سقف

1 سَقَفَ البَيْتَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) or ـَ (K, [but this is app. a mistake, being anomalous,]) inf. n. سَقْفٌ, (S, O, Mgh,) He made a سَقْف [i. e. ceiling, or roof,] to the house or chamber or tent; [he ceiled it, or roofed it;] (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اسقفهُ; (Msb;) and ↓ سقّفهُ, inf. n. تَسْقِيفٌ; (O, K;) or this last has an intensive signification. (Msb.) A2: سَقِفَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. سَقَفٌ, He was, or became, tall, and bent, or bowed; said of a man, and of an ostrich, &c. (TA.) A3: See also 5.2 سَقَّفَ see 1.

A2: سُقِفَ, inf. n. تَسْقِيفٌ, He was made an أُسْقُفّ [i. e. a bishop]. (O, K.) 4 أَسْقَفَ see 1.5 تسقّف He became an أُسْقُفّ [i. e. a bishop]; (O, K;) as also ↓ سقف [app. سَقَفَ], inf. n. سِقِّيفَى

[like خِلِيفَى inf. n. of خَلَفَ]. (TK.) سَقْفٌ The ceiling, roof, or covering, (JK, MA, PS,) of a house or chamber or tent; (JK, S, MA, K, PS;) as also ↓ سَقِفٌ; (K;) so called because of its height, and the tallness of its wall [or walls]: (TA:) pl. of the former سُقُوفٌ and سُقُفٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the latter pl. on the authority of Akh, (S,) extr., (Msb,) or, accord. to Fr, this is pl. of ↓ سَقِيفٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) or, accord. to Fr, it may be a pl. pl., i. e. you may say سَقْفٌ and سُقُوفٌ and [then] سُقُفٌ [as pl. of سُقُوفٌ], (TA,) and سُقْفٌ [also] is a pl. of سَقْفٌ. (Ham p. 227.) [In the Kur xliii. 32,] Aboo-Jaafar read سَقْفًا مِنْ فِضَّةٍ; with fet-h: (TA:) others read سُقُفًا: (S, TA:) in the former reading, it is a sing. denoting a pl. meaning; i. e., “we would have made to the house of every one of them a سَقْف of silver. ” (TA.) b2: [Hence,] The sky, or heaven: (S, K:) this is called سَقْفُ الأَرْضِ [the ceiling, or roof, of the earth]: of the masc. gender: occurring in the Kur xxi. 33 and lii. 5. (TA.) A2: Also, applied to the لَحْى [or part on which the beard grows] Long, and flaccid, or pendulous; syn. طَوِيلٌ مُسْتَرْخٍ. (S, K.) A3: See also أُسْقُفٌّ.

سُقْفٌ: see أُسْقُفٌّ.

A2: Also a pl. of سَقْفٌ [q. v.: perhaps a contraction of سُقُفٌ]. (Ham p. 227.) سَقَفٌ Tallness, with a bending, or bowing: (S, K:) it is in a man, (S,) [and] in an ostrich &c. (K.) [See 1, second sentence.]

السُّقَفَآءَ in the saying of El-Hajjáj, إِيَّاىَوَهٰذِهِ

ألسُّقَفَآءَ [Beware ye of me with respect to these سقفاء], (S, K, * TA,) is [said to be] a word of which the meaning is unknown: (S:) KT says, “ I have asked often respecting it, and no one knew it: ” but accord. to Z, as is related by IAth, (TA,) it is said to be a mistranscription for الشُّفَعَآء, (K, * TA,) pl. of شَفِيعٌ; (TA;) for they used to assemble in the presence of the Sultán and intercede for him who was suspected, (K, TA,) and for criminals; and he [i. e. El-Hajjáj] forbade their doing that. (TA.) سَقِيفٌ: see سَقْفٌ, in two places: b2: and see also the paragraph here following, in two places.

سَقِيفَةٌ A صُفَّة, (S, Msb, K, TA,) or the like, (TA,) [i. e. a roof, or covering,] such as projects [over the door of a house], (TA,) [or of which the ends of the beams rest upon opposite houses; i. e.] a ظُلَّة; [often applied in the present day to a roofed, or covered, portion of a street or the like;] and any wing or porch or other thing [of a building] that is roofed over: (Msb:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ: (TA:) pl. سَقَائِفُ (Msb) and [coll. gen. n.]

↓ سَقِيفٌ. (MA.) b2: Any broad piece of wood, such as a plank, or a broad piece of stone, with which one may form a roof (O, K, TA) to the lurking-place of a hunter &c. (O, TA.) and [the pl.] سَقَائِفُ signifies The طوايق [app. a mistranscription for طَوَابِق, and, if so, meaning, agreeably with a modern usage, flat stones covering a hollow such as that] of the lurking-place of the hunter. (TA.) [And The pieces of wood which form the roof of the kind of vehicle called مَحْمِل: see عَارِضَةٌ: and see also خُذْرُوفٌ.] b3: (tropical:) A plank [app. of the deck] of a ship or boat: (S, K, TA:) pl. as above. (S, TA.) b4: (tropical:) A single cranial bone of the head of the camel: (Ibn-'Abbád, K, TA:) the cranial bones being termed سَقَائِفُ الرَّأْسِ. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) A single rib of a camel: (K, TA:) its ribs being termed سَقَائِفُ (Az, Z, O, TA) and ↓ سَقِيفٌ. (O, TA.) One says, هَدَمَ السَّفَرُ سَقَائِفَ البَعِيرِ [Travel disjointed, or luxated,] the ribs of the camel. (Az, Z, TA.) b6: Also (tropical:) A splint; i. e. a piece of wood with which a bone is set, or reduced from a fractured state: (O, K, TA:) pl. as above. (O, TA.) b7: And A broad and long piece of wood, which is put, or laid down, and upon which are wound the mats of reeds (البَوَارِىّ) above the house-tops of the people of El-Basrah. (TA. [See also سَفِيقَةٌ.]) b8: And (assumed tropical:) Any piece of gold, and of silver, that is beaten thin and long. (TA. [See, again, سَفِيقَةٌ.]) سَقَّافٌ One whose occupation is the construction of ceilings or roofs (سُقُوف). (TA.) سِقِيفَى [and ↓ أُسْقُفِــيَّةٌِ or أُسْقُفِــيَّةٌ] The office of an أُسْقُفّ [i. e. of a bishop]. (K, * O, TA.) [See also 5.]

أَسْقَفُ Tall, and bent, or bowed; (S, K;) applied to a man, (S, TA,) and to an ostrich, &c.; (K, TA;) as also with damm, (K,) i. e. ↓ اُسْقُفٌ: (TA:) fem. سَقْفَآءُ, (K,) mentioned by IB as an epithet applied to a female ostrich: (TA:) and hence the ↓ أُسْقُفّ of the Christians, (S, K,) accord. to ISk [and others ignorant of its true derivation], because he affects lowliness. (S.) And, applied to a man, [simply,] Tall; (K;) likened to the سَقْف [or ceiling, or roof,] in height; (TA;) and so ↓ مُسَقَّفٌ: (O, K:) or thick and big in the bones: (K:) and [simply] bent, or bowed: (TA:) and, applied to an ostrich, crooked in the neck (K, TA) and the legs: (TA:) fem. as above; (K;) which is applied to a female ostrich as meaning long and crooked in the legs: (O:) or to a she-camel as meaning long in the hind legs, and in like manner applied to a she-ostrich. (JK.) b2: And, applied to a camel, Having no fur upon him. (K.) أُسْقُفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: b2: and the next following also.

أُسْقُفٌّ and ↓ أُسْقُفٌ, (S, Msb, K,) as also ↓ سَقْفٌ (K) and ↓ سَقْفٌ, (TA,) [each a variation of] a foreign word used by the Arabs, (TA,) [from the Greek ἐπίσκοπος, A bishop; i. e.] a headman of the Christians (S, Msb, K) in religion; (S, K;) or [more exactly] one who is above the قِسِيس [i. e. presbyter, or priest], and below the مَطْرَان [or metropolitan]: (K:) or one who is learned (K, TA) in their religion: (TA:) or a king who affects lowliness in his gait: (K: [a very strange explanation:]) pl. أَسَاقِفَةٌ (Msb, K) and أَسَاقِفُ. (K.) See also أَسْقَفُ.

أُسْقُفِــيَّةٌ or أُسْقُفِــيَّةٌ: see سِقِيفَى.

مُسَقَّفٌ Wide in the bone [or bones] of the body. (JK.) b2: See also أَسْقَفُ.

شَعَرٌ مُسَقْفَفٌ, (K accord. to the TA,) or ↓ مُسْتَقِفٌّ, (so in several copies of the K,) or both, (TK,) Hair that is raised, and shaggy, or dishe-velled, or disordered. (K.) مُسْتَقِفُّ: see what next precedes.

جلس

1 جَلَسَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (A, K,) inf. n. جُلُوسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ مَجْلَسٌ, (S, A, K,) He placed his seat, or posteriors, upon rugged [or rather elevated] ground, such as is termed جَلْسٌ: this is the primary signification: (TA:) [and hence,] He sat; i. q. قَعَدَ [when the latter is used in its largest sense]: (Msb, and so S and L and A and K in art. قعد:) you say, جَلَسَ مُتَرَبِّعًا and قَعَدَ مُتَرَبِّعًا [He sat cross-legged]: (Msb:) accord. to El-Fárábee and others, contr. of قَامَ; and thus it has a more common application than قَعَدَ [when the latter is used in its most proper and restricted sense]: (Msb:) but قَعَدَ also signifies the contr. of قَامَ: ('Orweh Ibn-Zubeyr, L in art. قعد:) properly speaking, جَلَسَ differs from قَعَدَ; the former signifying he sat up; or sat after sleeping, or prostration, (Msb,) or after lying on his side; (B, TA;) and the latter, he sat down; or sat after standing: (Msb, B, TA: and see other authorities to the same effect in art. قعد:) for جُلُوسٌ is a change of place from low to high, and قُعُودٌ is a change of place from high to low: and one says, جَلَسَ مُتَّكِئًا, but not قَعَدَ مُتَّكِئًا, meaning [He sat] leaning, or reclining, upon one side: (Msb:) but both these verbs sometimes signify he was, or became: and thus, [it is said,] جَلَسَ مُتَرَبِّعًا and فَعَدَ مُتَرَبِّعًا signify he was, or became, cross-legged: and جَلَسَ بَيْنَ شُعَبِهَا الأَرْبَعِ in like manner signifies he was, or became, [between her four limbs,] (El-Fárábee, Msb,) because the man, in this case, is resting upon his own four limbs. (Msb.) [جَلَسَ مَعَهُ and جَلَسَ إِلَيْهِ, like خَلَا معه and خلا اليه, signify the same; i. e. He sat with him: or the latter, he sat by him; like “ assedit ei. ”] An instance of the inf. n. مَجْلَسٌ is found in a trad., in which it is said, فَإِذَا أَتَيْتُمْ إِلَى المَجْلِسِ فَأَعْطُوا الطَّرِيقَ حَقَّهُ [But when ye come to sitting, perform ye the duties relating to the road]. (TA.) [The trad. commences thus: إِيَّاكُمْ وَالجُلُوسَ عَلَى الطُّرُقَاتِ Beware ye of sitting on the roads: and then, after the words before cited, (in which, however, in my copy of the Jámi' es-Sagheer, instead of المجلس, I find المَجَالِسِ, which is pl. of المَجْلِسُ,) it is added that the duties thus alluded to are the lowering of the eyes, the putting away or aside what is hurtful or annoying, the returning of salutations, the enjoining of that which is good, and the forbidding of that which is evil.] b2: جَلَسَتِ الرَّخَمَةُ (tropical:) The aquiline vulture lay upon its breast on the ground; syn. جَثَمَت: a saying applied to him who is of the seceders. (A, TA.) [See also قَعَدَ.] b3: جَلَسَ also signifies (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, as, for instance, a plant,) remained, or continued. (AHn, TA.) b4: Also, (aor.

جَلِسَ, inf. n. جَلْسٌ, TA,) He came to الجَلْس, (TA,) or [the high country called] Nejd: (T, S, A, TA:) and in like manner said of a cloud; it came to Nejd. (TA.) 3 جالسهُ, inf. n. مُجَالَسَةٌ and جِلَاسٌ, [He sat with him.] (TA.) You say, لَا تُجَالِسْ مَنْ لَا تُجَانِسْ [Sit not with him with whom thou wilt not be congenial]. (A, TA.) And كَرِيمُ النِّحَاسِ طَيِّيبُ الجِلَاسِ [Generous in origin, or disposition; pleasant to sit with;] is said of a man. (TA.) 4 اجلسهُ [He seated him; made him to sit: or he made him to sit up]: (S, K, TA:) he gave him place, or settled him, (مَكَّنَهُ,) in sitting. (TA.) 6 تجاسلوا [They sat together; one with another;] (S, A, TA;) فِى المَجَالِسِ [in the sittingplaces]. (S.) 10 استجلسهُ [He asked him, or desired him, to sit: or to sit up.]. You say, رَآنِى قَائِمًا فَاسْتَجْلَسَنِى

[He saw me standing, and he asked me, or desired me, to sit]: (A, TA:) but this is at variance with what we have mentioned in the beginning of the art., respecting the distinction [between جَلَسَ and قَعَدَ]. (TA.) جَلْسٌ Rugged ground or land: (S, K:) this is the primary signification. (TA.) b2: [Also, app., Elevated ground or land:] a place elevated and hard: or, as some say, a tract of land extending widely. (Ham p. 688.) b3: [And hence,] الجَلْسُ What is elevated above the غَوْر [or low country]: (TA:) applied especially to the country of Nejd. (T, S, M, K.) A2: [Persons sitting: or sitting up:] a quasi-pl. n., accord. to Sb, or a pl., accord. to Akh, of ↓ جَالِسٌ: said to be used as sing. and pl. and fem. and masc.; but this assertion is of no account: (ISd, L:) or the people of a مَجْلِس: (Lh, ISd, L, K:) [↓ جُلُوسٌ is also a pl. of ↓ جَالِسٌ; like as بُكِىٌّ, originally بُكُوىٌ, is of بَاكِ: or it is an inf. n. used as an epithet: see جَاثٍ:)] you say قَوْمٌ جُلُوسٌ [a company of men sitting: or sitting up]. (S.) [See also مَجْلِسٌ.] b2: Also A woman who sits in the فِنَآء [or court of the house], not quitting it: (K:) or she who is of noble rank (K, TA) among her people. (TA.) جِلْسٌ: see جَلِيسٌ, in two places.

جَلْسَةٌ A single sitting: or sitting up. (Msb.) جِلْسَةٌ A mode or manner, (TA,) kind, (Msb,) or state, (S, A, Msb,) of sitting: or of sitting up. (S, * A, * Msb, K. *) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الجِلْسَةِ [He has a good mode, &c., of sitting]. (A, Msb, K.) جُلَسَةٌ A man (S) who sits much; sedentary. (S, K.) جُلُوسٌ: see جَلْسٌ.

جَلِيسٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ جِلِّيسٌ (TA, as found in a copy of the K, [but this is an intensive form,]) and ↓ جِلْسٌ (S, A, K) A companion with whom one sits: (A, Msb, K:) fem. of the first with ة: (TA:) and pl. [of the same] جُلَسَآءُ (A, K) and [irreg., being by rule pl. of جَالِسٌ,] جُلَّاسٌ. (K.) You say, ↓ هُوَ جِلْسِى and جَلِيسِى [He is my companion with whom I sit]; like as you say, هُوَ خِدْنِى and خَدِينِى. (S.) جِلِّيسٌ: see جَلِيسٌ.

جَالِسٌ: see جَلْسٌ, in two places. b2: Also A man, and a cloud, coming to [the high country called] Nejd. (TA.) You say, رَأَيْتُهُمْ يَعْدُونَ جَالِسِينَ I saw them running, coming to Nejd. (A, TA.) مَجْلَسٌ: see 1: b2: and see مَجْلِسٌ.

مَجْلِسٌ A sitting-place; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ with ة; (Fr, Lh, Sgh, K;) similar to مَكَانٌ and مَكَانَةٌ: (Sgh, TA:) [a place where persons sit together and converse; a sitting-room:] a thing upon which one sits: (MF:) some make a strange distinction between مَجْلِسٌ and ↓ مَجْلَسٌ, asserting the former to be applied to the chamber or house (بَيْت) [in which people sit]; and the latter, to a place of honour upon which it is forbidden to sit without permission; but the former is the only correct form of the two: (MF, TA:) pl. مَجَالِسُ. (S, Msb.) You say, اُرْزُنْ فِى مَجْلِسِكَ and ↓ مَجْلِسَتِكَ [Be thou grave] in thy sitting-place. (Fr, Sgh.) b2: (tropical:) The people of a مَجْلِس; (Msb, TA;) elliptical, for أَهْلُ مَجْلِسٍ: (TA:) an assembly, or a company of men, sitting [together]: (Th, TA:) not well explained as being, with the article ال, syn. with النَّاسُ: (TA:) persons sitting, or sitting up. (A, TA.) [See also جَلْسٌ.] You say, اِنْفَضَّ المَجْلِسُ (assumed tropical:) [The assembly of persons sitting together broke up]. (Msb.) And رَأَيْتُهُمْ مَجْلِسًا I saw them sitting. (A, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) An oration or a discourse, or an exhortation, (خُطْبَةٌ أَوْ عِظَةٌ,) delivered in a مَجْلِس; like مَقَامَةٌ. (Mtr, in the Preface to Har.) b4: It is also used in the same manner as حَضْرَة and جَنَاب: you say مَجْلِسُ فُلَانٍ

[meaning (assumed tropical:) The object of resort, with whom others sit and converse, such a one]; like حَضْرَةُ فُلَانٍ. (Kull p. 146.) [See arts. حضر and جنب. But this usage I believe to be post-classical.] b5: [Also (assumed tropical:) A stool; meaning, an evacuation. So in medical books.]

مَجْلِسَةٌ: see مَجْلِسٌ, in two places.

ر

أس1 رَأَسَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA, [in a copy of the M رَاُ^َ,]) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S) hit, or hurt, his head. (S, M, K.) b2: رَأَسْتُهُ بِالعَصَى I struck his head with the staff, or stick. (A.) b3: رَأَسَهُ البِرْسَامُ The disease called برسام affected, or overcame, (أَخَذَ,) his head. (A.) [And hence,] رُئِسَ, (M, A,) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M,) His (a man's) head was, or became, affected, or overcome, by the disease called برسام, or otherwise: (A:) or he had a complaint of his head. (M, TA.) A2: رَأَسَ القَوْمَ, (S, M, A,) and رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (M,) aor. ـَ (S, M,) inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (S, M, A,) (tropical:) He was, or became, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of, or over, the people; he headed them; (M, A; *) he was, or became, their superior, (M.) [See also 5.]

b2: Also رَأَسَ, alone, aor. ـَ inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, high in rank or condition. (Msb.) b3: And, with the same aor. and inf. n., (tropical:) He strove for رِئَاسَة [or headship, or command,] (زَاحَمَ عَلَيْهَا,) and desired it. (IAar, TA.) 2 رأّس الضَّبُّ الأَفْعَى The [lizard called] ضبّ turned his head towards the viper, or met the viper head-foremast, in coming forth from his hole: for the viper comes to the hole of the ضبّ, and hunts after it, and sometimes the latter comes forth with its head towards the former, and is said to be مَرَئِّس: and sometimes a man hunts after the ضبّ, and puts a stick into the mouth of its hole, and it imagines it to be a viper, and comes forth head-foremost or tail-foremost, i. e., مُرَئِّسًا أَوْ مُذَنِّبًا. (TA.) A2: [The verb is also used intransitively, as meaning It (a ضَبّ) put its head foremost in coming forth from its hole: contr. of ذَنَّبَ.]

A3: رَأَّسْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيسٌ, (tropical:) I made, or appointed, him رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king], (S, K,) عَلَى القَوْمِ over the people. (S, TA.) And رَأَّسُوهُ عَلَىأَنْفُسِهِمْ, (M, A,) seen by Az, in the book of Lth, written رَوَّسُوهُ, but the former is the regular form, (TA,) (tropical:) They made him head, chief, commander, &c., over themselves. (M, A.) 5 ترأّس عَلَىالقَوْمِ (tropical:) He became made, or appointed, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, over the people; (S, M, A;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ارتأس: (S:) or both signify [like رَأَسَ على القوم,] he was, or became, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.] (K, TA) over the people. (TA.) 8 ارتأس الشَّىْءَ He, or it, became mounted, or fixed, upon the head of the thing. (M, TA. *) In the saying, يَرْتَاسُ السِّنَانَ فَيُقْتَلُ [He becomes fixed upon the point of the spear-head, and is slain], in a verse cited by Th, يَرْتَاسُ is for يَرْتَئِسُ. (M.) A2: See also 5.

A3: ارتأس زَيْدًا He took Zeyd by the neck, and lowered it to, or towards, the ground. (K, from the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ”) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He occupied Zeyd so as to divert his attention: (K, from the same:) and اِكْتَاسَهُ and اِرْتَكَسَهُ and اِعْتَكَسَهُ also signify the same [app. in the former sense, or perhaps in both senses.] (TA, from the same.) رَأْسٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) generally with ء, except in the dial. of Benoo-Temeem, who constantly suppress the ء, (Msb,) [The head of a man and of any animal;] a certain part of an animal, (Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) masc., (Msb, TA,) by common consent: (TA:) and (K) the highest or uppermost part, or top, or summit, (M, A, K,) of a thing, (M,) or of anything; (A, K;) as, for instance, of a mountain, &c.; (the Lexicons, passim;) and the upper, or uppermost, part of a valley: (TA: see رَائِسٌ:) pl. (of pauc., S, TA) أَرْؤُسٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by transposition, آرُسٌ, (M, TA, * [originally أَأْرُسٌ, in the L, erroneously, أاراس,]) and (of mult., S, TA) رُؤُوسُ, (S, M, Msb, K, [by some carelessly written رُؤُسٌ, and by some, allowably, رُؤُسٌ,]) which is not transposed, and رُوْسٌ, which is elliptical. (M, TA.) A poet uses the pl. for the dual, saying, رُؤُوسُ كَبِيرَيْهِنَّ يَنْتَطِحَانِ [The heads of the two great ones, or old ones, of them, smite each other with their horns]. (M.) b2: أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ: see أُمٌّ. b3: يَوْمُ الرُّؤُوسِ [The day of the heads] is applied by the people of Mekkeh to the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ, because then they eat the heads of the animals sacrificed. (A, TA.) b4: أَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He kissed his head: a metonymical phrase. (TA.) b5: رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ مِنْهُ فِى الرَّأْسِ [lit., Such a one was shot by him in the head; meaning,] (assumed tropical:) he turned away from him, and did not look towards him nor pay any regard or attention to him, and deemed him troublesome. (S, TA.) You say also, رُمِيتُ مِنْكَ فِى الرَّأْسِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) Thou hast an evil opinion of me (S, K) so that thou canst not look towards me. (S.) b6: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ: see art. ركب. b7: وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا عَلَى رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) She brought forth her children one after, or near after, another. (IAar, M.) In like manner you say, وُلِدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ رَأْسًا عَلَى إِثْرِ رَأْسٍ, (M,) or رَأْسًا عَلَى رَأْسٍ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He had three children born to him one after, or near after, another. (M, TA.) And اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا الشَّىْءَ رَأْسًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou this thing to be [uniform, or] of one way, or mode, or manner. (ISK, TA in art. بأج.) b8: عِنْدِى رَأْسُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (tropical:) [I have one head of sheep or goats]: and عِدَّةٌ مِنْ

أَرْؤُسٍ (tropical:) [a number of head thereof]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of' Omar, وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ (tropical:) And make ye the one head two head, by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh in art. فرق.) And you say, فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts]. (S in art. ربط.) b9: أَعْطِنِى رَأْسًا مِنْ ثُومٍ وَ سِنًّا مِنْهُ (tropical:) [Give thou to me a head of garlic, and a clove thereof]: and كَمْ فِى رَأْسِكَ مِنْ سِنِّ (tropical:) [How many cloves are there in thy head of garlic?]. (A, TA.) b10: رَأْسٌ also signifies The extremity of a thing: or, as some say, the end, or last, thereof. (MF. TA.) b11: [A head, head-land, cape, or promontory.] b12: The hilt of a sword; (A;) and so ↓ رِئَاسٌ; (S, M, K; [in a copy of the A رِيَاسَةٌ;]) or this signifies its pommel, (Sgh, K,) more correctly; (Sgh;) and is also written رِيَاسٌ, but whether for رِئَاسٌ or originally with ى is doubtful. (M.) [From the first of the above-mentioned significations arise several others, which are tropical. b13: Hence, الرَّأْسُ وَالذَّنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The two nodes of a planet: see تِنِّينٌ. b14: Hence likewise,] رَأْسٌ is also (tropical:) syn. with رَئِيسٌ, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) You say, مَا أُرِيدُهُ رَأْسًا (tropical:) [I do not desire him as a رئيس, i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., رَأْسُ الكُفْرِ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ (tropical:) [The head, or leader, of infidelity is from the direction of the place of sunrise]: indicating that Ed-Dejjál or some other of the heads of error will come forth in the east. (TA.) b15: رَأْسُ المَالِ (tropical:) The capital, or principal, of property. (Msb, K.) [Hence the saying,] أَقْرَضَتْنِى عَشَرَةً بِرَؤُوسِهَا (tropical:) She lent me ten [pieces of money] as a loan whereof the principal was to be repaid without interest. (Mgh, TA. *) b16: القَافِيَةُ الرأْسُ البَيْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The rhyme is the principal, or most essential, part of the verse]: said by one of the tribe of' Okeyl, to IJ. (M.) b17: رَأْسُ الدِّينِ الخَشْيَةُ (tropical:) [The principal part, or the beginning, of religion is fear of God]. (A, TA.) b18: رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning of the month. (Msb.) [And in like manner, رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning, or first day, of the year.] b19: رَأْسُ الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) or ↓ رِئَاس, (so in the CK,) [both correct, as will be seen from what follows,] (tropical:) The beginning of the affair; the first thereof. (K, TA.) b20: أَعِدْ عَلَىَّ كَلَامَكَ مِنْ رَأْسٍ, (S, M,) and مِنَ الرَّأْسِ, but this is less common, (M,) or is a vulgar phrase, not allowable, (S,) (tropical:) [Repeat thou to me thy speech from the beginning:] said by a person to one talking to him. (TA.) One also says to a person talking to him, خُذْهُ مِنْ رَأْسٍ (tropical:) [Take thou it from the beginning]. (A.) b21: أَنْتَ عَلَىرَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ, and ↓ على رِئَاسِهِ (assumed tropical:) Thou art on the point of accomplishing thine affair: (M, TA:) or أَنْتَ عَلَى

أَمْرِكَ ↓ رِئَاسِ signifies (assumed tropical:) thou art at the beginning of thine affair; and the vulgar say, عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ (S, TA.) b22: أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ: see art. ضرع. b23: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; in his life-time: like the phrase عَلَى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ. (TA in art. رجل.) b24: رَأْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) A numerous and strong company of people. (As, S, M, K.) You say, هُمْ رَأْسٌ (tropical:) They are a numerous and strong company of people. (S.) And هُمْ رَأْسٌ عَظِيمٌ (tropical:) They are an army by themselves, not needing any aid. (A, TA.) 'Amr Ibn-Kulthoom says, (S,) بِرَأْسٍ مِنْ بَنِى جُشَمِ بْنِ بِكْرٍ

نَدُقُّ بِهِ السُّهُولَةَ وَالحُزُونَا [as though meaning, With a numerous and strong company of Benoo-Jusham-Ibn-Bekr, with which we beat the plains and the rugged tracts]: (S, M:) but [J says,] I think that he means رَئِيس, [i. e. head, chief, &c.,] because he says ندقّ بِهِ, not بِهِمْ (S.) رُؤَاسٌ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رِئَاسٌ: see رَأْسٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and again, in three places, in the latter part thereof.

رَؤُوسٌ: see رَائِسٌ. b2: Also A camel having no fatness (طِرْق) remaining except in the head; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (S, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be ↓ مُرَأَّسٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ; (TA;) mentioned by A' Obeyd, from Fr.; (S;) so too ↓ مِرْآسٌ. (K.) رَئِيسٌ Hit, or hurt, in the head; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ. (S.) Hence, شَاةٌ رَئِيسٌ A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, hit, or hurt, in her head: pl. رَآسَى: (S, M, K:) you say غَنَمٌ رَآسَى. (S, K.) b2: Having his head broken, its skin being cleft. (TA.) b3: Having his head affected, or overcome, by the disease called بِرْسَام; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (A:) or ↓ the latter, a man afflicted with that disease: (M, TA:*) and ↓ the same, also, a man having a complaint of his head. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) The head, or headman, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of a people; a person of authority; (S, M, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيِّسٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَأْسٌ [q. v.]; (M, A, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ رَائِسٌ, syn. of this last, وَالٍ: (K:) or رَئِيسٌ signifies, [or rather signifies also,] a person high in rank or condition: (Msb:) its pl. is رُؤَسَآهُ, (M, Msb,) pronounced by the vulgar رُوَسَآء: (TA:) in El-Yemen, ↓رَيِّسٌ is applied to one who shaves the head. (TA in art. ريس.) b2: رَئِيسُ الكِلَابِ (S, M, A,) and ↓ رَائِسُهَا, (M, TA,) (tropical:) [The chief, or leader, of the dogs;] the dog that is' among the other dogs, as the رَئِيس among a people: (S:) the chief of the dogs, that is not preceded by them in the chase. (M, TA.) b3: الأَعْضَآءُ الرَّئِيسَةُ (tropical:) [The capital parts of an animal] are, with physicians, four; (Mgh, TA;) namely, the heart, the brain, the liver, and the testicles: (Mgh, K, TA:) the first three, because without every one of them the person cannot exist; and the last, because privation thereof is a privation of نَوْع [properly species]: the assertion that they are the nose, and the tongue, and the penis, is erroneous. (Mgh, TA.) رُؤَاسِىٌّ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رُؤُوسٌ رُوَّسٌ: see مِرْأَسٌ.

رَأّسٌ A seller of heads: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) رَوَّاسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or رَوَّاسِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with و and with the relative ى, (TA,) is vulgar, (S,) or incorrect, (Mgh, K,) or post-classical. (Msb.) رِئِّيسٌ One who is often made or appointed, or who often becomes, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (K, TA.) رَائِسٌ [act. part. n. of 1.] b2: كَلْبَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) A bitch that takes the object of the chase by the head. (M, TA.) And [in like manner] ↓ كَلْبَةٌ رَؤُوسٌ A bitch that springs upon the head of the object of the chase. (TA.) A2: رَائِسٌ also signifies Anything elevated, or rising above the part or parts adjacent to it. (M, TA.) The head (↓ رَأْس) of a valley: (M, TA:) pl. رَوَائِسُ, (TA,) which signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of valleys. (K, TA.) A3: سَحَابَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud preceding the other clouds: (M: [but perhaps سَحَابَةٌ in the copy of the M from which this is taken is a mistake for سَحَابٌ, i. e. clouds:]) pl. رَوَائِسُ. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

رَيِّسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

أَرْأَسٌ Having a large head; (S, M, A, Mgh, K; *) applied to a man, (S, A, Mgh,) and to a sheep or goat, (S, TA,) and to a stallion; (TA; [but فحل, there, is perhaps a mistake for رَجُلٌ;]) as also ↓ رُؤَاسِىٌّ; (S, M, A, K;) which is likewise applied to a man, (S, A,) and to a stallion, (TA,) but not to a sheep or goat; (ISk, S;) and رَوَّاسِىٌّ; (TA in art. روس;) and ↓ رُؤَاسٌ; (M, TA;) applied to a stallion; (TA;) and ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (K, * TA:) fem. of the first, رَأْسَآءُ. (M.) b2: Also رَأْسَآءُ A ewe, (S, M, K,) or she-goat, (M,) having a black head (A'Obeyd, S, M, K) and face, (S, M, K,) the rest of her being white. (S.) رَأْسٌ مِرْأَسٌ, incorrectly written in the K مَرْأَسٌ, like مَقْعَدٌ, (TA,) i. q. مِصَكٌّ لِلرُّؤُوسِ [app. meaning A head strong to butt, or knock, against other heads]: pl. رُؤُوسٌ مَرَائِيسُ, (K, TA,) or مَرَائِسُ; (CK;) and ↓ رُؤُوسٌ رُؤَّسٌ [signifies the same]. (K, * TA.) مُرَأَّسٌ: see رَؤُوسٌ.

مُرَئِّسٌ A [lizard of the kind called] ضبّ coming forth from his hole having his head foremost: opposed to مُذَنِّبٌ. (TA.) b2: المُرَئِّسُ The lion. (K.) مِرْآسٌ A horse that bites the heads of other horses when running with them in a race: (M, K: *) or [so in some copies of the K, but in others “ and,”] that takes precedence of the other horses in a race. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَؤُوسٌ.

مَرْؤُوسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in four places: b2: and see أَرْأَسُ. b3: Also One whose desire (شَهْوَة) is in his head only. (Fr, Sgh, K.) A2: (tropical:) Subjects [of a رَئِيس]. (K.) مُرَائِسٌ: see رَائِسٌ: b2: and رَؤُوسٌ.

A2: Also One holding back (Sgh, K) from the party [to which he belongs] (Sgh, TA) in fight, or battle. (Sgh, K.)

رسم

1 رَسَمَ الدَّارَ, (M,) or الدِّيَارَ, (K,) [aor. ـُ accord. to a rule of the K,] inf. n. رَسْمٌ, (M,) It (the rain) rased the house or dwelling, or the houses or dwellings, leaving a relic, or relics, thereof cleaving to the ground. (M, K.) In the saying of El-Hotei-ah, أَمِنْ رَسْمِ دَارٍ مُرْبِعٌ وَمُصِيفُ لِعَيْنَيْكَ مِنْ مَآءِ الشُّؤُونِ وَكِيفُ [Is it in consequence of autumn-rain's and springrain's rasing of a dwelling so as to leave only a relic thereof cleaving to the ground, that there is to thine eyes a distilling of the water of the tearchannels?], مربع and مصيف are in the nom. case because of the inf. n., i.e. رسم. (M, TA. [But in the latter, مَصِيفُ: and in a copy of the former, مَرْبَعٌ and مَصِيفُ, both of which are evidently wrong.]) b2: [رَسَمَ often signifies He marked, or stamped: and he drew, traced, traced out, sketched, sketched out, or planned: and he delineated, or described.] You say, رَسَمَ الطَّعَامَ He stamped, or sealed, the corn; (TA in art. رشم;) as also رَشَمَهُ. (S, K, TA, all in that art. [See رَوْسَمٌ.]) and رَسَمْتُ البِنَآءَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, I marked out the building. (Msb.) And رَسَمَ كِتَابًا وَلَمْ يَحْشُهُ [He sketched out a book and did not fill it up]. (Mz 1st نوع.) And رَسَمْتُ الكِتَابَ I wrote the book, or letter, or writing. (Msb.) And رَسَمَ عَلَى كَذَا He wrote upon such a thing; (S, K;) and رَشَمَ is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] رَسَمَ لَهُ كَذَا, (S, K, TA,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) (tropical:) [He prescribed to him the doing of such a thing;] he commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do such a thing. (S, * Msb, * K, TA.) [And رَسَمَ لَهُ كَذَا also means (assumed tropical:) he assigned, or appointed, him such a thing, as a stipend, &c.: often used in this sense.] b4: رَسَمَتْ said of a she-camel, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, [and so accord. to a rule of the K,]) or ـِ not رَسُمَ, (TA,) inf. n. رَسِيمٌ, (S, M, K,) She made marks upon the ground (S, M, K) by the vehemence of her tread. (S, M.) b5: And رَسَمَ said of a camel, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَسِيمٌ, (S, K,) with which مِرْسَمٌ is syn., (K,) He went a certain pace, (S, K,) exceeding that which is termed ذَمِيل [inf. n. of ذَمَلَ, q. v.]: one should not say of a camel أَرْسَمَ, for this latter verb is trans. (S.) b6: Also رَسَمَ نَحْوَهُ, inf. n. رَسْمٌ, He went, or went away, quickly towards him, or it. (TA.) b7: and رَسَمَ فِى الأَرْضِ, (K,) inf. n. رَسْمٌ, (TA,) He disappeared in the land, or country: (K:) and [hence], used metonymically, (tropical:) he died; like رَزَمَ. (TA.) 2 تَرْسِيمٌ [inf. n. of رَسَّمَ] The act of marking, or stamping, [and of drawing, tracing, tracing out, sketching, sketching out, or planning, several things, or of doing so much, or] well:: and writing [much, or] well: and making a garment, or piece of cloth, striped. (KL.) 4 ارسم He caused a she-camel to make marks upon the ground (M, K) by the vehemence of her tread. (M.) b2: And He made a camel to go the pace termed رَسِيم (S. [The meaning is there indicated, but not expressed.]) فَأَرْسَمَا ending a verse of Homeyd Ibn-Thowr [which is variously related] refers to two boys, or young men, mentioned therein, and means فَأَرْسَمَا بَعِيرَيْهِمَا [and they made their two camels to go the pace termed رَسِيم]. (AHát, TA.) 5 ترسّم, (K, but omitted in some copies,) or ترسّم الرَّسْمَ, (M,) He looked at the رَسْمِ [or mark, trace, relic, &c.]. (M, K.) And ترسّم الدَّارَ He considered, or examined, the رُسُوم [or marks, traces, relics, &c.,] of the house, or dwelling; (S, TA; *) or did so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge thereof. (TA.) b2: And in like manner ترسّم signifies He looked, and considered, or examined, or did so repeatedly, in order to know where he should dig, or build. (S, TA.) Hence, تَرَسَّمَتِ القَنَافِذُ فِى الأَرْضِ (tropical:) The hedge-hogs looked, or considered, or examined, repeatedly, to know where they should make their holes. (TA.) And ترسّم الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) He looked, or looked long, at the thing; or considered, or examined, it, or did so repeatedly, in order to obtain a clear knowledge of it. (TA.) And ترسّم القَصِيدَةَ (tropical:) He considered, or studied, the ode, and retained it in his memory, or sought, or endeavoured, to remember it. (K, * TA.) And أَنَا أَتَرَسَّمُ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) I remember, or I seek, or endeavour, to remember, such a thing, but am not sure, or certain, of it. (TA.) 8 اِرْتِسَامٌ [in its primary sense, as quasi-pass. of رَسْمٌ, inf. n. of رَسَمَ, is app. post-classical, but, as such,] is used by the logicians as meaning The being stamped and depicted [in the mind]: (“ Dict. of the Technical Terms used in the sciences of the Musalmans: ”] an image's being fixed in, or upon, a thing. (KL.) [It is used, in this sense, of an image formed by the fancy, and of any ideal image.]

A2: [Also (tropical:) The obeying a prescript or command &c.] You say, رَسَمْتُ لَهُ كَذَا, (S, K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) فَارْتَسَمَ, (Msb, K,) or فَارْتَسَمَهُ, (S,) (tropical:) [I prescribed to him the doing of such a thing; or] I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do such a thing, (K, TA,) and he obeyed (S, Msb, TA) it [i. e. the prescript &c.]. (S, Msb.) And ↓ أَنَا أَرْتَسِمُ مَرَاسِمَكَ (tropical:) [I obey thy prescripts &c.;] I do not transgress thy مراسم. (TA.) b2: And hence, (TA,) ارتسم signifies also (tropical:) He said اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ [God is great, or most great]: (S, M, K, TA:) and he sought protection or preservation [by God]: (M, K, TA;) and he prayed or supplicated or petitioned [God]: (S, K:) as though [meaning] he took the course prescribed by God, of having recourse to Him for protection or preservation. (TA.) El-Aashà says, [speaking of wine,] وَصَلَّى عضلَى دَنِّهَا وَارْتَسَمْ وَقَابَلَهَا الرِيحَ فِى دَنِّهَا (S, M, TA,) or وَأَقْبَلَهَا, (so in some copies of the S in this art. and in art. صلو, and in the Mgh, also, in the latter art.,) i. e. [And he exposed it to the wind, in its jar, and he prayed over its jar,] and petitioned for it (TA in this art. and in art. صلو) that it might not become sour, nor spoil: (TA in the latter art.:) AHn says that ارتسم means he stamped its vessel with the رَوْسَم; but this saying is not valid: (M, TA:) [and Mtr, also, says that] ارتسم, here, is from الرَّوْسَمُ, and means he stamped it. (Mgh in art. صلو.) رَسْمٌ inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (Msb, &c.) b2: [Hence رَسْمُ المُصْحَفِ The writing of the book of the Kur-án; for which particular rules are prescribed. b3: Hence also رَسْمٌ is sometimes used by logicians as meaning A definition, either perfect (تَامٌّ) or imperfect (نَاقِصٌ); like حَدٌّ.] b4: Also A mark, an impression, a sign, a trace, a vestige, or a relic or remain; syn. أَثَرٌ; (S, Msb, K;) and رَشَمٌ is a dial. var. thereof, accord. to Aboo-Turáb; as is also ↓ رَسَمٌ, both syn. with أَثَرٌ, (TA in art. رشم,) and so is رَشْمٌ. (K in that art.:) or a relic, or remain, of what is termed أَثَرٌ [as meaning a mark, an impression, a sign, a trace, or a vestige]: or such, of what are termed آثَار [as meaning relics or remains], as has not substance and height: (M, K:) or such as is cleaving to the ground: (M:) رَسْمُ دَارٍ means remains of a house or dwelling, cleaving to the ground: (S, TA:) or رَسْمٌ signifies a remain, or remains, of a ruined dwelling or place of alighting and abiding: (Har p. 607:) and ↓ رَوْسَمٌ is syn. with رَسْمٌ: (S, M, K [accord. to the correct copies of this last:]) the pl. [of pauc.] of رَسْمٌ is أَرْسُمٌ and [the pl. of mult. is]

رُسُومٌ. (M, Msb, K.) b5: [I. q. مَرْسُومٌ: see مَرَاسِمُ.

And hence, as being prescribed,] رُسُومُ الدِّينِ means (assumed tropical:) The ways that are followed in respect of the doctrines and practices of religion. (TA.) b6: And A well which one fills up (M, K) in the ground: (K:) pl. رِسَامٌ. (M, K.) b7: [In some copies of the K, two meanings that belong to رَوْسَمٌ are, by the omission of a و, assigned to رَسْمٌ: see رَوْسَمٌ.]

رَسَمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Goodness, or elegance, of gait, pace, or manner of going. (K.) رَسُومٌ That makes marks upon the ground by the vehemence of her tread: applied to a she-camel. (S TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. جهم.] b2: Also That continues journeying a day and a night: (S, K:) applied to a he-camel. (TK.) رَسِيمٌ A certain pace of camels, (S, K,) exceeding that which is termed ذَمِيلٌ [q. v.]; (S;) [see رَسَمَ, of which it is an inf. n.;] and ↓ مِرْسَمٌ signifies the same. (K.) رَسَّامٌ One who engraves [or draws inscriptions or other designs] upon tablets or the like. (TA.) رَاسِمٌ, (S, K,) or مَآءٌ رَاسِمٌ, (TK,) Running water. (S, K.) b2: And رَاسِمَةٌ A she-camel that goes the pace termed رَسِيم: pl. رَوَاسِمُ. (Har p. 495.) رَوْسَمٌ: see رَسْمٌ. b2: Also A sign, a token, a mark, or an indication, (M, K,) of beauty or of ugliness; as in the saying, إِنَّ عَليْهِ لَرَوْسَمًا [Verily upon him is a sign, &c.]: so says Khálid Ibn-Jebeleh: (M:) pl. رَوَاسِمُ and رَوَاسِيمُ. (TA.) b3: And as pl. of رَوْسَمُ, (TA,) رَوَاِسيمُ signifies Certain books, or writings, that were in the Time of Ignorance. (S, K.) b4: Also the sing., A stamp, or seal; i. e. an instrument with which one stamps, or seals; and رَوْشَمٌ is a dial. var. thereof: (M:) or, as some say, particularly, (M,) one with which the head [or mouth] of a [large jar such as is called] خَابِيَة is stamped, or sealed; (M, K;) as also ↓ رَاسُومٌ, (K,) and رَاشُومٌ. (TA.) And A piece of wood, (S, M, Msb, K,) or a small tablet, (A,) upon which is some inscription (S, M, A, K) engraved, or hollowed out, (A, K,) with which wheat, (S, M, K,) or corn, or grain, (Msb,) [in its repository,] is stamped, or sealed, (S, M, Msb, K,) or with which collections of wheat or corn are stamped, or sealed: (AA, TA:) as also رَوْشَمٌ: pl. رَوَاسِمُ. (Msb.) [In some copies of the K, by the omission of a و, this meaning and the next are assigned to رَسْمٌ.] b5: And (as some say, S) A certain thing with which deenárs are polished. (S, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Kutheiyir, (TA,) دَنَانِيرُ شِيفَتْ مِنْ هِرَقْلٍ بِرَوْسَمِ [Deenárs, of Heraclius, that were polished with روسم]. (S, TA.) A2: It occurs in poetry as meaning The face of a horse, in the phrase قُرْحَةٌ بِرَوْسَمٍ

[A star, or blaze, in the face of a horse]. (M.) A3: Also A calamity, or misfortune; (K;) like رَوْسَبٌ. (TA.) رَاسُومٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. [Accord. to rule, its pl. is رَوَاسِيمُ, mentioned above as a pl. of رَوْسَمٌ.]

مُرْسِمٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. In the saying of the Hudhalee, وَالْمُرْسِمُونَ إِلَى عَبْدِ العَزِيزِ بِهَا مَعًا وَشَتَّى وَمِنْ شَفْعٍ وَفُرَّادِ [And those urging them to make marks upon the ground by the vehemence of their tread in their way to 'Abd-El-'Azeez, together and separately, and two by two and one by one], he means المُرْسِمُوهَا, inserting the ب redundantly between the verb [or part. n., which is often termed a verb,] and its objective complement. (M.) مِرْسَمٌ: see رَسِيمٌ.

مُرَسَّمٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, striped, (S, M, K,) or marked with faint lines. (TA.) مَرْسُومٌ [or كِتَابٌ مَرْسُومٌ] A book, or writing, stamped, or sealed: pl. مَرَاسِيمُ. (TA.) and طَعَامٌ مَرْسُومٌ Wheat stamped, or sealed. (TA. [See رَوْسَمٌ.]) b2: See also the following paragraph.

مَرَاسِمُ Marks, stamps, impressions, signs, or characters. (KL.) b2: [And (assumed tropical:) Prescripts, commands, orders, biddings, or injunctions: and (assumed tropical:) assignments, or appointments: in both of these senses app. a contraction of مَرَاسِيمُ, pl. of ↓ مَرْسُومٌ; thus used in the present day; like رُسُومٌ, pl. of ↓رَسْمٌ.] See 8.

طرق

1 طَرْقٌ signifies The beating [a thing], or striking [it, in any manner, and with anything]; (K, TA;) this being the primary meaning: (TA:) or with the مِطْرَقَة, (K, TA,) which is the implement of the blacksmith and of the artificer [with which he beats the iron], and the rod, or stick, with which one beats wool [or hair] to loosen or separate it: (TA:) and the slapping (K, TA) with the hand. (TA.) You say, طَرَقَ البَابَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, He knocked [or (as we say) knocked at] the door. (Msb.) طَرَقَ الصُّوفَ, (S, O, TA, *) or الشَّعَرَ, (TA,) aor. as above, (S, O,) and so the inf. n., (S, O, K,) He beat the wool, (S, O, K, TA,) or the hair, (TA,) with the rod, or stick, called مِطْرَقَة, (S, O,) to loosen it, or separate it: (S, * O, * TA:) or he plucked it [so as to loosen it, or separate it]. (K, TA.) اُطْرُقِى

وَمِيشِى, a prov., and occurring in a verse of Ru-beh, [originally addressed to a woman,] and [lit.] meaning Beat thou the wool with the stick, and mix the hair with the wool, is said to him who confuses or confounds, in his speech, and practises various modes, or manners, therein. (Az, TA. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 28.]) And you say also, طَرَقَ الحَدِيدَةَ He beat the piece of iron [with the مِطْرَقَة]: (Mgh, * Msb:) and ↓ طرّقها he beat it much, or vehemently. (Msb.) And طَرَقَهُ بِكَفِّهِ, inf. n. as above, He slapped him with his hand. (TA.) And طَرَقْتُ الطَّرِيقَ I travelled [or beat] the road. (Msb.) [And hence, app.,] طَرْقٌ signifies also The being quick of pace; [probably as an inf. n.;] or quickness of going along. (Sh, TA.) And طُرِقَتِ الأَرْضُ The ground was beaten so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled; and trodden with the feet. (TA.) And طَرَقَ الدَّوَابُّ المَآءَ بِالرِّجْلِ حَتَّى تُكَدِّرَهُ [The beasts beat the water with the foot so as to render it turbid, or muddy]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or طَرَقَتِ الإِبِلُ المَآءَ, (S, O, TA,) aor. as above, (O,) (tropical:) the camels staled and dunged in the water. (S, O, TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) The coming by night; (K, TA;) because he who comes by night [generally] needs to knock at the door; as some say; (TA;) and so طُرُوقٌ [which is the more common in this sense]. (K, TA.) You say, طَرَقَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, He came by night. (S.) أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ طُرُوقًا (assumed tropical:) Such a one came to us by night. (S.) and طَرَقَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ and طُرُوقٌ, (assumed tropical:) He came to the people, or party, by night. (TA.) And طَرَقَ أَهْلَهُ, (TA,) or طَرَقَ أَهْلَهُ لَيْلًا, (S, O,) inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He came to his اهل [meaning wife] by night: (S, * O, TA:) the doing of which by him who has been long absent is forbidden by the Prophet. (O, TA. *) and طَرَقَ النَّجْمُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طُرُوقٌ, (assumed tropical:) The star, or asterism, rose: and of anything that has come by night, one says طَرَقَ. (Msb.) One says also, طُرِقَ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one was made an object of [or was visited by or was smitten by] nocturnal accidents or calamities. (TA.) And طَرَقَهُ الزَّمَانُ بِنَوَائِبِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Time, or fortune, visited him, or smote him, with its accidents, or calamities; or did so suddenly, like one knocking at the door in the night]. (TA.) And طَرَقَنِى خَيَالٌ (assumed tropical:) [An apparition, or a phantom, visited me in the night]. (TA.) And طَرَقَنِى هَمٌّ (assumed tropical:) [Anxiety came upon me; or did so suddenly, like one coming in the night]. (TA.) And [hence, app.,] طَرَقَ سَمْعِى

كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [Such a thing struck my ear]: and طُرِقَتْ مَسَامِعِى بِخَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [My ears were struck by good tidings]. (TA.) b3: Also The stallion's covering the she-camel; (Msb, K; *) and so طُرُوقٌ; (K, TA;) and طِرَاقٌ likewise [app. another inf. n. of طَرَقَ, as its syn. ضِرَابٌ is of ضَرَبَ]: (TA:) or his leaping her, (S, O, TA,) and covering her. (TA.) You say, طَرَقَ القَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ, (S, O, Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA,) inf. n. طَرْقٌ, (Msb,) or طُرُوقٌ, (S) or both, (O, TA,) The stallion covered the she-camel: (Msb:) or leaped the she-camel, (S, O, TA,) and covered her. (TA.) b4: And [The practising of pessomancy;] i. q. ضَرْبٌ بِالحَصَى, (S, IAth, O, K,) which is performed by women, (IAth, TA,) or by a diviner; (K;) a certain mode of divination: (S:) or [the practising of geomancy; i. e.] a man's making lines, or marks, upon the ground, with two fingers, and then with one finger, and saying, اِبْنَىْ عِيَانْ أَسْرِعَا البَيَانْ: (Az, O, TA: [see this saying explained, with another description of the process, in the first paragraph of art. خط:]) or it is the making lines, or marks, upon the sand: (TA:) you say, طَرَقَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, He made lines, or marks, with a finger, (&c.,) in divining. (JK.) [See the last sentence in art. جبت.] Also The diviner's mixing cotton with wool when divining. (Lth, K.) b5: And طَرَقْنَا النَّعْجَةَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. طَرْقٌ, We branded the ewe with the mark called طِرَاق. (ISh, O.) A2: طُرِقَ, (K, TA,) like عُنِىَ, (TA,) [inf. n., app., طَرْقٌ, q. v.,] (tropical:) He was, or became, weak in intellect, (K, TA,) and soft. (TA.) A3: طَرِقَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. طَرَقٌ, (Fr, S, O, K,) He (a camel) had a weakness in his knees: (Fr, S, O, K: [see حَلَلٌ:]) or, said of a human being and of a camel, he had a weakness in the knee and in the arm or the fore leg: (TA:) or, said of a camel, he had a crookedness in the سَاق (Lth, * O, * K) of the kind leg, [app. meaning in the thigh,] without the [kind of straddling termed] فَحَج, and with an inclining in the heel. (Lth, O.) b2: [See also طَرَقٌ below.]

A4: طَرِقَ signifies also He drank turbid, or muddy, water, (O, K, TA,) such as is termed [طَرْقٌ and] مَطْرُوقٌ. (TA. [In the K it is said to be, in this sense, like سَمِعَ; which seems to indicate that the inf. n. is طَرْقٌ, not طَرَقٌ.]) 2 طرّق الحَدِيدَةَ: see 1, former half. b2: طرّق طَرِيقًا He made a road plane, or even, so that people travelled it [or beat it with their feet] in their passing along. (TA.) The saying لَا تُطَرِّقُوا المَسَاجِدَ means Make not ye the mosques to be roads [or places of passage]. (TA.) طَرَّقْتُ لَهُ is from الطَّرِيقُ: (S, O:) you say, طرّق لَهَا [app. referring to camels] He made for them a road, or way: (K:) or طرّق لَهُ he gave a way to, or admitted, him, or it. (MA.) b3: طَرَّقَتْ said of the [bird called] قَطَاة, peculiarly, (inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, O, K,) She arrived at the time of her egg's coming forth: (As, A'Obeyd, S, O, K:) or she (a قطاة) hollowed out in the ground a place wherein to lay her eggs: as though she made a way for them: so says A Heyth: but the verb may be similarly used of other than the قطاة, metaphorically; whence the saying, قَدْ طَرَّقَتْ بِبِكْرِهَا أُمُّ طَبَقْ i. e. (tropical:) Calamity [has prepared to bring forth her first-born]. (Az, TA.) [Hence, app.,] one says also, ضَرَبَهُ حَتَّى طَرَّقَ بِجَعْرِهِ [He beat him until he gave passage, or was about to give passage, to his ordure]. (As, S, O.) And طرّق لِى, inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, signifies أَخْرَجَ [app. meaning He gave forth, or produced, to me something]. (TA.) b4: طَرَّقَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا, said of a camel, means She brought forth with difficulty, her young one sticking fast, and not coming forth easily; and in like manner it is said of a woman: (As, S, O, K:) so in a verse of Ows Ibn-Hajar, cited voce نِفَاسٌ: (O:) or طرّقت said of a woman and of any pregnant female, means the half of her young one came forth, and then it stuck fast. (Lth, TA.) [Hence,] طرّق فُلَانٌ بِحَقِّى (tropical:) Such a one acknowledged my right, or due, after disacknowledging it. (As, S, O, K, TA.) b5: Accord. to Az, (TA,) طرّق الإِبِلَ means He withheld the camels from pasture, (S, O, K, TA,) or from some other thing: (S, O, TA:) Sh, however, says that he knew not this; but that IAar explained طَرَّفْتُ, with ف, as meaning “ I repelled. ” (TA.) b6: أَخَذَ فُلَانٌ فِى التَّطْرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) Such a one practised artifice and divination. (TA.) A2: طَرَّقْتُ التُّرْسَ I sewed the shield upon another skin: and طَرَّقْتُ النَّعْلَ, inf. n. تَطْرِيقٌ, I made the sole of two pieces of skin, sewing one of them upon the other. (Msb. [See also the next paragraph.]) 3 طَارَقْتُ النَّعْلَ [meaning I sewed another sole upon the sole] is an instance of a verb of the measure فَاعَلَ relating to the act of a single agent. (AAF, TA in art. خدع.) [See also 2, last sentence.] You say also, طارق الرَّجُلُ نَعْلَيْهِ, [inf. n. مُطَارَقَةٌ,] The man put one of his two soles upon the other and sewed them together. (As, TA.) And طارق بَيْنَ نَعْلَيْنِ He sewed one sole upon another. (S, O, K.) And طارق بين الثَّوْبَيْنِ, (S,) or بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ, (O, K,) and بين الدِّرْعَيْنِ, (TA,) i. q. طَابَقَ, (K,) or ظَاهَرَ, i. e. He put on himself one of the two garments, or one of two garments, [and one of the two coats of mail,] over the other. (S, O.) طُورِقَ is said of anything as meaning It was put one part thereof upon, or above, another; and so ↓ اِطَّرَقَ; (TA;) [and in like manner ↓ أُطْرِقَ; for] one says of shields, يُطْرَقُ بَعْضُهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ One of them is sewed upon another: (S, O, K:) and أُطْرِقَتْ بِالجِلْدِ وَالعَصَبِ They were clad [or covered] with skin and sinews. (S, O.) b2: طارق الغَمَامُ الظَّلَامَ The clouds followed upon the darkness. (TA.) b3: And طارق الكَلَامَ (tropical:) He practised, or took to, various modes, or manners, in speech; syn. تَفَنَّنَ فِيهِ. (TA.) 4 اطرقهُ فَحْلَهُ He lent him his stallion [camel] to cover his she-camels. (S, O, K.) b2: لَا أَطْرَقَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ, (O,) or عَلَيْهِ, (K, TA,) means (tropical:) May God not cause thee, or him, to have one whom thou mayest, or whom he may, take to wife, or compress. (O, K, TA.) b3: See also 3, latter part. b4: اطرق رَأْسَهُ He inclined his head [downwards]. (TA.) And أَطْرِقْ بَصَرَكَ Lower thine eyes towards thy breast, and be silent: occurring in a trad. respecting the looking unexpectedly [at one at whom one should not look]. (TA.) And أَطْرَقَ, alone, He bent down his head: (MA:) or he lowered his eyes, looking towards the ground; (S, O, K;) and sometimes the doing so is natural: (TA: [and the same is indicated in the S:]) and it may mean he had a laxness in the eyelids: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or he contracted his eyelids, as though his eye struck the ground: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and he was, or became, silent, (ISk, S, O, K,) accord. to some, by reason of fright, (TA,) not speaking. (ISk, S, O, K.) It is said in a prov., أَطْرِقٌ كَرَا أَطْرِقٌ كَرَا

إِنَّ النَّعَامَ فِى القُرَى

[Lower thine eyes karà: lower thine eyes karà: (كرا meaning the male of the كَرَوَان, a name now given to the stone-curlew, or charadrius ædicnemus:) verily the ostriches are in the towns, or villages]: applied to the self-conceited; (S, O;) and to him who is insufficient, or unprofitable; who speaks and it is said to him, “Be silent, and beware of the spreading abroad of that which thou utterest, for dislike of what may be its result: ” and by the saying انّ النعام فى القرى is meant, they will come to thee and trample thee with their feet: (O:) it is like the saying فَغُضِّ الطَّرْفَ. (S. [See also كَرَوَانٌ: and see also Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 30-31.]) It is asserted that when they desire to capture the كرا, and see it from afar, they encompass it, and one of them says, أَطْرِقْ كَرَا إِنَّكَ لَا تُرَى [or لَنْ تُرَى (Meyd in explanation of the preceding prov.) i. e. Lower thine eyes, or be silent, karà: thou wilt not be seen:] until he becomes within reach of it; when he throws a garment over it, and takes it. ('Eyn, TA.) And أَطْرِقْ كَرَا يُحْلَبْ لَكَ [Lower thine eyes, or be silent, karà: milk shall be drawn for thee:] is [a prov., mentioned by Meyd,] said to a stupid person whom one incites to hope for that which is vain, or false, and who believes [what is said to him]. (O.) b5: One says also, اطرق إِلَى اللَّهْوِ (tropical:) He inclined to diversion, sport, or play. (IAar, K, TA.) b6: اطرق اللَّيْلُ عَلَيْهِ: see 8: b7: and اطرقت الإِبِلُ: see 6.

A2: اطرق الصَّيْدَ He set a snare for the beasts, or birds, of the chase. (TA.) b2: And hence, اطرق فُلَانٌ لِفُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one plotted against such a one by calumny, or slander, in order to throw him into destruction, or into that from which escape would be difficult. (TA.) 5 تطرّق إِلَى كَذَا He found a way to such a thing: (MA:) or he sought to gain access to such a thing. (Er-Rághib, TA.) 6 تَطَارُقٌ signifies The coming consecutively, or being consecutive. (TA.) You say, تطارقت الإِبِلُ The camels came following one another, the head of each. [except the first] being at the tail of the next [before it], whether tied together in a file or not: (TA:) or went away, one after another; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ اِطَّرَقَت; (O, K, TA;) in the S, incorrectly, ↓ أَطْرَقَت; (O, K, TA;) in mentioned in the K, in another part of the art., and there expl. as meaning the followed one another; but the verb in this sense is ↓ اِطَّرَقَت: (TA:) and, (O, K, TA,) as some say, (O, TA,) this last signifies they scattered, or dispersed, themselves upon the roads, and quitted the main beaten tracks: (O, K, TA:) As cited as an ex., (from Ru-beh, TA,) describing camels, (O,) شَتِيتَا ↓ جَآءَتْ مَعًا واطَّرَقَتْ meaning They came together, and went away in a state of dispersion. (S, O, TA.) And you say, تطارق الظَّلَامُ وَالغَمَامُ The darkness and the clouds were, or became, consecutive. (TA.) And تطارقت عَلَيْنَا الأَخْبَارُ [The tidings came to us consecutively]. (TA.) 8 اِطَّرَقَ: see 3. Said of the wing of a bird, (S, TA,) Its feathers overlay one another: (TA:) or it was, or became, abundant and dense [in its feathers]. (S, TA.) And اطّرقت الأَرْضُ The earth became disposed in layers, one above another, being compacted by the rain. (TA.) And اطّرق الحَوْضُ The watering-trough, or tank, had in it [a deposit of] compacted dung, or dung and mud or clay, that had fallen into it. (TA.) and اطّرق عَلَيْهِ اللَّيْلُ, as in the O and L; in the K, erroneously, ↓ أَطْرَقَ; The night came upon him portion upon portion. (TA.) See also 6, in three places.10 استطرقهُ فَحْلًا He desired, or demanded, of him a stallion to cover his she-camels; (S, O, K;) like استضربهُ. (TA.) b2: And استطرقهُ He desired, or demanded, of him the practising of pessomancy (الضَّرْبَ بِالحَصَى), and the looking [or divining] for him therein. (K, * TA.) b3: And He desired, or demanded, of him the [having, or taking, a] road, or way, within some one of his boundaries. (TA.) b4: مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَسْتَطْرِقَ نَصِيبَ الآخَرِ, a phrase used by El-Kudooree, means Without his taking for himself the portion of the other as a road or way [or place of passage]. (Mgh.) And الاِسْتِطْرَاقُ بَيْنَ الصُّفُوفِ, a phrase used by Khwáhar-Zádeh [commonly pronounced KháharZádeh], means The going [or the taking for oneself a way] between the ranks [of the people engaged in prayer]: from الطَّرِيقُ. (Mgh.) And اِسْتَطْرَقْتُ

إِلَى البَابِ I went along a road, or way, to the door. (Msb.) [Hence a phrase in the Fákihet el-Khulafà, p. 105, line 15.] b5: [اسْتَطْرَقَتْ in a verse cited in the K in art. دد is a mistake for استطرفت, with فا: see 10 in art. طرب.]

طَرْقٌ [originally an inf. n., and as such app. signifying An act of striking the lute &c.: and hence,] a species (ضَرْبٌ) of the أَصْوَات [meaning sounds, or airs, or tunes,] of the lute: (TA:) or any صَوْت [i. e. air, or tune], (Lth, O, K, TA,) or any نَغْمَة [i. e. melody], (K, TA,) of the lute and the like, by itself: (Lth, O, K, TA:) you say, تَضْرِبُ هٰذِهِ الجَارِيَةُ كَذَا وَكَذَا طَرْقًا [This girl, or young woman, or female slave, plays such and such airs or tunes, or such and such melodies, of the lute or the like]. (Lth, O, K. *) b2: [Hence, probably,] عِنْدَهُ طُرُوقٌ مِنَ الكَلَامِ, sing. طَرْقٌ, a phrase mentioned by Kr; thought by ISd to mean He has [various] sorts, or species, of speech. (TA.) b3: See also طَرْقَةٌ, in four places.

A2: Also (tropical:) A stallion [camel] covering: (O, K, TA:) pl. طُرُوقٌ and طُرَّاقٌ: (TA:) an inf. n. used as a subst. [or an epithet]: (O, K, TA:) for ذُو طَرْقٍ. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) The sperma of the stallion [camel]: (S, K:) a man says to another, أَعِرْنِى

طَرْقَ فَحْلِكَ العَامَ i. e. [Lend thou to me] the sperma, and the covering, (As, TA.) which latter is said to be the original meaning, (TA,) of thy stallion [camel this year]. (As, TA.) And it is said to be sometimes applied metaphorically to (assumed tropical:) The sperma of man: or in relation to man, it may be an epithet, [like as it is sometimes in relation to a stallion-camel, as mentioned above,] and not metaphorical. (TA.) And طَرْقُ الجَمَلِ means also The hire that is given for the camel's covering of the female. (TA in art. شبر.) A3: Also, and ↓ مَطْرُوقٌ, (tropical:) Water (S, O, K, TA) of the rain (S, O, TA) in which camels (S, O, K) and others [i. e. other beasts] have staled, (S,) or waded and staled, (S, * O, K, TA,) and dunged: (S, O, TA:) or stagnant water in which beasts have waded and staled: (Mgh:) and ↓ طَرَقٌ [expressly stated to be مُحَرَّكَة] signifies [the same, or] water that has collected, in which there has been a wading and staling, so that it has become turbid; (TA;) or places where water collects and stagnates (S, O, K, TA) in stony tracts of land; (TA;) and the pl. of this is أَطْرَاقٌ. (TA.) A4: طَرْقٌ also signifies A [snare, trap, gin, or net, such as is commonly called] فَخّ, (IAar, O, K,) or the like thereof; and so ↓ طِرْقٌ: (K: [by Golius and Freytag, this meaning has been assigned to طَرْقَةٌ; and by Freytag, to طِرْقَةٌ also; in consequence of a want of clearness in the K:]) or a snare, or thing by means of which wild animals are taken, like the فَخّ; (Lth, O;) and ↓ طَرَقَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. [or coll. gen. n.] is ↓ طَرَقٌ, (S, K,) signifies [the same, or] the snare (حِبَالَة) of the sportsman, (S, O, K,) having [what are termed] كِفَف [pl. of كِفَّةٌ, q. v.]. (S, O) A5: And A palm-tree: of the dial. of Teiyi. (AHn, K.) A6: And (tropical:) Weakness of intellect, (K, TA,) and softness. (TA [See طُرِقَ.]) طُرْقٌ: see طَرْقَةٌ.

A2: [Also a contraction of طُرُقٌ, pl. of طَرِيقٌ, q. v.]

A3: And pl. of طِرَاقٌ [q. v.]. (K.) طِرْقٌ Fat, as a subst.: (S, O, K:) this is the primary signification. (S, O.) [See an ex. voce بِنٌّ.] b2: And Fatness. (AHn, K.) One says, هٰذَا البَعِيرُ مَا بِه طِرْقٌ i. e. This camel has not in him fatness, and fat. (AHn, TA.) It is said to be mostly used in negative phrases. (TA.) b3: And Strength: (S, O, K:) because it mostly arises from fat. (S, O.) One says, مَا بِهِ طِرْقٌ, meaning There is not in him strength. (TA.) The pl. is أَطْرَاقٌ. (TA.) A2: See also طَرْقٌ, last quarter.

طَرَقٌ: see طَرْقٌ, third quarter. b2: Also i. q. مُذَلَّلٌ [applied to a beast, app. to a camel,] meaning Rendered submissive, or tractable; or broken. (TA.) A2: It is also pl. of ↓ طَرَقَةٌ, [or rather is a coll. gen. n. of which the n. un. is طَرَقَةٌ,] (S, O, K,) which latter signifies A row of bricks in a wall, or of other things, (S, O,) or [particularly] of palm-trees. (As, TA.) b2: Also, ↓ the latter, [as is expressly stated in the TA, and indicated in the S and O, (آثارُ and بَعْضُهَا in the CK being mistakes for آثارِ and بَعْضِهَا,)] The foot-marks [or track] of camels following near after one another. (S, O, K.) You say, وَاحِدَةٍ ↓ جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ عَلَى طَرَقَةٍ The camels came upon one track [or in one line]; like as you say, عَلَى خُفٍّ وَاحِدٍ. (S, O. [See also a similar phrase voce مِطْرَاقٌ.]) And Aboo-Turáb mentions, as a phrase of certain of BenooKiláb, الإِبِلِ ↓ مَرَرْتُ عَلَى طَرَقَةِ and عَرَقَتِهَا, meaning I went upon the track of the camels. (TA.) b3: See also طَرْقٌ, last quarter.

A3: Also, i. e. طَرَقٌ, A duplicature, or fold, (ثِنْى, in the CK [erroneously] ثَنْى,) of a water-skin: (S, O, K:) and أَطْرَاقٌ is its pl., (S, O,) signifying its duplicatures, or folds, (S, O, K,) when it is bent, (O,) or when it is doubled, or folded, (S, K,) and bent. (S.) b2: And أَطْرَاقُ البَطْنِ The parts of the belly that lie one above another (K, TA) when it is wrinkled: pl. of طَرَقٌ. (TA.) b3: طَرَقٌ in the feathers of a bird is their Overlying one another: (S, O, K, TA:) or, accord. to the A, it is softness and flaccidity therein. (TA.) b4: [Also inf. n. of طَرِقَ, q. v.]

طَرْقَةٌ A time; one time; syn. مَرَّةٌ; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ طَرْقٌ, (O, K,) and ↓ طُرْقَةٌ and ↓ طُرْقٌ. (K.) You say, اِخْتَضَبَتِ المَرْأَةُ طَرْقَةً, (S, O,) or طَرْقَتَيْنِ, (S,) or ↓ طَرْقًا, (K,) or ↓ طَرْقَيْنِ, (O, K,) [&c.,] i. e. [The woman dyed her hands with hinnà] once, or twice. (S, O, K.) And أَنَا آتِى, فُلَانًا فِى اليَوْمِ طَرْقَتَيْنِ, (S, K,) and ↓ طَرْقَيْنِ, (O, K,) &c., (K,) i. e. (tropical:) [I come to such a one in the day] twice. (S, O, TA.) And هُوَ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ

بِعِشْرِينَ طَرْقَةً (assumed tropical:) [He is better than such a one by twenty times]. (A, TA.) A2: طَرْقَةُ الطَّرِيقِ meansThe main and middle part, or the distinct [beaten] track, of the road. (TA.) b2: And هٰذِهِ النَّبْلُ طَرْقَةُ رِجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ [These arrows are] the work, or manufacture, of one man. (S, O, K. *) A3: See also طِرِّيقَةٌ.

طُرْقَةٌ i. q. طَرِيقٌ, q. v. (K.) b2: And sing. of طُرَقٌ signifying The beaten tracks in roads; and of طُرُقَات in the phrase طُرُقَاتُ الإِبِلِ meaning the tracks of the camels following one another consecutively. (TA.) b3: Also A way, or course, that one pursues (طَرِيقَةٌ) to a thing. (K.) b4: and (assumed tropical:) A custom, manner, habit, or wont. (S, O, K.) One says, مَا زَالَ ذٰلِكَ طُرْقَتَكَ (assumed tropical:) That ceased not to be thy custom, &c. (S, O.) b5: And A line, or streak, (طَرِيقَةٌ,) in things that are sewed, or put, one upon another. (K, * TA: [المُطارَقَةُ in the CK is a mistake for المطارقةِ:]) as also ↓ طِرْقَةٌ. (K.) b6: And A line, or streak, in a bow: or lines, or streaks, therein: pl. طُرَقٌ: (K:) or its pl., i. e. طُرَقٌ, has the latter meaning. (S, O.) b7: And Stones one upon another. (O, K.) A2: Also Darkness. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) One says, جِئْتُهُ فِى طُرْقَةِ اللَّيْلِ [I came to him in the darkness of night]. (TA.) A3: And i. q. مَطْمَعٌ [app. as meaning Inordinate desire, though it also means a thing that is coveted], (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or طَمَعٌ [which has both of these meanings]. (K.) [That the former is the meaning here intended I infer from the fact that Sgh immediately adds what here follows.] b2: IAar says, (O,) فِى فُلَانٍ

طُرْقَةٌ means In such a one is تَخْنِيث [i. e., app., a certain unnatural vice; see 2 (last sentence) in art. خنث]: (O, TA:) and so فِيهِ تَوْضِيعٌ. (TA.) A4: See also طَرْقَةٌ.

A5: Also Foolish; stupid; or unsound, or deficient, in intellect or understanding. (O, K.) A6: [Freytag adds, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees, that it signifies also A prey (præda).]

طِرْقَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

طَرَقَةٌ: see طَرَقٌ, in four places: b2: and see also طَرْقٌ, last quarter. b3: One says also, وَضَعَ الأَشْيَآءَ طَرَقَةً طَرَقَةً i. e. He put the things one upon another; and so ↓ طَرِيقَةً طَرِيقَةً. (TA.) طُرَقَةٌ (tropical:) A man who journeys by night in order that he may come to his أَهْل [meaning wife] in the night: (S, O, TA:) or one who journeys much by night. (L in art. خشف.) طِرَاقٌ (of which طُرْقٌ is the pl. [app. in all its senses]) Any sole that is sewed upon another sole so as to make it double, (S, * O, K,) matching the latter exactly: (O, K:) [this is called طِرَاقُ نَعْلٍ; for it is said that] طِرَاقُ النَّعْلِ signifies that with which the sole is covered, and which is sewed upon it. (S.) b2: And The skin [meaning sole] of a sandal, (Lth, O, K,) when the [thong, or strap, called] شِرَاك has been removed from it. (Lth, O.) El-Hárith Ibn-Hillizeh [in the 13th verse of his Mo'allakah, using it in a pl. sense,] applies it to the Soles that are attached to the feet of camels: (TA:) or he there means by it the marks left by the طراق of a she-camel. (EM p. 259.) And A piece of skin cut in a round form, of the size of a shield, and attached thereto, and sewed. (O, K.) b3: And Anything made to match, or correspond with, another thing. (Lth, O, K.) b4: Iron that is expanded, and then rounded, and made into a helmet (Lth, O, K) or a [kind of armlet called]

سَاعِد (Lth, O) and the like. (Lth, O, K.) and Any قَبِيلَة [i. e. plate, likened to a قبيلة of the head,] of a helmet, by itself. (Lth, O.) and Plates, of a helmet, one above another. (TA) b5: رِيشٌ طِرَاقٌ Feathers overlying one another. (S.) And طَائِرٌ طِرَاقُ الرِّيشِ A bird whose feathers overlie one another. (TA.) A2: Also A brand made upon the middle of the ear of a ewe, (En-Nadr, O, K,) externally; being a white line, made with fire, resembling a track of a road: (En-Nadr, O:) there are two such brands, called طِرَاقَانِ. (TA.) A3: See also طِرِّيقَةٌ.

طَرِيقٌ A road, way, or path; syn. سَبِيلٌ; (S;) [i. e. a beaten track, being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; and applied to any place of passage;] and ↓ طُرْقَةٌ signifies the same: (K:) [see also مُسْتَطْرَقٌ:] it is masc. (S, O, Msb, K *) in the dial. of Nejd, and so in the Kur xx. 79; (Msb;) and fem. (S, O, Msb, K) in the dial. of El-Hijáz: (Msb:) the latter accord. to general usage: (MF:) [see زُقَاقٌ:] the pl. [of pauc.] is أَطْرِقَةٌ (S, Msb, K) with those who make the sing. masc. (Msb) and أَطْرُقٌ (O, K) with those who make the sing. fem. (TA) and [of mult.] طُرُقٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and طُرْقٌ [of which see an ex. voce دِلَالَةٌ] (K) and أَطْرِقَآءُ, (O, K,) and طُرُقَاتٌ is a pl. pl. (Msb, K) i. e. pl. of طُرُقٌ. (Msb, TA.) b2: In the saying بَنُو فُلَانٍ

يَطَؤُهُمُ الطَّرِيقُ, accord. to Sb, الطَّرِيقُ is for أَهْلُ الطَّلرِيقِ: [the meaning therefore is, (assumed tropical:) The sons of such a one sojourn, or encamp, where the people of the road tread upon them, i. e., become their guests: (see more in art. وطأ:)] or, as some say, الطريق here means the wayfarers without any suppression. (TA.) b3: حَقُّ الطَّرِيقِ [The duty relating to the road] is the lowering of the eyes; the putting away, or aside, what is hurtful, or annoying; the returning of salutations; the enjoining of that which is good; and the forbidding of that which is evil. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer. See جَلَسَ.) b4: قَطَعَ الطَّرِيقَ [He intercepted the road] means he made the road to be feared, relying upon his strength, robbing, and slaying men [or passengers]. (Msb in art. قطع.) [And أَصَابَ الطَّرِيقَ means the same; or, as expl. by Freytag, on the authority of Meyd, He was, or became, a robber.] b5: [Hence,] اِبْنُ الطَّرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) The robber [on the highway]. (T in art. بنى.) b6: [But أَهْلُ طَرِيقِ اللّٰهِ means (assumed tropical:) The devotees.] b7: أُمُّ طَرِيقٍ, thus correctly in the 'Eyn, [and shown to be so by a verse there cited, q. v. voce عَسْبٌ,] (assumed tropical:) The hyena: erroneously written by Sgh, ↓ امّ طُرَّيْقٍ; and the author of the K has copied him in this instance accord. to his usual custom. (TA.) b8: See also أُمُّ الطَّرِيقِ and أُمَّةُ الطَّرِيقِ in art. ام. b9: بَنَاتُ الطَّرِيقِ means (assumed tropical:) The branches of the road, that vary, and lead in any, or every, direction. (TA.) b10: طَرِيقٌ signifies also The space between two rows of palm-trees; as being likened to the طَرِيق [commonly so called] in extension. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b11: أَخَذَ فُلَانٌ فِى الطَّرِيقِ means the same as أَخَذَ فِى التَّطْرِيقِ [expl. before: see 2, near the end]. (TA.) b12: طَرِيقٌ as syn. with طَرِيقَةٌ: see the latter word, first sentence. b13: [بِالطَّرِيقِ الأَوْلَى is a phrase of frequent occurrence, app. post-classical; lit. By the fitter way; meaning with the stronger reason; à fortiori: see an ex. in Beyd xlii. 3, and De Sacy's Anthol. Gr. Ar. p. 467.]

A2: Also A sort of palm-tree. (TA.) b2: See also طَرِيقَةٌ (of which it is said to be a pl.), last sentence.

طُرَيْقٌ: see أُطَيْرِقٌ.

طَرُوقَةٌ A she-camel covered by the stallion; of the measure فَعُولَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (Msb.) طَرُوقَةُ الفَحْلِ means The female of the stallion [camel]. (S, O.) And (S, O) A she-camel that has attained to the fit age for her being covered by the stallion: (S, O, Msb, K:) it is not a condition of the application of the term that he has already covered her: (Msb:) or a young, or youthful, she-camel that has attained to that age and kept to the stallion and been chosen by him. (TA.) And one says to a husband, كَيْفَ طَرُوقَتُكَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) How is thy wife? (TA:) every wife is termed طَرُوقَةُ زَوْجِهَا, (O,) or طروقة بَعْلِهَا, (Msb,) or طروقة فَحْلِهَا; (K, * TA;) which is thought by ISd to be metaphorical. (TA.) b2: One says also, نَوَّخَ اللّٰهُ الأَرْضَ طَرُوقَةً

لِلْمَآءِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) God made, or may God make, the land capable of receiving the water [of the rains so as to be impregnated, or fertilized, or soaked, thereby]; expl. by جَعَلَهَا مِمَّا تُطِيقُهُ. (S in art. نوخ.) [See also a verse cited in art. سفد, conj. 4.]

طَرِيقَةٌ A way, course, rule, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like, (syn. مَذْهَبٌ, S, TA, and سِيرَةٌ, and مَسْلَكٌ, TA,) of a man, (S, TA,) whether it be approved or disapproved; (TA;) as also ↓ طَرِيقٌ, which is metaphorically used in this sense: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [like مَذْهَبٌ, often relating to the doctrines and practices of religion: and often used in post-classical times as meaning the rule of a religious order or sect:] and meaning also a manner of being; a state, or condition; (syn. حَالَةٌ, S, or حَالٌ, O, K;) as in the saying, مَا زَالَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى طَرِيقَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ [Such a one ceased not to be in one state, or condition]; (S;) and it is applied to such as is good and to such as is evil. (O.) One says also, هُوَ عَلَى

طَرِيقَتِهِ [He is following his own way, or course]. (TA voce جَدِيَّةٌ.) لَوِ اسْتَقَامُوا عَلَى الطَّرِيقَةِ, in the Kur [lxxii. 16], means, accord. to Fr, [If they had gone on undeviating in the way] of polytheism: but accord. to others, of the right direction. (O.) [The pl. is طَرَائِقُ.] b2: [It is also used for أَهْلُ طَرِيقَةٍ: and in like manner the pl., for أَهْلُ طَرَائِقَ. Thus,] كُنَّا طَرَائِقَ قِدَدًا, in the Kur [lxxii. 11], means (assumed tropical:) We were sects differing in our desires. (Fr, S, O. [See also قِدَّةٌ.]) And طَرِيقَةُ القَوْمِ means (tropical:) The most excel-lent, (S, O, K, TA,) and the best, (S, O,) and the eminent, or noble, persons, (K, TA,) of the people: (S, O, K, TA:) and you say, هٰذَا رَجُلٌ طَرِيقَةُ قَوْمِهِ (tropical:) [This is a man the most excellent, &c., of his people]: and هٰؤُلَآءِ طَرِيقَةُ قَوْمِهِمْ and طَرَائِقُ قَوْمِهِمْ (tropical:) These are [the most excellent, &c., or] the eminent, or noble, persons of their people: (S, O, K, * TA:) so says Yaakoob, on the authority of Fr. (S, O, TA.) وَيَذْهَبَا بِطَرِيقَتِكُمُ المُثْلَى, in the Kur [xx. 66], means [And that they may take away] your most excellent body of people: (O:) or your eminent, or noble, body of people who should be made examples to be followed: and Zj thinks that بطريقتكم is for بِأَهْلِ طَرِيقَتِكُم: (TA:) or, accord. to Akh, the meaning is, your established rule or usage, and your religion, or system of religious ordinances. (O, TA.) b3: [Also (assumed tropical:) The way, or course, of an event: and hence,] طَرَائِقُ الدَّهْرِ means (assumed tropical:) The vicissitudes of time or fortune. (TA.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) The air of a song &c.: but this is probably post-classical.] b5: Also A line, streak, or stripe, in a thing: (K, TA:) [and a crease, or wrinkle; often used in this sense:] and [its pl.] طَرَائِقُ signifies the lines, or streaks, that are called حُبُك, of a helmet. (TA.) The طَرِيقَة [or line] that is in the upper part of the back: and the line, or streak, that extends upon [i. e. along] the back of the ass. (TA.) [A vein, or seam, in a rock or the like. A track in stony or rugged land &c. A narrow strip of ground or land, and of herbage.] An extended piece or portion [i. e. a strip] of sand; and likewise of fat; and [likewise of flesh; or] an oblong piece of flesh. (TA.) b6: [Hence, app.,] ثَوْبٌ طَرَائِقُ A garment old and worn out [as though reduced to strips or shreds]. (Lh, K.) b7: ذَاتُ طَرَائِقَ and فِيهَا طَرَائِقُ are phrases used, the latter by Dhu-r-Rummeh, in describing a spear-shaft (قَنَاة) shrunk by dryness [app. meaning Having lines, or what resemble wrinkles, caused by shrinking]. (TA.) b8: And طَرَائِقُ signifies also The last remains of the soft and best portions of pasturage. (TA.) b9: And The stages of Heaven; so called because they lie one above another: (TA:) [for] السَّمٰوَاتُ سَبْعُ طَرَائِقَ بَعْضُهَا فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ

[The Heavens are seven stages, one above another]; (Lth, O, TA:) and they have mentioned [likewise] the stages of the earth [as seven in number: and of hell also: see دَرَكٌ]. (TA.) See also طَرَقَةٌ. b10: Accord. to Lth, (O, TA,) طَرِيقَةٌ signifies also Any أُحْدُورَة, (so in the O and in copies of the K and accord. to the TA, and thus also in the JK,) or أُخْدُودَة, (thus accord. to the CK,) [neither of which words have I found in any but this passage, nor do I know any words nearly resembling them except أُحْدُور and أُخْدُود, of which they may be mistranscriptions, or perhaps dial. vars., the former signifying a declivity, slope, or place of descent, and the latter a furrow, trench, or channel,] of the earth or ground: (O, K, TA:) or [any] border, or side, (صَنِفَة,) of a garment, or piece of cloth; or of a thing of which one part is stuck upon another, or of which the several portions are stuck one upon another; and in like manner of colours [similarly disposed]. (O, TA.) b11: And A web, or thing woven, of wool, or of [goats'] hair, a cubit in breadth, (S, O, K, TA,) or less, (S, O, TA,) and in length four cubits, or eight cubits, (TA,) [or] proportioned to the size of the tent (S, O, K, TA) in its length, (S, O,) which is sewed in the place where the شِقَاق [or oblong pieces of cloth that compose the main covering of the tent] meet, from the كِسْر [q. v.] to the كِسْر; (S, O, K, TA;) [it is app. sewed beneath the middle of the tent-covering, half of its breadth being sewed to one شُقَّة and the other half thereof to the other middle شُقَّة; (see Burckhardt's

“ Bedouins and Wahábys,” p. 38 of the 8vo ed.;) and sometimes, it seems, there are three طَرَائِق, one in the middle and one towards each side; for it is added,] and in them are the heads of the tentpoles, [these generally consisting of three rows, three in each row,] between which and the طرائق are pieces of felt, in which are the nozzles (أُنُوف) of the tent-poles, in order that these may not rend the طرائق. (TA.) b12: Also A tent pole; any one of the poles of a tent: a خِبَآء has one طريقة: a بَيْت has two and three and four [and more]: and the part between two poles is called مَتْنٌ: (Az, TA in art. زبع:) or the pole of a [large tent such as is called] مِظَلَّة, (K, TA,) and of a خِبَآء. (TA.) b13: And A tall palm-tree: (K:) or the tallest of palm-trees: so called in the dial. of ElYemámeh: (AA, ISk, S, O:) or a smooth palmtree: or a palm-tree [the head of] which may be reached by the hand: (TA:) pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] ↓ طَرِيقٌ. (AA, ISk, S, O.) طِرَّاقٌ: see طِرْيَاقٌ.

أُمُّ طُرَّيْقٍ: see طَرِيقٌ, latter part.

طِرِّيقٌ means كَثِيرُ الإِطْرَاقِ [i. e. One who lowers his eyes, looking towards the ground, much, or often; or who keeps silence much, or often]; (Lth, O, K;) applied to a man: (Lth, O:) and ↓ مِطْرَاقٌ signifies [the same, or] one who keeps silence much, or often; as also ↓ مُطْرِقٌ [except that this does not imply muchness or frequency]. (TA.) b2: And The male of the [bird called] كَرَوَان; (Lth, O, K;) because, when it sees a man, it falls upon the ground and is silent. (Lth, O.) [See 4.] b3: أَرْضٌ طِرِّيقَةٌ Soft, or plain, land or ground; (O, K;) as though beaten so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled, and trodden with the feet. (TA.) طِرِّيقَةٌ [fem. of طِرِّيقٌ: see what next precedes.

A2: And also a subst., signifying] Gentleness and submissiveness: (S, O:) or softness, or flaccidity, and gentleness: (O, K:) and softness, or flaccidity, and languor, or affected languor, and weakness, in a man; as also ↓ طَرْقَةٌ and ↓ طِرَاقٌ. (TA.) One says, تَحْتَ طِرِّيقَتِكَ لَعِنْدَأْوَةٌ (S, O, K) i. e. Beneath thy gentleness and submissiveness is occasionally somewhat of hardness: (S, O, TA:) or beneath thy silence is impetuosity, and refractoriness: (TA:) or beneath thy silence is deceit, or guile. (K, voce عِنْدَأْوَةٌ, q. v.) طِرْيَاقٌ i. q. تِرْيَاقٌ [q. v.], (O, K,) as also دِرْيَاقٌ; (O;) and so ↓ طِرَّاقٌ. (O, K.) طَارِقٌ [act. part. n. of طَرَقَ; and, as such, generally meaning] Coming, or a comer, (S,) [i. e.] anything coming, (O, Msb,) by night: (S, O, Msb:) one who comes by night being thus called because of his [generally] needing to knock at the door: in the Mufradát [of Er-Rághib] said to signify a wayfarer (سَالِكٌ لِلطَّرِيقِ): but in the common conventional language particularly applied to the comer by night: its pl. is أَطْرَاقٌ, like أَنْصَارٌ pl. of نَاصِرٌ, [and app., as in a sense hereafter mentioned, طُرَّاقٌ also, agreeably with analogy,] and the pl. of [its fem.] طَارِقَةٌ is طَوَارِقُ. (TA.) [طَارِقُ المَنَايَا, like دَاعِى المَنَايَا, means The summoner of death, lit., of deaths; because death makes known its arrival or approach suddenly, like a person knocking at the door in the night.] b2: Hence الطَّارِقُ, mentioned in the Kur [lxxxvi. 1 and 2], The star that appears in the night: (Er-Rághib, O:) or the morning-star; (S, O, K;) because it comes [or appears] in [the end of] the night. (O.) b3: Hence the saying of Hind (S, O) the daughter of 'Otbeh the son of Rabee'ah, on the day [of the battle] of Ohud, quoting proverbially what was said by Ez-Zarkà

El-Iyádeeyeh when Kisrà warred with Iyád, (O,) لَا نَنْثَنِى لِوَامِقِ نَحْنُ بَنَاتُ طَارِقِ نَمْشِى عَلَى النَّمَارِقِ (assumed tropical:) [We are the daughters of one like a star, or a morning-star: we bend not to a lover: we walk upon the pillows]: (S, * O, * TA:) meaning we are the daughters of a chief; likening him to the star in elevation; (O, TA;) i. e. our father is, in respect of elevation, like the shining star: (S:) or بَنَاتُ طَارِقٍ means (assumed tropical:) The daughters of the kings. (T and TA in art. بنى.) b4: And طَارِقٌ signifies also [A diviner: and particularly, by means of pebbles; a practiser of pessomancy: or] one who is nearly a كَاهِن; possessing more knowledge than such as is termed حَازٍ: (ISh, TA in art. حزى:) طُرَّاقٌ [is its p., and] signifies practisers of divination: and طَوَارِقُ [is pl. of طَارِقَةٌ, and thus] signifies female practisers of divination: Lebeed says, لَعَمْرُكَ مَا تَدْرِى الطَّوَارِقُ بِالحَصَى

وَلَا زَاجِرَاتُ الطَّيْرِ مَا اللّٰهُ صَانِعُ [By thy life, or by thy religion, the diviners with pebbles know not, nor the diviners by the flight of birds, what God is doing]. (S, O.) طَارِقَةٌ [a subst. from طَارِقٌ, made so by the affix ة, (assumed tropical:) An event occurring, or coming to pass, in the night: pl. طَوَارِقُ]. One says, نَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ طَوَارِقِ السَّوْءِ (tropical:) [We seek protection by God from] the nocturnal events or accidents or casualties [that are occasions of that which is evil]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And طَارِقَةٌ occurring in a trad. of 'Alee is expl. as signifying طَرَقَتْ بِخَيْرٍ [app. meaning An event that has occurred in the night bringing good, or good fortune]. (TA.) A2: Also A man's [small sub-tribe such as is called] عَشِيرَة, (S, O, K,) and [such as is called] فَخِذ. (S, O.) A3: And A small couch, (IDrd, O, K,) of a size sufficient for one person: of the dial. of El-Yemen. (IDrd, O.) A4: [El-Makreezee mentions the custom of attaching طَوَارِق حَرْبِيَّة upon the gates of Cairo and upon the entrances of the houses of the أُمَرَآء; and De Sacy approves of the opinion of A. Schultens and of M. Reinaud that the meaning is Cuirasses, from the Greek θώραξ: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Arabe, sec. ed., vol. i. pp. 274-5:) but I think that the meaning is more probably large maces; for such maces, each with a head like a cannon-ball, may still be seen, if they have not been removed within the last few years, upon several of the gates of Cairo; and if so, طَوَارِق in this case is app. from طَرَقَ “ he beat: ” see also عَمُودٌ.]

طَارِقِيَّةٌ A قِلَادَة [i. e. collar, or necklace]: (K:) [or rather] a sort of قَلَائِد [pl. of قِلَادَة]. (Lth, O.) أَطْرَقُ A camel having the affection termed طَرَقٌ, inf. n. of طَرِقَ [q. v.]: fem. طَرْقَآءُ: (S, O, K:) and the latter is said by Lth to be applied to the hind leg as meaning having the crookedness termed طَرَقٌ in its سَاق. (O.) أُطَيْرِقٌ and ↓ طُرَيْقٌ A sort of palm-tree of El-Hijáz, (AHn, O, K,) that is early in bearing, before the other palm-trees; the ripening and ripe dates of which are yellow: (O:) AHn also says, in one place, the اطيرق is a species of palm-trees, the earliest in bearing of all the palm-trees of El-Hijáz; and by certain of the poets such are called الطُّرَيْقُونَ and الأُطَيْرِقُونَ. (TA.) تُرْسٌ مُطْرَقٌ [A shield having another sewed upon it: or covered with skin and sinews]: (S:) and مَجَانُّ مُطْرَقَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) or ↓ مُطَرَّقَةٌ, (O, Msb, K,) Shields sewed one upon another; (S, O, K;) formed of two skins, one of them sewed upon the other; (Msb;) like نَعْلٌ مُطْرَقَةٌ a sole having another sole sewed upon it; as also ↓ مُطَارَقَةٌ: (S, O, K:) or shields clad [i. e. covered] with skin and sinews. (S, O.) كَأَنَّ وُجُوهَهُمُ المَجَانُّ المُطْرَقَةُ, or ↓ المُطَرَّقَةُ, occurring in a trad., (Msb, TA,) i. e. [As though their faces were] shields clad with sinews one above another, (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) having rough, or coarse, and broad, faces. (Msb, TA.) b2: And رِيشٌ مُطْرَقٌ Feathers overlying one another. (TA.) مُطْرِقٌ Having a natural laxness of the eye [or rather of the eyelids, and a consequent lowering of the eye towards the ground]: (S, O:) [or bending down the head: or lowering the eyes, looking towards the ground; either naturally or otherwise: (see its verb, 4:)] and silent, or keeping silence. (TA. See also طِرِّيقٌ.) b2: It is also applied as an epithet to a stallion-camel: and to a [she-camel such as is termed] جُمَالِيَّة [i. e. one resembling a he-camel in greatness of make], and, thus applied, [and app. likewise when applied to a stallion-camel,] it may mean That does not utter a grumbling cry, nor vociferate: or, accord. to Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, [quick in pace, for he says that] it is from طَرْقٌ signifying “ quickness of going. ” (Sh, TA.) b3: See also مِطْرَاقٌ, last sentence. b4: And, applied to a man, (tropical:) Low, ignoble, or mean, (K, TA,) in race, or parentage, or in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour. (TA.) A2: Also An enemy: from أَطْرَقَ فُلَانٌ لِفُلَانٍ expl. above [see 4, last sentence]. (TA.) مِطْرَقٌ: see the next paragraph.

مِطْرَقَةٌ The rod, or stick, with which wool is beaten, (S, O, K, TA,) to loosen it, or separate it; (S, * O, * TA;) as also ↓ مِطْرَقٌ. (O, K, TA.) And A rod, or stick, or small staff, with which one is beaten: pl. مَطَارِقُ: one says, ضَرَبَهُ بِالمَطَارِقِ He beat him with the rods, &c. (TA.) b2: and The implement [i. e. hammer] (S, Mgh, O, Msb) of the blacksmith, (S, O,) with which the iron is beaten. (Mgh, Msb.) ذَهَبٌ مُطَرَّقٌ Stamped, or minted, gold; syn. مَسْكُوكٌ. (TA.) b2: And نَاقَةٌ مُطَرَّقَةٌ [like مَطْرُوقَةٌ (q. v.)] (assumed tropical:) A she-camel rendered tractable, submissive, or manageable. (TA.) b3: And جُلٌّ مُطَرَّقٌ [A horse-cloth] in which are [various] colours [app. forming طَرَائِق, i. e. lines, streaks, or stripes]. (O.) b4: See also مُطْرَقٌ, in two places.

قَطَاةٌ مُطَرِّقٌ [thus without ة] A bird of the species called قَطًا that has arrived at the time of her egg's coming forth. (S.) [See also مُعَضِّلٌ.]

مِطْرَاقٌ: see طِرِّيقٌ.

A2: Also A she-camel recently covered by the stallion. (O, TA.) A3: And pl. of مَطَارِيق in the saying جَآءَتِ الإِبِلُ مَطَارِيقَ (TA) which means The camels came in one طَرِيق [i. e. road, or way]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the camels came following one another (S, O, K, * TA) when drawing near to the water. (O, K, TA. [See also a similar phrase voce طَرَقٌ.]) b2: [Hence,] مِطْرَاقُ الشَّىْءِ signifies That which follows the thing; and the like of the thing: (K:) one says, هٰذَا مِطْرَاقُ هٰذَا This is what follows this; and the like of this: (S, O:) and the pl. is مَطَارِيقُ. (S.) b3: And مَطَارِيقُ signifies also Persons going on foot: (K:) one says, خَرَجَ القَوْمُ مَطَارِيقَ The people, or party, went forth going on foot; having no beasts: and the sing. is مِطْرَاقٌ, (O,) or ↓ مُطْرِقٌ, ('Eyn, L, * TA, *) accord. to A 'Obeyd; the latter, if correct, extr. (TA.) مَطْرُوقٌ [pass. part. n. of طَرَقَ; Beaten, &c.].

هُوَ مَطْرُوقٌ means He is one whom every one beats or slaps (يَطْرُقُهُ كُلُّ أَحَدٍ). (TA.) b2: And (tropical:) A man in whom is softness, or flaccidity, (As, S, O, K, TA,) and weakness: (As, S:) or weakness and softness: (TA:) or softness and flaccidity: from the saying هُوَ مَطْرُوقٌ i. e. اصابته حادثة كتفته [which, if we should read كَتَفَتْهُ, seems to mean he is smitten by an event, or accident, that has disabled him as though it bound his arms behind his back; but I think it probable that كتفته is a mistranscription]: or because he is مصروف [app. a mistake for مَضْرُوب], like as one says مَقْرُوع and مَدَوَّخ [app. meaning beaten and subdued, or rendered submissive]: or as being likened, in abjectness, to a she-camel that is termed مَطْرُوقَةٌ [like مَطَرَّقَةٌ (q. v.)]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَطْرُوقَةٌ applied to a woman means [app. Soft and feminine;] that does not make herself like a man. (TA.) [See also a reading of a verse cited voce مَطْرُوفٌ.] b3: Also (tropical:) Weak in intellect, (K, TA,) and soft. (TA.) b4: Applied to herbage, Smitten by the rain after its having dried up. (Ibn-'Abbád, L, K.) b5: See also طَرْقٌ, latter half. Applied to a ewe, مَطْرُوقَةٌ signifies Branded with the mark called طِرَاق upon the middle of her ear. (ISh, O, K.) مُطَارَقٌ: see its fem., with ة, voce مُطْرَقٌ.

مُسْتَطْرَقٌ (tropical:) i. q. سِكَّةٌ [app. as meaning A road, like طَرِيقٌ; or a highway]. (TA.) مُنْطَرِقَاتٌ Mineral substances. (TA.)

توج

2 توّجهُ He crowned him; invested him with the crown. (S, A, Msb, * K.) b2: He made him a prince, lord, or chief. (Msb, * TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He turbaned him; invested him with the turban. (TA.) 5 تتوّج He was, or became, crowned, or invested with the crown. (S, A, K.) [For the verb تَاجَ, in this or a similar sense, mentioned in the Lexicons of Golius and Freytag, in the former as from the K, I find no authority: on the contrary, it is said in the TA that no verb answering to تَائِجٌ has been heard.] b2: He was made, or became, a prince, lord, or chief. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, turbaned, or invested with the turban. (TA.) تَاجٌ A crown; (S, A, K, TA;) i. e. a thing that is made for kings, of gold and jewels; (TA;) peculiar to the عَجَم [or Persians and other foreigners]: (Msb:) [a Persian word:] pl. [of mult.] تِيجَانٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of pauc.]

أَتْوَاجٌ. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A turban; as being likened to a crown. (TA.) It is said in a trad., (TA,) العَمَائِمُ تِيجَانُ العَرَبِ [Turbans are the crowns of the Arabs]; (S, TA;) i. e. turbans are to the Arabs as crowns to the kings; for the Arabs in the deserts are [or were] mostly bare-headed or wearing قَلَانِس [pl. of قَلَنْسُوَةٌ, q. v.]; turbans among them being few. (TA.) b3: Also Silver. (TA.) [See what next follows.]

تَاجَةٌ An ingot of purified silver: originally تَازَهْ, a Persian word, applied to a dirhem recently coined. (TA.) تَائِجٌ Having a تَاج [i. e. crown, or (assumed tropical:) turban]; an epithet applied to an إِمَام: (K:) it is a possessive epithet, like دَارِعٌ, for we have not heard any verb answering to it. (TA.) مُتَوَّجٌ Crowned; applied to a king: (A, TA:) (assumed tropical:) made a prince, lord, or chief: (assumed tropical:) turbaned. (TA.) مَتَاوِجُ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned,] occurring in the saying of Jendel Er-Rá'ee, وَهُنَّ يَعْمِينَ مِنَ المَلَامِجِ بِقَرِدٍ مُخْرَنْطِمِ المَتَاوِجِ signifies [properly The parts of the head] where one is crowned (حَيْثُ يُتَتَوَّجُ) with the turban: (K,* TA:) [but it is evidently here used in a tropical manner; the poet is speaking of she-camels:] the ملامج are the mouths; [or the parts around the mouths;] and the قَرِد, a word like كَتِف, is the accumulated foam which the camel casts forth from his mouth. (TA.) [It seems that the poet means, And they cast forth, from the parts around the mouth, accumulated foam, elongated in the extremities: مُخْرَنْطِم being app. syn. with مُخَرْطَم, as meaning “ elongated like a خُرْطُوم,” or “ snout. ”]

كرس

2 كرّسهُ, (TA,) inf. n. تَكْرِيسٌ, (K, TA,) He put it, or placed it, namely, anything, one part upon another. (TA.) b2: He put it together, one part to another. (TA.) b3: He founded it, namely, a building. (K, TA.) 4 اكرست الدَّارُ The house had in it compacted dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats: S, A, * TA:) and in like manner you say of a place: (TA:) and اكرست الدّابَّةُ The beast of carriage had upon it, (K, TA,) i. e., upon its tail, (TA,) compacted dung and urine. (K, TA.) See كِرْسٌ.5 تكرّس It (anything) became put, or placed, one part upon another. (TA.) b2: It became compacted and cohering; (A, * TA;) as also ↓ تكارس. (TA.) b3: It (the foundation of a building) became hard and strong. (TA.) A2: He collected together fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) 6 تَكَاْرَسَ see 5.

كِرْسٌ Compacted, or caked, or a cake of, dung and urine of camels and of sheep or goats, (S, * A, * K, * TA,) in a house, and upon the traces of men's abode: (TA:) and also, compacted clay or mud: (TA:) pl. أَكْرَاسٌ. (A, TA.) [Hence,] كِرْسُ الحَوْضِ The place in which the camels stand at the watering-trough or tank, and which in consequence becomes compacted [by the mixture of their dung and urine with the soil]. (TA.) b2: كِرْسُ بِنَآءٍ [The foundation, or lowest part of a building: see 2]. (TA.) A2: One of the أَكْرَاس [meaning series or strings of beads] of [the necklaces and similar ornaments called] قَلَائِد and وُشُح and the like: you say, قِلَادَةٌ ذَاتُ كِرْسَيْنِ [a necklace of two such series], and ذَاتُ أَكْرَاسٍ ثَلَاثَةٍ [of three such series], when you join one part to another [in several places, by larger beads: see قِلَادَةٌ مُكْرَسَةٌ, below]. (Lth, K. *) كَرِسٌ: see مُكْرِسٌ.

كُرْسِىٌّ and (sometimes, S, Msb) كِرْسِىٌّ (S, Msb, K) A throne; syn. سَرِيرٌ: (K:) a chair: (TK:) a seat not larger than is sufficient for one person: (Bd, ii. 256:) [and a stool:] pl. كَرَاسِىٌّ (S, Msb, K) and sometimes كَرَاسٍ, agreeably with a rule mentioned by ISk. (Msb.) It is the place [or seat] of the king, and of the learned man: and hence, as used in the Kur ii. 256, it is explained as signifying (tropical:) Dominion: (A:) and (tropical:) the power of God, whereby He holds the heavens and the earth: (TA:) and (tropical:) knowledge: (A, K:) which last explanation is ascribed to I'Ab: but the truth is, that I'Ab explained it as there signifying the [foot-stool of God; or] place of the feet: but as to the عَرْش [of God], this is immeasurable: (Az, TA:) or it signifies the sphere of the stars. (TA, art. عرش.) [Hence, also, you say,] هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الكُرْسِىِّ (tropical:) He is of the people of science. (TK.) [And hence,] الكَرَاسِىُّ is also used [elliptically] to signify (tropical:) The learned men; accord. to Ktr. (A.) b2: Also, A prop, or support, for a wall. (TA.) b3: [ذَاتُ الكُرْسِىِّ The Constellation Cassiopeia: see خَضِيبٌ.]

كِرْيَاسٌ A privy on the top of the roof of a house, (S, A, * Msb, K,) with a conduit from the ground, (K,) or, as in some lexicons, to the ground: one that is below is not so called: (TA:) or the privy of an upper chamber: (MF:) of the measure فِعْيَالٌ, (Az, Msb, K,) from كِرْسٌ, meaning, “ compacted dung and urine of camels, or of sheep or goats: ” (Az, * A, * K, TA:) so called because of the filth that adheres to it, and becomes compacted: (Az, TA:) incorrectly said by some to be also written كِرْبَاسٌ, with the single-pointed letter [ب]: the pl. is كَرَايِيسُ. (TA.) كُرَّاسٌ: see what next follows.

كُرَّاسَةٌ [A quire, or parcel, of paper, generally consisting of five sheets, forming ten leaves, of a book; also vulgarly called كَرَّاسَةٌ and كَرَّاسٌ;] one of what are termed ↓ كُرَّاسٌ and كَرَارِيسُ; [كُرَّاسٌ being a coll. gen. n. and كَرَارِيسُ a pl.;] (S, A, K;) a portion of a صَحِيفَة [i. e. book or volume]: (A, K:) so called because compacted: (TA:) or from تَكَرَّسَ signifying “ he collected together ” fire-wood, &c. (Msb.) You say, فِى هٰذِهِ الكُرَّاسَةِ عَشْرُ وَرَقَاتٍ [In this quire of a book are ten leaves]. (A.) And هٰذَا الكِتَابُ عِدَّةُ كَرَارِيسَ [This book is composed of a number of quires]. (A.) And قَرَأْتُ كُرَّاسَةً مِنْ كِتَابِ سِيبَوَيْهِ [I read a quire of the Book of Seebaweyh]. (A.) And التَّاجِرُ مَجْدُهُ فِى كِيسِهِ وَالعَالِمُ مَجْدُهُ فِى كَرَارِيسِهِ [The merchant's glory is in his purse, and the learned man's glory is in his quires of books]. (A.) مُكْرَسٌ: see مُكْرِسٌ. b2: قِلَادَةٌ مُكْرَسَةٌ and ↓ مُكَرَّسَةٌ A necklace in which the pearls or other beads are strung upon two strings, and these are joined together by divisions of large beads: so in the TS and K, excepting that in the latter, فِى خَيْطٍ is erroneously put for فِى خَيْطَيْنِ. (TA.) [See كِرْسٌ, last signification.] And [in like manner], ↓ نَظْمٌ مُكَرَّسٌ and مُتَكَرِّسٌ A string of beads one above another. (TA.) رَسْمٌ مُكْرِسٌ (S) (in the L and TA مُكْرَسٌ, but the former, being agreeable with the verb, (see 4,) is probably the right reading,] Traces of men's abode in which is a compacted mixture of dung and urine of camels or of sheep or goats. (S, L, * TA. * [And accord. to the second and third of these authorities, ↓ كَرِسٌ seems to signify the same.]) مُكَرَّسٌ: see مُكْرَسٌ: the former, in two places.

مُتَكَرِّسٌ: see مُكْرَسٌ: the former, in two places.

قدم

1 قَدَمَ القَوْمَ

, aor. قَدُمَ

, inf. n. قَدْمٌ (S, * Msb, K) and قُدُومٌ; (K;) and ↓ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ قَدَّمَهُمْ; and ↓ اِسْتَقْدَمَهُمْ; (K:) He became before the people: (TA:) syn. سَبَقَهُمْ; (Msb;) he preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; headed them; led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation. b2: See أَمَّهُمْ. b3: قَدِمَ البَلَدَ, aor. قَدَمَ

, inf. n. قُدُومٌ and مَقْدَمٌ, [He came to, or arrived at, the town, &c.] (Msb.) أَخْذَنِى مَا قَدُمَ وَماَ حَدُثَ: see art. حدث. b4: قَدِمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ i. q.

عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَقْدَمَ [He advanced boldly to undertake the affair]. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse voce مُضَافٌ. b5: See 6.2 قَدَّمَ زَيْدًا إِلَى الحَائِطِ He brought Zeyd near, or caused him to draw near, or to approach, to the wall. (Msb.) b2: قَدَّمَهُ He put it forward; offered it; proffered it. b3: He brought, and brought forward, him or it. b4: قَدَّمَ لَهُ طَعَامًا He proffered, offered, or presented to him, food. b5: قَدَّمَ He did good or evil previously, or beforehand: (Bd, and Jel in xxxvi. 11; &c.:) he laid up in store. (Bd in xii. 48.) See زَلَّفَهُ. b6: قَدَّمَ He made foremost; put, brought, or sent, forward; he advanced him or it: he promoted him. b7: قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيَرِهِ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ, He made him, or it, to be before, or have precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he placed, or put, him, or it, before another; or made him, or it, to precede another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he preferred him, or it, before another; or honoured, or esteemed, him, or it, above another. (Kull, p. 104.) b8: قَدَّمَهُ لِكَذَا He prepared it, or provided it beforehand, for such a thing. See Kur, xii. 48. b9: قَدَّمَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ خَيْرًا He prepared, or provided in store, for himself, good, [i. e. a reward,] with God. (A and Mgh in art. حسب.) b10: قدّم لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He paid him in advance, or beforehand, the price. b11: قَدَّمَ أَنْ پَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; syn. آثَرَ, i. e. فَضَّلَ. (M in art. أَثر.) [Hence, قَدَّمَ العَجْزَ فِىالشَّىْءِ He preferred backwardness with respect to the thing.] (See فَرَّطَ and فُرُطٌ: and see Kull, p. 279.) b12: قَدَّمَ syn. with تَقَدَّمَ, q. v.: like as أَخَّرَ is with تَأَخَّرَ: so in the Kur, xli. 1. (TA, art, أخر.) b13: قَدَّمَ [is trans. and intrans.: for its significations as an intrans. v., see its syn. تقدّم, and see 1:] as a trans. v. it is contr. of أَخَّرَ. (Msb, art. أخر.) b14: قَدَّمَ is syn. with بَدَأَ بِهِ. (Mgh and Msb in art. بدأ.) b15: قَدَّمَ

إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا: see تَقَدَّمَ. b16: See تَأَذَّنَ voce

آذَنَ. b17: قَدَّمَ أَوْلَادًا and قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: see أَفْرَطَ. b18: قَدَّمَهُ and ↓ أَقْدَمَهُ He urged him forward. (Mo'allakát, 157.) b19: قَدَّمَ has تَقْدِمَةٌ for an inf. n. 4 أَقْدَمَ He was bold, or audacious. b2: أَقْدَمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He ventured upon, or addressed himself to, the thing boldly, courageously, or daringly; (S, K;) he attempted it. b3: أَقْدَمَ على قِرْنِهِ He behaved boldly, courageously, or daringly, against his adversary; (Msb;) he attached him. b4: See 1. b5: أَقْدِمْ, (improperly إِقْدِمْ,) said to a horse, Advance boldly! (S.) So rendered voce أَهَابَ, and هَبْ.5 تَقَدَّمَ He was, or became, or went, before, or ahead; preceded; had, or took, precedence; contr. of تَأَخَّرَ, q. v. See 1. b2: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى

الحَائِطِ He drew near, or approached, to the wall. (Msb.) b3: تَقَدَّمَ He advanced; went forward, or onward. (L, art. قود.) b4: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الحَقِّ: see Bd, xviii. 27. b5: تَقَدَّمَ He became advanced, or promoted. b6: تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ كَلاَمٌ: see فَرَطَ: but the primary meaning is, Speech proceeded from him previously. b7: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِ quasi-pass. of قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ; He, or it, was, or became, before, or had precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, before another; preceded another; went before another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, preferred before another; or honoured, or esteemed, above another: in all these senses like تَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ. See بَكَّرَ. b8: تَقَدَّمَ فِى أَمْرٍ [He was forward in an affair] قَبْلَ فِعْلِهِ [before doing it]. (A'Obeyd, T in art. رمى.) b9: تَقَدَّمَ i. q.

سَبَقَ; (K, art. سبق, &c.;) and contr. of تَأَخَّرَ. (TA, art. أخر.) b10: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) He commanded, ordered, bade, charged, or enjoined, him respecting, or to do, such a thing; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَدَّمَ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ. (Msb.) 6 تَقَادَمَ is best rendered It became old: and ↓ قَدُمَ it was old.8 اِقْتَدَى بِهِ He did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) He followed his example, imitated him; &c.10 اِسْتَقْدَمَ He went before. b2: اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ: see art. رحل.

قَدَمٌ The human foot, from the ankle downwards. (Mgh.) b2: لَهُ قَدَمٌ رَاسِخَةٌ فِى العِلْمِ: see art. رسخ. b3: عَلَى قَدَمٍ عَظِيمٍ

On an excellent foundation. b4: فُلَانٌ عَلَى قَدَمِ فُلَانٍ

Such a one is successor of such a one.

قِدَمٌ Oldness; antiquity. b2: Existence, or duration, or time, without beginning; like

أَزَلٌ (Kull, p. 31; &c.) See أَزَلٌ. b3: عَلَى وَجْهِ الدَّهْرِ: قِدَمُ الدَّهْرِ means properly the olden time; antiquity. b4: علَىَ قِدَمِ الدَّهْرِ [In, or from, old, or ancient, time; of old]. (S, M, K, art. أس; in the first and last of which it is coupled with the like phrase.) مِنْ قُدُمٍ

[In front]. (K, voce ظُنْبُوبٌ.) b2: قُدُمٌ: see أُخُرٌ.

قاَدِمَةٌ as applied to a part of a camel's saddle is an improper word: the proper term is وَاسِطٌ.

قَدُومٌ An adz; [so in the present day, but pronounced قَدُّوم;] a certain implement of the carpenter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a فَأْس with which one hews, or forms or fashions by cutting. (S.) قَدِيمٌ Ancient; old; to which no commencement is assigned. b2: مَالٌ قَدِيمٌ Old, or long-possessed, property. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, all in art. تلد.) b3: قَدِيمٌ The reputation (حَسَبٌ) of a man or people. (TA, art. دثر.) See a verse in 1 of art. ثنى. b4: القَدِيمُ, as an epithet applied to God, i. q. القَدِيمُ الأَزَلِىُّ The Ancient without beginning.

القُدَّامُ The location that is before.

قَوادِمُ

: respecting the feathers thus called, see voce مَنَاكِبُ, and أَبْهَرُ.

جَرِىْءُ المُقْدَمِ

: see art. جرأ. المُقْدَم is here syn. with الإِقْدَام.

مَقْدَامٌ Very bold or daring or courageous (S, K,) against the enemy; (S;) as also مَقْدَامَةٌ. (S.) b2: مِقْدَامَةٌ: see voce مِعْزاَبَة. b3: [The pl.]

مَقَادِمُ Fronts; fore parts. See an ex. voce أَعْثَرَ. b4: مَقَادِيمُ The front of the forehead. (JK.) مُقَدَّمٌ A provost, chief, head, director, conductor, or manager. b2: مُقَدَّمٌ The antecedent (or first proposition) in an enthymeme, and (first part) of a hypothetical proposition. b3: مُقَدَّمَةٌ The van, or vanguard, of an army.

مُقَدِّمَةٌ The ground whereon rests an inquiry or investigation: and the ground whereon rests the truth of an evidence or a demonstration: and a [premiss or] proposition which is made a part of a syllogism: and المُقَدِّمَةُ الغَرِيبَةُ is that [premiss] which is both actually and virtually suppressed in the syllogism; as when we say, A is equal to B, and B is equal to C, when it results that A is equal to C, by means of the مُقَدِّمَة غَرِيبَة, which is, every equal to the equal of a thing is equal to that thing. (KT.) مُتَقَدِّمٌ Preceding: anterior; being, or lying, in advance of others. b2: مُتَقَدِّمٌ فِى الأُمُورِ Forward in affairs.

الآمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ in the Kur, xv. 24: see Bd; and see its opposite, المُسْتَأْخِرِينَ.

قض

ى1 قَضَى He finished a thing entirely, by word, or by deed. This is the primary meaning. (Bd, ii. 111.) By word, as in وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ (Idem, ibid.) And thy Lord hath commanded decisively. (Idem, xvii. 24.) And by deed, as in فَقَضَاهُنَّ سَبْعَ سَمٰوَاتٍ [Kur, xli. 11, And he completed them seven heavens]. (Idem, ii. 11.) b2: And He (God) desired a thing so as to necessitate its being. (Idem, ii. 11.) b3: إِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا, [Kur, ii. 111,] When He (God) desireth a thing to be. (Bd, Jel.) b4: [Thus it signifies He decreed a thing; ordained it; pronounced it; or decided it judicially.] b5: قَضَى عَلَيْهِ, aor. قَضِىَ

, inf. n. قَضَآءٌ &c., He decided judicially, or judged, against him; and بَيْنَ الخَصْمَيْنِ between the two litigants. (TA.) See قَدْرٌ. b6: [He completed; accomplished; or fully performed; a thing.] b7: قَضَى He attained, or obtained, or accomplished, his want. (Msb.) b8: [He paid, discharged, or satisfied, a debt, due, claim, or demand.] b9: قَضَيْتُهُ حَقَّهُ I gave him [or paid him] his due, (Msb,) fully. (Har, p. 22.) b10: قَضَى عَنْهُ (S, K, in art. جزى, &c.) He, or it, payed; or made, or gave, or rendered, satisfaction; for him. (TK in that art.) And followed by شَيْئًا [He paid a thing for him, or in his stead; gave, or rendered, it as a satisfaction; lit. and fig.] (S, TA in that art., and Bd in ii. 45.) See جَزَى عَنْهُ; and see a verse cited voce دَانَ, in art. دين. b11: He finished doing a thing: he finished his prayer. (TA.) He performed, fulfilled, or accomplished, the pilgrimage, syn. أَدَّى, (Msb,) and the religions rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, (Bd, Jel in ii. 196,) syn. قَضَىَ بِهِ. (Jel, ibid, Msb.) b12: You also say, حَكَمَ بِهِ He decreed it; &c.; like حَكَمَ بِهِ: see an ex. voce سُلْطَانٌ. b13: قَوْلُهُ مَمَّا يَقْضِى العَجَبَ [His saying such a thing is of the things that induce wonder in the utmost degree]. (TA in art. جلب.) See Har, p. 22. b14: وَقَضَيْنَا إِلَى بَنِى إِسرائِيلَ (Kur, xvii. 4): see إِلَى. b15: قَضُوَ: see غَزُوَ, and هَيُؤَ, and بُطُآنَ; and see طَمُعَ in the S.3 قَاضَاهُ He cited him before a judge. (TA.) 5 تَقَضَّىَ see 7.6 تَقاَضَاهُ الدَّيْنَ He took, or received, from him the debt. (M, K.) b2: See 10. b3: and see تَشَارَيَا. 7 انقضى and ↓ تقضّى

It passed away; came to an end, or to nought; became cut off. (K, TA.) 8 اِقْتَضَى كَذَا It required such a thing: it required the inference of such a thing: it necessarily implied, or involved, such a thing as its consequence or concomitant; it required such a thing to be conceded; it necessitated such a thing. b2: اِقْتَضَاهُ حَقَّهُ He demanded of him his due. (MA.) b3: إِقْتَضَيْتُ مِنْهُ حَقِّى

I took, or received, from him my due. (Mgh, Msb.) 10 اِسْتَقْضَيْتَهُ I demanded of him the giving [or payment] of my due, (Msb, K, *) or debt; (K;) and in like manner دَيْنِى ↓ تَقَاضَيْتُهُ and بِدَيْنِى. (Mgh.) قَضَآءٌ a term of the law; opposed to أَدَآءٌ, which see: and see an ex. cited voce صَحَّ. b2: A decree; an ordinance; a sentence, or a judicial decision. See عُودٌ, حُكْمٌ and دِينٌ. b3: قَضَآءٌ The exercise of the office of a kádee. [You say]

القَضَآءُ جَمْرٌ [meaning, the exercise of the office of a Kádee is one that often leads to hell]. (L, art. عود.) قَضِيَّةٌ A thing; an affair; a matter; a case; an event; an action: significations well known, but not found by me in any classical writing, nor in any lexicon, excepting as implied when the word is used in explanations: syn. أَمْرٌ and شَأْنٌ. b2: A case of law. (L in art. جهد.) b3: قَضِيَّةٌ كُلِّيَّةٌ [A universal or general prescript, rule, or canon]. (Kull, voce قَاعِدَة, p. 290; KT, in explanation of the same word.) b4: قَضِيَّةٌ in logic, A proposition.

مُقْتَضَى

[Exigence.] b2: مُقْتَضَى اللَّفْظِ That which the word, or expression, indicates. (ElFárábee, Msb, voce مُعْنًى.)