نقص

1 نَقَصَ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb,) inf. n. نُقْصَانٌ (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and نَقْصٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) or the former of these two only, the latter being the inf. n. of the trans. verb, (MS,) and نَقِيصَةٌ (M) and تَنْقَاصٌ, (K,) [which last is an intensive form,] said of a thing, (S, M,) intrans., (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) It lost somewhat, decreased, diminished, lessened, wasted, waned, or became defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after having been whole or complete or perfect: (IKtt, Msb, TA:) or he, or it, lost, or suffered loss or diminution, (A, K,) with respect to lot or portion: (K:) and ↓ انتقص signifies the same; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) and so does ↓ تنقّص; (TK, [probably from the TA,] art. أَفن;) and so does ↓ تناقص: (TA:) [or this last signifies it lost somewhat, decreased, &c., gradually; contr. of تزايد.] It is said in a trad., (Mgh,) شَهْرَا عِيدٍ لَا يَنْقُصَانِ, (Mgh, K,) i. e. Ramadán and Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh,) meaning, Two months of festival are not defective virtually (فِى الحُكْمِ) though they be defective in number [of days]; (K;) i. e. let no doubt occur in your hearts when ye fast nine and twenty days [instead of thirty]; nor if there happen a mistake respecting the day of the pilgrimage, will there be any deficiency in your performance of the rites thereof: (TA:) or, as some say, two months of festival will not be defective in one and the same year; but Et-Taháwee disapproves of this explanation: some say that the meaning is, that though they be defective, or one of them be so, yet their recompense will be complete. (Mgh.) It is also said in a trad., إِنَّ العَمَلَ فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ لَا يَنْقُصُ ثَوَابُهُ عَمَّا فِى شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ [Verily the deed that is done on the tenth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, the recompense thereof will not fall short of that which is in the month of Ramadán: for نَقَصَ عَنْ كَذَا means It fell short of such a thing.] (Mgh.) [On the expression فِى النُّقْصَانِ, as used in grammar, see غَفِيرٌ.]

A2: نَقَصَهُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ, (MS,) [and accord. to the TK تَنْقَاصٌ and نُقْصَانٌ also, which last, however, is said in the MS to be an inf. n. of the intrans. verb only,] He made it to lose somewhat, decreased it, diminished it, curtailed it, lessened it, wasted it, impaired it, took from it, or made it defective or deficient or incomplete or imperfect, after it had been whole or complete or perfect; (Msb;) he made it (i. e. a share, or portion) defective or deficient: (K:) [the pronoun often relates to a man: see an ex. in art. ضوز, and another in art. وكس:] this is the [most] chaste form of the verb, and is that which occurs in the Kur.: (Msb:) ↓ انقصهُ also signifies the same; (M, Msb, K;) and so does ↓ نقّصهُ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. تَنْقِيصٌ: (TA:) but these two are of weak authority, and do not occur in chaste language: (Msb:) and ↓ انتقصهُ signifies the same: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or this last signifies he took from it by little and little; as also ↓ تنقّصهُ. (M, * TA [in the latter of which this is plainly said of both of the last two verbs; but in the M, it seems rather to be said of تنقّصه only.]) [See an ex. of the verb followed by من voce طَرَفٌ. You say also, نَقَصَ مِنْهُ كَذَا He cut off from it such a thing.]

b2: نَقَصَ is doubly trans.: (Msb:) you say نَقَصَهُ حَقَّهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَقْصٌ; (A, Mgh;) and in like manner, حَقَّهُ ↓ انتقصهُ; (M, A, * Mgh, * TA; *) He diminished, or impaired, to him his right, or due; endamaged him; or made him to suffer loss, or damage, or detriment, in respect of it; curtailed him, abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of a portion of it; (Msb, * TA;) contr. of أَوْفَاهُ: (TA:) [and he abridged him, deprived him, or defrauded him, of it altogether; for نَقَصَهُ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ signifies sometimes He deprived him of his family and his property altogether: as appears from the following ex.:] نُقِصَ أَهْلَهُ وَمَالَهُ وَبَقِىَ فَرْدًا [He was deprived of his family and his property, and remained alone]. (T, art. وتر.) الحَقِّ ↓ اِنْتِقَاصُ also signifies The denying, or disacknowledging, the right, or due. (TA.) b3: See also 5.2 نَقَّصَ see نَقَصَهُ.4 أَنْقَصَ see نَقَصَهُ.5 تنقّص: see نَقَصَ.

A2: تنقّصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ. b2: He attributed to him defect, or imperfection; i. e. to a man; (M;) as also ↓ انتقصهُ, and ↓ استنقصهُ: (M, TA:) he attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, or the like; detracted from his reputation; censured him; reproached him; spoke against him; impugned his character; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ انتقصهُ: (A:) [and نَقَصَهُ signifies the same; for] IKtt says, that ↓ نقص [app. نُقِصَ], inf. n. نَقِيصَةٌ, signifies طعن عليه [app. طُعِنَ عَلَيْهِ]. (TA.) 6 تَنَاْقَصَ see نَقَصَ, where two meanings are assigned to it.8 انتقص: see نَقَصَ.

A2: انتقصهُ: see نَقَصَهُ, in four places. b2: See also 5, in two places.10 استنقص الثَّمَنَ He (the buyer, S) asked, demanded, or desired, a diminution, a lessening, a lowering, or an abatement, of the price. (S, A, K.) b2: See also 5.

نَقْصٌ: see 1. b2: [Used as a subst., Loss, or loss of somewhat, decrease, a state of diminution or lessening or washing or waning, defect, defectiveness, deficiency, incompleteness, or imperfection, after wholeness or completeness, or perfectness; as also ↓ نُقْصَانٌ; and ↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ signifies the same as نَقْص] as here rendered, agreeably with the explanation (i. e. of منقصة) in the PS., which is كَمِىْ: or, accord. to the A, مَنْقَصَةٌ seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in the sense assigned to this last in the S, or in certain senses assigned to it in the K, which see below; and thus to be more restricted in application than نَقْصٌ]. (S, TA.) b3: Weakness of intellect: (M, TA:) and weakness with respect to religion and intellect. (TA.) You say, دَخَلَ عَلَيْهِ نَقْصٌ فِى دِينِهِ وَعَقْلِهِ [There came upon him a weakness in his religion and his intellect]: but one should not say ↓ نُقْصَانٌ [in this case]: (K:) app. because النَّقْص is “ weakness; ” whereas النُّقْصَانُ is only “ a going away [of part of a thing] after [its having been in] a state of completeness. ” (TA.) نُقْصَانٌ: see 1: b2: see also نَقْصٌ, in two places. b3: It also signifies The quantity that is gone, or lost, of a thing that is decreased or diminished or lessened. (Lth, A, K.) You say, نُقْصَانُهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا The quantity that is gone, or lost, of it is such and such. (TK.) نَقِيصَةٌ: see 1. b2: A defect, an imperfection, a fault, a vice, or the like; syn. عَيْبٌ: (S, TA:) or a low, or base, quality, property, natural disposition, practice, habit, or action; (K, TA;) of a man: (TA:) or a weak quality, &c.: (IDrd, K, TA:) but the attribution of weakness to a quality, &c., requires consideration: and it seems that what is meant by lowness, or baseness, is what leads to نَقْص: (TA:) [↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ, also, accord. to the A, seems to be syn. with نَقِيصَةٌ in one or another of the senses explained above; but its primary signification is probably a cause of نَقْص, like as that of مَبْخَلَةٌ is a cause of بُخْل, and that of مَجْبَنَةٌ a cause of جُبْن: the pl. of نَقِيصَةٌ is نَقَائِصُ: and that of مَنْقَصَةٌ is مَنَاقِصُ.] You say, مَا فِيهِ نَقِيصَةٌ and ↓ مَنْقَصَةٌ [There is not in him any defect, imperfection, fault, or vice, &c.]: and فُلَانٌ ذُو نَقَائِصَ and مَنَاقِصَ [Such a one has defects, &c.]. (A, TA.) A2: As a subst. from تَنَقَّصَهُ and اِنْتَقَصَهُ and اِسْتَنْقَصَهُ, [or, accord. to IKtt, as an inf. n. from نُقِص, and therefore from نَقَصَهُ also, (see 5,)] it signifies The attributing to a man defect, or imperfection: (M:) the attributing or imputing to men, charging them with, or accusing them of, vices, faults, or the like; censuring them; reproaching them; speaking against them; impugning their characters. (K.) A poet says, فَلَوْ غَيْرُ أَخْوَالِى أَرَادُوا نَقِيصَتِى

جَعَلْتُ لَهُمْ فَوْقَ العَرَانِينِ مِيسَمَا [But if others than my maternal uncles had desired to attribute to me defect, &c., I had set a brand upon them above the noses]. (M, TA.) نَاقِصٌ act. part. n. of 1. b2: دِرْهَمٌ نَاقِضٌ signifies A dirhem deficient in weight; (Msb;) light and deficient: and نُقَّصٌ occurs as pl. of ناقص thus applied, agreeably with analogy. (Mgh.) b3: [Hence, فِعْلٌ نَاقِصٌ meaning An incomplete, i. e. a non-attributive, verb: opposed to فِعْلٌ تَامٌّ.]

مَنْقَصَةٌ: pl. مَنَاقِصُ: see نَقِيصَةٌ, in four places: b2: and see also نَقْصٌ.

مَنْقُوصٌ pass. part. n. of نَقَصَهُ. (A, K.)

مسح

1 مَسَحَ شَيْئًا, aor. ـَ inf. n. مَسْحٌ; and ↓ مسّحهُ, inf. n تَمْسِيحٌ; He wiped a thing that was wet or dirty, with his hand, or passed his hand over it to remove the wet or dirt that was upon it: (L:) مَسْحٌ and تَمْسِيحٌ and ↓ تَمَسُّحٌ signifying the passing the hand over a thing that is flowing [with water or the like], or dirtied, soiled, or polluted, to remove the fluid or dirt, or soil or pollution; (L, K;) as when one wipes his head with his hand to remove water; and his forehead, to remove sweat. (L.) [It often signifies He stroked a thing with his hand; as, for instance, the Black Stone of the Kaabeh; see below.] b2: مَسَحَ رَأْسَهُ مِنَ المَآءِ; and جَبِينَهُ الرَّشَحِ; He wiped his head with his hand to remove the water that was upon it; and his forehead to remove the sweat. (L.) b3: مَسَحَ بِرَأْسِهِ (S) He wiped with his hand, or passed his hand closely over, his head, or a part thereof, without making any water to flow upon it: so in the Kur, v. 8; where it is said, فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُوا بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ

إِلَى الْكَعْبَيْنِ: here أَرْجُلَكُمْ is in the acc. case as an adjunct to ايديكم; [i.e., as a third objective complement to the verb اغسلوا; not as an adjunct to رؤوسكم;] but some read أَرْجُلِكُمْ, putting it in the gen. case because of its proximity to رؤوسكم; (Jel;) [in like manner as خَرِبٍ is put in the gen. case in the phrase هٰذَا جُحْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ, an ex. given by many of the grammarians, showing that this is allowable in prose,] notwithstanding that it is said, by Aboo-Is-hák the grammarian, that the putting a noun in the gen. case because of its proximity to a preceding noun in that case is not allowable except in poetry, when necessity requires it: (L:) the head, which is wiped, is mentioned between the arms and the feet, which are washed, to show the order which is to be observed in the purification. (Jel.) But مَسَحَ signifies both he wiped with the hand, and also he washed: so says IAth: (L:) and Az and IKt say the like: (Msb:) you say مَسَحْتُ يَدَىَّ بالمَآءِ, meaning I washed my hands with water. (Az, Msb.) b4: مَسَحَ شَيْئًا بِالمَآءِ He wiped a thing with his hand wetted with water; passed his hand, wetted with water, over a thing. (Msb.) b5: مَسَحَ البَيْت He compassed the House [of God, i.e. the Kaabeh: because he who does so passes his hand over the corner in which is the Black Stone]. (L.) b6: مَسَحَ اللّٰهُ عَنْكَ مَا بِكَ May God remove that which is in thee! (L;) or, wash and cleanse thee from thy sins! (TA, art. مصح.) A prayer for a sick person. (L, from a trad.) b7: مَسَحَهُ He anointed him or it with oil. (A.) b8: مُسِحَ بِالكَرَمِ, inf. n. مَسْحٌ, (tropical:) He was characterized by somewhat, or by some sign or mark, of nobility. (L.) [See مَسْحَةٌ.] b9: مَسَحَ, inf. n. مَسْحٌ, He combed and dressed hair; syn. مَشَطَ. (K.) b10: مَسْحُ اللُّحِىَ [The stroking of the beards] was a sign of reconciliation. (S, O, in art. عق: see عَقُ بِالسَّهْمِ.) b11: مَسَحَهُ, or مَسَحَهُ بِالمَعْرُوفِ, i. e. بالمعروف مِنَ القَوْلِ, (L,) inf. n. مَسْحٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ مسّحهُ, (L,) inf. n. تَمْسِيحٌ; (L, K;) He spoke to him good words, deceiving, or beguiling, him therein, (L, K,) and giving him nothing. (L.) b12: فُلَانٌ يَمْسَحُ رَأْسَ زَيْدٍ (tropical:) Such a one beguiles, or deceives, Zeyd. (A.) [See also 3.] b13: مَسَحَ, inf. n. مَسْحٌ and تَمْسَاحٌ He lied; uttered what was false. (K.) b14: مَسَحَ فِى الأَرْضِ, inf. n. مُسُوحٌ, He set forth journeying through the land, or earth: (A'Obeyd, K: *) as also مَصَحَ. (TA.) b15: مَسَحَهُمْ (tropical:) He passed lightly by them, or brushed by them, without remaining by them. (L.) b16: مَسِحَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. مَسَحٌ, The inner sides of his (a man's, S) thighs rubbed together, (S, L, K,) so as to become sore and chapped: (L:) or he had the inner side of his knee inflamed by the roughness of his garment. (L, K.) b17: مَسَحَ الإِبِلَ, inf. n. مَسْحٌ (tropical:) He made the camels to journey all the day long: and he made the backs of the camels to be wounded by the saddles, and emaciated them; as also ↓ مَسَّحَهَا, inf. n. تَمْسِيحٌ: (K:) and in the latter sense you say مَسَحَ النَّاقَةَ, and ↓ مسّحها. (TA.) b18: مَسَحَتِ الإِبِلُ يَوْمَــهَا (tropical:) The camels journeyed all the day. (S.) مَسَحَتِ الإِبِلُ الأَرْضَ يَوْمَــهَا دَأْبًا (tropical:) The camels journeyed all the day laboriously. (TA.) A2: مَسَحَ, (S,) inf. n. مَسْحٌ (K) and مِسَاحَةٌ, (S, K,) or the latter is a simple subst., (Msb,) (tropical:) He measured land. (S, K.) A3: مَسَحَ, inf. n. مَسْحٌ, (tropical:) He cut, or severed: and he struck, or smote: (K:) he severed the neck, and the arm. (TA.) مَسَحَ عُنُقَهُ and بِعُنُقِهِن, aor. ـَ inf. n. مَسْحٌ, He smote his neck: or, as some say, severed it, or cut it through. Agreeably with both these significations مَسْحًا is rendered in the Kur, xxxviii. 32: some say that what is here meant is the wiping with the hand wetted with water: accord. to IAth, Solomon is here said to have smitten the necks and hock-tendons of the horses. (L.) [See art. طفق.] مَسَحَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ He smote him with the sword: (L:) and he cut him with the sword: (S, L:) or مَسَحَهُ signifies he struck him gently with a staff, or stick, and with a sword. (TA in art. دهن.) b2: See 8. b3: Also مَسَحَهُمْ He slew them. (L.) A4: مَسَحَهُ, (inf. n. مَسْحٌ, K,) He (God) created him blessed, (AHeyth, K,) and goodly: (AHeyth:) b2: and, contr., created him accursed, (AHeyth, K,) and foul, or ugly. (AHeyth.) A5: مَسَحَ, (S,) inf. n. مَسْحٌ, (K,) (tropical:) Inivit feminam. (S, K.) 2 مَسَّحَ see 1, in four places.3 ماسحهُ (tropical:) He took him by the hand; applied the palm of his hand to the palm of the other's hand. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) He made a compact, or covenant, with him. (TA.) b3: مَاسَحَا (tropical:) They used blandishing, soothing, or wheedling, words, one to the other, deceiving thereby; (K;) their hearts not being sincere. (TA.) You say غَضِبَ فَمَاسَحْتُهُ حَتَّى لَانَ (tropical:) He was angry, and I coaxed, or wheedled, him until he became gentle, or mild. (TA.) [See also 1.]5 تمسّح بِالمَآءِ He washed himself with water. (A, Z.) b2: تمسّح (tropical:) He performed the ablution called الوُضُوْء. (IAth.) b3: تمسّح بِالأَرْضِ (S, L) (tropical:) He performed the action termed التَّيَمُّم: or he made his forehead to touch the ground in prostration, without anything intervening. (L.) b4: فُلَانٌ يُتَمَسَّحُ بِثَوْبِهِ (tropical:) Such a one has his garment passed over men's persons as a means of their advancing themselves in the favour of God: (L:) [i.e., he is a holy man, from the touch of whose garment a blessing is derived: see St. Matthew's Gospel, ix., 20 and 21]. فُلَانٌ يُتَمَسَّحُ بِهِ (tropical:) Such a one is a person by means of whom one looks for a blessing (بُتَبَرَّكُ بِهِ,) by reason of his excellence, (K,) and his devotion; (TA;) as though one advanced himself in the favour of God by approaching him. (L.) [See also an ex. voce رُكْنٌ.] b5: فُلَانٌ يَتَمَسَّحُ (tropical:) Such a one has nothing with him, or in his possession; as though he wiped his arms with his hands: (K:) [for it is a custom of the Arabs to do thus as an indication of having nothing.] b6: تمسّح He wiped himself, مِنْ شَىْءٍ to remove a thing, and بِشَىْءٍ, with a thing. (L.) [See also 1.]6 تَمَاسَحَا (tropical:) They acted in a friendly or sincere manner, one to the other; syn. تَصَادَقَا: or they made a contract, or bargain, one with the other, and each struck the palm of the other's hand with the palm of his own hand [to confirm it], (K,) and swore to the other. (TA.) b2: تَمَاسَحُوا (tropical:) They took one another by the hand. (TA.) 8 امتسح He drew a sword (K) from its scabbard; as also ↓ مَسَحَ. (TA.) مَسْحٌ i. q. بَلَاسٌ; (S, K;) i.e., A garment of thick, or coarse, hair-cloth: so in the T: and a piece of such stuff as is spread in a house or tent: (TA:) a بلاس such as is worn by monks: (Mgh:) a كِسَآء of hair-cloth: (L:) an old and worn-out garment: (Kull:) pl. أَمْسَاحٌ and مُسُوحٌ; (S;) the former a pl. of pauc., and the latter a pl. of mult. (L.) b2: مِسْحٌ The main part, and middle, of a road; syn. جَادَّةٌ: (K:) pl. أَمْسَاحٌ (TA) and مُسُوحٌ. (K.) مَسَحٌ, a subst., Paucity of flesh in the posteriors and thighs; or smallness of the buttocks, and their sticking together; or paucity of flesh in the thighs; syn. رَسَحٌ. (L.) عَلَى فُلَانٍ مَسْحَةٌ مِنْ جَمَالٍ, (S, K,) or ↓ مِسْحَةٌ, (L,) (tropical:) Upon such a one there appears somewhat of beauty; (L, K;) or, some sign, or mark, or trait, of beauty: (L:) and مسحةُ كَرَمٍ, some sign, or mark, trait, or indication, of nobility; and the like: a mode of expression said, by Sh, to be used only in praise; so that you do not say عَلَيْهِ مسحةُ قُبْحٍ: (L:) but you say also بِهِ مسحةٌ مِنْ هُزَالٍ in him is somewhat, or some sign, or mark, of leanness; (L, K;) which is a phrase of the Arabs mentioned by Az. (L.) b2: مَسْحَةٌ in the cheek of a horse: see صِفَاحٌ.

مِسْحَةٌ: see مَسْحَةٌ.

مَسِيحٌ Anointed: wiped over with some such thing as oil. (K.) b2: A king. (El-'Eynee.) b3: المَسِيحُ [The Messiah, the Christ, the Anointed,] Jesus, on whom be peace ! (S, Msb, K,) [correctly] an arabicized word, [from the Hebrew,] originally مَشِيحَا, with ش: (T, Msb:) but the learned differ as to this word, whether it be Arabic or arabicized: F relates, in the K, his having mentioned, in his Expos. of the Meshárik el-Anwár, fifty opinions respecting the derivation of it; and in another work he has made the number fifty-six. (TA.) b4: Also, (K,) or المَسِيحُ الكَذَّابُ, (S,) or ↓ المِسِّيحُ, (K,) [The Messiah, or Christ, surnamed the Great Liar; the False Christ; Antichrist; also called] EdDejjál, الدَّجَّالُ: (S, K:) it is not allowable, however, to apply to him the appellation المَسِيحُ without restriction; wherefore one says المَسِيحُ الدَّجَّالُ [or الكَذَّابُ]; (TA;) [unless in a case like the following, in which] a poet says إِذَا المَسِيحُ يَقْتُلُ المَسِيحَ [When the true Messiah shall slay the false Messiah] (Msb.) [Many opinions respecting the derivation of the appellation thus applied are also mentioned by various authors.] b5: مَسِيحٌ Sweat: (T, S, K:) so called because it is wiped off (يُمْسَحُ) when it pours forth. (T.) b6: مَسِيحٌ (tropical:) A dirhem [or silver coin] of which the impression is obliterated; syn. أَطْلَسُ; (S, Msb, K;) having no impression. (Msb.) b7: مَسِيحٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَسِيحَةٌ (TA) A piece of silver. (As, S, K.) b8: مَسِيحٌ. (tropical:) i. q. مَمْسُوحُ الوَجْهِ, (K,) i.e., A man having one side of his face plain, without eye or eyebrow: said to apply in this sense to EdDejjál, among others. (IF, L.) b9: One-eyed. (Az.) [See also أَمْسَحُ.] b10: مَسِيحٌ A rough napkin, or kerchief, with which one wipes himself: (L, K:) so called because the face is wiped with it, or because it retains the dirt. (TA.) [A dusting-cloth, or dish-clout, or the like, is now called ↓ مِمْسَحَةٌ.] b11: مَسِيحٌ Beautiful in the face. (TA.) b12: مَسِيحٌ One who journeys or goes about much for the sake of devotion, or as a devotee; as also ↓ مِسِّيحٌ (K,) and ↓ أَمْسَحُ, (TA,) the fem. of which is مَسْحَآءُ. (K, TA.) See مَسَّاحٌ.

A2: مَسِيحٌ (tropical:) Multum coiens; as also ↓ مَاسِحٌ. (K.) b2: مَسِيحٌ Erring greatly. (TA.) b3: مَسِيحٌ A great liar; one who lies much; as also ↓ مَاسِحٌ and ↓ مِمْسَحٌ (K) and ↓ تِمْسَحٌ (Lh, K) and ↓ أَمْسَحُ, (TA,) the fem. of which last is مَسْحَآءُ. (K, TA.) See مَاسِحٌ.

A3: مَسِيحٌ Very veracious; syn. صِدِّيقٌ: (K, L, TA: in the CK صَدِيقٌ:) a meaning unknown to many of the lexicologists, and probably obsolete in their time. (L.) A4: مَسِيحٌ Created blessed, and goodly; (L;) created (مَمْسُوحٌ) with blessing, or prosperity: (K:) b2: and, contr., created accursed, and foul, or ugly; (L;) created with unfortunateness. (K.) مِسَاحَةٌ (tropical:) Mensuration of land. (Msb.) [See also 1.] b2: See also تَكْسِيرٌ.

مَسِيحَةٌ i. q. ذُؤَابَةٌ, [a portion, or lock, of hair hanging down loosely from the middle of the head to the back; or the hair of the fore part of the head; the hair over the forehead; or the part whence that hair grows; or a plait of hair hanging down; &c.]: (S, L, K:) or hair that is left without its being dressed with oil or anything else: or that part of a man's head that is between the ear and the eyebrow, rising to the part below that where the sutures of the scull unite: or that part of the side of the hair upon which a man puts his hand, next to his ear: or the hair of each side of the head: pl. مَسَائِحُ: or مسائح signifies the place which a man wipes with his hand: or, accord. to As, the hair: or, accord. to Sh, the hair which one wipes with his hand, upon his cheek and his head. (L.) b2: See مَسِيحٌ.

A2: مَسِيحَةٌ A bow: (S, K:) or an excellent bow: (L.) pl. مَسَائحُ. (S, K.) مَسَّاحٌ (tropical:) A measurer of land; (TA;) as also ↓ مَسِيحٌ. (L.) مِسِّيحٌ and المِسِّيحُ: see مَسِيحٌ.

بِهِ مَاسِحٌ He (a camel) has a fretting of the edge of the callosity upon his breast, produced by his elbow, without making it bleed: if he make it bleed, you say بِهِ حَازٌّ: (S, L:) and he has a chafing of his arm-pit produced by his elbow, but not violent, by reason of the disease called ضَاغِط. (L.) b2: See مَسِيحٌ. b3: مَاسِحٌ and ↓ مَسِيحٌ A great slayer; one who slays much, or many. (Az, L.) مَاسِحَةٌ A woman who combs and dresses hair; syn. مَاشِطَةٌ. (S.) أَمْسَحُ A flat place, with small pebbles, and without plants, or herbage. (S.) b2: مَسْحَآءُ A plain tract of land, with small pebbles, (S, K,) and without plants, or herbage: (S:) [ex.] مَرَرْتُ بِخَرِيقٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ بِيْنَ مَسْحَاوَيْنِ [I passed by a depressed tract of land containing herbage between two plain tracts containing small pebbles and without herbage]: (Fr, S:) or a piece of flat ground, bare, abounding with pebbles, containing no trees nor herbage, rugged, somewhat hard, like a flat place in which camels &c. are confined, or in which dates are dried, not what is termed قُفّ, nor what is termed سَهْلَة: (ISh:) pl. مَسَاحٍ and مَسَاحى [i. e. مَسَاحَى or مَسَاحِىُّ]; pl. forms proper to substs.; as it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates. (L.) b3: Also مَسْحآءُ Red land. (K.) b4: مَسْحَآءُ A woman having little flesh in her posteriors and thighs; or foul, ugly, or unseemly; syn. رَسْحَآءُ. (S.) [In the K., الأَرْضُ الرَّسْحَآءُ, given as an explanation of المَسْحَآءُ, is an evident mistake for المَرْأَةُ الرَّسْحَآءُ, as observed by Freytag.] b5: أَمْسَحُ, or أَمْسَحُ القَدَمِ, A man having a flat sole to his foot, without any hollow: (L:) fem. مَسْحَآءُ: (L, K:) and ↓ مَسِيحٌ, or القَدَمَيْنِ ↓ مَسِيحُ, signifies the same: and also having smooth and soft feet, without fissures or chaps, so that they repel water when it falls upon them. (L.) b6: Also مَسْحَآءُ, (K,) or مسحآءُ الثَّدْىِ, (L,) A woman whose breast has no bulk. (L, K.) b7: Also مَسْحَآءُ A one-eyed woman: [see also مَسِيحٌ:] and such as is termed بِخْقَآءُ, whose eye is not مُلَوَّزَة: so in [most of] the copies of the K., but in some, بِلَّوْرَة: (TA:) [the meaning seems to be whose eye has no crystalline humour]. b8: أَمْسَحُ A man having little flesh in his posteriors and thighs; or having small buttocks sticking together; syn. ارسح: fem. مَسْحَآءُ: pl. مُسْحٌ. (L.) b9: أَمْسَحَ A man (S) having the inner sides of his thighs rubbing together (S, L, K) so as to become sore and chapped: (L:) or having the inner side of his knee inflamed by the roughness of his garment: (L, K:) fem. مَسْحَآءُ, and pl. مُسْحٌ. (L.) b10: غَارَةٌ مَسْحَآءُ (tropical:) A hostile attack, or incursion, by a troop of horse, in which the attacking party passes lightly by the party attacked, or brushes by them, without remaining by them. (L, from a trad.) b11: See مَسِيحٌ.

أَمْسَح [app. used as a subst., and therefore with, or without, tenween,] A flat tract of land: pl. أَمَاسِحُ. (TA.) b2: A smooth desert; or smooth waterless desert. (Lth.) أُمْسُوحٌ Any long piece of wood in a ship: (K:) pl. أَمَاسِيحٌ. (TA.) مِمْسَحٌ and مِمْسَحَةٌ: see مَسِيحٌ.

مَمْسُوحُ الأَلْيَتَيْنِ Having the buttocks cleaving to the bone, and small. (L.) b2: مَمْسُوحٌ A eunuch whose testicles have been extirpated. (TA.) b3: عَضُدٌ مَمْسُوحَةٌ An arm, from the shoulder to the elbow, having little flesh. (TA.) b4: مَمْسُوحُ A thing foul, or ugly, and unfortunate, and changed from its proper form, or make. (TA.) [See art. مسخ.]

تِمْسَحٌ A dissembler; a deceiver; (K;) one who blandishes, soothes, or wheedles, one with his words, and deceives him. (TA.) b2: تِمْسَحٌ An audacious, or insolent, and wicked, or corrupt, man: (L, K:) or a great liar, who, if asked, will not tell thee truly whence he comes; who lies to thee even as to the place whence he comes. (L.) [See also مَسِيحٌ.] b3: See تِمْسَاحٌ.

تِمْسَاحٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ تِمْسَحٌ, (Msb, K,) the latter app. a contraction of the former, (Msb,) [The crocodile]; a well-known aquatic animal, (S,) a creature like the tortoise, of great size, found in the Nile of Egypt and in the river Mihrán, (K,) which is the river of Es-Sind; (TA;) or [rather] resembling the وَرَل about five cubits long, and less; that seizes men and oxen, and dives into the water with them and devours them: pl. of the former تَمَاسِيحٌ, and of the latter تَمَاسِحُ. (Msb.)

دجن

1 دَجَنَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. دَجْنٌ and دُجُونٌ, It (a day) was, or became, one in which the clouds covered the sky: (S:) and دَغَنَ, inf. n. دُغُونٌ, signifies the same, accord. to IAar. (TA. [See also 4.]) b2: دَجَنَتِ السَّحَابُ i. q. ↓ ادجنت [meaning The clouds rained continually]: (TA:) [for]

السَّمَآءُ ↓ ادجنت signifies the sky rained continually: (S, K:) [or دَجَنَتِ السَّحَابُ and ↓ ادجنت may mean the clouds covered the sky, or the regions of the sky, or the earth: for] ↓ الدَّجْنُ [is app. the inf. n. of the former verb, and] signifies the clouds' covering (S, M, K) the sky, (S,) or the regions of the sky, (M, K,) or the earth. (K.) b3: دَجَنَ بِالمَكَانِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. دُجُونٌ (S, Msb, K) and دَجْنٌ, (Msb,) (tropical:) He remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, in the place; (S, Msb, K, TA;) kept to it, or became accustomed to it: (TA:) and so ↓ ادجن. (S, Msb.) b4: And hence, (TA,) دَجَنَ said of the pigeon, and the sheep or goat, &c., (K, TA,) as, for instance, the camel, (TA,) (tropical:) It kept to the house or tent. (K, TA.) b5: And دَجَنَتْ لِلسِّنَاوَةِ (assumed tropical:) She (a camel) was, or became, accustomed to irrigating the land. (TA.) b6: And دَجَنَ فِى فِسْقِهِ (tropical:) He continued in his transgression, or wickedness, or unrighteousness. (TA.) And دَجَنُوا فِى

لُؤْمِهِمْ (tropical:) They kept to their baseness, or ungenerousness; not abandoning it. (TA.) And ↓ ادجن المَطَرُ, and الحُمَّى ↓ ادجنت, (tropical:) The rain, and the fever, continued (IAar, K) incessantly for some days. (IAar, TA.) 3 داجنهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُدَاجَنَةٌ, (S, M, TA,) He endeavoured to conciliate him; treated him with gentleness, or blandishment; soothed, coaxed, wheedled, beguiled, or deluded, him; syn. دَاهَنَهُ: (K:) in the S it is said that مُدَاجَنَةٌ is like مُدَاهَنَةٌ: in the M, that it signifies the mixing in familiar, or social, intercourse, or conversing, in a good manner. (TA.) [Golius assigns to داجن another signification of داهن; namely “ He held in contempt;” as on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which it is not mentioned; nor can I find it elsewhere.]4 أَدْجَنَ see 1, in six places. b2: ادجن also signifies It (a day) became one of much rain; and so ↓ اِدْجَوْجَنَ: (K:) or the latter has a more intensive meaning, i. e. it became cloudy with mist or vapour, and dark [with rain]; and [simply] it became dark, or obscure. (TA. [See also 1, first sentence.]) b3: And ادجنو They entered into [or upon a time of] much rain. (AAF, K.) 12 اِدْجَوْجَنَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَجْنٌ: see 1, second sentence: and see also دُجُنَّةٌ [which has the same, or a similar, signification]. Accord. to Az, it signifies The shade of the clouds in a day of rain. (TA.) b2: Also Much, or abundant, rain: (Az, S, Msb, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَدْجَانٌ and [of mult.] دُجُونٌ and دُجُنٌ and دِجَانٌ. (K.) You say يَوْمُ دَجْنٍ and يَوْمٌ دَجْنٌ and ↓ يَوْمُ دُجُنَّةٍ and يَوْمٌ دُجُنَّةٌ [app. meaning, accord. to the K, A day of much, or abundant, rain; but it seems to be indicated in the S that the meaning is a day of clouds covering the whole sky, full of moisture, and dark, but containing no rain]: and in like manner one says of the night [app. لَيلَةُ دَجْنٍ and لَيْلَةٌ دَجْنٌ as well as ↓ لَيْلَةٌ دُجُنَّةٍ and لَيْلَةٌ دُجُنَّةٌ]: using the latter word both as the complement of a prefixed noun and as an epithet. (Az, S, K.) دُجْنٌ: see دُجُنَّةٌ.

دُجْنَةٌ [or ↓ دُجُنَّةٌ ?] Rain: so in the phrase يَوْمٌ ذُو دُجْنَةٍ [or دُجُنَّةٍ ?] a day of rain; as also ذُو دُغْنَةٍ [or دُغُنَّةٍ]. (TA.) b2: See also دُجُنَّةٍ. b3: Also, (S, K,) in the colours of camels, (S,) The ugliest kind of blackness. (S, K.) دُجُنٌّ: see the next paragraph, in three places.

دُجُنَّةٌ (Az, S, K) and ↓ دِجِنَّةٌ and ↓ دُجُنٌّ (K) Clouds covering the whole sky, full of moisture, and dark, but containing no rain; (Az, S, K;) pl. ↓ دُجُنٌّ [or this is a coll. gen. n. of which دُجُنَّةٌ is the n. un., though said to be syn. with this last, as well as a pl.]: (K:) and darkness; syn. ظُلْمَةٌ: or the first of these words (دُجُنَّةٌ) has this last signification; i. e. ظُلْمَةٌ, or ظَلْمَآءُ; [thus in some copies of the K and in the TA; but in other copies of the K ظَلْمَآءُ only;] and is also without teshdeed; (K;) i. e., it is also written ↓ دُجْنَةٌ, as in the “ Book ” of Sb: this is explained by Seer [and in the S] as syn. with ظُلْمَةٌ; and, accord. to Sb, its pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] is ↓ دُجْنٌ; but in the S it is said that its pl. is دُجَنٌ, i. e. like صُرَدٌ, and دُجُنَاتٌ and دُجَنَاتٌ: (TA: [but in one copy of the S, I find دُجْنٌ and دُجْنَاتٌ; and in another, دُجَنٌ and دُجُنَاتٌ:]) and ↓ دُجُنٌّ is syn. with ↓ دَجْنٌ [q. v.]: (K, TA: [in the CK, الدُّجُنُ is erroneously put for الدُّجُنُّ; and الدَّجْنُ, which should immediately follow it, is omitted:]) the pl. of دُجُنَّةٌ is دُجُنَّاتٌ. (TA.) b2: دُجُنَّةٌ also signifies The clouds' covering the earth, and being heaped; one upon another, and thick. (K, * TA.) b3: See also دَجْنٌ, in two places: and see دُجْنَةٌ.

دِجِنَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دَجُونٌ: see دَاجِنٌ, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A ewe or she-goat that does not withhold her udder from the lambs or kids of another. (TA.) دَاجِنٌ act. part. n. of 1. Hence,] دَاجِنَةٌ A rain (مَطْرَةٌ, in two copies of the S مَاطِرَةٌ,) overspreading, or covering, [the earth,] like that which is termed دِيمَةٌ [i. e. lasting, or continuous, and still, &c.]. (Az, S, K. [Freytag has written the word, as on the authority of the K, دَجْنَة.]) And سَحَابَةٌ دَاجِنَةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ مُدْجِنَةٌ (S) A cloud raining (S, Msb) much, or continually. (S. [Which of these two meanings is intended in the S is not clearly shown.]) b2: جَمَلٌ دَاجِنٌ and ↓ دَجُونٌ (assumed tropical:) A he-camel that irrigates land; or that is used for drawing water upon him for the irrigation of land; syn. سَانٍ

[q. v.]: (K:) or that is accustomed to the irrigation of land, or to be used for drawing water upon him for that purpose: (TA:) and ↓ مَدْجُونَةٌ applied to a she-camel has this latter signification. (K, TA.) b3: And دَاجِنٌ (S, Mgh, K) and رَاجِنٌ, and some of the Arabs say دَاجِنَةٌ, (ISk, S,) applied to a sheep or goat (شَاةٌ), (ISk, S, Mgh, K,) and a pigeon, (K,) &c., (ISk, S, K,) as, for instance, a camel, (TA,) (tropical:) That keeps to the houses or tents; (ISk, S, Mgh, K, TA;) domesticated, or familiar, or tame: (ISk, S:) the first (داجن) occurs in a trad. as meaning a sheep or goat home-fed; that is fed by men in their places of abode: (TA:) pl. دَوَاجِنُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) applied to sheep or goats and pigeons and the like that keep to the houses or tents; (Msb; [in which it is added that some say دَاجِنَةٌ;]) by ElKarkhee said to be contr. of سَائِمَةٌ; (Mgh;) and applied by Lebeed to dogs used for the chase, (S,) in this instance meaning trained, or taught: (EM p. 164:) or دَاجِنٌ applied to a dog means that keeps to the houses or tents; and so ↓ دَجُونٌ. (TA) أَدْجَنُ A camel (S) of the colour termed دُجْنَةٌ: fem. دَجْنَآءُ. (S, K.) مُدْجِنَةٌ: see دَاجِنٌ.

لَيْلَةٌ مِدْجَانٌ A dark night. (K.) b2: شَاةٌ مِدْجَانٌ [A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat,] that keeps to the lambs or kids, or is familiar with them, and affects them. (IB, TA.) مَدْجُونَةٌ: see دَاجِنٌ.

نضج

1 نَضِجَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نُضْجٌ and نَضْجٌ, (S, K, &c.,) or these are [properly] simple substs., (the former accord. to the L, and both accord. to the Msb,) and the inf. n. is نَضَجٌ, (Msb,) It (fruit, الثَّمَرُ, S, K, [in the CK التَّمْرُ, or dates,] as grapes, and dates, TA, and flesh-meat, S, K, whether dried in the sun or roasted, TA, [or cooked in any way,]) attained to a perfect state of fitness for being used, or for being eaten: it (fruit) became ripe, or mature: it (flesh-meat) became thoroughly cooked. (S, K, &c.) See 2.

[And It (the skin of one tormented in Hell) became thoroughly burned: see Kur iv. 59.] b2: It (an ulcer or the like) became ripe, or suppurated.]2 نَضَّجَتِ النَّاقَةُ بِوَلَدِهَا, (S, K,) and بِهِ ↓ نَضَجَتْ, (K,) and نَضَّجَتْ وَلَدَهَا, (L,) (tropical:) She (a camel) exceeded the usual period of gestation by a month, or thereabout: (L:) or exceeded the year and did not bring forth: (S, K:) was pregnant, and exceeded the year, counting from the time when she conceived, and did not bring forth. (As.) Th uses the expression نضّجت ولدها as signifying She (a woman) exceeded the usual period of gestation, namely nine months; or did so by a month: in which case the child is more strong for the delay. (TA.) b2: نَضَّجَتِ النَّاقَةُ بِلَبَنِهَا (tropical:) The she-camel attained the utmost point with her milk: but ISd thinks it a mistake for نضّجت بولدها. (L.) A2: See 4.4 انضج He rendered fruit, or flesh-meat, (whether dried in the sun or roasted, TA, [or cooked in any way],) perfectly fit for being used, or for being eaten: rendered ripe, or mature: thoroughly cooked: (S, K:) it (the proper time) rendered fruit ripe, or mature; ripened, or matured it. (TA.) b2: AHn uses this verb in a strange manner, explaining the expression نَبَاتٌ مَهْرُوْءٌ by the words أَلَّذِى قَدْ

أَنْضَجَهُ البَرْدُ [meaning, a plant, or herbage, that is nipped, shrunk, shrivelled, or blasted, by the cold]: this is strange because إِنْضَاج is an effect of heat; not of cold. (M.) [See أَحْرَقَ.] b3: أَنْضِجْ رَأْيَكَ (tropical:) Mature thy judgment, or thine opinion]. (A.) b4: لَا يُنْضِجُ السكُرَاعَ, (L,) or كُرَاعًا ↓ لَا يَسْتَنْضِجُ, (A,) [He does not thoroughly cook the slender part of the leg of a sheep, or the like]: i. e., he is weak, and of no use, or does not possess a competence. (L.) b5: [انضج also signifies It matured, or caused to suppurate, an ulcer or the like; as also ↓ نضّج.]10 إِسْتَنْضَجَ see 4.

نَضْخٌ: see نُضْجٌ.

نُضْجٌ and ↓ نَضْجٌ: see 1. b2: As simple subst., in relation to fruit, or to flesh-meat. A perfect state of fitness for being used, or for being eaten. ripeness, or maturity: the state of being thoroughly cooked. (L, Msb.) نَضِيجٌ and ↓ نَاضِجٌ (S, K) and ↓ مُنْضَجٌ (TA) Fruit, and flesh-meat, (whether dried in the sun or roasted, TA, [or cooked in any way,]) in a perfect state of fitness for being used, or for being eaten: ripe, or mature: thoroughly cooked: (S, K, &c.:) pl. [of the first, and perhaps of the second also,] نِضَاجٌ. (TA.) b2: نَضِيجُ الرَّأُي (tropical:) A man of sound, [or mature] judgment. (S, K.) b3: ↓ أَمْرٌ مُنْضَجُ (tropical:) [A matured affair; and affair soundly, or thoroughly, managed] (A.) نَاضِجُ: see نَضِيجٌ.

مُنْضَجٌ: see نَضِيجٌ.

مُنْضِجٌ: see what follows.

مُنَضِّجٌ (S, L, K) and ↓ مُنْضِجٌ and each with ة (L) (tropical:) A she-camel that exceeds the usual period of gestation by a month, or thereabout: (L:) or that exceeds the year and does not bring forth: (S, K:) pl. مُنَضِجَاتْ (S) and مُنْضِجَاتٌ. (L.) See an ex. voce قِرَابٌ. b2: [Also both, but the latter the more common, A suppurative medicine.]

مِنْضَاجٌ An iron instrument for roasting flesh-meat; syn. سَفَّودٌ. (K.)

نوح

1 نَاحَتِ المَرْأَةُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَوْحٌ and نِيَاحٌ (S, K) and نُوَاحٌ, (L, K,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) and نِيَاحَةٌ, (A, L, K,) or this also is a simple subst., (S, Msb, [and as such it is also mentioned in the K,]) and مَنَاحٌ (K) and مَنَاحَةٌ, (L,) [The woman wailed]. You say نَاحَتْ عَلَى

المَيِّتِ, (Msb,) and عَلَى زَوْجِهَا, and نَاحَتْهُ, (L, K,) but ناحت عَلَيْهِ is preferred, (TA,) [She wailed for, or bewailed, the dead, and, her husband]. Also, نَاحَ على الميّت. (A.) نَاحَ and ↓ استناح are syn. (L, K.) [In the S it is implied that it is tropical: see نَائِحَة: but in the A it is said to be proper.] b2: نَاحَتِ الحَمَامَةُ, (L,) inf. n. نَوْحٌ, (L, K,) The pigeon cooed (L, K) in a plaintive or wailing manner. (L.) Some say that this is tropical; but most, that it is proper. (MF.) b3: الطَّيْرُ تَنُوحُ [The birds warble plaintively.] (A.) 3 ناوح بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا One of them was opposite to, or faced, another. Said of mountains, and in like manner of winds. (S, L.) 5 تنوّح It (a thing) moved about, hanging down; it dangled. (S, K.) 6 الطَّيْرُ تَتَنَاوَحُ [The birds warble plaintively, one to another]. (A.) See an ?? in art. فوح, conj. 6. b2: تناوحتِ الرِّيَاحُ The winds blew violently [as is generally the case when they blow from opposite directions]. (TA.) See an ex. voce سهو. b3: تناوحا They two were opposite, one to the other; they faced each other. (S, K.) You say so of two mountains, and of two winds. (S, L.) 10 إِسْتَنْوَحَ see 1. b2: استناح He (a wolf) howled, (L, K,) and was listened to and followed by other wolves. (L.) b3: He (a man) wept and induced another, or others, to weep: (K:) or he wept so as to induce another, or others, to weep. (L.) نَوْحٌ: see نَائِحَةٌ.

نَوْحَةٌ and ↓ نَيْحَةٌ Strength; force. (L.) نَيْحَةٌ: see نَوْحَةٌ.

نُوَاحٌ: see نِيَاحَةٌ.

نِيَاحَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ نُوَاحٌ (Msb) substs. from نَاحَتِ المَرْأَةُ, q. v. [A wailing, or bewailing a dead person].

نُوَّحٌ: see نَائِحَةٌ.

نَيِّحَةُ رِيحٍ أُخْرَى A counterwind, or wind which is the opposite, of another wind. (S, A. L.) One that blows transversely with respect to another is called the نَسِيجَة of the latter. (S, L.) نَوَّاحَةٌ: see نائِحَةٌ.

النَّوَاحِى: see نَائِحَةٌ.

نَائِحَةٌ [A wailing woman]: (Msb:) pl. نَوَائِحُ and نَائِحَاتٌ: and you also say ↓ نِسَآءٌ نَوْحٌ, and أَنْوَاحٌ, and ↓ نُوَّحٌ: (S, K:) نَوَائِحُ is an epithet applied to women who assemble in a مَنَاحَة: and ↓ مَنَاحَةٌ (also) and ↓ نَوْحٌ signify women who assemble together for the purpose of mourning. (L.) نَوَائِحُ are so called from التَّنَاوُح, signifying “ the being opposite, one to another: ” (S:) [if so, it is app. a tropical term: but accord. to the A, التناوح, as above explained, is tropical]. Also

↓ نَوَّاحَةٌ [A woman who wails much, or frequently; who is in the habit of wailing: a professional wailing woman]. Ex. هِىَ نَوَّاحَةُ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ [She is the professional wailing woman of the sons of such a one]. (A.) b2: حَمَامَةٌ نَائِحَةٌ. and ↓ نَوَّاحَةٌ, A pigeon that cooes in a plaintive or wailing manner. (L.) b3: نَوَائِحُ also signifies Standards, or ensigns, opposite one to another, in battle. (L.) b4: Also, Swords. In this sense, it occurs written ↓ النَّوَاحِى, by transposition. (Ks, L.) مَنَاحَةٌ A place of نَوْح [or wailing for a dead person]: (Msb:) pl. مَنَاحَاتٌ and مَنَاوِحُ. (A, L.) Ex. كُنَّا فِى مَنَاحَةِ فُلَانٍ [We were in the place of wailing of, or for, such a one]. (S, K.) b2: See نَائِحَةٌ.

الرِّيَاحُ المُتَنَاوِحَةُ The winds called النُّكْبُ: [see نَكْبَآءُ:] so called because they are opposite, one to another: they blow in times of drought, when rains are scanty, and when the air is dry, and the cold severe. (L.)

نهر

1 نَهَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) It (water) ran upon, or along, the ground, (S, TA,) and made for itself a نَهْر [or channel like that of a river]. (S.) See also 10. b2: It (anything, as in one copy of the S, or anything copious, as in another copy of the S and in the TA) ran, or flowed; (S, TA;) as also ↓ استنهر, (S,) or ↓ انتهر. (TA.) b3: It (blood) flowed with force: (Msb:) and ↓ أَنْهَرَ it (blood) flowed (K, TA) like a river: (TA:) and the latter also, it (a vein) flowed and would not stop; (K, TA;) meaning, it flowed like a river; (TA;) as also ↓ انتهر: (Sgh, K, TA:) and ↓ انهر also signifies the same said of the belly; (TA;) or it (the belly) became loose, or relaxed; or it discharged itself; (JK;) as also ↓ انتهر. (JK, K.) A2: نَهَرَ, (S, K.) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَهْرٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S) dug a نَهْر [or channel for a river]: (S, TA:) he made a نَهْر [or river] to run, or flow. (K, TA.) A3: نَهرَ, inf. n. نَهْرٌ, He made an inroad or incursion, or inroads or incursions, into the territory or territories of enemies, in the day-time. (TA.) A4: نَهَرَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. نَهْرٌ; (TA;) and ↓ انتهرهُ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.;) He chid him; he checked him, restrained him, or forbade him, with rough speech; syn. زَجَرَهُ, (Mgh, Msb, K, and so in a copy of the S,) or زَبَرَهُ, (as in another copy of the S,) بِكَلَامٍ غَلِيظٍ: (Mgh:) be addressed him with chiding speech, (JK, A,) forbidding him from doing evil. (JK. [in the TA, citing the last explanation from the T, عَنْ خَيْرٍ is erroneously put for عَنْ شَرٍّ.]) It is said in the Kur, [xciii. 10,] وَأَمَّا السَّائِلَ فَلَا تَنْهَرْ [And as for the beggar, thou shalt not chide him, or address him with rough speech]. And in a trad., مَنِ انْتَهَرَ صَاحِبَ بِدْعَةٍ مَلَأَ اللّٰهُ قَلْبَهُ أَمْنًا وِإِيمَانًا وَأَمَّنَهُ اللّٰهُ مِنَ الفَزَعِ الْأَكْبَر [Whoso chideth, or checketh with rough speech, the author of an innovation in religion, God will fill his heart with security and faith, and God will preserve him from the greatest terror]. (TA.) 4 انهر: see 1. in three places.

A2: (tropical:) He made blood to flow: (S:) or to appear and flow: (K:) or to flow amply and copiously: (Mgh:) or to flow with force: (Msb:) or he poured it forth copiously. (TA.) It is said in a trad., أَنْهِرِ الدَّمَ بِمَا شِئْتَ إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ سِنِّ أَوْ ظُفُرٍ [Make thou the blood to flow, &c., with what thou pleasest, except with what is made of a tooth or a talon.] (Mgh, Msb.) The issuing forth of the blood from the place of slaughter is likened to the flowing of water in a river. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He made it wide; (S, K;) namely, a spear-wound or the like, (S, TA,) or a نَهْر [or channel of a river], as is implied in the K, but in other lexicons as in the S. (TA.) A3: He was, or became, in day-time: (S, * K, * TA:) he entered upon day-time: (MS:) from النَّهَارُ. (S.) 8 إِنْتَهَرَ see 1, in five places.10 إِسْتَنْهَرَ see 1. b2: It (a river [in the CK النَّهْرَ is put by mistake for النَّهْرُ]) took a place, (JK,) or a settle place, (K,) for its channel. (JK, K.) b3: It (a thing) became wide. (S.) نَهْرٌ and ↓ نَهَرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) A channel in which water runs: (A, K:) so most say: or the water itself [that runs therein; i. e., a river; a rivulet; a brook; a canal of running water]: (TA:) or a wide channel in which water runs: originally, the water [that runs therein]: (Mgh:) or properly, wide running water: and by a secondary application, which is tropical. (tropical:) the trench or channel [in which it runs]: (Msb, TA *:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْهُرٌ, (Msb, K,) a pl. of the former, (Msb,) and أَنْهَارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) a pl. of the latter, (Msb,) [but used as a pl. of either, both of pauc. and of mult. and the most common of all the pls.,] and نُهُرٌ, (Msb, and so in some copies of the K,) with two dammehs, a pl. of the former, (Msb,) or نُهْرٌ, (as in some copies of the K and in the TA,) and نُهُورٌ, (IAar, K.) You say, جَرَى النَّهْرُ [The river ran, or flowed]; like as you say, جَرَى المِيزَابُ. (Msb.) And نَهْرٌ كَثِير المَآءِ [A channel of running water having much water]. (A.) And ↓ نَهَرٌ is also used in a pl. sense: as in the Kur, [liv. 54], فِى جَنَّاتٍ وَنَهَرٍ [In gardens and among rivers], i. e., أَنْهَارِ; like the phrase in the Kur, (same chap. verse 45,] وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبْرَ, (Fr, S.) meaning الأَدْبَارَ, (Fr, TA:) but it is otherwise explained. (S.) See نَهَرٌ below.

نَهَرٌ: see نَهْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Amplitude: (K:) or light and amplitude: so, accord. to some, in the Kur, liv. 54, differently explained above: see نَهْرٌ, (S, TA.) or, accord. to Th, نَهَر is a pl. [or rather quasi pl.] of نُهُرٌ, which is a pl. of نهَارٌ. (TA.) نَهِرٌ Much, (TA;) as also ↓ نَهيرٌ; (K, TA;) both applied to water. (TA.) b2: A wide نَهْر [or river, or channel in which water runs]. (K.) A2: رَخُلٌ نَهِرٌ A man of day-time; syn. صَاحِبُ نَهَارٍ; (S, K;) who makes inroads or incursions into the territories of enemies therein: (S:) or who works therein: (A:) a kind of rel. n.; as is shown by the ex.

لَسْتُ بِلَيْلِىٍّ وَلٰكِنِّى نهِرٌ لَا أُدْلِجُ اللَّيْلَ وَلٰكِنْ أَبْتَكِرْ [I am not one of the night-time, but I am one of the day-time; I do not journey in the night, but I go forth early in the morning]: as though he said ↓ نَهَارِىّ. (Sb.) The verse is correctly related as above; not as it is given in the S. (IB.) b2: See also أَنْهَرُ.

نَهَارٌ Day; or day-time; contr. of لَيْلٌ: (S, TA:) or broad daylight, (Mgh,) from sunrise to sunset: (Mgh, Msb, K:) this is the original signification: (TA;) or this is the signification in the vulgar conventional language: but in the classical language it signifies the time from the rising of the dawn to sunset: (Msb:) or the light between the rising of the dawn and sunset: (K:) and so accord. to the lawyers: (TA:) in the trads., it is the whiteness of the نهار, and the blackness of the ليل; and there is nothing intervening between the ليل and the نهار: but sometimes the Arabs amplified, and applied نهار to the time from the clear shining of the dawn to the setting [of the sun]: (Msb.) or (so accord. to the TA. but in some copies of the K, and the spreading of the light [which is a cause] of sight and its dispersion: (K:) in this explanation in the L, in the place of وَافْتِرَاقُهُ we find وَاجْتِمَاعُهُ [and its collecting together]: (TA:) it is also syn. with يَوْمٌ; and is so when used without restriction in the non-fundamental sciences of religion, (الفُرُوع,) as in the phrases صُمْ نَهَارًا [fast thou a day] and إِعْمَلْ نَهَارًا [work thou a day]: and it may be so used, or in its proper classical sense, when prefixed to يَوْم, governing the latter in the gen. case: (Msb:) it has no proper dual, (Mgh, Msb,) and no proper pl., (S, Mgh, Msb, K, (like عَذَابٌ and سَرَابٌ; (S, K;) the former of which, however, has a pl. assigned to it [by Zj and] in the K, namely, أَعْذِبَةٌ; (MF;) [and respecting the latter see شَرَابٌ, with ش;] [for] نهار is a name applied to every يَوْم [or day]; and لَيْلٌ, to every لَيْلَة [or night]: one does not say نَهَارٌ وَنَهَارَانِ, nor لَيْلٌ وَلَيْلَانِ: but the sing. of نهار is يَوْمٌ (TA.) and the dual, يَوْمَــانِ, (Msb, TA:) and the pl., أَيَّامٌ. (Msb:) and the contr. of يوْمٌ is لَيْلَةٌ, so says Az, on the authority of AH(??) (TA:) or it has pls.: namely, أَنْهُرٌ, (IAar, S, K,) a pl. of pauc., (S,) in some lexicons أَنْهِرَةٌ, (TA,) also a pl. of pauc.,] and نُهُرٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a pl. of mult. (S) [See also نَهَرٌ.] Ibn-Keys(??) cites the following ex., لَوْلَا الثَّرِيدَان لَمُتْنَا بِالضُّمُرْ ثَرِيدُ لَيْلٍ وَثرِيدٌ بِالنَّهُرْ [Were it not for the two thereeds (or messes of crumbled bread moistened with broth), we had died of leanness: the thereed of night, and thereed in the day-times]. (S.) نَهِيرٌ: see نَهِرٌ.

نَهَارِىٌّ: see نَهِرٌ. b2: Food that is eaten in the beginning of the day. (TA.) نَهَارٌ أَنْهَرُ, and ↓ نَهرٌ, [A bright day:] in each of these phrases the epithet has an intensive effect, (K, * TA,) as the epithet in لَيْلٌ أَلْيَلُ. (TA.) مَنْهَرٌ The place of a river. (T, TA.) b2: A place which the water hollows out in a نَهْر [or channel of a river]. (K.) b3: A cleft, (K, TA,) or hole, (TA,) in a fortress, passing through [the wall], whence water runs. (K, TA,) or by which water enters: (TA:) pl. مَنَاهِرُ. (TA.)

قرب

1 قَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قُرْبٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb *) and قُرْبَةٌ and قَرَابَةٌ and قُرْبَى (Mgh, Msb) and مَقْرَبَةٌ, (Mgh,) [to which may be added some other syns. mentioned below with قُرْبٌ and قَرَابَةٌ,] It, and he, was, or became, near; (S, Mgh, O;) syn. دَنَا; (S, O;) contr. of بَعُدَ: (Mgh:) or قُرْبٌ is in place, and قُرْبَةٌ is in station, or grade, or rank, and قَرَابَةٌ and قُرْبَى are in الرَّحِم [meaning relationship, or relationship by the female side]; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) or, accord. to the T, قَرَابَةٌ is in النَّسَب [app. relationship in a general sense], and قُرْبَى is in الرَّحِم [app. as meaning relationship by the female side]: (TA:) You say, قَرُبَ مِنْهُ, (A, MA, Msb, K,) and إِلَيْهِ; (A;) and قَرِبَهُ, (S, MA, O, K,) aor. ـَ (S, K;) inf. n. (of the former verb, Msb) قُرْبٌ, (Msb, K,) or قُرْبٌ and قُرْبَةٌ &c. as above, (Msb,) or قُرْبٌ and مَقْرَبَةٌ and مَقْرُبَةٌ; (MA;) and (of the latter verb, S, MA, O) قِرْبَانٌ (S, MA, O, K) and قُرْبَانٌ; (K;) he (a man, S, O) was, or became, near to it; (S, A, MA, O, K;) syn. دَنَا: (S, A, O, K:) or the former verb means thus; but when one says لَا تَقْرَبْ كَذَا with fet-h to the ر, the meaning is, occupy not thyself with doing such a thing: (MF, TA, &c.:) or قَرِبْتُ الأَمْرَ, aor. ـَ and قَرَبْتُهُ, aor. ـُ i. e., like تَعِبَ and like قَتَلَ, inf. n. قِرْبَانٌ, signifies I did the thing, or affair; or I was, or became, near, or I approached, to it, or to doing it [or to doing something with it or to it]: an ex. of the former meaning is the saying [in the Kur xvii. 34], لَا تَقْرَبُوا الزِّنَا [Commit not ye fornication, or adultery; or, accord. to some, this is an ex. of the latter meaning]; and hence one says, قَرِبْتُ المَرْأَةَ, inf. n. قِرْبَانٌ, a metonymical phrase, meaning I compressed the woman: and an ex. of the latter meaning is the saying, لَا تَقْرَبُوا الحِمَى i. e. لَا تَدْنُوا مِنْهُ [meaning Approach not ye to doing, or to entering upon, the thing, or place, that is prohibited, or interdicted]. (Msb.) And the Arabs say, of a man, when a thing has disquieted, or disturbed, and grieved, him, أَخَذَهُ مَا قَرُبَ وَمَا بَعُدَ, as though meaning (assumed tropical:) He became, or has become, disquieted by reason of near and remote circumstances of his case: (O:) or recent and old griefs took hold upon him. (Mgh in art. قدم. [See art. بعد.]) دَنَا مِنِّى وَقَرُبَ is expl. by Zj as meaning He drew near to me and drew nearer. (T in art. دلو: see 5 in that art.) [And several other verbs belonging to this art. are syn., or nearly so, with قَرُبَ or with قَرِبَ in senses expl. above. Thus ↓ اقرب is syn. with قَرُبَ in the first of the senses expl. above, like as أَدْنَى is with دَنَا, for its inf. n.]

الإِقْرَابُ signifies الدُّبُوُّ. (TA.) ↓ اقترب, also, is syn. with قَرُبَ in the first of the senses expl. above; (MA;) [i. e.] it is syn. with دَنَا: (Msb:) or it is syn. with ↓ تقارب, (S, O, K, TA,) signifying he, or it, drew near; (TA;) thus ↓ وَاقْتَرَبَ الوَعْدُ [in the Kur xxi. 97] signifies تقارب [meaning And the fulfilment of the promise shall draw near]: (S, O, TA:) and you say, اقترب مِنِّى

[meaning He drew near to me]: (A:) it is also said that is has a more particular signification than قَرُبَ; for it denotes intensiveness in القُرْب; thus says Ibn-'Arafeh; probably meaning that it denotes labour and difficulty in the accomplishment of the act. (MF, TA.) ↓ تقرّب [likewise] is syn. with [قَرُبَ, i. e.] دَنَا, in the phrase تقرّب مِنْهُ: (O: [see قَرُبَ مِنْهُ:]) or it signifies he drew near, or approached, by little and little, (تَدَنَّى,) to a thing. (TA.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ قارب, (ISd, TA,) or الأَمْرَ, (Msb,) [like قَرِبَهُ in many instances,] signifies He was, or became, near, or he approached, to the thing, or affair, or to doing it. (ISd, Msb, TA.) b2: قَرُبَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قُرْبٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) He formed an opinion that was near to certainty. (MF.) b3: In the phrase قَرَبَتِ الشَّمْسُ لِلْمَغِيبِ [meaning The sun was, or became, near to setting], like كَرَبَت, the ق is asserted by Yaakoob to be a substitute for ك. (TA.) A2: قَرَبَ, aor. ـُ inf. in. قِرَابَةٌ, He (a man) journeyed to water, there being between him and it a night's journey. (S, O.) [See also أَقْرَبَ القَوْمُ. Or,] accord. to Lth, you say, قَرَبُوا, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَرَبٌ [q. v.], meaning They, after pasturing their camels in the tract between them and the wateringplace, and journeying on during a part of the time until there remained between them and the water a night, or an evening, hastened in their course. (TA.) And قَرَبَ الإِبِل [in some copies of the K الإِبِلَ and in others الإِبِلُ], aor. ـُ inf. n. قِرَابَةٌ; thus in the K; but accord. to Th, قَرَبَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَرَبٌ; (TA;) i. e. The camels journeyed by night in order to arrive at the water on the morrow: (K, * TA:) and [a man says, of himself,] قَرَبْتُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قِرَابَةٌ. (TA.) b2: And قَرَبْتُ المَآءَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَرَبٌ, so in the Fs [of Th, meaning I journeyed to the water by night in order to reach it on the following morning]. (TA.) [Or] you say, قَرَبُوا المَآءَ, meaning They sought, or sought to attain, the water. (A.) b3: And [hence] one says, فُلَانٌ يَقْرُبُ حَاجَتُهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Such a one seeks, or seeks to attain, the object of his want; from the seeking, or seeking to attain, the water: and hence the saying, in a trad., وَإِنْ نَقْرُبُ بِذٰلِكَ إِلَّا أَنْ نَحْمَدَ اللّٰهَ (assumed tropical:) We not seeking thereby [aught] save our praising God: thus expl. by El-Khattábee. (Az, TA.) [Hence, also,] one says قَدْ قَرَبَ أَمْرًا لَا أَدْرِى مَا هُوَ (tropical:) [He has sought to accomplish an affair, I know not what it is]: (A, O: *) and فُلَانٌ يَقْرُبُ أَمْرًا لَا يَسْهُلُ لَهُ (tropical:) [Such a one seeks to accomplish an affair that will not be easy to him]. (A.) فُلَانٌ يَقْرُبُ أَمْرًا means (assumed tropical:) Such a one seeks, desires, or aims at, [the accomplishment of] an affair, when he does a deed, or says a saying, with that object. (T, O, TA.) A3: قَرَبَ السَّيْفَ, (S, O,) inf. n. قَرْبٌ; (K;) and ↓ اقربهُ, (O,) inf. n. إِقْرَابٌ; (K;) He put the sword into the قِرَاب [q. v.]: (S, O, K:) or the former, (accord. to the K,) or ↓ the latter, (accord. to the S and TA,) he made for the sword a قِرَاب: (S, K, TA:) or ↓ the latter has both of these significations: (O:) or the former verb is said of a sword or of a knife in the former sense; and in like manner ↓ the latter verb in the latter sense: or the former phrase signifies he made for the sword a قِرَاب; and ↓ the latter phrase, he put the sword into its قِرَاب: and one says, قِرَابًا ↓ قرّب and ↓ اقربهُ, meaning he made a قِرَاب. (TA.) A4: قَرْبٌ [as an inf. n. of which the verb is قَرَبَ] also signifies The feeding a guest with the أَقْرَاب (O, K, TA) meaning flanks [of an animal or of animals, pl. of قُرْبٌ or قُرُبٌ]. (TA.) A5: And قَرِبَ, (O, K,) with kesr to the ر, (O,) like فَرِح, (K,) [aor. ـَ inf. n. app. قَرَبٌ,] He (a man, TA) had a complaint (O, K) of his قُرْب or قُرُب, (K,) [i. e.] of his flank; (O;) as also ↓ قرّب, (O, * K, [in the former this verb is only indicated by the mention of its inf. n.,]) inf. n. تَقْرِيبٌ. (O, K.) 2 قرّبهُ, inf. n. تَقْرِيبٌ, He made, or caused, to be, or become, near, caused to approach, or brought, or drew, near, him, or it. (S, O, Msb. *) [Hence the phrase قَرَّبَ اللّٰهُ دَارَكَ, which see in what follows.] b2: [And hence, He made him to be a near associate; he made him an object of, or took him into, favour: and (agreeably with an explanation of the pass. in the Ham p. 184) he made him, or rendered him, an object of honour.] One says, قَرَّبَهُ مِنْهُ meaning He (a king, or a governor, or prince, [or any other person who was either a superioror an equal,]) made him to be to him a قُرْبَان, i. e. [a near associate, or] a consessor, or a particular, or special, associate or companion [&c.: see قُرْبَانٌ]. (TA.) b3: قَرَّبَهُ إِلَيْهِمْ, in the Kur li. 27, means He presented it, or offered it, to them: (Jel:) or he placed it, or put it, before them. (Bd.) And one says also, قرّب خَصْمَهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ [He brought, or placed, his adversary before the Sultán]. (Mgh in art. رفع.) And ↓ قرّب لِلّٰهِ قَرْبَانًا [He offered, or presented, to God, an offering, or oblation]. (S, O: in the Msb, إِلَى اللّٰهِ.) b4: حَيَّا وَقَرَّبَ, (A, O,) inf. n. تَقْرِيبٌ, (K,) signifies (tropical:) He said, حَيَّاكَ اللّٰهُ وَقَرَّبَ دَارَكَ [May God preserve thee alive, or prolong thy life, and make thine abode to be near]: (A, O, K:) one says thus of a host to a visitor. (TA.) b5: And التَّقْرِيبُ signifies also The denoting nearness. (Mughnee and K * voce أَوْ, and Kull pp.82 and 83 and 124.) Thus what is termed تَصْغِيرُ التَّقْرِيبِ [The diminutive denoting nearness] is such as occurs in the saying, دَارِى قُبَيْلَ المَسْجِدِ [“ My house is a little before the mosque ”]. (Kull p. 124.) b6: And The advancing an argument in such a manner as renders the desired conclusion a necessary consequence. (MF.) b7: and A certain sort of عَدْو [or running] (S, O, K) of a horse: (S, O:) one says, of a horse, قرّب, inf. n. تَقْرِيبٌ, (S, A, O,) meaning he raised his fore legs together and put them down together (S, O, K *) in running: (S, O:) or he ran [as though] pelting the ground [with his hoofs]: (Az, TA:) and it is also said of other animals than the horse: but not of the camel: (MF:) [one sort of] التقريب is [a rate] less than الحُضْرُ; (S, A, O;) and more than الخَبَبُ: (El-Ámidee, MF:) there are two sorts of تقريب, called أَعْلَى

[which is a gallop] and أَدْنَى [which is a canter]: (S, O:) the former is termed الثَّعْلَبِيَّةُ; and the latter, الإِرْخَآءُ. (TA.) A2: See also 1, near the end, in two places.3 قَارَبْتُهُ, inf. n. مُقَارَبَةٌ [and قِرَابٌ], I was, or became, near to him, or it; contr. of بَاعَدْتُهُ. (Msb.) See 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b2: One says of a vessel, (S, O, K,) قارب أَنْ يَمْتَلِئَ (S, O) or قارب الاِمْتِلَآءَ (K) [It was, or became, near to being full]: قارب [thus used] is the verb from قَرْبَانُ [q. v.], and قَرُبَ is not used in its stead. (Sb, TA.) And one says also, قارب مِلْأَهُ [It was, or became, nearly equal, or it nearly amounted, to what would fill it]. (Msb.), And قارب قَدْرَهُ [It was, or became, nearly equal, or equivalent, to its quantity, or amount; or it was, or became, nearly equivalent to it]. (K, TA.) [And hence the term أَفْعَالُ المُقَارَبَةِ The verbs of appropinquation; as كَادَ &c.] b3: قارب الخَطْوَ He made the stepping to be contracted; syn. دَانَاهُ; (Az, K, TA;) [i. e. he made short steps: made his steps to be near together;] said of a horse. (TA.) And قارب كَلَامَهُ [He made the several portions of his speech, i. e. he made his words, to be near together; so that it means he uttered his speech rapidly]. (K in art. وط; &c.) and قارب بين الكَلِمَةِ وَالكَلِمَةِ فِى التَّسْبِيحِ [He made the words to follow one another nearly, or to be near together, in the act of praise, or the like.] (M in art. دنو.) And قَارَبْتُ بَيْنَ الأَمْرَيْنِ i. q. دَانَيْتُ [I made the two affairs, or events, to be nearly uninterrupted]. (T, S, Msb, all in art. دنو.) b4: قاربهُ also signifies He thought him, or it, to be near. (Ham p. 634.) And قارب الأَمْرَ He thought the thing. (MF.) b5: And He interchanged with him good, or pleasing, speech. (O, K, TA.) b6: And قارب فِى الأَمْرِ He pursued the right, or just, or middle, course, neither exceeding it nor falling short of it, in the affair. (O, * K, * TA.) b7: And قَارَبْتُهُ فِى البَيْعِ [app. meaning, in like manner, I pursued a middle course with him in selling, or buying, with respect to the price demanded or offered, neither exceeding what was just nor falling short of it], (S, O,) inf. n. مُقَارَبَةٌ. (S.) b8: مُقَارَبَةٌ and قِرَابٌ signify also The raising the leg [or legs, of a woman,] for the purpose of جِمَاع. (K.) 4 أَقْرَبَ see 1, second quarter. b2: [Hence,] أَقْرَبَت, (S, A, O, K,) said of the pregnant, (A, TA,) or of a woman, and of a mare, and of a ewe or goat, (S, O, TA,) and also of an ass, (Lth, TA,) but [app.] not [properly] of a camel, (Lth, S, * O, * TA,) [though it is sometimes said of a camel, as in the S and O voce غَمُوس, and in the O and K in art. ك,] She was, or became, near to bringing forth. (Lth, S, A, O, K.) b3: and اقرب said of a colt, and of a young camel, (K, TA,) &c., (TA,) He was, or became, near to the age of shedding his central incisors; (K, TA;) and likewise, to that of shedding other teeth. (TA.) b4: And He nearly filled a vessel. (S, O, K.) b5: لَأُقْرِبَنَّكُمْ صَلَاةَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad. of Aboo-Hureyreh, meaning I will indeed perform to you the like of, or what will be nearly the same as, the praying of the Apostle of God. (TA.) b6: اقرب الإِبِلَ He made the camels to journey by night in order to arrive at the water on the morrow: (O, * K, TA:) or اقربوا إِبِلَهُمْ They, after pasturing them in the tract between them and the watering-place, and journeying on during a part of the time until there remained between them and the water a night, or an evening, hastened their camels. (Lth, TA.) b7: And اقرب القَوْمُ The people, or party, became persons whose camels were performing a journey such as is termed قَرَبٌ: the part. n. is [said to be] ↓ قارب, not مُقْربٌ: (As, S, O:) the former of these is said by A'Obeyd to be anomalous: (S, O:) [but see قَرَبَ, which is expl. as having almost exactly the same meaning as that which is in this instance assigned to اقرب. And it is also mentioned in the TA, app. on the authority of AA, that the same phrase and the same anomalous part. n. are used when the people's camels are مُتَقَارِبَة (which means few, or near together): but I think that this word is a mistake of a copyist, for قَوَارِبُ: see قَارِبٌ.]

A2: See also 1, last quarter, in six places.5 تَقَرَّبَ see 1, near the middle of the paragraph. b2: [Hence] one says to his companion, urging him, تَقَرَّبْ, meaning (tropical:) Advance thou, or come forward: (A, TA:) or تَقَرَّبْ يا رَجُلُ, meaning hasten, O man. (As, O, L, K, TA.) Only the imperative mood in this sense is said to be used. (MF, TA.) b3: And [hence, also,] تقرّب signifies He rendered himself near, or allied himself, [drew near, or ingratiated himself,] by affection and friendship. (TA, voce تَنَسَّبَ. [In this sense it is trans. by means of مِنْ.]) And He applied himself with gentleness, or courtesy, to obtain access, or nearness, to a man, by means of some act performed for that purpose, or by right. (TA. [In this sense it is trans. by means of إِلَى.]) And one says, تقرّب مِنَ اللّٰهِ [He drew near unto God] by prayer or the like, and righteous actions: and تقرّب اللّٰهُ مِنْهُ [God drew near unto him] by beneficence towards him. (TA.) And تقرِّب بِهِ إِلَى اللّٰهِ, (S, A, O, Msb, K, *) inf. n. تَقَرُّبٌ and تِقِرَّابٌ, (O, K,) the latter [of a rare form] like تِحِمَّالٌ and تِكِلَّامٌ and تِمِلَّاقٌ, (O,) He sought thereby nearness, to bring himself near, to draw near, or to approach, unto God; or to advance himself in the favour of God: (S, K, * TA:) and فَعَلَهُ تَقَرُّبًا إِلَيْهِ [He did it by way of seeking nearness, &c., to Him]. (A.) A2: تقرّب also signifies He (a man, O) put his hand upon his قُرْب (O, K, TA) i. e. his flank, (O, TA,) in walking; or, as some say, hastening, or going quickly. (TA.) 6 تقاربوا They were, or became, or drew, near, one to another: (S, * A, * Msb:) you say تقاربوا and ↓ اقتربوا [both app. signifying the same, like تخاصموا and اختصموا, and تخالطوا and اختلطوا, and تشاركوا and اشتركوا, &c.]. (A.) b2: See also 1, second quarter. b3: تقاربت إِبِلُهُ means (tropical:) His camels became few, [because drawing near together,] (A, O, K, TA,) and (as is also said of other things, TA) declined, or became reduced to a bad state. (O, * K, * TA.) b4: And [for the like reason, because of its becoming dense,] تقارب is said of seed-produce, or standing corn or the like, meaning (assumed tropical:) It became nearly ripe. (O, K, TA.) b5: And hence [accord. to some], تَقَارَبَ الزَّمَانُ (assumed tropical:) [When the time becomes contracted], occurring in a trad., expl. in art. زمن, q. v. (TA.) 8 إِقْتَرَبَ see 1, second quarter, in two places: b2: and see also 6.10 استقربهُ [contr. of استبعدهُ]. One says, هُوَ يَسْتَقْرِبُ البَعِيدَ [He reckons near that which is remote]. (A, Msb.) قُرْبٌ [mentioned in the first sentence of this art. as an inf. n.] is the contr. of بُعْدٌ: (S, O:) [used as a simple subst., it signifies Nearness, and] it is said to be [properly, or primarily,] in respect of place; [i. e. vicinity;] as distinguished from قُرْبَةٌ &c. (Msb, TA.) You say, إِنَّ قُرْبَكَ زَيْدًا [Verily Zeyd is in thy vicinity; i. e., near thee in respect of place]; but not إِنَّ بُعْدَكَ زَيْدًا; because قُرْب is more capable of being used as an adv. n. of place than بُعْد: in like manner they said also ↓ هُوَ قُرَابَتَكَ, meaning [He is in thy vicinity; i. e.,] near thee in respect of place. (Sb, TA. [See also قَرِيبٌ.]) [And بِالقُرْبِ مِنْهُ is a phrase of frequent occurrence, meaning In the vicinity of, or near in respect of place to, him, or it.] And one says, تَنَاوَلَهُ مِنْ قُرْبٍ and ↓ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ [He took it, or took it with his hand, from a near place or spot]. (A, Msb.) and رَأَيْتُهُ مِنْ قُرْبٍ [and ↓ مِنْ قَرِيبٍ I saw him, or it, from a near place or spot, or from within a short distance]. (S in art. ام; &c.) b2: It is also syn. with ↓ قَرَابٌ [signifying Nearness in respect of time] as used in the saying اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ بِقَرَابٍ

[i. e. Do thou that soon; like as one says, عَنْ

↓ قَرِيبٍ]: (K, TA:) accord. to the K, the word قراب in this case is like سَحَاب: but it is said in a prov., أَكْيَسُ ↓ الفِرَارُ بِقِرَابٍ, thus in the S, or, as some relate it, ↓ بِقُرَابٍ; and IB says, J has cited this prov. [next] after the قِرَاب of the sword, but should have said that القِرَابُ is also syn. with القُرْبُ, and should then have adduced the prov. as an ex. meaning The fleeing soon in eagerness of desire for safety [is more, or most, shrewd]: (TA:) [this rendering, however, requires consideration; for, accord. to Meyd, who gives only the reading بِقِرَابٍ, the meaning of the prov. is, that he who flees with the ↓ قِرَاب (by which is meant the scabbard) when the sword has passed away from his possession is more shrewd than he who causes, or suffers, the قِرَاب also to pass away from him: in Freytag's Arab Prov. ii. 210, both of these explanations are given; but قريب is there erroneously put for قُرْب.] b3: See also قَرَابَةٌ. b4: It is also a pl. of قَرِيبٌ [q. v.]. (TA in art. زلف.) A2: قُرْبٌ also, and ↓ قُرُبٌ, (S, O, K,) the former of which is the original, (TA,) signify The خَاصِرَة [or flank]: (O, K:) or [the part] from the شَاكِلَة [which is syn., or nearly so, with خَاصِرَة,] to the مَرَاقّ [or soft parts] of the belly: (S, O, K:) and likewise from the رَفْغ [generally meaning groin] to the armpit, on each side: (TA:) [properly used in relation to a horse:] sometimes metaphorically used in relation to a she-camel, and to an ass [meaning a wild ass, and also to a man: see 5, last sentence]: (TA:) pl. أَقْرَابٌ; (T, S, O, K;) which is also used in the place of the dual. (T, TA.) قَرَبٌ [mentioned in the latter half of the first paragraph of this art. as an inf. n.] is [said to be] a subst., signifying A journey to water when it is a night's journey distant: or, as As said, on the authority of an Arab of the desert, (S, O,) a journey by night in order to arrive at the water on the morrow; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ قِرَابَةٌ [which is also mentioned as an inf. n. in the latter half of the first paragraph of this art.]; (K;) a journey by night in order to arrive at the water on the second following day being called طَلَقٌ: (S, O:) and the seeking water by night: or, when it is not more than a night's journey distant: or the first day in which one journeys to water when it is two days distant; the second day being called طَلَقٌ: (K: [but the converse seems to be the truth, being asserted by several of the highest authorities, and agreeable with the derivation of each of the two words: see طَلَقٌ:]) or the night after which, in the morning, one arrives at the water: (TA:) and لَيْلَةُ القَرَبِ is the night in which people with their camels hasten to the water in a journey such as is termed قَرَبٌ بَصْبَاصٌ; this latter term being applied to signify a people's letting their camels pasture while they are journeying towards water; and when there remains an evening between them and the water, hastening towards it: (S, O:) or, as is said on the authority of As, لَيْلَةُ القَرَبِ is the second night after the pastor has turned the faces of his camels towards the water, and so left them to pasture; this second night being the night of hard driving; and the first night being called لَيْلَةُ الطَّلَقِ: accord. to AA, [the journey called] القَرَبُ is [the journey to water] during three days, or more. (TA.) And [hence] القَرَبَ is used to signify What is a night's journey distant. (S in art. نوب, in explanation of a verse cited in that art. [Or, accord. to IAar, قَرَب there signifies near, so as to be visited repeatedly: or, as AA says, at such a distance as to be visited once in three days.]) [See also a saying mentioned voce حَوْزٌ.] b2: Also A well of which the water is near [to the mouth]. (O, K.) قُرُبٌ: see قُرْبٌ, last sentence.

قُرْبَةٌ an inf. n. of قَرُبَ [q. v.: and used as a simple subst. signifying Nearness]; like قُرْبٌ: or the former is in station, or grade, or rank. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, طَلَبْتُ مِنْهُ القُرْبَةَ [I sought of him nearness of station, &c.; or admission into favour]. (A.) b2: See also قَرَابَةٌ. b3: Also, (A, O, Msb,) and ↓ قُرُبَةٌ, (Msb,) A thing [such as prayer, or any righteous deed or work,] whereby one seeks nearness, to bring himself near, to draw near, or to approach, unto God; or to advance himself in the favour of God; (A, * O, Msb;) as also ↓ قُرْبَانٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) pl. of the first and second قُرَبٌ and قُرْبَاتٌ and قُرُبَاتٌ and قُرَبَاتٌ. (Msb.) قِرْبَةٌ A kind of سِقَآء [or skin], (S, * O, * TA,) used for water: (S, O:) or a وَطْب [or skin] that is used for milk, and sometimes for water: (ISd, K:) or such as is sewed on one side: (K:) [the modern قِرْبَة, which is seldom, if ever, used for anything but water, is (if I may judge from my own observations and the accounts of others) always made of the skin of a goat about one year old or upwards: it consists of nearly the whole skin; only the skin of the head, and a small portion of that of each leg, being cut off: it has a seam extending from the upper part of the throat nearly to the belly, and sometimes a corresponding seam at the hinder part, but more commonly only a patch of leather over the fundament and navel: over the seam, or over each seam, is sewed a narrow strip of leather; and a mouth of leather is added in the place of the head: it is carried on the back, by means of a strap, or cord, &c., one end of which is generally attached to a cord connecting the two fore-legs; and the other, to the right hind leg:] the pl. (of pauc., S, O) is قِرْبَاتٌ, and قِرَبَاتٌ, and قِرِبَاتٌ, and (of mult., S, O) قِرَبٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) فِيهِ قَرَبَةٌ and ↓ قِرَابَةٌ are said of a vessel that is nearly filled [meaning In it is a quantity that nearly fills it]. (K, TA.) [See also قِرَابٌ.]

قُرُبَةٌ: see قُرْبَةٌ: b2: and see also قَرَابَةٌ.

قُرْبَى [mentioned in the first sentence of this art. as an inf. n.: and used as a simple subst.]: see قَرَابَةٌ, in five places: and see also قَرِيبٌ, latter half.

قَرْبَانُ A vessel nearly full: fem. قُرْبَى: (S, O, K:) and pl. قِرَابٌ: (S, O:) you say قَدَحٌ قَرْبَانُ مَآءً i. e. [A drinking vessel] nearly full of water: and the ق in قربان is [said to be] sometimes changed into ك: (TA:) so accord. to Yaakoob; but ISd denies this. (TA in art. كرب.) A2: See also the paragraph here following.

قُرْبَانٌ: see قُرْبَةٌ: [it may often be rendered An offering, or oblation: and hence it sometimes means a sacrifice, as in the Kur iii. 179:] pl. قَرَابِينُ. (Msb.) قُرْبَانُهُمْ دِمَآؤُهُمْ [Their offering to God is their blood, lit. bloods,] occurs in a trad. as cited from the Book of the Law revealed to Moses, and as referring to the Arabs; meaning, they seek to bring themselves near unto God by shedding their blood in fighting in the cause of religion; whereas the قربان of preceding peoples consisted in the slaughtering of oxen or cows, and sheep or goats, and camels. (TA.) And it is said in another trad., الصَّلَاةُ قُرْبَانُ كُلِّ تَقِىٍّ [The divinely-appointed act of prayer is the offering to God of every pious person]; meaning, that whereby the pious seek to bring themselves near unto God. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, A, O, K,) and ↓ قَرْبَانٌ, (K,) but this latter is by some disapproved, (TA,) [A near associate; or] a particular, or special, (A, K,) associate or companion (A) or consessor; (K;) or a consessor; and a particular, or special, associate or companion; (S, ISd, O;) [or a familiar, or favourite;] of a king, (S, ISd, A, O, K,) or of a governor, or prince; (S, O;) [or of any person who is either a superior or an equal;] so called because of his nearness: (TA:) pl. قَرَابِينُ: (S, A, O, K:) and one says also, فُلَانٌ مِنْ قُرْبَانِ الأَمِيرِ [Such a one is of the near associates, &c., of the governor, or prince]; (S, O;) [for] قُرْبَانٌ is [said to be originally] an inf. n., and [therefore, as an epithet,] the same as sing. and dual and pl.: (so in a marginal note in one of my copies of the S:) or, in a phrase of this kind, it is a pl. of ↓ قَرِيبٌ. (A in art. بعد.) قَرَابٌ: see قُرْبٌ, former half.

قُرَابٌ: see قَرِيبٌ, last quarter, in two places: b2: and قُرْبٌ, near the middle: b3: and قِرَابٌ, former half: b4: and قُرَابَةٌ.

قِرَابٌ [an inf. n. of 3. And hence قِرَابَ as an adv. n. of time]. You say, أَتَيْتُهُ قِرَابَ العِشَآءِ I came to him near nightfall: and قِرَابَ اللَّيْلِ near night. (Lth, TA.) And 'Oweyf El-Kawáfee says, describing she-camels, (so in the TA and in one of my copies of the S,) or 'Oweyf El-Fezáree, (so in the O,) هُوَ ابْنُ مُنَضِّجَاتٍ كُنَّ قِدْمًا يَزِدْنَ عَلَى العَدِيدِ قِرَابَ شَهْرٍ (O, TA) i. e. He is the off spring of [one of the] she-camels that went beyond the usual time of bringing forth, that used formely to exceed the computed [time] near a month: J give a different reading of this verse, يَرِدْنَ عَلَى الغَدِيِر; but the correct reading is that given above. (IB, TA.) b2: See also قُرْبٌ, near the middle. b3: قِرَابُ الشَّىْءِ and ↓ قُرَابُهُ and ↓ قُرَابَتُهُ signify What is nearly the equal in quantity, or amount, or nearly the equivalent, of the thing. (K.) One says, مَعَهُ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ قِرَابُهُ He has with him a thousand dirhems, or nearly the equal thereof: and مَعَهُ مِلْءُ قَدَحٍ مَآءً أَوْ قِرَابُهُ He has with him a cupful of water, or nearly the equal thereof. (Lth, TA.) And a poet says, (S,) namely, El-'Ambar, (so in the O and TA,) or Es-Sinnabr, (so in the Mz, 49th نوع,) Ibn-'Amr, Ibn-Temeem, (O, TA, *) إِلَّا تَجِئْ مَلْأَى يَجِئْ قِرَابُهَا [If a full bucket (دَلْوٌ being understood, as is indicated in the S and O and TA,) come not, what will be nearly the equal thereof will come]. (S, O, TA.) One says also, لَوْ أَنَّ لِى قِرَابَ هٰذَا ذَهَبًا i. e. [If there belonged to me] the quantity nearly sufficient for the filling of this [of gold]: and لَوْ جَآءَ بِقِرَابِ الأَرْضِ i. e. [If he brought] that which would be nearly the equal in quantity of the earth. (Msb.) And الرُّكْبَتَيْنِ ↓ المَآءُ قُرَابَةُ [The water is such as is nearly the equal in height of the two knees]. (A.) [See also قَرَبَةٌ.]

A2: Also The غِمْد [i. e. scabbard, or sheath,] of a sword, (K, TA,) or of a knife: (TA:) or the جَفْن [i. e. case, or receptacle,] of the غِمْد; (K, TA;) the جَفْن, which is a case, or receptacle, wherein is the sword together with its scabbard (بِغِمْدِهِ) and its suspensory belt or cord: (S, O, TA:) it is like a جِرَاب of leather, into which the rider, or rider upon a camel, puts his sword with its جَفْن [here meaning scabbard], and his whip, and his staff, or stick, and his utensils: (Az, TA:) or like the جِرَاب, into which one puts his sword with its scabbard (بِغِمْدِهِ), and his whip, and sometimes his travelling-provisions of dates &c.: (IAth, TA:) the pl. of the قِرَاب of the sword is قُرُبٌ [a pl. of mult.] (Msb, TA) and أَقْرِبَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.], like خُمُرٌ and أَخْمِرَةٌ pls. of خِمَارٌ. (Msb.) See also قُرْبٌ, latter half.

قَرِيبٌ Near in respect of place: (S, O, Msb, K, * &c.:) in this sense used alike as sing. and pl. (Kh, ISk, T, O, Msb, K *) and dual, (ISk, TA,) and as masc. and fem., (AA, Kh, Fr, ISk, T, S, O, Msb,) as is also بَعِيدٌ in the contr. sense: (Kh, ISk, TA:) the Arabs say هُوَ قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى, (ISk, O, * TA,) and هُمَا قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى, and هُمْ قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى, (ISk, TA,) and هِىَ قَرِيبٌ مِنِّى, &c., meaning فِى مَكَانٍ قَرِيبٍ [in a place near, to me, or little removed from me:] (ISk, O, TA:) or when you say هِنْدٌ قَرِيبٌ مِنْكَ, it is as though you said هِنْدٌ مَوْضِعُهَا قَرِيبٌ مِنْكَ [Hind, her place is near to thee:] (AA, Msb:) hence, [in the Kur vii. 54,] إِنَّ رَحْمَةَ اللّٰهِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ المُحْسِنِينَ [Verily the mercy of God is near unto the welldoers]: (AA, ISk, O, Msb:) but it is allowable to say قَرِيبَةٌ, as also بَعِيدَةٌ: (ISk, O, Msb, TA:) or (accord. to Zj, TA) قريب is here without ة because رحمة is not really [but only conventionally] of the fem. gender: (S, O, TA:) [but this reason is not satisfactory, because it does not apply to other cases mentioned above:] and it is also said that it is without ة because it is assimilated to an epithet of the measure فَعُولٌ, which does not receive the fem. affix ة. (TA.) [Hence the phrase مِنْ قَرِيبٍ:] see قُرْبٌ, former half, in two places. And [hence also] you say, إِنَّ قَرِيبًا مِنْكَ زَيْدًا [Verily Zeyd is in a place near to thee]; like as you say, إِنَّ قُرْبَكَ زَيْدًا. (Sb, TA.) b2: [Also Near in respect of time, whether future, as in the Kur xlii. 16, &c.; or past, as in the Kur lix. 15. And hence قَرِيبًا meaning Shortly after and before. And Nearly, as when one says, أَقَمْتُ بِالمَوْضِعِ قَرِيبًا مِنْ سَنَةٍ I remained, stayed, or abode, in the place nearly a year. Hence also the phrase عَنْ قَرِيبٍ:] see قُرْبٌ, near the middle. b3: And Near as meaning related by birth or by marriage: (S, O, Msb, K:) [and generally used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant, meaning a relation, or relative:] in this sense it receives the fem. form, by universal consent; so that you say, هٰذِهِ المَرْأَةُ قَرِيبَتِى [This woman is my relation]: (Fr, S, O, Msb: *) and likewise the dual form; so that you say, [هُمَا قَرِيبَانِ and] هُمَا قَرِيبَتَانِ [They two are relations]: (AA, Msb:) [and it has a pl., namely, أَقْرِبَآءُ;] you say, هُمْ أَقْرِبَائِى and أَقَارِبِى (S, A, O, K) [and أَقْرَبِىَّ, this last originally أَقْرَبُوىَ; the first signifying They are my relations; and the second and third, properly, being pls. of ↓ أَقْرَبُ, They are my nearer, or nearest, or very near, relations; though in the T the second is said to be pl. of قَرِيبٌ; and in most of the copies of the K, but not in all, (for in some the first of these three words is omitted, as it is also in the TA,) it is implied that أَقْرِبَآءُ and أَقَارِبُ and أَقْرَبُونَ (which are mentioned in the Msb without any distinction of meaning) are all to be understood in the latter sense]: and قُرْبٌ [also] is a pl. of قَرِيبٌ [app. in the sense here assigned to it], like as غُرْبٌ is of غَرِيبٌ; (TA in art. زلف;) and قَرْبَى is allowable as a pl. of فَرِيبٌ: (T, TA:) the pl. of قَرِيبَةٌ is قَرَائِبُ. (T, Msb, TA.) And like as you say, هُوَ قَرِيبِى

[meaning He is my relation], as too you say, ↓ هُوَ ذُو قَرَابَتِى (S, O, K) and مِنِّى ↓ ذُو قَرَابَةٍ and منّى ↓ ذُو مَقْرُبَةٍ and مِنِّى ↓ ذُو قُرْبَى; (TA;) but not ↓ هُوَ قَرَابَتِى; (K;) [for only] the vulgar say this; as also هُمْ قَرَابَاتِى: (S, O:) or, accord. to Z, ↓ هُوَ قَرَابَتِى is allowable, being accounted for as a phrase in which the prefixed n. [ذُو] is suppressed; and it has moreover been asserted to be correct and chaste in verse and prose: ↓ قَرَابَةٌ also occurs in the trads. in the sense of أَقَارِبُ: it is said in the Nh to be an inf. n. used as an epithet, agreeably with general analogy: and in the Tes-heel it is said to be a quasi-pl. n. of قَرِيبٌ, like as صَحَابَةٌ is of صَاحِبٌ: (MF, TA:) [accord. to Mtr,] ↓ قَرَابَةٌ is correctly applicable to one and to a pl. number, as being originally an inf. n.; so that one says, هُو قَرَابَتِى and هُمْ قَرَابَتِى; though the chaste phrase is ذُو قَرَابَتِى applied to one; and ذَوَا قَرَابَتِى, to two; and ذَوُو قَرَابَتِى, to a pl. number. (Mgh.) b4: And [it is also applied to relationship:] one says, بَيْنَنَا نَسَبٌ قَرِيبٌ and ↓ قُرَابٌ [Between us is a near relationship]. (A.) b5: It signifies also Near, or allied, by affection and friendship. (TA voce تَنَسَّبَ.) [You say, فُلَانٌ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ meaning Such a one is near, &c., or friendly and affectionate, to people, or mankind.] See also قُرْبَانٌ, last sentence. b6: And one says, مَا هُوَ بِعَالِمٍ

عَالِمٍ ↓ وَلَا قُرَابِ and عَالِمٍ ↓ قُرَابَةِ meaning قَرِيبِ عَالِمٍ

[i. e. He is not learned nor near learned]. (TA.) And مِنْ ذٰلِكَ ↓ مَا هُوَ بِشَبِيهِكَ وَلَا بِقُرَابَةٍ meaning وَلَا بِقَرِيبٍ مِنْ ذٰلِكَ [i. e. He is not the like of thee nor near that]; (S, O;) or مِنْكَ ↓ وَلَا بِقُرَابَةٍ

meaning بقَرِيبٍ [i. e., nor near the like of thee]. (K.) b7: فُلَانٌ قَرِيبُ الثَّرَى; and قَرِيبُ الثَّرَى بَعِيدُ النَّبَطِ: see in arts. ثرى and نبط.

A2: Also, (O, K, TA,) but in some of the lexicons written قِرِّيبٌ, (TA,) Salted fish, while yet in its recent, moist, state. (O, K, TA.) قَرَابَةٌ, (S, O, K,) which is originally an inf. n., (S,) [i. e., of قَرُبَ, as is also, app., every one of its syns. here following,] and ↓ قُرْبَى and ↓ قُرْبَةٌ and ↓ قُرُبَةٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ قُرْبٌ (S, O) and ↓ مَقْرُبَةٌ and ↓ مَقْرَبَةٌ (S, O, K) ↓ مَقْرِبَةٌ, (K,) all of them, (S, O, K,) or the first and ↓ قُرْبَى, (Msb,) signify Relationship, or relationship by the female side; (S, O, * Msb, K, * TA;) or the first has the former of these significations and ↓ قُرْبَى has the latter of them: (T, TA:) [in the S, القَرَابَةُ is expl. signifying القُرْبَى فِى الرَّحِمِ; and in the Mgh and Msb, it and ↓ القُرْبَى are expl. as being فِى الرَّحِمِ; but in the T, as cited in the TA, the former is expl. as being فِى النَّسَبِ, and ↓ القُرْبَى as being فِى الرَّحِمِ: see the first sentence of this art.:] you say, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ &c. [i. e. Between me and him is a relationship, or a relationship by the female side]. (S, O.) b2: See also قَرِيبٌ, latter half, in six places.

قُرَابَةٌ: see قُرْبٌ, first quarter: b2: and قِرَابٌ, in two places: and قَرِيبٌ, near the end, in three places. b3: قُرَابَةُ المُؤْمِنِ and ↓ قُرَابُهُ signify The believer's فِرَاسَة [i. e. insight, or intuitive perception, &c.]; (Fr, O, K;) and his opinion, which is near to knowledge and assurance: occurring in a trad., in which it is said that one is to beware thereof, because he looks with the light of God. (Fr, O, TA. [See also فِرَاسَةٌ.]) قِرَابَةٌ: see قَرَبَةٌ: A2: and see also قَرَبٌ.

جَاؤُوا قُرَابَى, (IDrd, O, K,) the latter word similar to فُرَادَى, (IDrd, O,) They came near together. (IDrd, O, K.) قُرَيْبَى [dim. of قُرْبَى]. دُونَ كُلِّ قُرَيْبَى قُرْبَى

[There is a relationship nearer than every relationship small in degree] is a prov. applied to him who asks of thee something wanted which one more nearly related to thee than he has asked of thee. (Meyd. [See another prov., app. similar in meaning and application, voce دَنِىٌّ, in art. دنو.]) قَرَّابٌ A maker of [what are called] قرب [app. قُرُب, pl. of قِرَابٌ; or perhaps قِرَب, pl. of قِرْبَةٌ]. (TA.) قَرْنَبٌ: &c.: see art. قرنب.

قَارِبٌ [part. n. of قَرَبَ said of a man journeying to water: and accord. to As and A'Obeyd, part. n. of أَقْرَبَ used in a similar sense; as such anomalous]. One seeking, or seeking to attain, [or journeying to,] water: so says Az, without specifying any time: (TA:) or, accord. to Kh, (S, O, TA,) one doing so by night; (S, O, K, TA;) not applied to one doing so by day. (S, O, TA.) And its pl. قَوَارِبُونَ signifies Persons whose camels are performing a journey such as is termed قَرَبٌ: (As, S, O:) see 4, latter half. The epithet applied to camels in this case is قَوَارِبُ; (S, O;) [of which see another explanation voce طَلَقٌ;] and this epithet is also used in relation to birds. (IAar, TA.) مَا لِى

قَارِبٌ وَلَا هَارِبٌ occurs in a trad., meaning I have not any that goes to water nor any that returns from it. (L, TA. [See also هَارِبٌ.]) and حِمَارٌ قَارِبٌ means An ass hastening on in the night of arriving at the water. (Lth, TA.) A2: Also A small سَفِينَة; (A, K;) i. e. (A,) [a skiff;] a ship's boat, used by the seamen as a convenient means af accomplishing their needful affairs; (S, A, O;) also called سُنْبُوكٌ [or سُنْبُوقٌ]: (A:) pl. قَوَارِبُ: and أَقْرُبٌ occurs in a trad., and is said to be also a pl. of قَارِبٌ; but IAth says that this is not known as a pl. قارب, unless as anomalous; and it is said that أَفْرُبُ السَّفِينَةِ means the nearest parts of the ship; i. e., the parts near [or next] to the land. (TA.) قَوْرَبٌ Water over which, or against which, one has not power, or with which one cannot cope, by reason of its copiousness. (O, K.) أَقْرَبُ Nearer, and nearest, in respect of place, and in respect of time, &c.]: see قَرِيبٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

ظَهَرَتْ تَقَرُّبَاتُ المَآءِ (tropical:) The foretokens of water appeared; i. e. small pebbles, from seeing which the well-digger, when he has nearly reached a spring, infers that water is near. (A, TA.) مَقْرَبٌ (A, O, K) and ↓ مَقْرَبَةٌ (O, K) (tropical:) A near, or the nearest, road or way: (A, O, K, TA:) or a small road or way, leading into a great one; said to be from القَرَبُ signifying “ the journeying by night,” or “ the journeying [by night] to water: ” (TA:) or, the former, a conspicuous road or way; so says IAar: (TA voce مَطْرَبٌ:) and the latter, accord. to AA, a place of alighting or sojourning or abiding; from القَرَبُ signifying “ the ” journeying [by night &c.]: the pl. is مَقَارِبُ. (TA.) مُقْرَبٌ A horse that is brought [or kept] near [to the tent, or dwelling], and treated generously, and not left to seek for pasture: fem. with ة:] or this is done only with mares, lest a stallion of low race should cover them: (IDrd, S, O, K:) or خَيْلٌ مُقْرَبَةٌ signifies horses that are [kept] near at hand, and prepared [for riding]: (El-Ahmar, TA:) or horses that have been prepared by scant food (ضُمِّرَتْ) for riding: (Sh, TA:) or horses of generous race, that are not confined in the pasturage, but are confined near to the tents, or dwellings, prepared for running. (R, TA.) and إِبِلٌ مُقْرَبَةٌ Camels girded for riding: (Sh, O, K:) or camels upon which are saddles (رِحَال) cased with leather, whereon kings ride: but this explanation has been disallowed. (Aboo-Sa'eed [i. e. As], TA.) [See also مُكْرَبَاتٌ.]

مُقْرِبٌ A woman, and a mare, and a ewe or goat, (S, O,) and an ass, (Lth, TA,) near to bringing forth: (S, O, K, TA:) [said to be] not used in relation to a camel; (S, O, TA;) the epithet used in this case being مُدْنٍ: (TA:) [but see the verb:] the pl. is مَقَارِيبُ; (S, O, K, TA;) as though they had imagined the sing. to be مِقْرَابٌ. (TA.) مَقْرَبَةٌ: see قَرَابَةٌ: A2: and see also مَقْرَبٌ.

مَقْرُبَةٌ: see قَرَابَةٌ; and see also قَرِيبٌ, latter half.

مَقْرِبَةٌ: see قَرَابَةٌ.

المُقَرَّبُونَ: see الكَرُوبِيُّونَ.

A2: See also what here follows, in two places.

شَأْوٌ مُقَرِّبٌ and ↓ مُقَرَّبٌ, and هَلْ مِنْ مُقَرِّبَةِ خَبَرٍ and خَبَرٍ ↓ مُقَرَّبَةِ, occur thus written, probably by mistake, the ق being thus put in the place of غ: see [مُغَرِّبٌ in] art. غرب. (TA.) مُقَارَبٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

شَىْءٌ مُقَارِبٌ, with kesr to the ر (tropical:) A thing of a middling sort, between the good and the bad: (S, O, K: *) and also a cheap thing: (S, O:) and ثَوْبٌ مُقَارِبٌ a garment that is not good: (Msb:) you should not say ↓ مُقَارَبٌ, (ISk, S, O, Msb,) with fet-h: (ISk, Msb:) you say also رَجُلٌ مُقَارِبٌ [a man of a middling sort]: and مَتَاعٌ مُقَارِبٌ [a commodity, or commodities, &c., of a middling sort, or cheap]: (TA:) or you say دِينٌ مُقَارِبٌ with kesr, [meaning a religion of a middling sort], and ↓ مَتَاعٌ مُقَارَبٌ with fet-h, (K, TA,) meaning [a commodity, &c.,] not precious. (TA.) مُتَقَارِبٌ A short man: because his extremities are near together. (O.) b2: And المُتَقَارِبُ is the name of The fifteenth metre of verse; (O;) the metre composed of فَعُولُنٌ eight times; (O, K; *) and [one species of] فَعُولُنْ فَعُولُنْ فَعَلٌ twice: (K:) so called because its أَوْتَاد are near together; there being between every two of them one سَبَب. (O, K. *)

شرم

1 شَرَمَهُ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. شَرْمٌ, i. q. شَقَّهُ [meaning He slit it; or rent it; and perhaps also he clave it, split it, &c.]. (S, K.) b2: It is also said in the K that الشَّرْمُ signifies قَطْعُ مَا بَيْنَ الأَرْنَبَةِ: but ما بين should be struck out: and the passage, moreover, is defective: it should be, as in the M, الشَّرْمُ and ↓ التَّشْرِيمُ signify The cutting (قَطْع [or rather شَقّ i. e. slitting or rending]) of the end, or tip, of the nose, and of the ثَفْر [here meaning the vulva, or the orifice of the vagina,] of a she-camel: specially said of these two things. (TA. [See also 2; and see شَرِيمٌ.]) b3: شَرَمَ الثَّرِيدَةَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, and the latter, by poetic license, شَرَمٌ, He ate of the sides, or of the edge, of the ثريدة [or mess of crumbled bread moistened with broth]. (TA.) b4: شَرَمَ لَهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (TA,) He gave him little of his مال (i. e. property, or cattle]. (S, K.) A2: شَرِمَ, aor. ـَ is quasi-pass. of شَرَمَهُ; [i. e. it signifies It was, or became, slit, or rent;] (TA;) as also ↓ انشرم. (S, TA. [In the former it is implied that the meaning of the latter verb is اِنْشَقَّ.]) b2: Also, aor. as above, (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَمٌ, (S, * Msb, K, *) He (a man) had his nose slit: (Msb:) or he had the end, or tip, of his nose cut. (S, * Msb, K. *) 2 تَشْرِيمٌ i. q. تَشْقِيقٌ [meaning The slitting, or rending, and perhaps also cleaving, splitting, &c., much, or in several places]: (S, K, TA: [see 2 in art. خرم:]) one says, شرّمهُ [he slit it &c.], in relation to the ear &c.: (TA:) [it is used in relation to the end, or tip, of the nose; and to the orifice of the vagina of a she-camel; as shown above:] see 1, second sentence. تَشْرِيمُ الظِّئَارِ is [The scarifying of the vulva, or of the orifice of the vagina, for the purpose of] the making a she-camel to affect and suckle a young one not her own [by causing her to imagine, from the pain thus occasioned, that she has recently brought forth that young one]; (TA;) تشريم in this phrase signifying تَشْقِيق. (T in art. ظأر.) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-'Omar, that he purchased a she-camel, and, seeing in her what is thus termed, returned her: (S:) in this instance, تشريم الظئار means The laceration of the two edges of the vulva on the occasion of ظئار. (T and TA in art. ظأر: see 1 in that art.) b2: تَشْرِيمُ الصَّيْدِ is The wounding of the skin of the animal of the chase without piercing into the belly, or inside, (L in art. حق, [see 8 in that art.,]) so that the animal escapes wounded. (S, K. *) 5 تشرّم, (S, K,) said of the skin, (TA,) or of a thing, (S,) It was, or became, rent, or slit, in several places; (S, K, TA;) quasi-pass. of شَرَّمَهُ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Kaab, أَتَى عُمَرَ بِكِتَابٍ قَدْ تَشَرَّمَتْ نَوَاحِيهِ i. e. تَشَقَّقَتْ [meaning He brought to 'Omar a book of which the sides were slit, or rent, in several places]. (TA.) 7 إِنْشَرَمَ see 1, near the end.

شَرْمٌ A canal, or cut, (خَلِيج,) from a بَحْر [i. e. sea, or large river]: (S, K:) [now applied to a creek of a sea:] or the لُجَّة [i. e. main body, or fathomless deep,] of the بَحْر [or sea]: (K:) or the deepest part thereof: (TA:) or a غَمْرَة [or submerging deep] thereof: pl. شُرُومٌ. (IB, TA.) b2: And Any fissure in a mountain or rock, not passing through. (TA.) A2: Also A certain kind of tree. (K.) b2: Also, (K,) or عُشْبٌ شَرْمٌ, (S, [in one of my copies of the S شَرِمٌ,]) Abundant herbs or herbage, of which the upper parts are eaten, the middle parts not being required, (S, K,) nor the lower parts. (S.) شَرُومٌ: see what next follows.

شَرِيمٌ A woman having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ شَرُومٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ شَرْمَآءُ; (K;) or the last of these in this sense has not been heard, though mentioned in the sense here following. (Mgh.) b2: Also A she-camel having her ثَفْر [here meaning the vulva, or the orifice of the vagina,] cut [or rather slit or rent]; and so ↓ شَرْمَآءُ, and ↓ مَشْرُومَةٌ: (M, TA:) or ↓ شَرْمَآءُ applied to a she-camel and to a she-ass, accord. to the Tekmileh, means having the vulva slit, or rent: therefore the first-mentioned meaning of this epithet, applied to a woman, if correct, may be tropical. (Mgh.) b3: Also The فَرْج [or vulva]; (K;) because of its being cleft. (TA.) شَارِمٌ An arrow that slits, or rends, (يَشْرِمُ,) the side of the target. (S, K, TA.) أَشْرَمُ, applied to a man, (IAar, S, Msb, K,) i. q. الأَنْفِ ↓ مَشْرُومُ; (S, K,) [i. e.] Having the nose slit; (IAar, Msb, TA;) like أَخْرَمُ: (IAar, TA:) or having the end, or tip, of the nose cut: (Msb:) and having the lower lip slit; like أَفْلَحُ: and having the upper lip slit; like أَعْلَمُ: and having the ear slit; like أَخْرَبُ: and having the eyelid slit; like أَشْتَرُ: it has all these meanings: (IAar, TA:) fem. شَرْمَآءُ, applied to a woman. (Msb.) b2: For the fem., see also شَرِيمٌ, in three places. b3: The fem. is also applied to an ear (أُذُنٌ), meaning Having a small portion cut from the upper part; and so ↓ مُشَرَّمَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّمٌ Slit, or rent, in several places: so in a trad., where it is said, فَجَآءَهُ بِمُصْحَفٍ مُشَرَّمِ الأَطْرَافِ [And he brought him a copy of the Kur-án having the extremities slit, &c.]. (TA.) b2: See also أَشْرَمُ, last sentence.

مَشْرُومٌ: see أَشْرَمُ: b2: and see also شَرِيمٌ.

غيم

1 غَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. غَيْمٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ تغيّمت; and ↓ غَيَّمَت, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَغْيِيمٌ; (K;) and ↓ أَغَامَت (S, Msb, K) and أَغْيَمَت; (S, K;) all signify the same; (S;) The sky was, or became, clouded, or covered with clouds. (S, * Msb, K. *) A2: غَامَ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. غَيْمٌ, (KL,) He was, or became, thirsty, (S, K, KL, * [like عَامَ,]) and affected with internal heat. (S, K) b2: And غام إِلَى المَآءِ, aor. as above, inf. n. غَيْمَةٌ and غَيَمَانٌ and مَغْيَمٌ, is mentioned by IAar [as signifying He thirsted for water, or the water: or he thirsted for it vehemently, accord. to an explanation of غَيْمَةٌ given below]. (TA.) 2 غَيَّمَ see 1. b2: [Hence,] غيّم اللَّيْلُ, (K,) inf. n. تَغْيِيمٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) The night became like the غَيْم [or clouds]; (K;) became dark, and came like the clouds. (TA.) b3: And غيّم الطَّائِرُ (assumed tropical:) The bird fluttered over one's head, not going to a distance; on the authority of Th: mentioned by IAar as with غين and تاء [evidently mistranscriptions for عين and ثاء: see عَيَّثَ]. (TA.) 4 أَغَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ and أَغْيَمَت: see 1. b2: أَغْيَمَ القَوْمُ [The people, or party, had a clouded sky;] clouds came upon the people, or party. (S, K.) b3: and أَغْيَمَ He (a man, TA) became stationary (K, TA) like the clouds. (TA.) 5 تَغَيَّمَ see the first paragraph.

غَيْمٌ, originally an inf. n., from غَامَتِ السَّمَآءُ [q. v.], (Msb,) Clouds; (S, Msb, K, TA;) n. un. with ة: (Msb:) or [an expanse of clouds covering the sky,] when one sees not a sun (Kr, TA) by reason of much covering of the sky: (TA:) [and often meaning mist:] pl. غُــيُومٌ and غِيَامٌ. (TA.) A2: Also Thirst: and internal heat. (AA, S, K.) [See also غَيْمَةٌ.] b2: And Anger, wrath, or rage, (K, TA,) which is from internal heat. (TA.) b3: And a certain disease in camels, like that called قُلَاب [q. v.], except that it does not kill: (K, TA:) it is said that the asterism of the Pleiades (الثُّرَيَّا, q. v.,) does not rise nor set aurorally without there being sickness, mostly in the camels, which are then affected with the disease thus called. (Az, TA.) A3: شَجَرٌ غَيْمٌ Dense, or tangled, trees: like غَيْنٌ [which is a dial. var. of غَيْمٌ in other senses]. (TA.) غَيْمَة Thirst; so says A 'Obeyd: or vehemence of thirst: thus in the trad. cited under عَيْمَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) [See also غَيْمٌ.]

غَيْمان Thirsty: and affected with internal heat: fem. غَيْمَى: (S, K:) the latter applied to a woman. (S.) يَوْمٌ غَــيُوم [A cloudy day;] a day having غَيْم [or clouds, or clouds covering the sky]. (Th, TA.) مَغْــيُومٌ A camel affected with the disease termed غَيْم: (Az, K, TA:) such scarcely ever, or never, dies. (Az, TA.)

قرع

1 قَرَعَ in the sense of ضَرَبَ has مَقْرَعٌ for an inf. n. (Mgh, art. غمز.) b2: قَرَعَ فِى مِقْرَعِهِ i. q.

ضَرَبَ فِى مِضْربِهِ. (TA in art. ضرب.) b3: قَرَعَ صَفَاتَهُ (tropical:) He impugned his character; blamed or censured him; spoke against him (Mgh, art. غمز.) See مَغْمَزٌ. b4: قَرَعَ بَيْنَ ظُفْرِ

إِبْهَامِهِ وَظُفْرِ سَبَّابَتِهِ He fillipped with the nail of his thumb and that of his forefinger. (Lth, K, * TA, art. زنجر.) b5: هُوَ الفَحْلُ لَا يُقْرَعُ أَنْفُهُ: see أَنْفٌ and قدع. b6: قَرَعَ أَنْفَهُ, inf. n. قَرْعٌ, (assumed tropical:) He rejected him, repelled him, or turned him back; namely a suitor in a case of marriage. (TA, in art. بضع.) See بُضْعٌ. b7: إِنَّ العَصَا قُرِعَتْ لِذِى الحِلْمِ: see Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 55; and Har, 656. b8: لَا يُقْرَعُ لَهُ العَصَا: see Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 543, and Har, 655, in two places. b9: قَرَعَهُ بِعَصَا المَلَامَةِ: see عَصًا. b10: قَرَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ بِالعَصَا and بِالسَّيْفِ: see فَرَعْتُ. b11: قَرَعَ ظُنْبُوبَ بَعِيرِهِ: and قَرَعَ لِأَمْرِهِ ظُنْبُوبَهُ: &c.: see art. ظنب: and قَرَعَ لِلْأَمْرِ سَاقَهُ: see سَاقٌ.2 قَرَّعَهُ He reproached him for his crime or the like, saying to him, Thou didst so and so. (TA, voce مُثَرِّبٌ.) b2: قَرَّعَ He took, got, or won, a bet, wager, or stake. (L, in TA, voce نَدَبٌ.) 3 قَارَعَهُ

: see its syn. سَاهَمَهُ.4 أَقْرَعَ بَيْنَهُمْ He ordered, or commanded, them to cast, or draw, lots, or to practise sortilege, [among themselves,] for the thing (عَلَى الشَّىْءِ): (JM:) [see an ex. in the Mgh, in this art.:] or he prepared, or disposed, them, for doing so, for the thing (على الشىء): (Msb:) or he cast, or drew, lots, or practised sortilege, among them. (K.) The first explanation is generally preferable. See أَسْهَمَ بَيْنَهُمْ.6 هُمَا يَتَقاَرَظَانِ الخَيْرَ وَالشَّرَّ

: see تَقَارَضَا.

حُبُّ القَرْعِ Worms in the belly. (TA, voce شهدانج.) But see دُودُ القَرْحِ. القَرْع is not a mistake for القَرْح: حَبُّ القَرْحِ is a corruption, found in medical books: حب القرع is a name of the tape-worm, because each joint of it resembles a grain, or seed, of the gourd. (IbrD.) قَرَعٌ Bare pieces of ground amid herbage. (TA in art. خفى, from a trad.) قُوْعَةٌ [A lot used in sortilege: lots collectively: sortilege itself. Used in all these senses in the present day, and app. in the classical times.]

ضَرَبَ القُرْعَةَ He shuffled, or cast, or drew, lots; performed a sortilege.

قَرِيعٌ

; pl. قَرْعَى: see an ex. of the pl. in a prov. cited voce اِسْتَنَّ. b2: هُوَ قَرِيعُ وَحْدِهِ: see وحد.

قَارِعَةُ الطَّرِيقِ The higher, or highest, part of the road; the part that is trodden by the passengers; [the beaten way]. (Msb.) In law books expl. as meaning أَطْرَافُ الطَّرِيقِ; opposed to its جَادَّة.

قَارِعَةٌ A sudden calamity. (K.) See also Bd, and Jel, in xiii. 31, and an ex. voce اِنْفَرَجَ.

مَقْرَعٌ

: see مَغْمَزٌ.

مِقْرَعٌ

: see مَضْرَبٌ.

مِقْرَعَةٌ A whip: or anything with which one beats: (K:) or a thing with which a beast is beaten: (Az, TA:) or a piece of wood with which mules and asses are beaten: (TA:) [a cudgel: often applied in the present day to a cudgel made of the thick part of a palm-stick; and this, when used in sport, has several splits made in the thicker end, to cause the blows to produce a loud sound:] pl. مَقَارِعُ. (TA.)

شمس

1 شَمَسَ, aor. ـُ and شَمِسَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شُمُوسٌ; (TA;) and شَمِسَ, aor. ـَ (K) and شَمُسَ also, like فَضِلَ, aor. ـْ accord. to the lexicologists, as ISd says, but he holds the aor. of شَمِسَ to be شَمَسَ [only]; (TA;) and ↓ اشمس; (S, K;) It (a day) was, or became, sunny, or sunshiny; it had sun, or sunshine: (S, Msb, K:) or it had sun, or sunshine, all the daytime: or it was, or became, clear, or unobscured: (TA:) or its sun was, or became, vehement. (IF, Msb.) A2: شَمَسَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA) and شَمِسَ, (Msb,) inf. n. شُمُوسٌ and شِمَاسٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He (a horse) refused to be ridden or mounted: (S, K:) or took fright and broke loose and ran away, refusing to be ridden, by reason of the vehemence of his force of resistance, [for لِشِدَّةِ متعبه in the TA, I read لشدّة مَنَعَتِهِ,] and his sharpness of temper, so that he would not remain still: (TA:) or became rebellious against his rider. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] شَمَسَتِ المَرْأَةُ (assumed tropical:) The woman abstained from looking at men, and from exciting their desire. (TA.) b3: And شَمَسَ لِى فُلَانٌ (tropical:) Such a one showed enmity to me: (K: *) or showed his enmity to me, (T, S, A,) and almost made it to take effect, (A,) or as though he purposed to act: (T, TA:) or شَمَسَ فِى فُلَانٍ signifies, [unless فى be a mistake for لِى, and فُلَانٍ for فُلَانٌ,] he showed his enmity [towards such a one], and could not conceal it. (M in TA.) [See also 3.] b4: And الخَمْرُ تَشْمُسُ بِصَاحِبِهَا (assumed tropical:) Wine overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker. (TA.) 2 شمّس, (TK,) inf. n. تَشْمِيسٌ, (K,) He worshipped the sun. (K, TK.) A2: And He spread a thing in the sun, or sunshine, (K, TK,) in order that it might dry. (TA.) 3 شامسهُ, inf. n. مُشَامَسَةٌ and شِمَاسٌ, He opposed him, and treated him with enmity or hostility. (Th, TA.) [See also 1.]4 أَشْمَسَ see 1, first signification. b2: [Also He ascended a mountain towards the sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]5 تشمّس He (a man) sat in the sun, or sunshine: (TA:) he set himself up [or exposed himself standing] to the sun. (S, TA.) A2: تشمّس عَلَيْهِ He was niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, to him. (TA.) [See also the part. n., below.]

الشَّمْسُ [The sun;] the body of the solar light, that runs its course in the firmament: (Lth, * TA:) it is fem.: (S, * Msb, K:) and has neither dual nor pl.: (Msb:) or it has a pl., [though this is not used in a pl. sense,] namely, شُمُوسٌ, (S, K,) as though they called every part of it a شمس, like as they said مَفَارِقُ for مَفْرِقٌ. (S.) When it is made determinate without the article ال, [as] in the name عَبْدُ شَمْسَ, meaning The Servant of the Sun, (Msb, K,) i. e., of this luminous object, (Msb,) the شمس of heaven, because they used to worship it, (K,) it is imperfectly decl., (Aboo-'Alee, Msb, K,) because it is determinate and of the fem. gender, (Aboo-'Alee, K,) or because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender and altered from الشَّمْس: (Msb:) and a poet says, كَلَّا وَشَمْسَ لَنَخْضِبَنَّهُمُ دَمًا [Nay verily, by the sun, we will assuredly dye them with blood], making شمس imperfectly decl. because he means the art. ال to be understood: (IAar, TA:) but some say that in the former instance, (Msb, TA,) and in the latter, (TA,) the word in question has a different signification, which will be shown below: (Msb, TA:) and Sb says that none of the Arabs made شمس determinate without the art. ال, except in the proper name mentioned above, in which all of them made it so. (TA.) The dim. is ↓ شُمَيْسَةٌ. (S, TA.) b2: [Also The sun, or sunshine.] You say, قَعَدَ فِى الشَّمْسِ [He sat in the sun, or sunshine]. (TA.) b3: Also, (K, TA,) or شَمْسٌ, (Msb,) A certain ancient idol. (Msb, K.) Accord. to Ibn-El-Kelbee, it is this that is meant by the proper name mentioned above; and if so, it is perfectly decl.: (Msb:) and some say that it is this also that is meant in the words of the poet cited above, and that he makes the word imperfectly decl. because he uses it as a proper name of the image (الصُّورَة). (TA.) A2: شَمْسٌ also signifies A kind of necklace or collar: (S, K:) or a pendant, or suspended ornament, (مِعْلَاق,) of the necklace or collar upon the neck: or the collar of a dog: (TA:) or a kind of women's ornament: of the masc. gender: (Lh, TA:) pl. شُمُوسٌ. (TA.) b2: And A kind of comb, (K,) with which women in the first age used to comb themselves; (TA;) as also ↓ شَمْسَةٌ. (IDrd, TA.) A3: يَوْمٌ شَمْسٌ: see شَامِسٌ.

يَوْمٌ شَمِسٌ: see شَامِسٌ.

شَمْسَةٌ: see شَمْسٌ, last sentence but one.

شَمْسِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the sun; solar].

السَّنَةُ الشَّمْسِيَّةُ The solar year. (Mgh.) b2: It is also a term applied by some of the Arabs to The first [annual] increase [of sheep and goats]. (Aboo-Nasr, TA voce صَفَرِىٌّ, q. v.) شَمَاسٌ The disposition, in a horse, of refusing to be ridden, or mounted. (S.) b2: [And hence,] (assumed tropical:) The disposition, in a woman, of abstaining from looking at men, and from exciting their desire: a subst. from شَمَسَتٌ. (TA.) شَمُوسٌ A horse that refuses to be ridden or mounted; (S, K;) as also ↓ شَامِسٌ: (K:) or that takes fright and breaks loose and runs away, refusing to be ridden, by reason of the vehemence of his force of resistance and his sharpness of temper, so that he will not remain still: (TA: [see 1:]) or that will hardly remain still: (A:) or that rebels against his rider: (Msb:) or that refuses to be ridden or mounted, and will hardly remain still: (Mgh:) also applied to a she-camel: (TA:) شَمُوصٌ, with ص, applied to a horse is not allowable: (Msb:) pl. شُمُسٌ (A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شُمْسٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A woman who abstains from looking at men, and from exciting their desire; as also ↓ شَامِسَةٌ: pl. of the former, شُمُسٌ; and of the latter, [شَوَامِسُ and] شُمُوسٌ. (TA.) b3: Hence also, (Msb,) (tropical:) A man refractory, untractable, perverse, stubborn, or obstinate, in disposition: (S, Msb, TA:) and a man hard, harsh, or illnatured, in his enmity, vehement in contrariousness to him who opposes him: (TA:) شَمُوصٌ [with ص] is not allowable. (S.) b4: [Hence too,] الشَّمُوسُ (assumed tropical:) Wine: (AHn, K:) because it overcomes, and runs away with, its drinker, like the horse to which this epithet is applied. (AHn.) شُمَيْسَةٌ dir of شَمْسٌ, q. v.

شَمَّاسٌ One of the heads of the Christians, who shaves the middle of his head, and keeps to the church: (Lth, A, Mgh, K:) [in the present day, a deacon: see جَاثَلِيقُ:] not pure Arabic, (IDrd,) or not sound Arabic: (M:) [probably, as Golius says, from the Chaldee 165:] pl. شَمَامِسَةٌ. (Mgh, K: [in the TA, شماسة; and in a copy of the A, شَمَّاسَة; but the right reading is that in the Mgh.]) شَامِسٌ A sunny, or sunshiny, day; a day having sun, or sunshine: or having sun, or sunshine, all the daytime: or clear; unobscured: and in like manner, ↓ شَمْسٌ and ↓ شَمِسٌ, a clear, cloudless, day: and شَامِسٌ also signifies intensely hot: (TA:) and ↓ مُشْمِسٌ, applied to a day, signifies the same as شَامِسٌ; (A;) and so ↓ مَشْمُوسٌ. (Th, TA.) A2: A neck having [ornaments of the kind called] شُمُوس [pl. of شَمْسٌ, q. v.]: a possessive epithet. (TA.) A3: See also شَمُوسٌ, in two places.

أَشْمَسُ More, and most, incompliant or resisting. (Ham p. 324.) مُشْمِسٌ: see شَامِسٌ.

مُشَمَّسٌ Made [or spread to dry (see 2)] in the sun, or sunshine. (S.) مُشَمِّسٌ A worshipper of the sun. (O, TA.) مَشْمُوسٌ: see شَامِسٌ.

مُتَشَمِّسٌ [Sitting in or] setting himself up to [or exposing himself standing to] the sun. (K.) A2: A man who defends what is behind his back: (ISh, TA:) a man strong (ISh, K, TA) in that which sustains or supports him; syn. قَوِىٌّ شَديدُ القُومِيَّةِ: (ISh, TA:) Sgh says شَديدُ القُوَّةِ; but the former is the right reading: (TA:) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, to the utmost degree. (K.)

جبل

1 جَبَلَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K) and جَبِلَ, (K,) inf. n. جَبْلٌ, (KL.) He (God) created him. (S, Msb, K, KL.) So in the phrase, جَبَلَهُ عَلَى كَذَا, (Msb,) or على الشَّىْءِ, (K,) He (God) created him with an adaptation, or a disposition, to such a thing, or to the thing; adapted him, or disposed him, by nature thereto. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., جُبِلَتِ القُلُوبُ عَلَى حُبِّ مَنْ أَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهَا وَبُغْضِ مَنْ أَسَآءَ إِلَيْهَا [Hearts are created with a disposition to the love of him who does good to them, and the hatred of him who does evil to them]. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) i. q. جَبَرَهُ [evidently as meaning He compelled him, against his will, عَلَى الأَمْرِ to do the thing; for he who is created with a disposition to do a thing is as though he were compelled to do it]; and so ↓ اجبلهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. إِجْبَالٌ. (TA.) A2: جَبِلَ (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became like a mountain (جَبَل) in bigness, thickness, coarseness, or roughness. (TA.) b2: جَبِلَ حَدِيدُهُمْ (K, TA; in the CK, جَبَلَ; and in a MS. copy of the K, without any vowels;) (assumed tropical:) Their iron was, or became, blunt, such as would not penetrate. (K, * TA.) 3 جابل He (a man) alighted, or descended and abode, or sojourned, or settled, in a mountain. (AA, TA.) 4 اجبل He came, or went, or betook himself, to the mountain. (ISk, S, K.) b2: (tropical:) He (a digger) reached a hard place, (S, K,) or stone, (Mgh,) in his digging. (TA. [الحَافِر, meaning “ the digger,” Golius seems to have misunderstood as meaning “ the hoof ” of a horse.]) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) He (a poet) experienced difficulty in diction, (K, TA,) so that he said nothing original, nor anything in the way of repetition. (TA.) b4: And طَلَبَ حَاجَةً فَأَجْبَلَ (assumed tropical:) He sought a thing that he wanted, and failed of attaining it. (TA.) b5: And سَأَلْنَاهُمْ فَأَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) We asked them, and they refused, and did not give. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, TA.) b6: And أَجْبَلُوا (tropical:) Their iron became blunt, so that it would not penetrate. (K, * TA.) A2: اجبلهُ (tropical:) He found him to be a جَبَل, i. e. a niggard: (K, TA:) it is considered as implying fixedness. (TA.) b2: See also 1.5 تجبّلوا They entered a mountain: (K:) or, accord. to the O, you say, تجبّل القَوْمُ الجِبَالَ, meaning, the people, or company of men, entered the mountains. (TA.) جَبْلٌ (assumed tropical:) Big, thick, coarse, or rough; (TA;) as also ↓ جَبِلٌ , applied to a thing (S, O, K) of any kind: (K:) or this latter is applied to an arrow, signifying (assumed tropical:) coarsely, roughly, or rudely, pared. (K.) You say رَجُلٌ جَبْلُ الرَّأْسِ , (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, جَبَلُ الرأس ,]) and الوَجْهِ, (TA,) (tropical:) A man having a big, thick, coarse, or rough, head, and face; (TA;) having little sweetness. (K, TA.) [See also جَبِيلٌ.] and ↓ رَجُلٌ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, and heavy, man. (Ham p. 818.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (K [in one place in the CK جَبَلَةٌ and جِبْلَةٌ, but only جَبْلَةٌ accord. to the TA,]) and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (S, K) (tropical:) A woman big, thick, coarse, or rough, (S, K, TA,) in make; (S;) large in make. (TA.) And خِلْقَةٌ جَبْلَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, make. (Ham p. 821.) And نَاقَةٌ جَبْلَةُ السَّنَامِ (tropical:) A she-camel having an increasing hump. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ جَبْلٌ and ↓ مِجْبَالٌ (assumed tropical:) A sword not made thin. (TA.) A2: Also (K, TA, [in the CK, جَبَل,]) A court [of a house]; syn. سَاحَةٌ. (K.) جُبْلٌ: see جِبْلٌ: b2: and جِبِلٌّ.

A2: Also Dry trees. (K.) جِبْلٌ Much; or numerous; (S, K;) as also ↓ جُبْلٌ (K.) So in the phrases مَالٌ جِبْلٌ [Much property; or numerous cattle]; and حَىٌّ جِبْلٌ A numerous tribe. (S.) b2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places.

جَبَلٌ [A mountain: or] any of the mountains (أَوْتَاد [lit. “pegs,” or “stakes,” a term applied to the mountains because they are supposed to make the earth firm, or fast,]) of the earth, that is great and long; (Mgh, K;) or, as some say, only such as is long; (Msb;) such as is isolated being called أَكَمَةٌ, or قُنَّةٌ: (K:) [and also applied to a rocky tract; any rocky elevation, however little elevated:] and sometimes it means stone; [or rock;] such, for instance, as is reached by the digger: and hence it is applied to Es-Safà and El-Marweh: (Mgh:) pl. [of mult.] جِبَالٌ (S, Msb, K) and (of pauc., Msb) أَجْبُلٌ (Msb, K) and أَجْبَالٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A man who does not remove from his place: you say of such a one, هُوَ جَبَلٌ. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A niggard. (K, TA.) [See 4.] b4: (tropical:) The lord, or chief, of a people, or company of men: and their learned man. (Fr, K, TA.) b5: ابْنَةُ الجَبَل (assumed tropical:) The serpent: (K:) because it keeps to the جَبَل. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) Calamity, or misfortune. (K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) The bow that is made from the tree called نَبْع; (K, TA;) because this is one of the trees of the جَبَل. (TA.) b8: (assumed tropical:) The echo. (Har p. 472.) جَبُلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبِلٌ: see جَبْلٌ. b2: Also, applied to the iron head, or blade, of an arrow, or of a spear, or of a sword, &c., (tropical:) Blunt; that will not penetrate into a thing: (Ibn-' Abbád, K, * TA:) and so, with ة, applied to a فَأْس. (TA.) جُبُلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

جَبْلَةٌ (K, TA, [in the CK جَبَلَةٌ,]) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ The face: or the بَشَرَة [or external skin] thereof: or the part thereof that is turned towards one. (K.) A2: Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) A vice, fault, defect, or blemish. (K.) A3: And Strength. (K.) b2: And Hardness of the earth, or ground. (Lth, K.) A4: See also جُبْلَةٌ: A5: and see جِبْلَپٌ.

جُبْلَةٌ A camel's hump; (S, K;) as also ↓ جَبْلَةٌ. (K.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ: A3: and see جِبِلَّةٌ, in two places.

جِبْلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ. b2: Also The origin, or stock, (K, TA,) of any created thing; (TA;) and so ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ. (K, TA.) b3: The fundamental nature, or composition, of a mountain. (TA.) b4: ثَوْبٌ جَيِّدُ الجِبْلَةِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, good in respect of the thread (K, TA) and the weaving. (TA.) b5: رَجُلٌ ذُو جِبْلَةٍ (assumed tropical:) A big, thick, coarse, or rough, man. (S, K.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in two places: A3: and see جَبْلَةٌ.

جَبَلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ.

جُبُلٌّ: see what next follows.

جِبِلٌّ and ↓ جُبُلٌّ and ↓ جِبْلٌ [accord. to the CK like عَدْلٌ, but correctly like عِدْلٌ,] and ↓ جُبْلٌ and ↓ جُبُلٌ, (S, K,) accord. to different readings of the instance occurring in the Kur xxxvi. 62, the first being the reading of the people of ElMedeeneh, (S,) [and the most common,] A great company of men; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلٌ: (K:) or [simply] a company of men; (S;) as also ↓ جَبُلٌ, accord. to Kh; (Sgh, TA;) and so ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ: which last three signify also the same as أُمَّةٌ [a nation, or people, &c.]: (K:) it is said [by some] that جِبِلٌّ is pl. [or coll. gen. n.] of ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ meaning a numerous company: (TA:) جِبَلَةٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلٌ: one says, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ جِبَلَتَكُمْ [May God remove far from prosperity, or success,] your companies: (Fr, TA:) and جِبَلٌ is pl. of ↓ جِبْلَةٌ. (Bd in xxxvi. 62.) جُبُلَّةٌ Much, or an abundance, or a large quantity or number, or anything; as also ↓ جِبِلَّةٌ. (K.) A2: See also جِبْلَةٌ: A3: and see what next follows, in two places.

جِبِلَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ جُبُلَّةٌ and ↓ جَبِيلَةٌ (Sgh, MF) and ↓ جِبْلَةٌ (AA, S, K) and ↓ جُبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبْلَةٌ and ↓ جَبَلَةٌ, (K,) but this last, accord. to MF, is unknown, (TA,) Nature; or natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; idiosyncrasy; syn. خِلْقَةٌ (AA, S, Sgh, Msb, K) and طَبِيعَةٌ (Msb, K) and غَرِيزَةٌ; all these signifying the same: (Msb:) pl. of the first جِبِلَّاتٌ. (S.) Hence, in the Kur [xxvi. 184], وَالجِبِلَّةَ الأَوَّلِينَ, (S,) meaning الخَلِيقَةَ, (Jel,) or ذَوِي الجِبِلَّةِ, i. e. And the preceding created beings: (Bd:) El-Hasan read with damm [i. e. ↓ الجُبُلَّةَ or ↓ الجثبْلَةَ]. (S.) A2: See also جِبِلٌّ, in three places: b2: and see جُبُلَّةٌ.

جَبَلِىٌّ Of, or relating to, a mountain or mountains; contr. of سُهْلِىٌّ. (The Lexicons &c. passim.) جِبِلّىٌّ Natural; i. e. of, or relating to, the natural, native, innate, or original, constitution, disposition, temper, or other quality or property; like طَبِيعِىٌّ; i. e. essential; resulting from the Creator's ordering of the natural disposition in the body. (Msb.) جِبَالٌ (tropical:) The body, with, or without, the members; syn. جَسَدٌ and بَدَنٌ; (K, TA;) as being likened to a mountain in bigness [?]. (TA.) One says, أَحْسَنَ اللّٰهُ جِبَالَهُ, meaning, (tropical:) [May God render beautiful] his body (جَسَدَهُ): and [render good] his created خُلُق [or mind, with its qualities and attributes: but I rather think that خُلُق is here a mistranscription for خَلْق, meaning make]. (Ibn-' Abbád, TA.) جَبِيلٌ: see جِبِلٌّ.

A2: جَبِيلُ الوَجْهِ (tropical:) A man having a bad, or an ugly, face. (K, TA.) [See also جَبْلٌ.]

جَبِيلَةٌ: see جِبِلَّةٌ.

مِجْبَالٌ: see جَبْلٌ, in three places.

مَجْبُولٌ, applied to a man, (assumed tropical:) Great, large, or big, (K, TA,) in make; as though he were a mountain. (TA.)

ودع

1 وَدُعَ

, (S, K,) inf. n. وَدْعٌ and دَعَةٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S,) or it, (a thing, TA,) became still, quiet, or at rest; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ اِتَّدَعَ, (K, TA,) [quasi-] inf. n. تُدْعَةٌ and تُدَعَةٌ. (TA.) You say to a man, ↓ اِنَّدَعْ and ↓ تَوَدَّعْ meaning Be thou grave, staid, steady, sedate, or calm. (TA.) See also 1; and art. وذر. b2: وَدُعَ and وَدَعَ, inf. n. وَدَاعَةٌ, He was, or became, in a state of ease, and ampleness of the means or circumstances of life. (Msb.) b3: دَعْ: see an ex. voce آذَى: it may be rendered, in different cases, Leave thou, or let alone, or say nothing of: see بَلْهَ. b4: دَعْنِى مِنْ كَذَا Let me alone and cease from such a thing: and exempt thou me, or excuse me, from such a thing. b5: دَعْ عَنْكَ كَذَا Dismiss thou from thee such a thing. See خُذْ عَنْكَ. b6: دَعْ مَا يَرِيبُكَ إِلَى لَا يَرِيبُكَ: see art. ريب. b7: دَعْ مَا زَيْدٌ: see سِىٌّ in art. سوى. b8: وَدَعَ used as a pret.: see an ex. voce زَائِلَةٌ, in art. زول.2 وَدَّعَهُ

, (MA,) inf. n. تَوْديعٌ, (PS,) He bade farewell to him. (MA, PS.) 3 وَادَعَهُ

, inf. n. مُوَادَعَةٌ, and subst. وِدَاعٌ, He made peace or reconciled himself, with him: (Msb:) [the inf. n.] مُوَادَعَةٌ is syn. with مُصَالَحَةٌ

because it is مُتَارَكَةٌ [a mutual leaving, or leaving unmolested]. (Mgh.) b2: مُوَادَعَةٌ is also syn. with تَرْكٌ; as also ↓ دَعَةٌ: (TA:) so that وَادَعَهُ signifies He left him: but more correctly, he left him, being left by him; like تَارَكَهُ, and خَالَاهُ; and this is the primary meaning.5 تَوَدَّعَ see 1.6 تَوَادَعَا They two made peace, or became reconciled, each with the other. (K.) 7 إِنْوَدَعَ see 1.8 اِتَّدَعَ

: see 1: he acted, or proceeded, with moderation, without haste or hurry, in his pace or journeying. (M in art. اون.) 10 اِسْتَوْدَعَهُ مَالًا He intrusted him with property; intrusted to him property; gave property to him in trust, or as a deposit. (Msb.) and اِسْتَوْدَعَهُ وَدِيعَةً He asked him to keep, preserve, guard, or take care of, a deposit. (K.) دَعَةٌ Ease; repose; freedom from trouble or inconvenience, and toil or fatigue; tranquillity; syn. خَفْضٌ (S. Mgh, K, TA) and رَاحَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and سُكُونٌ; (TA;) and ampleness of circumstances (سَعَةٌ) in life: (K:) or دَعَةٌ is syn. with راحة and سكون; but خَفْضٌ signifies “ ampleness of the circumstances ” (سَعَهٌّ) of life, and “ plentifulness and pleasantness ” thereof: [see an ex. of both, voce خَفْضٌ]. (El-Marzookee and MF, art. خفض.) A2: See 1 and 3.

وَدَعَةٌ A cowry; Cypræa: see an ex. cited voce سَمَّ.

وَدِيعَةٌ A thing committed to the trust and care of a person; a trust; a deposit. (Mgh, Msb.) See 10.

وَدَاعٌ [Gravity, steadiness:] i. q. سَكِينَةٌ, [like ↓ مَوْدُوعٌ,] as also وَقَارٌ. (S, L, in art. سكن.) b2: And Valediction. (S, Msb.) مِيدَعٌ and مِيدَعَةٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, used as a repository for clothes. (TA.) مَوْدُوعٌ

: see وَدَاعٌ, and see a verse cited voce مَصْدَق.

مُسْتَوْدَعٌ A depository: see a verse cited voce ظِلٌّ.

صير

1 صَارَ كَذَا, (T, S, Msb,) aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. صَيْرُورَةٌ (S, Msb) and صَيْرٌ, (S,) He, or it, attained to the state, or condition, of such a thing; (T;) became such a thing; (T, Msb;) in which sense the verb is like كَانَ [in meaning, when the latter is non-attributive, and in having its subject in the nom. case and its predicate in the accus.]. (T.) You say, صَارَ زَيْدٌ رَجُلًا Zeyd became a man; or attained to the state, or condition, of a man. (TA.) And صَارَ زَيْدٌ غَنِيًّا Zeyd became rich, not having been so. (Msb.) And صَارَ العَصِيرُ خَمْرًا The expressed juice became wine. (Msb.) [and صَارَ لَا شَىْءَ عِنْدَهُ He became in a state, or condition, in which there was not anything in his possession. And صَارَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He became in the state, or condition, of doing such a thing; i. e. he became occupied, or engaged, in doing such a thing; or he set about, began, commenced, took to, or betook himself to, doing such a thing; like جَعَلَ. And صَارَ لَا يَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا He became in the state, or condition, of not doing anything; or he became unoccupied in doing anything. and صَارَ لَا يَتَكَلَّمُ He became in the state of not speaking; he became speechless. And صَارَ يَتَفَكَّرُ فِى كَذَا He became in a state of reflection upon such a thing; he began to reflect upon such a thing.] b2: One says also, صَارَ الأَمْرُ إِلَى كَذَا, (M, A, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (TA,) inf. n. مَصِيرٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) which is anomalous, being regularly مَصَارٌ, like مَعَاشٌ, (S,) and صَيْرٌ and صَيْرُورَةٌ, (M, A, K,) i. e. رَجَعَ إِلَيْهِ: (Msb:) [but this is a loose explanation; the meaning being, The thing, or affair, or case, came eventually (see صِيرٌ) to such a state, or condition:] the difference between مَصِيرٌ and مَرْجِعٌ is, that the former word necessarily implies a difference [of the latter state or condition] from the former state or condition; but the latter word does not. (Bd in iii. 156.) [In this case, the ulterior state or condition is likened to a place: for] b3: صَارَ also signifies He, or it, attained in respect of place: so in the saying, صَارَ زَيْدٌ إِلَى عَمْرٍو [Zeyd came, or went, or pursued a course that brought him, to 'Amr]. (TA.) صِرْتُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ [I came, &c., to such a one] is similar to the phrase in the Kur [iii. 27]

وَإِلَى اللّٰهِ الْمَصِيرُ [And to God, as the ultimate object, is the transition, or course, of every human being]. (S.) [Hence, أًلَا إِلَى اللّٰهِ تَصِيرُ الْأُمُورُ, in the Kur xlii. last verse, which Bd explains by adding the words بِارْتِفَاعِ الوَسَائِطِ وَالتَّعَلُّقَاتِ; the meaning being, Verily to God are things, or events, referrible, mediately and dependently: in the Expos. of the Jel expl. as meaning تَرْجِعُ.] b4: [And in like manner one says, صَارَ لَهُ كَذَا Such a thing came to, betided, or befell, him, or it: and hence, he, or it, came to have, or became possessed of, such a thing.] b5: And صَارَ فِى أَرْضِ فَلَاةٍ [He became, or came to be, meaning he found himself, in a desert, or waterless, land]; i. q. وَقَعَ فِيهَا. (Msb in art. وقع.) And صَارَ فِى الرَّبِيعِ [He entered, lit. became in, the season called ربيع]; i. q. أَرْبَعَ [which is expl. in the S as signifying دَخَلَ فِى الرَّبِيعِ]. (K in art. ربع.) A2: صَيْرٌ signifies also The returning of seekers after herbage to the watering-places. (O, K.) And one says, صَارَ الرَّجُلُ, aor. ـِ [inf. n. صَيْرٌ,] The man stayed, or abode, at the water. (TA.) and صَارَ النَّاسُ المَآءَ The people stayed, or abode, at the water. (M, K, TA.) A3: صَارَهُ, (S,) first Pers\. صِرْتُهُ, (M,) aor. as above, (S,) inf. n. صَيْرٌ, (K,) a dial. var. of صَارَهُ having for its aor. ـُ [q. v.,] (S,) He cut it; (S, M, K;) and clave it, or split it. (M.) b2: And in like manner, [i. e. as a dial. var. of صَارَهُ having for its aor. ـُ He made it to incline, or lean. (S.) You say, صَارَ وَجْهَهُ, aor. ـِ (M,) as also يَصُورُ, (M and K in art. صور,) He turned his face towards a person or thing. (M.) And صِرْتُ عُنُقَهُ I twisted his neck. (M.) [Respecting the phrase فَصِرْهُنَّ إِلَيْكَ in the Kur ii.

262, accord. to one reading, see 1 in art. صور.] b3: صَارَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. صَيْرٌ, signifies also حَبَسَهُ [He confined, restricted, &c., him, or it]. (Msb.) 2 صيّرهُ كَذَا He made him, or it, to be in such a state, or condition; or he made him, or it, to be such a thing; [as also ↓ أَصَارَهُ;] syn. جَعَلَهُ. (S.) You say, صَيَّرَنِى لَهُ عَبْدًا and ↓ أًصَارَنِى [He made me to be to him a slave]. (A.) b2: [And صَيَّرَهُ إِلَى

كَذَا and ↓ أَصَارَهُ He, or it, made, or caused, him, or it, to come, or to pursue a course that led, to such a state, or condition; brought, or reduced, him, or it, thereto.] 'Omeyleh El-Fezáree said to his paternal uncle Ibn-'Ankà, ↓ مَا الَّذِى أَصَارَكَ

إِلَى مَا أَرَى يَا عَمِّ [What hath made thee to come, or brought thee, or reduced thee, to the state, or condition, that I see, O my paternal uncle?]. (M.) [In this case, the ulterior state or condition is likened to a place: for] you say, صَيَّرَهُ إِلَيْهِ and ↓ أَصَارَهُ [meaning He, or it, made him to come, or brought him, to him, or it; i. e., to a person, or place, or to a state, or condition:] (M, K:) and صَيَّرَتْنِى إِلَيْهِ الحَاجَةُ and ↓ أَصَارَتْنِى [Want, or need, or necessity, made me to come, or brought me, to him, or it]. (A.) And [hence,] صَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ الأَمْرَ He committed to him the thing, or affair; syn. فَوَّضَهُ اليه. (M in art. فوض.) [And صَيَّرَ لَهُ كَذَا He made such a thing to come to, betide, or befall, him, or it: and consequently, he made him, or it, to have, or become possessed of, such a thing.] b3: تَصْيِيرٌ is also by word, or covenant, as well as by deed. (Bd in ii. 20.) [You say, صَيَّرَهُ كَذَا meaning He asserted, or pronounced, him, or it, to be in such a state, or condition; or to be such a thing: in which case, also, it is syn. with جَعَلَهُ, whereby it is expl. in the S. And صَيَّرَ لَهُ كَذَا He asserted, or pronounced, such a thing to belong to him, or it; asserted, or pronounced, him, or it, to have such a thing; attributed to him, or it, such a thing: and appointed or assigned, to him, or it, such a thing.]4 أَصْيَرَ see 2, in six places.5 تصيّر أَبَاهُ He became like his father. (S, M, K.) صَيْرٌ: see what next follows.

صِيرٌ The ulterior or ultimate, latter or last, state, or condition; the end, conclusion, event, issue, or result; of a thing, an affair, or a case; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صَيْرٌ (O, K) and ↓ مَصِيرٌ (S, O, Msb, TA) and ↓ مَصِيرَةٌ (TA) and ↓ صَيُّورٌ, (S, M, K,) of the measure فَيْعُولٌ, (S,) and ↓ صَيُّورَةٌ. (K.) b2: The verge, brink, or point, of an affair, or event. (M, K.) You say, أَنَا عَلَى

صِيرٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ كَذَا I am on the verge of such an affair, or event. (M.) And أَنَا عَلَى صِيرٍ مِنْ حَاجَتِى

I am at the point of [attaining] the object of my want. (M.) And أَنَا عَلَى صِيرٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِى

I am at the point of accomplishing my want. (A.) And فُلَانٌ عَلَى صِيرِ أَمْرٍ Such a one is at the point of accomplishing an affair. (S.) A2: A water at which people stay, or abide; (M, O, K;) as also ↓ صِيرَةٌ. (TA.) A3: A crevice of a door. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ نَظَرَ فِى

صِيرِ بَابٍ فَفُقِئَتْ عَيْنُهُ فَهِىَ هَدَرٌ [Whosoever looks into the crevice of a door and has his eye put out, it is a thing for which no mulct is to be exacted]: (S, M:) A'Obeyd says that this is the only instance in which the word [in this sense] has been heard. (S.) A4: [The condiment, made of small fish, called] صِحْنَاة: (S, M, K:) or [a condiment, or the like,] resembling صحناة: (M, K:) or what is called in Pers\. مَاهِى آوَهْ [jelly of salted fish]; as also صِحْنَاةٌ: (Mgh voce صحناة:) and the small salted fish of which صحناة is made: (Kr, M, K:) or the young ones of fish: [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة: (Msb:) thought by IDrd to be Syriac; (TA;) by IAth, to be Pers\., as also صحناة. (TA in art. صحن.) A5: Also The أُسْفُفّ [properly bishop] of the Jews. (O, K.) A6: See also the next paragraph.

صِيرَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to A'Obeyd صِيْرَةٌ, with fet-h, but Az says that this is a mistake, (TA,) An enclosure (حَظِيرَة) for sheep or goats (S, M, Msb, K) and for cows or bulls, (M, K,) constructed of wood and stones (M, TA) and of branches of trees; (TA;) as also ↓ صِيَارَةٌ, (M, K,) which latter is said by IDrd to be of the dial. of the people of Baghdád: (TA:) pl. of the former صِيَرٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and [coll. gen. n.] ↓ صِيرٌ. (M, K.) A2: See also صِيرٌ.

صِيَارٌ The صَنْج; (O and TA in this art., and TS and K and TA in art. صبر;) i. e. the stringed instrument thus called: (TS and TA in that art., and O and TA in the present art.:) [this is the right meaning, as is shown by the latter of the two verses cited voce صُبَارَةٌ: but,] accord. to AHeyth, (O,) the sound of the صَنْج. (O and K in the present art.) A2: See also art. صور.

صِيَارَةٌ: see صِيرَةٌ.

A2: Also i. q. صُبَارَةٌ [q. v., signifying Stones, &c.]. (M in art. صبر.) صَيِّرٌ A grave. (AA, O, K. [Perhaps so called as being the ulterior abode.]) One says, هٰذَا صَيِّرُ فُلَانٍ This is the grave of such a one. (O.) A2: And A company (جَمَاعَة). (O, K.) A3: See also art. صور.

صَيِّرَةٌ A thing, upon the head of a قَارَة [or small isolated mountain or the like], resembling the [heap of stones, piled up as a sign of the way, called] أَمَرَة, except that it is cased, and the امرة is taller than it, and larger; or [in my originals “ and ”] they are both cased, but the امرة is peaked and tall, and the صيّره is round and wide, and has angles [app. at the base]; and sometimes it is excavated, and gold and silver are found in it: it is of the work of 'Ád and Irem. (O, TA.) صَائِرٌ Staying, or abiding, at a water. (TA.) And ↓ صَائِرَةٌ A party, or people, staying, or abiding, at a water. (O, TA.) A2: Also A twister of men's necks. (TA.) A3: [And The pivot at the top, and that at the heel, of a door; the former of which turns in a socket in the lintel, and the latter in a socket in the threshold:] see سَاكِفٌ.

صَائِرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: Also Rain. (M, TA.) b2: And Herbage, or pasture. (M.) See the next paragraph. b3: Also The state of dryness to which herbage comes. (M.) صَيُّورٌ: see صِيرٌ. b2: Also Judgment, or opinion, (S,) and understanding, or intellect, or intelligence; (S, M, K;) as in the saying, مَا لَهُ صَيُّورٌ [He has not judgment nor understanding]: (S, M:) or a judgment, or an opinion, to which one eventually comes; as in the saying, مَا لَهُ بَدْءٌ وَلَا صَيُّورٌ [He has not a first, nor a final, idea, thought, judgment, or opinion]. (A.) A2: Also, (O, K;) as AHn says, on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád, (O;) and ↓ صَائِرَةٌ, (K,) Dry herbage or pasture, that is eaten long after its being green: (O, K:) and he adds that no herbs have صَيُّور except such as are of the kinds called الثَّغْر and الأَفَانِى. (O, TA.) A3: أُمُّ صَيُّورٍ signifies A confused and dubious affair, (M, K,) through which there is no way of passing; as in the phrase وَقَعَ فِى أُمِّ صَيُّورٍ, mentioned by Yaakoob [ISk] in the “ Alfádh ”

[accord. to some of the copies of that work]: originally meaning a [mountain, or hill, such as is termed] هَضْبَة without a pass: but it is more probably صَبُّور [q. v., in art. صبر]. (M.) صَيُّورَةٌ: see صِيرٌ, first sentence.

مَصِيرٌ an inf. n. of صَارَ [q. v.]. (S, M, &c.) A2: [Also A place, and hence a state or condition, to which a person, or thing, eventually comes: a place of destination.] See صِيرٌ. b2: A place where people alight and abide: a good place where people alight and abide. (TA.) b3: A place to which waters come, or take their course: (M, K:) [or a place of herbage, or pasture, and of water: pl. مَصَايِرُ: so in the saying,] خَرَجُوا إِلَى مَصَايِرِهِمْ They went forth to their places of herbage, or pasture, and of water. (A.) A3: See also art. مصر.

مَصِيرَةٌ: see صِيرٌ, first sentence.

وط

أ1 وَطِئَ, aor. ـَ (S, K;) the و, falls out from the aor. of this verb, and from that of وَسِعَ, because they are transitive; for other verbs of the class فَعِلَ, having the aor. of the measure يَفْعَلُ, and the first radical letter infirm, are intransitive; and as these two differ from their class in being transitive, they are also made to differ in the aor. ; (S;) or يَطَأُ was originally يَطِئُ, and therefore the و, falls out from it; (TA;) inf. n. وَطْءٌ, (TA) [and طِئَةٌ, q.v. infra]; and ↓ وطّأ, (K, but this has an intensive signification, MF;) and ↓ توطّأ (S, K) He trod; trod upon; (بِرِجْلِهِ with his foot; S) trod under foot; trampled upon: (S, K, TA:) or وَطِئَهُ signifies he pressed, or bore, upon him, or it, with his hand or his foot. (TA, in art. ثطأ.) [See also وَطْأَةٌ.] b2: طه, at the commencement of the 20th ch. of the Kur, is read by some طَهْ, and said to be for طَأْ, (the ه being substituted for ء,) and to signify Tread upon the ground with the soles of both thy fect; because Mohammad raised one of his feet in prayer. (TA.) b3: هُمْ يَطَؤُهُمُ الطَّرِيقُ (tropical:) They (i. e. the sons of such a one) sojourn, or encamp, near the road, so that its passengers tread upon them [i. e., became their guests]: (Sb, K:) a tropical phrase, in which الطريق is put for أَهْلُ الطَّرِيقِ; this being done to give greater force to the phrase, as it is one expressive of praise; for the road is a thing that is constant; whereas its passengers are sometimes upon it, and sometimes absent. (L.) [It means They are a people who take up their abode near the road in order that many passengers may enjoy their hospitality.]

b4: [See also طَرِيقٌ.] b5: Of the same kind is the phrase أَخَذْنَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ الوَاطِئِ لِبَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [We look to the road whose passengers tread on (i. e., make themselves the guests of,) the sons of such a one]. (IJ.) b6: So too, مَرَرْنَا بِقَوْمٍ

مَوْطُوئِينَ بِالطَّرِيقِ (tropical:) [We passed by a people trod on (i. e., resorted to for their hospitality,) by the passengers of the road]. (IJ.) b7: Also, يَا طَرِيقُ طَأْ بِنَا بَنِى فُلَانٍ (tropical:) O road, bring us near to [or, lit., make us to tread on, i. e., make us the guests of,] the sons of such a one ! (IJ.) b8: وَطِئَ, (S, K,) aor. as above, (S,) Inivit feminam. (S, K.) b9: وَطَأَ, inf. n. طِئَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) He trod under foot, and despised. Ex. نَعُوذُ بِاللّٰهِ مِنْ طِئَةِ الذَّلِيلِ We put our trust in God for protection from the vile person's treading us under foot, and despising us. (Lh.) b10: وَطَأَ and ↓ وطّأ (in MF's copy of the K واطأ) He prepared, and made plain, smooth, or soft. (K.) b11: وَطَيْتُ; for وَطَأْتُ, is disallowed. (TA.) b12: وَطُؤَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. وطأ, [so in the TA: probably a mistake for وَطَآءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ below:] He (a horse &c.) was, or became, easy to ride upon. (TA.) b13: وَطُؤَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. وَطَآءَةٌ (S, K) and وُطُوْءَةٌ (TA) and طَأَةٌ (TA, as from the K) [and, app., طِئَةٌ, q.v. infra], It (a place, S) was plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be travelled, or to walk, or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) A2: كُنْتُ أَطَأُ ذِكْرَهُ (assumed tropical:) I used to conceal the mention of him, or it. (TA, from a trad.) 2 وَطَّاَ See 1, in two places. b2: وطّأ, inf. n. تُوْطِئَةٌ, He made plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be, travelled, or to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K.) He made a beast of carriage easy to ride upon; trained, or broke, it (M, voce رَاضَ.) b3: Also, (TA,) and ↓ توطّأ, (L,) He prepared (L, ubi supra, and TA,) a bed, or a chamber. (TA.) b4: He arranged, or facilitated, an affair. (TA.) وَطَّيْتُ [for وَطَّأْتُ] is disallowed. (S.) b5: وطّأ He (i. e. God) rendered a land plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (TA.) b6: Also, He (God,) rendered a land depressed. (K.) A2: See 4.3 وَاطَأَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ, (Az, S, K,) inf. n. مُوَاطَأَةٌ (S) and وِطَآءٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تواطأهُ and ↓ توطّأهُ; (K;) (tropical:) He agreed, or concurred, with him respecting a thing. (S, K.) The radical signification of واطأ is said to be He trod in the footsteps of another: and the signification of agreement is therefore figurative. (MF.) b2: فُلَانٌ يُوَاطِئُ اسْمُهُ اسْمِى (tropical:) [Such a one's name agrees, or is the same, with mine]. (S.) b3: لِيُوَاطِئُوا عِدَّةَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللّٰه (tropical:) [That they may agree in the number of (the mouths) which God hath made sacred: Kur, ix. 37]. (S.) b4: أَشَدُّ وِطَآءٌ, as some read, [in the Kur, lxxiii. 6,] signifies (tropical:) More, or most, suitable; (S;) [i. e., prayer, and the recitation of the Kur-án]: but some read وَطْأً, in the sense of قِيَامًا: see نَاشِئَةٌ. (S, L.) See 4.4 اوطأهُ غَيْرَهُ He made another to tread, or trample, upon him. (TA.) b2: اوطأه فَرَسَهُ He made his horse to tread, or trample, upon him. (K, TA.) b3: اوطأهُ الأرضَ He made him to tread upon the ground. (Msb.) b4: أَوْطَؤُوهُمْ (assumed tropical:) They overcame them, or prevailed over them, in a contention, or dispute. (TA.) b5: In a trad. it is said, that the pastors of the camels, and the shepherds, boasted, one party over the other, and the former overcame the latter (اوطؤوهم). (TA.) The verb is used in this sense because it originally signifies, with the annexed pronoun, they made (others) to tread, or trample, upon them: (K, TA:) for him with whom you wrestle or fight, and whom you throw down, you trample upon, and make to be trampled upon by others. (TA.) b6: اوطأهُ العَشْوَةَ, (K,) and عَشْوَةً, (S, K,) He made him to pursue a course without being rightly directed. (K *, TA.) See art. عشو. b7: اوطأ فِى الشِّعْرِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِيطّآءٌ; (TA;) and اوطأ الشِّعْرَ, and فِيهِ ↓ واطأ, and ↓ وطّأهُ, and أَطَّأَهُ, and آطَأَهُ, (K,) in which last the و is changed into ا; (TA;) He repeated a rhyme in a poem, (S, K,) using the same word in the same sense: (Akh, K:) when the word is the same, but the meaning different, the repetition is not called ايطاء [but جِنَاسٌ تَامٌّ]. (TA.) This repetition (ايطاء) is deemed by Arabs a fault: or it is only deemed a fault if it occur two, or three, or more, times. (TA.) 5 تَوَطَّاَ See 1, 2, 3. b2: تَوَطَّيْتُ for تَوَطَّأْتُ is incorrect. (S.) b3: توطّأ He, or it, was, or became, prepared. (K.) [See also 8.]6 تَوَاطَؤُوا (assumed tropical:) They agreed together. (S.) b2: تواطؤوا عَلَيه (assumed tropical:) They agreed together, or concurred, respecting it. (TA.) [See 3.]8 إِتَّطَأَ It was prepared, and became plain, smooth, or soft. (K.) [See also 5.] b2: إِتَّطَأَ العِشَآءُ (in a trad.) The evening became completely dark: [or the period of nightfall fully came:] also read إِيتَطَى, accord. to the dial. of the tribe of Keys, and explained as signifying the period of nightfall came. The latter verb also signifies “ concurrence, or concord, and agreement, with another. ” (TA.) b3: إِيتَطَأَ الشَّهْرُ [About half the month has elapsed]. This is said a day before the half, and a day after the half. (Az.) b4: إِتَّطَأَ, (as in the CK,) or إِيتَطَأَ, (as in a MS. copy of the K,) measure إِفْتَعَلَ [in the TA written إِسْتَطَأَ, which is doubtless a mistake,] It was right, and attained its full period; was perfect, or complete. (K.) 10 استوطأ He found, or deemed, a thing plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (K, TA.) b2: He found, or deemed, the thing on which he rode smooth, soft, or easy to ride upon. (S.) وَطْءٌ and ↓ وَطَآءٌ and ↓ مِيطَأٌ (measure مِفْعَلٌ, as shown in the TA; but in the CK, ميطَآءٌ;) Depressed land, or low ground, between eminences نِشَاز [in the CK نَشاز] and أَشْرَاف [in the CK إِشْراف]): (K:) نشاز, is pl. of نَشَزٌ, and اشراف is pl. of شَرَفٌ; and both signify “ eminences. ” (TA.) طَأَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

طِئَةٌ and ↓ طَأَةٌ (in both of which the final ة is a substitute for the incipient و, S) and ↓ وَطَآءَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ وُطُوءَةٌ (K) Plainness, levelness, smoothness, softness, or state of being easy to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) وَطْأَةٌ [A tread, or a treading. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) A pressure; oppression; affliction; violence: (S, K:) or a vehement assault, or punishment; syn. أَخْذَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ: (K:) also, a hostile expedition or engagement; battle, fight, or slaughter. (TA.) b3: اللّٰهُمَّ اشْدُدْ وَطْأَتَكَ عَلَى مُضَرَ, in a trad., O God, make thy punishment of Mudar severe. (S, TA.) b4: وَطِئَنَا العَدُوُّ وَطْأَةً شَدِيدً (tropical:) [The enemy assaulted, or punished, us with a very vehement assault, or punishment]. (TA.) آخِرُ وَطْأَةٍ وَطِئَهَا اللّٰهُ بِوَجٍّ, in a trad., (tropical:) The last assault, or conflict, which God caused to befall (the unbelievers was) in Wejj [a valley of Et-Táïf]. (TA.) b5: وَطْأَةٌ and ↓ مَوْطَأٌ (K) and ↓ مَوْطِئٌ (S, K) A place on which the sole of the foot is placed; a footstep, or footprint. (S, K.) وَطَآءٌ: see وِطَآءٌ, and وَطْءٌ.

وِطَآءٌ (S, K) and ↓ وَطَآءٌ, (K,) the former is the word commonly known and approved; the latter disapproved by many; (TA;) The contr. of غِطَآءٌ (a covering); [what is placed, or spread, beneath one, to sit or lie upon]: (S, K:) pl. اوْطِئَةٌ. (TA, in art. خور.) وَطِىْءٌ Plain, level, smooth, soft, or easy to be travelled, or to walk or ride or lie upon. (S, K, TA.) b2: دَابَّةٌ وَطِىْءٌ (IAar) A beast easy to ride upon. (TA.) b3: عَيْشٌ وَطِىْءٌ [An easy life]. (TA.) b4: وَطِىْءُ الخُلُقِ Easy in nature, or dispositon. (TA.) وَطَآءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

وُطُوْءَةٌ: see طِئَةٌ.

وَطِيْئَةٌ A certain kind of food, (S,) i. q. حَيْسَةٌ: (IAar:) or dates of which the stones are taken out, and which are kneaded with milk: or what is called أَقِط, with sugar: (K:) or a food of the Arabs, prepared with dates, which are put into a stone cooking-pot; then water is poured upon them, and clarified butter if there be any; (but no اقط is mixed up with them;) and then it is drunk, like حيسة: (T:) or it is like جَيْس; dates and اقط kneaded together with clarified butter: (ISh:) or a certain kind of food, also called وَطِىْءٌ; a thin عَصِيدَة: when it is thickened, it is called نَفِيتَة; when a little more thick, نَفِيثَة; when a little thicker, لَفِيتَة; and when so thick that it may be chewed, عصيدة. (El-Muffaddal.) b2: Also, (as some say, TA,) A thing like [the kind of sack called] a غِرَارَة: (S:) or a غرارة containing dried meat (قَدِيد) and كَعْك (K) and other things: (TA:) b3: أَخْرِجْ إِلَيْنَا ثَلَاثَ أُكَلٍ

مِنْ وطيئةٍ Take forth and give us three cakes of bread from a غرارة. (S, TA, from a trad.) b4: [See also وَاطِئَة and مُوَطَّأٌ.]

وَاطِئَةٌ Fallen dates. (K.) An act. part. n. in the sense of a pass.: (K:) [such dates being so called] because they are trodden under foot. (TA.) Or [it is changed] from وَطَايَا, pl. of وَطِيْئَةٌ, [which is] from وَطَأَ; [and such dates are] so called because their owner has despised them, or trampled upon them, (ذللّها,) and spread them about, for those who may take them; wherefore they are not included in the conjectural estimate of the produce of the tree [made by the collector of the legal alms]. (TA.) b2: وَطَأَةٌ (K) [pl. of واطِئٌ] and واطِئَةٌ (S, K) Travellers; wayfarers: (S, K:) so called from their treading the road. (S.) لَا يُتَوَضَّأُ مِنْ مَوْطَإٍ One is not to perform وضوء (i. e., to repeat it,) on account of treading on filth in the road: but this does not mean that one is not to wash off the filth. (TA, from a trad.) b2: See وَطْأَةٌ.

مَوْطِئٌ: see وَطْأَةٌ.

مِيطَأٌ: see وَطْءٌ.

آثَارٌ مَوْطُوْءَةٌ (in a trad. respecting destiny) Tracks trodden [as it were] by past predestined events, good and evil. (TA, from a trad.) مُوَطَّأُ الأَكْنَافِ, (K,) and الاكناف ↓ وَطِىْءُ, (TA,) A man of easy nature, or disposition, generous, and very hospitable: or one in whose vicinity his companion is possessed of power, authority, or dignity; not harmed, nor inconveniently situated. (K.) b2: اللّٰهُمَّ اجْعَلْهُ مُوَطَّأَ العَقِبِ (assumed tropical:) O God, make him to be (a Sultán, followed by many dependants, and) one whose heels shall be trod upon: (K *, TA:) an imprecation, occurring in a trad. respecting a man who had been secretly informed against to 'Omar, who said this with reference to the informer if a liar. (TA.)

شهر

1 شَهَرَهُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. شَهْرٌ and شُهْرَةٌ; (S;) and ↓ شهّرهُ, (S, A, O, K,) inf. n. تَشْهِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ اشتهرهُ; (S, K;) He made it apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: (S, O, MF:) or [it generally means] he made it apparent, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; he exposed it as such; or rendered it notorious in a bad sense, or infamous. (A, K.) You say, شَهَرْتُ الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. as above, I divulged the story, or discourse. (Msb.) And ↓ لِفُلَانٍ فَضِيلَةٌ اشْتَهَرَهَا النَّاسُ [Such a one has an excellent quality which the people have made commonly known]. (S.) And شَهَرْتُهُ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ I rendered him conspicuous [or notorious or celebrated or renowned] among the people. (Msb.) And شَهَرْتُ زَيْدًا بِكَذَا and ↓ شهّرته [I rendered Zeyd conspicuous, notorious, celebrated, or renowned, for such a thing]; (Mgh, * Msb;) [but] the latter has an intensive signification: ↓ أَشْهَرْتُهُ, with ا, in the sense of شَهَرْتُهُ, has not been transmitted: (Msb:) or is not of established authority. (Mgh.) One says also, شُهِرَ بِكَذَا, and ↓ اِشْتَهَرَ, [generally, but not always, in a bad sense, meaning] He was rendered, or became, notorious, or infamous, for such a thing: (A:) the latter verb being intrans. as well as trans. (TA.) And [hence one says,] ↓ اِشْتَهَرْتُ فُلَانًا meaning (tropical:) I held such a one in light, or little, estimation, or in contempt, and exposed his vices, faults, or evil qualities or actions. (A.) b2: And شَهَرَ سَيْفَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَهْرٌ, (S, Msb,) He drew his sword (S, Msb, TA) from its scabbard: (TA:) or he drew his sword and raised it over the people; (A, K;) as also ↓ شهّرهُ. (K.) 2 شَهَّرَ see above, in three places. [In modern Arabic, شهّر often signifies He paraded an offender as a public example; and it occurs in this sense in the S and TA in art. بلس, &c.: the offender, in this case, is generally mounted upon an ass or a camel, and often with his face towards the animal's tail.]3 شاهرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَاهَرَةٌ (S, K) and شِهَارٌ, (K,) He hired him, or took him as a hired man or hireling, for [or by] the month: (Lh, K:) or he made an engagement, or a contract, with him for work or the like, by the month, or month by month: (TA:) المُشَاهَرَةُ from الشَّهْرُ is like المُعَاوَمَةُ from العَامُ. (S, TA.) 4 أَشْهَرَ see 1.

A2: أَشْهَرْنَا, (S, Msb, * K,) inf. n. إِشْهَارٌ, (Msb,) A month passed (lit. came) over us. (S, Msb, * K.) And اشهر الصَّبِىُّ [The child became a month old; or] a month passed (lit. came) over the child: similar to أَحْوَلَ, (A,) or to أَحَالَ. (Msb.) And اشهرت الدَّارُ The house became altered, or changed, and months passed over it. (TA in art. حول.) b2: Also We remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, a month in a place. (ISk, S.) b3: And We entered upon the month, i. e., the lunar month. (Th, S.) b4: And اشهرت She (a woman) entered upon the month of her bringing forth. (Msb, K.) 8 اشتهر It was, or became, apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: (S:) or [it generally means] it was, or became, apparent, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; it was, or became, exposed as such, or rendered notorious in a bad sense or infamous. (A, K.) It (a story, or discourse,) became divulged, or public. (Msb.) اشتهر بِكَذَا: see 1.

A2: As a trans. verb: see 1 in three places.

شَهْرٌ The new moon, when it appears: (IF, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) so called because of its conspicuousness. (Mgh, Msb.) This is the original signification. (Mgh.) [See the last sentence of this paragraph.] You say, رَأَيْتُ الشَّهْرَ, meaning I saw the new moon of the month. (Mgh.) Hence it is said in a trad., صُومُوا الشَّهْرَ, meaning Fast ye the first day of the lunar month. (Lh, TA.) And hence the trad., إِنَّمَا الشَّهْرُ تِسْعٌ وَعِشْرُونَ, meaning The utility of watching for the new moon is on the nine and twentieth night. (L, TA.) [Or the meaning is, that the lunar month is a period of nine and twenty nights.] b2: Also The moon: or the moon when conspicuous, and near to being full. (K.) b3: And [A lunar month;] a certain well-known number of days: so called because made manifest by the moon: (ISd, K:) an arabicized word; or, as some say, Arabic; (Msb;) and so called because of its being manifest: (Msb, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْهُرٌ (Msb, K) and [of mult.] شُهُورٌ. (S, Msb, K.) The following are the modern names of the months: 1. المُحَرَّمُ [to which the epithet الحَرَامُ is often added]: 2. صَفَرٌ [to which the epithet الخَيْرُ is often added]: 3. رَبِيعٌ الأَوَّلُ 4. رَبِيعٌ الآخِرُ [or الثَّانِى] 5. جُمَادَى الأُولَى 6. جُمَادَى الآخِرَةُ [or الثَّانِيَةُ] 7. رَجَبٌ [to which is often added the epithet الأَصَمُّ, and that of الفَرْدُ] 8. شَعْبَانُ [to which we often find the epithet المُعَظَّمُ added, and sometimes that of الشَّرِيفُ] 9. رَمَضَانُ [to which the epithet المُبَارَكُ is appropriated]: 10. شَوَّالٌ [to which the epithet المُكَرَّمُ is frequently added]: 11. ذُو القَعْدَةِ: and 12. ذُو الحِجَّةِ: [see the second of the two tables in p. 1254:] and the following are the names by which they were called by the tribe of 'Ád, agreeably with the foregoing numeration: 1. مُؤْتَمِرٌ: 2. نَاجِرٌ: 3. خَوَّانٌ: 4. بُصَّانٌ [q. v.]: 5. رُبَّى: 6. حَنِينٌ: 7. الأَصَمُّ: 8. عَاذِلٌ: 9. نَاتِقٌ: 10. وَعْلٌ: 11. وَرْنَةُ: and 12. بُرَكٌ [or بُرَكُ?]. (Ibn-El-Kelbee, in TA, voce مُؤْتَمِرٌ. [But authors differ respecting some of these names, as will be seen in other articles.]) أَشْهُرٌ مَعْلُومَاتٌ, said, in the Kur [ii. 193], to be the period of the pilgrimage, for by الحَجُّ, which immediately precedes, is meant وَقْتُ الحَجِّ, (Mgh, Msb,) or زَمَانُ الحَجِّ, (Msb,) applies to Showwál and Dhul-Kaadeh and ten days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (Mgh, Msb,) accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh (Mgh) and most of the learned, part of Dhu-l-Hijjeh being called a month tropically, as is often done by the Arabs in similar cases, relating to time; for ex. when they say, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ يَوْمَــانِ, the period of separation having been a day and a part of a day: (Msb:) or [and] nine days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh with the night preceding the day of the sacrifice, accord. to Esh-Sháfi'ee: (Mgh:) or [and] all Dhu-l-Hijjeh, accord. to Málik: (Mgh, Msb:) [in these two explanations the two months next preceding being meant to be included:] or Showwál and Dhu-l- Kaadeh and Dhu-l-Hijjeh and Moharram, accord. to Aboo-'Amr Esh-Shaabee. (Msb.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) A learned man: (O, K:) [because of his celebrity:] pl. شُهُورٌ. (O, TA.) b5: [And accord. to the K, it signifies also The like of a nail-paring: but this is app. a mistake, perhaps originating from a mutilated transcript of what here follows:] a poet says, describing camels, أَبْدَأْنَ مِنْ نَجْدٍ عَلَى ثِقَةٍ وَالشَّهْرُ مِثْلُ قُلَامَةِ الظُّفْرِ [They went forth from Nejd in a state of confidence, the new moon being like the nail-paring]. (O.) شُهْرَةٌ a subst. from الاِشْتِهَارُ, (Mgh,) signifying The appearance, conspicuousness, manifestness, notoriousness, notableness, or publicity, of a thing: (S, O, Msb:) or [generally] its appearance, &c., as bad, evil, abominable, foul, or unseemly; its notoriousness in a bad sense, or infamousness. (A, K.) b2: Any evil thing that exposes its author to disgrace; any disgraceful, or shameful, thing; a vice, or fault, or the like. (IAar, O, TA.) b3: A dress of the most excellent or superb kind; and one of the vilest or meanest kind: both of which are forbidden. (Mgh.) b4: [It is also used in the sense of مَشْهُورٌ.] One says, جَعَلَهُ شُهْرَةً (tropical:) [He rendered him notorious, either in a bad or in a good sense]. (A.) And صَارَ شُهْرَةً, (K in art. دول,) i. e. مَشْهُورًا (assumed tropical:) [He became notorious, &c.]; said of a man. (TK in that art.) بِرْذَوْنٌ شِهْرِىٌّ A برذون [or hackney] between the رَمَكَة [or mare of mean breed] and the horse of generous breed: one says, لَمْ يَرْكَبِ الشِّهْرِيَّةَ and الشَّهَارِىَ [He did not ride hackneys of the sort above mentioned]: (A:) or شِهْرِيَّةٌ signifies بَرَاذِين [or hackneys]; and its pl. is شَهَارٍ: (Mgh:) or a sort of بَرَاذِين [or hackneys]; (Lth, O, K;) a horse of which the dam is Arabian but not the sire. (Lth, O.) شَهِيرٌ: see مَشْهُورٌ. b2: شَهِيرَةٌ A woman, and a she-ass, broad (O, K) and bulky. (O.) أَشْهَرُ More, and most, apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, &c.; better, and best, known. b2: Hence, الأَشْهَرَانِ The drum and the banner. (Gol., from Meyd.)]

أَشَاهِرُ [in the CK اَشاهِيرُ] The whiteness of the narcissus. (K, TA.) مُشْهِرٌ A child a month old. (O, TA.) مُشَهَّرٌ: see the following paragraph.

مَشْهُورٌ Of known place or station; (K;) well known; well spoken of; celebrated; held in repute; reputable; notable; eminent; (O, K, TA;) applied to a man; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شَهِيرٌ, (O, K, TA,) and [in an intensive sense] ↓ مُشَهَّرٌ. (TA.) [And Anything apparent, conspicuous, manifest, notorious, notable, commonly known, or public: lit. rendered apparent &c. Applied to a word or phrase or meaning, Commonly known or obtaining or received; well known; or held in repute. Hence عَلَى المَشْهُورِ According to common, or well-known, usage; or according to common repute.]

نعم

1 نَعِمَ عَيْشُهُ His life was, or became, plentiful and easy: (Msb:) was, or became, good, or pleasant. (Mgh.) See عَوْفٌ. b2: نَعِمَ, aor. نَعُمَ

, is like فَضِلَ, aor. نَعُمَ

, and حَضِرَ, aor نَعُمَ

. See the latter. b3: اِنْعِمْ ضَبَاحًا, and عِمْ صَباحًا: see تَرِبَ and صَبَاحٌ. b4: نَعُمَ, inf. n. نُعُومَةٌ; (S, Msb;) and نَعِمَ; (S;) It was, or became, soft, or tender, (S, Msb,) to the feet. (Msb.) 2 نَعَّمَهُ , (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ نَاعَمَهُ, (S, K,) He (God, S, Msb,) made him to enjoy, or lead, a plentiful, and a pleasant or an easy, and a soft, or delicate, state, or life; a state, or life, of ease and plenty. (S, Msb, K.) b2: نَعَّمَهُ He nourished well him, or it; pampered him.3 نَاْعَمَ see 2.4 أَنْعَمَ عَلَيْهِ بِشَىْءِ He conferred, or bestowed, upon him a thing as a favour. See أَحْسَنَ. b2: أَنْعَمَ عَجْنَهُ He kneaded it well, thoroughly, or soundly. (TA, voce رَيْعٌ.) b3: أَنْعَمَ الدَّقَّ He bruised or powdered finely: see دَقَّقَ. b4: أَنْعَمَ طَبْخَهُ He cooked it well; syn. أَجَادَ طَبْخَهُ. (IbrD.) The verb is often used in this sense. b5: أَنْعَمَ اللّٰهُ بِكَ عَيْنًا: see أَبْغَضَ.5 تَنَعَّمَ he enjoyed, or led, an easy, a pleasant, a soft, or a delicate, life, with ampleness of the means of subsistence; a life of ease and plenty. (K.) b2: تَنَعَّمَ It (a tree) became flourishing and fresh, (TK, art. روى, &c.,) luxuriant, succulent, sappy, soft, tender, and supple. See رَوِىَ. b3: تَنَعَّمَ i. q. تَمَتَّعَ. (Msb. *) نُعْمٌ contr. of بُؤْسٌ, (S,) [like ↓ نَعْمَآءُ and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَةٌ and ↓ نَعِيمٌ:] pl. أَنْعُمٌ. (S.) See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعَمْ Even so; yes; yea. (Msb, &c.) See أَجَلْ and بَجَلْ.

نَعَمٌ Pasturing مَال [or cattle]; mostly applied to camels, and neat, and sheep and goats: or applied to all these, and to camels when alone, but neat and sheep or goats when alone are not thus termed; (Msb;) therefore, cattle, consisting of camels or neat or sheep or goats, or all these, or camels alone.

نِعْمَ الرَّجُلُ زَيْدٌ Excellent, or most excellent, or excellent above all, is the man, Zeyd; or [very or] superlatively good, &c. (Msb.) b2: See بئْسَ.

نَعْمَةٌ subst. of تَنَعُّمٌ (Msb, K) in the sense of تَرَفُّةٌ subst. of تَمَتُّعْ (Msb:) or i. q. b2: تَنَعُّمٌ: (S: in F's smaller copy, تَنَعِيمٌ, an evident mistake:) i. e. plentifulness, and pleasantness or easiness, and softness or delicacy, of life: ease and plenty. b3: نَعْمَةٌ A living in [or rather enjoyment of a life of] softness, daintiness, or delicacy, and ease, comfort, or affluence: (KL:) i. q. ↓ نَعِيمٌ; (Msb;) and مُتْعَةٌ: (Jel in xliv. 26:) it is from التَّنَعُّمُ; and ↓ نِعْمَةٌ is from الإِنْعَامُ. (Ksh, cited in Kull, p. 364.) See نِعْمَةٌ: and see تُرْفَةٌ. b4: نَعْمَةُ الشَّباَبِ [The flourishing freshness, softness, tenderness, or blooming loveliness or graces, of youth. See عَبْعَبٌ.] b5: نَعْمَةٌ Softness; tenderness; bloom; or flourishing freshness (IbrD;) of a branch; and of youth, or youthfulness. (M, art. ملد; &c.) نِعْمَةٌ and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ A benefit; benefaction; favour; boon; or good: (S, Msb:) a blessing; [bounty; gratuity;] or what God bestows upon one: and so ↓ نَعِيمٌ: (S:) [grace of God:] and ↓ نَعِيمٌ and ↓ نَعْمَةٌ, with fet-h, [and ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ and ↓ نُعْمٌ, ease and plenty,] enjoyment; (Msb;) [welfare; well being; weal:] ↓ نُعْمَى and ↓ نَعْمَآءُ are the contr. of بُؤْسَى and بَأْسَآءُ: (TA, art. بأس:) بَعْدَ ضَرَّآءَ ↓ نَعْمَآءُ, in the Kur [xi. 13,] is like health after sickness; and richness, or competence, after want. (Bd.) b2: نِعْمَةٌ A blessing; (S;) a cause of happiness. (K.) A favour: a benefit; and the like. (S.) b3: نِعْمَةٌ Wealth, or property. (K.) The first explanations given to it above are assigned in the K, not to this word, but to ↓ نَعِيمٌ and ↓ نُعْمَى. b4: نِعْمَةٌ with the article seems generally to signify Wealth: and without the article, A benefit, benefaction, favour, boon, or blessing.

نُعْمَةٌ The act of rejoicing by a thing: and the state of rejoicing in a thing. (KL.) نُعْمَى contr. of بُؤْسَى; (S, TA in art. بأس;) and نَعْمَآءُ contr. of بَأَسَآءُ. (TA in that art.) b2: See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعْمَآءُ : see نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعِيمٌ Enjoyment; [delight; pleasure;] as also ↓ نَعْمَةٌ, q. v.: (Msb:) plenty and ease. (K.) See نِعْمَةٌ.

نَعَامَةٌ The blackness of night. (S in art. سقط.) see an ex. voce سقْطٌ. b2: نَعَامَةٌ The ostrich: it sometimes denotes the female. See مَخْزُومٌ and جَراَدٌ. b3: شاَلَتْ نَعَامَتُهُمْ: see طَائِرٌ, زَأْلٌ, شَالَ, and a verse voce إِمَّا. b4: اِبْنُ النَّعَامَةِ The shank-bone: and a certain vein in the leg: and the middle, or beaten track, of the road: and the brisk, lively, or sprightly, horse: and the drawer of water (السَّانِى) who is at the head of the well. (T in art. بنى.) b5: نَعَامَةٌ and نَعَامَتَانِ of a well see زُرْنُوقٌ. b6: النَّعَائِمُ Nine stars [of Sagittarius], behind الشَّوْلَةُ, four in the Milky Way, [b, g, d, and ε,] called النعائمُ الوَارِدَةُ, as though drinking; and four without the Milky Way β, γ, δ, ε,, [c, s, t, and f,] called النعائمُ الصَّادِرَةُ, as though returning from drinking; and the ninth, λ,] [not mentioned by some,] high between them: each of the two fours forming the corners of a quadrilateral figure. The twentieth Mansion of the Moon. (El-Kazweenee.) عَيْشٌ نَاعِمٌ [A plentiful and easy life. See نَعِمَ عَيْشُهُ.] A pleasant life. (Mgh.) [A soft, or delicate, life.] b2: نَاعِمٌ Soft, or tender: applied to a plant or tree: (Mgh:) [smooth; sleek. And i. q. مُتَنِّعَمٌ.]

مُنَعَّلٌ , applied to a horse, white on the forelegs: see أَقْفَزُ.

أَنَاعِيمُ , pl. pl. of نَعَمٌ: see a verse cited voce دَانَى.

جفر

1 جَفَرَ He, or it, became wide: (K:) or became inflated, or swollen. (A.) And جَفَرَ جَنْبَاهُ His (a kid's, S and Msb, or lamb's, Msb) sides became widened, or distended: (S, Msb:) and جَنْبَاهُ ↓ اجفر [and ↓ انجفر (K in art. هضم)] his (a horse's) sides became inflated, or swollen. (A.) b2: He (a lamb, K, and a kid, TA) became what is termed جَفْرٌ; as also ↓ تجفّر and ↓ استجفر: (K:) and ↓ تجفّرت and ↓ استجفرت she (a kid) became a جَفْرَة. (ISh, TA.) And He (a boy) became what is termed جَفْرٌ; as also ↓ تجفّر (TA) and ↓ استجفر: (A:) and this last verb, he became large in the sides. (L.) A2: جَفَرَ (S, A) عَنِ الضِّرَابِ, (S,) or عَنِ الإِبِلِ, (A,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. جُفُورٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ اجتفر; and ↓ اجفر, inf. n. إِجْفَارٌ; and ↓ جفّر, inf. n. تَجْفِيرٌ; (K;) He (a stallioncamel) ceased, (S, K,) or abstained, (A,) from covering, (S, A, K,) and avoided it; having indulged in it so much that he was wearied; (S;) and his seminal fluid became little: (TA:) you say of a ram, رَبَضَ, (S, A,) not جَفَرَ. (S.) and جَفَرَ عَنِ المَرْأَةِ, (IAar, TA,) and عَنْهَا ↓ اجفر, (IAar, K,) and ↓ اجتفر, and ↓ جفّر, (IAar, TA,) He (a man) abstained from the woman; (K;) he abstained from sexual intercourse with her. (IAar, TA.) b2: جَفَرَ مِنَ المَرَضِ He recovered from the disease. (K, TA.) 2 جَفَّرَ see 1, in two places.

A2: جفّرهُ الأَمْرُ عَنْهُ The thing, or affair, cut him off from him, or it. (IAar, L.) 4 أَجْفَرَ see 1, in three places.

A2: اجفر also signifies He cut, abandoned, or forsook, (S, K,) another, (S,) or his companion, or friend, (K,) and left off visiting him. (S, K.) And أَجْفَرْتُ مَا كُنْتُ فِيهِ I left, or relinquished, that in which I was occupied. (S.) A3: Also It (a thing, TA) was, or became, absent, or hidden, or concealed, (K, TA,) from one. (TA.) 5 تَجَفَّرَ see 1, in three places.7 إِنْجَفَرَ see 1.8 إِجْتَفَرَ see 1, in two places.10 إِسْتَجْفَرَ see 1, in three places.

جَفْرٌ A lamb, or kid, whose sides have become widened, or distended: (Msb:) or a lamb, (IAmb, Msb, K,) and a kid, (K, * TA,) that has become large, and begun to pasture, (K, TA,) and whose sides have become widened, or distended: (TA:) or a lamb, (K,) or a kid, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, * TA,) that is four months old, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and whose sides have become widened, and that is weaned, (A'Obeyd, S,) and has taken to pasture: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or this is sometimes four months, and sometimes five months, after the birth: or a young lamb, and a kid, after it has been weaned, when six months old: (IAar, TA:) pl. [of pauc.]

أَجْفَارٌ (K) and [of mult.] جِفَارٌ (Msb, K) and جَفَرَةٌ: (K) fem. with ة: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) or جَفْرَةٌ signifies a female kid that has become satiated with leguminous herbs and with shrubs, and is independent of its mother: (ISh, TA:) IAmb applies it to a female lamb and a female kid; and this is correct, though some say that it is applied to the latter only. (TA.) b2: A boy when his belly has become widened, (A,) or when his flesh has become swollen out, (K,) and he has begun to eat: (A, K:) fem. with ة (K.) [See شَادِخٌ; and see also مُطَبِّخٌ.]

A2: A well, (Msb, K,) or a wide well, (S, A,) not cased, or walled round, within; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ جَفْرَةٌ: (R, TA:) or, of which a portion is cased, or walled round, within, (K, TA,) and a portion is not: (TA:) the former of the masc. gender: pl. جِفَارٌ. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] فُلَانٌ مُنْهَدِمُ الجَفْرِ (A, K *) [Such a one's well is in a state of demolition; meaning,] such a one has no judgment: (A:) or has no intelligence. (K.) And إِنَّ جَفْرَكَ عَلَىَّ لَهَارٍ

[Verily thy well is falling in upon me; meaning] thy mischief is coming quickly upon me. (A, TA.) b3: [The pl.] جَفَارٌ also signifies [simply] Wells. (K.) b4: And hence, (TA,) She-camels abounding with milk. (K, TA.) جَفْرَةٌ: see جَفْرٌ.

جُفْرَةٌ A round space in the ground: (S, K:) or a round and wide cavity in the ground: (L:) pl. جِفَارٌ. (S.) b2: Hence, (S,) The belly, or interior of the body: (S:) or the cavity of the chest: or what comprises the belly [in the TA the chest] and the two sides: (K:) or the place where the ribs curve; and so in a horse &c.: (TA:) the middle of a horse, (S, Msb, K,) and of a camel: and, as some say, the middle, and main part, of anything: and thus, the main part of the sea: (TA:) pl. جُفَرٌ and جِفَارٌ, accord. to the K; but the latter is pl. of جُفْرَةٌ in the sense of "a round cavity." (TA.) b3: Also [the pl.]

جُفَرٌ signifies The holes that are dug in the ground for props. (TA.) جَفِيرٌ A kind of quiver like the كِنَانَة, but wider, (Lth, S, TA,) in which are put many arrows: (Lth, TA:) or a [quiver of the kind called] جَعْبَة [q. v.], of skins, in which is no wood: or of wood, in which are no skins; (K;) or in which is no skin; as in some good lexicons: (TA:) or of skins, and slit in its side, that the wind may enter it, and the feathers in consequence may not be eaten: (TA: [see also جَشِيرٌ:]) or the same as the جعبة and the كنانة: (El-Ahmar, TA:) or a quiver for نَبْل, wide, of wood. (Ham p. 358.) Hence, لَيْسَ فِى جَفِيرِهِ غَيْرُ زَنْدَيْنِ [There is not in his quiver aught save two pieces of wood for producing fire]: a prov. applied to him in whom is no good. (Meyd.) مَجْفَرٌ: see مَجْفَرَةٌ.

مُجْفَرٌ, applied to a horse, (S, Msb, K,) and with ة applied to a she-camel, (S,) Large in the middle: (S, Msb, K:) and مُجْفَرُ الجَنْبَيْنِ a horse inflated, or swollen, in the sides. (A.) مَجْفَرَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ مَجْفَرٌ (Lh, K) An impediment to venery; (Lh, A'Obeyd, S, A, K;) and a cause of diminishing the seminal fluid: (A'Obeyd, TA:) applied to food: (Lh, K:) and such is fasting said to be; (A'Obeyd, S, K;) and the sun, (A, * TA,) i. e., sitting in the sun; and such, also, the sleeping between daybreak and sunrise, or in the first part of the day. (TA.)

عرف

1 عَرَفَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or sense], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) b2: And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. b3: عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) A2: عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) A3: عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. ـِ (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [he acted over us as an عريف during some years,] like كَتَبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) A4: عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) b2: And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) A5: عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) b2: عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) A6: عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.) 2 تَعْرِيفٌ signifies The making to know; syn. إِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it:] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. b2: Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) b3: [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining,” and “ a definition. ” b4: And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. b5: Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) b6: And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) A2: Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) b2: One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) b3: And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) A3: Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) A4: عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.) 4 اعرف فُلَانًا He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) A2: اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also 1, near the end.5 تعرّف It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) b2: And تعرّف إِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَاسْتَعْرِفْ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] b3: [Hence,] one says, تعرّف إِلَى اللّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى

اللّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) A2: تعرّفهُ [He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. b2: And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually:] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) b3: And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) A3: [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers\. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]6 تعارفوا They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) b2: And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.) 8 اعترف بِهِ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الإِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude:] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [any one that will throw me down]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b2: اعترف إِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.]

b3: اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) b4: And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) b5: See also 1, former half.

A2: And see 1, last quarter, in two places.10 استعرف [He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. b2: استعرف إِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) b3: استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) b2: اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) b3: And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) b5: Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane]. (O.) b6: Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) b7: And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [How fragrant is its odour!]. (S, O.) and لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance,] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [kind called] حَمْض, nor of the [kind called] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [kind called] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.) عُرْفٌ [Acknowledgment, or confession;] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الإِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) b2: Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [favour, kindness, or bounty,] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation:] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ

↓ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [and for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ

↓ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat)] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) b3: [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.

See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.]

A2: Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane;] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [They came as though they were a mane], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, came] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The sand-grouse flew] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth] consecutively, like [the several portions of] the عُرْف [or mane] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِالْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing] that is upon the [channels for irrigation that are called] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, K:) so it is said: (S, O:) or the upper parts of the wall: or by عَلَى الأَعْرَافِ may be there meant عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلِ النَّارِ [i. e., app., and possessing knowledge of the people of Paradise and of the people of Hell: for it seems that مُحْتَوُونَ, or the like, is to be understood before على]. (Zj, TA.) [And hence it is the name of The Seventh Chapter of the Kur-án.] By

أَصْحَابُ الأَعْرَافِ [The occupants of the اعراف], there mentioned, are said to be meant persons whose good and evil works have been equal, so that they shall not have merited Paradise by the former nor Hell by the latter: or prophets: or angels. (Zj, TA.) b5: See also عُرْفَةٌ. b6: [The pl.]

أَعْرَافٌ also signifies (tropical:) The higher, or highest, (K, TA,) and first, or foremost, (TA,) of winds; (K, TA;) and likewise of clouds, and of mists. (TA.) b7: And عُرْفٌ signifies also, (As, O, K,) in the speech of the people of El-Bahreyn, (As, O,) A species [or variety] of palm-trees; (As, O, K;) and so [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (O, K) is expl. by IDrd: (O:) or when they first yield fruit, or edible fruit, or ripe fruit; (K, TA;) or when they attain to doing so: (TA:) or a [sort of] palmtree in El-Bahreyn, also called بُرْشُوم; (K, TA;) but this is what is meant by As and IDrd. (TA.) b8: And The tree of the أُتْرُجّ [i. e. citrus medica, or citron]. (K.) A3: Also pl. of عَرُوفٌ: b2: and of أَعْرَفُ and عَرْفَآءُ. (K.) عِرْفٌ, with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى إِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) A2: And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِابْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions!]. (IAar, O, TA.) عُرُفٌ: see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) A2: See also عَرْفٌ.

A3: Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.) عُرْفَةٌ: see عُرْفٌ, latter half. b2: Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) b3: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.) عِرْفَةٌ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) b2: See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ The ninth day of [the month] ذُو الحِجَّة [when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.) عُرْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.) عِرِفَّانٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) A2: Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.) عَرُوفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) b3: [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars.]

A2: See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn. عِرَافَةٌ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.]) عَرُوفَةٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ A كَاهِن [or diviner]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) b2: and (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) b3: And A physician. (S, O, K.) b4: and One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.) عَارِفٌ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs]. (S, O.) b2: For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. b3: It also signifies particularly [Skilled in divine things;] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) b4: See also مَعْرُوفٌ.

A2: Also, the first, [Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [A soul, or mind,] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.) عَارِفَةٌ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [He is none other than one possessing little knowledge]. (TA.) أَعْرَفَ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) A2: Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) b2: The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) b3: and one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.) مَعْرَفٌ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [May God preserve] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances;] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [whereby they are known]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ meansThose who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man;] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ meansThe faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.) مَعْرَفَةٌ The place [or part] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.) مَعْرِفَةٌ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge:] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. b3: [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]

مُعَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.

A2: ] Food rendered fragrant. (TA.) A3: And Food put part upon part [app. so that the uppermost portion resembles a mane or the like (عُرْف)]. (TA.) [Golius, as on the authority of J, and hence Freytag, assign to it a meaning belonging to مُعَرَّقٌ.]

A4: Also The place of halting [of the pilgrims] at عَرَفَات. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a trad. of I'Ab, the phrase بَعْدَ المُعَرَّفِ occurs as meaning After the halting at عَرَفَة [or rather عَرَفَات]. (TA.) مَعْرُوفٌ [Known: and particularly well, or commonly, known]. أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ and ↓ عَارِفٌ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is disapproved by Az, having not been heard by him on any other authority than that of Lth, (O, TA,) [though there are other similar instances well known, (see أَمْرٌ, and دَافِقٌ,)] signify the same [i. e. A known affair or event &c.]; (O, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيفٌ. (Msb, TA,) b2: [Hence, in grammar, The active voice; opposed to مَجْهُولٌ.]

b3: See also عُرْفٌ, former half, in seven places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَعْرُوفَهٌ Land having a fragrant عَرْف [or odour]. (TA.) A3: رَجُلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ A man having a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S.) مُعْتَرِفٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related to have said, اُطْرُدُوا المُعْتَرِفِينَ, meaning [Drive ye away] those who inform against themselves [or confess or acknowledge the commission] of something for which castigation is due to them; as though he disliked their doing so, and desired that people should protect them. (TA.) مُتَعَارَفٌ [applied to language, or a phrase, or word, means Known by common conventional usage]. One says, هُوَ مُتَعَارَفٌ بَيْنَهُمْ It is known [by common conventional usage] among them. (MA. See also عُرْفٌ.])