غير
1 غَارَ أَهْلَهُ, (
S,
Msb,) and غار لَهُمْ, (
TA,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. غِيَارٌ (
S,
Msb) and غَيْرٌ, (
Msb,
TA,)
i. q. مَارَهُمْ, (
S,
Msb,
TA,) i. e. He brought, or conveyed, to his family, مِيرَة [or a provision of corn, or wheat, &c.] (
Msb.) [See also art. غور.]
b2: And He benefited them. (
S,
K, *
TA.) 'AbdMenáf Ibn-Riba El-Hudhalee says مَا ذَا يَغِيرُ ابْنَتَىْ رِبْعٍ عَوِيلُهُمَا [What will their loud weeping benefit, or avail, the two daughters of Riba?] meaning that their weeping for their father will not avail them aught in lieu of seeking his blood-revenge. (
S,
TA.) Yousay غَارَهُمْ بِخَيْرٍ, (
S,
K,
TA,)
aor. and
inf. n. as above, (
TA,) He (God) bestowed upon them abundance of the produce of the earth, and rain; (
TA in art. غور;) like as you say أَعْطَاهُمْ خَيْرًا: (
S,
K:) and so غارهم بِرِزْقِ [He bestowed upon them means of subsistence]. (
TA.) And اَللّٰهُمَّ غِرْنَا بِخَيْرٍ (
S,
Msb) O God, benefit us with prosperity. (
Msb.) And غَارَهُمْ بِمَطَرٍ He (God) watered them with rain, (
S,
K,
TA,) and bestowed upon them abundance of the produce of the earth. (
TA.) And غَارَ الأَرْضَ الغَيْثُ The rain watered the land. (
Fr,
S.) [See also art. غور.]
A2: غَارَهُ,
aor. ـِ (
AO,
S,
K,)
inf. n. غَيْرٌ, (
TA,) He gave him the bloodwit; (
AO,
S,
K;) as also غارهُ,
aor. ـُ (
AO,
S,
TA;) مِنْ أَخِيهِ [for his brother]: and so ↓ غيّرهُ. (
TA.) [See غِيرَةٌ.]
A3: غَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (
S,) or على امْرَأَتِهِ, (
Msb,
K,)
aor. ـَ
inf. n. غَيْرَةٌ, (
S,
Msb,
K,) with fet-h, (
S,
Msb,
TA,) and غَيْرٌ and غَارٌ (
S,
Msb,
K) and غِيَارٌ, (
K,) [He was jealous of his wife:] he was jealous for her (مِنْ فُلَانٍ of such a one:
Mgh): [he was careful of her, to avoid suspicion: or he regarded her conduct with disdain, scorn, or indignation: (see غَيْرَةٌ, below:) or] he was angry at the conduct, or action, of his wife. (
Msb.) And غَارَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [His wife was jealous of him: &c.]. (
M, b,
K.) [See also art. غور.] And you say also, فُلَانٌ لَا عَلَى أَهْلِهِ ↓ يَتَغَيَّرُ, meaning لَا يَغَارُ [Such a one is not jealous of his wife: &c.]. (
TA.) 2 غيّر الشَّىْءَ, (
S,
Msb,
K, *)
inf. n. تَغْيِيرٌ, (
Msb,) He made the thing other than it was; (
K;) made it cease to have the quality which it had; (
Msb;) altered it; changed it. (
K.) He, or it, altered, or changed, the thing in odour, or otherwise, for the worse; corrupted, tainted, or infected, it; rendered it ill-smelling, stinking, fetid, rancid, rank, fusty, or frouzy. (The lexicons passim.) It is said in the
Kur [viii. 55], ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّ اللّٰهَ لَمْ يَكُ مُغَيِّرًا نِعْمَةً أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَى قَوْمٍ حَتَّى يُغَيِّرُوا مَا بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ [This was because God changeth not favour which He hath conferred upon a people until they change what is in themselves: or] until they change what God hath commanded them to do. (
Th,
TA.)
b2: [And He exchanged the thing for another thing.]
b3: غيّر الشَّيْبَ He plucked out the white, or hoary, hairs. (
TA.)
b4: غيّر عَنْ بَعِيرِهِ He put down the saddle from his camel, and put it to rights, or adjusted it, or repaired it. (
TA.) One says تَرَكَ القَوْمَ يُغَيِّرُونَ He left the people putting to rights, or adjusting, or repairing, the camels' saddles. (
S,
TA.)
A2: See also 1, latter half.
3 غَاْيَرَ [غَايَرَا,
inf. n. مُغَايَرَةٌ, They differed, each from the other.] You say بَيْنَهُمَا مُغَايَرَةٌ Between them two is a difference. (
Msb.) [See also 6.]
A2: غايرهُ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. مُغَايَرَةٌ, (
S,) He bartered, or exchanged, with him, in buying and selling. (
S,
K.) And غايرهُ بِالسِّلْعَةِ,
inf. n. as above, He bartered, or exchanged, the article of merchandise with him. (
TA.) And غاير السِّلْعَةَ, (
TA,)
inf. n. غِيَارٌ, (
S,
K,
TA,) He exchanged the article of merchandise. (
S, *
K, *
TA.) El-Aashà says فَلَا تَحْسِبَنِّى لَكُمْ كَافِرًا وَلَا تَحْسِبَنِّى أُرِيدُ الغِيَارَا [Therefore do thou by no means think me ungrateful towards you; and do thou by no means think I desire the making an exchange]. (
S,
TA.) 4 اغار أَهْلَهُ [He made his wife jealous;] he married another in addition to his wife, so she became jealous (غارت): (
As,
A'Obeyd,
Msb,
K:) belonging to this art. and to art. غور. (
TA.) 5 تغيّر quasi-
pass. of غيّر, (
S,
Msb,) [It became other than it was;] it ceased to have the quality which it had; (
Msb;) it became altered, or changed, عَنْ حَالِهِ, from its state or condition. (
K.) It became altered, or changed, in odour, or otherwise, for the worse; turned, or turned bad; became corrupted, spoiled, tainted, infected, illsmelling, stinking, fetid, rancid, rank, fusty, or frouzy. (The lexicons passim.)
b2: [And It became exchanged for another thing.]
b3: See also 1, last signification.
6 تغايرت الأَشْيَآءُ The things differed, one from another. (
S.) 8 اغتار He procured مِيرَة [a provision of corn, or wheat, &c.]. (
K.) You say خَرَجَ يَغْتَارُ لِأَهْلِهِ He went forth to procure ميرة for his family. (
Fr,
Sgh.)
b2: He derived, or obtained, benefit, advantage, or profit. (
TA.) See also art. غور.
غَيْرٌ signifies
i. q. سِوًى [Other]: and the
pl. is أَغْيَارٌ: (
S:) [but غَيْر itself often has a
pl. meaning, as will be seen in what follows:] or [
accord. to general usage, as will be seen below,] غَيْرُ signifies
i. q. سِوَى [other than; exclusively of; or not, as used before a substantive or an adjective]. (
Msb,
K: in the
CK [erroneously] سِوًى.) It is used to qualify a
subst.; [governing (as a
prefixed noun) the noun that follows it in the
gen. case;] and when so used, it is put in the same case as the noun preceding it. (
S.) It qualifies an indeterminate noun: (
Mughnee,
Msb:) you say جَآءَنِى رَجُلٌ غَيْرُكَ [A man, other than, or not, thou, came to me]: (
Msb:) and نَعْمَلْ صَالِحًا غَيْرَ الَّذِى كُنَّا نَعْمَلُ [We will in that case do good, other than, or not, what we used to do: (
Kur xxxv. 34:)]: (
Mughnee:) and مِنْ مَآءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ
[Of water other than, or not, altered in taste and colour]. (
Kur xlvii. 16.) It is a noun necessarily prefixed, as to the sense, to a noun which it governs in the
gen. case: but sometimes it is without the latter, when the meaning is understood and it is preceded by لَيْسَ, (
Mughnee,
K,) or by لَا: (
K:) [in which case it signifies Any other person or thing; any person or thing beside, or else:] you say قَبَضْتُ عَشَرَةً لَيْسَ غَيْرُهَا [I received ten; not other than they was received by me; i. e., not any other thing; or not anything beside, or else]; (
Mughnee,
K;) the
enunciative, مَقْبُوضًا, being suppressed: (
Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَهَا, (
Mughnee,
K;) the noun [of ليس] being understood; i. e., لَيْسَ المَقْبُوضُ غَيْرَهَا: (
Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرَ; in which the affixed noun [ for المضاف, in the
K, I read المضاف اليه, as in the
Mughnee,] is suppressed, and the noun [of ليس] is also understood: (
Mughnee,
K:) and ليس غَيْرُ; (
Mughnee,
K;) in which,
accord. to
Mbr, and the later authors, غير is
indecl., being likened to قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, so that it may be either the noun or the
enunciative [of ليس] or,
accord. to
Akh, it is
decl., because it is not a noun of time like قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ, nor of place like فَوْقُ and تَحْتُ, but like كُلٌّ and بَعْضٌ, so that it is the noun [of ليس], and the
enunciative is suppressed; (
Mughnee;) or it may be either
indecl. or
decl., (
Mughnee,
K,)
accord. to Ibn-Kharoof: (
Mughnee:) and ليس غَيْرًا, and ليس غَيْرٌ; (
Mughnee,
K;) in both which cases it is
decl., as though the affixed noun were mentioned: (
Mughnee:) and لَا غَيْرُ; for the saying, [which we find in the
Mughnee,]
app. taken from a statement of
Seer, that this is incorrect, is not good, since it occurs in the following verse, cited by Ibn-
Málik; جَوَابًا بِهِ تَنْجُو اعْتَمِدْ فَوَرَبِّنَا لَعَنْ عَمَلٍ أَسْلَفْتَ لَا غَيْرُ تُسْأَلُ [Aim thou at having an answer by which thou mayest be safe; for, by our Lord, respecting an action which thou shalt have done before, not any other thing, or not anything beside or else, thou wilt be asked]. (
K.)
b2: It does not become determinate by its being prefixed to another noun, because it is very vague: but it is also applied as an
epithet to a determinate noun which is near to being indeterminate; as in صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [The way of those upon whom Thou hast conferred favour; the other than, or those who are not, the objects of anger; (
Kur i. 6 and 7;)] because the noun rendered determinate by the art. ال denoting a genus is near to being indeterminate, and because when غير occurs between two contraries its vagueness becomes weakened, (
Mughnee,
K, *) or altogether departs: (
K:) or it is here applied as an
epithet to a determinate noun because it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to such a noun: (
Msb:)
Az says that غير is here in the
gen. case because it is an
epithet to الذين; and that it may be an
epithet to [what is technically termed in this instance] a determinate noun [as having the article ال prefixed to it] because الذين has not [in itself] a direct meaning (لِأَنَّ الَّذِينَ غَيْرُ مَصْمُودٍ صَمْدُهُ), [it being merely a
conjunct noun, the meaning of which is determined by what follows it,] notwithstanding it has the art. ال prefixed to it: Abu-l-'Abbás says that
Fr holds الذين to have the office of an indeterminate noun; and غير to be an
epithet of it; not of any other noun; but that غير,
accord. to some, may be an
epithet relating to the nouns implied in انعمت عليهم, these not having a direct meaning:
Akh says that غير [with what follows] is a substitute [for الذين with what follows], as though the meaning were صِرَاطَ غَيْرِ المَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ [the way of those who are not the objects of anger]. (
TA.) The reading غَيْرَ is also related, on the authority of Ibn-Ketheer, in the
accus. case, as a denotative of state, [meaning they being not the objects of anger,] relating to the pronoun governed in the
gen. case by the
prep. [in عليهم]; or by أَعْنِى [I mean] understood; or as an exceptive, [
accord. to a usage to be explained below,] if the favours be interpreted as conferred in common upon the two classes of persons. (
Bd.)
b3: As it resembles a determinate noun in its being prefixed to a determinate noun, [as المغضوب in the above-cited passage of the
Kur,] some have presumed to prefix to it the article ال: but against this it may be urged, that its prefixion to a determinate noun is not to render the expression determinate, but for specification; and ال does not imply specification. (
Msb.)
b4: In the following verse of Hassán, أَتَانَا فَلَمْ نَعْدِلْ سِوَاهُ بِغَيْرِهِ نَبِىٌّ بَدَا فِى ظُلْمَةِ اللَّيْلِ هَادِيَا the meaning is, [A prophet came to us, who appeared in the darkness of night, a director in the right way,] and we did not weigh another than him with another than the other, i. e., with him. (
Mughnee.)
b5: [وَغَيْرُ ذٰلِكَ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning Et cœtera.]
b6: غَيْرُ is also used in the sense of لَيْسَ [He, or it, is not]; as in the phrase كَلَامُ اللّٰهِ غَيْرُ مَخْلُوقٍ [The word of God is not created],
syn. لَيْسَ بِمَخْلُوقٍ. (
Az,
TA.)
b7: It is also used in the sense of لَا [meaning Not, as used before a participle]; (
S,
K;) and then it is in the
accus. case, as a denotative of state; (
S;) as in the phrase فَمَنِ اضْطُرَّ غَيْرَ بَاغٍ, (
S,
K,) in the
Kur [ii. 168, and other places], (
S,) i. e., جَائِعًا لَا بَاغِيًا [But whosoever is necessitated, being hungry, not transgressing the due bounds]. (
S,
K.)
b8: It is also used as an exceptive, (
S,
Mughnee,) in the sense of إِلَّا [Except; save; or but]; (
Msb,
K;) and then it is put in the same case in which the word following إِلَّا would be put in the same phrase, (
S,
Mughnee,
Msb,
K,) because it is originally a qualificative, and its use as an exceptive is adventitious: (
S:) therefore you say جَآءَ القَوْمُ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ [The people came, except Zeyd]; and مَا جَآءَنِى أَحَدٌ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ and غَيْرُ زَيْدٍ [Not any one came to me, except Zeyd]: (
Msb,
K:) or its case depends upon the governing words, so that you say مَا قَامَ غَيْرُ زَيْدٍ
[No one stood, except Zeyd], and مَا رَأَيْتُ غَيْرَ زَيْدٍ
[I saw not any, except Zeyd]: (
Msb:) but
Fr says that some of the Benoo-Asad and Kudá'ah put غير in the
accus. case, when used in the sense of إِلَّا, whether the phrase before it be complete or incomplete; saying مَا جَآءَنِى غَيْرَكَ [Not any one came to me, except thou], and ما جاءنى أَحَدٌ غَيْرَكَ [Not any one came to me, except thou]: (
S,
Msb:) and
AA says that when غير has the place of إِلَّا, it is put in the
accus. case. (
Msb.) In the saying لَا إِلٰهَ غَيْرُ اللّٰهِ [There is no deity other than God], غير is in the
nom. case because it is the
enunciative of لا; but it may be put in the
accus. case, as meaning إِلَّا. (
Msb.) When, as an exceptive, it is prefixed to an
indecl. word [and not preceded by a
prep.], it may be itself
indecl., with fet-h for its termination; as in the following verse; لَمْ يَمْنَعِ الشُّرْبَ مِنْهَا غَيْرَ أَنْ نَطَقَتْ حَمَامَةٌ فِى غُصُونٍ ذَاتِ أَوْقَالِ [Nought prevented the drinking from it, except that a pigeon cooed, upon branches having اوقال, which
app. means stumps of cut shoots]. (
Mughnee,
K.) [See also an
ex. (of غَيْرَ أَنَّ) in a verse cited
voce بَيْدَ.]
b9: [It is often used with a
prep.; as in بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ Without reckoning; (
Kur ii. 208, &c.;) and مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوْءٍ Without leprosy. (
Kur xx. 23, &c.)]
A2: غَيْرٌ (
JK,
K) and (
JK) ↓ غِيَرٌ (
JK,
S) signifying The act of altering, or changing,
i. q. تَغْيِيرٌ, (
JK,) are substs. from غَيَّرَهُ; (
S with respect to the latter, and
K with respect to the former;) not
inf. ns., as having no unaugmented verb. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] الدَّهْرِ ↓ غِيَرُ, the former of these two words being of the same measure as عِنَب, The accidents, or casualties, of time or fortune, which alter, or change, things: (
K:) [or alteration, or change, of time or of fortune; for]
IAmb says, with respect to the saying لَا أَرَانِى اللّٰهُ بِكَ غِيَرًا [May God not show me, in thee, alteration of state], that غِيَرٌ is from تَغَيُّرُ الحَالِ, a
subst. like قِطَعٌ [as meaning “ a portion of the night ”]; or that it may be a
pl., of which the
sing. is ↓ غِيْرَةٌ. (
TA.)
b3: [Hence also,] بَنَاتُ غَيْرٍ [or ↓ غِيَرٍ, as in Freytag's Arab.
Prov. i. 309,] (
tropical:) Lying: or a lie, or falsehood:
syn. كَذِبٌ: (
TS,
K:) or [rather] lies. (
JK, A.) You say جَآءَ بِبَنَاتِ غَيْرٍ [or ↓ غِيَرٍ] (
tropical:) He uttered lies. (
A.) غِيَرٌ: see غَيْرٌ, last quarter, in four places:
b2: and see also غِيرَةٌ.
غَيْرَةٌ [Jealousy;] a man's dislike of another's participating in that which is his [the former's] right: (
Kull p. 268:) or care of what is sacred, or inviolable, to avoid suspicion: or disdain; scorn; or indignation:
syn. حَمِيَّةٌ and أَنَفَةٌ: (
TA:) or anger at the conduct, or action, of a wife. (
Msb.) [See 1, last signification.]
غِيرَةٌ A provision of corn, or wheat, &c., which a man procures for himself;
syn. مِيرَةٌ; (
S,
Msb,
K,) as also ↓ غِيَارٌ: (
TA:) [or the latter is probably
syn. with مِيرَةٌ used in the sense of an
inf. n.:]
pl. of the former غِيَرٌ. (
Msb.) [See art. غور.]
A2: See also غَيْرٌ, last sentence but two.
b2: Also A bloodwit; (
AA,
S,
K;)
syn. دِيَةٌ: (
AA,
S: *) and غِوَرٌ is a
dial. var. thereof: (
TA in art. غور:)
pl. ↓ غِيَرٌ: (
AA,
S,
K:) or, as some say, this is a
sing., (
S,
TA,) of the
masc. gender;
TA;) and the
pl. is أَغْيَارٌ: (
S,
TA:) and the دِيَة is said to be termed غِيَرٌ because it is a substitute for retaliation. (
TA.) غَيْرَانُ;
fem. غَيْرَى: see غَيُورٌ, in two places.
غِيَارٌ The cognizance, or badge, of the free nonmuslim subjects of a Muslim government; such as the زُنَّار [or waist-belt] (
Mgh,
K) to the Magians, (
Mgh,) and the like: (
Mgh,
K:) or, as some say, the cognizance, or badge, of the Jews. (
TA.)
b2: كَلامٌ بِغِيَارِهِ (assumed
tropical:) Speech, or language, having its own proper guise; not altered therefrom. (
Msb in جلف.)
A2: See also غِيرَةٌ.
غَيُورٌ and ↓ غَيْرَانُ (
S,
Msb,
K) and ↓ غَيَّارٌ (
TA) and ↓ مِغْيَارٌ (
S,
K) epithets [all of which are intensive] from غَارَ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ, (
S,
Msb,
K,) i. e., from الغَيْرَةُ: (
TA:) [Very jealous: &c.: see غَيْرَةٌ:] and غَيُورٌ and غَيْرَى (
S,
Msb,
K) and غَيَّارَةٌ (
TA) signify the same applied to a woman: (
S,
Msb,
K:) the
pl. of غَيُورٌ is غُيُرٌ, (
S,
Msb,
K,)
masc. and
fem., (
S,
K,) and he who says رُسْلٌ [for رُسُلٌ] says غُيْرٌ [or غِيرٌ?]; (
TA;) and of ↓ غَيْرَانُ, غَيَارَى and غُيَارَى; (
S,
Msb,
K;) and of غَيْرَى, also, غَيَارَى (
S,
Msb,
K) and غُيَارَى; (
Msb;) and of ↓ مِغْيَارٌ, مَغَايِيرُ. (
S,
K.) غَيَّارٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.
أَغْيَرُ مِنَ الحُمَّى [More jealous than fever:] because a fever cleaves fast to its patient, like as a very jealous woman cleaves to her husband. (
TA.) أَرْضٌ مَغِيرَةٌ and ↓ مَغْيُورَةٌ, Land watered: (
S,
K:) or rained upon: (
TA:) the former [like the latter] is with fet-h to the م. (
S.) مُغَيِّرٌ One who puts down the furniture of his camel from off him, to relieve and ease him. (
TA.) مِغْيَارٌ: see غَيُورٌ, in two places.
ارض مَغْيُورَةٌ: see مَغِيرَةٌ.
