ إِهْجِيرَآءُ, and ↓ أُهْجُورَةٌ, and ↓ هِجْرِيَّا, (K,) and إِجْرِيَّا, and إِجْرِيَّآءُ. (S.) You say, مَا زَالَ ذٰلِكَ هِجِّيرَهُ, (A, K, * TA [in the CK, هٰذَا هِجِّيرَتُهُ,]) and هِجِّيرَاهُ, (S, A, K,) and إِهْجِيرَاهُ, &c., (K,) That ceased not to be his custom, &c. (S, A, K. *) And ↓ مَا لَهُ هِجِّيرَى

غَيْرُهَا He has no custom, &c., other than it. (TA, from a trad.) هِجِّيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

هَاجِرٌ, act. part. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Talking nonsense; talking foolishly or deliriously. (S, TA.) See 1, last signification but one.

هَاجِرَةٌ: see هُجْرٌ, in four places.

A2: الهَاجِرَةُ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ هَجِيرَةٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ هَجْرٌ, (S, K,) Midday when the heat is vehement: (S:) or midday in summer, or in the hot season: (Mgh, Msb:) or the period from a little before noon to a little after noon in summer, or in the hot season, only: (En-Nadr, ISk:) or from the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Aboo-Sa'eed:) or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر: because people [then] shelter themselves in their tents or houses; as though they forsook one another (تَهَاجَرُوا): (K:) or the vehemence of the heat (K, TA) therein: (TA:) and الهُوَيْجِرَةُ [dim. of الهاجرة] the period a little after the هَاجِرَة: (EsSukkaree:) [pl. of the first, هَوَاجِرُ.] You say, طَبَخَتْهُ الهَوَاجِرُ [The vehement midday heats affected him with a hot, or burning, fever]. (A.) And ↓ صَلَاةُ الهَجِيرِ The prayer of noon; as also الهَجِيرُ, elliptically. (TA.) See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.

أُهْجُورَةٌ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهْجِيرَى: see هِجِّيرٌ.

إِهجِيرَآءُ: see هِجِّيرٌ.

أَتَيْنَا أَهْلَنَا مُهْجِرِينَ We came to our family in the time of the هَاجِرَة. (S.) b2: مُهْجِرَاتٌ and مَهَاجِرُ: see هُجْرٌ.

هَلْ مُهَجِّرٌ كَمَنْ قَالَ Is one who journeys in the هَاجِرَة like him who stays during the time of midday? (TA, from a trad.) مَهْجُورٌ Cut off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; forsaken, or abandoned: cut, or not spoken to. (Mgh, Msb.) In like manner مَهْجُورًا is used in the Kur, [xxv. 32,] signifying avoided, or forsaken, with the tongue, or with the heart or mind. (B.) [But see what here follows.]

A2: Talk, or language, uttered irrationally or foolishly or deliriously. It is related by Aboo-'Obeyd, on the authority of Ibráheem, that the words of the Kur, إِنَّ قَوْمِى اتَّخَذُوا هٰذَا الْقُرْآنَ مَهْجُورًا, [xxv. 32,] mean, Verily my people have made this Kur-án a thing of which they have said what is not true: because the sick man, when he talks irrationally or foolishly or deliriously, says what is not true: and the like is related on the authority of Mujáhid. (S.) مُهَاجَرٌ A place to which one emigrates. (Msb.) مُهَاجِرٌ Any one, whether an inhabitant of the desert [as in the primary acceptation of the epithet] or an inhabitant of a town or village or cultivated district, who emigrates; or who forsakes his country or district or the like, and takes up his abode in another country or district or the like. Hence المُهَاجِرُونَ applied to The emigrants to El-Medeeneh: because they forsook their places of abode in which they were reared, for the sake of God, and attached themselves to an abode in which they had neither family nor property, when they emigrated to El-Medeeneh. (TA.)

هرس

1 هَرَسَهُ, aor. ـُ (IF, A, Msb,) inf. n. هَرْسٌ, (IF, S, A, Msb, K,) He bruised, brayed, or pounded, it; crushed it so as to break it; broke it, or broke it in pieces, by beating; (S, IF, Msb, TA;) namely, grain, (Msb,) or some other thing: (IF, Msb:) or he did so vehemently, or violently: (A, K:) or with something broad: or with some preservative between it and the ground. (TA.) هَرِيسٌ Grain, (Msb,) or wheat, (A,) bruised, brayed, or pounded, (A, Msb,) vehemently, or violently, (A,) with the مَهْرَاس, before it is cooked; for when it is cooked, it is termed هَرِيسَةٌ: (Msb:) [of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ:] from the verb above-mentioned. (K.) You say, عِنْدِى هَرِيسٌ لِلْهَرِيسَةِ I have wheat bruised, &c., for the هَرِيسَة. (A.) هَرِيسَةٌ Grain, (Msb,) or wheat, (TA,) bruised, brayed, or pounded, [vehemently, or violently, (see هَرِيسٌ,)] and then cooked: (Msb, TA:) [or a kind of thick pottage, prepared of cooked wheat and cooked flesh-meats much pounded together: (Golius; app. on the authority of Ibn-Maaroof:) but this is probably one of the kinds of هريسة peculiar to post-classical times; which kinds are many: see De Sacy's Relation de l'Égypte par Abd-Allatif, pp. 307 and 312:] of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ: (Msb:) from the verb above-mentioned: (S, K:) pl. هَرَائِسُ. (A.) هَرَّاسٌ A maker, or preparer, of هَرِيسَة: (Mgh, Msb, K:) and a seller thereof. (Mgh.) مِهْرَاسٌ [in the M, voce جُرْنٌ, q. v., accord. to the TA, مهرس, i. e., app. مِهْرَسٌ,] A stone hollowed out, (S, Mgh, Msb,) oblong, (Mgh, Msb,) and heavy, resembling a [vessel of the kind called] تَوْر, q. v., (Mgh,) in which one bruises, brays, or pounds, and from which one performs the ablution termed وُضُوْء; (S, Mgh, Msb;) and it is also made of brass; and grain and other things are bruised in it: (Msb:) and sometimes, by a tropical application, (tropical:) one of wood, (Mgh, Msb,) used for the same purpose: (Msb:) or a mortar; syn. هَاوُونٌ; (K;) or thing in which grain is bruised: (A, TA,) and also, (A, K,) tropically, (A,) (tropical:) a hollowed stone, (A, K,) of oblong shape, (A,) from which one performs the ablution above mentioned; (A, K;) consisting of a bulky stone, which several men cannot lift nor move because of its weight, capable of holding much water. (TA.)

هبش

1 هَبَشَ, aor. ـِ (S, TA,) inf. n. هَبْشٌ, (S, A, K,) He collected a thing; (TA;) as also هَبِشَ, aor. ـَ (ISk, ISd:) he collected; and gained or earned, or sought sustenance; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تهبّش: (S, A:) or he practised some art or trade, to procure sustenance; and he exercised art, craft, cunning, or skill, in the management of his affairs: (TA:) and ↓ اهتبش and ↓ تهبّش he gained or earned, or sought sustenance; and collected; and exercised art, craft, cunning, or skill, in the management of his affairs: (ISd, TA:) and ↓ هبّش, inf. n. تَهْبِيشٌ, he collected much; syn. جمّع. (K.) You say, هُوَ يَهْبِشُ لِعِيَالِهِ He collects; and gains or earns, or seeks sustenance; for his family, or household; (S;) as also ↓ يَتَهَبَّشُ: (S, A:) or practises some art or trade, to procure sustenance for them; exercises art, craft, cunning, or skill, in the management of his affairs, for them. (TA.) [See also حَبَشَ.] b2: هَبَشْتُهُ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) I obtained it, (K, TA,) by collecting and gaining or earning. (TA.) And مِنْهُ عَطَآءً ↓ اهتبش He obtained from him a gift. (K.) b3: هَبَشَ الغَنَمَ, inf. n. as above, [app. meaning He roused and scared the sheep or goats, and drove and collected them to some person or place,] is like نَجَشَ الصَّيْدَ. (Ibn-'Abbád.) 2 هَبَّشَ see 1.5 تهبّش: see 1, in three places.

A2: Also, and ↓ اهتبش, It became collected; or it collected itself: or the former, it became collected, or it collected itself, from several places: syns. تَجَمَّعَ and إِجْتَمَعَ. (K.) And تهبّش القَوْمُ The company of men became collected as an army, or a military force; or collected itself into an army, or a military force. (TA.) 8 إِهْتَبَشَ see 1, in two places: A2: and see 5.

هُبَاشَةٌ i. q. حُبَاشَةٌ; (S, K;) i. e. What is collected, of men, and of property: (S, TA:) a company, or body, of men, not of one tribe: (TA, in art. حبش:) and what one gains or earns, and collects, of property: pl. هُبَاشَاتٌ. (TA.) هَبَّاشٌ One who collects; and who gains, or earns, or seeks sustenance: (S:) or who does so much: (Lth, K, TA;) and who exercises art, craft, cunning, or skill, in the management of his affairs, for his family, or household. (Lth, TA.) مَهْبُوشٌ Collected; and gained or earned. (S, * TA.)

هيض

1 هَاضَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. هَيْضٌ, (S,) He broke it, namely, a bone, after it had become set; as also ↓ اهتاضهُ: (S, K:) and in like manner, a wing. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) It (a thing) made him to fall back into his disease; (S, A, TA;) and so هَاضَهُ إِلَى مَا بِهِ. (TA.) You say also, هاض الحُزْنُ القَلْبَ (assumed tropical:) Grief affected the heart time after time. (TA.) And الغَزَامُ ↓ تهيّضهُ [Vehemence of desire] returned to him a second time. (A, * TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) It softened him, or it. (TA.) And so IAar explains the verb as occurring in the saying of 'Áïsheh, لَوْنَزَلَ بِالجِبَالِ الرَّاسِيَاتِ مَانَزَلَ بِأَبِى لَهَاضَهَا (assumed tropical:) [Had that befallen the firm mountains which befell my father,] it had softened them. (TA.) [See also an ex. of a similar meaning voce ظلع.] b4: (tropical:) It (drowsiness) made him languid. (A, TA.) b5: (tropical:) He broke him, or defeated him: as in the imprecation uttered by 'Omar the son of 'Abd-el-'Azeez against Yezeed the son of El-Mohelleb, when he broke his prison, and escaped, اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنَّهُ قَدْ هَاضَنِى فَهِضْهُ (tropical:) O God, verily he hath broken me, or defeated me, and encroached on me (اِدَّخَلَ عَلَىَّ), then do Thou break him, or defeat him, and requite him for that which he hath done. (TA.) 2 هيّضهُ (assumed tropical:) He roused, excited, or provoked, him; and it, namely the heart. (IB.) 5 تَهَيَّضَ see 7: A2: and see also 1.7 انهاض It [a bone] broke, or became broken, (JK, K,) after having been set; (JK;) and ↓ تهيّض signifies the same. (K.) 8 إِهْتَيَضَ see 1.

هَيْضٌ (assumed tropical:) Any pain following upon pain. (S, TA.) See also هَيْضَةٌ. b2: (assumed tropical:) Softness. (TA.) هَيْضَةٌ, (Lth, K,) or ↓ هَيْضٌ, (JK,) (assumed tropical:) A disease after a disease: a return of anxiety, or disquietude of mind; and of grief. (Lth, JK, K.) b2: بِهِ هَيْضَةٌ (assumed tropical:) He has a purging and vomiting together; [i. e. the cholera: used in this sense in the present day:] (S, K:) or a discharge of the belly alone. (TA.) You say also, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا هَيْضَةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A change of his temperament, such as often occasions laxness of the bowels, causing a frequent going to and from the privy, affected such a one, from the disagreement with him of something which he had eaten. (TA.) b3: بِهِ هَيْضَةُ الكَرَى (tropical:) In him is the languor produced by drowsiness. (A, TA.) مَهِيضٌ A bone broken after having become set; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ مُهْتَاضٌ (S) and ↓ مُنْهَاضٌ. (S, A.) مُهْتَاضٌ: see مَهِيضٌ.

مُنْهَاضٌ: see مَهِيضٌ.

مُسْتَهَاضٌ [A beast] that has had a leg broken, and has recovered, and has been hastily laden and driven, and whose bone has consequently broken a second time, after it had become set and nearly well: or, accord. to ISh, one that has been diseased, and recovers, and is hastily put to work, so that he is distressed thereby; or that eats food, or drinks beverage, and in consequence relapses into disease. (TA.)

هلك

1 هَلَكَ

, inf. n. هَلَاكٌ &c., (S, K, &c.,) He, or it, perished, came to nought, came to an end, passed away, was not, was no more, or became non-existent or annihilated: (KL, PS in explanation of هَلاَكٌ, &c.:) or fell: or became in a bad, or corrupt, state; became corrupted, vitiated, marred, or spoiled: or went away, no one knew whither: (Mgh in explanation of هَلاَكٌ:) he died. (K.) b2: هَلَكَتْ أَرْضُهُ His land had its herbage dried up by drought: see جَرِبَ.2 وَادِى تُهُلِّكَ I. q.

تُضُلِّل4 أَهْلَكَهُ He destroyed, made an end of, or caused to perish or come to an end, made away, did away with, or brought to nought, him, or it; took away his life.6 تَهَالَكَ غَمًّا [app. He perished gradually by reason of grief.] (A, art. سوس: see 1 in that art.) b2: تَهَالَكَ عَلَيْهِ He was vehemently eager for it. (TA.) b3: تَهَالَكَ فِيهِ He strove, laboured, toiled, or exerted himself, in it, namely in running; as also ↓ اِهْتَلَكَ. (TA.) He strove, laboured, toiled, or exerted himself, and hastened, in it, namely an affair; as also ↓ استهلك فيه. (TA.) b4: تَهَالَكَتْ said of a she-camel, i. q. عَشِقَتْ [She vehemently desired the stallion]. (AA, TA in art. عشق.) 8 إِهْتَلَكَ see 6.10 اِسْتَهْلَكَ properly signifies He sought, or courted, destruction; like اِسْتَمَاتَ: see مُسْتَمِيتَ: and see an ex. voce شَرْشَرَةٌ. b2: اِسْتَهْلَكَ فِى كَذَا He (a man) distressed, troubled, or fatigued, himself in, or respecting, such a thing. (TA.) See also 6.

هَلَكَةٌ The drying up of the plants, or herbage. (AHn, TA.) See هَلاَكٌ.

هَلاَكٌ [Perdition; destruction; a state of perdition or destruction: a lost state;] death. (K.) b2: هَلاَكٌ and ↓ هَلَكَةٌ are syn. (S, Msb, K.) b3: اِرْتَبَكَ فِى اِنْهَلَكَاتِ He stuck fast in cases of perdition: see art. ربك.

هَالِكٌ Dead; or dying. (Bd, Jel in xii. 85) b2: هَالِكٌ sometimes means Subject to perish; as in the Kur, xxviii. last verse.

مَهْلُكٌ

: see أَلُوكٌ.

مَهْلِكٌ Death: see a verse cited voce سَهُوٌ.

مَهْلَِكَةٌ A cause of perdition, or of death. (TA in art. بخل.) b2: (tropical:) A place of perdition or death: and a desert: (KL:) or a [desert, or such as is termed] مَفَازَة; (S, K, TA;) because persons perish therein; (Z, TA;) or because it urges [or leads] to perdition. (TA.) See جَادَّةٌ.

هُوَ مُسْتَهْلِكٌ إِلَى كَذَا i. q.

مُسْتَمِيتٌ [q. v.]. (TA, art. موت, from the A.) b2: مُسْتَهْلِكُ الوِرْدِ A road that destroys him who seeks water, by reason of its far extent. (O.)

جرب

1 جَرِبَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. جَرَبٌ, (Msb, TA,) He (a camel, S, A, Msb, K, and a man, S, or other animal, Msb,) was, or became, affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]. (S, Msb, K.) مَا لَهُ جَرِبَ وَحَرِبَ is a form of imprecation against a man [meaning What aileth him? may he have the scab, and be despoiled of all his wealth, or property: or may he have his camels affected with the mange, or scab, and be despoiled &c.: or may his camels be affected with the mange, or scab, &c.]: it may express a wish that he may be affected with جَرَب: or جَرِبَ may be put for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ: or it may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبلُهُ. (L.) b2: See 4. b3: Also (tropical:) i. q. هَلَكَتْ أَرْضُهُ [meaning His land had its herbage dried up by drought; or became such as is termed جَرْبَآء, fem. of أَجْرَبُ, q. v.]. (K.) 2 جرّبهُ, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْرِبَةٌ, (M, A, K,) or تَجْرِيبٌ, the former, which see also below, being a simple subst., (Msb,) or both, but the former is irreg., are inf. ns., (TA,) He tried, made trial of, made experiment of, tested, proved, assayed, proved by trial or experiment or experience, him, or it: (A, K:) or he tried it, made trial of it, &c., namely, a thing, time after time. (Msb.) [You say also جَرَّبَ, for جَرَّبَ الأُمُورَ, meaning He tried affairs: and hence, i. q.]

جُرِّبَ فِى الأُمُور [He became experienced, or expert, in affairs]. (T, TA.) And جَرَّبَتْهُ الأُمُورُ [Affairs, or events, tried him. &c.: and thus, rendered him experienced, or expert]. (S, TA.) And مَا جُرِّبتْ عَلَيْهِ فَعْلَةٌ قَبِيحَةٌ قَطُّ [A foul action was never found to be chargeable upon him]. (S voce نُغْبَةٌ.) 4 اجرب He had his camels [or found them to be] affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]; (S, A, L, K;) as also ↓ جَرِبَ, (L, K,) which may be for جَرِبَتْ إِبِلُهُ; or used for أَجْرَبَ, to assimilate it to حَرِبَ in a saying mentioned above; see 1. (L.) Q. Q. 1 جَوْرَبَهُ He put on him [i. e., on his (another's) foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) Q. Q. 2 تَجَوْرَبَ He put on [i. e., on his own foot or feet,] جَوْرَب [i. e. a sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings]. (S, K.) And in like manner, تجورب جَوْرَبَيْنِ [He put on a pair of socks or stockings]. (TA.) جِرْبٌ: see جِرْبَةٌ.

جَرَبٌ [The mange, or scab;] a certain disease, (A,) well known; (S, A, K;) accord. to the medical books, (Msb,) a gross humour, arising beneath the skin, from the mixture of the salt phlegm, (Msb, MF,) or the phlegm of the flesh, (so in a copy of the Msb,) with the blood, accompanied with pustules, and sometimes with emaciation, in consequence of its abundance; (Msb, MF;) or [an eruption consisting of] pustules upon the bodies of men and camels. (M, TA.) You say, أعْدَــى مِنَ الجَرَبِ عِنْدَ العَرَبِ [More transitive, or catching, than the mange, or scab, among the Arabs]: (A, TA:) a proverb. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Rust upon a sword. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A resemblance of rust upon the inner side of the جَفْن [or eyelid], (M, K,) sometimes covering the whole of it, and sometimes part of it. (M.) You say, بِأَجْفَانِهِ جَرَبٌ (tropical:) [In his eyelids is] a resemblance of rust upon their inner sides. (A.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A vice, a fault, a defect, an imperfection, or a blemish. (IAar, K.) جَرِبٌ: see أَجْرَبُ.

جِرْبَةٌ A place of seed-produce; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَرِيبٌ: (K:) and a tract of land such as is termed قَرَاح [i. e. a field, or land, sown or for sowing, without any building or trees in it; or land cleared for sowing and planting; or a separate piece of land in which palm-trees &c. grow; &c.]: (K:) metaphorically applied by Imra-el-Keys to [a grove of] palm-trees, where he says كَجِرْبَةِ نَخْلٍ أَوْ كَجَنَّةِ يَثْرِبَ [Like a grove of palm-trees, or like the plantation of Yethrib]: (AHn, TA:) or land prepared for sowing or planting: (AHn, K:) or a piece of land differing in condition from the land adjoining it, [i. e. a patch of land,] producing good plants or herbage: (Lth, TA:) the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is ↓ جِرْبٌ, (Lth, AHn,) like as تِبْنٌ is of تِبْنَةٌ, and سِدْرٌ of سِدْرَةٌ: (AHn:) or جِرْبٌ signifies a قَرَاح; and its pl. is جِرَبَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b2: A skin, or a mat, which is placed upon the brink of a well, lest the water should be scattered into the well [app. in falling from the bucket into the channel of the tank or cistern &c.]: or (a skin, TA,) that is placed in a rivulet or streamlet جَدْوَل [which is applied in the present day to an artificial streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench or gutter,]) that the water may flow down over it [app. from the well to the tank or cistern &c.]. (M, K.) جَرِبَةُ: see أَجْرَبُ, last sentence but one.

جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ: see أَجْرَبُ: A2: and for the latter, see جُرُبَّانٌ.

جُرْبَانٌ and جِرْبَانٌ: see جُرُبَّانٌ, in five places.

جُرُبَّآء and جِرِبَّآء: see what next follows.

جُرُبَّانٌ (S, MF, TA) and جِرِبَّانٌ, (Mj, MF, TA,) which are the two forms commonly known, (MF, TA,) or, accord. to the K, ↓ جِرْبَانٌ and ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to the L, ↓ جَرْبَانٌ, and sometimes ↓ جُرْبَانٌ, or, accord. to some copies of the K, [and so in the CK,] ↓ جِرِبَّآء and ↓ جُرُبَّآء, which are evident mistranscriptions, or, accord. to the 'Ináyeh of El-Khafájee, جَرِبَّانٌ, which is more strange, (MF,) but this last accords [most nearly] with its original, (TA,) [for it is] a Persian word arabicized, (S, TA,) originally گَرِيبَانْ; (TA;) The جَيْب [or opening at the neck and bosom] of a shirt: (K, TA:) or the part around the neck, upon which are sewed the buttons: (IB and TA in art. بنق:) or the [part called] لِبْنَة [q. v.] of a shirt. (S, TA.) b2: جُرُبَّانُ سَيْفٍ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ جُرْبَانُهُ, (K, TA,) or ↓ جِرْبانهُ, (CK,) The edge (حَدّ) of a sword: (K:) or a thing [i. e. a case] (K, TA) of sewed leather (TA) in which are put a sword and its scabbard with the cords or belts by which it is suspended: (K, TA;) i. q. قِرَابُهُ: (S: [see also جِرَابٌ:]) or a large sword-case in which are a man's sword and his whip and what else he requires: (Fr, TA: [also called جُلُبَّان and جِلِبَّان and جُلْبَان:]) in the L, the first is [also] said to signify the scabbard of a sword. (TA.) جِرْبِيَآءُ [a word of a very rare form, (see كِبْرِيَآءُ,)] The north-west wind; a wind of the kind termed نَكْبَآءُ, that blows in a direction between that of the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شَمَال and that of the [west wind, or westerly wind, called] دَبُور, and that dispels the clouds: (S, TA:) it is a cold wind, and is sometimes attended by a little rain: (TA in art. نكب, q. v.:) or the [north wind, or northerly wind, called]

شمال: or the cold of that wind: (K, TA:) or, (K,) as also أَزْيَبُ, (TA,) the south east wind; the wind that blows in a direction between that of the [south wind, or southerly wind, called]

جَنُوب and that of the [east wind, or easterly wind, called] صَبَا. (K, TA.) b2: Also, with the article ال, a name of The seventh earth: corresponding to العِرْبِيَآءُ, a name of “the seventh heaven.” (TA.) A2: Also A weak man. (K.) جِرَابٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) not جَرَابٌ, (ISk, Msb, K,) or this latter is of weak authority, (K, TA,) or peculiar to the vulgar, (S, L,) A provisionbag for travellers: (K, Har p. 174:) or a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.,; syn. وِعَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or such a receptacle made of sheep-skin, in which nothing is kept but what is dry: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] جُرُبٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرْبٌ, (S, K,) the latter a contraction of the former, (TA,) and [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: (tropical:) A sword-case; or a case, or receptacle, in which a sword is put with its scabbard and its suspensory belt or cord; syn. قِرَابُ سَيْفٍ. (TA. [See also جُرُبَّانٌ.]) b3: (assumed tropical:) The scrotum. (K.) b4: جِرَابُ القَلْبِ (assumed tropical:) [The pericardium, or heart-purse]. (K in art. ثهت, &c.) b5: جِرَابُ البِئْرِ (assumed tropical:) The cavity of the well; (M, K;) or (tropical:) its interior, (Lth, S, M, A,) from top to bottom. (Lth, S, M.) You say, اِطْوِ جِرَابَهَا بِالحِجَارَةِ Case thou its interior with stones. (A.) جَرِيبٌ A certain measure, (M, A, Mgh, K,) or quantity, of wheat, (S, Msb,) consisting of four أَقْفِزَة [pl. of قَفِيزٌ]: (M, A, Msb, K:) or ten اقفزة; each قفيز thereof consisting of ten أَعْشِرَآء

[pl. of عَشِيرٌ]; so that the عشير is the hundredth part of the whole: (TA:) or, as some say, a measure differing in different countries; as is the case of the رطْل and مُدّ and ذِرَاع &c. (MF, TA.) For the pl., see what follows. b2: Hence, (Mgh,) (assumed tropical:) A certain quantity of land; (S, Mgh, Msb;) as much as is sown with the measure of seed so called; (A, Mgh;) like as mules and the space that they travel are termed بَرِيدٌ: (A, Mgh: *) it is sixty cubits by sixty cubits; accord. to Kudámeh, the extent termed أَشْل multiplied by itself; the اشل being sixty cubits; the cubit being six قَبَضَات; and the قَبْضَة, four أَصَابِع: the tenth part of the جريب is called قفيز, and the tenth of the قفيز is called عشير; so that the قفيز is ten اعشراء: (Mgh:) it is a distinct portion of land, differing according to the different conventional usages of the people of different provinces: it is said that the width of six moderate-sized barleycorns is called إِصْبَعٌ; the قبضة is four اصابع; the ذِرَاع is six قبضات; ten أَذْرُع are called قَصَبَةٌ; ten قَصَبَات are called اشل; and the جريب is the extent termed اشل multiplied by itself: the اشل multiplied by the قصبة is called قفيز; and the اشل multiplied by the ذراع is called عشير: so the جِريب is ten thousand cubits: or, accord. to Kudámeh the Scribe, it is three thousand and six hundred cubits: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَجْرِبَةٌ and [of mult.] جُرْبَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and جُرُوبٌ. (R, TA.) See also جِرْبَةٌ. b3: Also A valley; (Lth, Msb, K; [accord. to the second of which, this is the primary signification;]) i. e., in an absolute sense; and, with the article ال, the name of a particular valley in the territory of Keys: (TA:) pl. أَجْرِبَةٌ. (Lth, TA.) جَوْرَبٌ [A sock or stocking, or a pair of socks or stockings;] the wrapper of the foot or leg: (K:) or a pair of woollen envelopes for the feet, used for warmth: (TA:) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) from the Persian گُورَبْ, originally گُورْ, i. e. “tomb of the foot:” (TA:) pl. جَوَارِبَةٌ and جَوَارِبُ; (S, A, Msb, K;) in the former of which, the ة is added because it is originally a foreign word. (S, TA.) You say, هُوَ

أَنْتَنُ مِنْ رِيحِ الجَوْرَبِ [He, or it, is more stinking than the smell of socks, or stockings]. (A, TA.) جَوَارِبِىٌّ A maker of جَوَارِب [i. e. socks or stockings]. (TA.) أجْرَبُ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ جَرِبٌ (A, Mgh, K) and ↓ جَرْبَانُ or جَرْبَانٌ (K accord. to different copies) [Mangy, or scabby;] affected with what is termed جَرَب: (S, A, Msb, K:) applied to a camel, (A, Msb,) and to a man: (S, A:) fem. (of the first, Msb) جَرْبَآءُ (A, Msb) and [of the second] جَرِبَةٌ: (A:) pl. (of the first, S, Msb) جُرْبٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and (of the first, S, Mgh, TA, or of the second, Mgh, or of the third agreeably with analogy, TA) جَرْبَى (S, Mgh, K) and [of the first] أَجَارِبُ, which is like certain pls. of substantives, as أَجَادِلُ and أَنَامِلُ, (TA,) and (of the first contrary to rule, like عِجَافٌ and بِطَاحٌ and عِصَالٌ which are pls. of أَعْجَفُ and أَبْطَحُ and أَعْصَلُ, Msb, or of the second, IB, K, or of جُرْبٌ, which is pl. of the first, S) جِرَابٌ: (S, IB, Msb, K:) this last occurs in the following verse [of ‘Amr, or' Omeyr, Ibn-El-Hobáb, or El-Khabbáb; these variations being in different copies of the K; but in the TA art. نشر, and in a copy of the S in that art. and in the present one, ‘Omeyr Ibn-El-Khabbáb]: وَفِينَا وَإِنْ قِيلَ اصْطَلَحْنَا تَضَاغُنٌ كَمَا طَرَّ أَوْبَارُ الجِرَابِ عَلَى النَّشْرِ (S, K *) Within us, though it be said that we have made peace, one with another, and we are on good terms outwardly, is mutual rancour: as the soft wool of the mangy camels (while disease lurks beneath, within them, TA) grows by reason of [eating] the نشر [or herbage] that becomes green at the and of summer (in consequence of rain falling upon it, TA) and is injurious to animals that pasture upon it: (K, TA:) and it is said by IB, and in the K, that جراب, here, is pl. of جَرِبٌ, not, as J says, of جُرْبٌ: but MF observes that فِعَالٌ is the pl. measure of several words of the measure فُعْلٌ, as رُمْحٌ and دُهْنٌ, and is even said by IHsh and Ibn-Málik and AHei to be regularly applicable to sings. of this latter measure; whereas no grammarian nor Arabic scholar asserts that a word of the measure فَعِلٌ assumes فِعَالٌ as the measure of its pl. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سَيْفٌ أَجْرَبُ (tropical:) A sword reddened by much rust, which cannot be removed from it unless with a file. (A.) b3: And أَرْضٌ جَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) Land affected with. drought: (S, A, Msb, K: *) or salt land, affected with drought, and containing nothing. (ISd, TA.) b4: And الجَرْبَآءُ (tropical:) The sky; (S, M, A, K;) so called because of the stars (S, TA) and the milky way, (TA,) as though it were scabbed with stars; (S, IF, ISd;) its stars being likened to the marks of جَرَب; (A;) like as the sea is called أَجْرَدُ, and like as the sky is also called رَقِيع because [as it were] patched with stars: (AAF, ISd:) or that tract of the sky in which the sun and moon revolve: (M, K:) or the lowest heaven: (AHeyth, TA:) and accord. to the M, جربة [so in the TA, app. ↓ جَرِبَةُ,] is applied as a determinate [proper] name to the sky. (TA.) b5: and جَرْبَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A beautiful girl; (IAar, K;) so called because the women separate themselves from her, seeing that their goodly qualities are rendered foul by comparison with hers. (IAar, TA.) تَجْرِبَةٌ is a subst. from جَرَّبَ: (Msb:) or it is an inf. n. of that verb, (M, A, K,) and is one of the inf. ns. from which pls. are formed: (M, TA:) its pl. is تَجَاربُ (M, Msb, TA) and تَجَارِيبُ, (M, TA.) En-Nábighah says, إِلَى اليَوْمِ قَدْ جُرِّبْنَ كُلَّ التَّجَارِبِ [To this day, they (referring to females) have been tried with every kind of tryings]: and El-Aashà

says, كَمْ جَرَّبُوهُ فَمَا زَادَتْ تَجَارِبُهُمْ

أَبَا قُدَامَةَ إِلَّا المَجْدَ وَالقَنَعَا [How often have they tried him, and their tryings of Aboo-Kudámeh have not increased aught save his glory and contentment!]; تجارب being here a pluralized inf. n. made to govern an objective complement; which is a strange fact. (M, TA.) [But in this latter instance, we may consider ابا قدامة as a first objective complement of رادت, and شَيْئَا, understood before الّا, as a second objective complement of the same verb.]

مُجْرِبٌ A man who has his camels affected with what is termed جَرَب [i. e. the mange, or scab]: whence the prov., لَا إِلَاهَ لِمُجْرِبٍ [There is no god to one who has his camels affected with the mange]; as though he renounced his god by frequently swearing falsely by him that he had no pitch when it was demanded of him [for the purpose of curing other camels]: (A:) or لَا أَلِيَّةَ لِمْجْرِبٍ [There is no oath to one who has his camels affected with the mange; for the reason above mentioned, or because he is likely to deny that he has mangy camels lest his camels should be prevented from coming to water: and hence also,] أَكْدَبُ مِنْ مُجْرِبٍ [More lying than one who has his camels affected with the mange]; another prov. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 382.]) مُجَرَّبٌ One who has been tried, or proved, in affairs, and whose qualities have become known: (T, TA:) or one who has been tried, or proved, and strengthened by experience in affairs: (S:) [experienced, or expert, in affairs:] or one whose qualities have been tried, or proved. (K, TA.) And ↓ مُجَرِّبٌ One having experience in affairs. (K, TA.) In general, but not always, (MF,) the Arabs used the former of these two epithets [which are virtually synonymous]. (S, MF.) b2: دَرَاهِمُ مُجَرَّبَةٌ Weighed money. (Kr, K.) b3: المُجَرَّبُ The lion. (Sgh, K.) A2: [It is also employed as an inf. n. of 2, in accordance with a usage of which there are many other instances; as in the saying,] أَنْتَ عَلَى المُجَرَّبِ [Thou art about to have the proof, or experience]: a prov., mentioned by Az: said to him who asks respecting a thing which he is about to know of himself: originally said by a woman to a man who asked her an indecent question which he was himself about to resolve. (TA.) مُجَرِّبٌ: see مُجَرَّبٌ.

جلد

1 جَلَدَهُ, (S, A, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. جَلْدٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He hit, or hurt, his skin; (S, K;) like as you say, رَأَسَهُ, and بَطَنَهُ: (S:) he beat his skin: (Mgh:) he beat him; namely, a criminal: (Msb:) he struck him with a whip, and with a sword: (TA:) he flogged him (A, K) with a whip, (K,) or with whips: (A:) جَلَدْتُ is sometimes written and pronounced جَلَدُّ. (MF on the letter د.) You say, جَلَدَهُ الحَدَّ, inf. n. as above, He inflicted upon him the flogging ordained by the law. (S, L.) b2: جَلَدَتِ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit: (K:) or, accord. to some, one says of the serpent called أَسْوَدُ, specially, يَجْلِدُ بِذَنَبِهِ [it strikes with its tail]. (TA.) b3: جَلَدَ جَارِيَتَهُ, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) (tropical:) He lay with his young woman, or female slave. (K, TA.) [Hence,] جَلَدَ عُمَيْرَةَ [(assumed tropical:) i. q. نَكَحَ اليَدَ], a metonymical phrase: جَلْدُ عُمَيْرَةَ meaning الخَضْخَضَةُ, and الاِسْتِمْنَآءُ بِاليَدِ, also termed التَّدْلِيلُ, and الاِعْتِمَارُ: the similar act of a woman is termed الإِلْطَافُ. (Har p. 572.) b4: جَلَدَ بِهِ الأَرْضَ He smote the ground with him; (TA;) he threw him down prostrate on the ground. (A, TA.) and جُلِدَ بِهِ He fell down (K, TA) upon the ground by reason of much sleepiness; as also جُلِدَ بِهِ نُوْمًا. (TA.) كُنْتُ أَتَشَدَّدُ فَيُجْلَدُ بِى, in a trad., means [I used to exert my strength, or energy, but] sleep would overcome me so that I fell down. (L.) b5: جَلَدَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ (tropical:) He compelled him against his will to do the thing. (A, K.) b6: يُجْلَدُ بِكُلِّ خَيْرٍ (or, as related by AHát, يجلذ, with ذ, TA) (tropical:) He is imagined to possess every good quality. (A, K.) But the saying of EshSháfi'ee كَانَ مُجَالِدٌ يُجْلَدُ means (assumed tropical:) Mujálid used to be pronounced a liar, (K, TA,) or suspected and accused of lying. (TA.) A2: جُلِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, L, Msb,) the verb being in the pass. form, (Msb,) or جَلِدَت, (A, K,) a verb of the same form as فَرِحَ; (K;) [or both may be correct, like ضُرِبَت and ضَرِبَت in the same sense;] and ↓ أَجْلَدَت; (K;) [but this last I believe to be a mistake for أُجْلِدَت, like أُضْرِبَت;] The land was, or became, affected or smitten, by hoar-frost, or rime. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) And جلد البَقْلُ [in the TA جَلِدَ] The herbs, or leguminous plants, were, or became, affected, or smitten, thereby. (L, TA.) And ↓ أُجْلِدُوا They (men) were, or became, affected, or smitten, thereby. (L, K.) A3: جَلُدَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. جَلَادَةٌ and جُلُودَةٌ and جَلَدٌ (or this last is a simple subst., L) and مَجْلُودٌ, (an inf. n. like مَحْلُوفٌ and مَعْقُولٌ, (S, or from تَجَلَّدَ, M in art. عسر,) He (a man, S, L) was, or became, hardy, strong, sturdy, (S, * L, K, *) and enduring, or patient. (L.) 2 جلّد, (IAar, T, S, Mgh,) inf. n. تَجْلِيدٌ, (T, S, Mgh, K,) He skinned a camel (IAar, T, S, Mgh, K) that had been slaughtered: (S, K:) one seldom uses سَلَخَ thus [in relation to a camel]. (S.) b2: Also He covered a thing with skin; as, for instance, a pair of socks, or stockings: (Mgh:) and in like manner, [he bound] a book: (A, K: *) and he clad a young camel in the skin of another young camel: (L: [see جَلَدٌ:]) thus the verb bears two contr. significations. (Mgh.) A2: [He ordered to be flogged. (Freytag's Lex.: but without any indication of an authority.)]

A3: [He, or it, rendered a man hardy, strong, sturdy, and enduring, or patient: so in the present day.]3 جالدهُ He contended with him in fight, whether the fight were with swords or not. (A in art. طرد.) You say, جالدهُ بِالسَّيْفِ, (L,) inf. n. مُجَالَدَةٌ (S, A, L) and جِلَادٌ, (A, L,) He contended with him in fight with the sword. (S, * A, L.) And جَالَدُوهُمْ بِالسُّيُوفِ They contended with them in fight with swords. (A.) And جالدوا بِالسُّيُوفِ, (K, TA,) and ↓ تجالدوا (S, A, L, and so in the CK instead of جالدوا) بالسيوف, (S,) and ↓ اجتلدوا, (S, A, L,) They contended, one with another, in fight with swords. (S, A, * L, K.) b2: [See also حَاضَرَهُ.]4 اجلدهُ إِلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He constrained, compelled, or necessitated, him to have recourse to, or betake himself to, him, or it: (so in some copies of the K:) or he made him to stand in need of, or to want, him, or it. (AA, L, and so in some copies of the K and in the TA.) A2: أَجْلَدَتِ الأَرْضُ [or أُجْلِدَت]: and أُجْلِدُوا: see 1.5 تجلّد He affected hardiness, strength, sturdiness, and endurance, or patience; constrained himself to behave with hardiness, &c. (S, * A, * L, K. *) So in the phrase تجلّد لِلشَّامِتِينَ [He constrained himself to behave with hardiness, &c., to those who rejoiced at his misfortune]. (A, TA.) In the phrase تجلّد عَنْهُ [He constrained himself to endure with hardiness and patience the loss, or want, of him, or it], the verb is made trans. by means of عن because it implies the meaning of تَصَبَّرَ. (L.) b2: Also He feigned, or made a show of, hardiness, strength, sturdiness, and endurance, or patience. (L.) 6 تَجَاْلَدَ see 3.8 إِجْتَلَدَ see 3.

A2: اجتلد الإِنَآءَ, (Az, TA,) or مَافِى

الإِنَآءِ, (K,) He drank all that was in the vessel; (Az, K, TA;) as also احتلد. (Az, TA.) جَلْدٌ (sometimes pronounced جَضْدٌ, S) and ↓ جَلِيدٌ, (applied to a man, S, A, Mgh,) Hardy, strong, sturdy, (S, * A, * L, K, *) and enduring, or patient: (L:) not بَلِيد [q. v.]: (Mgh:) pl. [of either] جُلْدٌ, (S, L, K,) or جُلُدٌ, (so in some copies of the K,) and جُلَدَآءُ and أَجْلَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, L, K) and جِلَادٌ. (K.) And [the fem.]

جَلْدَةٌ A hardy and strong she-camel; strong to labour and to journey; that heeds not the cold: and also swift: pl. جَلْدَاتٌ: (L:) and a she-camel that yields a copious flow of milk: (Th, TA:) sing. of جِلَادٌ, (S,) which signifies she-camels abounding with milk; as also مَجَالِيدُ, (K,) pl. of ↓ مِجْلَادٌ; (TA;) or she-camels having neither milk nor young: (K:) [see also جَلَدٌ:] or she-camels that yield the most greasy, or unctuous, sort of milk: and so the sing., جلدة, applied to a ewe or a she-goat. (S.) جِلَادٌ (pl. of جَلْدَةٌ, TA) is also applied to palm-trees, meaning Large, hard, hardy, or strong: (S, K, TA:) or such as are not affected by drought. (TA.) And تَمْرَةٌ جَلْدَةٌ signifies A tough-skinned, excellent, date; as also ↓ جِلْدَةٌ: and a hard, compact, date. (L.) جِلْدٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the only form of the word mentioned by the generality of the lexicographers; (TA;) occurring at the end of a verse with kesr to the second as well as the first letter, ↓ جِلِدٌ, agreeably with a license allowed to a poet in such a case, to give to a quiescent letter in a rhyme the same vowel as that which the preceding letter has; (S;) and ↓ جَلَدٌ, (IAar, S, K,) like شِبْهٌ and شَبَهٌ, and مِثْلٌ and مَثَلٌ; but this is said by ISk to be unknown; (S;) The skin of any animal; (K;) the integument of the body and limbs of an animal: (Az, Msb:) or the exterior of the بَشَرَةٌ [or upper skin] of an animal: (Msb: [but this is a strange explanation:]) pl. جُلُودٌ (S, Msb, K) and (sometimes, Msb) أَجْلَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (Msb, K.) b2: [The pl.] أَجْلَادٌ signifies also, and ↓ تَجَالِيدُ likewise, The body and limbs (S, A, L) of a man; (S;) the whole person, or body and limbs, of a human being; (L, K;) and his self: (L:) so called because enclosed by the skin: pl. of the former, أَجَالِدُ. (L.) You say, مَا أَشْبَهَ

أَجْلَادَهُ بِأَجْلَادِ أَبِيهِ How like are his person and body to the person and body of his father! (L.) And فُلَانٌ عَظِيمُ الأَجْلَادِ and ↓ التَّجَالِيدِ (A, L) Such a one is large and strong (L) in respect of the body and limbs. (A, L.) And رُدُّوا الأَيْمَانَ عَلَى أَجْلَادِهِمْ Repeat ye the oaths to the persons, themselves: occurring in a trad.: said on the occasion of a man's entering among others of whom an oath had been demanded. (L.) b3: الجِلْدُ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The penis. (Fr, L, K: but in the CK, in this sense, it is written الجَلْدُ.) Agreeably with this explanation, its pl. جُلُود is said by Fr to be used in the Kur xli. 20: (L:) or as meaning the pudenda: (L, K:) but ISd holds that this word there means the skins, with which, as in manual operations, acts of disobedience are performed. (L.) جَلَدٌ: see جِلْدٌ. b2: Also The skin of a camel, or other beast, with which another beast is clothed: (L:) the skin of a young camel, which (being stripped off, S) is put over the body of another young camel, in order that the mother of the skinned young one (smelling it, S) may conceive an affection for it [and suckle it]: (S, K:) or the skin of a young camel, which is stuffed with panic grass (ثُمَام), (K, TA,) or some other plant, (TA,) and put before a she-camel, in order that she may be induced thereby to affect that which is not her young one [and so yield her milk], (K, TA,) or, to affect the young one of another. (L, TA.) A2: A ewe or she-goat whose young one dies at the time of her bringing it forth; as also ↓ جَلَدَةٌ: pl. [of the former] جِلَادٌ and [of the latter] جَلَدَاتٌ. (TA.) b2: Also, [as a coll. gen. n.,] Great she-camels, having neither young ones nor milk; n. un. with ة: (S:) [see also جَلْدٌ:] or great camels, among which are no little ones; (K;) n. un. with ة: (TA:) and (app. as a quasipl. n., TA) sheep or goats, and camels, having neither young ones nor milk; (K;) app. meaning having no little ones to which they give such: (Mohammad Ibn-El-Mukarram, TA:) or she-camels having no young ones with them, so that they endure patiently the heat and cold: (Fr, TA:) or she-camels having no milk, and the young ones of which have gone away from them; including what are called بَنَاتُ اللَّبُونِ, and such as are above these in age; and also such as are called مَخَاصٌ, and عِشَارٌ, and حِيَالٌ; but when they have given birth to their young, they cease to be termed جَلَدٌ, and are called عِشَارٌ, and لِقَاحٌ: the pl. is أَجْلَادٌ and [pl. pl.] أَجَالِيدُ. (Az, TA.) A3: Hard ground; as also ↓ أَجْلَدُ: (S:) or hard and level ground; as also ↓ جَلَدَةٌ: (K:) or level but rough ground; (L;) as also ↓ أَجْلَدُ: (TA:) pl. (of the former, TA) أَجْلَادٌ and (of the latter, TA) أَجَالِدُ. (S, TA.) You also say أَرْضٌ جَلَدٌ, with fet-h to the ل; (AHn, TA;) and ↓ جَلْدَةٌ, with a quiescent ل; (Lth, AHn, TA;) and ارض ↓ جَلَدَةٌ also; and مَكَانٌ جَلَدٌ. (Lth, TA.) A4: Also, as a subst. or an inf. n., (L, [see جَلُدَ,]) Hardiness, strength, sturdiness, (S, * A, * L, K, *) and endurance, or patience. (T.) جِلِدٌ: see جِلْدٌ.

جَلْدَةٌ: see جَلَدٌ.

جِلْدَةٌ a more particular term than جِلْدٌ; (S, L;) signifying A piece, or portion, of skin. (L.) b2: One says also جِلْدَةُ العَيْنِ [app. meaning The eyelid]. (TA.) b3: And قَوْمٌ مِنْ جِلْدَتِنَا A people, or company of men, of ourselves, and of our kinsfolk. (TA.) A2: See also جَلْدٌ.

جَلَدَةٌ: see جَلَدٌ, in three places.

جَلِيدٌ A woman flogged with a whip; as also with ة: pl. جَلْدَى and جَلَائِدُ: (Lh, L:) the former pl. thought by ISd to be of the former sing.; and the latter, of the latter. (L.) A2: Hoarfrost, or rime; i. e. dew that falls (S, A, K) from the sky (S) upon the ground (S, A, K) and congeals; (S, K;) also called ضَرِيبٌ and سَقِيطٌ; (S;) like صَقِيعٌ. (Msb.) b2: Congealed, or frozen, water; ice. (TA.) A3: See also جَلْدٌ.

جُلَيْدَةٌ [dim. of جِلْدَةٌ] One of the طَبَقَات [coats, or tunics,] of the eye. (TA.) جُلُودِىٌّ [A dealer in skins;] a rel. n. from جُلُودٌ, pl. of جِلْدٌ. (TA.) جَلَّادٌ One whose office it is to flog others with a whip. (Mgh.) [In the present day, An executioner, in a general sense.]

أَجْلَدُ: see جَلَدٌ, in two places.

تَجَالِيدُ: see جِلْدٌ, in two places.

مِجْلَدٌ A piece of skin which a wailing woman holds in her hand, and with which she slaps (S, K) her face (S) or her cheek: (K:) pl. مَجَالِيدُ; (Kr, K;) or, as ISd thinks, this is pl. of ↓ مِجْلَادٌ [as syn. with مِجْلَدٌ], for مِفْعَلٌ and مِفْعَالٌ are often interchangeable as measures of words of this kind. (TA.) مُجَلَّدٌ Covered with skin: thus applied to a pair of socks, or stockings, meaning having skin put upon the upper and lower parts. (Mgh.) [A book, or portion of a book, bound: b2: and hence, A volume: pl. مُجَلَّدَاتٌ.] b3: A bone covered only by the skin; having nothing remaining on it but the skin. (K.) A2: A horse [rendered hardy and enduring;] that is not frightened by, (K,) or not impatient at, (S, and so in some copies of the K,) being beaten (S, K) with the whip. (TA.) A3: A certain quantity of a burden, or load, of known measure and weight; (K;) six hundred pounds' weight. (IAar, TA in art. بهر.) مُجَلِّدٌ One who binds books, or covers them with skin. (K.) مِجْلَادٌ: see مِجْلَدٌ: A2: and see also جَلْدٌ.

مَجْلُودٌ [Having his skin hit, hurt, or beaten: flogged: &c. : see also جَلِيدٌ].

A2: أَرْضٌ مَجْلُودَةٌ Land affected, or smitten, by hoar-frost, or rime. (S, A, L, Msb, K.) A3: مَجْلُودٌ is also an inf. n. of جَلُدَ [q. v.]. (S, L, K.) مُجْتَلَدٌ A place of contending in fight with swords. (L from a trad.)

جند

2 جنّد جُنُودًا (S, A) He collected, or assembled, جنود [i. e. armies, military forces, &c.]. (A.) 5 تجنّد He took or prepared, for himself, a جُنْد [i. e. an army, a military force, &c.]. (A, TA.) جُنْدٌ [a coll. gen. n.] An army; a military force; a legion; a body of troops or soldiers; (L, K;) a collected body of men prepared for war: (Mgh:) auxiliaries: (S, L, Msb, K:) n. un. ↓ جُنْدِىٌّ [signifying a trooper; a soldier; an auxiliary]; like as رُومِىٌّ is n. un. of رُومٌ: (Msb:) pl. of the former, جُنُودٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb) and [pl. of pauc.] أَجْنَادٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in a trad., ↓ الأَرْوَاحُ جُنُودٌ مُجَنَّدَةٌ (S, A, L) Souls are troops collected together: meaning that they are created of two parties, each party agreeing together, and disagreeing with the other party, like two armies opposed, each to the other. (L.) b2: Also Any kind, or species, of creatures, or created things, regarded as alone, by itself, or apart from others. (K, * TA.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّ لِلّهِ جُنُودًا مِنْهَا العَسَلُ Verily to God belong kinds, or species, of created things [by means of which He effects his purposes as by armies or auxiliaries], of which is honey: (Z, K:) first said by Mo'áwiyeh, when he heard that El-Ashtar had been given to drink some honey containing poison, in consequence of which he died: and used on the occasion of rejoicing at a misfortune that has befallen an enemy: it occurs in the history of El-Mes'oodee thus; إِنَّ لِلّهِ جُنْدًا فِى العَسَلِ. (MF.) b3: Also, [as a term used in Syria, and afterwards by the Arabs from Syria in Spain,] A city [with its territory; i. e. a province, or district]: (K:) or particularly a city of Syria [with its territory]: (AO, TA:) pl. أَجْنَادٌ. (TA.) Syria consists of five اجناد; namely, Dimashk [or Damascus], Hims [or Emessa], Kinnesreen, El-Urdunn [or the Jordan], and Filasteen or Falasteen [or Palestine]: (S, M, A:) they were thus called because the military forces were thence collected. (A.) [See مِخْلَافٌ.]

جُنْدِىٌّ: see جُنْدٌ. b2: Also Of, or relating to, a جُنْد of Syria. (A.) جُنْدٌ مُجَنَّدٌ An army, or a military force, collected. (TA.) See also جُنْدٌ.

جهد

1 جَهَدَ, (S, A, L, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. جَهْدٌ, (TA,) He strove, laboured, or toiled; exerted himself or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability; employed himself vigorously, strenuously, laboriously, diligently, studiously, sedulously, earnestly, or with energy; was diligent, or studious; took pains, or extraordinary pains; (S, A, L, K;) فِى كَذَا in such a thing; (S;) or فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; (A;) as also ↓ اجتهد; (A, K;) and so ↓ جاهد, with respect to speech and actions: (L:) or جَهَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ, aor. and inf. n. as above, he did his utmost, or used his utmost power or efforts or endeavours or ability, in prosecuting the affair: (Msb:) and ↓ اجتهد and ↓ تجاهد he exerted unsparingly his power, or ability: (S, A, K:) or فِى الأَمْرِ ↓ اجتهد he exerted unsparingly his power, or ability, in the prosecution of the affair, so as to effect his utmost. (Msb.) You say also, اِجْهَدْ جَهَدَكَ فِى هذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) Do thine utmost in this affair: (Fr, S, K: *) but not جُهْدَكَ. (Fr, S.) And رَأْيَهُ ↓ اجتهد (tropical:) He took pains, or put himself to trouble or fatigue, to form a right judgment or opinion. (MA.) And رَأْيِى وَنَفْسِى حَتَّى ↓ اِجْتَهَدْتُ بَلَغْتُ مَجْهُودِى (assumed tropical:) I exerted my judgment and my mind so that I attained the utmost of my power, or ability. (T, L.) b2: جَهَدَبِهِ He tried, proved, or examined, him, (L, K,) عَنِ الخَيْرِ وَ غَيْرِهِ [respecting good qualities, &c.]. (L.) A2: جَهَدَهُ, (Mgh, L, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, L,) inf. n. جَهْدٌ, (L, Msb,) It, (an affair, and a disease,) and he, (a man,) affected him severely; harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied, him: (Msb:) it (disease, L and K, and fatigue, and love, L) rendered him lean; emaciated him: (L, K:) he burdened him beyond his power; imposed upon him that which was beyond his power; as also ↓ اجهدهُ: (Mgh:) and, [as also ↓ اجهدهُ,] he importuned him, harassed him, or plied him hard, in asking, begging, or petitioning. (A.) [Hence,] جُهِدَ, said of a man, He was severely affected, harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied: (S, L:) or was grieved, or made sorry or unhappy. (L.) and أَصَابَهُمْ قُحُوطٌ مِنَ المَطَرِ فَجُهِدُوا جَهْدًا شَدِيدًا Drought befell them, and they consequently became severely distressed. (S.) And جُهِدُوا They were, or became, afflicted with drought, barrenness, or dearth; or with drought, and dryness of the earth. (L.) And رَجُلٌ يَجْهَدُ أَنْ يَحْمِلَ سِلَاحَهُ مِنَ الضَّعْفِ, for يَجْهَدُ نَفْسَهُ, A man who imposes upon himself a difficulty, or trouble, or fatigue, or a difficult or severe task, or who strains, or strains himself, in the carrying of his weapons, or arms, by reason of weakness. (Mgh.) And جَهَدَ دَابَّتَهُ and ↓ اجهدها He jaded, harassed, distressed, fatigued, or wearied, his beast; i. q. ↓ بَلَغَ جَهْدَهَا: (K:) or he tasked, or plied, his beast beyond his power in journeying, or marching, or in respect of pace. (S, Msb.) And أَجْهَدْتُهُ عَلَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا [I importuned him, or harassed him, to do such and such things]. (L.) b2: Also, (S, Msb,) aor. as above, (A,) and so the inf. n., (Msb,) (tropical:) He deprived it (namely, milk,) of its butter, (S, A, K,) entirely: (S, K:) or churned it so as to extract its butter and render it sweet and pleasant: or mixed it with water: (Msb:) or diluted it so that it consisted for the most part of water: and in like CCC manner is used in relation to broth. (A.) b3: Hence, (Msb,) جَهَدَهَا (assumed tropical:) He lay with her; or compressed her: (L, Msb, from a trad.:) or i. q. دَفَعَهَا, and حَفَزَهَا [which has a similar meaning]. (L.) b4: جَهَدَ الطَّعَامِ (assumed tropical:) He desired the food eagerly; longed for it; (S, K;) as also ↓ اجهدهُ. (K.) And جُهِدَ الطَّعَامُ and ↓ أُجْهِدَ (assumed tropical:) The food was eagerly desired, or longed for. (S.) b5: Also (tropical:) He ate much of the food: (S, K:) he left nothing of it. (A.) You say also, هٰذَا كَلَأٌ يَجْهَدُهُ المَالُ (assumed tropical:) This is herbage, or pasture, of which the cattle eat perseveringly. (AA, TA.) A3: جَهِدَ It (a state of life) was, or became, hard, difficult, strait, or distressful. (S, K.) 3 جِهَادٌ, inf. n. of جاهد, properly signifies The using, or exerting, one's utmost power, efforts, endeavours, or ability, in contending with an object of disapprobation; and this is of three kinds, namely, a visible enemy, the devil, and one's self; all of which are included in the term as used in the Kur xxii. 77. (Er-Rághib, TA.) See also 1, first sentence. You say, جاهد العَدُوَّ, (JK, A, Mgh,) inf. n. as above (JK, Mgh, K) and مُجَاهَدَةٌ, (JK, K,) He fought with the enemy: (K:) or he encountered the enemy, imposing upon himself difficulty or distress or fatigue, or exerting his power or efforts or endeavours or ability, [or the utmost thereof,] to repel him, his enemy doing the like: and hence جاهد came to be used by the Muslims to signify generally he fought, warred, or waged war, against unbelievers and the like. (Mgh.) You say also, جاهد فِى سَبِيلِ اللّٰهِ, inf. n. جِهَادٌ (S, Msb) and مُجَاهَدَةٌ, (S,) [He fought, &c., in the way of God; i. e., in the cause of religion.]4 اجهد, as trans.: see 1, in six places. b2: Also He made, or incited, another, to strive or labour or toil, to exert himself or his power or efforts or endeavours or ability, &c.; trans. of 1 in the first of the senses assigned to it above. (JK.) b3: أُجْهِدَ He was thrown into a state of difficulty, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, or fatigue. (L.) b4: اجهد مَالَهُ He consumed, or wasted, and dispersed, his property: (K:) or gave it away, and dispersed it, altogether, here and there. (En-Nadr, TA.) A2: As intrans., He (an enemy) strove, laboured, or exerted himself, in enmity, (K, TA,) عَلَيْنَا against us. (TA.) b2: He acted with energy, or with the utmost energy: so in the phrases سَارَ فَأَجْهَدَ He marched, or journeyed, and did so with energy, or with the utmost energy; and حَلَفَ بِاللّٰهِ فَأَجْهَدَ He swore by God, and did so with energy, &c.: in which cases one should not say فَجَهَدَ. (Aboo-' Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, L.) b3: He took the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, and sound judgment, فِى الأَمْرِ in the affair; syn. اِحْتَاطَ. (L, K.) b4: He became in a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, or fatigue. (L.) b5: (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) became mixed, or confused. (K.) A3: He entered upon land such as is termed جَهَاد: he went forth into the desert; and into the plain, or open country. (JK.) b2: It rose up; rose into view; appeared. (JK.) You say, اجهد لِىَ القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, came within my sight, or view; syn. أَشْرَفُوا. (AA, K.) And اجهد فِيهِ الشَّيْبُ Hoariness appeared upon him, and became much: (TA:) or (tropical:) became much, and spread: (A:) or became much, and was quick in its progress, (K, TA,) and spread. (TA.) And أَجْهَدَتْ لَهُ الأَرْضُ The land became open to him. (L, K. *) And in like manner, اجهد له الطَّرِيقُ, (L,) and الحَقُّ, (L, K, *) The road, and (assumed tropical:) the truth, became open, apparent, and manifest, to him. (L, K. *) And اجهد لَكَ الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) The thing became, or has become, within thy power, or reach; (Aboo-Sa'eed, K;) and offered, or presented, itself to thee. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) 6 تَجَاْهَدَ see 1.8 إِجْتَهَدَ see 1, in five places. b2: اِجْتِهَادٌ as a conventional term means A lawyer's exerting the faculties [of the mind] to the utmost, for the purpose of forming an opinion in a case of law [respecting a doubtful and difficult point]: (KT:) the seeking to form a right opinion: (KL:) [investigation of the law, or the working out a solution of any difficulty in the law, by means of reason and comparison: and] the referring a case proposed to the judge, [respecting a doubtful and difficult point,] from the method of analogy, to the Kur-Án and the Sunneh. (L, TA. *) جَهْدٌ Power; ability; as also ↓ جُهْدٌ; (S, A, IAth, L, Msb, K;) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, and the former of other dials.; (Msb;) and ↓ مَجْهُودٌ: (A:) جهد in the Kur ix. 80 is read both جَهْد and ↓ جُهد: (S:) and جَهْدٌ signifies also labour, toil, exertion, effort, endeavour, energy, diligence, painstaking, or extraordinary painstaking: (L: [see جَهَدَ:]) or ↓ جُهْدٌ has the signification first mentioned above, (Fr, S, IAth, Msb,) and جَهْدٌ, with fet-h, is from اِجْهَدْ جَهْدَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ, (Fr, S,) or from جَهَدَ فِى الأَمْرِ, being an inf. n. from this verb, (Msb,) and signifies, [as also ↓ مَجْهُودٌ,] one's utmost; the utmost of one's power or ability or efforts or endeavours or energy. (Fr, S, IAth, Msb, K.) You say, بَذَلَ الجَهْدَ, (Msb in art. بلغ, &c.,) and ↓ المَجْهُودَ, (S, A,) or جَهْدَهُ, (Mgh,) [and ↓ مَجْهُودَهُ,] He exerted unsparingly his power or ability: (Mgh:) [or his utmost power or ability or efforts or endeavours or energy; as shown above.] And بَلَغَ جَهْدَهُ, (A, L,) and ↓ مَجْهُودَهُ, (A,) He accomplished the utmost of his power or ability; did his utmost. (A, L. [Like جَهَدَ جَهْدَهُ. See also بَلَغَ جَهْدَ دَابَّتِهِ, below.]) And ↓ جُهَيْدَى is syn. with جَهْدٌ; (K;) as in the saying, لَأَبْلُغَنَّ جُهَيْدَاىَ فِى الأَمْرِ (JK, TK,) i. e. I will assuredly accomplish the utmost of my power, or ability, in the affair. (TK. [In a copy of the A, جُهَيْدَاكَ; and so in the TA, I believe from that same copy.]) [So, too, is ↓ جُهَادَى; as in the saying,] جُهَادَاكَ

أَنْ تَفْعَلَ The utmost of thy power, or ability, and the utmost of thy case, is, or will be, thy doing [such a thing]; syn. قُصَارَاكَ [q. v.], (JK, K,) and غَايَةُ أَمْرِكَ. (TA.) الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا بِاللّٰهِ جَهْدَ

أَيْمَانِهِمْ, in the Kur [v. 58, &c.], means Who swore by God with the most energetic of their oaths: (K, * Jel:) or the strongest, or most forcible, of their oaths; جهد being originally an inf. n., and in the accus. as a denotative of state with يَجْهَدُونَ understood before it, or as an inf. n. (Bd.) b2: Also Difficulty, or grievousness; embarrassment, distress, affliction, trouble, inconvenience, fatigue, or weariness; (S, A, IAth, Mgh, Msb, K;) so accord. to some who say that ↓ جُهْدٌ, with damm, has the first of the significations assigned to it above; (Msb;) as also ↓ مَجْهُودٌ: (Mgh:) a disease, or difficulty, that distresses or afflicts, a man; as also ↓ جُهْدٌ. (JK.) Hence, جَهْدُ البَلَآءِ, (Msb,) i. e. A state of difficulty, or trouble, to which death is preferred: or largeness of one's family, or household, combined with poverty. (L, K. *) [Hence also,] بَلَغَ جَهْدَ دَابَّتِهِ, [i. e. بَلَغَ مَشَقَّتَهَا,] i. q. جَهَدَهَا: see 1. (K.) b3: Also Small provision, upon which a man possessing little property can live (JK, L) with difficulty. (L.) And جَهْدٌ المُقِلِّ What a man who possesses little property can afford to give in payment of the poor-rate required by the law. (L, from a trad.) جُهْدٌ: see جَهْدٌ, in five places.

A2: Also Milk mixed [with water: see مَجْهُودٌ]. (JK.) جَهَادٌ Hard land: (JK, S:) or land in which is no herbage: (TA:) or hard land in which is no herbage: (K:) or level, or even, land: or rugged land: also used as an epithet; so that you say أَرْضٌ جَهَادٌ: (TA:) or level, smooth land, in which is no hill: (JK:) or the most plain and even of land, whether it have produced herbage or not, not having any mountain or hill near it: and such is what is termed a صَحْرَآء: (ISh, TA:) or an open tract of land: (Fr, TA:) or sterile, barren, or unfruitful, land, in which is nothing; as also جَمَادٌ: pl. جُهُدٌ. (AA, L.) A2: Also The fruit of the أَرَاك; (IAar, K;) and so جَهَاضٌ. (IAar, TA.) مَرْعًى جَهِيدٌ (tropical:) Pasture much eaten by cattle. (S, A, K.) And أَرْضٌ جَهِيدَةُ الكَلَأِ (tropical:) Land of which the herbage is much eaten by cattle. (A.) جُهَادَى: see جَهْدٌ.

جُهَيْدَى: see جَهْدٌ.

جَاهِدٌ [Striving, labouring, or toiling; &c.: see 1. Hence,] سَيْرُنَا جَاهِدٌ [Our journeying is laborious]. (TA in art. اخو.) And جَهْدٌ جَاهِدٌ [Intense labour or exertion, or the like: or severe difficulty or distress &c.]: an intensive expression, (K, TA,) like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ and لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) Eagerly desiring [food]; longing for [it]: (JK, S:) pl. أَجْهَادٌ. (JK.) b3: غَرْثَانُ جَاهِدٌ (tropical:) Hungry and greedy, leaving no food. (A.) مُجْهَدٌ A man thrown into a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, inconvenience, trouble, or fatigue. (L.) هُوَ مُجْهَدُ لَكَ He is one who takes the course prescribed by prudence, precaution, or sound judgment, for thee; syn. مُحْتِيطٌ. (L.) and نَصِيحٌ مُجْهِدٌ A sincere, or faithful, and careful, adviser, or counsellor. (L.) b2: رَجُلٌ مُجْهِدٌ A man in a state of difficulty, embarrassment, distress, affliction, inconvenience, trouble or fatigue: possessing little property; poor. (L.) b3: And A man whose beast is weak by reason of fatigue. (L.) مَجْهُودٌ Severely affected, harassed, embarrassed, distressed, afflicted, troubled, inconvenienced, fatigued, or wearied: (S, Mgh, L:) distressed, or afflicted, by disease or difficulty: (JK:) afflicted with drought, barrenness, or dearth; or with drought, and dryness of the earth: (L:) and angry. (JK.) b2: A hard, difficult, strait, or distressful, state of life. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) Milk deprived of its butter (S, A) entirely: (S:) or mixed with water: (Msb:) or diluted so as to consist for the most part of water; and in like manner, broth: (A:) or churned so that its butter is extracted and it is rendered sweet and pleasant: and used as meaning eagerly desired, or longed for, and drunk without its occasioning disgust, by reason of its sweetness and pleasantness: (Msb:) or eagerly desired, or longed for; and so food in general: (JK, L:) or eagerly desired, or longed for, and drunk with perseverance, on account of its pleasantness and sweetness. (L.) A2: See also جَهْدٌ, in six places.