Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane (d. 1876) المعجم العربي الإنجليزي لإدوارد وليام لين

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ربط

ربط

1 رَبَطَ, (S, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ and رَبُطَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَبْطٌ, (Msb, TA,) He tied, bound, or made fast, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a thing, (S, Msb, * K, * TA,) and a beast; (Mgh, TA;) and in like manner ↓ ارتبط he tied, or bound, a beast with a rope, in order that he might not run away. (TA.) You say, كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ ↓ فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts: or the verb may here have a different signification, explained below]. (S, TA.) And it is said in a prov., اِسْتَكْرَمْتَ فَارْبِطْ, or, accord. to one relation, أَكْرَمْتَ, i. e. Thou hast found a generous horse, therefore do thou preserve him; or, as some relate it, ↓ فَارْتَبِطْ: relating to the duty of preservation. (TA.) See also 3. b2: رَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He held back, or drew back, from him, or it; as though he confined, and bound, himself. (TA, from a trad.) b3: رَبَطَ جَأْشُهُ, inf. n. رِبَاطَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) His heart became strong, and firm, and resolute, (K, * TA,) so that he did not flee on the occasion of fear. (TA. [In the CK, رَبَطَ جَأْشَهُ, which would be more properly rendered (tropical:) He strengthened, or fortified, his heart.]) b4: رَبَطَ لِذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ جَأْشًا (tropical:) He constrained himself to be patient, and confined, or restricted, himself to that thing, or affair. (TA.) b5: رَبَطَ اللّٰهُ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ (Msb, K) بِالصَّبْرِ (Msb) (tropical:) God inspired him with patience. (Msb, K.) Thus in the Kur [xviii. 13], وَرَبَطْنَا عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ (tropical:) And we inspired them with patience: (TA:) or strengthened them with patience. (Bd.) and in like manner in [viii. 11 and] xxviii. 9. (TA.) 3 المُرَابَطَةُ signifies, (K, TA,) in its primary acceptation, (TA,) Two [hostile] parties' tying of their horses, each at their frontier, and each in preparation for the other: (K, TA:) and رِبَاطُ الخَيْلِ and مُرَابَطَتُهَا signify the same [as above]. (S, TA.) [You say, رَابَطَ الفَرِيقَانِ The two parties tied their horses at their respective frontiers, each in preparation for the other.] And one says, with reference to horses, ↓ رَبَطَ, inf. n. رَبْطٌ and رِبَاطٌ, as well as رابط, inf. n. مُرَابَطَةٌ and رِبَاطٌ. (Bd in viii. 62.) Hence, (Sgh, L, K,) رابط, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. رِبَاطٌ (S, Mgh, Sgh, L, K) and مُرَابَطَةٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He, or it, (an army, Mgh) kept post, or remained, on, or at, the frontier (S, Mgh, Sgh, L, K) of the enemy, (S, Msb, K,) or over against the enemy. (Mgh.) And hence, i. e. from this latter application, (AAF, TA,) رابط الأَمْرَ, (TK,) inf. n. رِبَاطٌ (AAF, K) and مُرَابَطَةٌ, (TK,) (assumed tropical:) He kept, or applied himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to the thing, or affair. (AAF, K, TK.) It is said in the Kur [ch. iii., last verse], اصْبِرُوا وَصَابِرُوا وَرَابِطُوا Be ye patient in endurance of what your religion requires, and vie ye in patience with your enemy, and persevere ye in fighting against your enemy, (Mgh, TA,) and in tying the horses [at the frontier]: (TA:) or the last of these verbs means keep ye post, or remain ye, on, or at, the frontier [of the enemy]: (Az, K:) or (assumed tropical:) be ye mindful of the times of prayer: or (assumed tropical:) apply yourselves constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to prayer: (TA:) or (assumed tropical:) wait ye for prayer after prayer; the doing this being termed by the Prophet رِبَاطٌ; (Az, K, TA;) which word, thus used, is an inf. n. of رَابَطْتُ; or, as some say, a simple subst., meaning, in this case, a thing whereby one is tied from acts of disobedience, and restrained from forbidden deeds. (TA.) [See also صَابَرَ.]6 ترابط المَآءُ فِى مَكَانِ كَذَا وَكَذَا (tropical:) The water remained in, or did not quit, or go forth from, such and such a place. (TA.) 8 إِرْتَبَطَ see 1, in three places. b2: ارتبط فَرَسًا He took a horse for the purpose of tying him, or keeping post, on the enemy's frontier. (K, * TA.) A2: [He, or it, became tied, bound, or made fast.]

b2: ارتبط فِى الحَبْلِ He became caught, or entangled, in the rope. (Lh.) b3: اِرْتِبَاطٌ is also explained by AO and Ez-Zejjájee as syn. with اعْتلَاقٌ. (TA.) [Thus, ارتبطهُ signifies He, or it, attached himself, or itself, or clung, or clave, to him, or it: (see a citation from Lebeed, voce بَعْضٌ:) and app. also (assumed tropical:) he loved him.]

رِبَاطٌ A thing with which one ties, binds, or makes fast, (S, Msb, K,) a skin, (S, Msb,) and a beast, (S,) &c.; (S, Msb;) a rope with which a beast is tied: (Mgh:) pl. رُبُطٌ (S, Msb, K) and رُبْطٌ; (S, TA;) the latter a contraction of the former: (TA:) and ↓ مِرْبَطٌ and ↓ مِرْبَطَةٌ also signify a thing with which a beast is tied. (K.) It is said in a prov., إِنْ ذَهَبَ عَيْرٌ فَعَيْرٌ فِى الرِّبَاطِ [If an ass is gone away, an ass is tied to the cord]: relating to contentment with what is present and relinquishment of what is absent. (Mgh.) [See also 3.] b2: [Hence,] used by the vulgar in the sense of أُخْذَةٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) A kind of fascination by which enchantresses withhold their husbands from other women. (TA in art. اخذ.) b3: A snare for catching game. (S, Mgh.) You say, قَطَعَ الظَّبْىُ رِبَاطَهُ [The gazelle rent his snare]. (S.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The heart: (K:) as though the body were tied thereby. (TA.) Hence, (TA in art. قرض,) قَرَضَ ربَاطَهُ (assumed tropical:) He died: (M and K in that art.:) or he was at the point of death. (K in that art.) And جَآءَ فُلَانٌ وَقَدْ قَرَضَ رِبَاطَهُ (tropical:) Such a one came having turned away, or back, harassed, distressed, or fatigued, (S, TA, and Az and Az in art. قرض,) and at the point of death: (Az, Az:) or harassed, or distressed, by thirst, or by fatigue: (A in art. قرض:) or in a state of intense thirst and hunger. (M in that art.) b5: (assumed tropical:) The spirit: as in the saying of El-'Ajjáj, describing a wild bull, فَبَاتَ وَهْوَ ثَابِتُ الرِّبَاطِ [And he passed the night firm in spirit]. (TA.) A2: See also رَبِيطٌ, (of which it is a pl., or pl. pl.,) in three places.

A3: A single building of those which are called رِبَاطَاتٌ: (S, K:) [a public building for the accommodation of travellers and their beasts; (see بَرِيدٌ;) an application well known, and mentioned in the TK:] a religious house, or house inhabited by devotees; a dwelling for Soofees; (El-Makreezee's “ Khitat ”

ii. 427;) [a hospice, or an asylum for poor Muslim students and others, like زَاوِيَةٌ;] a building for the poor: in this sense post-classical: pl., accord. to analogy, رُبُطٌ and رِبَاطَاتٌ. (Msb.) رَبِيطٌ Tied, bound, or made fast; as also ↓ مَرْبُوطٌ; (K, TA;) applied to a horse, (Mgh,) or similar beast (دَابَّة); as also ↓ مَرْبُوطَةٌ; (TA;) applied to the former, i. q. مَرْبُوطٌ; (Mgh;) or مَايُرْتَبَطُ [which may perhaps signify the same; but more probably, taken to be tied, or for keeping post, on the enemy's frontier]; (S;) and [in like manner]

رَبِيطَةٌ, applied to the latter, i. q. مَاارْتُبِطَ: (K:) and رَبِيطٌ applied to a horse also signifies tied and fed in the court of a house: (TA:) pl. رُبُطٌ (TA) and ↓ رِبَاطٌ, (Mgh,) or the latter is a pl. pl., being pl. of رُبُطٌ. (TA.) الخَيْلِ ↓ مِنْ رِبَاطِ, in the Kur [viii. 62], means Of horses that are tied; (Bd, Mgh;) رِبَاطٌ being of the measure فِعَالٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعولٌ; or an inf. n. used as a subst., being an inf. n. of رَبَطَ in the sense of رَابَطَ; (Bd;) or it is an inf. n. of رَابَطَ; and therefore [when used as an epithet, like any inf. n. so used,] is applied to one as well as to a pl. number; (Ham p. 222;) or pl. of رَبِيطْ: (Bd, Mgh:) or it means of mares: (Fr, TA:) and رِبَاطٌ signifies horses; five thereof, and upwards: (S, K:) or horses, themselves, that are taken to be tied, or for keeping post, on the enemy's frontier. (L.) And you say, لِفُلَانٍ

مِنَ الخَيْلِ ↓ رِبَاطٌ Such a one has a stud constituting the source of his horses; like as you say تلَادٌ. (S.) ↓ رَابطَةٌ, also, applied to horses, signifies Tied in a town or country or the like: occuring in a trad., in which it is said that upon every horse shall be levied a deenár; but upon the رابطة, nothing: properly meaning, in this case, ذَاتُ الرَّبْطِ; being like رَاضِيَةٌ in the phrase عِيشَةٌ رَاضِيَةٌ. (Mgh.) b2: See also رَابِطٌ. b3: Also, and ↓ رَابِطٌ, (assumed tropical:) A monk: one who abstains from worldly pleasures: a sage who restrains himself from worldly things. (K, TA.) [In the L and TA, الرَّبِيطُ is also explained, as on the authority of Ez-Zejjájee, as signifying الذَّاهِبُ; but this I think a mistranscription, for الرَّاهِبُ.]

A2: (assumed tropical:) Unripe dates soaked [in water]: (S, K:) or (assumed tropical:) fresh ripe dates soaked with water; also called مَنْقُوشٌ: (Sgh, TA in art. نقش:) or (tropical:) dried dates (A 'Obeyd, IF, A, K) put into jars (جِرَار), (A 'Obeyd, A,) and having water poured upon them, (A 'Obeyd, IF, K,) or moistened with water, in order that they may become like fresh ripe dates: (A:) but perhaps this is an adventitious term: (IF:) some say that it is رَبِيدٌ, and not original. (TA.) رَبَّاطٌ One who ties bow-strings. (TA.) رَابِطٌ [act. part. n. of 1]. b2: خَلَّفَ فُلَانٌ بِالثَّغْرِ جَيْشًا رَابِطَةً [Such a one left behind him on the frontier an army having their horses tied in preparation for the enemy; or keeping post]. (S.) And بِبَلَدِ كَذَا رَابِطَةٌ مِنَ الخَيْلِ [In such a town, or country, or the like, is a company of horsemen having their horses tied at the frontier in preparation for the enemy; or keeping post on the frontier: or it may perhaps mean, a number of horses tied: see رَبِيطٌ]. (S.) ↓ مُرَابِطَةٌ also signifies A company of warriors; or of men warring against an enemy: (Mgh:) or a company of men having their horses tied at the frontier in preparation for the enemy; or keeping post on the frontier; and in like manner [its pl.] مُرَابِطَاتٌ, a company of horsemen having their horses tied &c. (TA.) b3: فُلَانٌ رَابِطُ الجَأْشِ, and الجَأْشِ ↓ رَبِيطُ, (tropical:) Such a one is strong in heart: (S:) or courageous: (K:) as though he tied himself from flight, (S, TA,) and restrained himself. by his boldness and courage. (TA.) b4: نَفْسٌ رَابِطٌ (assumed tropical:) A spirit [still attached to the body, and consequently not doomed, but] having ample power, or liberty, [and] capable of good; syn. وَاسِعٌ أَرِيضٌ. (K.) An Arab is related by IAar to have said, اَللّٰهُمَّ اغْفِرْلِى وَالجِلْدُ بَارِدٌ وَالنَّفْسُ رَابِطٌ وَالصُّحُفُ مُنْتَشِرَةٌ وَالتَّوْبَةُ مَقْبُولَةٌ [O God, forgive me while the skin is cool, not heated by fever, and the spirit is yet attached to my body, and is at liberty, and capable of good, and the volumes in which my actions are registered are still expanded, and repentance is accepted]: he meant thereby, while he was in health; before death. (TA.) b5: See also رَبِيطٌ, in two places.

رَابِطَةٌ [fem. of رَابِطٌ. b2: Also] A tie, or connection, of any kind; syn. عُلْقَــةٌ [q. v.] and وُصْلَةٌ. (TA.) [This meaning of رابطة is well known, though omitted in the S and K &c. b3: Hence, (assumed tropical:) The copula in a proposition.]

مَرْبِطٌ (S, Mgh, K) and مَرْبَطٌ, (S K,) the former used by him who says أَرْبُطُ, and the latter by him who says أَرْبُطُ, (IB,) The place where a thing, (S,) or where a beast, (Mgh, K,) is tied, bound, or made fast: (S, Mgh, K:) a stable: pl. مَرَابِطُ. (Har p. 33.) You say, لَيْسَ لَهُ مَرْبَِطُ عَنْزٍ [He has not so much as, or even, a place where a she-goat is tied]. (S.) Each is a noun of place used in a definite manner; so that you may not say, هُوَ مِنِّى مَرْبَطَ الفَرَسِ, like مَنَاطَ الثُّرَيَّا. (TA: [in which, however, the word مناط has been inadvertently omitted.]) b2: [Also A place where soldiers tie their horses at the frontier in preparation for the enemy; or where they keep post on the frontier; as also ↓ مُرَابَطٌ. You say,] الغُزَاةُ فِى مَرَابِطِهِمْ and ↓ مُرَابَطَاتِهِمْ The warriors are in their places where they tie their horses at the frontier in preparation for the enemy; or where they keep post on the frontier. (TA.) مِرْبَطٌ: see رِبَاطٌ.

مِرْبَطَةٌ: see رِبَاطٌ. b2: Also A slender plaited thong which is bound over the pad (حَشِيَّة, for which, in the copies of the K, we find erroneously substituted خَشَبَة, TA,) of the رَحْل [or camel's saddle]. (K, *, TA.) مَرْبُوطٌ, and its fem., with ة: see رَبِيطٌ.

مُرَابَطٌ: pl. مُرَابَطَاتٌ: see مَرْبِطٌ, in two places.

مُرَابِطَةٌ: see رَابِطٌ.

هُوَ مُرْتَبِطٌ كَذَا وَكَذَا مِنَ الخَيْلِ He takes, or is taking, such and such [a number] of horses for the purpose of tying them, or keeping post, on the enemy's frontier. (TA.) مَآؤٌ مُتَرَابِطٌ (tropical:) Water remaining in a place, not quitting it, or not going forth from it. (EshSheybánee, * S, * K, * TA.)

عث

عث

1 عَثَّتْهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. عَثٌّ, said of the عُثَّة [or moth-worm], It ate it, or fretted it, namely, wool, (S, Msb, K, TA,) and a garment [&c.]. (TA.) And عُثَّ, said of wool [&c.], It was eaten, or fretted, by the عُثّ [or moth-worm, or moth-worms]. (TA.) b2: Also, (O, TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (K, TA,) said of a serpent (حَيَّة), It bit him. (O, K, TA.) And It (a serpent) blew upon him, without biting him, and his hair in consequence fell off. (TA.) b3: And عَثَّنِى, (O,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He importuned me (O, K *) by asking. (TA.) [And عَتَّنِى signifies the same.]2 عَثَّّ see the next paragraph, in two places.3 عاتّ, (O,) inf. n. مُعَاثَّةٌ and عِثَاثٌ; (O, K;) and ↓ عثّث, (O,) inf. n. تَعْثِيثٌ; (K;) He raised his voice with singing: (O:) or he trilled, or quavered, in singing: (K:) or he raised his voice with singing, and trilled, or quavered: (L:) and عاثّ فِى غِنَائِهِ, inf. n. as above; and ↓ عثّث; he trilled, or quavered, in his singing. (TA.) And عِثَاثٌ is also used to signify The sounding [or ringing] of a bow when its string has been pulled to try its strength: some say that it is like the تَرَنُّم [or ringing] of a basin when it has been struck. (O, TA.) عَثٌّ: see عُثَّةٌ.

عُثٌّ i. q. سُوسٌ [i. e. The moth-worm that eats, or frets, wool, or woollen cloths]: (Msb:) [and the book-worm, or species of moth-worm that eats books: applied to both of these in the present day: and,] accord. to IAar, an insect [of the same kind] that clings to skin, or leather, and eats it: (TA:) [and the weevil; i. e.] the kind of worm, or grub, that eats corn; also called سُوسٌ: (M in art. سوس:) one thereof is termed ↓ عُثَّةٌ: (Msb:) [i. e.] عُثَّةٌ signifies a سُوسَة [or mothworm] that eats, or frets, wool: (S, A, O, K:) or a worm, or grub, that attacks wool and cloths (Mgh and Msb in art. سوس) and wheat or other food; (Mgh in that art.;) also called سُوسَةٌ: (Mgh and Msb in that art.:) and it is said to be the أَرَضَة, [generally signifying the wood-fretter, but here meaning] a certain insect that eats wool, and skin, or leather: (Msb:) the pl. of عُثَّةٌ is عُثَثٌ, (O,) or عُثٌّ, (K,) or both, (S,) or [rather]

عُثٌّ, which is expl. by IDrd as a pl., is a gen. n., having a pl. meaning though it is a sing: (TA:) the pl. of عُثٌّ is عِثَاثٌ. (Msb.) An Arab of the desert, being asked respecting his son, said, أُعْطِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مِنْ مَالِى دَانِقًا وَإِنَّهُ فِيهِ لَأَسْرَعُ مِنَ العُثِّ فِى الصُّوفِ فِى الصَّيْفِ [I give him, every day, of my property, a dánik (a small silver coin), and verily he is quicker in consuming it than the moth-worm in wool in the summer]. (TA.) And one says, فُلَانٌ عُثُّ مَالٍ, (S, O,) meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one is a consumer of property; (PS;) like as one says إِزَآءُ مَالٍ, (S, O,) meaning “ a manager of property. ” (PS.) [See also عُثَّةٌ below: and عُثَيْثَةٌ.]

A2: أَطْعَمَنِى سَوِيقًا حُثًّا عُثًّا means [He fed me with meal of parched barley or wheat] not moistened and beaten up with anything greasy [such as clarified butter &c.]. (O: in the TA حُثًّا وَعُثًّا.) عَثَّةٌ: see the paragraph here following.

عُثَّةٌ: see عُثٌّ. b2: It is also an appellation of (tropical:) An old woman: (S, O, K:) as though, by reason of her corrupt state or conduct, and want of skill or understanding, she were a سُوسَة. (TA.) b3: Also, (O, K, TA,) and ↓ عَثَّةٌ, (TA,) A woman foul, or obscene, in tongue; (O, K, TA;) despised; obscure, or reputeless: (TA:) and a foolish, or stupid, woman: (O, K:) or, the former signifies, accord. to Az, a woman obscure, or reputeless; whether she be, or be not, lean, or emaciated: and the latter, accord. to IDrd, a woman lean, or spare, in body: and in like manner ↓ عَثٌّ applied to a man: (O:) the pl. of عثّة is عِثَاثٌ. (TA.) عِثَاثٌ Vipers that eat one another in a time of drought. (O, K.) b2: Also pl. of عُثٌّ: (Msb:) b3: and of عُثَّةٌ or عَثَّةٌ. (TA.) عُثَيْثَةٌ dim. of عُثَّةٌ [n. un. of عُثٌّ, q. v.]. (L.) It is said in a prov., عُثَيْثَةٌ تَقْرِمُ جِلْدًا أَمْلَسَا [A little moth-worm gnawing a smooth skin]: applied to a man endeavouring to make an impression, or produce an effect, upon a thing, and unable to do so: (S, O, L, K: *) and said in contempt of a man and of what the latter says in finding fault with one who is free from faults. (O.) عَثَّآءُ The serpent. (O, K.)

كيل

كيل

8 اِكْتَالَ عَلَيْهِ and مِنْهُ

: see عَلَى in the sense of مِنْ.

كَيْلٌ

: see مِكْيَالٌ.

كَيَّالٌ [A measurer of corn and the like]. (A, art. بخس.) مِكْيَالٌ A measure with which corn is measured; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ كَيْلٌ; (Msb;) a measure of capacity.

شكر

شكر

1 شَكَرَ لَهُ, and شَكَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, K,) but the former is the more chaste, (S,) and the latter is for شَكَرَ نِعْمَتَهُ, (A,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. شُكْرٌ and شُكْرَانٌ (S, A, * Msb, K) and شُكُورٌ, (S, K) which last, in the Kur lxxvi. 9, may be either an inf. n. or pl. of شُكْرٌ [used as a simple subst.], (S,) He thanked him; or praised, eulogized, or commended, him, for a benefit or benefits: (S:) he was grateful, or thankful, to him; or he acknowledged his beneficence, and spoke of it largely: (S, * K: [but in the S, the verb in the former sense has شُكْرٌ only for its inf. n., and it is implied that in the latter sense it has for its inf. n. only شُكْرَانٌ, as will be seen below:]) and شَكَرَ لِلّٰهِ, and شَكَرَ اللّٰهَ, (Lh, Msb, K,) which latter is less common than the former, and even disallowed by As in prose, though allowed by him in verse, (Msb,) and شَكَرَ بِاللّٰهِ and شَكَرَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ, and شَكَرَ بِنِعْمَةِ اللّٰهِ, (Lh, K,) and شَكَرَ لِلّٰهِ نِعْمَتَهُ, (A,) inf. n. شُكْرٌ and شُكْرَانٌ (Msb) [and شُكُورٌ], He thanked, or praised, God for his beneficence: (A:) he was grateful, or thankful, to God; or acknowledged his beneficence, and spoke of it largely: (K:) he acknowledge the beneficence of God, and acted in the manner incumbent on him in rendering Him obedience and abstaining from disobedience; so that شُكْر is in word and in deed: (Msb:) and لَهُ ↓ تَشَكَّرَ signifies the same as شَكَرَ لَهُ: (S, A, Msb, K:) you say, لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ ↓ تَشَكَّرْتُ [I thanked him, &c., for what he did]: (A:) and لَهُ بَلَآءَهُ ↓ تشكّر [He was grateful to Him, &c., i. e. to God, for his probation]: (K:) and أَشْكُرُ إِلَيْكَ نِعَمَ اللّٰهِ [I praise to thee, or mention to thee with thanks, the favours of God]: (L in art. حمد:) [but there are many explanations of شَكَرَ beside those given above: its meanings will be more fully shown by what here follows:] شُكْرٌ is the thanking a benefactor; or praising, eulogizing, or commending, him, (S, A,) for a benefits: (S:) or the being grateful, or thankful; or acknowledging beneficence; and speaking of it largely; and [in the copies of the K, “or,” but this is evidently a mistake,] it is only on account of favour received; (K;) and شُكْرَانٌ is [the same, being] contr. of كُفْرَانٌ: (S:) شُكْرٌ [sometimes] differs from حَمْدٌ; (Msb in art. حمد;) for شكر is only on account of favour received; whereas حمد is sometimes because of favour received, (Th, Az, TA in art. حمد, and Msb ubi suprà,) and sometimes form other causes; (Th ubi suprà;) [and thus] the latter is of more common application than the former; (S in art. حمد;) therefore you do not say شَكَرْتُهُ عَلَى

شَجَاعَتِهِ, but you say حَمِدْتُهُ على شجاعته: (Msb ubi suprà:) or شُكْرٌ is more common than حَمْدٌ with respect to its kinds and means, and more particular with respect to the objects to which it relates; and the latter is more common with respect to the objects to which it relates, and more particular with respect to the means; for the former is, with the heart, the being humble, or lowly, and submissive; and with the tongue, the act of praising, eulogizing, or commending; and acknowledging beneficence; and with the members, the act of obeying, and submitting one's self; and the object to which it relates is the benefactor, exclusively of his essential qualities; therefore one does not say شَكَرْنَا اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَيَاتِهِ [we thanked God for his existence, or praised Him, &c.]; but He is مَحْمُود on that account, like as He is for his beneficence; and شُكْرٌ is also for beneficence: thus حَمْدٌ relates to every object to which, as an object, شُكْرٌ relates; but the reverse is not the case: and everything whereby is حمد, thereby is شكر; but the reverse is not the case; for the latter is by means of the members, or limbs, and the former is by means of the tongue: شُكْرٌ is of three kinds; with the heart, or mind, which is the forming an [adequate] idea of the benefit; and with the tongue, which is the praising, eulogizing, or commending, the benefactor; and with the members, or limbs, which is the requiting the benefit according to its desert: it rests upon five foundations; humility of him who renders it towards him to whom it is rendered; his love of him; his acknowledgment of his benefit; the eulogizing him for it; and his not making use of the benefit in a manner which he [who has conferred it] dislikes: it is also explained as devotion of the heart to love of the benefactor, and of the members to obey him, and the employment of the tongue in mentioning him and eulogizing him: [and there are several other explanations of it which it is unnecessary to add:] some say that it is formed by transposition from كَشْرٌ, the “ act of uncovering, or exposing to view: ” others, that it is from عَيْنٌ شَكْرَى “ a full fountain, or eye; ” accord. to which etymology it would signify the being full of the praise of the benefactor. (B, TA.) b2: شُكْرٌ on the part of God signifies (tropical:) The requiting and commending [a person]: (K:) or (assumed tropical:) the forgiving a man: or (tropical:) the regarding him with content, satisfaction, good will, or favour: and hence, necessarily, (tropical:) the recompensing, or rewarding, him: the saying شَكَرَ اللّٰهُ سَعْيَهُ signifies (tropical:) May God recompense, or reward, his work, or labour. (TA.) A2: شَكِرَتْ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. شَكَرٌ, (S,) (tropical:) Her (a camel's) udder became full (S, K, TA) of milk: (S, TA:) or she (a camel) obtained a good share of leguminous herbage, or [other] pasturage, and in consequence abounded with milk after having had little milk: (T, TA:) and she (a beast;) became fat, (K, TA,) and her udder became full of milk. (TA.) b2: And شَكِرَ (tropical:) He was, or became, liberal, or bountiful, (A, K,) after having been niggardly: (A:) or he gave largely after having been niggardly. (K.) A3: شَكِرَتْ said of a tree (شَجَرَةٌ), (Fr, S, A, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَكَرٌ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) It produced, or put forth, what are termed شَكِير, (Fr, S, K,) i. e. what grow around it, from its أَصْل [i. e. root, or base, or stem]; (S;) as also ↓ اشكرت, (Fr, TA,) and ↓ اشتكرت: (Sgh, TA:) or its شَكِير, i. e. sappy twigs or shoots, from its stem, or small leaves beneath the large, became abundant. (A.) b2: and شَكِرَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَكَرٌ; (TA;) and شَكَرَ, aor. ـُ and ↓ اشكر; (K;) said of palm-trees (نَخْلٌ), (assumed tropical:) They had many شَكِير, i. e. offsets, or suckers. (AHn, K, * TA.) b3: And شَكَرَ and ↓ اشكر and ↓ اشتكر are all verbs from شكِيرٌ. (K.) [It is said in the K that these verbs are from شكير in all of certain significations there mentioned; app. meaning, all that are there mentioned after the next preceding verb: and hence they seem to have the significations here following: b4: said of palmtrees (نَخْل), (assumed tropical:) They put forth leaves around their branches:: b5: and, said of trees in general شَجَرَ, (assumed tropical:) They put forth branches: b6: and (assumed tropical:) They produced bark: b7: and, said of a grape-vine, (assumed tropical:) it grew from a shoot planted: b8: in the TA it seems to be implied that, said of a vine, they signify (assumed tropical:) It put forth long shoots, or upper shoots.]3 شَاكَرْتُهُ I showed him that I was thankful, or grateful, (A, O, K,) to him. (A.) A2: and شَاكَرْتُهُ الحَدِيثَ I commenced with him discourse. (O, K.) 4 اشكر القَوْمُ (assumed tropical:) The people's camels had their udders full of milk (شَكِرَتْ إِبِلُهُمْ): (K:) or the people's camels became fat: (TA:) or the people milked a camel or sheep or goat having her udder full of milk, i. e., such as is termed شَكِرَة: (S:) or the people milked camels or sheep or goats having their udders full of milk, one such after another: (O, TA: [but for اِحْتَلَبُوا شَكْرَةً شَكْرَةً in the O, and شُكْرَةً شُكْرَةً in the TA, I read احتلبوا شَكِرَةً شَكِرَةً, agreeably with what here next precedes:]) or the people, having alighted in a place where their camels found herbs, or leguminous plants, had abundance of milk from them. (T, TA.) b2: اشكر said of an udder: see 8. b3: اشكرت الأَرْضُ (assumed tropical:) The land produced fresh herbage after other herbage that had become dried up and dusty. (TA.) b4: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph, in three places.5 تشكّر: see 1, in three places. b2: Also [He affected, or made a show of, thankfulness, or gratitude: (see تَحَمَّدَ:) or] he seemed, or appeared, thankful, or grateful. (KL.) 8 اشتكر (tropical:) It (an udder) became full (S, K, TA) of milk; (S, TA;) as also ↓ اشكر. (K.) b2: اشتكرت السَّمَآءُ (assumed tropical:) The rain fell vehemently: (S:) or the sky rained much. (K.) b3: اشتكرت الرِيَاحُ (assumed tropical:) The winds brought rain: (K:) or blew violently: or, as is said on the authority of A'Obeyd, were contrary; but ISd says that this is a mistake. (TA.) b4: Also اشتكر (assumed tropical:) It (heat, and cold,) became intense. (K.) b5: (tropical:) He (a man) strove, exerted himself, or did his utmost, in his running. (K, TA.) A2: Also (assumed tropical:) It became what is termed شَكِير [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph, in two places. b3: [Hence, app.,] (tropical:) It (a fœtus) put forth downy hair. (A.) شَكْرٌ The vulva, or pudendum, of a woman: (S, M, Msb, K:) or the flesh thereof: (M, K, * MF:) as also ↓ شِكْرٌ, in either of these senses: (K:) pl. شِكَارٌ: (Msb, TA:) لَحْمُهَا, in the K, as the second explanation, is a mistake for لَحْمُهُ. (MF.) It is said in a trad., نَهَى عَنْ شَكْرِ البَغِىِ, meaning He forbade the giving hire for prostitution; the word ثَمَنِ being understood as prefixed to شكر. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. نِكَاحٌ [i. e. The act of compressing, or of contracting marriage with, a woman]. (TS, K.) شُكْرٌ and inf. n. of شَكَرَ: (S, A, * Msb, K:) and it may [be used as a simple subst., and, as such,] have for its pl. شُكُورٌ. (S. [See 1.]) شِكْرٌ: see شَكْرٌ.

شُكْرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Fulness of the udder of a camel; and so ↓ شَكَرِيَّةٌ is expl. in the TK;] a subst. from أَشْكَرَ القَوْمُ [q. v.]. (K.) One says, هٰذَا زَمَنُ الشُّكْرَةِ, so in the L and other lexicons, (TA,) or ↓ الشَّكَرَةِ, (so in my copies of the S,) or ↓ الشَّكَرِيَّةِ, (so in the O and K,) (assumed tropical:) [This is the time of the fulness of the udder,] when the camels abound with milk, or have their udders full, (إِذَا حَفَلَتْ, q. v.,) from the [herbage called] رَبِيع. (S, O, L, K.) شَكَرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَكِرَةٌ (tropical:) A she-camel, (As, S, A, K,) and ewe or she-goat, (A,) having her udder full (As, S, A, K) of milk, (S,) whatever be the fodder, or herbage, she has eaten; (A;) as also ↓ مِشْكَارٌ: (K:) or the former, that has obtained a good share of leguminous herbage, or of [other] pasture, and in consequence abounds with milk after having had little milk: (T, TA:) and ↓ the latter, that abounds with milk though having had but a small share of pasture: (TA:) or that abounds with milk in summer and ceases in winter: (IAar, TA:) pl. of the former شَكَارَى, (S, K,) applied to camels and to sheep or goats, (S,) and شَكْرَى (K) and شَكِرَاتٌ: (S, K:) and شَكَارَى is applied to camels, and sheep or goats, as meaning abounding with milk, or having their udders full, (إِذَا حَفَلَتْ,) from the [herbage called] رَبِيع. (S, TA.) [↓ شَكْرَى is also a sing. epithet, having a similar signification: as well as a pl.] One says ↓ ضَرَّةٌ شَكْرَى (tropical:) An udder abounding with milk: (A:) or having much milk. (S.) And ↓ عَيْنٌ شَكْرَى (assumed tropical:) A full source or eye. (B, TA.) And ↓ فِدْرَةٌ شَكْرَى (assumed tropical:) A fat piece of flesh-meat: (K:) or (tropical:) [a piece of flesh-meat] flowing with grease, or gravy: (A: [but in my copy, قِدْرَةٌ is erroneously put for فِدْرَةٌ:]) pl. شَكَارَى. (A.) شَكْرَى: see the next four preceding sentences.

شَكَرِيَّةٌ: see شُكْرَةٌ, in two places.

شَكُورٌ an intensive epithet, (TA,) signifying كَثِيرُ الشُّكْرِ [i. e. One who thanks much; or who is very thankful or grateful: see 1]: (K, TA:) and one who is earnest, or does his utmost, in thanking his Lord, or in being thankful or grateful to Him, by obedience to Him, performing his appointed religious services: (TA:) or one who does his utmost in showing his thankfulness, or gratitude, with his heart and his tongue and his members, or limbs, with firm belief, and with acknowledgment [of benefits received]: or who sees his inability to be [sufficiently] thankful or grateful: or who renders thanks, or is thankful or grateful, for probation: or, for what is denied him: (KT:) pl. شُكُرٌ. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A beast that is sufficed by little fodder or herbage, (S, A,) and that fattens upon it: (A:) or that fattens upon little fodder or herbage: (K:) as though thankful for that small benefit. (TA.) b3: الشَّكُورُ, applied to God, (tropical:) [He who approves, or rewards, or forgives, much, or largely:] He who gives large reward for small, or few, works: He in whose estimation small, or few, works performed by his servants increase, and who multiplies his rewards to them. (TA.) شَكِيرٌ (tropical:) The shoots that grow around a tree, from its أَصْل [i. e. root, or base, or stem]: (S:) or sappy twigs or shoots, that grow from the stem of a tree: or small leaves beneath the large: (A:) or fresh and tender twigs or shoots, that grow among such as have become thick and tough: and what grow at, or upon, the أُصُول [i. e. roots, or bases, or stems,] of large trees: or small leaves that grow at, or upon, the root, or base, or stem, of a tree: (IAar, TA:) and offsets, or suckers, or sprouts, of palm-trees: (K:) and the leaves that are around the branches of the palm-tree: (Yaa-koob, K:) and plants, and hair, and feathers, and abundant ostrich-feathers (عِفَآء, K, TA, in the CK عَفاء), such as are small, growing among such as are large: or the first, of herbage, growing after other herbage that has become dried up and dusty: (K:) and downy hair, or down: and any soft, fine hair: (A:) or hair growing among the plaits: pl. شُكُرٌ: and weak hair: (TA:) and hair at the roots of a horse's mane, (K, TA,) like down, and in the forelock: (TA:) and the hair that is next to the face and the back of the neck: (A, K:) and branches: (AHn, K: [in the CK, والغُصُونِ is erroneously put for والغُصُونُ:]) and the bark (لِحَآء) of trees: pl. شُكُرٌ: (K:) and the pl. also signifies the long shoots of a grape-vine: or its higher, or highest, shoots: (AHn, TA:) and the sing., a grape-vine growing from a planted shoot. (AHn, K, TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) Young men: (A:) or young offspring. (TA, from a trad.) b3: And (tropical:) The young ones of camels: (K, TA:) as being likened to the شَكِير of palm-trees. (TA.) شَكَائِرُ (assumed tropical:) Forelocks: (K, TA:) as though pl. of شَكِيرَةٌ [which may be n. un. of شَكِيرٌ]. (TA.) شِكُورِيَةٌ a name applied in the present day to Cichorium, intybus and endivia; wild and garden-succory, and endive; as also هِنْدَبَى, correctly هِنْدَبًى.]

شَاكِرِىٌّ A hired man, or hireling; one taken as a servant: an arabicized word, from [the Pers\.] چَاكَرْ. (O, K.) شَوْكَرَانٌ: see the next paragraph.

شَيْكُرَانٌ (S, K) and شَيْكَرَانٌ, (K,) [in the CK, erroneously, شَكْرَان and with damm to the ك,] or the correct form is شَيْكُرَانٌ, with damm to the ك as Ibn-Hishám El-Lakhmee and El-Fárábee have expressly affirmed; (TA;) or it is correctly with س, (K,) unpointed, and so it is mentioned by AHn; (TA;) [but see سَيْكُرَانٌ;] or correctly ↓ شَوْكَرَانٌ, (K,) as Sgh holds to be the case, (TA,) [and thus it is written in several medical books, from the Pers\. شَوْكَرَانْ; accord. to Golius, Cicuta herba, and applied in the present day to conium, i. e. hemlock, or a species thereof; and this is probably what is meant by Golius, as the conium maculatum, or common hemlock, is called by some cicuta;] a certain plant, (S, K,) of the kind called حَمْض, (so in a marginal note in a copy of the S,) the stem of which is like that of the رَازِيَانَج [or fennel], and the leaves of which are like those of the [species of cucumber called.]

قِثَّآء, or, as some say, like those of the يَبْرُوح [q. v.], and smaller; having a white flower, and a slender stem, without any fruit; and its seed is like [that of] the نَانَخَوَاة [or ammi], or [of] the أَنِيسُون [or anise], without taste or odour, and mucilaginous. (TA.) أَشْكَرُ [More, and most, thankful, or grateful, &c.: see an ex. voce بَرْوَقٌ].

عُشْبٌ مَشْكَرَةٌ (O, K, TA, in the CK مُشْكِرَةٌ,) (assumed tropical:) Herbage that causes milk to be copious. (O, K, TA. [In the CK, مُغْزَرَةُ اللَّبَنِ is erroneously put for مَغْزَرَةٌ لِلَّبَنِ.]) مِشْكَارٌ: see شَكِرَةٌ, in two places.

رِيحٌ مُشْتَكِرَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A violent wind: (O, K:) or, as some say, a contrary wind; (O, TA;) but ISd, says that this is a mistake. (TA.)

عن

عن

1 عَنَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عَنُّ, (S, Msb, K,) the former accord. to some relaters, and the latter accord. to others, occurring in a verse of a Hudhalee, (TA,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ (S, Msb, K) and عَنٌّ (Msb, K) and عُنُونٌ, the first of which is also [or is properly] a simple subst., (K, [and such, in one sense, it is said to be in the Msb, as will be shown in what follows,]) said of an affair, or event, (Msb,) or of a thing, (S, * K,) It appeared before one: (K:) [and] i. q. عَرَضَ (S, Mgh) and (S, K) اِعْتَرَضَ (S, Msb, K) [i. e. it appeared; it showed, presented, or offered, itself: it occurred: and it presented itself, or intervened between a person and an object before him, as an obstacle: it opposed itself]: and so ↓ اِعْتَنَّ. (S, K.) [See also عَنَنٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, فَعَنَّ لَنَا سِرْبٌ كَأَنَّ نِعَاجَهُ عَذَارَى دَوَارٍ فِى مُلَآءٍ مُذَيَّلِ (Mgh, TA, *) meaning, عَرَضَ, (TA,) i. e. and there appeared to us a herd of wild oxen, as though the females thereof were virgins making the circuit of Dawár, or Duwár, in long-skirted garments of the kind called مُلَآء; Dawár, or Duwár, being the name of an idol around which the people of the Time of Ignorance used to curcuit. (Mgh, * and EM pp. 46 and 47.) And one says, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا عَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمٌ, meaning مَا عَرَضَ [i. e. I will not do it as long as a star appears in the sky]. (S.) b2: And عَنَّ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ, (TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb, TA,) and the inf. n. is عَنٌّ, (TA,) He opposed himself (اِعْتَرَضَ, Msb, or تَعَرَّضَ, TA) to another (Msb) from right and left, (TA,) or from either side of him, (Msb,) with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb, TA.) b3: And عَنَّ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـِ [inf. n., app., عَنٌّ,] He turned aside, or away, from the thing. (Msb.) b4: Hence the saying of the lawyers, عَنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دُونَ أُخْرَى

[He turned away from one woman, not from another]; meaning he desired not one woman, but desired another: thus in the active form: and one may also say عُنَّ i. e. in the passive form [from one or another of the following significations of the trans. verb]. (Msb.) For the latter of these, and its var. عُنِنَ, see 2.

A2: عَنَنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّ دَابَّتَهُ He put a rein (عِنَان) to his beast. (TA.) And عَنَنْتُ الفَرَسَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb;) in the M [↓ عَنَّنْتُ,] with tesh-deed; (TA;) I withheld the horse by means of his عِنَان [or rein]; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْنَنْتُهُ: (K:) or الفَرَسَ ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ signifies I put a rein to the horse: (Msb:) and it is said in the T that الفَارِسُ ↓ أَعَنَّ means the horseman drew, or pulled, the rein of his beast, to turn him back, or away, from his course. (TA.) b3: And عَنَنْتُهُ, (Msb,) and عُنَّ, (Mgh,) I confined him, (Msb,) and he was confined, (Mgh,) in the عُنَّة i. e. the enclosure (Mgh, Msb) of the camels. (Mgh.) A3: عَنَنْتُ فُلَانًا I reviled such a one; vilified him; or gave a bad name to him. (K.) A4: See also Q. Q. 1.2 عَنَّنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّنْت الفَرَسَ: see 1, last quarter. b3: [Hence, perhaps,] عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, (Msb,) which see also voce عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places, He was pronounced by the judge (S, Msb, K) to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, (Msb, K,) or to have no desire for his wife: or to be withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination: (S, Msb, K:) and ↓ أُعِنَّ signifies the same; as also ↓ عُنَّ, (K, TA,) and ↓ عُنِنَ; and ↓ اعْتُنَّ. (TA. [Thus in the supplement to this art. in the TA; but it seems that the last of these verbs may be a mistranscription for أُعِنَّ, as this verb is there omitted, though the other verbs are mentioned, and followed by the part. ns. مَعْنُونٌ and مُعَنٌّ and مُعَنَّنٌ, but not مُعْتَنٌّ.]) b4: التَّعْنيِنُ also signifies The confining in a deep مَطْبَق [or subterranean prison]. (TA.) b5: And عَنَّنَتْ شَعَرَهَا, said of a woman, means شَكَلَتْ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ [i. e. She plaited together two locks of her hair, of the fore part of her head, on the right and left, and then bound them with her other pendent locks or plaits]. (TA.) A2: See also Q. Q. 1.3 المُعَانَّةُ and العِنَانُ signify المُعَارَضَةُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) as inf. ns. of عَانَّهُ [meaning He did like as he (the latter) did: or he opposed him, being opposed by him]. (TA.) See, below, شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ: and also عُنَانَاكَ.4 أَعَنَّ [i. q. تَعَرَّضَ]. One says, ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ

مَا أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ, (S, K, but in the latter لا ادرى,) meaning I addressed, applied, or directed, myself to a thing (تَعَرَّضْتُ لِشَىْءٍ) not knowing what it was. (S, K.) A2: And أَعْنَنْتُهُ لِكَذَا I exposed him, or caused him to become exposed, (عَرَّضْتُهُ,) to such a thing; and I turned him to it, or towards it. (S.) A3: أَعْننْتُ اللِّجَامَ I put a rein (عِنَان) to the bit; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَنَّنْتُهُ, (S, * K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ; (S;) and ↓ عَنَنْتُهُ. (K.) b2: See also 1, last quarter, in three places. b3: أُعِنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ: see 2.5 تعنّن He (a man) abstained from women without his being incapacitated from going in to them, because of blood-revenge that he sought. (TA.) 8 اعتنّ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اِعْتَنَّ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ He became acquainted with their state, or case. (K.) A3: اعْتُنَّ: see 2.

R. Q. 1 عَنْعَنَةٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb is عَنْعَنَ] The substituting of ع for ء; [for instance,] saying عَنْ in the place of أَنْ: a practice of [the tribe of] Temeem: (S, K:) or, accord. to Fr, it is of the dial. of Kureysh and of those in their neighbourhood, and of Temeem and Keys and Asad and those in their neighbourhood: they change the أ of أَنَّ, with fet-h, into ع; but not when it is with kesr. (TA.) [See two instances in art. عنف, conj. 8.] b2: Hence, عَنْعَنَةُ المُحَدِّثِينَ [i. e. The saying of the relaters of traditions فُلَانٌ عَنْ فُلَانٍ عَنْ فُلَانٍ, suppressing the word رَوَى or حَدَّثَ or. سَمِعَ]: but this is said to be post-classical. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 عَنْوَنَ الكِتَابَ He put a superscription, or title, (عُنْوَان,) to the book, or writing; (S, * Msb;) or he wrote the عُنْوَان of the book, or writing; (K;) like عَلْوَنَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ عَنَّهُ, (S, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَنٌّ, (TA,) signifies the same; as also ↓ عنّنهُ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, mentioned by Lh; (TA;) and عَنَّاهُ, (S, K, TA,) formed by changing one of the ن s [of عَنَّنَ] into ى. (S, TA.) [See also Q. Q. 1 in art. عنو.]

عَنْ is used in three manners: A2: First, it is a prep.: and as such it has ten meanings. (Mughnee, K.) b2: (1) It denotes transition; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) either sensibly or virtually; (Msb;) and the Basrees have mentioned no other meaning than this: (Mughnee:) or, as Sb expresses it, (Msb,) it denotes what has passed [or rather it denotes passage] from the thing [that is mentioned immediately after it]: (S, Msb:) Er-Rághib says that it necessarily denotes transition from that to the mention of which it is prefixed: and the grammarians say that it is applied to denote what has passed and become remote from thee. (TA.) Thus in the saying, سَافَرْتُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [I journeyed from the country, or town]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in رَغِبْتُ عَنْ كَذَا [I abstained from such a thing; and hence, I did not desire, or wish for, such a thing]. (Mughnee.) And رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot an arrow, or arrows, from the bow]; (S, Mughnee;) because by means of the bow one projects his arrow from the bow, and makes it to pass therefrom: (S:) but another meaning of this will be mentioned in what follows. (Mughnee.) and أَطْعَمْتُهُ عَنْ جُوعٍ [I fed him so as to free him from hunger]; (S, Msb;) making hunger to be quitted, and passed from: (S, * Msb:) and in this case, مِنْ is used in its place, (S, TA,) as in the Kur cvi. 3; (TA;) or the meaning in this instance is, because of hunger. (Jel.) And جَلَسْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ, [as though] meaning I sat passing away from the place of his right side, in sitting, to another place [adjacent thereto: but see another explanation near the end of the paragraph]. (Msb.) And اِنْصَرِفْ عَنِّى and تَنَحَّ عَنِّى [Turn thou, or go thou, away, or aside, from me]. (TA.) And أَخَذْتُ العِلْمَ عَنْهُ I understood, or became acquainted with, [or acquired,] knowledge, or science, from him; as though the understanding passed from him. (Msb.) [And similar to this is the phrase رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, for which عَنْ فُلَانٍ alone (the verb being understood) is often used, He related a tradition or traditions &c. as learned, or heard, or received, from such a one, or on the authority of such a one. In many other phrases also, some of which will be mentioned in treating of عَنْ as syn. with مِنْ, the former of these two prepositions is to be, or may be, expl. as denoting transition. For ex., one says, دَفَعَ عَنْهُ and دَافَعَ He repelled from him; and hence, he defended him: (see art. دفع:) and رَمَى عَنْهُمْ He shot in defence of them: (see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَعْبُولٌ:) and عَنْهُ is sometimes used for دِفَاعًا عَنْهُ; as in the phrase قَاتَلْتُ عَنْهُ I fought in defence of him; i. e., repelling from him. But the instances of this and other usages of عَنْ, exclusive of those mentioned in this paragraph, depending upon verbs or part. ns. expressed or obviously understood, are far too numerous to be here collected: many of these will be found among the explanations of words with which they occur.] b3: (2) It denotes a compensation; or something given, or received, or put, or done, instead, or in lieu, of another thing. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ii. 45], وَ اتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَا تَجْزِى نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا [And fear ye a day wherein a soul shall not give anything as a satisfaction for a soul, i. e. for another soul: or shall not make satisfaction for a soul at all; accord. to the latter rendering, شيئا being put in the accus. case after the manner of an inf. n.]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in the saying in a trad., صُومِى عَنْ أُمِّكِ [Fast thou for, or in lieu of, thy mother]. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It denotes superiority (الاِسْتِعْلَآء [as used tropically]); (Mughnee, K;) i. e. as syn. with عَلَى. (Mughnee.) Thus in the saying of Dhu-l-Isba' El-'Adwánee, لَاهِ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ لَا أَفْضَلْتَ فِى حَسَبٍ

عَنِّى وَلَا أَنْتَ دَيَّانِى فَتَخْزُوَنِى (S, Mughnee,) i. e. To God be attributed the excellence of the son of thy paternal uncle (the meaning being لِلّٰهِ دَرُّ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ), thou hast not become possessed of superiority, in grounds of pretension to respect or honour, above me, or over me, (عَلَىَّ,) nor art thou my governor that thou shouldst rule me; for the well-known mode is to say أَفْضَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ. (Mughnee.) [Thus too in the phrases تَعَظَّمَ عَنْهُ and تَعَاظَمَ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. عظم), and in the phrase تَجَالَّ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. جل), and the like.] And thus it has been said to be used in the phrase [in the Kur xxxviii. 31], إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى, meaning قَدَّمْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [i. e. Verily I have preferred the love of good things above, or to, the remembrance, or praise, of my Lord]: but it is also said that it is here used in its proper manner, as dependent upon a denotative of state suppressed; the meaning being, مُنْصَرِفًا عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى [i. e. turning away from the remembrance, &c.]: and AO is related to have said that أَحْبَبْتُ is from أَحَبَّ, البَعِيرُ, signifying “ the camel lay down and did not become roused; ” and that the meaning is, I have become withheld by the love of good things from the remembrance, &c. (Mughnee.) and it is [said to be] used as denoting superiority or the like in the saying [in the Kur xlvii. last verse], فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نفْسِهِ [as though the meaning were He is niggardly only to himself (عَلَى نَفْسِهِ, for عَلَى is considered in this case as importing an ideal superiority); but the phrase may be better rendered, agreeably with the proper, or primary, signification of عَنْ, he withholds, with niggardliness, only from himself; as is indicated by Bd]. (Mughnee, K.) b5: (4) It denotes a cause. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ix. 115], وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرٰهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ [and Abraham's begging forgiveness for his father was not otherwise than because of a promise]. (Mughnee, K.) And thus in the saying [in the Kur xi. 56], وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِى آلِهَتِنَا عَنْ قَوْلِكَ [And we are not, or will not be, relinquishers of our gods because of thy saying]: or the meaning may be, we do not, or will not, relinquish our gods, turning away (صَادِرِينَ, as a denotative of state relating to the pronoun [implied] in تاركى,) from thy saying; and this is the opinion of Z. (Mughnee.) [See also an ex. voce دَنْدَنَ, last sentence.] b6: (5) It is syn. with بَعْدَ. (S, Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xxiii. 42], عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ

لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ, (Mughnee, K,) meaning بَعْدَ قَلِيلٍ [i. e. After a little while, they will assuredly become repentant]. (TA.) And in the phrase [in the Kur lxxxiv. 19], لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ

[expl. in art. طبق], meaning حَالَةً بَعْدَ حَالَةٍ. (Mughnee.) And in the saying, وَمَنْهَلٍ وَرَدْتُهُ عَنْ مَنْهَلٍ

[And to many a watering-place have I come after a watering-place]. (Mughnee.) And in the saying of El-Hárith Ibn-'Obád, قَرِّبَا مَرْبَطَ النَّعَامَةِ مِنِّى

لَقِحَتْ حَرْبُ وائِلٍ عَنْ حِيَالِ (S, * TA,) meaning بَعْدَ حِيَالٍ [i. e. Make ye two to be near to me the place of the tying of En-Na'ámeh (the name of a horse of the poet): the war of Wáïl has become pregnant after failing to be pregnant during a year, or years]. (TA.) And in the saying of Et-Tirimmáh, سَيَعْلَمُ كُلُّهُمْ أَنِّى مُسِنٌّ

↓ إِذَا دَفَعُوا عِنَانًا عَنْ عِنَانِ i. e. [All of them shall know that I am of full age, when they press forward] heat after heat. (TA.) b7: (6) It denotes the meaning of the preposition فِى. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, وَلَا تَكُ عَنْ حَمْلِ الرِّبَاعَةِ وَانِيَا [And be not thou remiss in bearing the responsibility of the obligation that thou takest upon thyself]; as is shown by the phrase, [in the Kur xx. 44], وَلَا تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى: (Mughnee, K:) so it is said; but it seems that the meaning of وَنَى

عَنْ كَذَا is, “he passed from such a thing, not entering upon it; ” and وَنَى فِيهِ, “he entered upon it but was remiss, or languid: ” by الرِّبَاعَة is meant the payment of a bloodwit or the like. (Mughnee.) b8: (7) It is syn. with مِنْ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xlii. 24], وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ [And He is he who accepts repentance from his servants]. (AO, Mughnee, K.) Az mentions among the cases in which there is a difference between مِنْ and عَنْ, that the former has adjoined to it a noun signifying what is near; and the latter, [one signifying] what is remote; as in one's saying سَمِعْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [I heard from such a one a narrative], and حَدَّثَنِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [He related to me a narrative from such a one, a phrase similar to رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, mentioned among exs. of the first meaning of عن]: accord. to As, one says, حَدَّثَنِى فُلَانٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ, meaning عَنْهُ [i. e. Such a one related to me from such a one]; and لَهِيتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ and عَنْهُ [I became diverted from such a one so as to forget him]: accord. to Ks, one says لَهِيتُ عَنْهُ only: and عَنْكَ جَآءَ هٰذَا as meaning مِنْكَ [i. e. From thee came this]. (TA.) b9: (8) It is syn. with بِ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus [it is said to be used] in the phrase [in the Kur liii. 3], وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى [Nor does he speak with the desire of self-gratification]: (Mughnee, K:) but it seems that it is here used in its proper [or primary] sense; and that the meaning is, وَمَا يَصْدُرُ قَوْلُهُ عَنْ هَوًى [nor does his speech proceed from desire of self-gratification; so the phrase may be well rendered, nor does he speak from the desire &c.]. (Mughnee.) One says also, أَجَابُوا عَنْ بَوَآءٍ وَاحِدٍ, meaning بِجَوَابٍ وَاحِدٍ [i. e. They replied with one reply]. (T, S, O, K, all in art, بوأ.) And جَاؤُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ [They came with the last of them; عَنْ being here syn. with بِ; meaning they came all, without exception]. (A in art. اخر.) [and in like manner, قَتَلُوهُمْ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ They slew them with the last of them; meaning they slew them all, without exception.] b10: (9) It denotes the using a thing as an aid or instrument. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot with, or by means of, the bow], accord. to Ibn-Málik; (Mughnee, K;) because one says also, رَمَيْتُ بِالقَوْسِ; both mentioned by Fr. (Mughnee.) [Another explanation of this phrase has been mentioned before.] b11: (10) It is redundant, to compensate for another [عن] suppressed (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, أَتَجْزَعُ إِنْ نَفْسٌ أَتَاهَا حِمَامُهَا فَهَلَّا الَّتِى عَنْ بَيْنِ جَنْبَيْكَ تَدْفَعُ [Art thou impatient if the decreed event of death befall a soul? but why wilt not thou repel from, i. e. defend, that which is between thy two sides?]; (Mughnee, K;) the meaning being, تَدْفَعُ عَنِ الَّتِى بَيْنَ جَنْبَيْكَ; (IJ, Mughnee;) عن being suppressed before the conjunct noun [التى], and added after it. (Mughnee, K.) And sometimes it is redundant without compensation, when conjoined with a pronoun: Az says that the Arabs make عَنْكَ redundant in the phrase خُذْ ذَا عَنْكَ [meaning Take thou, or receive thou, this]: (TA:) [but خُذْ عَنْكَ is expl. in the S and L, in art. اخذ, as meaning خُذْ مَا أَقُولُ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ وَالمِرَآءَ: see 1 in art. اخذ:] and اُنْفُذْ عَنْكَ, occurring in a trad., is expl. as meaning دَعْهُ [i. e. Leave thou it]: (TA:) or this means go thou from thy place; pass thou from it. (L in art. نفذ.) [See also the last ex. in this paragraph.]

A3: The second manner of using it is, as a particle of the kind called مَصْدَرِىٌّ, [combining with an aor. following it to form an equivalent to an inf. n.,] as is done by the tribe of Temeem, (Mughnee, K, *) in what is termed their عَنْعَنَة: (K: [see R. Q. 1:]) they use it in the place of أَنْ; (S, Mughnee;) saying, أَعْجَبَنِى عَنْ تَفْعَلَ, (Mughnee, K,) for أَنْ تَفْعَلَ [meaning Thy doing such a thing pleased me]. (Mughnee.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, أَعَنْ تَرَسَّمْتَ مِنْ خَرْقَآءَ مَنْزِلَةً

مَآءُ الصَّبَابَةِ مِنْ عَيْنَيْكَ مَسْجُومُ [Is thy having looked upon the traces of a place of abiding of thy beloved Kharkà the cause that the water of excessive love is shed from thine eyes?]. (S, Mughnee.) And thus they do in the case of أَنَّ; saying, مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ ↓ أَشْهَدُ عَنَّ [I acknowledge, or declare, or testify, that Mohammad is the apostle of God]. (Mughnee.) A4: The third manner of using it is, as a noun, in the sense of جَانِب, (Mughnee, K, *) or نَاحِيَة: (S:) and this is said to be in three cases. (Mughnee.) b2: (1) It is when مِنْ is prefixed to it; and this is of frequent occurrence: (Mughnee:) as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ أَرَانِى لِلرِّمَاحَ دَرِيْئَةً مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّةً وَأَمَامِى

[And verily I see me to be like a ring for the spears to be aimed at, from the side of my right hand at one time, and from before me at another time]: (Mughnee, K: *) and in the saying, جِئْتُ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ I came from the side of his right hand. (S.) In the opinion of Ibn-Málik, مِنْ prefixed to عَنْ is redundant; but accord. to others, it is used [as expl. above,] to denote the beginning of a space between two limits: these say that قَعَدْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ means فِى جَانِبِ يَمِينِهِ [i. e. I sat in the side of his right hand], either closely or otherwise; but if you say مِنْ [before عَنْ], the sitting is particularized as being close to the first part of the lateral space. (Mughnee.) b3: (2) It is also when عَلَى is prefixed to it: (Mughnee:) thus in the saying, عَلَى عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّتِ الطَّيْرُ سُنَّحَا [On, or over, the side of my right hand, the birds passed along turning the right side towards me, or turning the left side towards me; the last word being a pl., accord. to analogy, of سَانِحٌ, which is used in two opposite senses]: (Mughnee, K:) but this usage is extraordinary; no other instance of it than that here cited having been preserved. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It is also when what is governed by it in the gen. case and the agent of the verb in connection with it are two pronouns having one application: so says Akh: as in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, دَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ فِى حَجَرَاتِهِ [or فَدَعْ عَنْكَ: see the entire verse cited and expl. in art. حجر]: but it is shown to be not a noun in such a case by this, that جَانِب may not take its place [unless used in a tropical sense]. (Mughnee. [See what has been said above, that عَنْكَ in a phrase of this kind is held to be redundant.]) عَنَّ for أَنَّ: see the next preceding paragraph, last quarter.

عَنٌّ: see أَعْنَانٌ. b2: إِنَّه يَأْخُذُ فِى كُلِّ عَنٍّ means the same as فى كلّ فَنٍّ [i. e. Verily he enters upon every mode, or manner, of speech or the like]; and so فى كلّ سَنٍّ. (TA.) عَنَّةٌ: see what next follows.

عُنَّةٌ The presenting, or opposing, oneself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ عَنَّةٌ, with fet-h, (Msb,) or ↓ عِنَّةٌ, with kesr. (TA.) b2: أَعْطَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (S,) or عَيْنَ عُنَّةَ, imperfectly decl., and sometimes عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (K,) means I gave to him distinguishing him particularly from among his companions: (S, K:) from العَنُّ signifying “ the presenting, or opposing, oneself. ” (TA.) And one says, رَأَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ (S) or عُنَّةَ (K) I saw him just now, (S, K, TA,) presenting, or opposing, himself, (TA,) without my seeking him. (S, TA.) And أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ مَا

أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ: see 4. (S, K.) A2: It is also the subst. from عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ [i. e. a subst. signifying The state of being pronounced by the judge to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, or to have no desire for his wife: or of being withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination]: (S, Msb, * K:) or incapacity to go in to women: (Mgh, Msb:) or undesirousness of women: (Msb:) a word used in this sense by the lawyers; (Mgh, Msb;) who say, بِهِ عُنَّةٌ: (Msb:) but it is declared to be a low word, not allowable; (Mgh, Msb;) instead of which one should say ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, (Mgh,) or, accord. to Th and others, ↓ عَنَنٌ, and ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ, and accord. to the Bári', ↓ عَنَانَةٌ: (Msb:) [i. e.] ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ signifies undesirousness of women: (S:) or, as also ↓ عِنِينَةٌ, and ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ عِنِّينِيَّةٌ, (TA,) it signifies thus, or non-performance of the act of going in to women, by reason of impotence. (K, TA.) A3: Also An enclosure (S, Mgh, Msb, K) made of wood, (S, Msb, K, TA,) or of trees, (TA,) for camels, (S, Mgh, K, *) or for camels and horses, (Msb,) or for camels and sheep or goats, to be confined therein: (TA:) or an enclosure at the door of a man, in which are his camels and his sheep or goats: (Th, TA:) pl. عُنَنٌ (S, K) and عِنَانٌ. (K.) لَا يَجْتَمِعُ اثْنَانِ فِى عُنَّةٍ [Two (app. meaning stallion-camels) will not be together in an enclosure for camels] is one of their sayings. (TA.) And one says, كالْمُهَدِّرِ فِى العُنَّةِ Like the brayer (meaning the braying stallion-camel) in the enclosure of trees, in which the stallion-camel is sometimes confined to prevent him from covering; such a stallion being hence termed ↓ معَنًّى, originally ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ: (Meyd:) it is a prov., applied to a man (Meyd, TA, and S and A and K in art. هدر) raising a cry and clamour, (S, K,) or threatening, (TA,) who does not make his saying, or action, to have effect; (S, * Meyd, K;) like the camel that is so confined, prevented from covering, and brays. (S, K.) b2: It is also said, by El-Bushtee and in the K, to signify A rope; and in a verse of El-Aashà, in which he mentions flesh-meat as put upon the عُنَن, this last word has been expl. as meaning ropes which are stretched, and upon which is thrown the flesh-meat that is cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun: but Az says that the right meaning is, the enclosures for camels; that he had seen such enclosures in the desert, thus called because facing the direction whence blows the north wind, to protect the camels from the cold of that wind; and that he had seen the people spread the flesh-meat cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun, upon them: he thinks that the word was expl. as meaning ropes by one who had seen the poor of the sacred territory extending ropes in Minè, and putting upon them the flesh of the victims of sacrifice that had been given to them. (TA.) b3: Also A booth by means of which one shades himself, made of panic grass (ثُمَام) or [probably a mistake for and] branches of trees. (IB, TA.) b4: And Reeds, or plants or herbage, which a man collects, to give, as fodder, to his sheep or goats: one says, جَآءَ بِعُنَّةٍ

عَظِيمَةٍ [He came with, or brought, a great collection of reeds, &c.]. (TA.) And one says, كُنَّا فِى عُنَّةٍ مِنَ الكَلَأِ, and غُنَّةٍ, and ثُنَّةِ, i. e. We were in abundant herbage. (TA.) A4: Also The دِقْدَان (thus [correctly, as will be shown by an explanation in what follows, confirmed by an ex. from a poet,] in more than one of the copies of the K, in the CK دَقْدان, in the copy of the K followed in the TA وقدان, and in the L رقدان,) of the cooking-pot: (K, TA:) MF read وقدان, and conjecturally, and from analogy, supposed it [to be وَقَدَان and] to mean غَلَيَان; but the word is arabicized from the Pers\. ديكدان, [correctly ديگدان, pronounced dēgdān,] a name for the thing upon which the cooking-pot is set up; and thus it [i. e. عُنَّةٌ] is expl. in the M and other lexicons [among which may be mentioned the L]: hence the saying of a poet, عَفَتْ غَيْرَ أَنْآءٍ وَمَنْصَبِ عُنَّةٍ

وَأوْرَقَ مِنْ تَحْتِ الخَصَاصَةِ هَامِدِ [It (the دار, or place of abode,) was effaced, save trenches dug around the tents to keep off the torrent, and the place of the setting-up of the support of the cooking-pot, and ashes beneath the space between the three stones that formed that support, in a state of extinction]. (TA.) عِنَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

عَنَنٌ is a subst. [as well as an inf. n.] of عَنَّ; (Msb, K, TA;) [as such,] i. q. اِعْتِرَاضٌ [used as a simple subst., meaning Opposition]; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِنَانٌ: (K, TA:) or opposition of oneself to another, from either side of him, with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb.) El-Hárith Ibn-Hillizeh says, عَنَنًا بَاطِلًا وَظُلْمًا كَمَا يُعْ تَرُ عَنْ حُجْرَةِ الرَّبِيضِ الظِّبَآءُ (TA,) meaning In wrong opposition, (اِعْتِرَاضًا بَاطِلًا), [and injurious conduct], like as when gazelles are sacrificed [in fulfilment of a vow] for what is due on the part of the flock of sheep, or herd of goats. (EM p. 281.) And it is said in a trad., بَرِئْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الوَثَنِ والعَنَنِ i. e. [We are clear, to thee,] of the idol (الصَّنَم) and opposition (الاِعْتِرَاض); as though saying, of associating another with God and of wrongdoing: or, as some say, the meaning [of the last word] in this case is disagreement, or opposition, or contravention, (الخِلَاف), and that which is wrong (البَاطِل). (TA.) And in another trad., دَهِمَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ فِى عَنَنِ جِمَاحِهِ [Death came upon him suddenly in the opposition of his heedless, or inconsiderate, course]. (TA. [There expl. only by the words هُوَ مَا لَيْسَ بِقَصْدٍ.]) And one says, هُوَ لَكَ بَيْنَ الأَوْبِ وَالعَنَنِ, meaning [He is to thee in a state] between obedience and disobedience. (TA.) ↓ وَرْهَآءُ العِنَانِ, a phrase used by a poet, means [A woman foolish in] opposing herself, or intervening, in every discourse. (TA.) And العَنَنُ signifies also [particularly] Death's opposing itself, and preceding: (TA, JM:) occurring in a trad. of Sateeh [the Diviner]. (TA.) b2: See also عِنَانٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. b3: Also The place in which a person, or thing, presents, or opposes, himself, or itself. (TA.) b4: See also أَعْنَانٌ.

A2: And see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَنَانٌ Clouds: (S, Msb, K:) or, accord. to some, clouds appearing, or presenting themselves, or extending sideways, in the horizon; as also ↓ سَحَابٌ عَانٌّ: (TA:) such as retain the water: (K:) one whereof is termed ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ عَانَّةٌ. (S.) b2: And عَنَانُ السَّمَآءِ, (Mgh, MF, TA,) in the K said to be ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, but the former is the right, (MF, TA,) The lofty region of the sky: (Mgh:) or what appears, of the sky, to one looking at it. (K. [See also أَعْنَانٌ.]) b3: And عَنَانُ الدَّارِ, likewise with fet-h, accord. to the K ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, which is wrong, (TA,) The side of the house, (K, TA,) that appears to one. (TA.) عِنَانٌ: see عَنَنٌ, in two places. b2: Also an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: And A certain appertenance of a horse or the like; (S, Msb;) [i. e. the rein;] the strap of the bridle, by means of which the horse, or similar beast, is withheld: (K:) [said to be] so called because it lies over against the mouth, not entering into it, (Msb,) or because its two straps lie over against the two sides of the neck of the beast, on the right and left: (TA:) pl. أَعِنَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and عُنُنٌ, (K,) or, accord. to Sb, the former only. (TA.) [Sometimes it may be rendered The bridle; as in the first of the following phrases.] ثَنَيْتُ عَلَى الفَرَسِ عِنَانَهُ I put upon the horse his bridle. (TA.) فَرَسٌ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [A horse short in the rein] implies discommendation, as denoting shortness of the neck: [but] هُوَ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [said of a man] means قلِيلُ الخَيْرِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He is one possessing little, or no, good; or few, or no, good things; or little, or no, goodness]: and إِنَّهُ لَطَوِيلُ العِنَانِ [lit. Verily he is one whose rein is long] means, (assumed tropical:) an exalted person; of great chiefdom, or eminence. (TA.) رَجُلٌ طَرِفُ العِنَانِ (S, * K, TA, TK, in one of my copies of the S طَرفُ, and in the other طرَفُ, and in copies of the K طَرْقُ, [but correctly طَرِف, q. v., like كَتِف, as is said in the TK,]) means (tropical:) A man light, or active. (S, K, TA.) فُلَانٌ

أَبِىُّ العِنَانِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is one who refuses the rein. (TA.) ذُو العِنَانِ applied to the horse means (assumed tropical:) The tractable, or submissive. (TA.) And ذَلَّ عِنَانُ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one became submissive. (TA.) ابْغ مِنْ عِنَانِهِ [in which the first word is written in my original thus, but it has been altered by the copyist, and I doubt not that it is correctly أَرْخِ, the phrase, reading thus, being well known, i. e. Slacken thou his rein,] means (assumed tropical:) ease thou him, or relieve him. (TA.) اِثْنِ عَلَىَّ عِنَانَهُ means Turn thou back [or bend thou] towards me his rein. (TA.) جَآء ثَانِيًا فِى عِنَانِهِ [thus in my original, but correctly مِنْ عنانه, as in the S in art. ثنى, i. e. He came bending a part of his rein, turning from his course,] means (assumed tropical:) he [came having] accomplished the object of his want. (TA.) مَلَأَ عِنَانَ دَابَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made, or urged, his beast to run vehemently. (TA.) And [hence, app.,] اِمْتَلَأَ عِنَانُهُ (assumed tropical:) The utmost of his power, or ability, was accomplished. (TA.) هُمَا يَجْرِيَانِ فِى عِنَانٍ (assumed tropical:) They two are equal in excellence or otherwise. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A heat; or single run to a goal, or limit: one says, جَرَى الفَرَسُ عِنَانًا (assumed tropical:) The horse ran a heat: and كَبَا فِى عِنَانِهِ (assumed tropical:) He stumbled in his heat. (TA.) See also an ex., in a verse of Et-Tirimmáh, voce عَنْ, in the middle of the paragraph. And ↓ عَنَنٌ signifies the same, i. e. A heat of a beast: and also the beginning of speech: whence the prov., مُعْتَرِضٌ لِعَنَنٍ لَمْ يَعْنِهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) Addressing himself to that which is not of his business (مَا لَيْسَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ). (Meyd.) b3: And A long rope or cord. (TA.) b4: And العِنَانُ signifies حَبْلُ المَتْنِ [The cord of the portion of the back along which extends the spine; app. meaning the spinal cord, also called medulla spinalis, considered as a single cord]: (K:) [but this consists of two lateral cords, connected together: and therefore, app., it is said that] عِنَانَا المَتْنِ signifies حَبْلَاهُ [the two cords of the مَتْن]. (S.) A3: شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ is The copartnership of two persons in one particular thing, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) exclusive of the rest of the articles of property of either: (S, Msb, * K:) as though a thing presented itself to them (عَنَّ لَهُمَا, S, Mgh, Msb) and they bought it (S) and they then became copartners in it: (S, Mgh, Msb:) so says ISk: (Mgh:) or it is from the عِنَان of the horse, because each assigns to his companion the عنان of the free management of part of the property: (Mgh, Msb:) or because it is allowable for them to differ, like as does the عنان in the hand of the rider when pulled and when slackened: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Az, it is the case in which each of the two copartners produces deenárs or dirhems, which they mix together, and each gives permission to the other to traffic therewith: and the lawyers differ not in respect of its being lawful; if they gain upon the two sums, the gain being between them; and if they lose, the loss being on the head of each of them [equally]: the partnership of two persons in everything that is in their possession is called شِرْكَةُ المُفَاوَضَةِ [q. v.]: (TA:) or it is the case of one's competing with a man in the making of a purchase, and saying to him, “ Make me to be a partner with thee; ” this being before he [the purchaser] becomes entitled to الغَلَق, or الغِلْق, or الــعلق, or الــعَلَق: (K: [the last word in this explanation, thus written in four different ways in different copies of the K, following the words قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْجِبَ, I think to be most probably الغَلَقَ, and to mean irredeemability by the seller, from غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ:]) or it is the case of two persons' being equal in partnership, (Z, Msb, K, TA,) in respect of what they contribute of gold or silver; and is from the عِنَان of the beast; (TA;) because the عنان of the beast consists of two equal single pieces: (Z, Msb, K, TA:) or it is from العِنَان as syn. with ↓ المُعَانَّة, meaning المُعَارَضَة; (Msb, TA;) because each of them does like as does the other in respect of his property [that he supplies] and in selling and buying. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse cited in art. شرك, conj. 3. b2: See also عَنَانٌ, in two places.

عَنُونٌ and ↓ عَانٌّ One who presents, or opposes, himself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him: pl. [of the former agreeably with analogy]

عُنُنٌ. (TA.) b2: And the former, A beast (دَابَّة) that precedes in journeying, or progress; (S, K, TA;) that vies with the [other] beasts in journeying, or progress, and precedes them; and applied to a wild ass in this sense. (TA.) عَنِينٌ One unable to retain the wind of his belly. (K.) b2: See also عِنِّينٌ.

عَنَانَةٌ: see عَنَانٌ: A2: and see also عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عِنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عُنَانَاكَ means The utmost of thy power, or ability, or of thy case: (S, K:) so in the saying, عُنَانَاكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا [The utmost of thy power, &c., is, or will be, thy doing such a thing]: (S:) as though from ↓ المُعَانَّةُ; (S, TA;) the case being that thou desirest to do a thing, and an obstacle intervenes in the way to it, preventing thee and withholding thee from it: (TA:) but it is disputed whether it be correctly thus, or غُنَامَاكَ. (IB, TA.) هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَلَى آنُفِ القَوْمِ He is wont to precede, or outstrip, the people, or party. (TA.) b2: and هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَنِ الخَيْرِ He is [one who holds back from doing good, or] slow, or tardy, to do good. (K.) العَنُّونُ, of the measure فَعُّول, is an intensive epithet applied to the present world (الدُّنْيَا) [as meaning The offerer of much opposition]; because it opposes itself to mankind. (TA.) عِنِّينٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, * K, TA,) of the measure فِعِّيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S,) and ↓ عَنِينٌ, [thus written in two places in the TA, and written without teshdeed in my copy of the Msb, but in the latter case app. from carelessness of the copyist, for otherwise the well-known form عِنِّينٌ is not there mentioned,] of which (i. e. of عَنِينٌ) عُنُنٌ is pl., [which seems to show that عَنِينٌ is not a mistranscription for عِنِّينٌ, for فُعُلٌ is a measure of a pl. of many epithets of the measure فَعِيلٌ, as جَدِيدٌ and نَذِيرٌ &c., but not, to my knowledge, of any word of the measure فِعِّيلٌ,] (TA,) A man incapable of going in to women; (Mgh, Msb;) one who does not go in to women by reason of impotence: (K:) or, as some say, one who has connection with her who is not a virgin, but not with the virgin: (TA:) or a man who is not desirous of women: (S, K:) and ↓ مَعْنُونٌ and ↓ مُعَنٌّ (Msb, TA) and ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ (TA) signify the same. (Msb, TA.) And عِنِّينَةٌ signifies A woman not desirous of men: (S, Msb, * TA:) but there is disagreement in respect of the application of the epithet to a woman. (TA.) عِنِّينَةٌ, as a subst.: see عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عُنْوَانٌ and عِنْوَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ, (S, K,) the first of which is the most chaste, (S,) originally عُنَّانٌ, (K,) of a book, or writing, (S, Msb,) The superscription, or title, thereof: (TK:) what these words denote is thus called because it occurs (يَعِنُّ, K, TA, i. e. يَعْرِضُ, TA) in a bordering part thereof: (K, TA:) and they also signify [sometimes, as indicating the nature of the contents,] the preface of a book, or writing. (TK.) And Anything that serves as an indication of another thing is called its عُنْوَان. (Msb, K.) One says, الظَّاهِرُ عُنْوَانُ البَاطِنِ, meaning The outward state of the man is the indication of the inward state. (TK.) And one says of a man who speaks obliquely, not plainly, جَعَلَ كَذَا عُنْوَانًا لِحَاجَتِهِ He made such a thing to be an indication of his want. (TA.) [See also art. عنو.]

عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِنِّينِيَّةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَانٌّ and عَانَّةٌ: see عَنَانٌ. b2: And for the former, see also عَنُونٌ. b3: Also, the former, A long mountain (جَبَل), (K, TA, in some copies of the K حَبْل [i. e. rope],) that presents itself in the direction in which one is going, and interrupts his way. (TA.) أَعْنَانٌ The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of anything: (Yoo, TA:) this is the proper signification: (TA:) [hence,] أَعْنَانُ السَّمَآءِ [in one of my copies of the S السَّحَابِ, but altered from السَّمَآءِ,] means The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of the sky: (K:) or the surfaces thereof, and what present themselves to view of the sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, thereof; as though pl. of ↓ عَنَنْ, (S, TA,) or of ↓ عَنٌّ: (TA:) the vulgar say عِنَانُ السَّمَآءِ. (S, TA.) b2: And [it is said that]

أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ means The natural dispositions of the devils. (K.) It is said of camels, in a trad., خُلِقَتْ مِنْ أَعْنَانِ الشَّيَاطِينِ [as though meaning They are created of the natural dispositions of the devils]: and in another trad., أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ occurs as said [app. by Mohammad] in answer to a question respecting camels: [but] accord. to IAth, the meaning seems to be, that, by reason of their many evil affections, they are as though they were from the tracts of the devil in respect of their natural dispositions. (TA.) تَعْنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

مُعَنٌّ: see عِنِّينٌ.

مِعَنٌّ One who enters into that which does not concern him, and interferes in everything; (K;) i. q. عِرِّيضٌ, (S,) or عَرِّيضٌ مِتْيَحٌ: (TA: [see these two words:]) fem. with ة (S, K.) b2: and An orator, or a preacher; syn. خَطِيبٌ: (S, K:) or an eloquent خطيب. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

مُعَنَّنٌ: see عِنِّينٌ: b2: and see also مُعَنًّى, in art. عنو.

A2: مُعَنَّنَةُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A girl, or young woman, compact in make; (K, TA;) [as though] compactly twisted like the عِنَان [or rein]: (A, TA:) and ↓ مِعَنَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) a woman compact in make, not flabby in the belly. (TA.) A3: See also عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مُعَنًّى: see عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مَعْنُونٌ [pass. part. n. of 1, q. v.

A2: And] i. q. عِنِّينٌ; q. v. (Msb, TA.) b2: And Possessed; or mad, or insane. (K, TA.)

جون

جون

1 جَانَ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, جانَّ,]) inf. n. جَوْنٌ, (TA,) It (the face) became black. (K.) جَوْنٌ White: and black: (S, Msb, K:) thus bearing two contr. significations: (S:) and ↓ جُونِىٌّ, also, has the latter signification: (IAth, TA in art. حوت:) or جَوْنٌ signifies black tinged over with red: (T, M, TA:) and black intermixed with red; the colour of the قَطَا: (T, TA:) and also red: (K:) or of a pure red colour: (TA:) and, applied to a horse and a camel, of the colour termed أَدْهَم, (S, K,) intensely black: (S:) every camel, and every wild ass, seen from a distance, is of this colour: fem. with ة: (T, TA:) and, applied to a plant, or herbage, green, (K,) or intensely green, (TA,) inclining to blackness: (K, TA:) pl. جُونٌ; (S, TA;) like as صُتْمٌ is of صَتْمٌ, (S,) and وُرْدٌ of وَرْدٌ. (M, TA.) You say also, الشَّمْسُ جَوْنَةٌ The sun is characterized by what is termed جُونَةٌ: (S:) or is intensely glistening and clear. (Az, TA.) [See also جَوْنَةٌ below.] See also جُونِىٌّ. Accord. to ISk, أَبُو الجَوْنِ meansThe white man: opposed to أَبُوالبَيْضَآءِ meaning the negro. (TA in art. بيض.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Day: (AO, S, K:) pl. as above. (K.) So in the saying, غَيَّرَ يَا بِنْتَ الحُلَيْسِ لَوْنِى

مَرُّ اللَّيَالِى وَاخْتِلَافُ الجُوْنِ [The passing of the nights, and the alternating of the day, have changed, O daughter of El-Holeys, my colour]. (AO, S.) b3: And, accord. to certain of the lawyers, metaphorically, (tropical:) The light: and the darkness. (Msb.) b4: And accord. to IAar, (assumed tropical:) The فرق [app. فَرَق, meaning day-break]. (TA.) A2: الجَوْنَانِ The two extremities of the bow. (Fr, Az, K.) جَوْنَةٌ The sun; (K;) [i. e.] the sun's disc; because it becomes black [or of a blackish colour tinged with red] at setting; (S;) or it may be because of its whiteness and clearness; but it is said to be only applied to the sun when it is setting; opposed to غَزَالَةٌ; as observed by MF: (TA:) [see also جَوْنٌ:] the sun is also called ↓ جَوْنَآءُ, (K,) because of its becoming black [or of a blackish colour tinged with red] at setting. (TA.) b2: A [jar such as is called] خَابِيَة: (IAar, TA:) or a خابية smeared with tar, or pitch. (S.) [See an ex. in a verse of Lebeed cited in art. دكن.] See also جُونَةٌ. b3: And A bucket (دَلْو) that has become black. (IAar, TA.) b4: And i. q. فَحْمَةٌ [which may here mean either A piece of charcoal, or the blackness of night or the like]. (IAar, K.) b5: And i. q. أَحْمَرُ [perhaps as a subst., meaning A red thing]. (K.) b6: See also جَونِىٌّ.

جُونَةٌ The quality [i. e. colour], in horses, denoted by [the epithet] جَوْنٌ; like غُبْسةٌ and دُهْمَةٌ; (S;) in horses, i. q. جَوْنَةٌ: (K:) and in the sun, also, the quality denoted by جَوْنَةٌ [as fem. of جَوْنٌ, q. v.]: and blackness; as in the saying, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ حَتَّى تَبْيَضَّ جُونَةُ القَارِ [I will not do it until the blackness of pitch, or tar, become white]: but if you say القَارِ ↓ جَوْنَةُ, the meaning is the خَابِية [smeared with tar, or pitch]. (S.) A2: A small basket (سُلَيْلَة), (K,) or سَفَط, (K in art. جأن,) of a round form, (TA,) that is with the sellers of perfumes, (S, K,) used for containing their perfumes: (K in art. جأن:) called in Persian شِيشَهْ دَانٌ [a receptacle for bottles or the like]: (KL:) originally with ء: (K:) or sometimes pronounced with ء: (S:) El-Fárisee approved the suppression of the ء: (M, TA:) pl. جُوَنٌ. (S, M, K.) [See also رَبْعَةٌ.]

A3: A small mountain. (K.) جَوْنَآءُ: see جَوْنَةٌ. b2: Also A cooking-pot; (K;) because it is black. (TA.) b3: And A she-camel such as is termed دَهْمَآءُ [of an intense, or a dark, gray colour, without any admixture of white]; from جَانَ said of the face. (K.) جُونِىٌّ: see جَوْنٌ. b2: Also A species of the kind of bird called قَطًا, (S, K,) black in the belly and wings, larger than the [species called] كُدْرِىّ, one of the former species being equal to two of the latter: (S, TA:) or, accord. to ISk, the قطا compose two species; one called جُونِىٌّ and كُدْرِىٌّ; and the other, غَطَاطٌ; and the former is dusky, or dingy, or of a hue inclining to black and dust-colour, (أَكْدَر,) in the back, black in the inner side of the wing, yellow in the throat, short in the legs, having in the tail two feathers longer than the rest of the tail: (T, TA:) or, as some say, the كُدْرِيَّة and جُونِيَّة are one of the two species of the قطا, and the other is the غطاط; and the former are short in the legs, yellow in the necks, black in the primary feathers of the wings, of a white hue tinged with red (صُهْب) in the tertials: (TA voce غطاط, q. v.:) [but see كُدْرِىٌّ: the جونىّ is described by De Sacy, on the authority of the book entitled درّة المنتقاة من عجائب المخلوقات وغرائب الموجودات, thus: “ le djouni a les barbes internes des ailes et les pennes primaires noires; il a la gorge blanche, ornée de deux colliers, l'un jaune et l'autre noir; son dos est d'un gris cendré, moucheté, mêlé d'un peu de jaune: on appelle cette espèce djouni, parce que sa voix ne rend pas un son clair et sonore, mais qu'elle fait entendre seulement une sorte de gargouillement dans le gosier: ” (Chrest. Arabe, 2nd ed., ii. 369:)] it is stated in the handwriting of As, on the authority of the Arabs, that جونىّ, applied to the قطا, is with ء; app. meaning that it was pronounced جُؤُنِىٌّ: (M, TA:) a single bird of this species is termed جُونِيَّةٌ: (S:) and you say also ↓ قَطَاةٌ جَوْنَةٌ, with fet-h: (TA:) [but جُونِىٌّ seems to be also used as a n. un., like رُومِىٌّ: for it is said that] جُونٌ is pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of جُونىٌّ, like as تَمْرٌ is of تَمْرَةٌ. (Ham p. 605.)

وكب

وكب

1 وَكَبَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وُكُوبٌ (K) and وَكَبَانٌ (S) and وَكْبٌ (CK), He walked, went, or marched along, in a leisurely manner, (S, K,) or, as in some copies of the S, in a grave and leisurely manner. (TA.) See مَوْكِبٌ.

A2: وَكِبَ He (an antelope) proceeded at a quick pace, (IKtt,) [and with long steps: see وَكُوبٌ]. [Thus the verb bears two contr. significations.] Hence the word ↓ مَوْكِبٌ (IKtt) [as meaning “ a certain mode, or manner, of walking, &c. ”].

A3: وَكَبَ, inf. n. وَكْبٌ, He, or it, stood erect; became erected, set up, raised, or reared: (S, K:) he stood. (K.) b2: وَكَبَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ, and ↓ وَاكَبَ, (in a copy of the S, واكب, which is also mentioned in the sense here following by IKtt and IM, as stated in the TA,) He kept, attended, or applied himself, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously, to the thing, or affair. (S, K.) A4: وَكِبَ; and ↓ وكّب inf. n. تَوْكِيبٌ; It (a date) became black when ripe: (K:) or وَكِبَ signifies, as below, “it (the skin, or a garment,) was dirty, or filthy; ” and ↓ وكّب, it (a grape) became black: (TA: where it is said that this distinction [excepting that the second verb relates to the grape rather than the date] is meant in the K; the passage presenting what is termed لَفٌّ وَنَشْرٌ مُرَتَّبٌ:) or the latter verb signifies it (a grape or a date) showed some degree of blackness. (Az.) See مُوَكِّبٌ. b2: وَكِبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. وَكَبٌ, It (the skin, or a garment,) was dirty, or filthy. (TA.) See وَكَبٌ.2 وَكّب, inf. n. تَوْكِيبٌ, [app., He pursued a middle or just, way with respect to the صِرَار; which is a cord, or a piece of rag, that is bound over a she-camel's udder, or teats, to prevent her young one from sucking her]. (K: the inf. n. is explained by the words المُقَارَبَةُ فِى الصِّرَارِ: written in the TA الصرأر; to which is there added, with kesr.) b2: See 1.3 وَاكبهُمْ (inf. n. مُوَاكَبَةٌ, TA,) He marched, or journeyed, or kept pace, with them; syn. سَايَرَهُمْ: or he hastened with them, and strove to be before them; syn. بَادَرَهُمْ: (K:) or he rode with them (S, K) in their مَوْكِب [or procession]: (TA:) and also, he contended with them in a race or the like. (S.) b2: See 1.4 اوكب He (a camel) kept to the mode of walking, &c.,] or kept with [the kind of procession, called] a مَوْكِب. (ISk, S, K: [but accord. to the K, the latter is the meaning intended; or, as said in the TA, he kept with the procession of riders or camels; for which, however, SM knows no authority.) A2: اوكب He (a bird) rose to fly; ex., اوكب ثُمَّ طَارَ. he rose to fly, and then flew: (Er-Riyáshee:) or prepared to fly; (S, K:) or flapped his wings while falling. (K.) A3: اوكبه He made him angry. (K.) وَكَبٌ The blackness of dates; (K;) or of grapes, &c., (T,) when they become ripe. (K, T.) Generally used with reference to grapes. (TA.) b2: Dirt, or filth, (K,) upon the skin or upon a garment. (TA.) ظَيْبَهٌ وَكُوبٌ also An antelope that keeps to its herd. (TA.) b2: ظَيْبَهٌ وَكُوبٌ An antelope proceeding at a quick pace, with long steps; syn. التّى تُعْنِقُ فى سَيْرِهَا: (S:) and in like manner ↓ نَاقَةٌ مُوَاكِبَهٌ a she-camel that proceeds in that manner: (S, K:) see وَكَبَ: or the latter signifies a she-camel that journeys, or marches, or keeps pace, with the مَوْكِب: (K:) that does not lag behind the [company of] riders. (A.) وَكَّابٌ A man (TA) grieving, or mourning, much; very sorrowful, sad, or unhappy. (K.) وَاكِبَةٌ i. q. قَائِمَةٌ [app. signifying The leg of a quadruped]: (S, K:) from وَكَبَ “ he stood. ” (TA.) مَوْكِبٌ A certain mode, or manner, of walking, marching, proceding, or journeying. (S.) See 1. b2: A company [or procession] of men, riding or walking [or marching by slow degrees, or gradually; or in a grave manner, and by slow degrees, or gradually]: (K:) or a party of people riding upon camels, for the sake of pomp, or parade, (S, K,) or to go forth to the gardens or the like for amusement: (TA:) and in like manner, a company of horsemen, or a cavalcade: (S:) pl. مَوَاكِبُ. (TA.) b3: سَارَ سَيْرَ المَوْكِبِ He walked, marched, or journeyed [in the manner, or at the rate, of a ceremonious procession, or by slow degrees, or] without hastening. (TA, from a trad.) مُوَكِّبٌ A date (or grape, TA,) becoming black, when ripe: (K:) or a grape or date in which the least blackness appears. (Az.) b2: Also An unripe date that is pricked with a thorn in order that it may ripen. (AHn.) مُوَاكِبَةٌ: see وَكُوبٌ.

مَوْكُوبٌ: see 1.

قمط

قمط

1 قَمَطَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and قَمِطَ, (M, K,) inf. n. قَمْطٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) He bound a child (S, Msb) in the cradle, and a sheep or goat on the occasion of slaughtering it, (S,) with the قِمَاط [q. v.]: (S, Msb:) or قَمَطَهُ signifies he bound his arms and legs, or hands and feet, together, like as is done with a child in the cradle, (K, TA,) and elsewhere, putting his limbs [or arms] next to the body, and then winding upon him the قِمَاط: (TA:) and he bound his (a captive's, Mgh, Msb, K, or others', Mgh) arms and legs, or hands and feet, together, (Mgh, Msb, K, *) with a rope; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ قمّطهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَقْمِيطٌ: (M, TA:) and قُمِطَ he (a captive) was thus bound. (S, TA.) b2: قَمَطَ الإِبِلَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He disposed the camels in a file, string, or series. (K, TA.) 2 قَمَّطَ see 1.

قِمْطٌ: see قِمَاطٌ, in two places.

قِمَاطٌ The thing, (S,) or wide piece of rag, (Msb,) with which a child is bound (S, Msb) in the cradle: (S:) or the piece of rag, (Mgh, K,) or wide piece of rag, (TA,) which is wound upon a child (M, K, TA) when he is bound in the cradle: (Mgh, TA: *) pl. قُمُطٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) b2: A rope with which the legs of a sheep or goat are bound (S, Mgh, K) on the occasion of the slaughtering; (S, K;) as also ↓ قِمْطٌ: (K:) or a rope with which the arms and legs, or hands and feet, of a captive are bound together: (Msb, K:) pl. as above; (Mgh;) and the pl. of قُمُطٌ [probably a mistranscription for قِمْطٌ] is أَقْمَاطٌ. (TA.) b3: قُمُطٌ also signifies The شُرُط, (Mgh, Msb,) meaning wide woven ropes, (Mgh,) of fibres or leaves of the palm-tree, by which a booth of reeds or canes is bound: or, as some say, the pieces of wood that are upon the outside of a booth of reeds or canes, or in its inside, to which are bound the bundles of reeds or canes that form the roof: (Mgh, Msb:) or the heads [or extremities] thereof: (Msb:) or قمط, with damm, [app. meaning قُمُطٌ, with damm to the second letter as well as the first, or قُمْطٌ as a contraction of قُمُطٌ, like as كُتْبٌ, accord. to some, is a contraction of كُتُبٌ,] as IAth says, on the authority of Hr, (TA,) or ↓ قِمْطٌ, with kesr, (S, K,) signifies the thing, (S,) or rope, (K, TA,) of fibres or leaves of the palmtree, (TA,) with which booths of reeds or canes are bound: (S, K, TA:) and hence مَعَاقِدُ القِمْطِ [the places where such ropes are tied]. (S.) b4: Also قِمَاطٌ (assumed tropical:) The snares by which one snares men: and [its pl.] قُمُطٌ, accord. to the A, (tropical:) the cords of stratagems or tricks. (TA.) [Hence,] وَقَعْتُ عَلَى قِمَاطِهِ (assumed tropical:) I became acquainted with his stratagems, or tricks, (Lth, K,) or his snares by which he snares men. (TA.) [The explanation of this phrase by Lth is وقعت عَلى بُنُودِهِ: that in the K, فَطِنْتُ بُنُودَهُ: another explanation is given in the TA, which is, فَطِنْتُ لَهُ فى تُؤَدَةٍ: in the JK, فَطَنْتُ بِتُؤَودَةٍ: the right reading in the K and JK seems to be فَطِنْتُ بِبُنُودِهِ: and that of the explanation in the TA mentioned in this sentence is most probably, I think, فَطِنْتُ لَهُ فِى بُنُودِهِ I understood him in his stratagems, &c.]

قَمَّاطٌ A maker of قُمُط [pl. of قِمَاط] for children. (TA.) b2: A rope-maker. (TA.)

شجن

شجن

1 شَجِنَ, (S, L, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَجُنَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. [of the former] شَجَنٌ [in some copies of the K شَجْنٌ] and [of the latter, or of both,] شَجُونٌ; (L, K;) He grieved, mourned, or lamented; or was sorrowful, sad, or unhappy; (S, L, K;) and was anxious: and ↓ تشجّن signifies the same: (L:) or this last signifies, (K,) or, as Lth says, it seems to signify, (L,) he remembered; syn. تَذَكَّرَ. (L, K.) And شجنت الحَمَامَةُ, [app. both شَجِنَت and شَجُنَت,] inf. n. شُجُونٌ, The pigeon cooed in a wailing and plaintive manner. (L.) [See also شَجَنٌ below.]

A2: شَجَنَهُ, (S, L, K,) [aor. ـُ accord. to the usual rule of the K,] inf. n. شَجْنٌ and شُجُونٌ, (L, K,) signifies the same as ↓ اشجنهُ, (S, L, K,) i. e. He, (another person, S,) or it, (an affair, or an event, or a case, L, K,) caused him to grieve or mourn or lament, or to be sorrowful or sad or unhappy. (S, L, K.) A3: شَجَنَتْنِى الحَاجَةُ, (S, L,) and شَجَنَتْهُ, (L, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَجْنٌ, (S, L,) Want, or the want, detained, or withheld, (S, L, K,) me, (S, L,) or him. (L, K.) And مَا شَجَنَكَ عَنَّا What detained, or withheld, thee from us? (L.) 4 اشجنهُ: see the preceding paragraph.

A2: اشجن الكَرْمُ The grape-vine had a branchlet of a bunch of which all the grapes came to maturity. (L, K. [See شِجْنَةٌ.]) 5 تَشَجَّنَ see 1, first sentence.

A2: تشجّن الشَّجَرُ The trees were, or became, tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense. (L, K.) شَجْنٌ (S, L, K [in the CK شَجَنٌ, but expressly said in the S to be بِالتَّسْكِينِ]) A road of a valley; (S, L;) or a road in a valley: or in the upper, or uppermost, part thereof: as also ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ: (K:) pl. of the former شُجُونٌ: (S, L, K:) and of ↓ شَوَاجِنُ: (K:) or ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ signifies a valley in which are many trees; (S, L;) or a place in which are شُجُون, which means tangled trees; (Ham pp. 761-2;) and شَوَاجِنُ is its pl.: (S, L, and Ham p. 762:) or ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ signifies a sort of valley producing good herbage: or, as some say, شَوَاجِنُ signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of a valley; and its sing. is ↓ شَجَنٌ [thus written in the L in this instance], as ISd mentions on the authority of A'Obeyd, but adding that, as such, it is irregular, and that it is more properly to be regarded as pl. of ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ. (L.) b2: [Hence,] one says, الحَدِيثُ ذُو شُجُونٍ, (S, Meyd, L, K,) شُجُون being pl. of شَجْنٌ, with the ج quiescent; (Meyd;) a prov., (Meyd, L,) meaning (assumed tropical:) The story is involved, or intricate; (S, Meyd, L;) or has several ways [in which it may be understood]; (Meyd;) or has several modes, or manners; and objects of aim: (L, K:) applied to a story by which one calls to mind another: (A'Obeyd, Meyd, L:) the first who said it was Dabbeh Ibn-Udd Ibn-Tábikhah: he had two sons, named Saad and So'eyd: and some camels belonging to him ran away by night, so he sent his two sons to seek them; and they separated; and Saad found them and restored them; but So'eyd went on seeking them; and El-Hárith Ibn-Kaab met him; and there were upon the young man two [garments such as are called] burds (بُرْدَانِ), which El-Hárith asked him to give to him, but he refused to comply with his desire; whereupon he slew him, and took his two burds: and Dabbeh, when he saw a dark object in the night, used to say, أَسَعْدٌ أَمْ سُعَيْدٌ [“ Is it Saad or So'eyd? ” (see سَعْدٌ)]; and this saying of his became current as a prov.: some time after this, having gone on pilgrimage, he met El-Hárith Ibn-Kaab at 'Okádh, and saw upon him the two burds of his son So'eyd, and asked him respecting them; and he answered that he had met a young man wearing them, and slain him, and taken them: Dabbeh said, “With this thy sword? ” and he answered, “Yes: ” and he said, “ Give it me that I may look at it, for I think it to be sharp: ” and El-Hárith gave it him: and he took it, and shook it, and said, إِنَّ الحَدِيثَ ذُو شُجُونٍ; and slew him with it: whereupon it was said to him, “O Dabbeh, in the sacred month? ” and he said, سَبَقَ السَّيْفُ العَذْلَ [“ The sword preceded the censure ”): these three provs. he originated. (Meyd.) شُجْنٌ and شِجْنٌ: see the next paragraph.

شَجَنٌ Grief, mourning, lamentation, sorrow, sadness, or unhappiness; (S, L, K;) and anxiety: (L, K:) pl. أَشْجَانٌ (S, L, K) and شُجُونٌ; (L, K; [in the latter of which these pls. are mentioned after all the explanations of the sing.;]) the former a pl. of pauc., and the latter of mult. (Ham p. 404.) [See a verse cited voce عَرَضٌ, in which it means A cause of anxiety.] b2: And The soul's love, or its inclination, or its blamable inclination: (L:) [or] love that is followed by anxiety and grief. (Kull p. 165.) b3: And A want, (S, L, Msb, K,) as also ↓ شَجِينٌ, (L,) wherever it be: (S, L, K:) pl. شُجُونٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and أَشْجَانٌ; (L, Msb, K;) the latter being pl. of شَجِينٌ also. (L.) A rájiz says, لِى شَجَنَانِ شَجَنٌ بِنَجْدِ وَشَجَنٌ لِى بِبِلَادِ السِّنْدِ [I have two wants; a want in Nejd, and I have a want in the country of Es-Sind]. (S.) A2: Also An intricately-intermingling branch of a tree; (L, K;) and a شُعْبَة [i. e. branch, or branchlet, or the like,] of anything; (K;) like ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ and ↓ شَجْنَةٌ (L, K) in the former sense: (L: [accord. to the K, app., in the latter sense:]) or, accord. to IAar, one says ↓ شُجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنٌ meaning a branch of a tree, [or the latter app. means branches, for it seems to be a coll. gen. n.,] and ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شِجْنٌ, and [the pl. of ↓ شُجْنَةٌ is] شُجْنَاتٌ and شُجُنَاتٌ: (L:) or, accord. to J, (L,) ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ signify roots of trees intricately intermingling: (S, L:) [but] the primary signification of ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ is a branchlet (a شُعْبَة of a غُصْن) of a tree: (L:) or ↓ شِجْنَةٌ signifies tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees. (Msb.) b2: See also شِجْنَةٌ. b3: And see شَجْنٌ. b4: Also, (K,) or شجنة, (L, [thus written without any syll. signs, perhaps fem. of شَجَنٌ, i. e. شَجَنَةٌ, but it seems to be indicated by the context in the L that it is ↓ شُجْنَةٌ,]) A she-camel compact in make, of which the several parts are interknit, one with another, (L, K, *) like the parts of a tree. (L.) شَجْنَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شُجْنَةٌ: see شَجَنٌ, in six places: and شِجْنَةٌ.

A2: Also, as some say, Leanness; or slenderness, and leanness; or leanness, and lankness in the belly. (L.) شِجْنَةٌ: see شَجَنٌ, in five places. b2: Also, i. e. with kesr, (K,) or ↓ شَجَنٌ and ↓ شَجَنَةٌ, (L,) A branchlet of a bunch of a grape-vine of which all the grapes come to maturity. (L, K.) b3: شِجْنَةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Relationship closely, or intimately, connected. (L.) One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ شِجْنَةُ رَحِمٍ, and رَحِمٍ ↓ شُجْنَةُ, (assumed tropical:) Between me and him is a relationship closely, or intimately, connected. (S.) And it is said in a trad., الرَّحِمُ شِجْنَةٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ i. e. (tropical:) الرَّحِمُ is derived from الرَّحْمٰن: (S, L: [see رَحِمٌ:]) or, accord. to AO, (L,) the meaning is, [الرَّحِم is] relationship, from God, closely, or intimately, connected, like the roots of trees. (S, L.) b4: Also A crack, or cleft, in a mountain. (Lh, L, K.) شَجَنَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَجُونُ ↓ شَاجِنَتِى is a saying of the Arabs like their saying عَابِلَتِى عَبُولُ [i. e., app., My withholder is death, or shall be death alone; for شَجَنَتْهُ شَجُونُ may be rendered Death withheld him, like as عَبَلَتْهُ عَبُولُ is rendered “ death separated him ”]. (L.) شَجِينٌ: see شَجَنٌ.

شَاجِنٌ Grieving, mourning, or lamenting; or sorrowful, sad, or unhappy; (S, L;) and anxious. (L.) A2: See also an ex. of its fem., with ة, voce شَجُونُ.

شَاجِنَةٌ [as a subst.]; pl. شَوَاجِنُ: see شَجْنٌ, in five places.

عقر

عقر

1 عَقَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, O, &c.,) aor. ـِ (Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ, (S, * Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He wounded him; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) [and so, app., accord. to the K, ↓ عقّرهُ, inf. n. تَعْقِيرٌ; or the latter signifies he wounded him much; for it is said that] تَعْقِيرٌ signifies more than عَقْرٌ: (S, O:) you say of a lion, and of a lynx, and of a leopard, and of a wolf, يَعْقِرُ النَّاسَ [He wounds men]. (Az, Msb.) b2: And عَقَرَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) and عَقَرَهَا, (L, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ; (Mgh, &c.;) and ↓ عقّرهُ, (K,) and عقّرها, (L,) inf. n. تَعْقِيرٌ; (TA;) [or the latter has an intensive signification, or applies to many objects; see above;] He hocked, houghed, or hamstrung, (عَرْقَبَ,) him, or her, namely, a beast; (TA;) he laid bare his [or her] (namely, a camel's) عُرْقُوب [or hock-tendon]; such being the meaning of عقر with the Arabs; (Az, TA;) he struck, (S, IAth, Mgh, Msb,) or cut, (TA,) his, (a camel's, S, IAth, O, Msb, or a horse's, S, O, or a sheep's or goat's, IAth,) or her, (a camel's, L, Mgh,) legs, بِالسَّيْفِ with the sword, (S, IAth, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) while the beast was standing; (IAth;) he cut one of his, or her, (a camel's,) legs, previously to stabbing the animal, that it might not run away when being stabbed, but might fall down, and so be within his power; he moved [his or] her (a camel's) legs with the sword; (IKtt, TA;) he made a mark, or wound, like a notch, in his, or her, (a horse's, or a camel's,) legs. (K.) [See عَقْرٌ, below.] b3: Hence (Az, TA,) عَقَرَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He stabbed him, namely, a camel; slaughtered him by stabbing: (Az, Msb, TA:) because the slaughterer of the camel first lays bare its عَرْقُوب [or hocktendon; or hocks it; or strikes or cuts its legs, or one of its legs, with a sword: see above]. (Az, TA.) So in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, وَيَوْمَ عَقَرْتُ لِلْعَذَارَى مَطِيَّتِى

[And the day when I slaughtered for the virgins my riding-camel]. (TA.) And so in the trad. لَا عَقْرَ فِى الإِسْلَامِ [There shall be no slaughtering of camels at the grave in the time of El-Islám]: for they used to slaughter camels at the graves of the dead, saying, The occupant of the grave used to slaughter camels for guests in the days of his life; so we recompense him by doing the like after his death. (IAth, TA.) b4: Hence also, He slew him; he destroyed him: of this signification we have an ex. in the story of Umm-Zara: وَعَقْرَ جَارَتِهَا And [a cause of] the destruction of her fellow-wife through [the latter's] envy [of her] and rage [against her]. (TA.) b5: حَلْقَى ↓ عَقْرَى, (Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) said of a woman, (TA,) occurring in a trad. of Safeeyeh, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) in which Mohammad is related to have used this expression, on the day of the return of the pilgrims from Minè, when he was told that she had her menstrual flux, to which he added, “I see her not to be aught but a hinderer of us; ” thus accord. to the relaters of traditions, each word being an inf. n., like دَعْوَى; (O, * TA;) of the measure فَعْلَى; or, as some say, the ى is to mark a pause; (Mgh;) and عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, (O, K,) which are also inf. ns.; (TA;) and this is accord. to the usage of the Arabs; (Az, TA;) being a form of imprecation, though not meant to express a desire for its having effect, (Az, Msb, TA,) for what is meant by it is only blame; (Msb;) expl. by وَعَقَرَهَا اللّٰهُ تَعَالَى وَحَلَقَهَا, (K,) i. e., [May God (exalted be He) wound her, &c., and] shave her hair, or afflict her with a pain in her throat: (TA:) or may her body be wounded (عُقِرَ), and may she be afflicted with a disease in her throat: (Mgh, O: *) so accord. to A'Obeyd: or may her leg and her throat be cut: or may her leg be cut and her head shaven: (Mgh:) [or may she be destroyed, and may her throat be cut:] or the two words عقرى and حلقى are epithets, applied to a woman of ill luck; and the meaning is, (Z, O, TA,) she is one who extirpates [or destroys, and cuts the throats of,] her people, by the effect of her ill luck upon them; (Z, O, K, * TA;) being virtually in the nom. case, as enunciatives; i. e., وَحَلْقَى ↓ هِىَ عَقْرَى. (Z, TA.) Lh mentions the phrase, ↓ لَا تَفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ أُمُّكَ عَقْرَى [app. meaning, Do thou not that: may thy mother be childless: (see عَقُرَت:)] without explaining it: but he mentions it with the phrases أُمُّكَ ثَاكِلٌ and أُمُّكَ هَابِلٌ. (TA.) Or ↓ عَقْرَى signifies Having the menstrual flux. (K.) One says also, imprecating a curse upon a man, جَدْعًا لَهُ وَعَقْرًا وَحَلْقًا, meaning, May God [maim him, and] wound (عَقَرَ) his body, and afflict him with a pain in his throat: and sometimes, حَلْقَى ↓ عَقْرَى, without tenween. (S.) [See also 1 in art. حلق.] b6: عَقَرَبِهِ He killed the beast which he was riding, and made him to go on foot: he hocked, houghed, or hamstrung, his beast. (TA.) b7: Hence, عَقَرْتَ بِى Thou hast long detained me, or restrained me; as though thou hadst hocked (عَقَرْتَ) my camel and I were therefore unable to journey: ISk cites as an ex.

قَدْ عَقَرَتْ بِالْقَوْمِ أُمُّ خَزْرَجِ [Umm-Khazraj has long detained the party, or people]. (S, O, TA.) And in the A it is said that عَقَرَتْ فُلَانَةُ بِالرَّكْبِ means Such a woman, or girl, came forth to the riders on camels, and they staid long in her presence; as though she hocked (عَقَرَت) the camels upon which they rode. (TA.) One says also قَدْ كَانَتْ لِى حَاجَةٌ فَعَقَرَنِى

عَنْهَا I had a want, and he withheld me from it, and hindered me. (Ibn-Buzurj, L.) Hence, عَقْرُ النَّوَى, (Az, TA,) meaning صَرْفُهَا حَالًا بَعْدَ حَالٍ

[i. e. The shifting about of the course of a journey by successive changes: see صَرْفٌ, third sentence]. (O, TA.) b8: And عَقَرَ بِالصَّيْدِ i. q. وَقَعَ بِهِ [app. meaning He made much slaughter among the objects of the chase]. (O, K.) b9: And عَقَرَتْ بِهِمْ She (a woman) smote their souls, and wounded their hearts. (O.) b10: عَقَرَ النَّخْلَةَ, (inf. n. عَقْرٌ, TA, and subst. [or quasi-inf. n., like جَدَادٌ and صَرَامٌ and قَطَافٌ &c.,] ↓ عَقَارٌ, T, S, O, TA,) He cut off the head of the palm-tree, (T, S, O, K,) altogether, with the heart (الجُمَّار), (T, S, O,) so that it dried up, (K,) and nothing came forth from its trunk. (IKtt.) b11: لَا تَعْقِرَنَّ شَجَرًا Thou shalt by no means cut down trees. (Mgh.) b12: عَقَرَ المَرْعَى He cut down the trees of the pasture-land: he cut down the herbage, or pasture, and spoiled it. (TA.) b13: عَقَرَ الكَلَأَ He ate the herbage, or pasture. (O, K.) And He had the herbage for pasturage. (O.) b14: You say of wine, يَعْقِرُ العَقْلَ [It disables the intellect; like as a man disables a beast by hocking him]. (IAar.) b15: عَقَرَهُ, (S, O, TA,) aor. ـِ (TA,) inf. n. عَقْرٌ, (S, O, TA,) He (a man) galled his (a camel's) back: (TA:) he galled it; namely, a camel's back: (S, O:) it (a camel's saddle, TA, and a horse's saddle, S, O, TA) galled his (the beast's) back. (S, O, TA.) b16: And عُقِرَتْ رَكِيَّتُهُمْ Their well was demolished. (O.) A2: عَقِرَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. عَقَرٌ, (S, O,) His (a man's) legs betrayed him, so that he was unable to fight, by reason of fright and stupefaction: (S, O:) he became stupified, or deprived of his reason: (S, K:) or he was taken by sudden fright, (K, TA,) and stupified, or deprived of his reason, (TA,) so that he could not advance nor retire. (K, TA.) عَقِرْتُ حَتَّى خَرَرْتُ إِلَى الأَرْضِ [My legs betrayed me, &c., so that I fell to the earth] was said by 'Omar. (S.) And one says, عَقِرْتُ حَتَّى مَا أَقْدِرُ عَلَى الكَلَامِ [I am stupified, or taken by sudden fright, &c., so that I am not able to talk]. (M, TA.) [And عَقِرَ alone means He became unable to speak. In one place in the L, this verb is written عُقِرَ; but this is probably a mistake.]

A3: عَقُرَتْ, aor. ـُ (S, IJ, M, IKtt, L, Msb;) in the K, عُقِرَتْ, of the class of عُنِىَ; but the authorities indicated above show that عَقُرَتْ is the correct form; (TA;) and عَقَرَتْ, aor. ـِ (M, IKtt, L, Msb, K;) and عَقِرَتْ, aor. ـَ (M, IKtt, L;) inf. n. عُقْرٌ, (S, M, IKtt, L, Msb, K,) of the first, (S, Msb, like as حُسْنٌ is inf. n. of حَسُنَتْ, (S,) or of the second, (M, L, K,) and عَقَارَةٌ (M, L, K) and عُقَارَةٌ, (K,) or عِقَارَةٌ, (M and L, as in the TA,) which are of the first, (M, L, K,) and عَقْرٌ, (M, IKtt, L, Msb, K,) which is of the second, (M, L, Msb, K,) and عَقَارٌ, or عُقَارٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or عِقَارٌ, (M and L, as in the TA,) also of the second, (K,) or of the third; (M, L;) She (a woman [and a camel &c.]) was, or became, barren: (K, TA:) or did not conceive: (S:) or ceased to conceive. (IKtt, Msb.) b2: عَقَرَ, aor. ـِ and عَقِرَ, aor. ـَ He (a man [and a beast]) was barren; did not generate. (TA.) b3: عَقُرَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُقْرٌ, (assumed tropical:) It (an affair) did not produce any issue, or result. (K.) A4: عَقَرَهَا He (God) made her [to be barren, or] to cease to conceive. (Msb.) 2 عقّرهُ: see 1, first and second sentences. b2: جَدَّعْتُهُ وَعَقَّرْتُهُ I said to him جَدْعًا لَكَ وَعَقْرًا. (Sb.) [See 1.]3 عاقرهُ He contended with him for superior glory (K, TA) and generosity and excellence (TA) in the hocking, or slaughtering, (عَقْر [see 1],) of camels. (K, TA.) It was customary for two men thus to contend for superior munificence, [giving away the flesh of the victims,] but they did so for the sake of display and vain glory; wherefore the eating of the flesh of camels slaughtered on an occasion of this kind is forbidden in a trad., and they are likened to animals sacrificed to that which is not God. (TA.) b2: And عاقرهُ, (TK,) inf. n. مُعَاقَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He held a dialogue or colloquy, or a disputation or debate, with him, (S, K,) and encountered him with mutual reviling and satire (S, TA) and cursing. (TA.) A2: Also عاقرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَاقَرَةٌ, (S, O, K,) He, or it, kept, confined himself or itself, clave, clung, or held fast, to him, or it: (S, O, K: *) he kept, or applied himself, constantly, or perseveringly, to him, or it. (TA.) You say عاقر الخَمْرَ, (S, * TA,) and simply عاقر, (TA,) He kept, or applied himself, constantly, or perseveringly, to the drinking of wine: (S, TA:) or مُعَاقَرَةُ الشَّرَابِ signifies the contending with wine for superiority; as when a man says, I have more, or most, strength for drinking, and so contending with it for superiority, and being overcome thereby. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) You say also, عَاقَرَتِ الخَمْرُ الدَّنَّ The wine remained long confined to the [jar called] دَنّ; syn. لَازَمَتْهُ. (S, K.) And عاقرت الخَمْرُ العَقْلَ [app., The wine took hold upon the intellect: or contended with it for superiority]. (S.) 4 اعقرهُ He stupified him [so that his legs betrayed him and he was unable to fight or to advance or retire: see عَقِرَ]. (S, O.) A2: اعقر اللّٰهُ رَحِمَهَا God rendered her womb barren; (O, TA;) God affected her womb mith a disease (K, TA) so that she did not conceive. (TA.) A3: اعقر فُلَانًا He assigned to such a one a grant of land; syn. أَطْعَمَهُ عُقْرَةً i. e. طُعْمَةً. (K.) b2: and one says, أَعْقَرْتُكَ كَلَأَ مَوْضِعِ كَذَا I have given thee permission to pasture thy beasts upon the herbage of such a place. (O.) A4: And اعقر He became possessed of much property such as is termed عَقَار. (S, IKtt, O.) 6 تَعَاقَرَا, (K,) or تعاقرا إِبِلَهُمَا, (S, O,) They two hocked, or hamstrung, their camels, (عَرْقَبَا

إِبِلَهُمَا, S, O, or عَقَرَاهَا, K,) vying, each with the other, therein, (S, O,) that it might be seen which of them should do so most. (K.) [See 3.]7 انعقر He (a camel, and a horse, [&c.,]) [became hocked, houghed, or hamstrung; had his hock-tendon laid bare;] had his legs struck [or cut] with a sword. (S.) [See 1.] b2: It (a camel's or a horse's back) became galled by the saddle; as also ↓ اعتقر. (S, K.) 8 إِعْتَقَرَ see what next precedes.

عَقْرٌ The act of wounding; &c.: [see 1:] a mark, or wound, (أَثَرٌ,) like a notch, (كالحَزِّ, K, TA, [in the CK, كالخَرِّ,]) in the legs of a horse, and of a camel. (K.) [Hence, عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, and عَقْرَى حَلْقَى: see 1.]

A2: See also عُقْرٌ, first sentence: A3: and again in the last quarter.

A4: Also What is, or constitutes, the most essential part, of anything; or the prime, or the principal part, thereof; syn. أَصْلٌ: [such appears to me to be the meaning of اصل as here used, from what follows.] (S, IF, Msb.) b2: The principal part (أَصْل) of a دَار [i. e., a country]; (As, S, Msb, K;) which is the place where the people dwell, or abide; (As, S;) as also ↓ عُقْرٌ: (As, S, Msb, K:) the former of the dial. of Nejd; (As, TA;) and the latter of the dial. of the people of El-Medeeneh, (As, S,) or of the dial. of El-Hijáz; (TA;) or both of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz; and the latter, in the dial. of others, signifies the chief, or main, part of a دار; (Msb;) and the latter also signifies the middle [or heart] of a دار: (K:) or عَقْرُ الدَّارِ and ↓ عُقْرُهَا both signify the principal part (اصل) of the place of abode of a people, upon which they rest their confidence. (Mgh, O.) This last signification is exemplified by the trad. of 'Alee, مَا غُزِىَ قَوْمٌ فِى عَقْرِ دَارِهِمْ إِلَّا ذَلُّوا [No people have had war waged against them in the principal part of their country, upon which they rest their confidence, but they have become abased, or brought into subjection]: (Mgh, O:) or the meaning here is, in the midst [or heart] of their country, &c.; i. e., in the place where they abide, or lodge. (L.) It is said in another trad., عَقْرُ دَارِ الْإِسْلَامِ الشَّأْمُ, meaning, The principal part (اصل), and the place, of the country of El-Islám is Syria: apparently pointing to a time of conflicts and factions, or seditions, when Syria should be free from them, and the Muslims should there be more secure. (TA.) Lth has confounded in explaining what is the عُقْر of a دار and what is the عُقْر of a tank or trough for watering beasts &c. (Az.) عُقْرٌ (S, M, &c.) and ↓ عَقْرٌ, (M,) or ↓ عَقْرَةٌ and ↓ عُقْرَةٌ, (A, K,) Barrenness, in a woman, (S, K, &c.,) and in a man. (S, TA.) You say also لَقِحَتِ النَّاقَةُ عَنْ عُقْرٍ [The she-camel conceived after having been barren]. (S, O.) And لَقِحَ لِقَاؤُكَ عَنْ عُقْرٍ [app., (assumed tropical:) The meeting thee hath been productive of good after barrenness thereof]. (A, TA.) And لَقِحْنَ إِلَى عُقْرٍ, a phrase used by Dhu-r-Rummeh, referring to wars; i. e. (assumed tropical:) They returned to stillness. (TA.) And رَجَعَتِ الحَرْبُ

إِلَى عُقْرٍ (assumed tropical:) The war became languid. (A, TA.) b2: عُقْرٌ in a palm-tree means [Barrenness, or a drying up, and perishing, occasioned by] having the [fibrous substance called] لِيف stripped off (O, K, TA) from the heart, (O, TA,) and the heart itself taken away; (O, K, TA;) which being done, it dries up and perishes. (Az, O, TA.) A2: Also, or ↓ عُقُرٌ, or the latter is used only by poetic license, Anything which a man drinks, and in consequence thereof has no offspring born to him. (O, TA.) A3: Also, عُقْرٌ, A kind of dowry, (S,) or compensation, (IAth,) which is given to a woman when connection has been had with her in consequence of dubiousness, or a likeness [on her part to the man's wife]: (إِذَا وُطِئَتْ عَنْ شُبْهَةٍ, S; or بِشُبْهَةٍ, Mgh; or عَلَى وَطْءِ الشُّبْهَةِ, IAth:) or a recompense which is given to a woman for connection with her: (AO:) or a mulct, or fine, which is paid to a woman for ravishing her: (Lth, Msb, K:) or what is given to a female slave who has been ravished, like a dowry in the like case to a free woman: (Ahmad Ibn-Hambal:) so called because devirgination wounds the object of it: pl. أَعْقَارٌ. (IAth, TA.) b2: Hence, in consequence of frequency of usage, (Msb,) A woman's dowry; (Msb, K;) i. q. بُضْعُهَا. (O.) b3: Also The exploration of a woman to see if she be a virgin or not: (Kh, O, K, TA:) but Az says that this is unknown. (TA.) [Perhaps it is a meaning inferred from what here follows.] b4: بَيْضَةُ العُقْرِ is That [egg] with which a woman is tested on the occasion of devirgination: (K: [but what is meant by this, I have not been able to learn:]) or the first egg of the hen; (K, TA;) because it wounds her: (TA:) or the last egg of the hen; (O, K, TA;) when she is old and weak: (TA:) or the egg of the cock, which [they say] he lays once in the year, (O, K,) [or once in his life, for] they assert that it is the egg of the cock, because he lays, in his life, one egg, somewhat inclining to length; so called because the virginity of the girl, or young woman, is tested with it: hence, they say of a thing given one time [only], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ: or, as some say, it is like the phrases بَيْضُ الأَنُوقِ and الأَبْلَقُ العَقُوقُ; so that it is a phrase proverbially used as applied to a thing that never is: (S, O:) accord. to A'Obeyd, when a niggard gives once, and not again, one says [of the gift], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ الدِّيكِ; and when he gives a thing, and then stops doing so, one says of the last time [of his giving], كَانَتْ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ. (TA.) One says also, كَانَ ذٰلِكَ بَيْضَةَ العُقْرِ meaning * That happened once, not a second time. (TA.) and بَيْضَةُ العُقْرِ means also (tropical:) He who has no offspring. (K, TA. [See also عَاقِرٌ.]) And (assumed tropical:) He who stands another in no stead. (TA.) A4: Also A grant of land; syn. طُعْمَةٌ; (O, K;) and so ↓ عُقْرَةٌ. (K. [See 4.]) b2: And A place where people alight (مَحَلَّةُ قَوْمٍ, K, TA) between the house, or abode, and the trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c.; (TA;) as also ↓ عَقْرٌ: (K, TA:) or (TA, but in the K “ and ”) the hinder part of a trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c., (S, K, TA,) where the camels stand when they come to water; as also ↓ عُقُرٌ: (S:) or the station of the drinker; (K;) as in all the copies of the K; but accord. to the T and Nh, the station of the animals drinking: (TA:) or the place where the bucket is emptied, at the hinder part of the trough, or tank; the place at the fore part being called its إِزَآء: (IAar:) pl. أَعْقَارٌ. (S, O.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا يُهْدَمُ الحَوْضُ مِنْ عُقْرِهِ [lit., The trough, or tank, for watering beasts &c. is demolished only by commencing from its hinder part]; meaning, an affair is performed only by setting about it in the proper way. (TA.) b3: Also The part of a well where the fore feet of the animals watering stand when they drink. (TA.) b4: See also عَقْرٌ, in two places.

عَقِرٌ: fem. عَقِرَةٌ: see the latter voce عَقِيرٌ: A2: and see عَاقِرٌ.

A3: نَاقَةٌ عَقِرَةٌ, accord. to the K, A she-camel that will not drink save from fear: but accord. to IAar [and the S and O], that will not drink save from the عُقْر of the trough, or tank; and أَزِيَةٌ signifies one “ that will not drink save from its إِزَآء,” i. e. “ from its fore part. ” (TA.) عُقَرٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ, in two places.

عُقُرٌ: see عُقْرٌ, in two places.

عَقْرَةٌ: see عُقْر, first sentence.

عُقْرَةٌ: see عُقْرٌ, first sentence: A2: and again in the last quarter.

عُقَرَةٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ, in two places; and عَقُورٌ.

A2: Also A kind of bead (خَرَزَةٌ, S, O, K) which a woman binds upon her flanks, in order that she may not conceive; (T, S, O;) or which a woman bears, or carries, in order that she may not bear offspring: (K:) accord. to IAar, a kind of bead which is hung upon her who is barren, in order that she may bear offspring; but this is strange. (TA.) Hence the saying, عُقَرَةُ العِلْمِ النِّسْيَانُ [That which renders knowledge barren is forgetfulness]. (S, O.) A3: See also عَاقِرٌ, in two places.

عَقْرَى: see 1, in five places.

عُقْرَى: see the paragraph here following.

عَقَارٌ: see عَقَرَ النَّخْلَةَ.

A2: Also Real, or immovable, property, (كُلُّ مَالٍ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, Mgh, or مِلْكٌ ثَابِتٌ لَهُ أَصْلٌ, Msb, or مَا لَهُ أَصْلٌ وَقَرَارٌ, KT,) [an estate] consisting of a house or land yielding a revenue; (Mgh;) or such as land and a house; (KT;) or such as a house and palm-trees: (Msb:) or simply, land yielding a revenue; syn. ضَيْعَةٌ; (Mgh, K:) as also ↓ عُقْرَى: (Sgh, K:) or land; or lands yielding revenues (syn. ضِيَاعٌ); and palmtrees; (S, O, TA;) and the like: (TA:) and palm-trees (L, K) in particular: (L:) pl. عَقَائِرُ. (Msb.) You say مَا لَهُ دَارٌ وَلَا عَقَارٌ He has not a house nor land, or lands yielding revenues, or palm-trees. (S, O.) b2: Also (sometimes, Msb) Household goods, or furniture and utensils, (S, O, Msb, * K, TA,) which are not used except on the occasions of festivals, (K, TA,) and necessary affairs of great importance, (TA,) and the like: (K, TA:) thus, with fet-h, accord. to Az and IAar; (TA;) and sometimes with damm [↓ عُقَارٌ], (K,) thus accord. to As; (O, TA;) but in saying so, he differs from the generality of authorities: (TA:) or the best of furniture and the like, because none but the best is spread on the occasions of festivals: (TA:) and the best of anything. (O, TA.) One says فِى البَيْتِ عَقَارٌ حَسَنٌ In the house, or tent, are goodly furniture and utensils. (S, O.) عُقَارٌ Wine: (S, O, K:) or wine that does not delay to intoxicate: (TA:) so called because of its taking hold upon the intellect, or contending with it for superiority, (لِأَنَّهَا عَاقَرَتِ العَقْلَ,) accord. to Aboo-Nasr; (S;) or because of its remaining long confined to the [jar called] دَنّ, (S, O, K,) accord. to AA; (S, O;) [see 3;] or because the drinker keeps closely to it; (TA;) or because it prevents the drinker from walking; (K;) or because it disables (يَعْقِرُ) the intellect. (IAar.) A2: See also عَقَارٌ.

عَقُورٌ, applied to a dog, (S, O, Msb, K,) and to any animal of prey, as a lion, and a lynx, and a leopard, and a wolf, (Az, IAth, Msb,) and the like, (IAth,) each of these being called كَلْبٌ عَقُورٌ, (Az, IAth, Msb,) because of the same rapacious nature as the dog, (IAth,) meaning, That wounds, (Az, * IAth, O, Msb,) and kills, and seizes its prey and breaks its neck: (IAth:) [or that wounds, &c., much; for] it is an intensive epithet: (TA:) only applied to an animal; (S, K; [in the latter of which, the words thus rendered are preceded by “ or; ” the epithet in what precedes being restricted to a dog, but not explained;]) ↓ عُقَرَةٌ being applied to an inanimate thing: (K:) pl. عُقُرٌ, (Msb, and so in some copies of the K,) or عُقْرٌ. (So in some copies of the K, and in the TA.) عَقِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مَعْقُورٌ; (IF, O, K;) applied to a man, Wounded: (S, O:) pl. عَقْرَى. (S, Mgh, O, K.) b2: Applied to a camel, (S, Mgh, O,) both to a male and to a female, (TA,) and to a horse [or mare, &c.], (S, O,) [Hocked, houghed, or hamstrung;] having the [hock-tendon or] two hock-tendons laid bare, so as to be unable to run; applied to a horse; (TA;) struck [or cut] in the legs with a sword; (S, Mgh, O;) [a camel having one of the legs cut, previously to being stabbed; having a mark, or wound, like a notch, made in his, or her, (a camel's or a horse's) legs: see 1:] pl. as above. (S, Mgh.) [See also عَقِيرَةٌ.] b3: [Hence,] applied to a camel, (male, Msb, and female, L,) Stabbed; slaughtered by stabbing: (L, Msb, TA:) pl. as above. (Msb.) b4: Applied to a palm-tree (نَخْلَةٌ), as also ↓ مَعْقُورَةٌ, (Az, TA,) and, accord. to the copies of the K, ↓ عَقِيرَةٌ, but correctly ↓ عَقِرَةٌ, as in the M, (TA,) Having its head cut off, (Az, K, TA,) altogether, with the heart, (Az, TA,) and having in consequence dried up, (K, TA,) so that nothing comes forth from its trunk. (IKtt, TA.) A2: A man unable to walk, or to fight, by reason of fright and stupefaction; (TA;) taken by sudden fright, so as to be unable to advance or retire: or stupified: (K:) in which last sense it is applied to an antelope. (TA.) A3: See also عَاقِرٌ.

عَقِيرَةٌ signifies مَا عُقِرَ [What is wounded, or hocked, or struck or cut in the legs,] of wild animals that are snared or hunted or chased, and the like; (K;) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (TA.) See عَقِيرٌ. b2: A man of high rank who is slain. (S, K.) So in the saying, مَا رَأَيْتُ كَالْيَوْمِ عَقِيرَةً وَسْطَ قَوْمٍ [I have not before seen, as on this day, a man of high rank who is slain in the midst of a people]. (S.) b3: A leg, or shank, cut. (S, O, K.) b4: Hence, The voice, or a cry; (S;) the voice of a singer (K, TA) singing; (TA;) the voice of a weeper (K, TA) weeping; (TA;) the voice of a reciter or reader (K, TA) reciting or reading; (TA;) the utmost extent of the voice or of a cry. (TA.) You say رَفَعَ فُلَانٌ عَقِيرَتَهُ Such a one raised his voice: the origin of the saying was this: a man had one of his legs cut, or cut off, and he raised it, and put it upon the other, and cried out with his loudest voice: so this was afterwards said of any one who raised his voice: (S, O:) or it is expl. thus: a man had one of his limbs wounded, and he had camels which were accustomed to his singing in driving them, and which had become dispersed from him; so he raised his voice, crying, by reason of the wound; and his camels, hearing, and thinking that he was singing to drive them, came together to him: and hence this was afterwards said of any one who raised his voice, singing. (Az, TA.) عُقَيْرَى a dim. n., of the occurrence of which the only instance known to KT is in a trad. cited and expl. voce أَصْحَرَ: said by IAth to be derived from عَقْرٌ in the phrase عَقْرُ الدَّارِ. (TA.) عَقَّارٌ [A simple; a drug;] any of the elements (أُصُول) of medicines; (S, O;) what is used medicinally, of plants and of their roots (أُصُول) and of trees: (K, TA:) [accord. to the CK, what is used medicinally, of plants, or of their roots: and trees: the last word being in the nom. case:] as also ↓ عِقِّيرٌ: (K:) or what is used medicinally, of plants and trees: (L, TA:) or a medicine that is used for moving the bowels: (Az, TA:) or any curative plant; as also its pl., (AHeyth,) which is عَقَاقِيرُ: (AHeyth, S:) nothing thus termed is called فُوهٌ. (AHeyth.) b2: [Hence,] حَدِيدٌ جَيِّدُ العَقَاقِيرِ (assumed tropical:) Iron of excellent manufacture. (O, K.) عِقِّيرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَاقِرٌ; see مِعْقَرٌ.

A2: Also, applied to a woman, Barren: (O, K, TA:) that does not conceive: (S, O:) or that has ceased to conceive: (Msb:) as being from عَقُرَتْ, it is an instance of the confusion of dialects; [being properly from عَقَرَتْ;] or it is a possessive epithet [meaning having the quality of barrenness]: (IJ:) pl. عُقَّرٌ, (K, TA,) which is applied to women and to she-camels, (TA,) or عَوَاقِرُ and عَاقِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ is in like manner applied to a woman, signifying, having a disease in her womb, (O, K, TA,) in consequence of which she does not conceive. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Barren; that has no offspring born to him; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَقِيرٌ: (K:) the former anomalous; [if regarded as from عَقُرَ, not from عَقَرَ; but عَقُرَ said of a man, I do not find;] the latter regular; [if from عَقُرَ;] and the latter has not been heard applied to a woman: (TA:) pl. عُقَّرٌ: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ is also applied to a man, and signifies, one who comes to women, and feels them, and indulges himself with them in mutual embracing, or pressing to the bosom, (يُحَاضِنُهُنَّ,) but has no offspring born to him. (IAar, TA.) b3: (tropical:) A tree (شَجَرَةٌ) that does not bear; barren: and in like manner ↓ عَقِرَةٌ, occurring in a trad., as the name of a certain tract of land (أَرْضٌ), which name Mohammad changed to خَضِرَةٌ; or this may be from the same epithet applied to a palm-tree. (TA.) [See also عَقِيرٌ.] b4: Applied to a tract of sand (رَمْلَةٌ), (tropical:) That produces no plants or herbage; (O, K, TA;) likened to a [barren] woman: (TA:) or of which the sides produce plants or herbage, but the middle does not produce: (TA:) or such as is large: (K:) or large and producing no plants or herbage. (S.) عَاقُورٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ.

أَعْقَرُ مِنْ بَغْلَةٍ [More barren than a she-mule]. (TA in art. بغل.) مُعْقِرٌ A man having much properly such as is termed عَقَارٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

مِعْقَرٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِعْقَارٌ and ↓ مُعْقِرٌ (K) and ↓ عُقَرٌ (Az, S, O, K) and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ عَاقُورٌ, (O, K,) applied to the saddle of a horse (S, K) and that of a camel, (TA,) That galls the back; (S, * O, * K;) i. e., that usually galls the back: if it galls it but once it is only termed ↓ عَاقِرٌ. (A' Obeyd.) b2: Also مِعْقَرٌ and ↓ عُقَرٌ and ↓ عُقَرَةٌ A man who galls the backs of camels by fatiguing them with labour, or by urging them much in a journey. (L, K.) مُعْقَرَةٌ Having her womb rendered barren by God. (TA.) مِعْقَارٌ: see مِعْقَرٌ.

مَعْقُورٌ and مَعْقُوَرةٌ: see عَقِيرٌ.

مُعْتَقَرٌ A place of عَقْر [or اِعْتِقَار, i. e. of galling, or being galled, upon the back of a camel or the like]. (TA in art. ارى.)

كلب

كلب

1 كَلِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. كَلَبٌ, He (a dog) was seized with madness, in consequence of eating human flesh. (K.) See also كَلَبٌ and كَلِبٌ. b2: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, He (a man) was seized with madness like that of dogs, in consequence of his having been bitten by a [mad] dog; [was seized with hydrophobia]. (K.) So also a camel. (S, K.) See also كَلَبٌ and كَلِبٌ. b3: كُلِبَ, like عَنِىَ, [i. e., pass. in form, but neut. in signification,] He lost his reason by the kind of madness termed كَلَب. (K.) See كَلَابٌ. b4: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was angry (K) عَلَيْهِ with him; and thus resembled one afflicted with the disease called كَلَب. (TA.) b5: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (assumed tropical:) He was light-witted; weak and stupid, or foolish; ignorant; deficient in intellect: syn. سَفِهَ: (K:) and thus resembled one afflicted with the disease called كَلَب. (TA.) b6: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (assumed tropical:) He thirsted. (K.) From كَلِبَ signifying “ he was seized with the disease of dogs, and died of thirst: ” for the person afflicted with this disease thirsts, and when he sees water, is frightened at it. (TA.) b7: كَلِبَ عَلَى شَىْءٍ, (TA,) inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (tropical:) He was eager for, or desired with avidity, a thing. (K, TA.) b8: In like manner, النَّاسُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ ↓ تَكَالَبَ (tropical:) The people were eager for the thing, as though they were dogs. b9: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (tropical:) He ate voraciously, without becoming satiated. (K.) b10: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, He (a person bitten by a mad dog) cried out, [or barked]. (K.) b11: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ; (so accord. to the TA; but accord. to some copies of the K, كَلَبَ;) and ↓ استكلب; He (a dog) had the habit of eating men. (TA.) b12: كَلَبَ, aor. ـِ (K: but in some copies, كَلِبَ, aor. ـَ [which is evidently the right reading;]) and ↓ استكلب; He (a man in a desert place, TA,) barked, in order that dogs might hear him and bark, and that one might be guided thereby to him [to receive or direct him]. (K.) b13: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ and مَكْلَبَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He performed the office of a pimp. (As, IAar, K.) [This office seems to be thus compared with that which a dog performs, in inviting travellers, by his bark, to enjoy his master's hospitality.] b14: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (assumed tropical:) It (a tree), not having sufficient watering, had rough leaves, without losing their moisture, so that they caught to the garments of those who passed by, thus annoying them like a dog. (ADk, K. *) b15: كَلِبَ (assumed tropical:) It (a tree) became stripped of its leaves, and rugged, or scabrous, so that it caught to men's garments, and annoyed the persons passing by, like a dog. (TA.) A2: كَلَبَ المَزادَةٌ, aor. ـُ (inf. n. كَلْبٌ, TA,) He inserted a strap, thong, or strip of leather, (كَلْب,) between the two edges of the مزادة, in sewing them: (S:) or الكَلْبُ is the action of a woman who sews a skin, when, finding the thong too short, she inserts into the hole a double thong, and puts through it [i. e. through the loop thus formed] the end of the deficient thong, and then makes it to come out [on the other side of the skin, by pulling the loop through]. (IDrd.) See كُلْبَةٌ. b2: كَلَبَتِ السَّيْرِ aor. ـُ inf. n. كَلْبٌ, She (a female sewer of skins or the like), finding the thong [with which she was sewing] too short, doubled a thong, through which she put the end of the deficient thong [in order to draw it through]: (TA:) or كَلَبَ السَّيْرَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, signifies he sewed the thong, or strip of leather, between two other thongs, or strips. (IAar.) A3: كَلِبَ عَلَيْهِ القِدُّ (tropical:) The strap or thong of untanned hide pressed painfully upon him, by his being exposed with it to the sun or air, and its drying. (TA.) كَلِبَ عَلَيْهِ الدَّهْرُ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (tropical:) Fortune pressed severely upon him. (TA, from a trad.) See also كَلِيبٌ, and 6. b2: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, (tropical:) It (winter, S, K, cold, &c., S,) became severe, or intense: (S, K:) he (an enemy) pressed hard, or vehemently, upon him. (TA.) A4: كَلِبَ, inf. n. كَلَبٌ, It (a rope) fell between the cheek and wheel of the pulley. (K.) A5: كَلَبَهُ, aor. ـُ He struck him with a كُلَّاب, or spur. (S, K.) كلّب, inf. n. تَكْلِيبٌ, He trained a dog to hunt: and sometimes, he trained a فَهْد, or a bird of prey, to take game. (L.) See the act. part. n.3 كالبهُ, inf. n. مُكَالَبَةٌ (S, K, TA) and كِلَابٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He acted in an evil manner, or injuriously, towards him; or contended against him: (S, K:) he straitened, or distressed, him, (K,) as dogs do, one to another, when set upon each other: (TA:) he acted with open enmity, or hostility, to him: (Msb:) and ↓ تَكَالُبٌ (inf. n. of 6) is syn. with مُكَالَبَةٌ. (S.) A2: كَالَبَتِ الإِبِلُ, (inf. n. مُكَالَبَةٌ, TA,) The camels fed upon كَلَالِيب, i. e., the thorns of trees. (K.) b2: Also sometimes signifying The camels pastured upon dry, or tough, حش [app. a mistake for خَشّ “ what is very rough ”]. (TA.) 4 أَكْلَبَ His camels became affected with the disease called كَلَبٌ; (S, K;) i. e., with a madness like that which arises from the dog. (TA.) 6 تَكَاْلَبَ See 3 and 1. b2: هُمْ يَتَكَالَبُونَ عَلَى كَذَا They leap, or rush, together upon such a thing [in an evil, or injurious, or contentious, manner]. (S.) التَّكَالُبُ is syn. with التَّوَاثُبُ: (S, K:) [and so also, accord. to the CK, is التَّكْلاَبُ, which I suppose to be an intensive inf. n. of كَلِبَ].8 اكتلب He made use of a كُلْبَة, i. e., a thong of leather, &c. in sewing a skin &c. [See كُلْبَة.] (Lh.) 10 إِسْتَكْلَبَ see 1 A2: and see 10 in art. سعل.

كَلْبٌ a word of well-known signification, [The dog:] (S:) or any wounding animal of prey: (L, K, &c.:) but whether birds [of prey] are comprised in this term is a point that requires consideration: (Esh-Shiháb El-Khafájee:) and especially applied to the barking animal [or dog]: (K:) or rather, this is its proper signification; and it admits no other: (MF:) sometimes used as an epithet; as in the ex.

إِمْرَأَةٌ كَلْبَةٌ [A woman like a bitch; a woman who is a bitch]: (S:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْلُبٌ and (of mult., TA,) كِلَابٌ (S, K) and كَلِيبٌ, which is a rare [form of] pl., like عَبِيدٌ, pl. of عَبْدٌ, [or rather a quasi-pl. n.,] (S,) and (pl. of أَكْلُبٌ, S,) أَكَالِبُ (S, K) and (pl. of كِلَابٌ, TA,) كِلَابَاتٌ (K) and (also pl. of كِلَابٌ) أَكَالِيبُ: (Msb:) كِلَابٌ is also used as a pl. of pauc.; ثَلَاثَةُ كِلَابٍ

being said for ثلاثةٌ مِنَ الكِلَابِ; or كلاب being used in this case for أَكْلُبٍ: (Sb:) كَلِيبٌ and ↓ كَالِبٌ signify a pack, or collected number, of dogs: (K:) [both are quasi-pl. ns. in my opinion, though the former is called a pl. in the S:] accord. to some, the former, if masc., is a quasipl. n. ; and if fem., a pl.: (MF:) the latter is like جَامِلٌ and بَاقِرٌ [which are both quasi-pl. ns.]. (L.) The pl. of كَلْبَةٌ [the fem.] is كِلَابٌ and كَلَبَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: فُلَانٌ بِوَادِى الكَلْبِ (tropical:) [Such a one is in the valley of the dog:] said of one whom no one cares for, and who has no place of abode or resort, but is like a dog, which one sees ever going forth into the desert. b3: كَفَّ عَنْهُ كِلَابَهُ (tropical:) He left reviling him, and injuring or annoying him: [lit., restrained from him his dogs]. (A.) See also كَلَبٌ. b4: الكِلَابُ على البَقَر ِ, (S, K,) the first word being in the nom. case as an inchoative, (TA,) and الكِلَابَ, (S, K,) put in the acc. case as governed by a verb understood, (TA,) or الكِرَابُ and الكِرَابَ; (Kh, S, art. كرب, K;) of which readings, that of الكلاب is the one generally adopted; (TA;) or they are two distinct proverbs, each having its proper meaning; (Meyd;) the former signifying, [if we read الكِلَابَ,] Send the dogs against the wild oxen: i. e., leave a man and his art: (S, K:) [but accord. to MF, this is the meaning if we read كراب; but if we read كلاب, the signification is, as explained above, “ Send the dogs &c., ” and the proverb is applied on the occasion of instigating one set of people against another set, without caring for what may happen to them:] or it alludes to a man's having little care or solicitude for the state, or case, or affair, of his companion. (A 'Obeyd.) If we read الكلابُ, the meaning is The dogs are upon, or against, the wild oxen: and in like manner, if we read الكرابُ, the meaning is “ The turning over of the soil is the work of the oxen: ” if الكرابَ, “ Leave the turning over of the soil to the oxen. ” (MF, from expositions of the Fs.) b5: [كَلْبٌ كَلِبٌ seems also to signify A fierce, or furious, dog. See عَقَنْبَاةٌ.] b6: كَلْبُ البَرِّ The dog of the desert; i. e. the wolf. (K, voce ذِئْب.) b7: كَلْبٌ is also especially applied to A lion. (K, TA.) b8: The first increase of water in a valley. (Nh, K.) b9: A piece of iron at the head of the pivot, or axis, of a mill. (K.) b10: A piece of wood by which a wall is propped, or supported. (K.) b11: A certain fish (K) in the form of a dog. (TA.) [كَلْبُ البَحْرِ and الكَلْبُ البَحْرِىُّ are appellations now applied to The shark.]

A2: كَلْبٌ A strap, or thong, cut from an untanned skin, and ↓ مُكَلَّبٌ is A man bound with a كَلْب, i. e., with a strap, or thong, cut from an untanned skin. (TA.) A3: The extremity of a hill of the kind called أَكَمَة. (K.) A4: كَلْبٌ (and ↓ كُلَّابٌ, TA,) The nail that is in the hilt of a sword, (S, K,) in which is [fixed] the ذُؤَابَة [or cord or other ligature by which the hilt is occasionally attached to the guard]: (S:) or a nail in the hilt of a sword, with which is another [nail] called العَجُوزُ: (L:) and (so accord. to the K: but accord. to the TA, the [cord or ligature, itself, which is called the] ذؤابة, of a sword. (K.) A5: كَلْبٌ A strap, thong, or strip of leather, (or a red أَحْمَر [probably a mistake for آخَر, another] strap, &c., K,) which is put between the two edges of a skin (S, K) when it is sewed. (S.) A6: كَلْبُ الفَرَسِ The line, or streak, that is in the middle of the horse's back. (S, K.) b2: إِسْتَوَى

عَلَى كَلْبِ فَرَسِهِ He sat firmly upon the line, or streak, in the middle of his horse's back. (S.) b3: كَلْبٌ (S, K) and ↓ كَلَّابٌ (K) An iron at the edge of a camel's saddle of the kind called رَحْل: (K:) a bent, or crooked, or hooked, iron, by which the traveller hangs, from the saddle (رحل), his travelling-provisions (S,) and his أَدَاوِى. (TA.) See also فَهْدٌ. b4: كَلْبٌ Anything with which a thing is made firm, or fast, or is bound: syn. كُلُّمَا وُثِّقَ بِهِ شَىْءٌ, (as in some copies of the K,) or أُوثِقَ (as in others): so called because it holds fast a thing like a dog. (TA.) b5: كَلْبٌ i. q. شَعِيرَةٌ [app. meaning the شعيرة of the handle of a knife &c.]. (S.) b6: لِسَانُ الكَلْبِ A certain plant; (K;) [cynoglossum, or dog's tongue]. b7: كَفُّ الكَلْبِ A certain spreading herb, (K,) which grows in the plain low tracts of Nejd; thus called when it has dried, in which case it is likened to the paw of a dog; but while it continues green, it is called كفت. (TA.) b8: أُمُّ كَلْبٍ A certain small thorny tree, (K,) which grows in rugged ground, and upon the mountains, having yellow leaves, and rough; when it is put in motion, it diffuses a most fetid and foul smell: so called because of its thorns, or because it stinks like a dog when rain falls upon him. (TA.) A7: أُمُّ كَلْبَةَ Fever. (K.) So called because it keeps to a man with much tenacity, like a dog. (TA.) b2: لَقِيتُ مِنْهُ اسْتَ الكَلْبَةِ, a prov.: see اِسْتٌ in art. سته.

A8: الكَلْبُ الأَكْبَرُ The constellation of Canis Major: and its principal star, Sirius. (El-Kazweenee &c.) b2: الكَلْبُ الأَصْغَرُ, also called الكلب المُتَقَدِّمُ, The constellation of Canis Minor: and its principal star, Procyon. (El-Kazweenee &c.) b3: الكَلْبُ [or كَلْبُ الرَّاعِى] A certain star, over against الدَّلْوُ (q. v.), [which is] below; in the path of which is a red star, called الرَّاعِى: (TA:) كلب الراعى is a name given to a star between the feet, or legs, of Cepheus; and الرعى, to that which is upon his left foot, or leg; (El-Kazweenee;) [app., from their longitudes, the same two stars to which the above quotation from the TA relates: but the same two names are also given to two other stars.] b4: كلب الرعى is [likewise] a name given to The star which is on, or in, the head of Hercules; [for الحاوى, an evident mistake in my MS. of El-Kazweenee, I read الجَاثِى;] that in the head of Ophiuchus (الحَوَّاءُ) being called الراعى. (El-Kazweenee.) b5: [الكَلْبَانِ, accord. to Freytag, A name of the two stars υ and κ which belong to Taurus: but accord. to my MS. of El-Kazweenee, the two stars that are near together on the ears of Taurus are called الكُلْيَتَانِ.] b6: كِلَابُ الشِّتَاءِ The stars, or asterisms, of the beginning of winter; namely, الذِّرَاعُ and المَّثْرَةُ and الطَّرْفُ and الجَبْهَةُ [the 7th, 8th, 9th, and 10th, of the Mansions of the Moon: so called because they set aurorally in the winter: the first so set, about the period of the commencement of the era of the Flight, in central Arabia, on the 3rd of January: see مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل]. (TA.) كَلَبٌ (S, K) and ↓ كُلَابٌ (Lth) Madness which affects a dog in consequence of eating human flesh. (K.) b2: Also, Madness like that of dogs, which affects a man in consequence of his having been bitten by a [mad] dog: (K:) [a disorder] resembling madness, or diobolical possession: (S:) a disease that befalls a man from the bite of a mad dog, occasioning what resembles madness, or diabolical possession, so that whomsoever he bites, that person also becomes in like manner affected, abstaining from drinking water until he dies of thirst: the Arabs concur in the assertion that its cure is a drop of the blood of a king, mixed with water, and given to the patient to drink. (TA.) Accord. to El-Mufaddal, it originates from a disease which befalls the standing corn &c., and which is not removed until the sun rises upon it: if cattle eat of it before that, they die: wherefore Mohammad forbade pasturing by night: but sometimes a camel runs away, and eats of such pasture before sunrise, and dies in consequence: then a dog comes, and eats of its flesh, and becomes mad; and if it bite a man, he also becomes mad, and when he hears the barking of a dog, answers it [by barking]. (TA.) b3: دِمَاءُ المُلُوكِ أَشْفَى مِنَ الكَلَبِ [The blood of kings has cured of canine madness]: or, accord. to another reading, دِمَاءُ المُلُوكِ شِفَاءُ الكَلَبِ [The blood of kings is the cure for canine madness]. A proverb, explained by what is quoted from Lh, voce كَلِبٌ. But some reject this explanation, and assert the meaning to be, that, when a man is enraged [by desire of obtaining revenge], and takes his blood revenge, the blood is the cure of his rage, though not really drunk. (TA.) See also كَلِبٌ and كَلِبَ. b4: [Also كَلَبٌ A madness like that of the dog, affecting camels. (See 4.)]

b5: كَلَبٌ and ↓ كُلْبَةٌ (tropical:) Vehemence; severity; pressure; affliction: (K, TA:) severity, or intenseness of cold &c.; like جُلْبَةُ: (S:) severity and sharpness of winter: (K, for the former word; and TA, for the latter) also the latter, accord. to the TA, [and the former also, as appears from its verb,] severity, or pressure, of him or fortune, and of everything: (TA:) and the latter, straitness, or difficulty, (K,) of life: (TA:) and drought: (K:) or distress arising from drought or from government &c. (AHn.) b6: دَفَعْتُ عَنْكَ كَلَبَ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) I have averted from thee the evil, or mischief, and injurious conduct, of such a one. (S.) See also كَلْبٌ.

كَلِبٌ A dog or man affected with the disease called كَلَبٌ: (S, TA:) b2: A dog accustomed to eating human flesh, and in consequence seized with what resembles madness, or diabolical possession, so that when it wounds a man, he also becomes in like manner affected (Lth. S) by the disease called كُلَابٌ, barking like a dog, reading his clothes upon himself. wounding others, and at last dying of thirst, refusing to drink. (Lth.) b3: A man thus affected is termed كَلِبٌ and ↓ كَلِيبٌ: pl. of the former كَلِبُونَ, and of the latter (or of the former accord. to the S) كَلْبَى. (TA.) When a man thus affected bites another, they come to a man of noble rank, and he drops for them some blood from his finger, which they give to drink to the patient, and he becomes cured. (Lh.) See also كَلَبٌ and كَلِبَ. b4: كَلِبٌ A dog habituated to eating men. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) An importunate beggar. (A.) b6: دَهْرٌ كَلِبٌ (tropical:) Fortune that presses severely and injuriously upon its subjects. (TA.) b7: كَلِبٌ A tree of which the leaves are rough, in consequence of its not having sufficient watering, without losing their moisture, so that they catch to the garments of those who pass by, thus annoying them like a dog. (ADk.) كَلْبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A thorny tree, destitute of branches: (K:) so called because it catches to [the garments of] those who pass by it, like a dog: (TA:) a rugged tree, with branches standing out apart, and tough thorns. (TA.) b2: A small thorny plant, of the kind called شِرْس, resembling the شكاعا [or شُكَاعَى, or شُكَاعَة], of the description termed ذُكُور: (TA:) or a certain thorny tree, (K,) of the kind called عِضَاه, having [what is termed]

جراء; (TA;) as also ↓ كَلِبَةٌ. (K.) A2: كَلْبَتاَنِ The implement with which the blacksmith takes hold of hot iron; [his forceps]. (S, K.) b2: حَدِيدَةٌ ذَاتُ كَلْبَتَيْنِ [An iron with two curved ends, forming a forceps]. You also say حَدِيدَتَانِ ذَوَاتَا كلبتين, and حَدَائِدُ ذَوَاتُ كلبتين. (TA.) كُلْبَةٌ The shop of a vintner. (AHn, K.) A2: The hairs that grow upon each side of the fore part of the nose and mouth of a dog or cat: (Z, K:) wrongly explained as signifying the nails of a dog. (Z.) A3: A thong, or a strand (طَاقَة) of the fibres of the palm-tree (لِيف), with which skins and the like are sewed: (K, TA:) [see إِقْتَفَأَ:] or a thong, or [so in the O and in the TA, art. قفأ; but here, in the latter, instead of “ or, ” “ behind, ” which is evidently a mistake;] a strand (طَاقَة) of the fibres of the palm-tree, used in the same manner as the shoe-maker's awl that has, at its head, a perforation ثَقْبٌ [so in the O, in the TA حجر a strange mistranscription: what is meant is doubtless an eye, like that of a needle, and it is by means of an implement with an eye at the end that the operation here described is commonly performed in the present day:] the thong, or the thread, or string, is inserted into the كلبة, which is doubled: thus it enters the place [or hole] of the sewing, and the sewer introduces his hand into the إِدَاوَة [q.v., i. e., the vessel upon which he is employed in working], and stretches the thong of leather, or the thread, or string, (O, L, TA,) in the كلبة. (L, TA.) [See كَلَبَ.]

أَرْضٌ كَلِبَةٌ (tropical:) Land which has not sufficient watering, and of which the plants, in consequence, become dry: (S:) or rugged land, and such as is termed قُفّ, in which there are neither trees nor herbage, and which is not a mountain. (Aboo-Kheyreh.) b2: أَرْضٌ كَلِبَةُ الشَّجَرِ Land upon which the rain called الرَّبِيع does not fall: (TA:) or rugged, dry, land, upon which that rain does not fall, and which does not become soft. (ADk.) b3: See كَلْبَةٌ.

كَلَابٌ [perhaps inf. n. of كُلِبَ] The departure of reason by the kind of madness termed كَلَب. (K.) كُلَابٌ: see كَلَبٌ.

كَلِيبٌ: see كَلْبٌ and كَلِبٌ. b2: Respecting this word in the following verse of TaäbbataSharran, إِذَا الحَرْبُ أَوْلَتْكَ الكَلِيبَ فَوَلِّهَا كَلِيبَكَ وَاعْلَمْ أَنَّهَا سَوْفَ تَنْجَلِى

[When war sets over thee &c.] there are two opinions: one, that by كليب is meant مُكَالِب (see 2): the other, that it is an inf. n. of كَلِبَتِ الحَرْبُ [“ The war became vehement, severe, or fierce ”]: the former is the more valid. (IM.) كَلَّابٌ: see كَلْبٌ and مُكَلِّبٌ.

كُلَّابٌ (S, K) and ↓ كَلُّوبٌ (K) A spur; (S, K;) the iron instrument that is in the boot of him who breaks in a horse. (S.) b2: كُلَّابٌ and ↓ كَلُّوبٌ (and ↓ كُلُّوبٌ, MF, art. سبح q. v.,) [A flesh-hook;] an iron implement with which meat is taken out of the cooking-pot: pl. كَلَالِيبُ: (S:) an iron flesh-hook, with prongs: (R, which gives this as the explanation of the latter word:) a hooked iron; like خُطَّاف: (Fr. &c.) a piece of wood at the head of which is a hook, ('Eyn,) of the same or of iron: (T:) an iron instrument for roasting flesh-meat: syn. سَفُّود. (Lh.) See كَلْبٌ. b3: كَلَالِيبُ (tropical:) The talons of a falcon: (K:) pl. of كَلُّوبٌ. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) The thorns of a tree. (K.) كُلُّوبٌ and كَلُّوبٌ: see كُلَّابٌ.

كَلْتَبَانٌ A pimp: from كَلِبَ, q. v., (As, IAar, K) Sb, however, does not mention the measure فَعْتَلَانٌ. ISd thinks it most probable that كَلِبَ is a triliteral-radical, and كلتبان a quadriliteralradical [or rather a quasi-quadriliteral-radical], like زَرِمَ and إِزْرَأَمّ &c. (L.) See also قَرْطَبَانٌ and قَلْتَبَانٌ, and art. كلتب.

كَالِبٌ: see كَلْبٌ, and مُكَلِّبٌ.

تِكِلَّابَةٌ A clamourous, very noisy, very garrulous, woman, of evil disposition. (TA, voce جَلَّابَة.) مُكَلَّبٌ A dog trained and accustomed to hunt. (L.) See the verb.

A2: A captive, or prisoner, (S,) having the feet shackled, or bound; (S, K;) i. q. مُكَبَّلٌ, from which it is formed by transposition, (S,) accord. to some. (TA.) مُكَلِّبٌ One who trains dogs to hunt; (S, K;) as also ↓ كَلَّابٌ: and sometimes signifying one who trains the فَهْد, and birds of prey, to take game: see Kur v. 6: one who possesses dogs trained to hunt, and hunts with them; (L;) as also ↓ كَالِبٌ, pl. كُلَّابٌ: (R:) or كَالِبٌ and كَلَّابٌ (S, L, K) signify an owner, or a possessor, of dogs; (L, K;) the former being similar to تَامِرٌ &c. (S.) مُتَكَالِبٌ an appellation given by the people of El-Yemen to (tropical:) A deputy, or an agent; because of his acting injuriously, or contentiously, towards them over whom he is appointed as such. (TA.)

سوق

سوق

1 سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ, (S, K,) or النَّعَمَ, (Mgh,) or الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb,) aor. ـُ (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْقٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and سِيَاقٌ, (S, [so in both of my copies, but it is said in the JK that this latter is used in relation to death, and such is generally the case,]) or سَيَاقٌ, like سَحَابٌ, (TA, [but this I have not found elsewhere, and I doubt its correctness,]) and سِيَاقَةٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (O, K, TA,) He drove the cattle [or the beast]; he urged the cattle [or the beast] to go; (Mgh;) and ↓ استاقها signifies the same, (S, K,) as also ↓ اساقها, and ↓ سوّقها; (TA;) or تَسْوِيقٌ, the inf. n. [or this last], signifies the driving well: (KL:) [and accord. to Freytag, ↓ استساق, followed by an accus., signifies the same as سَاقَ as expl. above; but for this he names no authority.] Hence, in the Kur [lxxv. 30], إِلَى رَبِّكَ يَوْمَئِذٍ المَسَاقُ (TA) i. e. To thy Lord, and his judgment, on that day, shall be the driving. (Bd, Jel.) And the saying, in a trad., لَاتَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ حَتَّى يَخْرُجَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قَحْطَانَ يَسُوقُ النَّاسَ بِعَصًاهُ [properly rendered The resurrection, or the hour thereof, shall not come to pass until a man come forth from the tribe of Kahtán driving the people with his staff], allusive to his having the mastery over them, and their obeying him; the staff being mentioned only to indicate his tyrannical and rough treatment of them. (TA.) [And hence the saying, ساق عَلَىَّ فُلَانًا (assumed tropical:) He urged such a one to intercede for him with me.] b2: [Hence also,] سَاقَهُ القَدَرُ إِلَى مَا قُدِّرَ لَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Destiny drove him, or impelled him, to that which was destined for him]. (TA.) [And in like manner one says of desire, &c.] b3: And ساق إِلَى

المَرْأَةِ مَهْرَهَا, (K,) or صَدَاقَهَا, (S, Msb,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اساقهُ; (Msb, K;) (tropical:) He sent to the woman her dowry; (K, TA;) or conveyed it, or caused it to be conveyed, to her; (Msb;) though consisting of dirhems or deenárs; because the dowry, with the Arabs, originally consisted of camels, which are driven. (TA.) And hence, مَاسُقْتَ إِلَيْهَا, meaning (assumed tropical:) What didst thou give her as her dowry? occurring in a trad.; or, as some related it, مَا سُقْتَ مِنْهَا, i. e. What didst thou give for her, or in exchange for her? (TA.) and ساق إِلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ (assumed tropical:) [He made, or caused, the thing to go, pass, or be conveyed or transmitted, to him; he sent to him the thing]. (M and K in art. اتى.) And ساق إِلَيْهِ خَيْرًا (tropical:) [He caused good, or good fortune, to betide him]. (TA.) and ساق لِأَرْضِهِ أَتِيًّا (assumed tropical:) [He made a rivulet, or a channel for water, to run to his land], (M in art. اتى.) b4: [Hence likewise,] سَاقَتِ الرِّيحُ السَّحَابَ (tropical:) [The wind drove along the clouds]. (S, * TA.) b5: [And ساق الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. سِيَاقٌ and سَوْقٌ and مَسَاقٌ, (tropical:) He carried on the narrative, or discourse.] You say, فُلَانٌ يَسُوقُ الحَدِيثَ أَحْسَنَ سِيَاقٍ (tropical:) [Such a one carries on the narrative, or discourse, in the best manner of doing so]. (Mgh, TA.) and إِلَيْكَ يُسَاقُ الحَدِيثُ (tropical:) [To thee as its object the narrative, or discourse, is carried on]. (TA.) And كَلَامٌ مَسَاقُهُ إِلَى كَذَا (tropical:) [Speech whereof the carrying-on is pointed to such a thing]. (TA.) And جِئْتُكَ بِالحَدِيثِ عَلَى سَوْقِهِ (tropical:) [I uttered to thee the narrative, or discourse, after the proper manner of the carrying-on thereof]. (TA.) [In like manner also one says,] ساق الأُمُورَ أَحْسَنَ مَسَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) [He carried on, or prosecuted, affairs, or the affairs, in the best manner of doing so]. (A in art. حوذ.) b6: سَوْقُ المَعْلُومِ مَسَاقَ غَيْرِهِ [from ساق الحَدِيثَ expl. above] means (assumed tropical:) The asking respecting that which one knows in the manner of one's asking respecting that which he knows not: a mode of speech implying hyperbole: as when one says, أَوَجْهُكَ هٰذَا أَمْ بَدْرٌ [Is this thy face or a full moon?]. (Kull p. 211.) b7: ساق said of a sick man, (K,) and ساق نَفْسَهُ, [app. thus originally,] (Ks, Msb, TA,) and ساق بِنَفْسِهِ, (TA,) aor. ـُ (Ks, S, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. سِيَاقٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) originally سِوَاقٌ, (TA,) and سَوْقٌ (O, K) and سُؤُوقٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He cast forth, or vomited, his soul; (Ks, TA;) he gave up his spirit; or was at the point of death, in the agony of death, or at the point of having his soul drawn forth; (S, O, Msb, TA;) or he began to give up his spirit, or to have his soul drawn forth. (K.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا يَسُوقُ (tropical:) I saw such a one giving up his spirit at death. (S, O, TA.) And رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا بِالسَّوْقِ [or فِى السِّيَاقِ, as in the Msb,] (tropical:) I saw such a one in the act [or agony] of death; and يُسَاقُ [having his soul expelled], inf. n. سَوْقٌ: and إِنَّ نَفْسَهُ لَتُسَاقُ (tropical:) [Verily his soul is being expelled]. (ISh, TA.) A2: سَاقَهُ, (K,) first Pers\. سُقْتُهُ, (S,) aor. as above, inf. n. سَوْقٌ, (TA,) also signifies He hit, or hurt, his (another man's, S) سَاق [or shank]. (S, K.) 2 سوّق, inf. n. تَسْوِيقٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: سوّق فُلَانًا أَمْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) He made such a one to have the ruling, or ordering, of his affair, or case. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b3: See also 5.

A2: Said of a plant, (TA,) or of a tree, (K,) more properly of the former, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) It had a سَاق [i. e. stem, stock, or trunk]. (K, TA.) 3 ساوقهُ He vied, or competed, with him, in driving: (K: [in the CK, for فى السَّوْقِ, is put فى السُّوْقِ:]) or he vied, or competed, with him to decide which of them twain was the stronger; from the phrase قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ. (S.) [Hence,] one says بَعِيرٌ يُسَاوِقُ الصَّيْدَ (tropical:) [A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength]. (JK, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) b2: مُسَاوَقَةٌ is also syn. with مُتَابَعَةٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) The making to be consecutive, or successive, for it is added], as though driving on one another, or as though one portion were driving on another. (TA. [See 6, its quasi-pass.].) b3: [Freytag also assigns to ساوق the meaning of He, or it, followed (secutus fuit), as on the authority of the Hamáseh; but without pointing out the page; and it is not in his index of words explained therein.]4 أَسْوَقَ see 1, in two places. b2: أَسَقْتُهُ إِبِلًا I made him to drive camels: (K:) or I gave to him camels, to drive them: (S, TA:) or (tropical:) I made him to posses camels. (TA.) 5 تسوّق القَوْمُ The people, or party, [trafficked in the سُوق, or market; or] sold and bought: (S, TA:) the vulgar say ↓ سَوَّقُوا. (TA.) 6 تساوقت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels followed one another; (Az, O, Msb, K, TA;) and in like manner one says تَقَاوَدَت; (O, K, * TA;) as though, by reason of their weakness and leanness, some of them held back from others. (TA.) and تساوقت الغَنَمُ (tropical:) The sheep, or goats, pressed, one upon another, (K,) or followed one another, (O,) in going along, (O, K,) as though driving on one another. (O.) [See also 7.] b2: The lawyers say, تساوقت الخِطْبَتَانِ, meaning (tropical:) [The two demandings of a woman in marriage] were simultaneous: but [Fei says] I have not found it in the books of lexicology in this sense. (Msb.) 7 انساقت المَاشِيَةُ The cattle went, or went along, being driven; [or as though driven; or drove along;] quasi-pass. of سَاقَهَا. (S, TA.) and انساقت الإِبِلُ [has the like signification: or means] (assumed tropical:) The camels became consecutive. (TA. [See also 6.]) 8 إِسْتَوَقَ see 1, first sentence.10 إِسْتَسْوَقَ see 1, first sentence.

سَاقٌ The shank; i. e. the part between the knee and the foot of a human being; (Msb;) or the part between the ankle and the knee (K, TA) of a human being; (TA;) the ساق of the human foot: (S, TA:) and [the part properly corresponding thereto, i. e. the thigh commonly so called, and also the arm, of a beast;] the part above the وَظِيف of the horse and mule and ass and camel, and the part above the كُرَاع of the ox-kind and sheep or goat and antelope: (TA:) [it is also sometimes applied to the shank commonly so called, of the hind leg, and, less properly, of the fore leg, of a beast: and to the bone of any of the parts above mentioned: and sometimes, by synecdoche, to the hind leg, and, less properly, to the fore leg also, of a beast: it generally corresponds to ذِرَاعٌ: of a bird, it is the thigh commonly so called: and sometimes the shank commonly so called: and, by synecdoche, the leg:] it is of the fem. gender: (Msb, TA:) and for this reason, (TA,) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ: (Msb, TA:) the pl. [of mult.] is سُوقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and سِيقَانٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْؤُقٌ, (S, O, K,) the و in this last being with ء in order that it may bear the dammeh. (O, K.) A poet says, لِلْفَتَى عَقْلٌ يَعِيشُ بِهِ حَيْثُ تَهْدِى سَاقَهُ قَدَمُهْ meaning The young man has intelligence whereby he lives when his foot directs aright his shank. (IAar, TA.) And one says of a man when difficulty, or calamity, befalls him, كَشَفَ عَنْ سَاقِهِ [lit. He uncovered his shank; meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for difficulty]: so says IAmb: and hence, he says, (TA, [in which a similar explanation is cited from ISd also,]) they mention the ساق when they mean to express the difficulty of a case or an event, and to tell of the terror occasioned thereby. (K, TA.) Thus, the saying يَوْمَ يُكْشَفُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, (S, K, TA,) in the Kur [lxviii. 42], (S, TA,) [lit. On a day when a shank shall be uncovered,] means (assumed tropical:) on a day when difficulty, or calamity, shall be disclosed. (I'Ab, Mujáhid, S, K, TA.) It is like the saying, قَامَتِ الحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (S, TA,) which means (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement, (Msb in this art. and in art. حرب,) so that safety from destruction was difficult of attainment: (Id. in art. حرب:) and كَشَفَتِ الحَرْبُ عَنْ سَاقٍ, [as also شَمَّرَتْ عَنْ سَاقِهَا,] i. e. (assumed tropical:) The war, or battle, became vehement. (Jel in lxviii. 42.) And in like manner, وَالْتَفَّتِ السَّاقُ بِالسَّاقِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [lxxv. 29], (TA,) means (assumed tropical:) And the affliction of the present state of existence shall be combined with that of the final state: (K, TA:) or it means when the [one] leg shall be inwrapped with the other leg by means of the grave-clothes. (TA.) One says also, قَامَ القَوْمُ عَلَى سَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) The people or party, became in a state of toil, and trouble, or distress. (TA.) And قَرَعَ لِلْأَمْرِ سَاقَهُ, [originating from one's striking the shin of his camel in order to make him lie down to be mounted; lit. He struck his shank for the affair;] meaning (assumed tropical:) he prepared himself for the thing, or affair; syn. تَشَمَّرَ: (JK:) or he was, or became, light, or active, and he rose, or hastened, to do the thing; or (assumed tropical:) he applied himself vigorously, or diligently, or with energy, to the thing, or affair; i. q. شَمَّرَ لَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) or تَجَرَّدَ لَهُ. (A and TA in art. قرع [q. v.: see also ظُنْبُوبٌ, in several places].) [It is also said that] أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقٍ means كِدْتُ

أَفْعَلُ [i. e. I nearly, or almost, did what I purposed: but this explanation seems to have been derived only from what here, as in the TA, immediately follows]: Kurt says, describing the wolf, وَلٰكِنِّى رَمَيْتُكَ مِنْ بَعِيدٍ

فَلَمْ أَفْعَلْ وَقَدْ أَوْهَتْ بِسَاقِ [i. e., app., But I shot at thee from afar, and I did not what I purposed, though it (the shot, الرَّمْيَةُ, I suppose, being meant to be understood,) maimed a shank: which virtually means, though I nearly did what I purposed: the poet, I assume, says اوهت بساق for the sake of the measure and rhyme, for أَوْهَتْ سَاقًا: see what is said, in the explanations of the preposition بِ, respecting the phrase وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُسِكُمْ]. (TA.) b2: By a secondary application, سَاقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) [A greave; i. e.] a thing that is worn on the ساق [or shank] of the leg, made of iron or other material. (Mgh.) b3: Also (tropical:) [The stem, stock, or trunk, i. e.] the part between the أَصْل [here meaning root, or foot, (though it is also syn. with ساق in the sense in which the latter is here explained,)] and the place where the branches shoot out; (TA;) or the support; (Msb;) or the جِذْع; (S, K;) of a tree, or shrub: (S, Msb, K, TA:) pl. [of mult.]

سُوقٌ (Msb, TA) and سُوقٌ and سُوُوقٌ and سُؤُوقٌ and [of pauc.] أَسْوُقٌ and أَسْؤُقٌ. (TA.) It is related in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, that a man said, I applied to him to decide in a litigation with the son of my brother, and began to overcome him therein; whereupon he said, Thou art like as Aboo-Duwád says, أَنَّى أُتِيحَ لَهُ حِرْبَآءُ تَنْضُبَةٍ

لَا يُرْسِلُ السَّاقَ إِلَّا مُمْسِكًا سَاقَا [Whencesoever, or however, a preparation is made for him, to catch him, he is like a chameleon of a tree of the kind called تَنْضُب, he will not loose the stem thereof unless grasping a stem]: he meant that no plea of his came to nought but he clung to another; likening him to the chameleon, which places itself facing the sun, and ascends half-way up the tree, or shrub, then climbs to the branches when the sun becomes hot, then climbs to a higher branch, and will not loose the former until it grasps the other. (O, TA. *) b4: [Hence, perhaps, as it seems to be indicated in the O,] one says, وَلَدَتْ فُلَانَةُ ثَلَاثَةَ بَنِينَ عَلَى سَاقٍ, (K, [in the copies of which, however, I find ثَلَاثَ put for ثَلَاثَةَ,]) or عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ, (S,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (O,) i. e. (tropical:) Such a woman brought forth three sons, one after another, without any girl between them: (S, O, K, TA:) so says ISk: and وُلِدَ لِفُلَانٍ ثَلَاثَةُ

أَوْلَادٍ سَاقًا عَلَى سَاقٍ, i. e. (tropical:) Three children were born to such a one, one after another. (TA.) and بَنَى القَوْمُ بُيُوتَهُمْ عَلَى سَاقٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, built their houses, or constructed their tents, in one row or series]. (TA.) b5: سَاقٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The soul, or self; syn. نَفْسٌ: hence the saying of 'Alee (in the war of the [schismatics called] شُرَاة), لَابُدَّ لِى مِنْ قِتَالِهِمْ وَلَوْ تَلِفَتْ سَاقِى (assumed tropical:) [There is not for me any way of avoiding combating them, though my soul, or self, should perish by my doing so]. (Abu-l-' Abbás, O, TA.) So too in the saying, قَدَحَ فِى سَاقِهِ [as though meaning (tropical:) He cankered his very soul]: (IAar, TA in art. قدح:) [or] he deceived him, and did that which was displeasing to him: (L in that art.:) or (tropical:) he impugned his honour, or reputation; from the action of canker-worms (قَوَادِح) cankering the stem, or trunk, of a shrub, or tree. (A in that art.) A2: سَاقُ حُرٍّ [is said to signify] The male of the قَمَارِىّ [or species of collared turtle-doves of which the female is called قُمْرِيَّةٌ (see قُمْرِىٌّ)]; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. the وَرَشَان: (S, Msb:) the former appellation being given to it as imitative of its cry: (As, K:) it has neither fem. nor pl.: (AHát, TA:) or السَّاقُ is the pigeon; and الحُرُّ, its young one: (Sh, K:) the poet Ibn-Harmeh uses the phrase كَسَاقِ ابْنِ حُرٍّ. (O, TA.) [See more in art. حر.]

سَوْقٌ: see سِيَاقٌ.

سُوقٌ [A market, mart, or fair;] a place in which commerce is carried on; (ISd, Msb, TA;) a place of articles of merchandise: (Mgh, TA:) so called because people drive their commodities thither: (TA:) [in the S unexplained, and in the K only said to be well-known:] of the fem. gender, and masc., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) the former in the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, and the latter in that of Temeem, (S and Msb voce زُقَاقٌ, q. v.,) the former the more chaste, or the making it masc. is a mistake: (Msb:) pl. أَسْوَاقٌ: (TA:) the dim. is ↓ سُوَيْقَةٌ [with ة, confirming the opinion of those who hold سُوقٌ to be only fem.]: also signifying merchandise, syn. تِجَارَةٌ; as in the phrase, جَاءَتْ سُوَيْقَةٌ [Merchandise came]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سُوقُ الحَرْبِ (tropical:) The thickest, or most vehement part (حَوْمَة) of the fight; (S, K, TA;) and so الحَرْبِ ↓ سُوقَةُ; i. e. the midst thereof. (TA.) سَوَقٌ Length of the shanks: (S, K:) or beauty thereof: (K:) or it signifies also beauty of the shank. (S.) سَاقَةٌ (tropical:) The rear, or hinder part, of an army: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) pl. of ↓ سَائِقٌ; being those who drive on the army from behind them, and who guard them: (TA:) or as though pl. of سَائِقٌ, like as قَادَةٌ is of قَائِدٌ. (Mgh.) And hence, سَاقَةُ الحَاجِّ (tropical:) [The rear of the company of pilgrims]. (TA.) سُوقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A subject, and the subjects, of a king; (K, TA;) so called because driven by him; (TA;) contr. of مَلِكٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb;) whether practising traffic or not: (Mgh:) not meaning of the people of the أَسْوَاق [or markets], as the vulgar think; (Msb;) for such are called سُوقِيُّونَ, sing.

سُوقِىٌّ: (Ham p. 534:) it is used alike as sing. and pl. (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and dual (Mgh, Msb) and masc. and fem.: (S, K:) but sometimes it has سُوَقٌ for its pl. (S, K.) A2: سُوقَةُ الطُّرْثُوثِ [in the CK, erroneously, التُّرْثُوثِ] The part of the [plant called] طرثوث that is below the نِكْعَة [or نَكَعَة or نُكَعَة, which is the head from the top to the extent of a finger, or the flower at the head thereof]; (O, K;) sweet and pleasant: so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) AHn says [of the طرثوث], it is like the penis of the ass, and there is no part of it more pleasant, nor sweeter, than its سوقة; which is in some instances long; and in some, short. (TA.) A3: See also سُوقٌ, last sentence.

سُوقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the سُوق, or market]. Its pl., سُوقِيُّونَ, means The people of the سُوق (Ham p. 534.) b2: [Hence,] أَدِيمٌ سُوقِىٌّ A skin, or hide, prepared, or dressed; in a good state: or not prepared or dressed: it is ascribed to the vulgar: and there is a difference of opinion respecting it: the second [explanation, or meaning,] is that which is commonly known. (TA.) سَوِيقٌ Meal of parched barley (شَعِير), or of [the species thereof, or similar grain, called] سُلْت, likewise parched; and it is also of wheat; but is mostly made of barley (شعير); (MF, TA;) what is made of wheat or of barley; (Msb, TA;) well known: (S, Msb, K, TA:) [it is generally made into a kind of gruel, or thick ptisan, being moistened with water, or clarified butter, or fat of a sheep's tail, &c.; (see لَتَّ;) and is therefore said (in the Msb in art. حسو and in the KT voce أَكْلٌ, &c.,) to be supped, or sipped, not eaten: but it is likewise thus called when dry; and in this state is taken in the palm of the hand and conveyed to the mouth, or licked up: (see حَافّق, and قَمِحَ:) it is also made of other grains beside those mentioned above; and of several mealy fruits; of the fruit of the Theban palm; (see حَتِىٌّ;) and of the carob; (see خَرُّوبٌ;) &c.:] it is also, sometimes, with ص: so says IDrd in the JM: and he adds, I think it to be of the dial. of Benoo-Temeem: it is peculiar to that of Benul-' Ambar: (O, TA:) the n. un. [meaning a portion, or mess, thereof] is with ة: (AAF, TA in art. جش:) and the pl. is أَسْوِقَةٌ. (TA.) b2: and Wine: (AA, K:) also called سَوِيقُ الكَرْمِ. (AA, TA.) سِيَاقٌ [an inf. n. of 1 (q. v.) in several senses. b2: As a subst., properly so termed,] (tropical:) A dowry, or nuptial gift; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْقٌ [which is likewise originally an inf. n.: see 1]. (TA.) b3: [Also, as a subst. properly so termed, (assumed tropical:) The following part of a discourse &c.; opposed to سِبَاقٌ: you say سِبَاقُ الكَلَامِ وَسِيَاقُهُ (assumed tropical:) the preceding and following parts of the discourse; the context, before and after: see, again 1. And (assumed tropical:) The drift, thread, tenour, or scope, of a discourse &c.]

سُوَيْقَةٌ dim. of سَاقٌ, q. v.: (Msb, TA:) A2: and of سُوقٌ, also, q. v. (TA.) سَوَّاقٌ: see سَائِقٌ.

A2: Also A seller, and a maker, of سَوِيق. (Mgh.) سُوَّاقٌ Long in the سَاق [or shank]. (AA, K. [See also أَسْوَقُ.]) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Having a سَاق [or stem]; applied to a plant. (Ibn-Abbád, K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The طَلْع [or spadix] of a palm-tree, when it has come forth, and become a span in length. (K.) سَائِقٌ [Driving, or a driver;] the agent of the verb in the phrase سَاقَ المَاشِيَةَ: as also ↓ سَوَّاقٌ (S, K) in an intensive sense [as meaning Driving much or vehemently, or a vehement driver]: (S, TA:) pl. of the former سَاقَةٌ, q. v. (TA.) مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur [l. 20], is said to mean Having with it a driver to the place of congregation [for judgment] and a witness to testify against it of its works: (TA:) i. e. an angel driving it, and another angel testifying of its works: or an angel performing both of these offices: or a writer of evil deeds and a writer of good deeds: or its own person, or its consociate [devil], and its members, or its works. (Bd.) سَيِّقٌ, [originally سَيوِْقٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Clouds (سَحَابٌ, Az, As, S, K) driven by the wind, (Az, As, S,) containing no water, (Az, S, K,) or whether containing water or not. (As.) سَيِّقَةٌ, [a subst. formed from the epithet سَيِّقٌ by the affix ة,] originally سَيْوِقَةٌ, (TA,) Beasts (دَوَابّ) driven by the enemy; (S, K;) like وَسِيقَةٌ: so in a verse cited voce جَبَأَ: (S:) or a number of camels, of a tribe, driven away together, or attacked by a troop of horsemen and driven away. (Z, TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says, المَرْءُ سَيِّقَةُ القَدَرِ (assumed tropical:) [Man, or the man, is the impelled of destiny]; i. e. destiny drives him to that which is destined for him, and will not pass him by. (TA.) b3: سَيِّقَةٌ signifies also An animal by means of which [in the O بِهَا for which فِيهَا is erroneously put in the K,] the sportsman conceals himself, and then shoots, or casts, at the wild animals: (O, K:) like قَيِّدَةٌ: (A in art. قود:) said by Th to be a she-camel [used for that purpose]: (TA:) [so called because driven towards the objects of the chase: see دَرِيْئَةٌ:] pl. سَيَائِقُ. (K.) [See also مِسْوَقٌ.]

أَسْوَقُ A man (S, * TA) long in the shanks: (S, K: [see also سُوَّاقٌ:]) or thick in the shanks: (IDrd, TA:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) beautiful in the shank or shanks, (S, K,) applied to a man: and so سَوْقَآءُ applied to a woman: (S:) Lth explains the latter as meaning a woman having plump shanks, with hair. (TA.) إِسَاقَةٌ (Lth, O, K, in the CK اَسَاقة,) The strap of the horse's strirrup. (Lth, O, K.) بَعِيرٌ مِسْوَقٌ, (JK, O, and TA as from the Tekmileh,) or مُسْوِقٌ, like مُحْسِنٌ, (K, [but this I think to be a mistake,]) means الَّذِى يُسَاوقُ الصَّيْدَ [i. e. (tropical:) A camel that vies with the animals of the chase in driving on, or in strength]; (JK, O, K;) so says Ibn-' Abbád: (O:) accord. to the L, a camel by means of which one conceals himself from the animals of the chase, to circumvent them. (TA. [See also سَيِّقَةٌ, last signification.]) مِسْوَقَةٌ A staff, or stick, with which cattle are driven: pl. مَسَاوِقُ: perhaps post-classical.]

مُنْسَاقٌ i. q. تَابِعٌ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) A follower, or servant; as though driven]. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A relation; syn. قَرِيبٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And عَلَمٌ مُنْسَاقٌ (assumed tropical:) A mountain extending along the surface of the earth. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K *)

حدب

حدب

1 حَدِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. حَدَبٌ; (S, * A, Mgh, * Msb, K;) and ↓ احدبّ, and ↓ تحادب, (K,) and ↓ احدودب; (S, K;) He (a man, Msb) was, or became, humpbaked; (Mgh, Msb;) he had a prominent, or protuberant, back, and a hollow, or receding, chest (A, * K) and belly: (K:) [accord. to the Msb, from حَدَبٌ signifying “ elevated ground; ” but the reverse is indicated in the A:] and it (the back) was, or became, humped, or protuberant; (S, A; *) as also ↓ انحدب. (KL.) b2: And the first, (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) rose, or grew up or out, high: (KL:) [it was, or became, gibbous, or convex; as also ↓ احدودب.] b3: حَدِبَ عَليْهِ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. as above; (KL, TA;) and ↓ تحدّب; (S, A, K;) (tropical:) He was, or became, affectionate, favourable, or kind, to him. (S, A, * K, KL, TA.) And حَدِبَتْ عَلَى وَلَدِهَا, (K, * TA,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and ↓ تحدّبت; (K;) (tropical:) She (a woman) applied herself constantly to the care of her child, or children, after the loss of her husband, not marrying again. (K, TA.) A2: حَدَبَ عَنْهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حَدْبٌ, He repelled from him, and defended him. (MF, TA.) 2 تَحْدِيبٌ [inf. n. of حدّب] The act of elevating, or raising high, the back. (KL.) b2: [And, accord. to Golius, as on the authority of the KL, The making a thing gibbous, or convex: but this meaning which the word has in the present day, I do not find in my copy of the KL.]4 احدبهُ He (God) rendered him humpbacked. (S.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He, or it, rendered him affectionate, favourable, or kind. (KL.) 5 تَحَدَّبَ see 1, in two places. b2: تحدّب بِهِ He, or it, clung, or clave, to it. (K, TA.) 6 تَحَاْدَبَ see 1.7 إِنْحَدَبَ see 1.9 إِحْدَبَّ see 1.12 إِحْدَوْدَبَ see 1, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) It (sand) was, or became, curved, or winding; or curved, or winding, and long. (K.) حَدَبٌ (tropical:) High, or elevated, ground; so in the Kur xxi. 96; (S, A, Msb;) as also ↓ حَدَبَةٌ; and so حَدَبٌ مِنَ الأَرْضِ: (A:) or rugged and high ground: (T, K:) pl. حِدَابٌ (S) [and app., accord. to the TA, أَحْدَابٌ also, a pl. of pauc.]. and حَدَبُ الرَّمْلِ (tropical:) Sand brought by the wind, [or blown together,] and elevated. (A, TA.) and hence, as being likened to such sand, (IAar, TA,) حَدَبُ البُهْمَى (tropical:) What is scattered, and heaped up, of [the species of barley-grass called] بهمى. (IAar, K, TA.) And حَدَبُ المَآءِ (assumed tropical:) The elevated waves of water: (T, TA:) or the rolling over of water, volume over volume: (K, TA:) or the rolling of water in waves. (TA.) And حَدَبُ الغَدِيرِ (assumed tropical:) The motion and waves of the pool of water left by a torrent. (IAar, TA.) And حَدَبُ السَّيْل (tropical:) The rise, or swell, and abundance, of the torrent. (A, TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A slope in a declivity; expl. by حَدُورٌ فِى صَبَبٍ, as in the correct copies of the K, and in the L; in some copies of the K حدوب; (TA;) [in the CK حُدُورٌ;] as the حَدَب of waves (in some copies of the K, of the wind, TA, [an evident mistranscription, الريح for الموج,]) and of sand. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A mark left upon the skin; (As, K;) such as the [weal or] swelling and thickness produced by beating. (As, TA.) b4: (tropical:) The intenseness of the cold of winter. (A, K.) A2: A certain plant: or the [plant called] نَصِىّ. (K.) حَدِبٌ: see أَحْدَبُ. b2: Also (tropical:) Affectionate, favourable, or kind. (A, TA.) You say, هُوَ حَدِبٌ عَلَى أَخِيهِ (tropical:) He is affectionate, &c., to his brother. (A.) A2: أَرْضٌ حَدِبَةٌ A land abounding with the plant called حَدَب. (K.) حَذَبَةٌ A hump on the back. (Az, S, A, Mgh.) b2: See also حَدَبٌ.

حَدَابِ, like قَطَامِ, (K,) indecl., (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A year of drought, barrenness, or dearth: (K:) or a year of severe drought. (TA.) حُدَيْبَآءُ: see what next follows.

أَحْدَبُ Humpbacked; (S, Mgh, Msb;) having a prominent, or protuberant, back, and a hollow, or receding, chest and belly; (K;) and ↓ حَدِبٌ signifies the same: (Sb, S, K:) fem. of the former حَدْبَآءُ: (Msb:) and pl. حُدْبٌ. (Msb, TA.) اِبْنَةٌ

↓ حُدَيْبَآءُ (dim. of حَدْبَآءُ), meaning A little humpbacked daughter, occurs in a trad. (TA.) b2: Hence, آلَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ, (see a verse of Kaab Ibn-Zuheyr, voce آلَةٌ, in art. اول,) (assumed tropical:) A gibbous bier: (A, * TA:) or (as used in that verse) it means a distressing state, or condition: or an elevated apparatus. (TA.) And رَمْلَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (assumed tropical:) [A gibbous tract of sand]. (ISh, K in art. دبح, &c.) And نَاقَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ, (S, A,) or دَابَّةٌ حدبَآءُ, (K,) (tropical:) A she-camel, (S, A,) or a beast, (K,) the prominent parts of whose hips, (S, A, K,) and the bone of whose back, (TA,) appear, (S, A, K,) by reason of her leanness. (A, TA.) And حَدْبَآءُ حِدْبِيرٌ and حِدْبَارٌ are expressions used in the same sense: (L, TA:) pl. حُدْبٌ حَدَابِيرُ. (S, L, TA.) b3: الأَحْدَبُ is the name of A vein (عِرْق) penetrating into, or lying within, the bone (عَظْمَ [app. a mistranscription for عَظَمَة the upper portion]) of the fore-arm. (K.) b4: أَمْرٌ أَحْدَبُ (A) and خُطَّةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (A, TA) (tropical:) A difficult affair: (A, TA:) and أُمُورٌ حُدْبٌ (A, TA) and حُدْبُ الأُمُورِ (K) (tropical:) difficult affairs; (A, K, TA;) sing. حَدْبَآءُ [for خُطَّةٌ حَدْبَآءُ or the like]. (K.) And سَنَةٌ حَدْبَآءُ (tropical:) A severe, cold year. (A, TA.) [Hence,] وَسِيقٌ أَحْدَبُ (assumed tropical:) A quick driving. (TA.) b5: [Hence, also,] الأَحْدَبُ [used as a subst.] (assumed tropical:) Vehemence, severity, difficulty, or distress; syn. الشِّدَّةُ. (K.) A2: [Also (assumed tropical:) More, and most, affectionate, favourable, or kind.] أَحْدَبُهُمْ عَلَى

المُسْلِمِينَ, said of Aboo-Bekr, in a trad. of 'Alee, means (assumed tropical:) The most affectionate, favourable, or kind, of them, to the Muslims. (TA.)

شحم

شحم

1 شَحُمَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَحَامَةٌ, (MA, Msb,) He (a man, S, K) was, or became, fat; (S, MA, K;) as also شَحِمَ, aor. ـَ (TA:) or he was, or became, abundant in the fat of his person. (Msb.) And شَحُمَتْ إِبِلُهُ (K) His camels were, or became, fat. (TA.) and شُحِمَتِ النَّاقَةُ; and شَحَمَت, aor. ـُ of the classes of عُنِىَ and نَصَرَ; inf. n. شَحْمٌ and شُحُومٌ; The she-camel became fat after leanness. (TA.) b2: شَحِمَ, (S, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَحَمٌ, (TA,) He was, or became, eagerly desirous of fat. (S, K, TA.) And He ate much fat. (TA.) A2: شَحَمَهُ, (K,) or شَحَمَ أَصْحَابَهُ, (S,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَحْمٌ, (TA,) He fed him, or his companions, with fat; or gave him, or them, fat to eat. (S, K.) 4 اشحم He had much fat in his possession: like as الحم signifies “ he had much flesh in his possession. ” (TA.) شَحْمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of an animal, (Msb,) a word of well known meaning, (S, Msb, K,) Fat; (MA, KL;) the substance of fatness: (ISd, TA:) شَحْمَةٌ is a more special term, (S, Msb,) [i. e. a n. un.,] signifying a piece thereof: (K:) the pl. of the former is شُحُومٌ. (Msb, TA.) It is said of the Jews, in a trad., حَرُمَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الشُّحُومُ فَبَاعُوهَا وَأَكَلُوا أَثْمَانَهَا [Fats have been forbidden to them; but they have sold them, and have devoured the prices thereof: see Lev. vii. 23]: the fat that is forbidden to them is that of the kidneys and of the stomach and of the intestines into which the food passes from the stomach; but not that of the أَلَيْة [meaning the “ rump,” and also the “ tail of a sheep,”] nor of the back. (TA.) One says, لَقِيتُهُ بِشَحْمِ كُلَاهُ [lit. I met him, or found him, with the fat of his kidneys,] meaning, (tropical:) in his state of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (K, TA.) And of him who is deemed weak, one says, فُلَانٌ شَحْمٌ لِلْمُبْتَلِعِ (tropical:) [lit. Such a one is fat for the swallower]. (Ham p. 771.) b2: Also The hump of the camel: (TA:) heard by Az from the Arabs in this sense. (TA in art. حم.) b3: and The whiteness [app. meaning the white part] of the belly. (TA.) b4: شَحْمَةُ الأُذُنِ [The lobe, or lobule, of the ear;] the part, of the ear, to which the قُرْط [i. e. ear-ring or ear-drop] is suspended; (S, Msb, K;) i. e. the soft portion of the lower part of the ear: or the place of the perforation for the قُرْط. (TA.) b5: شَحْمَةُ العَيْنِ The مُقْلَة of the eye; (TA;) i. e., what comprises the white and the black of the eye: (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán; ” and S and Msb and K voce مُقْلَةٌ:) [this is what is generally meant by it; i. e. the globe of the eye:] in the T it is said to be the حَدَقَة [i. e. black, or what is in the middle of the white,] of the eye: and some say that it is the شَحْمَة [app. meaning the whole substance] that is beneath [or behind] the حَدَقَة. (TA.) b6: شَحْمَةُ الحَنْظَلِ [and شَحْمُهُ, as in the K in art. حنظل,] The inner part [i. e. the pulp] of the colocynth, exclusive of its seeds. (K.) b7: شَحْمَةُ الرُّمَّانِ The thin yellow [pulp] that is amid the seeds of the pomegranate; (K;) or, as in the M, the substance that separates the seeds of the pomegranate. (TA.) b8: شَحْمُ النَّخْلِ The heart pith, or cerebrum, (جُمَّار,) of palm-trees: (S in art. جذب:) and شَحْمَةُ النَّخْلَةِ the heart (جُمَّارَة) of the palm-tree. (M, TA.) b9: شَحْمَةُ المَرْجِ The خِطْمِىّ [or marsh-mallow]. (K.) b10: شَحْمُ الأَرْضِ The truffle; as a gen. n.; syn. الكَمْءُ: (TA in art. كمأ:) and شَحْمَةُ الأَرْضِ the truffle; as a n. un.; syn. الكَمْأَةُ: (K:) or the white truffle; syn. الكَمْأَةُ البَيْضَآءُ. (S.) [It should be observed that الكَمْءُ is generally held to be a n. un.; and الكَمْأَةُ, to be a coll. gen. n.; contr. to analogy: but they are here evidently used in the reverse manner.]

b11: شَحْمَةُ الأَرْضِ also signifies A certain white worm: or is of (مِن [which is omitted in some of the copies of the K]) the [long worms, found in moist earth, and in the mud of rivers, called]

خَرَاطِين: (K, TA:) or a white عَظَآءَة [n. un. of عَظَآءٌ, q. v.], not big: or, as some say, it is not of the [species called] عَظَآء; it is more pleasant [to the taste], and better: and [because it dwells in the sand-hills,] they say [i. e. call it] also شَحْمَةُ النَّقَا, like as they say بَنَاتُ النَّقَا: (TA:) it is the [reptile called] حُلَكَة, which dives into the sand, and to which the fingers (بَنَان) of virgins are likened. (TA in art. ارض. [See حُلَكَةٌ: and see also شَبَثٌ.]) b12: أَبُو شَحْمٍ is an appellation of The small species of what is called حِمَارُ قَبَّانَ. (TA in art. قب, q. v.) b13: [See also شَحْمَةٌ below.]

شُحْمٌ, with damm, [as though pl. of أَشْحَمُ, which I do not find mentioned,] White; applied to men. (IAar, TA.) شَحِمٌ Eagerly desirous of fat. (S, K.) One says, رَجُلٌ شَحِمٌ لَحِمٌ A man eagerly desirous of fat and of flesh. (TA.) b2: عِنَبٌ شَحِمٌ Grapes having little juice (K, TA) and thick skin. (TA.) b3: And رُمَّانَةٌ شَحِمَةٌ A pomegranate having thick شَحْمَة [or pulp amid the seeds]. (TA.) شَحْمَةٌ [n. un. of شَحْمٌ, which see throughout.

A2: Also] A certain bird. (K. [For طَائِرٌ, which I regard as the right reading, in the CK, I find in other copies of the K الطَّائِرُ as an explanation of الشَّحْمَةُ.]) A3: And A certain game of the children of the Arabs of the desert. (K, * TA.) شَحِيمٌ Fat, as an epithet applied to a man: (ISk, S, K:) or abundant in the fat of his person. (Msb.) شَحَّامٌ A seller of fat; (S, K;) as also ↓ شَاحِمٌ. (K.) b2: And One who feeds men much with fat. (TA.) شَاحِمٌ One who feeds men with fat. (S, TA.) b2: And A man having, or possessing, fat; like لَاحِمٌ signifying “ having, or possessing, flesh: ”

possessive epithets like لَابِنٌ and تَامِرٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شَحَّامٌ.

مُشْحِمٌ, (S, [so in my copies, see 4, of which it is the part. n.,]) or ↓ مُشَحِّمٌ, like مُحَدِّثٌ [in measure], (K,) [both perhaps correct,] A man having much fat in his house or tent. (S, K.) b2: And the former, A man whose camels are fat. (K.) مُشَحَّمٌ: see مَشْحُومٌ.

مُشَحِّمٌ: see مُشْحِمٌ.

مَشْحُومٌ Food, and bread, into which fat has been put; (TA;) [and so ↓ مُشَحَّمٌ, for] one says خُبْزَةٌ مُشَحَّمَةٌ [a cake of bread, &c., into which fat has been put]. (K in art. ربق.)

برم

برم

1 بَرَمَهُ: see 4, in two places.

A2: بَرِمَ, aor. ـَ and ↓ تبرّم; He was, or became, affected with disgust, loathing, or aversion; (M, * K;) he was vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed in mind. (M.) You say, بَرِمَ بِهِ, inf. n. بَرَمٌ; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and بِهِ ↓ تبرّم; (T, S, Msb, K;) He was, or became, disgusted by it, or by reason of it; he loathed it; (T, *, M, * Msb, * K;) he was vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed in mind, by it, or by reason of it. (T, M, Msb, K.) b2: بَرِمَ بِحُجَّتِهِ, aor. ـَ (tropical:) [He was unable to adduce, as he had intended, his argument, allegation, or evidence,] is said when one has intended to adduce an argument, allegation, or evidence, and it did not present itself to him. (A, K, TA.) 4 ابرمهُ, (inf. n. إِبْرَامٌ, T,) He made it (a rope, AHn, M, K, or a thread, or string, T) of two strands, or distinct yarns or twists, and then twisted it; (AHn, T, M, K;) as also ↓ بَرَمَهُ [aor. ـُ inf. n. بَرْمٌ]: (T:) or he twisted it well; namely, a rope. (M.) b2: And hence, (T, TA,) (tropical:) He made it (a thing, S, or an affair, T, M, K, or a compact, Msb) firm, strong, solid, or sound; he established it, settled it, or arranged it, firmly, strongly, solidly, soundly, or thoroughly; (T, S, M, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ بَرَمَهُ, (M, K,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. بَرْمٌ. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) He thought, or meditated, upon it; (namely, a thing;) or did so looking to its end, issue, or result; or he did it, performed it, or executed it, with thought, or consideration. (Msb.) A2: He affected him with disgust, loathing, or aversion; (T, * S, M, * Msb, * K;) caused him to be vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed in mind. (T, S, M, Msb.) You say, لَا تُبْرِمْنِى بِكَثْرَةِ فُضُولِكَ [Disgust me not, or vex me not, by the abundance of thy meddling, or impertinent, speech.]. (T, TA.) A3: ابرم It (a vine) put forth grapes in the state in which they are termed بَرَمَ, q. v. (Th, M, K.) 5 تَبَرَّمَ see 1, in two places.7 انبرم [It (a rope, or a thread, or string,) was made of two strands, or distinct twists, and then twisted: or was twisted well: see 4, of which it is quasi-pass. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) It ([a thing, or an affair, or] compact, Msb) was, or became, firm, strong, solid, or sound; it was, or became, established, settled, or arranged, firmly, strongly, solidly, soundly, or thoroughly. (Msb, KL.) بَرَمَ The fruit of the [trees called] عِضَاه: (S, M, K:) n. un. with ة: (S, M:) in its first stage it is termed فَتْلَةٌ; then, بَلَّةٌ; then, بَرَمَةٌ: AHn has erred in saying that the فتلة is above the برمة [in degree]: (M:) that of every kind of عضاه is yellow, except that of the عُرْفُط, which is white, (S, M,) as though its filaments, or fringe-like appertenances, were cotton, and it is like the button of a shirt, or somewhat larger: (M:) that of the سَلَم is the sweetest in odour, (S, M,) and this is yellow, and is eaten, being sweet, or pleasant: (M:) accord. to AA, the fruit of the طَلْح [or acacia gummifera, which is of the trees called عضاه]: n. un. with ة: (T:) sometimes, also, بَرَمَةٌ is applied to a fruit of the أَرَاك (M, * K, * TA) before it has become ripe and black; for when ripe, it is called مَرْدٌ; and when black, كَبَاثٌ: (TA:) and the pl. is بِرَامٌ (M, K) and بُرَمٌ, (M,) or بَرَمٌ. (K: [but the last is a coll. gen. n.]) b2: Also Grapes when they are above, (M,) or when they are like, (K,) the heads of young ants. (M, K.) A2: (tropical:) One who does not take part with others in the game called المَيْسِر [q. v.], (As, T, S, M, K,) nor contribute with them anything, (TA,) by reason of his avarice, (Har p. 382,) though he eats with them of the flesh-meat thereof; (As, TA;) but sometimes he shuffles, or deals forth, (يُفِيضُ,) the gaming-arrows for the players: (S in art. جمد:) likened to the بَرَمَ of the أَرَاك, because he is of no use: (Har ubi suprà:) and ↓ بَرَمَةٌ occurs in the same sense; [the man so termed being likened to a بَرَمَة of the اراك; or] the ة being added to give intensiveness to the meaning: (M:) the pl. is أَبْرَامٌ. (T, S, M, K.) And hence, (tropical:) Avaricious, or niggardly; mean, or sordid: (Har ubi suprà:) or heavy, or sluggish; (K, TA;) destitute of good. (TA.) It is said in a prov., أَبْرَمًا قَرُونًا (tropical:) [Art thou (تَكُونُ being understood after) one taking no part with others in the game of الميسر, as is implied in the S, or art thou] heavy, or sluggish, (K, TA,) destitute of good, (TA,) yet eating two dates at once each time? (S, K, TA.) بَرِمٌ part. n. of بَرِمَ [and therefore meaning Affected with disgust, loathing, or aversion; or vexed, grieved, disquieted by grief, or distressed in mind]. (M, Msb.) بُرْمَةٌ A cooking-pot (T, M, &c.) of stone, (T, Mgh, Msb,) or of stones: [see مُبْرِمٌ:] (M, K:) or [simply] a cooking-pot, (S, TA,) as some say, in a general sense, so that it may be of copper, and of iron, &c.: (TA:) pl. بِرَامٌ (T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and بُرَمٌ (T, M, &c.) and [coll. gen. n.]

بُرْمٌ. (T, M, K.) A2: Also A certain thing which women wear upon their arms, like the bracelet. (TA.) بَرَمَةٌ [originally n. un. of بَرَمٌ]: see بَرَمٌ.

بَرِيمٌ A rope composed of two twists twisted together into one; as also ↓ مُبْرَمٌ: (S:) or a thread, or string, twisted of two distinct yarns or twists: (T:) or a thread, or string, twisted of white and black yarns: (Ham p. 704:) or a twisted rope in which are two colours, (A'Obeyd, S,) or two threads, or strings, of different colours, (IAar, T, M, K,) red and yellow, (M,) or red and white, (K,) sometimes (A'Obeyd, S) bound by a woman upon her waist, and upon her upper arm: (A'Obeyd, S, K:) a rope of two colours, adorned with jewels, so bound by a woman: (M, K:) or a thread, or string, (Lth, A'Obeyd, T,) with beads strung upon it, (Lth, T,) or of different colours, (A'Obeyd, T,) which a woman binds upon her waist: (Lth, A'Obeyd, T: [see also حَوْطٌ]:) or a string of cowries, which is bound upon the waist of a female slave. (Aboo-Sahl El-Harawee in art. بزم of the TA.) b2: Anything in which are two colours (T, M, K) mixed together: (M, K:) and any two things mixed together and combined. (M.) b3: An amulet (M, K, TA) that is hung upon a boy; because of the colours therein. (TA.) b4: A garment, or piece of cloth, in which are silk (قَزّ) and flax. (T.) b5: Also, (K,) or the dual thereof, (AO, T, S,) which latter is the right, (TA,) The liver and hump [of a camel], (AO, T, S, K,) cut lengthwise, and tied round with a string or thread, or some other thing, (S, K,) in some copies of the S, or with a gut; (TA;) said to be thus called because of the whiteness of the hump and the blackness of the liver. (S, K.) So in the phrase, اِشْوِ لَنَا مِنْ بَرِيَمَيْهَا [Roast thou for us some of her liver and hump, cut lengthwise, &c.]. (AO, T, S: [in copies of the K, بَرِيمِهَا: and in the CK, بَرِيمَتِهَا.]) b6: Also, the sing., Water mixed with other [water &c.]. (TA.) b7: Tears mixed with [the collyrium termed] إِثْمِد; (M, K;) because having two colours. (TA.) b8: A mixed company of people. (M, K.) b9: An army; (S, K;) because comprising a mixed multitude of men; (K;) or because of the colours of the banners of the tribes therein: (S, K, TA:) or an army in which is a mixed multitude of men: (M:) or an army having two colours: (T:) and the dual, two armies, Arabs and foreigners. (IAar, T.) b10: A number of sheep and goats together. (IAar, T, M, K.) b11: The light of the sun with the remains of the blackness of night: (IAar, T:) or the dawn; (M, K;) because of its combining the blackness of night and the whiteness of day: or, as some say, بَرِيمٌ الصُّبْحِ means the tint (خَيْط [q. v.]) of the dawn that is mixed with two colours. (M.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Inducing suspicion, or evil opinion; [as though of two colours;] (IAar, T;) suspected. (IAar, T, Sgh, K.) بَرِّيمَةٌ, with fet-h, and with teshdeed to the ر which is meksoorah, A دَائِرَة [or feather, or portion of the hair naturally curled or frizzled, in a spiral manner, or otherwise,] upon a horse, whereby one judges of its goodness or badness: pl. بَرَارِيمُ. (TA: [and used in this sense in the present day.]) b2: See also بَيْرَمٌ.

بَيْرَمٌ The [implement called] عَتَلَة: or particularly the عتلة of the carpenter: (M, K:) [i. e.,] an auger, a wimble, or a gimlet; [called in the present day ↓ بَرِّيمَة; accord. to Mirkát el-Loghah, cited by Golius, who writes the latter word without teshdeed, the former signifies such an implement (“ terebra ”) of a large size;] that with which the carpenter perforates: and also said to signify that with which the saddler perforates leather: (KL:) also a well-known kind of [implement such as is called in Persian] تِيشَهْ [i. e., a hatchet, or the like]: (PS:) AO said, the بَيْرَمْ is the عَتَلَة of the carpenter: or he said, the عتلة is the بيرم of the carpenter: (T:) this word, (M,) the بيرم of the carpenter, (S,) is Persian, (S, M,) arabicized. (S.) مُبْرَمٌ: see بَرِيمٌ. b2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, of which the thread is twisted of two yarns, or distinct twists. (S, K.) And hence, (S,) A certain kind of garments, or cloths. (S, K.) b3: [(assumed tropical:) A thing, or an affair, or a compact, made firm, strong, solid, or sound; established, settled, or arranged, firmly, strongly, solidly, soundly, or thoroughly. See its verb, 4. b4: and hence, قَضَآءٌ مُبْرَمٌ (assumed tropical:) Ratified destiny; such as is rendered inevitable.]

مُبْرَمٌ [act. part. n. of 4.

A2: And also] A gatherer of بَرَم [q. v.]: (M:) or, of the بَرَم of the عِضَاه: (K:) or, specially, a gatherer of the بَرَم of the أَرَاك. (M.) A3: A maker of بِرَام [or stone cookingpots]: (K:) or one who wrenches out the stones of which they are made from the mountain, (M, K, TA,) and fashions them, and hews them out. (TA.) A4: And hence, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A heavy, or sluggish, man; as though [in the CK لاَنَّهُ is erroneously put for كَأَنَّهُ] he cut off for himself something from the persons sitting with him: (M, K: *) or, as some say, [so in the M; but in the K, “and”] bad, or corrupt, in discourse; (M, K;) who discourses to others of that in which is no profit nor meaning; (TA;) from the same word as signifying “a gatherer of the fruit of the اراك,” (M, TA,) which has no taste nor sweetness nor sourness nor virtue, or efficacy: (AO, TA:) or one who is a burden upon his companion, without profit and without good; like the بَرَم who takes no part with others in the game of المَيْسِر, though he eats of the flesh-meat thereof. (As, TA.) مِبْرَمٌ sing. of مَبَارِمُ, (TA,) which signifies The spindles with which the twisting termed إِبْرَام is performed. (M, K, TA.) [See 4.]

شهد

شهد

1 شَهِدَ, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَهُدَ, aor. ـُ (K;) also pronounced and written شَهْدَ, (Akh, S, K,) and شِهْدَ, and شِهِدَ, accord. to a rule applying to all verbs of the measure فَعِلَ of which the medial radical letter is a faucial; (MF;) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and شهد; (TA;) [there written without any syll. sign, and not found by me in any other Lex.;]) He told, or gave information of, what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) he declared what he knew: he gave testimony, attestation, or evidence; he bore witness: (L:) he gave decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) [See also شَهَادَةٌ below.] You say, شَهِدَ بِكَذَا, inf. n. as above, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) He told, or gave information of, such a thing, as having witnessed it, or seen or beheld it with his eye; (Mgh, Msb;) or declared such a thing as knowing it; (L;) or gave his testimony, attestation, or evidence, respecting it; or bore witness of it, or to it; (S, A, L, K;) عِنْدَ الحَاكِمِ [in the presence of the judge]; لِفُلَانٍ [for, or in favour of, such a one], (S, Mgh, L, K,) and عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against, or in opposition to, such a one]. (Mgh.) And شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا He gave decisive information [respecting such a thing (as in the Kur xlvi. 9, and in many other instances); he testified respecting it]. (S, L. [See also another meaning of this phrase in what follows.]) [Hence,] شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا هُوَ, in the Kur [iii. 16], means God hath given evidence that there is no deity but He: (Abu-l- 'Abbás, IAmb, Jel:) or God knoweth &c.; (Ah-mad Ibn-Yahyà, K;) and so شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ throughout the Kur-án: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà:) or God saith &c.: or God hath written &c. (K.) And أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّااللّٰهُ I know, (Msb, K,) [or acknowledge,] and I declare, [or testify, that there is no deity but God:] (K:) [Fei says,] the verb is trans. in this phrase by itself [i. e. without the intervention of a prep.] because it is used in the sense of أَعْلَمُ. (Msb.) [And hence, كَلِمَةُ الشَّهَادَةِ means The sentence declaring that there is no deity but God and that Mohammad is God's apostle.] b2: شَهِدَ بِاللّٰهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (Mgh,) means He swore by God: (Mgh, Msb:) and أَشْهَدُ بِكَذَا I swear by such a thing. (S, K.) أَشْهَدُ بِاللّٰهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا I swear by God that such a thing happened, or took place, combines the meaning of witnessing with that of swearing and that of informing at the time of uttering these words; as though the speaker said, I swear by God that I witnessed such a thing, and now I inform of it. (Msb.) Accord. to some, when one says only أَشْهَدُ, not adding بِاللّٰهِ, it is an oath. (TA.) b3: شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا, a phrase of which one meaning has been expl. above, means also He became a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to, such a thing; (S, K;) he had knowledge of such a thing, and witnessed it, or saw it or beheld it with his eye: (Msb:) and شَهِدَهُ, (Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (L,) [likewise] signifies he witnessed it; or saw, or beheld, it, or him, with his eye; (Mgh, L;) and (Mgh, L, Msb) so ↓ شاهدهُ, (A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُشَاهَدَةٌ. (S, A, L, Msb.) [Hence,] one says, مِنْهُ حَالٌ جَمِيلَةٌ ↓ شُوهِدَتْ [A comely, or pleasing, state, or condition, of him was witnessed]. (A.) b4: And شَهِدَهُ, (aor. ـَ K,) inf. n. شُهُودٌ, He was, or became, present at it, or in it; (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K;) namely, a place, (Mgh,) or an assembly. (Msb.) Hence the saying, (Msb,) فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ, in the Kur [ii. 181], Therefore whosoever of you shall be present in the month, and stationary, not journeying, he shall fast therein (Mgh, Msb) as long as he shall remain present and stationary: (Msb:) الشهر being here in the accus. case as an adv. n. of time. (Mgh, Msb.) [And hence,] شَهِدَ الجُمْعَةَ He attained to [the being present at] the جُمْعَة [here meaning, as in many other instances, the prayer of Friday]: (Mgh:) and شَهِدَ العِيدَ he attained to [the being present at] the عِيد [or festival, or the prayer thereof]. (Msb.) [Hence also,] it is said in a trad., يَشْهَدُ بَيْعَكُمُ الحَلِفُ وَاللَّغْوُ [Swearing, and unprofitable speech, attend your selling]. (TA in art. شوب: see 1 in that art.) 2 شَهَّدَ see 4.3 شَاْهَدَ see 1, latter half, in two places.4 أَشْهَدْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا I made him to be a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to such a thing: (S, Mgh, L:) [and in like manner,] أَشْهَدْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I made him to have knowledge of the thing, and to witness it, or see it or behold it with his eye. (Msb.) See also 10. إِشْهَادٌ in relation to criminal matters means [The causing one to take notice of a thing that threatens to occasion some injury, with a view to the prevention of such injury; as, for instance,] the saying to the owner of a house, “ This thy wall is leaning, therefore demolish it,” or “ feared, therefore repair it. ” (Mgh.) b2: اشهدهُ also signifies He caused him to be present. (K.) You say, أَشْهَدَنِى إِمْلَاكَهُ He caused me to be present [at, or on the occasion of, his being put in possession]. (S.) b3: أُشْهِدَ: see 10.

A2: اشهد [as intrans.] (assumed tropical:) Humorem tenuem e pene emisit vir propter lusum amatorium vel osculum; (S, K;) as also ↓ شهّد, (K,) inf. n. تَشْهِيدٌ: (TA:) [from شَهْدٌ signifying “ honey; ” for] عُسَيْلَةٌ is a term for مَذْىٌ. (S.) (assumed tropical:) He rendered his مِئْزَر [or waist-wrapper] of a reddish hue and of a dark dust-colour (أَخْضَر) [by the act above-mentioned]. (L.) (assumed tropical:) He (a boy) attained to puberty. (Th, TA.) And اشهدت She (a girl) menstruated: and attained to puberty. (K.) 5 التَّشَهُّدُ in prayer is well known; (S, K;) The reciting of the form of words commencing with التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلّٰهِ: [see art. حى:] from the occurrence therein of the words أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. (Mgh, * TA. [See also Har p. 611.]) b2: And تَشَهَّدَ also signifies He sought, or desired to obtain, martyrdom. (L.) 10 استشهدهُ He asked him, or required him, to tell what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye; to declare what he knew; to give testimony, or evidence; to bear witness; or to give decisive information. (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K.) You say, اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى فُلَانٍ I asked, or required, [or cited, or summoned,] such a one to give his testimony, or evidence, or to bear witness, against such a one. (L.) And اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى إِقْرَارِ الغَرِيمِ and ↓ أَشْهَدْتُهُ I asked, or required, [&c., and made,] the man to bear witness to, or to be witness of or to, the confession, or acknowledgment, of the debtor. (L.) b2: [Hence,] استشهد بِبَيْتٍ عَلَى مَعْنَى كَلِمَةٍ [He adduced, or urged, or cited, a verse as an evidential example of the meaning of a word]. (A phrase of frequent occurrence in the larger lexicons.) b3: اُسْتُشْهِدَ (S, K) and ↓ أُشْهِدَ (K) He was slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) شَهْدٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, first sentence.

A2: Also, and ↓ شُهْدٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Temeem, and the latter of the people of El-'Áliyeh, (Msb, TA,) Honey: (K:) or honey in its wax [i. e. its comb]; (S, Msb;) honey not expressed from its wax [or comb]: (TA:) pl. شِهَادٌ: (S, Msb, K:) شَهْدَةٌ is a more particular term, (S, K,) the n. un., [signifying a portion thereof; and a honey-comb, or a portion of a honey-comb;] as also شُهْدَةٌ. (TA.) شُهْدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شُهُودٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, in two places.

شَهِيدٌ is also written and pronounced شِهِيدٌ, with kesr to the ش: (K, TA:) and in like manner is every word of the measure فَعِيلٌ having a faucial letter for its, medial radical, whether an epithet, like this, or a subst., like رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ: ElHemdánee says, in the “ Iaráb el-Kur-án,” that the people of El-Hijáz, and Benoo-Asad, say رَحِيمٌ and رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ, with fet-h to the first letter; and Keys and Rabee'ah and Temeem say رَحِيمٌ and رِغِيفٌ and بِعِيرٌ, with kesr to the first letter: Sub says, in the R, that Temeem pronounce every فَعِيل of which the medial radical letter is hemzeh or any other faucial with kesr to the first letter: and En-Nawawee states, on the authority of Lth, that some of the Arabs do the same when the medial radical letter is not a faucial; as in كبير and كريم and جليل and the like thereof. (TA.) [This last pronunciation obtains extensively in the present day: and so, in similar cases, does the intermediate pronunciation termed إِمَالَةُ الفَتْحِ, (i. e. the pronouncing fet-h like “ e ” in the English word “ bed,”) which may be justly regarded as the best to be followed because intermediate and because sanctioned by the usage of the classical times, except in cases that are pointed out by the grammarians as presenting obstacles to the pronunciation thus termed.] b2: شَهِيدٌ is syn. with شَاهِدٌ [in several senses, as shown below]: and its pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, K.) See شَاهِدٌ, in six places. b3: Also Possessing much knowledge with respect to external things: خَبِيرٌ is used in the like sense with respect to internal things; and عَلِيمٌ, in the like sense absolutely. (L.) [Hence, perhaps,] وَادْعُوا شُهَدآءَكُمْ, in the Kur ii. 21, [as though meaning And call ye to your aid those of you who possess much knowledge: or] the meaning here is, your helpers: (Bd:) or your gods whom ye worship. (Jel.) الشَّهِيدُ as a name of God means The Faithful, or Trusty, in his testimony (Zj, L,) or in testimony: (K:) and (Zj, K) as some say, (Zj,) He from whose knowledge nothing is hidden; the Omniscient. (Zj, L, K.) b4: Also, derived from الشَّهَادَةُ, or from المُشَاهَدَةُ, or from الشُّهُودُ, [all inf. ns.,] accord. to different opinions; (TA;) and of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (Msb, TA;) or in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ; (TA;) A martyr who is slain in the cause of God's religion; (S, K;) [i. e.] one who is slain by unbelievers on a field of battle; (Msb;) one who is slain fighting in the cause of God's religion: (IAth:) so called because the angels of mercy are present with him; (K;) because the angels are present at the washing of his corpse, or at the removal of his soul to Paradise: (Msb:) or because God and his angels are witnesses for him of his title to a place in Paradise: (IAmb, Mgh, * K:) or because he is one of those who shall be required to bear witness on the day of resurrection, (K, TA,) with the Prophet, (TA,) against the people of past times, (K, TA,) who charged their prophets with falsehood: (TA:) or because of his falling upon the ↓ شَاهِدَة, or ground: (K:) or because he is still living, and present with his Lord: (ISh, Mgh, K:) or because he witnesses. or beholds, God's world of spirits and his world of corporeal beings: (K, * TA:) [and several other reasons are assigned for this appellation:] the primary application is that expl. above: but it is also applied by the Prophet to one who dies of colic: one who is drowned: one who is burned to death: one who is killed by a building falling to ruin upon him: one who dies of pleurisy: (IAth, L:) one who dies of plague, or pestilence: a woman who dies in a state of pregnancy: (L:) and to some others: (IAth:) the pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (A, Msb, K, &c.) شَهَادَةٌ [see 1:] Information of what one has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (IF, Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) said to be a subst. from المُشَاهَدَةُ: (Msb:) declaration of what one knows: testimony, attestation, evidence, or witness: (L:) decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) b2: An oath: pl. شَهَادَاتٌ: so in the Kur xxiv. 6 [and 8]. (TA.) b3: Martyrdom in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) b4: Also i. q. مَشْهَدٌ as expl. below: see the latter word. b5: [And it is used in the sense of مُشَاهَدٌ: thus,]وَالشَّهَادَة الغَيْبِ عَالِمُ , in the Kur vi. 73 &c., means The Knower of what is unseen and of what is seen. (Jel.) شَهِيدَةٌ A roasted lamb: or [the kind of food called] هَرِيسَة [q. v.]: pl. شِهَادٌ. (Har. p. 609.) شَهَّادٌ Always present. (Freytag from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

شَاهِدٌ (S, Mgh, L, K) and ↓ شَهِيدٌ (S, * Mgh, L) One who tells, or gives information of, what he has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L:) one who declares what he knows: (L:) one who knows, and declares what he knows: (ISd, TA:) a witness, as meaning one who gives testimony, or evidence; who bears witness: (S, * L, K: *) [one who gives decisive information: (see 1, first sentence:)] pl. of the former ↓ شَهْدٌ, (Akh, S, K,) or [rather] this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, TA,) like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and سَفْرٌ of سَافِرٌ, (S,) but some disallow this; (TA;) and ↓ شُهُودٌ [but see what is said of this in the latter half of the paragraph] and أَشْهَادٌ are also pls. of شَاهِدٌ, (Mgh, L,) or of شَهْدٌ: (S, K:) the pl. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, Mgh.) [Hence,] ↓ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur 1. 20: see art. سوق. b2: [Hence also] الشَّاهِدُ a name of the Prophet; (K;) meaning The witness against those to whom he has been sent. (Jel in xxxiii. 44.) b3: And شَاهِدٌ An angel: (S, L, K:) or a guardian angel: (Mujáhid:) pl. أَشْهَادٌ: or this means the prophets. (TA.) b4: And The tongue: (S, L, K:) from the saying, لِفُلَانٍ شَاهِدٌ حَسَنٌ Such a one has an elegant diction. (L.) One says also, مَا لِفُلَانٍ رُوَآءٌ وَلَا شَاهِدٌ Such a one has neither goodliness of aspect nor tongue. (Aboo-Bekr, L.) b5: [As a conventional term used in lexicology &c.,] An evidential example, generally poetical, of the form or meaning of a word or phrase: pl. شَوَاهِدُ: the sciences that require شَوَاهِد being those of اللُّغَة and الصَّرْف and النَّحْو and المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع and العَرُوض and القَوَافِى. (MF on the خُطْبَة of the K.) [One says, هٰذَا شَاهِدٌ لِكَذَا and عَلَى كَذَا This is an evidential example of such a thing.] With respect to the classical language, absolutely, شواهد are taken, by universal consent, from the Kur-án, and from the language [both verse and prose (Kull p. 348)] of those Arabs who lived before the period of the corruption [in any considerable degree] of the Arabic tongue: [see مُوَلَّدٌ:] also, accord. to the general decision of the learned, from the Traditions of Mohammad; [which last source is excluded by some because traditions may be corrupted in language by their transmitters, and interpolated, and even forged;] and electively from the language of those Arabs who lived after the first corruption of the Arabic tongue, but before the corruption had become extensive. (Mz, 1st نوع; and MF ubi suprà. [See, again, مُوَلَّدٌ.]) The classes of the poets from whose poetry شواهد are taken are the Pagan Arabs, the Mukhadrams, the Islámees, and the Muwelleds: [see جَاهِلِىٌّ and مُخَضْرَمٌ and إِسْلَامِىٌّ and مُوَلَّدٌ:] with respect to all the sciences above mentioned, they are taken from the poetry of the first, second, and third, classes; from that of the first and second by universal consent, and from that of the third electively: (MF ubi suprá:) but they are taken from the poetry of the fourth class with respect only to the sciences of المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع. (Idem, and Kull p. 348.) [The age of the earliest existing classical poems (though some older fragments and couplets and single verses have been preserved) is only about a century before the birth of Mohammad: that of the latest, about a century after his death. (See the Preface to this work.)] b6: Knowing, (Msb,) and witnessing, or seeing or beholding with his eye; a witness, as meaning an eyewitness; (L, Msb;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: pl. of the former [or, as is said in the L in art. مجد, of the former or of the latter,] أَشْهَادٌ and شُهُودٌ; [but see what is said of these pls. in the first sentence of this paragraph;] and of the latter شُهَدَآءُ. (Msb.) [See an ex. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ in this sense in a verse cited voce رَبٌّ.] b7: [Hence, in the present day, applied to A notary, who hears and writes and attests cases to be submitted for judgment in the court of a kádee.] b8: Present; a witness as meaning one personally present; (S, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: (Msb:) pl. of the former شُهَّدٌ (S, L, K) [and أَشْهَادٌ, as above,] and ↓ شُهُودٌ, (K,) or this last is used as a pl. but is originally an inf. n. (S, L.) One says, الشَّاهِدُ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى الغَائِبُ, meaning The present knows what the absent knows not. (Msb.) And قَوْمٌ شُهُودٌ People, or persons, present. (S, A.) And كَلَّمْتُهُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الأَشْهَادِ [I spoke to him before witnesses, or persons present]. (A.) b9: [Hence, app., being opposed to غَائِبٌ,] A running in which a horse exerts his force unsparingly; (A, L;) as in the saying, لِلْفَرَسِ غَائِبٌ وَشَاهِدٌ The horse has a run which he reserves [for the time of need], and a run which he performs unsparingly; like the saying, لَهُ صَوْنٌ وَبَذْلٌ: (A: [see 1 in art. بذل:]) or شَاهِدٌ means a running that testifies the excellence of a horse, (IAar, K,) and his quality of outstripping others. (IAar, TA.) b10: A star [app. when visible]; (Aboo-Eiyoob, K;) as being present and apparent in the night. (TA.) b11: [Hence, accord. to some,] صَلَاةُ الشَّاهِدِ The prayer of sunset; (A, L, Msb, K;) because it is the prayer that is performed when the star becomes visible; (Sh, L;) also called صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ, because the stars are seen at the time thereof: or, accord. to some, the prayer of daybreak; (L;) [and so, accord. to some, صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ; (see art. بصر;)] as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ; (TA;) and it is said to be so called because he who is travelling must perform it without abridging it, like him who is present at his home: Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says that the former prayer is so called for this reason [as is also said in the A and Msb]: AM asserts that the first reason assigned above is the right one, because the prayer of daybreak, in like manner, may not be abridged, and is not thus called; but it is thus called by a poet. (L.) b12: And الشَّاهِدُ is a name of Friday; (Fr, K;) as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ: or the latter is the day of resurrection: (K:) or the day of 'Arafeh: (Fr, K: [see عَرَفَةُ:]) because of the presence and congregation of people on each of those days. (TA.) b13: شَاهِدٌ also signifies Matter resembling mucus, that comes forth with the fœtus: (S, K:) pl. شُهُودٌ: which latter, accord. to ISd, means the أَغْرَاس [pl. of غِرْسٌ, q. v.,] upon the head of a young camel at the time of its birth. (TA.) And شُهُودٌ النَّاقَةِ means The marks left by the blood, or by the membrane that enclosed the fœtus, of the she-camel, in the place where she has brought forth. (S, K.) b14: Also A quick, or an expeditious, thing or affair. (K.) الشَّاهِدَةُ The earth, or ground. (K.) See شَهِيدٌ, last sentence.

مَشْهَدٌ A place where people are present or assembled; a place of assembling; an assembly; (S, L, K;) as also ↓ مَشْهَدَةٌ and ↓ مَشْهُدَةٌ (K) and ↓ شَهَادَةٌ: (L:) pl. مَشَاهِدُ. (A.) [Hence,] مَشَاهِدُ مَكَّةَ The places of religious visitation, where the ceremonies of the pilgrimage &c. are performed, at Mekkeh. (L.) b2: [A funeral assembly or procession. b3: A place where a martyr has died or is buried. b4: And The aspect, or outward appearance, of a person; like مَرْأًى: see an instance voce عَوْدٌ.]

مُشْهَدٌ Slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (K. [See also شَهِيدٌ.]) اِمْرَأَةٌ مُشْهِدٌ, (S, A, K,) without ة, (S,) and مُشْهِدَةٌ, (A,) A woman whose husband is present with her: (S, A, K:) opposed to اِمْرَأَةٌ مُغِيبَةٌ; (S, A;) this last with ة. (S.) مَشْهَدَةٌ and مَشْهُدَةٌ: see مَشْهَدٌ.

مَجْلِسٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A place of assembling at which numerous persons are present]. (A.) And يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A day on which numerous persons are present: and particularly] a day on which the inhabitants of heaven and earth will be present. (TA.) And صَلَاةٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ A prayer at the performance of which the angels are present, and the recompense of which, for the performer, is written, or registered. (L.) See also شَاهِدٌ, in two places, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: مَعْهُودٌ وَمَشْهُودٌ وَمَوْعُودٌ Past and present and future; the tenses of a verb. (Kh, L in art. عهد.)

حلق

حلق

1 حَلَقَ رَأْسَهُ, (S, K,) and شَعَرَهُ, (S, M, Msb,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. حَلْقٌ (S, * M, Msb, K) and حِلَاقٌ (S, * Msb, K *) and تَحْلَاقٌ, (S, * K,) He removed the hair of his head [with a razor, or shaved his head], (K,) [and he shaved off his hair;] as also ↓ احتلقهُ; (S, K;) and ↓ حلّقهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَحْلِيقٌ: (TA:) or the latter verb has an intensive signification, (O, Msb,) and applies to many objects, (S, Msb,) as in the phrase, حَلَّقُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ [they shaved their heads]: (S:) and you say also, حَلَقَ مَعْزَهُ [he shore his goats]; but not جَزَّ save in the case of sheep: (S:) [for] الحَلْقُ with respect to the hair of human beings and of goats is like الجَزُّ with respect to wool. (M, TA.) [Hence,] إِنَّ رَأْسَهُ لَجَيِّدُ الحِلَاقِ [Verily his head is well shaven]. (S, K. *) And يَوْمُ تَحْلَاق اللَّمَمِ [The day of the shaving off of the locks termed لمم]; which was a day fought by Teghlib (S, K) against Bekr Ibn-Wáïl; (S;) because their [i. e. Teghlib's] distinctive sign was shaving (الحَلْق), (S, K,) on that day. (S.) b2: عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, or ↓ عَقْرَى حَلْقَى, (S, K, *) is an expression occurring in a trad.: (S:) the latter is rare; or is an incorrect variation of the relaters of traditions: (K:) A 'Obeyd says, it is عَقْرًا حَلْقًا, for which the relaters of traditions say ↓ عَقْرَى حَلْقَى; and the original form and meaning is عَقَرَهَا اللّٰهُ وَحَلَقَهَا, (S,) or عَقَرَهَا اللّٰهُ عَقْرًا وَحَلَقَهَا حَلْقًا, (TA,) i. e., [accord. to A 'Obeyd,] May God wound her body, and afflict her with pain in her حَلْق [or fauces]: (S, K: *) but this explanation is not valid: accord. to the T, it is a form of imprecation uttered against a woman, [not in earnest, though denoting a degree of displeasure,] meaning may she be bereft of her husband, or became a widow, so that she shall shave off her hair: and Az says that عَقْرَى ↓ حَلْقَى means she is unlucky [to others] and annoying: ISd says, it is said to mean she is unlucky [to others]; but I am not sure of it. (TA.) Accord. to Aboo-Nasr (S, TA) Ahmad Ibn-Hátim, (S,) one says on the occasion of an event at which one wonders, خَمْشَى

↓ عَقْرَى حَلْقَى, as though [meaning May she who has occasioned this, scratch and wound her face, and shave off her hair:] from الحَلْقُ [the act of shaving] and العَقْرُ [the act of wounding] and الخَمْشُ syn. with الخَدْشُ [the act of scratching]: (S, TA: *) and he cites this verse: ↓ أَلَا قَوْمِى أُولُو عَقْرَى وَحَلْقَى

لِمَا لَا قَتْ سَلَامَانُ بْنُ غَنْمِ (TA, and so in some copies of the S,) meaning [Now surely] my people have women who have wounded and scratched their faces and shaven off their hair [on account of what the tribe of Selámán Ibn-Ghanm has experienced]: so, says IB, IKtt relates this verse, and so Hr in the Ghareebeyn: but ISk, thus: أَلَا قَوْمِى إِلَى عَقْرَى وَحَلْقَى

[and so I find it in one copy of the S:] and IJ explains it by saying that عقرى وحلقى originally denotes the case of a woman who, when some one honourable in her estimation has been smitten, or wounded, takes a pair of sandals, and beats with them her head, and wounds or scratches it, and shaves off her hair; and the poet means, my people have come to the condition of wounded, or scratched, and shaven, women. (TA.) [Fei says,] حَلْقًا لَهُ وَعَقْرًا is a form of imprecation, meaning May God afflict him with pain in his حَلْق [or fauces], and wound his body: but the relaters of traditions say عَقْرَى ↓ حَلْقَى, with the fem. alif, making them act. part. ns.; [the former meaning, accord. to one of the explanations given above, an unlucky woman to others, though this is doubtful; and] the latter meaning a woman annoying her people: (Msb:) or both these words are inf. ns., like دَعْوَى. (TA in art. عقر.

[See more in that art]) b3: They said also, بَيْنَهُمُ احْلِقِى وَقُومِى [Among them is heard the saying, Shave, O woman, and arise]; i. e. among them is trial, or trouble, and distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity: and يُوْمُ احْلِقِى وَقُومِى [A day of the saying Shave, &c.; i. e., of trial, &c.]. (TA.) b4: Also حَلَقَ الشَّىْءَ. aor. ـِ inf. n. حلْقٌ, He peeled the thing; or stripped off, or otherwise removed, its superficial part: or he peeled, stripped, pared, scraped, or rubbed, off the thing: syn. قَشَرَهُ. (TA.) b5: And حَلَقَ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, destroyed; and cut off entirely, like as the razor does hair. (TA.) b6: And, aor. as above, (assumed tropical:) He (a man) pained, or caused to suffer pain. (IAar, TA.) A2: حَلَقَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (K) and حَلِقَ, (TA,) He hit, or hurt, his حَلْق [or fauces]; (S, K;) a verb similar to رَأَسَهُ, and عَضَدَهُ and صَدَرَهُ, meaning “ he struck his head ” and “ his upper arm ” and “ his breast: ” and He (God) afflicted him with pain in his حَلْق; as explained in a phrase mentioned above. (S.) b2: And (tropical:) He filled it, namely, a watering-trough or tank, (K, TA,) up to its حَلْق [q. v.]; (TA;) as also ↓ احلقهُ. (Sgh, K.) A3: حَلَقَ الشَّىْءَ i. q. قَدَّرَهُ [He made the thing according to a measure; &c.]; (K;) like خَلَقَهُ [q. v.], with the pointed خ. (TA.) A4: حَلَقَ الضَّرْعُ, aor. ـَ [so in the TA, app. a mistranscription for حَلُقَ, since neither the medial nor final radical letter is faucial,] inf. n. حُلُوقٌ, (assumed tropical:) The udder rose to the belly, and became contracted: b2: and also (assumed tropical:) The udder contained much milk: (Kr, ISd, TA:) thus it has two contr. meanings. (TA.) [See the part. n. حَالِقٌ.]

A5: حَلِقَ, aor. ـَ He (a man) suffered pain: or had a complaint of his حَلْق [or fauces]. (IAar, TA.) 2 حلّق, inf. n. تَحْلِيقٌ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: حلّقهُ حَلْقَةً He clad him with a حلقة [or coat of mail, &c.]. (TA.) b2: حلٌّق حَلْقَةً He turned [or drew] a circle. (TA.) b3: [Hence, perhaps,] حلّق عَلَى اسْمِ فُلَانٍ [if, as I suppose, originally meaning He drew a line round the name of such a one;] (tropical:) he cancelled the stipend, or pay, or allowance, of such a one. (TA.) b4: [حلّق الإِبِلَ He branded the camels with a mark in the form of a ring: see the pass. part. n.] b5: حلَق بِإِصْبعِهِ He bent his finger round like a حَلْقَة [or ring]. (TA.) b6: حلّق said of the moon, It had a halo around it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ تحلّق. (K.) b7: Said of a bird, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) It soared in its flight, (S, K, TA,) and circled in the air. (TA.) b8: Said of the نَجْم, (K,) meaning the Pleiades (الثُّرَيَّا), (T in art. فغر,) (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, high: (K:) or it became overhead. (T ubi suprà: see فَغَرَ.) It is said that تَحْلِيقُ الشَّمْسِ, in the former part of the day, means (assumed tropical:) The sun's rising high from the east: and in the latter part of the day, the sun's going down: but Sh says, I know not التحليق except as meaning the being, or becoming, high. (TA.) b9: حلّق بِبَصَرِهِ إِلَى السَّمآءِ (assumed tropical:) He raised his eyes towards the sky. (TA.) b10: حلّق ضَرْعُ النَّاقَةِ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The she-camel's milk became drawn up [and consequently her udder also] (IDrd, K) to her belly (IDrd, TA.) And accord. to ISd, حلّق اللَّبَنُ (assumed tropical:) The milk [became drawn up, or withdrawn, i. e.,] went away. (TA.) And حلّق is said of the water in a drinking-trough, meaning (assumed tropical:) It became little in quantity; and went away. (TA.) b11: حَلَّقَتْ عُيُونُ الإِبِلِ (tropical:) The eyes of the camels sank, or became depressed, in their heads. (AA, K, TA.) b12: حلّق البُسْرُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The ripening dates became ripe [as far as the حَلْق, i. e.,] to the extent of two thirds: (AHn, K:) and ↓ حَلْقَنَ signifies the same; or they began to be ripe (K in art. حلقن) next the base; (TA in that art.;) as also ↓ حَلْقَمَ. (TA in art. حلقم.) b13: حلّق بِهِ (tropical:) It (a draught of [milk and water such as is termed] صُوَاح) caused his belly to become inflated. (Ibn-' Abbád, K, TA.) b14: حلّق بِالشَّىْءَ إِلَيْهِ He threw the thing to him. (K.) 4 أَحْلَقَ see 1, near the end.5 تحلّقوا They sat in rings, or circles. (S, K.) The doing thus before prayers [in the mosque] is forbidden. (TA.) b2: See also 2.7 انحلق شَعَرُهُ [His hair came off; as though it were shaven]. (K voce مُتَقَوِّبٌ.) 8 إِحْتَلَقَ see 1, first sentence. Q. Q. 1 حَلْقَمَهُ He cut, or severed, his حُلْقُوم [q. v. voce حَلْقٌ]. (Msb, See also art. حلقم.) A2: حَلْقَمَ and حَلْقَنَ: see 2.

A3: حَوْلَقَ, (TA,) inf. n. حَوْلَقَةٌ, (S,) He said لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللّٰهِ: [see art. حول:] so says ISk: (S:) others say حَوْقَلَ. (IAth, TA.) حَلْقٌ [The fauces: and hence, by a synecdoche, the throat, or gullet, i. e. the œsophagus:] the place of the غَلْصَمَة [or epiglottis]; and the place of slaughter in an animal: (Az, TA:) or the fore part of the neck: (Zj in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) or the passage of, or place by which pass, the food and drink, into the مَرِىْء [or œsophagus]: (TA:) or i. q. ↓ حُلْقُومٌ: (S, Msb, K:) [but] the latter is the windpipe; the passage of the breath; (Zj ubi suprà, Az, Msb;) which has branches branching from it into the lungs, [namely, the bronchi, consisting of two main branches, which divide into smaller and smaller,] called the قَصَب: (Zj ubi suprà, and Msb:) [this word (حلقوم), however, as well as the former, is sometimes applied to the throat, or gullet: but the former (حلق) generally signifies the fauces; and the latter (حلقوم), the windpipe: (see another explanation of the latter word in art. حلقم, from the M:) a morsel of food, or the like, is commonly said to stick in the حلق, but not in the حلقوم:] حَلْقٌ is of the masc. gender: (Msb:) and its pl. is حُلُوقٌ, (S, Msb,) and sometimes حُلُقٌ; (Msb;) or حِلَقٌ, which is extr.; and pl. of pauc. أَحْلَاقٌ; (TA;) and أَحْلُقٌ is allowable [as a pl. of pauc.] on the ground of analogy; but it has not been heard from the Arabs: (Msb:) ↓ حُلْقُومٌ is of the measure فُعْلُومٌ, (TA,) the م being augmentative, (Msb,) accord. to Kh; but of the measure فُعْلُولٌ accord. to others: (TA:) and its pl. is حَلَاقِيمُ, and, by contraction, حَلَاقِمُ. (Msb.) b2: (tropical:) The part through which the water runs of a watering-trough or tank, and of a vessel: pl. حُلُوقٌ. (TA.) b3: and [the pl.] حُلُوقٌ signifies (tropical:) The water-courses, and valleys, of a land; and the narrow, or strait, places, of a land, (K, TA,) and of roads. (TA.) b4: حَلْقُ الجَوِّ [app. (assumed tropical:) The upper region of the air: see 2, as said of a bird, &c.]. (Z, TA.) b5: The حَلْق of a date is (assumed tropical:) The part at the extremity of two thirds thereof: or a part near to the base thereof. (TA.) A2: Unluckiness [to others]. (IAar, K.) Hence, [accord. to some,] عَقْرًا حَلْقًا [explained above: see 1]. (TA.) حُلْقٌ The state of being bereft of a child by death; syn. ثُكْلٌ [in the CK, erroneously, شُكْل]. (K, TA.) So in the prov., لِأُمِّكَ الحُلْقُ [May bereavement of her child befall thy mother]: or, accord. to the A, it means shaving of the head [on account of such, or a similar, bereavement]. (TA.) حِلْقٌ (tropical:) Numerous cattle: (S, K:) because the herbage is cropped by them like as hair is shaven or shorn. (K.) You say, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِالحِلْقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ (S) Such a one came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S in art. حرف.) A2: The sealring (IAar, S, K) that is on the hand [or finger], or in the hand, (IAar, TA,) of a king: (IAar, S, K:) or a seal-ring of silver, without a فَصّ [or gem set in it]. (ISd, K.) [Hence,] أُعْطِىَ فُلَانٌ الحِلْقَ Such a one was made prince, or governor, or commander. (TA.) حَلَقٌ: see حَلْقَةٌ. b2: Also Camels branded with the mark termed حَلْقَةٌ; (K;) and so ↓ مُحَلَّقَةٌ. (S, K.) حَلْقَةٌ [A single act of shaving]. One says to a beloved child, when he belches, حَلْقَةً وَكَبْرَةً

وَشَحْمَةً فِى السُّرَّةِ, i. e. May thy head be shaven time after time, (Ibn-'Abbád, K, *) so that thou mayest grow old, (Ibn-'Abbád, TA,) [and acquire fat at the navel:] or mayest thou be preserved so as to have thy head shaven, and to grow old. (A, TA.) A2: As meaning A ring; i. e. anything circular; as a حلقة of iron, and of silver, and of gold; (TA;) a حلقة of a coat of mail, &c.; (Mgh;) the حلقة of a door; and a حلقة of people; (S, K;) in this last instance meaning a ring of people; (Msb, TA;) it is also with fet-h to the ل; i. e. ↓ حَلَقَةٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) mentioned by Yoo, on the authority of Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (S, Msb,) and with kesr; (K;) i. e. ↓ حَلِقَةٌ; mentioned by Fr and El-Umawee, as of the dial. of Belhárith Ibn-Kaab; accord. to the O; or ↓ حِلْقَةٌ, accord. to the L: (TA:) or there is no such word as ↓ حَلَقَةٌ, (S, K,) in chaste speech, (TA,) except as pl. of حَالِقٌ; (S, K;) accord. to Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee; (S;) or it is a dial. var. of weak authority; (K;) accord. to Th, allowed by all, though of weak authority; (S;) or it is used by poetic license; (Mgh:) Lh says that the حلقة of a door is حَلْقَةٌ and ↓ حَلَقَةٌ; Kr says the same of the حلقة of a company of men; Lth says that it is the former in this case, but that some say the latter; A 'Obeyd prefers the latter in the case of a حلقة of iron, but allows the former; and prefers the former in the case of a حلقة of people, but allows the latter; and Abu-l-'Abbás prefers the former in both cases, but allows the latter: (L:) the pl. is ↓ حَلَقٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is anomalous in relation to حَلْقَةٌ, (S, Msb,) or [rather] a quasipl. n., (TA,) but regular in relation to حَلَقَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) [as a coll. gen. n.,] like قَصَبٌ in relation to قَصَبَةٌ; (Msb;) and, (K,) accord. to As, (S,) حِلَقٌ, (S, K,) as pl. of حَلْقَةٌ meaning a حلقة of men and of iron, (TA,) like بِدَرٌ (S, K) pl. of بَدْرَةٌ, and قِصَعٌ pl. of قَصْعَةٌ; (S;) or this is a regular pl. of حِلْقَةٌ; (TA;) and حَلَقَاتٌ, (AA, Yoo, S, K,) which is pl. of حَلَقَةٌ; (TA;) and حِلَقَاتٌ, (K,) which is pl. of حِلْقَةٌ; (TA;) and حِلَاقٌ in relation to a company of men. (TA.) You say, اِنْتَزَعْتُ حَلْقَتَهُ [lit. I pulled off his ring], meaning, (app., Ibn-'Abbád,) (assumed tropical:) I outwent him, or preceded him. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) and كَالحَلْقَةِ المُفْرَغَةِ [Like the solid and continuous ring]: a prov., applied to a company of men united in words and action. (TA.) And ضَرَبُوا بُيُوتَهُمْ حِلَاقًا They pitched their tents in one series, (K, TA,) so as to form a ring [or rings]: the last word being a pl. of حَلْقَةٌ or of حلقَةٌ. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., نُهِىَ عَنِ الحِلَقِ قَبْلَ الصَّلَاةِ, i. e. Rings of men [sitting in the mosque before prayer are forbidden]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] حَلْقَتَا الرَّحِمِ (tropical:) [The two rings of the womb]: one of these is the mouth of the vulva, at its extremity; [the meatus of the vagina:] and the other is that which closes upon the مَآء [or seminal fluid] and opens for the menstrual discharge; [the os uteri:] (K:) or, as some say, the other is that whence the urine is emitted; [the meatus urinarius: but the former is the right explanation: and hence] one says, مَآء

النُّطْفَةُ فِى حَلْقَةِ الرَّحِمِ (tropical:) The seminal fluid fell into the entrance of the womb. (TA.) [Hence also,] حَلْقَةُ الدُّبُرِ (assumed tropical:) The anus; syn. حِتَارُهُ and شَرَجُهُ. (Mgh in art. شرج.) [See also خَاتَمٌ, last sentence but two.] b3: حَلْقَةٌ also signifies A brand upon camels, (K, TA,) of a round form, like the حلقة [or ring] of a door. (TA.) b4: And A coat of mail: [because made of rings:] (K:) or coats of mail: (S, Mgh:) or arms, or weapons, in general, (M, Mgh, Msb,) and coats of mail, and the like. (M, TA.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّكُمْ

أَهْلُ الحَلْقَةِ والحُصُونِ [Verily ye are people of the coat of mail, &c., and of fortresses]. (TA.) b5: And A rope. (K, TA.) b6: And, of a vessel, (Az, K,) and of a watering-trough, (Az,) (tropical:) The portion that remains vacant after one has put in it somewhat (Az, K) of food or beverage, up to the half; the portion that is above the half being thus called: (Az:) [or] of a wateringtrough, (tropical:) the fulness; or less than that. (Aboo-Málik, K.) One says, وَفَّيْتُ حَلْقَةَ الحَوْضِ and الإِنَآءَ (tropical:) [I filled up the حلقة of the watering-trough and of the vessel]. (Az, TA.) حِلْقَةٌ: see حَلْقَةٌ.

حَلَقَةٌ: see حَلْقَةٌ, in three places.

حَلِقَةٌ: see حَلْقَةٌ.

حَلْقَى: see 1, in six places.

حَلْقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the حَلْق; faucial; guttural]. الحُرُوفُ الحَلْقِيَّةُ [The faucial, or guttural, letters] are six; namely, ء and ه, to which are appropriated the furthest part of the حَلْق; and ع and ح, to which are appropriated the middle thereof; and غ and خ, to which are appropriated the nearest part thereof. (TA.) بُسْرٌ حُلْقَانُ (assumed tropical:) Ripening dates that have become ripe as far as the حَلْق; which is said by some to be near the base: (TA:) or that have begun to be ripe (K in art. حلقن) next the base; (TA in that art.;) and so ↓ رُطَبٌ مُحَلْقِمٌ; and a single date in that state is termed ↓ رُطَبَةٌ حُلْقَامَةٌ: (K in art. حلقم:) or ripening dates that have become ripe to the extent of two thirds; as also ↓ مُحَلْقِنٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ مُحَلِّقٌ, (K, TA,) like مُحَدِّثٌ: (TA:) [in the CK مُحَلَّق, like مُعَظَّم:]) and the last signifies, (K,) accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (TA,) dates partly ripe (K, TA) and partly unripe: (TA:) n. un. with ة: (S, K:) such dates are also termed ↓ حَوَالِيقُ, held by ISd to be a kind of rel. n., [as though pl. of حَالِقَةٌ,] though the reason of the insertion of the ى in this word, he says, was unknown to him: (TA:) and ↓ رُطَبٌ حُلْقَانِىٌّ: (TA from a trad.:) the pl. of مُحَلِّقٌ is مَحَالِيقُ. (TA.) حُلْقُومٌ: see حَلْقٌ, in two places.

رُطَبَةٌ حُلْقَامَةٌ: see حُلْقَانٌ.

رُطَبٌ حُلْقَانِىٌّ: see حُلْقَانٌ.

حَلَاقِ, (S, K,) indecl., with kesr for its termination, because changed from its original form, which is حَالِقَةٌ, of the fem. gender, and an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant; (S;) (tropical:) Death (S, K, TA) that peels [people] off; (TA;) as also حَلَاقٌ, (K,) allowed by Ibn-'Abbád; and, accord. to the Tekmileh, ↓ حِلَاقٌ also. (TA.) One says, سُقُوا بِكَأْسِ حَلَاقِ (tropical:) [They were given to drink the cup of death]. (ISd, TA.) [See also جَعَارِ.]

حُلَاقٌ Pain in the حَلْق [or fauces]. (S, K.) حِلَاقٌ: see حَلَاقِ.

رَأْسٌ حَلِيقٌ i. q. ↓ مَحْلُوقٌ [A shaven head]: (ISd, TA:) and شَعَرٌ حَلِيقٌ [hair shaven off]: (Az, S:) and لِحْيَةٌ حَلِيقٌ [a beard shaven off]; not حَلِيقَةٌ: (Az, S, K:) and ↓ عَنْزٌ مَحْلُوقَةٌ [a shorn she-goat]. (Az, S.) The pl. of حَلِيقٌ is [حَلْقِى and] حِلَاقٌ. (TA.) حُلَاقَةٌ Shorn hair of a goat. (S, K.) حَلَّاقٌ: see what next follows.

حَالِقٌ [Shaving: and] a shaver; (S, TA;) and a shearer of goats: (T, TA:) pl. حَلَقَةٌ: (T, S, K:) and ↓ حَلَّاقٌ is syn. with حَالِقٌ; (TA;) [or has an intensive signification, or denotes frequency of the action.] The saying لَا تَفْعَلْ ذَاكَ أُمُّكَ حَالِقٌ means [Do not thou that:] may God cause thy mother to be bereft of her child so that she shall shave off her hair. (S.) And حَالِقَةٌ occurs in a trad. as an epithet applied to a woman cursed by Mohammad; (TA;) meaning One who shaves off her hair in the case of an affliction: (K, TA:) or who shares her face for the sake of embellishment. (TA.) It is also applied to a wound on the head (شَجَّةٌ) That scrapes off the skin from the flesh. (TA in art. دمغ.) b2: (tropical:) Sharp; applied to a knife: (TA:) and so ↓ حَالُوقَةٌ; applied to a sword; and also to a man. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) [Hence, perhaps,] فُلَانٌ حَالِقٌ إِلَىَّ بِعَيْنِهِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is looking at me intently, or sharply; as also ↓ مُحَلِّقٌ. (T, TA in art. زنر.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Quick, or swift; and light, active, or agile. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; slender, and lean; or lean, and lank in the belly. (TA.) b5: Accord. to A'Obeyd and the K, it means An udder: and accord. to the K, it means also full: (TA:) but it is an epithet applied to an udder; and thus applied, it has this latter meaning, i. e. (tropical:) full; (T, S, TA;) so ISd thinks; (TA;) as though the milk in it reached to its حَلْق: (S, TA:) or big, so that it rubs off the hair of the thighs by reason of its bigness: (TA:) and it has also the contr. meaning; (T, TA;) raised (IAar, T, Kr, ISd, TA) towards the belly, (Kr, ISd, TA,) and contracted, (T, Kr, ISd, TA,) so that its milk has become scanty, (IAar, T, TA,) or has gone away: (Kr, ISd, TA:) pl. حُلَّقٌ and حَوَالِقُ (S, TA) and حَلَقَةٌ. (TA. [The last is mentioned as pl. of حالق in the latter sense.]) Accord. to As, أَصْبَحَتْ ضَرَّةُ النَّاقَةِ حَالِقًا means (assumed tropical:) The she-camel's udder became nearly full. (TA.) And one says نَاقَةٌ حَالقٌ meaning A she-camel having much milk: (TA:) or having great abundance of milk, and a large udder: and ↓ إبِلٌ مُحَلِّقَةٌ camels having much milk: (En-Nadr, TA:) and the pl. of حالق is حَوَالِقُ and حُلَّقٌ. (TA.) b6: (tropical:) A high mountain, (S, K, TA,) rising above what surrounds it, and without vegetable produce: or, as some say, a mountain having no vegetable produce; as though it were shaven, or shorn; of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: but Z says that it is from حَلَّقَ, said of a bird: (TA:) and a high, or an overtopping or overlooking, place. (S.) One says also, هَوَى مِنْ حَالِقٍ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He fell from a high to a low place. (Har p. 37.) And its pl. حُلُقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The vacant spaces between heaven and earth. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Unlucky (K, TA) to a people; as though peeling them; and so ↓ حَالِقَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but correctly ↓ حَالُوقَةٌ, as in the O and Tekmileh. (TA.) A3: A tendril, or twining portion, of a grape-vine, (S, K, TA,) and of a colocynth and the like, (TA,) hanging to the shoots: (S, K, TA:) because it has a circular form, like a حَلْقَة [or ring]. (T, TA.) حَالِقَةٌ [an epithet (being fem. of حَالِقٌ q. v.) in which the quality of a subst. predominates] (tropical:) A year of drought, barrenness, or dearth: so in the saying, وَقَعَتْ فِيهِمْ حَالِقَةٌ لَا تَدَعُ شَيْئًا إِلَّا أَهْلَكَتْهُ (tropical:) [A year of drought, &c., happened among them, not leaving anything without its destroying it]. (TA.) b2: And الحَالِقَةُ (tropical:) The cutting, or abandoning, or forsaking, of kindred, or relations; syn. قَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ; (Khálid Ibn-Jenebeh, K, TA;) and mutual wronging, and evil-speaking: (Khálid Ibn-Jenebeh, TA:) or that which destroys, and utterly cuts off, religion; like as the razor utterly cuts off hair: occurring in a trad., in which البَغْضَآءُ [i. e. vehement hatred] and الحَالِقَةُ are termed the disease of the nations (دَآءُ الأُمَمِ). (TA.) b3: See also حَالِقٌ, last sentence but one.

حَالُوقَةٌ: see حَالِقٌ, fifth sentence, and last sentence but one.

حَوَالِيقُ: see حُلْقَانٌ مِحْلَقٌ A razor; (K;) the instrument of shaving. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] كِسَآءٌ مِحْلَقٌ (S, K) (assumed tropical:) A very rough [garment of the kind called] كساء; (K, TA;) as though it shaved off the hair, (S, K,) by reason of its roughness: pl. مَحَالِقُ. (S.) المُحَلَّقُ The place of the shaving of the head, in [the valley of] Minè. (Lth, K.) A2: مُحَلَّقَةٌ, applied to camels: see حَلَقٌ.

مُحَلِّقٌ: see حُلْقَانٌ: b2: and حَالِقٌ, in two places. b3: Also A vessel less than full. (K.) b4: (assumed tropical:) Lean, or emaciated; applied to sheep or goats. (Ib-'Abbád, K.) b5: فَلَاةٌ مُحَلِّقٌ (assumed tropical:) A desert in which is no water. (TA.) مَحْلُوقٌ: see حَلِيقٌ, in two places.

مُحَلْقِمٌ: see حُلْقَانٌ.

مُحَلْقِنٌ: see حُلْقَانٌ.

حرف

حرف

1 حَرَفَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, (AO, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) or ـِ (K,) inf. n. حَرْفٌ, (S, Msb,) He turned the thing from its proper way, or manner: (K:) or altered it therefrom: (Msb:) and ↓ حرّفهُ, inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ, has this latter meaning: (K, * TA:) or has an intensive signification of this kind. (Msb.) الكَلِمِ عَنْ ↓ تَحْرِيفُ مَوَاضِعِهِ signifies The altering words from their proper meanings: (S, * TA:) and agreeably with this explanation, the verb is used in the Kur iv. 48, &c.: (TA:) or تحريف signifies the perverting of language: (Msb:) or the altering a word in form; as in writing بُرْدٌ for بَرْدٌ; or vice versâ: (KT:) [and the mistranscribing a word in any manner: commonly used in this sense in the lexicons &c.: or the altering a word by substituting one letter, or more, for another, or others. See also صَحَّفَ.]

A2: See also 7.

A3: حَرَفَ لِعِيَالِهِ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (As, S, K,) or ـُ (Msb,) He earned or gained [subsistence], or laboured to do so, for his family, or household, (As, S, Msb, K,) from this and that quarter; (As, S;) as also ↓ احترف: (Mgh, * Msb, TA:) and بِيَدَيْهِ ↓ احترف [he earned, or gained, with his hands]: and لِعِيَالِهِ ↓ تحرّف he applied himself to earn or gain [subsistence] for his family, or household, by means of any, or every, art or craft: (TA:) and ↓ احرف he laboured, or sought gain or sustenance, for his household, or family; expl. by كَدَّ عَلَى عِيَالِهِ. (IAar, K.) A4: حَرَفَ عَيْنُهُ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, (K,) not an inf. n. of un., (TA,) He applied collyrium to his eye (K, TA) with the [style called] مِيل. (TA.) A5: حُرِفَ فِى مَالِهِ, inf. n. حَرْفَةٌ, He suffered the loss of somewhat of his property. (Lh, K.) 2 حَرَّفَ see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] طَاعُونٌ يُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبَ [A pestilence] causing the hearts [of those witnessing its effects] to turn away, and be aloof: (K:) occurring in a trad.: or, accord. to one relation, يُحَوِّفُ القلوب, (TA,) i. e., turning the hearts from confidence, and inclining them to removal and flight. (K and TA in art. حوف.) b3: تَحْرِيفُ القَلَمِ The nibbing the writing-reed obliquely; (S, * K, * TA;) making the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) You say also, حَرَّفَ القَطَّةَ [He made the nibbing oblique]. (TA.) and حرّف السِّكِّينَ فِى حَالِ القَطِّ [He turned the knife obliquely in nibbing]. (TA.) b4: See also 7. b5: تَحْرِيفٌ also signifies The putting in motion, or into a state of commotion; syn. تَحْرِيكٌ. (TA.) b6: قَالَ بِيَدِهِ فَحَرَّفَهَا كَأَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ القَتْلَ, in a trad., means [He made a sign with his hand,] and imitated with it the cutting of a sword with its edge. (TA.) 3 حُورِفَ He was debarred from the means of subsistence; because he of whom this is said is aloof (بِحَرْفٍ) from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) And حُورِفَ كَسْبُ فُلَانٍ Such a one was made to experience difficulty (S, TA) in his buying and selling, and was straitened (TA) in his means of subsistence; as though his means of subsistence were turned away from him: (S, TA:) or he had his gain, or earnings, turned away from him. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-Mes'ood, مَوْتُ المُؤْمِنِ عَرَقُ الجَبِينِ تَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ البَقِيَّةِمِنَ الذُّنُوبِ فَيُحَارِفُ بِهَا عِنْدَ المَوْتِ, i. e. [The death of the believer is accompanied with sweating of the side of the forehead: some sins remain chargeable against him, and] he is made to experience difficulty by them [in dying], in order that his sins may be diminished. (S.) A2: مُحَارَفَةٌ has also a meaning like مُفَاخَرَةٌ: Sá'ideh says, فَقَدْ عَلِمُوا فِى الغَزْوِ كَيْفَ نُحَارِفُ [And they certainly know, in warfare, how we vie for superiority in glory: or] accord. to Skr, it means how we deal with them; as when one says to a man, What is thy حِرْفَة (i. e. thine occupation) and thy lineage? (TA:) [or the meaning may be how we requite; for]

A3: حارفهُ بِسُوْءٍ signifies He requited him for evil (K, TA) that he had done. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., إِنَّ العَبْدِ لَيُحَارَفُ عَنْ عَمَلِهِ الخَيْرَ أَوْ الشَّرَّ, i. e. [Verily the servant] shall be requited [for his deed; the good I mean, or the evil]. (IAar, TA.) And ↓ احرف also signifies He requited for good or evil. (IAar, K.) A4: مُحَارَفَةٌ signifies also The measuring a wound with the مِحْرَاف, i. e. the probe. (K, * TA.) 4 احرف: see 1. b2: Also, (inf. n. إِحْرَافٌ, Msb,) His مال [or cattle] increased, and became in a good state or condition. (Az, S, Msb, K.) One says, جَآءَ بِالحَقِ وَالإِحْرَافِ, meaning He came with, or brought, much cattle. (Az, S. [See حِلْقٌ.]) A2: He emaciated, or rendered lean, a she-camel: so says As: others say احرث. (S.) [See حَرْفٌ: and see حَرِيثَةٌ.]

A3: See also 3, last sentence but one.5 تَحَرَّفَ see 7: b2: and see also 1.7 انحرف [It became turned, or altered, from its proper way, or manner; quasi-pass. of 1 in the first of the senses explained above: and] he turned aside; (Az, S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تحرّف; (Az, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ احرورف; (Az, S, K;) and ↓ حَرَفَ, inf. n. حَرْفٌ; (TA;) عَنْهُ from it. (Az, S, Msb, TA.) [Hence,] one says, انحرف مِزَاجَهُ [His temperament, or constitution, became disordered]; as also ↓ حَرَّفَ, [app. a mistranscription for حُرِّفَ,] inf. n. تَحْرِيفٌ. (TA.) [And انحرف عَلَيْهِ He turned against him, with enmity, or anger.] And انحرف إِلَيْهِ He turned to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) 8 إِحْتَرَفَ see 1, in two places.12 إِحْرَوْرَفَ see 7.

حَرْفٌ The extremity, verge, border, margin, brink, brow, side, or edge, (S, Mgh, * K, TA,) of anything; (S, K;) as, for instance, the side of a river or rivulet, and of a ship or boat, (TA,) and of the notch of an arrow; (Msb;) and the edge of a sword: (L, TA:) pl. [of mult. حُرُوفٌ, and of pauc.] أَحْرُفٌ. (TA.) Hence, (S,) [A point, a ridge, a brow, and a ledge, of a mountain:] the pointed, sharp, or edged, summit of a mountain: (S, Msb, K:) a projecting portion in the side of a mountain, in form like a small دُكَّان [i. e. bench] or the like: and a portion in the summit of a mountain, having a thin edge, or ridge, rising above the upper part of the back: (Sh, TA:) pl. (of the word thus used in relation to a mountain, TA) حِرَفٌ; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) accord. to Fr, (Msb,) the only instance of the kind except طِلَلٌ as pl. of طَلٌّ. (Msb, K.) [Hence, also,] A nib, of a writing-reed, obliquely cut: so in the phrase قَلَمٌ لَا حَرْفَ لَهُ, in the S and K in art. جزم, a writingreed not having a nib obliquely cut. (TA in that art. [See 2 in the present art.]) And حَرْفَا الرَّأْسِ The two lateral halves of the head. (TA.) [Hence, also, the phrase] فُلَانٌ عَلَى حَرْفٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ [and بِحَرْفٍ مِنْهُ (see 3, first sentence,)] Such a one is [standing] aloof with respect to his affair, (عَلَى نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهُ, ISd, TA,) [in suspense,] waiting, and looking to the result, if he see, in regarding it from one side, what he likes; (TA;) turning from it if he see what does not please him. (ISd, TA.) The saying, in the Kur xxii. 11, وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَعْبُدُ اللّٰهَ عَلَى حَرْفٍ means And of men is he who serves God standing aloof with respect to religion, in a fluctuating state, like him who is in the outskirts of the army, who, if sure of victory and spoil, stands firm, and otherwise flees: (Ksh, Bd: *) or the meaning is, who serves God in doubt, or suspense, (Zj, K, Jel,) being unsteady like him who alights and abides upon the حَرْف [i. e. point, or ridge, or brow,] of a mountain: (Jel:) or in a state of disquietude respecting his case; (Ibn-'Arafeh, K;) i. e. not entering into the religion firmly, or steadily: (K:) or who serves God in one mode of circumstances; i. e. when in ample circumstances, and not when straitened in circumstances; (Az, S, K;) as though good fortune and plenty were one side, and an evil state were another side: (Az, TA:) [hence,] حَرْفٌ sometimes signifies a mode, or manner, and a way. (Msb.) b2: A letter of the alphabet: pl. حُرُوفٌ: (S, Msb, K:) the letters being thus called because they are the extremities of the word [and of the syllable]. (Kull.) The saying of the lawyers, تُبْطَلُ الصَّلَاةَ بِحَرْفٍ مُفْهِمٍ [Prayer is made null by a significant letter] means only by an imperative of a verb of which the first and last radical letters are infirm; such as فِ from وَفَى, and قِ from وَقَى, and the like. (Msb.) b3: As a grammatical term, (assumed tropical:) [A particle; i. e.] what is used to express a meaning, and is not a noun nor a verb: every other definition of it is bad: (K:) pl. حُرُوفٌ. (Msb, &c.) b4: And (tropical:) A word [absolutely: often used in this sense in lexicons &c.]. (Kull.) b5: A dialect, an idiom, or a mode of expression, peculiar to certain of the Arabs: pl. [of pauc.]

أَحْرُفٌ: so in the saying (of Mohammad, TA) نَزَلَ القُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ The Kur-án has been revealed according to seven dialects, of the dialects of the Arabs: (A'Obeyd, Az, IAth, K:) or this means, according to seven modes, or manners, (Mgh, Msb,) of reading: whence فُلَانٌ يَقْرَأُ بِحَرْفِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ Such a one reads in the manner of reading of Ibn-Mes'ood. (Mgh.) A2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) Lean, or light of flesh; or lean, and lank in the belly; (S, K;) and firm, strong, or hardy; likened to the حَرْف of a mountain; (S;) or to the حرف of a sword, (Z, O, TA,) in respect of her leanness, or thinness, and her sharpness and effectiveness in pace; (Z, TA;) or to a letter of the alphabet, meaning the letter ا, in respect of her leanness: (TA:) or excellent, or high-bred, or strong and light and swift, sharp and effective in pace, rendered lean by journeyings; likened to the حرف of a sword: (L:) or emaciated: (S, K:) so As used to say: (S:) but this is inconsistent with Dhu-r-Rummeh's description of a she-camel by the epithets جُمَالِيَّةٌ حَرْفٌ سِنَادٌ: (TA:) [see حَرِيثَةٌ:] or [in the CK “ and ”] great; big; of great size; (K, TA;) likened to the حرف of a mountain: (TA:) it is applied only to a she-camel: one may not say جَمَلٌ حَرْفٌ. (IAar, TA.) حُرْفٌ and ↓ حِرْفَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ حُرْفَةٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ حِرَافٌ (TA) Ill-fatedness; privation of prosperity; or the being denied prosperity; syn. حِرْمَانٌ [as inf. n. of حُرِمَ]: (K, TA:) lack of good fortune, so that one has no increase of his cattle or other property: (S:) debarment from the means of subsistence. (Mgh.) Hence the saying of 'Omar, أَحَدِهِمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَىَّ مِنْ عَيْلَتِهِ ↓ لِحِرْفَةُ, (S, K,) or, accord. to one reading, ↓ لَحُرْفَةُ, (TA,) [Verily the ill-fatedness of any one of them is more distressing to me than his poverty:] i. e., the supplying the wants of the poor man is easier to me than the making the bad to thrive: or the meaning is, the want of the means of gaining subsistence by any one of them, and grief on that account, is more distressing to me than his poverty: so in the Nh. (TA.) A2: الحُرْفُ A certain grain, resembling الخَرْدَل [or mustard]; (Az, Msb, TA;) called by the vulgar, (AHn, TA,) or in the dial. of El-'Irák, (TA in art. رشد,) حَبُّ الرَّشَادِ, (AHn, S, K,) or الرَّشَادُ: (Msb:) n. un. with ة, (TA,) applied to a single grain thereof. (Msb.) [See art. رشد.] Hence حِرِّيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, Msb.) حُرْفَةٌ: see حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حِرْفَةٌ A craft, or handicraft, (S, K, TA,) by which one gains his subsistence; a mode, or manner, of gain; any habitual work or occupation of a man; because he turns (يَنْحَرِفُ, K, i. e. يَمِيلُ, TA) to it; (K, TA;) a subst. from اِحْتَرَفَ: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. حِرَفٌ. (TA.) A2: See also حُرْفٌ, in two places.

حُرْفِىٌّ A seller of الحُرْف, i. e. حَبّ الرَّشَاد. (K.) حِرَافٌ: see حُرْفٌ.

حَرِيفٌ A fellow-worker, syn. مُعَامِلٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) in one's craft or ordinary occupation: (K:) and an associate: (KL:) pl. حُرَفَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: It is mostly used by foreigners as meaning A companion in drinking: and by most of the Turks, as implying vituperation; [like our term “ fel-low; ”] so that when any one of them addresses another by this epithet, he is angry. (TA.) حَرَافَةٌ The quality, or property, of burning, or biting, the tongue; acritude. (S, Msb, TA.) حِرِّيفٌ, from الحُرْفُ, Burning, or biting, to the tongue: (S, Msb, TA:) it is applied in this sense to an onion, and to other things: one should not say حَرِّيفٌ. (S, TA.) مَحْرِفٌ A place to which to turn away, or back, from a thing. (AO, S, K.) So in the saying, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَحْرِفٌ [I have no place to which to turn away, or back, from this thing]. (AO, S, K. *) b2: Also, and ↓ مُحْتَرَفٌ, A place in which a man earns or gains [subsistence], or labours to do so, and employs himself as he pleases, or follows his various pursuits. (K.) مُحْرِفٌ A man whose property increases, and becomes in a good state or condition; or whose cattle increase &c. (S, Msb.) مِحْرَفٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مِحْرَفَةٌ: see مِحْرَافٌ.

مُحَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: ] One whose property has gone. (TA.) b3: A writing-reed nibbed obliquely; having the right tooth of the nib higher [i. e. longer] than the left. (TA.) مُحَرِّفُ القُلُوبِ, applied to God, The Turner, or Incliner, of hearts: or the Mover of hearts: (TA:) or the Remover of hearts. (Fr, TA voce مُحَرِّك, q. v.) مِحْرَافٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مِحْرَفٌ, (L, TA,) or ↓ مِحْرَفَةٌ, (Akh, TA,) A probe with which the depth of a wound is measured: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first مَحَارِيفُ; and [of the second, or,] accord. to Akh, of the last, مَحَارِفُ. (TA.) مُحَارَفٌ Prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; withheld from good fortune, or from sustenance; denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; lacking good fortune; having no increase of his cattle or other property; (S, Mgh, * K; *) contr. of مُبَارَكٌ: (S:) or having his gain, or earnings, turned away from him: (Msb:) or who obtains not good from a quarter to which he betakes himself: or scanted in his means of subsistence: or who works not, or labours not, to earn, or gain: or who earns, or gains, with his hands, but not enough for the support of himself and his household or family: (TA:) مُخَارَفٌ and مُجَارَفٌ are dial. vars. thereof. (TA in art. خرف.) مُحْتَرَفٌ: see مَحْرِفٌ.

مُحْتَرِفٌ A handicraftsman; a worker with his hands. (S, TA.) مُتَحَرِّفًا لِقِتَالٍ, in the Kur [viii. 16], means Turning away for the purpose of returning to fight: the doing which is one of the stratagems of war. (Mgh, Msb. *)

رحم

رحم

1 رَحِمَهُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَحْمَةٌ and رُحْمٌ [and رَحَمَةٌ and رُحُمٌ] and مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) [He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he treated him, or regarded him, with mercy or pity or compassion; i. e.] he was, or became, tender [or tender-hearted] towards him; and inclined to favour him [and to benefit him]: (S, Msb, K: [see also رَخِمَهُ and رَخَمَهُ:]) and he pardoned him, or forgave him: (K:) said of a man: (S, Msb, K:) and also of God [in the former sense, but tropically, or anthropopathically: or as meaning He favoured him, or benefited him; or pardoned, or forgave, him: see explanations of رَحْمَةٌ below]: (Msb, K:) and عَلَيْهِ ↓ ترحّم signifies the same, (MA, [and the same seems to be indicated in the S,]) said of a man: (S:) [and so does ↓ ترحّمهُ, (occurring in the S and K in art. رعى, &c.,) accord. to Ibn-Maaroof, for he says that] تَرَحُّمٌ signifies the regarding [another] with mercy or pity or compassion; or pardoning [him], or forgiving [him]: and also the being merciful or pitiful or compassionate or favourably inclined [عَلَى غَيْرِهِ to another]. (KL: but respecting this latter verb, see 2.) A2: رَحُمَتْ, and رَحِمَتْ, (S, K,) and رُحِمَتْ, (K,) inf. n. رَحَامَةٌ, (S, K,) which is of the first, (S, TA,) and رَحَمٌ, (S, K,) which is of the second, (S, TA,) and رَحْمٌ, (K,) which is of the third, (TA,) She had a complaint of her womb after bringing forth, (S, K,) and died in consequence thereof: (K:) said of a camel, (S, TA,) and of a ewe or goat, and of a woman, and of any animal having a womb: (TA:) or she had a disease in her womb, in consequence of which she did not receive impregnation: or she brought forth without letting fall her secundine: (K, TA:) or, accord. to Lh, the bringing forth without letting fall her secundine, by a sheep or goat, is termed ↓ رُحَامٌ. (TA.) b2: رَحِمَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَحَمٌ, is also said of a water-skin, meaning It was left, or neglected, by its owners, after its being seasoned with rob, [for غيته, in the phrase بعد غيته, an evident mistranscription, I read, conjecturally, تَمْتِينِهِ, as the only word at all resembling غيته, that I can call to mind, having an apposite signification,] and they did not anoint it, or grease it, so that it became spoilt, or in a bad state, and did not retain the water: the epithet applied to it in this case is ↓ رَحِمٌ. (TA.) b3: and رَحَامَةٌ is also an inf. n. [of which the verb, if it have one, is app. رَحُمَ,] signifying The being connected by relationship. (TA.) 2 رحّم عَلَيْهِ, inf. n. تَرْحِيمٌ; and ↓ ترحّم; but the former is the more chaste; He said to him, رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ [May God have mercy on thee; &c.]. (K.) 5 ترحّم عَلَيْهِ and ترحّمهُ: for both see 1; and for the former see also 2. [Accord. to different authorities, it appears that both may be rendered He had mercy, or pity, or compassion, on him; or he pitied, or compassionated, him: (see 1:) or he pitied him, or compassionated him, much: (see what follows:) and the former, he said to him, May God have mercy on thee; &c.; (see 2;) or he expressed a wish that God would have mercy on him; or he expressed pity, or compassion, for him: and also he affected, or constrained himself to have or to show, pity, or compassion.] Though تَرَحَّمْتُ عَلَيْهِ is mentioned by J, and not رَحَّمّهُ, some say that the former is incorrect: and it is said that تَرَحُّمٌ implies self-constraint, and therefore is not to be attributed to God: but some repudiate this assertion, because it occurs in correct traditions, and because تَفَعُّلٌ is not restricted to the denoting peculiarly self-constraint, but has other properties, as in the instances of تَوَحُّدٌ and تَكَبُّرٌ, denoting intensiveness and muchness. (TA.) 6 تراحموا signifies رَحِمَ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا [They had mercy, or pity, or compassion, one on another; &c.]. (S, TA.) 10 استرحمهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الرَّحْمَة [i. e. mercy, or pity, or compassion; &c.]. (TA.) رَحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رُحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحْمَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] أُمُّ رُحْمٍ

one of the names of Mekkeh; (S, K; *) as also أُمُّ الرُّحْمِ; (K;) meaning the source of الرَّحْمَة [or mercy, &c.]. (TA.) [See also زُحْمٌ.]

رِحْمٌ: see its syn. رَحِمٌ, in two places.

رَحَمٌ The coming forth of the womb, in consequence of a disease. (IAar, TA.) [See also رَحِمَتْ and رَحِمَ, of each of which it is an inf. n.]

رَحِمٌ The womb, i. e. the place of origin, (Mgh, Msb, K,) and the receptacle, (Mgh, K,) of the young, (Mgh, Msb, K,) in the belly; (Mgh;) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ, (Msb, K,) a contraction of the former, and ↓ رَحْمٌ, which is of the dial. of Benoo-Kiláb: (Msb:) in this sense, (Msb,) which is the primary signification, (Mgh,) [i. e.] as meaning the رَحِم of the female, (S,) it is fem.; (S, Msb;) or, as some say, masc.; (Msb;) but IB cites a verse in which رِحْم is fem.: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَامٌ. (MA.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) as also ↓ رِحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحْمٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) Relationship; i. e. nearness of kin; syn. قَرَابَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) [by some restricted to relationship by the female side; as will be shown below:] and connexion by birth: (Mgh, Msb:) or relationship connecting with a father or an ancestor: or near relationship: so in the T: (TA:) or a connexion, or tie, of relationship: (A, TA:) or the ties of relationship: (M, K, TA:) accord. to the K, الرَّحِمُ signifies القَرَابَةُ or أَصْلُهَا and أَسْبَابُهَا: but in the M it is said, الرَّحِمُ أَسْبَابُ القَرَابَةِ وَأَصْلُهَا الرَّحِمُ الَّتِى هِىَ مَنْبِتُ الوَلَدِ; in which وَأَصْلُهَا forms no part of the explanation of الرحم, as the author of the K asserts it to do: (TA:) as meaning relationship, رحم is in most instances masc.: (Msb:) pl. as above. (K.) It is said in a holy tradition (حَدِيث قُدْسِىّ [i. e. an inspired or a revealed tradition]) that God said, when He created الرَّحِم [meaning “ relationship,” &c.], أَنَا الَّحْمٰنُ وَأَنْتَ الرَّحِمُ شَقَقْتُ اسْمَكَ مِنِ اسْمِى فَمَنْ وَصَلَكَ وَصَلْتُهُ وَمَنْ قَطَعَكَ قَطَعْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) [I am الرحمٰن and thou art الرحم: I have derived thy name from my name: therefore whoso maketh thee close, I will make him close; and who severeth thee, I will sever him]. (TA.) [وَصَلَ رَحِمَهُ means (assumed tropical:) He made close his tie, or ties, of relationship, by kind behaviour to his kindred: and قَطَعَ رَحِمَهُ, He severed his tie, or ties, of relationship, by unkind behaviour to his kindred: see art. وصل: and see also بَلَّ رَحِمَهُ, in the first paragraph of art. بل; and a verse there cited.] b3: ذُو الرَّحِمِ means (assumed tropical:) [The possessor of relationship, &c.; i. e.] the contr. of الأَجْنَبِىُّ: (Mgh, Msb:) the pl. ذَوُو الأَرْحَامِ, [or, as in the Kur viii. last verse, and xxxiii. 6, أُولُو الأَرْحَامِ,] in the classical language, means any relations: and in law, any relations that have no portion [of the inheritances termed فَرَائِض] and are not [such heirs as are designated by the appellation]

عَصَبَة [q. v.]; (KT, TA in art. ذو;) [i. e.,] with respect to the فَرَائِض, it means the relations by the women's side. (IAth, TA in the present art.) ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ and [some say] مُحَرَّمٍ [and ذُو رَحِمٍ

مَحْرَمٌ also (see art. حرم)] mean (assumed tropical:) A relation whom it is unlawful to marry, [whether male or female, the latter being included with the former, but the female, when particularly meant, is termed ذَاتُ رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ &c.,] such as the mother and the daughter and the sister and the paternal aunt and the maternal aunt [and the male relations of such degrees]: and most of the learned, of the Companions and of the generation following these, and Aboo-Haneefeh and his companions, and Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], hold that when one possesses a person that is termed ذُو رَحِمٍ مَحْرَمٍ, this person becomes emancipated, whether male or female; but Esh-Sháfi'ee and others of the Imáms and of the Companions and of the generation following these hold that the children and the fathers and the mothers become emancipated, and not any others than these. (IAth, TA.) b4: [حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ means (assumed tropical:) A feeling of relationship or consanguinity, or sympathy of blood; and in like manner, elliptically, رَحِمٌ alone. You say, أَطَّتْ لَهُ مِنِّى حَاسَّةُ رَحِمٍ; expl. in art. حس: and أَطَّتْ لَهُ رَحِمِى; and أَطَّتْ بِكَ الرَّحِمُ; expl. in art. اط. b5: رَحِمٌ is also often used for فَرْجٌ or حَيَآءٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) The vulva: see, for exs., شُفْرٌ, and 1 in art. ظآر, and 8 in art. حوص.]

A2: As an epithet, with ة, applied to a she-camel: see رَحُومٌ. b2: And as an epithet without ة, applied to a water-skin: see 1, last sentence but one.

رُحُمٌ: see the next paragraph.

A2: It is also pl. of رَحُومٌ. (TA.) رَحْمَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رَحَمَةٌ (Sb, K) and ↓ رُحْمٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ رُحُمٌ, (S, K,) thus in a verse of Zuheyr, (S, TA,) and thus in the Kur xviii. 80 accord. to the reading of Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà, (TA,) and ↓ مَرْحَمَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of which last مَرَاحِمُ is pl., (TA,) [all inf. ns.; when used as simple substs. signifying Mercy, pity, or compassion; i. e.] tenderness (S, Msb, K, and Bd on the بَسْمَلَة) of heart; (Bd ibid.;) and inclination to favour, (S, Msb, K,) or inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence: (Bd ubi suprà:) and pardon, or forgiveness: (K:) accord. to Er-Rághib, رَحْمَةٌ signifies tenderness requiring the exercise of beneficence towards the object thereof: and it is used sometimes as meaning tenderness divested of any other attribute: and sometimes as meaning beneficence divested of tenderness; as when it is used as an attribute of the Creator: when used as an attribute of men, it means tenderness, and inclination to favour [without necessarily implying beneficence]: accord. to El-Káshánee, it is of two kinds; namely, gratuitous, and obligatory: the former is that which pours forth favours, or benefits, antecedently to works; and this is the رحمة that embraces everything: the obligatory is that which is promised to the pious and the doers of good, in the Kur vii. 155 and vii. 54: but this, he says, is included in the gratuitous, because the promise to bestow it for works is purely gratuitous: accord. to the explanation of the Imám Aboo-Is-hák Ahmad Ibn-Mohammad-Ibn-Ibráheem Eth-Thaalebee, it is God's desire to do good to the deserving thereof; so that it is an essential attribute: or the abstaining from punishing him who deserves punishment, and doing good to him who does not deserve [this]; so that it is an attribute of operation. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [xxi. 75] وَأَدْخَلْنَاهُ فِى رَحْمَتِنَا (tropical:) [And we caused him to enter into our mercy] is tropical: so says IJ. (TA.) b2: وَاللّٰهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَآءُ, in the Kur [ii. 99 and iii. 67], means (assumed tropical:) [And God distinguishes] with his gift of prophecy [whom He will], or his prophetic office or commission. (K, * TA.) b3: رَحْمَةٌ also means (assumed tropical:) Sustenance, or the means of subsistence: this is said to be its meaning as used in the Kur xli. 50. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) Rain: (TA:) so in the Kur vii. 55. (Bd, Jel.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Plenty; or abundance of herbage, and of the goods, conveniences, or comforts, of life: so in the Kur x. 22 and xxx. 35. (TA.) رَحَمَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رُحْمَى [The saying رَحِمَكَ اللّٰهُ May God have mercy on thee; &c.;] a subst. from رَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِ [like بُقْيَا from أَبْقَى عَلَيْهِ]. (K.) رَحْمَآءُ: see رَحُومٌ.

الرَّحْمٰنُ [thus generally written when it has the article ال prefixed to it, but in other cases رَحْمَانُ, imperfectly decl.,] and ↓ الرَّحِيمُ are names [or epithets] applied to God: (TA:) [the former, considered as belonging to a large class of words expressive of passion or sensation, such as غَضْبَانُ and عَطْشَانُ &c., but, being applied to God, as being used tropically, or anthropopathically, may be rendered The Compassionate: ↓ the latter, considered as expressive of a constant attribute with somewhat of intensiveness, agreeably with analogy, may be rendered the Merciful: but they are variously explained: it is said that] they are both names [or epithets] formed to denote intensiveness of signification, from رَحِمَ; like الغَضْبَانُ from غَضِبَ, and العَلِيمُ from عَلِمَ; and الرَّحْمَةُ, in the proper language, is “ tenderness of heart,” and “ inclination requiring the exercise of favour and beneficence; ” but the names of God are only to be taken [or understood] with regard to the ultimate imports, which are actions, exclusively of the primary imports, which may be passions: and the former is more intensive in signification than the latter; the former including in its objects the believer and the unbeliever, and ↓ the latter having for its peculiar object the believer: (Bd on the بَسْمَلَة:) accord. to J, (TA,) they are two names [or epithets] derived from الرَّحْمَةُ, and are like نَدْمَانُ and نَدِيمٌ, and are syn.; the repetition being allowable when the [mode of] derivation is different, for the purpose of corroboration: (S, TA:) or the repetition is because the former is Hebrew, [originally 165,] and ↓ the latter is Arabic: (I'Ab, TA:) but the former is applicable to God only; though Museylimeh the Liar was called رَحْمَانُ اليَمَامَةِ; (S, TA;) and it is said to mean the Possessor of the utmost degree of الرَّحْمَة; and accord. to Zj, is a name of God mentioned in the most ancient books: (TA:) whereas ↓ the latter is syn. with

↓ الرَّاحِمُ: (S, TA:) or [rather] ↓ رَاحِمٌ is the act. part. n. [signifying having mercy, &c.], and ↓ رَحِيمٌ has an intensive signification [i. e. having much mercy, &c.]: (Msb:) the latter is applied also to a man; and so is ↓ رَحُومٌ, in the same sense, and likewise to a woman: (TA:) the pl. of ↓ رَحِيمٌ is رُحَمَآءُ; (Msb, TA;) occurring in the trad., إِنَّمَا يَرْحَمُ اللّٰهُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الرُّحَمَآءَ, or الرُّحَمَآءُ, as related by different persons; [i. e. God has mercy on the merciful only of his servants, or verily those on whom God has mercy, of his servants, are the merciful;] الرحماء being in the accus. case as the objective complement of يرحم, and in the nom. case as the enunciative of ما in the sense of الَّذِى. (Msb.) رَحَمُوتٌ is from رَحْمَةٌ, [with which it is syn.,] (S, TA,) but it is used only coupled with its like in form: (K, TA:) one says, رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ لَكَ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ [Fear is better for thee than pity, or compassion], meaning thy being feared is better than thy being pitied, or compassionated: (S, K: but in the former, without لك:) or, accord. to Mbr, ↓ رَهَبُوتَى خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتَى. (Meyd. [See art. رهب.]) رَحَمُوتَى: see what next precedes.

رُحَامٌ: see 1, last sentence but two.

رَحُومٌ (Lh, S, K) and ↓ رَحْمَآءُ, (K,) applied to a she-camel, (Lh, S, TA,) and to a ewe or she-goat, and to a woman, (TA,) [and app. to any animal having a womb, (see رَحُمَتْ)] Having a complaint of her womb (Lh, S, M, K) after bringing forth, (Lh, S, K,) and dying in consequence thereof; (K;) and ↓ رَحِمَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, signifies the same: the pl. of رَحُومٌ is رُحُمٌ, with two dammehs. (TA.) b2: For the first, see also الرَّحْمٰنُ, near the end of the paragraph.

رَحِيمُ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in seven places. b2: Sometimes it is syn. with ↓ مَرْحُومٌ [i. e. Treated, or regarded, with mercy or pity or compassion; &c.: see 1, first sentence]: 'Amelles Ibn-'Akeel says, (using it in this sense, Ham p. 628,) فَأَمَّا إِذَا عَضَّتْ بِكَ الحَرْبُ عَضَّةً فَإِنَّكَ مَعْطُوفٌ عَلَيْكَ رَحِيمُ (S, and Ham,) i. e. [But at all events,] when war becomes [once] severe to thee, and thine enemy has almost overcome thee, [verily thou art regarded with favour,] treated with mercy, and defended, by us. (Ham.) رَاحِمٌ: see الرَّحْمٰنُ, in two places, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also, applied to a ewe, and to a she-goat, Having the womb swollen. (Lh, K.) أَرْحَمُ [More, and most, merciful, &c.]. God is أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمينَ [The Most Merciful of those that have mercy]. (TA.) مَرْحَمَةٌ: see رَحْمَةٌ.

مُرَحَّمٌ [Treated, or regarded, with much mercy or pity or compassion; &c.]: it is with teshdeed to denote intensiveness of the signification. (S, TA.) b2: [See also 2, of which it is the pass. part. n.]

مَرْحُومٌ: see رَحِيمٌ. b2: المَرْحُومَةُ is a name of El-Medeeneh. (K.) b3: [And المَرْحُومُ, which may be rendered The object of God's mercy, is commonly used in the present day as an epithet applied to the person, whoever he be, that has died in what is believed to be the true faith; as though meaning merely the deceased.]

رحو and رحى1 رَحَتِ الحَيَّةُ, (S, K,) aor. ـْ (S) [and app. تَرْحَى also (see رَحْيَةٌ)]; and ↓ ترحّت; (S, K;) The serpent turned round about, (S, K, TA,) and twisted, or wound, or coiled, itself; ISd adds, كَالرَّحّى [i. e. like the mill, or millstone]; for which reason it is said to be إِحْدّى بَنَاتِ طِبَقٍ. (TA.) A2: رَحَوْتُ الرَّحَا or الرَّحَى, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْوٌ; (TA;) and رَحَيْتُهَا, (S, K,) inf. n. رَحْىٌ; (TA;) I turned round the رحا or رحى [i. e. the mill, or mill-stone]: (S, K:) or I made it: (K:) in the K, the latter verb is said to be extr.; but not so in the T or S or M: in the M it is said to be the more common. (TA.) A3: And رَحَاهُ He magnified him, or honoured him. (IAar, TA.) 5 تَ1َ2َّ3َ see above, first sentence.

رَحًى (S, Msb, K, &c.) and رَحًا, (Msb, * K,) the former of which is the more approved, (TA,) and some say ↓ رَحَآءٌ, (S,) A mill; syn. طَاحُونٌ: (Msb:) [and] a mill-stone; i. e. the great round stone with which one grinds: (TA:) of the fem. gender: (Zj, S, Msb, K:) dual of the first رَحَيَانِ, (S, Msb, K,) and of the second رَحَوَانِ, (Msb, * K,) and of the third, رَحَاآنِ: (S:) the pl. (of pauc., S) of رَحًى (Msb) [and of رَحًا] is أَرْحٍ and (of mult., S) أَرْحَآءٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which latter is the pl. that is preferred accord. to IAmb, (Msb,) and رُحِىٌّ and رِحِىٌّ, (Msb, K, TA,) with damm and with kesr (Msb, TA) to the ر (Msb,) [for the last of which رَحِىٌّ is substituted in the CK,] and أُرْحِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with damm, and with kesr to the ح and teshdeed to the ى (TA,) [in the CK أَرْحِىٌّ,] and أَرْحِيَةٌ, (Msb, K,) which is extr., (K,) said by AHát to be wrong, and by IAmb to be anomalous, and by Zj to be not allowable, (Msb,) in the T said to be as though it were a pl. pl., (TA,) or it is pl. of رَحَآءٌ [and therefore regular]: (S:) the dim. is ↓ رُحَيَّةٌ. (Zj, Msb.) رَحَا اليَدِ [or رَحَى اليَدِ] signifies The hand-mill. (MA.) b2: [Hence, A molar tooth, or grinder:] i. q. ضِرْسٌ; (S, Msb, K;) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ i. q. أَضْرَاسٌ: (S:) [or rather] the أَرْحَآء, also called the طَوَاحِن, are the twelve teeth, three on each side [above and below], next after the ضَوَاحِك [or bicuspids]. (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán. ”) b3: [And app. A roller with which land is rolled to crush the clods; as being likened to a mill-stone: see 1 in art. ختم, near the end of the paragraph.] b4: Stones: and a great rock, or mass of stone. (TA.) b5: A round piece of ground, rising above what surrounds it, (S, K,) about as large in extent as a mile: (K:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K, TA:) or this latter, i. e. the pl., signifies pieces of rugged ground, less than mountains, round, and rising above what surrounds them: (M, TA:) or رَحًا مِنَ الأَرْضِ means a round and rugged place [or piece of ground] among sands: (Sh, TA:) or a large and rugged [elevation such as is termed]

قَارَة or أَكَمَة, round, rising above what surrounds it, not spreading upon the surface of the earth, nor producing herbs, or leguminous plants, nor trees. (ISh, TA.) b6: A round cloud; [as being likened to a mill-stone;] (A in art. رجح:) or so رَحَى سَحَابٍ. (S.) b7: The كِرْكِرَة [or callous protuberance upon the breast] of a camel; (T, S, K;) so called because of its roundness: (TA:) pl. أَرْحَآءٌ: (K:) which likewise signifies the callous protuberances upon the knees of the camel. (T, TA.) b8: The foot (فِرْسِن) of the camel and of the elephant: pl. أَرْحَآءٌ. (M, K.) b9: A دَائِرَة [app. meaning a circling border] around the nail. (TA.) b10: The breast, or chest: pl., as in the other senses following, أَرْحَآءٌ. (K.) b11: Spinage, or spinach; (M, K;) because of the roundness of its leaves. (TA.) b12: (tropical:) A collective body of the members of a household. (ISd, K, TA.) b13: (tropical:) An independent tribe: (K, TA:) أَرْحَآءٌ (which is its pl., K, TA) signifies (tropical:) independent tribes, that are in no need of others. (S, TA.) b14: (assumed tropical:) A large number of camels, crowding, or pressing, together; (S, K, TA;) also called طَحَّانَةٌ: (S, TA:) or رَحَا الإِبِلِ means the collective herd of the camels: and in like manner, رَحَا القَوْمِ the collective body of the people, or party. (ISk, TA.) b15: رَحَى القَوْمِ signifies [also] (tropical:) The chief of the people, or party. (T, S, M, K, TA.) [It is added in the TA that 'Omar Ibn-El-Khattáb was called رَحَى الحَرْبِ, as though meaning (assumed tropical:) The chief of war; because of his warlike propensities: but it seems from what here follows, as well as from what precedes, that this may be a mistranscription, for رَحَى القَوْمِ or رَحَى العَرَبِ.] b16: رَحَى الحَرْبِ signifies (tropical:) The most vehement part [or the thickest] of the fight; syn. حَوْمَتُهَا: (S, Msb:) in the K it is said that الرَّحَى signifies حَوْمَةُ الحَرْبِ, and مُعْظَمُهُ; as also ↓ المَرْحَى: but it seems that there is an omission; for الحرب is [generally] fem., and in the M it is said that رَحَى المَوْتِ signifies مُعْظَمُهُ [app. meaning the main stress, or the thickest, of death in battle]. (TA.) In a saying relating to 'Alee's having made an end of الجَمَلِ ↓ مَرْحَي, this expression is expl. by A 'Obeyd as meaning The place around which revolved the thickest of the fight (المَوْضِعُ الَّذِي دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي الحَرْبِ) [in the Battle of the Camel]. (TA.) And دَارَتْ عَلَيْهِ رَحَي المَوْتِ [which may be rendered (assumed tropical:) The main stress of death beset him round about] meansdeath befell him. (Msb, TA.) رَحْيَةٌ [or حَيَّةٌ رَحْيَةٌ meaning A serpent folding, or coiling, itself, so as to resemble a neck-ring]: see رَحَّةٌ, in art. رح.

رَحَآءٌ: see رَحًي, first sentence.

رُحَيَّةٌ dim. of رَحًي, q. v. (Zj, Msb.) قَصْعَةٌ رَحَّآءُ A shallow, or a wide, [bowl such as is termed] قصعة. (TA. [It is there mentioned in art. رحو, but belongs to art. رح q. v.]) مَرْحًي A place of a mill or mill-stone. (MA.) b2: See also رَحًي (near the end of the paragraph), in two places. b3: [Accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as meaning (assumed tropical:) A place where any one stands firmly.]

مُرَحٍ A maker of mills or mill-stones. (K, TA.) A2: And Moisture in the ground to the extent of a palm. (AHn, TA.)

نوس

نوس

1 نَاسَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. نَوْسٌ (S, M, A, K) and نَوَسَانٌ, (M, A, K,) It (a thing, S, M, as a look of hair, and an carring, A) moved to and fro; (S, A, K;) it was in a state of commotion, and moved to and fro, (M, TA,) hanging down; (TA;) it dangled, or hung down and was in a state of commotion or agitation. (M, Msb [but in the M, the verb in this last sense has only the former of the two inf. ns. assigned to it, though the other equally helongs to it.]) You say also, نَاسَ لُعَابُهُ His slaver flowed and was in a state of commotion. (M.) [See also 5]4 اناسهُ He made it to move to and fro; (S, A;) he made it to be in a state of commotion. (M, K, TA,) and to move to and fro, (M,) and to hang down; (TA;) he made it to dangle, or to hang down and be in a state of commotion or agitation. (M.) It is said in a trad. (S, M. TA.) of Umm-Zara, (S, TA,) أَنَاسَ مِنْ حُلِىٍّ أُذُنَىَّ [He made my two ears to move to and fro, &c., with ornaments]; (S, M, TA;) meaning, that he ornamented her two ears with [ear-rings of the kinds called] قِرَطَة and شُنُوف, which moved to and fro, &c., in them. (TA.) 5 تنوّس It, (a branch of a tree,) being blown by the wind, became shaken thereby, so that it moved much to and fro; as also تنوّع (TA.) [See also 1.]

نَاسٌ is applied to Men, and to jinn, or genii; (S, Msb, K;) but its predominant application is to the former: (Msb:) it is said by some to be applied to both in the former of the last two verses of the Kur, الَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ النَّاسِ مِنَ الجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ [who suggesteth what is vain in the breasts of people of the jinn and mankind]; unless by it be meant النَّاسِى [the forgetting]; or من الجنّة والناس is added in explanation of a preceding word, الوَسْوَاس, or of الذى, or it is in dependence upon يوسوس; (Bd;) [but what corroborates the first explanation is the fact that] men and jinn are both termed رِجَال in the Kur, lxxii. 6; and the Arabs used to say, رَأَيْتُ نَاسًا مِنَ الجِنِّ [I saw people of the jinn]: (Msb:) it is a pl. of إِنْسٌ, (K,) originally أُنَاسٌ, (S, K,) a pl. which is rare [as to form]; (K;) or أُنَاسٌ is pl. of إِنْسَانٌ; (M, art. أنس;) and ناس has the article ال prefixed to it, (S, M,) but not as a substitute for the suppressed ء, because, were it so, it would not be found prefixed to the original, أُنَاسٌ, whereas it is found prefixed to this latter: (S:) this derivation, however, from أُنَاسٌ, contradicts its belonging to art. نوس: (MF;) [but some hold that it does belong to this art.; and the form of its dim., to be mentioned below, favours their opinion: Fei says,] it is a noun applied to denote a pl., like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ; and its sing. is إِنْسَانٌ, from a different root: it is derived from نَاسَ, aor. ـُ signifying “ it hung down and was in a state of commotion: ” and [agreeably with this derivation it is said that] its dim. is نُوَيْسٌ: (Msb:) some, again, said that النَّاسُ is originally النَّاسِى. (L, TA, voce إِنْسٌ.) See also إِنْسٌ, throughout.

A2: See also نُوَاسٌ.

نَاسُوتٌ Human nature; humanity; as also إِنْسَِانيَّةٌ: probably post-classical: opposed to لَاهُوتٌ, q. v., in art. ليه.]

نَوَسَاتٌ: see نُوَاسٌ.

نُوَاسٌ A [lock of hair such as is called] ذُؤَابَة, that moves to and fro: (K, in explanation of ذُو نُوَاسٍ the name of a king of El-Yemen:) or ↓ نُوَاسَةٌ has this signification: (A:) [the former, therefore, is a coll. gen. n., and this is indicated in the S; and the latter is its n. un.:] and ↓ نَوَسَاتٌ signifies i. q. ذَوَائِبُ, [pl. of ذُؤَابَةٌ,] because they move about much. (TA.) b2: What hangs to the roof, (M, A, &c. [a signification assigned in the K to نَاسٌ, probably through the careless omission of the word النُّوَاسُ by an early transcriber,] consisting of smoke, (A, TA,) [or soot,] &c. (TA,) The word in the T and O, as well as in the A [and M], is نُوَاسٌ. (TA.) b3: The web of a spider: because of its fluttering. (M.) نُوَاسَةٌ: see نُوَاسٌ.

نَوَّاسٌ, applied to man, (S,) Quivering (مُضْطَرِبٌ), and flaccid, or flabby. (S, K.) نَائِسٌ act. part. n. of 1. Ex. خُيُوطٌ نَائِسَةٌ Threads dangling or hanging down and moving about. (TA.) نَاوُوسٌ, (M, Msb,) or نَاؤُوسٌ, (Mgh,) Burialplaces of Christians: (M:) or a burial-place of Christians: (Mgh, Msb:) [De Sacy observes, that En-Nuweyree and El-Makreezee constantly use this word in speaking of the burial-places of the ancient kings of Egypt, and that it is from the Greek

ναος: (“ Relation de l'Égypte par Abd-allatif; ” p. 508:) Freytag, on the authority of Meyd., explains it as signifying a coffin in which a corpse is enclosed: and 'Abd-el-Lateef applies the (expression نَاوُوسٌ مِنْ حَجَرٍ to the sarcophagus in the Great Pyramid: (see “ Abdollatiphi Hist. Æg. Comp.; ” p. 96:)] if Arabic, (M,) of the measure فَاعُولٌ: (M, Mgh, Msb:) pl. نَوَاوِيسُ. (Mgh, TA.)
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