دجل

1 دَجَلَ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. دَجْلٌ, (T, TA,) He smeared a camel with tar; (K) as also ↓ دجّل: (TA:) or he smeared him over his whole body with tar: (K:) or دَجْلٌ signifies the smearing in the part that is mangy, or scabby, with tar: (T, TA:) and ↓ تَدْجِيلٌ, [inf. n. of دَجَّلَ,] the smearing a camel over his whole body with tar: (T, S:) and the putting the tar upon the مَسَاعِر [or armpits, and inner parts of the roots of the thighs or other similar parts, only,] is termed دَسٌّ. (S.) b2: He lied: [as though meaning he concealed the truth with falsehood: for, accord. to the KL, دَجْلٌ signifies the concealing the truth: (not, as Golius understood the explanation, its being concealed:)] and confounded or perplexed [such as heard him]. (K, TA. [In the CK, اَحْرَقَ is erroneously put for أَخْرَقَ.]) b3: [And app. He enchanted, or fascinated: for]

دَجْلٌ is also syn. with سِحْرٌ. (TA.) b4: He compressed; coivit, or inivit. (As, K.) b5: He tra versed the regions, or tracts, of the earth, or land. (K.) b6: The primary signification of دَجْلٌ is [app. The act of covering; like تَدْجِيلٌ: but it is said to be] the act of mixing, or confusing. (JM.) A2: Accord. to Fr, one says, هُوَ يَدْجُلُ بِالدَّلْوِ and يَدْلُجُ بِهَا [He transfers the bucket from the mouth of the well to the watering-trough, &c.]: the former verb being formed by transposition. (TA.) A3: دَجْلٌ also signifies The having one eye and one eyebrow. (KL.) [See دَجَّالٌ, last sentence.]2 دجّل, (IDrd, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَدْجِيلٌ, (K,) He covered (IDrd, Msb, K,) anything. (IDrd, Msb.) b2: See also 1, in two places. b3: He gilded [a thing]; (K;) he washed over anything with gold. (TA.) b4: It (a river overflowing) covered the land with water. (Mgh.) b5: دجّل أَرْضَهُ, inf. n. as above, He put his land into a right, or proper, state, prepared it, or improved it, with [dung such as is called دَجَال, i. e.] سِرْجِين (TA.) دَجَالٌ [Dung for manuring land, such as is called] سِرْجِين (K.) دُجَالٌ: see دَجَّالٌ دُجَيْلٌ Tar [used for smearing mangy camels]; as also ↓ دُجَالَةٌ. (M, K.) دُجَالَةٌ: see what next precedes.

دُجَّلٌ The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, of mankind, or of people. (K.) دَجَّالٌ [in its primary application app. signifies A person, or thing, that covers anything in any manner; or that does so much, or often. b2: and hence,] A gilder or silverer. (Th, Msb.) b3: And [hence,] A liar: (Msb, TA:) [one who conceals the truth with falsehood: a falsifier: and] one who deceives, deludes, beguiles, circumvents, or outwits, much, or often; very deceitful, &c.; or a great deceiver, &c.: (JM:) pl. دَجَّالُونَ (Msb, TA) and دَجَاجِلَةٌ. (TA.) Hence, in a trad. relating to Aboo-Bekr's demanding Fátimeh in marriage, قَدْ وَعَدْتُهَا لِعَلِىِّ وَلَسْتُ بِدَجَّالٍ, meaning [I have promised her to 'Alee, and I am not] a liar. (TA.) b4: And i. q. ↓ دَجَّالَةٌ, (S,) which signifies A great company of men journeying together, (S, K, TA,) covering the ground by their multitude: or a company of men journeying together, carrying goods for traffic. (TA) b5: Also, (thus correctly written, but in [some copies of] the K, and by Sgh, written ↓ دُجَالٌ, like غُرَابٌ, TA,) Gold: or gold-wash for gilding. (K, TA.) b6: And The diversified wavy marks, or streaks, or grain, (فِرِنْد) of a sword. (K.) b7: الدَّجَّالُ, (S, Msb, K,) i. e. المَسِيحُ الكَذَّابُ [The False Christ, or Antichrist], (S, K, *) said to be a certain man of the Jews, who is to come forth in the last days of our people, (TA,) is so called from دَجَلَ, because he will cover the earth [with his adherents] (K, TA,) like as the tar covers the body [of the mangy camel]: (TA:) or because of his lying, (K, * TA,) in arrogating to himself godship: (TA:) or because he will traverse most of the regions of the earth: (Abu-l-'Abbás, K, * TA:) or from دَجَّلَ, “he covered,” (K,) because he will cover mankind with his infidelity; (TA;) or because he will cover the earth with the multitude of his forces; (Msb, TA;) or because he will cover the truth with falsehood: (TA:) or from the same verb signifying “ he gilded; ”

because he will involve men in confusion, or doubt, by falsehood, (K, * TA,) or will deceive them, or will manifest the contrary of what he conceives or conceals: (TA:) or from دَجَّالٌ signifying “ gold,” or “ gold-wash for gilding; ”

because treasures will follow him wherever he goes: (K, * TA:) or from the same word as signifying the “ فِرِنْد of a sword: ” or from دَجَّالَةٌ explained above: or from دَجَالٌ; because he will defile the ground: or from دَجُّلَ النَّاسُ. (K.) [Accord. to one trad., he will have but one eye and one eyebrow: and hence, app., it is said that]

b8: دَجَّالٌ also signifies Having one eye and one eyebrow. (KL.) دَجَّالَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

بَيْنَهُمْ دَوْجَلَةٌ Among them are narrations from one to another and differing people. (TA.) مُدَجَّلٌ A camel smeared [or smeared all over (see 1)] with tar. (S.) b2: And A sword [&c.] gilt. (Msb.)

جرز

1 جَرَزَهُ, (S, K, * TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. جَرْزٌ, (S, Mgh, TA,) He cut it; or cut it off. (S, K, Mgh, TA.) You say also, جُرِزَتِ الأَرْضُ, meaning, The land had its herbage cut, or cut off: (A:) or became without herbage; its herbage having been consumed by the locusts or the sheep or goats or the camels or the like: (Fr, TA:) and جَرِزَتِ الأَرْضُ, aor. ـَ signifies [the same, or] the land became what is termed جُرُز; as also ↓ أَجْرَزَت. (TA.) b2: It (time, or fortune, الزَّمَانُ,) destroyed, exterminated, or extirpated, him or it. (A, TA.) b3: Also, (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He slew him. (K, * TA.) A2: Also جَرَزَ (K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He ate quickly. (K, * TA.) b2: And جَرُزَ, (K,) inf. n. جَرَازَةٌ, (TA,) He ate much; was a great eater; (K, TA;) not leaving anything upon the table: (TA:) or (K and TA, but in the CK “ and ”) he ate quickly; was a quick eater. (K, TA.) 4 اجرزت الأَرْضُ: see 1. b2: اجرز القَوْمُ, from أَرْضٌ جُرُزٌ, (S,) is a phrase similar to جُرُز, (S, TA,) and signifies The people journeyed in a land such as is termed جُرُز: (TA in art. يبس:) also (TA) they were, or became, afflicted with dearth, scarcity, drought, sterility, or barrenness. (K, TA.) b3: [And hence, app.,] اجرزت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel became lean, or emaciated. (K.) جَرْزٌ: see جُرُزٌ; the former, in two places.

جُرْزٌ: see جُرُزٌ; the former, in two places.

جَرَزٌ: see جُرُزٌ. b2: Also سَنَةٌ جَرَزٌ A year of dearth, scarcity, drought, or sterility: (S, * K, * TA:) pl. أَجْرَازٌ. (S, TA.) أَرْضٌ جُرُزٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and ↓ جُرْزٌ, and ↓ جَرَزٌ, and ↓ جَرْزٌ, (S, K,) and ↓ مَجْرُوزَةٌ, (K,) Land in which is no herbage; (Fr, S, Mgh;) as though the herbage or the rain were cut off from it: (S:) or from which the water is cut off, so that it is dried up and without herbage: (Msb, in explanation of the first:) or dried up, producing no herbage: (Jel in xviii. 7, in explanation of the first:) or of which the herbage has been cut: (Bd ibid., in explanation of the first; and A in explanation of the last:) or that produces no herbage: (K:) or of which the herbage has been eaten: (K: or this is the signification of the last [only] according to the S:) or not rained upon: (K:) or, accord. to some of the expositions of the Kur, by the first is meant the land of El-Yemen: and by the second, accord. to El-'Otbee, [land] that takes, or receives, much water, and does not dry it up: and as to ↓ جَرْزٌ, it may be an inf. n. used as an epithet, as though meaning ذَاتُ جَرْزٍ, i. e., of which the herbage has been eaten: also ↓ أَرْضٌ مَجْرُوزَةٌ is explained as signifying land of which the herbage has been consumed by the locusts or the sheep or goats or the camels or the like: (TA:) and ↓ مَفَازَةٌ مِجْرَازٌ a barren desert: (A, * K:) [see also جَارِزٌ:] the pl. of جُرْزٌ is جِرَزَةٌ, like as جِحَرَةٌ is pl. of جُحْرٌ; and that of جَرَزٌ is أَجْرَازٌ, like as أَسْبَابٌ is pl. of سَبَبٌ: (S:) and one says also أَرْضٌ أَجْرَازٌ, (K, TA,) as well as أَرَضُونَ أَجْرَازٌ. (TA.) جَرْزَةٌ, (S, A,) or ↓ جَرَزَةٌ, with fet-h to the ر, (K, TA,) Extirpation: (S, A:) or destruction. (K, TA.) Hence the saying, لَنْ تَرْضَى شَانِئَةٌ إِلَّا بِجَرْزَةٍ A female that hates, by reason of the vehemence of her hatred, will not be content save with extirpation [of the object of her hatred]: (S:) or لَمْ يَرْضَ شَانِئُهُ إِلَّا بِجَرْزَةٍ, (A,) or ↓ بَجَرَزَةٍ, (TA,) His hater was not content save with extirpation of him whom he hated. (A, TA.) Yousay also, ↓ رَمَاهُ اللّٰهُ بِشَرَزَةٍ وجَرَزَةٍ, [or بِشَرْزَةٍ وَجَرْزَةٍ, thus, only, the former word is written in the K and TA in art. شرز, and I think that the latter is correctly written in like manner, as in the S and A,] God smote him with destruction [and extirpation]. (TA.) جُرْزَةٌ A bundle of [the kind of trefoil called]

قَتّ (A, Mgh, Msb, K) or the like: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or a handful thereof: (Mgh, Msb:) pl. جُرَزٌ. (A, * Mgh, Msb.) جَرَزَةٌ: see جَرْزَةٌ, in three places.

جُرَازٌ, applied to a sword, (S, K,) Cutting, or sharp: (K:) or cutting much, or very sharp: (S:) or penetrating: or that cuts off utterly, or entirely. (TA.) b2: Hence you say of a she-camel, likening her to such a sword, إِنَّهَا لَجُرَازٌ لِلشَّجَرِ (assumed tropical:) Verily she is one that eats and breaks the trees. (TA.) See also جَرُوزٌ.

جَرُوزٌ (tropical:) That eats much; (A, K;) [when applied to a man,] that leaves nothing upon the table when he eats: (S, A:) or that eats quickly: (K:) applied to a man, and to a camel; (TA;) and to a woman; and to a she-camel, as also ↓ جُرَازٌ; (S;) or [any] female: (TA:) or, applied to a she-camel, that eats everything. (As, TA.) جَارِزٌ, applied [to land, and hence,] to (tropical:) a woman, Barren: (S, A, K:) the woman is likened to land that produces no herbage. (TA.) [See also جُرُزٌ.] b2: أَرْضٌ جَارِزَةٌ Dry and rugged land encompassed by sands or by a [level tract such as is called] قَاع: (S, K:) pl. جَوَارِزُ: (S, TA:) mostly applied to islands of the sea. (TA.) مُجْرِزَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, Lean, or emaciated. (K.) مِجْرَازٌ: see جُرُزٌ; the latter, in two places.

مَجْرُوزَةٌ: see جُرُزٌ; the latter, in two places.

جرف

1 جَرَفَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. جَرْفٌ (S, Msb, K) and جَرْفَةٌ, (Lh, K,) He took away, carried away, or removed, the whole of it, (S, Msb, K,) or the greater part of it, (S,) or much of it: (S, K:) and [in like manner ↓ جرّفهُ; for its inf. n.] تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of carrying away wholly: (KL:) and ↓ اجترفهُ he took the whole of it. (TA in art. جفت.) b2: Also, (inf. n. جَرْفٌ, TA,) He swept it away, namely, mud, (S, K,) from the surface of the earth; (TA;) and so ↓ جرّفهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ; (TA;) and ↓ تجرّفهُ: (K:) or ↓ تَجْرِيفٌ signifies the act of clearing away mud or the like well; in Persian, نيك رنديدن: (KL: [Golius, app. misled by a mistranscription, has explained the verb, جرّف, as on the authority of the KL, by “ bene effudit: ”]) and الشَّىْءَ ↓ اجترف he swept away the thing (جَرَفَهُ) from the surface of the earth. (TA.) Yousay also, جَرَفَتْهُ السُّيُولُ, (Msb,) or ↓ جرّفتهُ, inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ; (S;) and ↓ تجرّفتهُ; (S, K;) The torrents swept it away; (TA;) [or swept it partially away; or wore it away;] namely, a portion of land. (S, Msb, K. See جُرُفٌ.) And, of a death commonly prevailing, جَرَفَ النَّاسَ كَجَرْفِ السَّيْلِ (tropical:) [It swept away, or destroyed, men, like the sweeping away of the torrent]: (TA:) and ↓ يَجْتَرِفُ مَالَ القَوْمِ [It sweeps away, or destroys, the cattle of the people]. (S, TA.) b3: [He shovelled it, or scooped it, away, or up, or out.] You say, جَرَفَهُ بِكِلْتَا يَدَيْهِ [He scooped it up, or out, with both his hands]; i. e. something dry, as flour, and sand, and the like. (S in art. حفن.) b4: جُرِفَ It (herbage) was eaten up utterly. (TA.) 2 جرّفهُ, inf. n. تَجْرِيفٌ: see 1, in four places. b2: جرّفهُ الدَّهْرُ (assumed tropical:) Time, or fortune, or misfortune, destroyed, or exterminated, his property, or cattle, and reduced him to poverty. (TA.) A poet (of the Benoo-Teiyi, TA) says, فَإِنْ تَكُنِ الحَوَادِثُ جَرَّفَتْنِى

فَلَمْ أَرَ هَالِكًا كَابْنَىْ زِيَادِ (assumed tropical:) [And if misfortunes have destroyed my property, or cattle, and reduced me to poverty, I have not seen any one in a state of perdition like the two sons of Ziyád]. (S, TA.) 4 اجرف It (a place) was invaded by a torrent such as is termed جُرَاف. (K.) 5 تَجَرَّفَ see 1, in two places; and see جُرُفٌ.8 إِجْتَرَفَ see 1, in three places.

جُرْفٌ: see جُرُفٌ. b2: Also A smooth side of a mountain. (A boo-Kheyreh, K.) جِرْفٌ: see the next paragraph.

جُرُفٌ and ↓ جُرْفٌ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) the latter a contraction of the former, (Msb,) [An abrupt, water-worn, bank or ridge;] a bank (جَانِبٌ Ksh and Jel in ix. 110) of a valley, the lower part of which is excavated by the water, and hollowed out by the torrents, so that it remains uncompact, unsound, or weak; (Ksh ib.;) a bank, or an acclivity, of a water-course of a valley and the like, when the water has carried away from its lower part, and undermined it, so that it has become like what is termed a دَحْل, with its upper part overhanging; (L;) a portion of land (or sand, S in art. تهر) which the torrents have partially swept away, or worn away, (↓ تَجَرَّفَتْهُ, S, K, or ↓ جَرَفَتْهُ, Msb,) and eaten; (S, Msb, K;) a portion of the lower part of the side of a valley, and of a river, eaten by the torrent; (M, TA;) the side of the bank of a river, that has been eaten by the water, so that some part of it every little while falls: (Har p. 47:) and the latter, [or each,] a place which the torrent does not take away; as also ↓ جِرْفٌ; (K;) [i. e. a bank, or ridge, that remains rising abruptly by the bed of a torrent or stream:] pl. [of pauc.] (of جُرُفٌ, TA) أَجْرَافٌ, (K,) like أَطْنَابٌ pl. of طُنُبٌ, (TA,) and [of mult.] (of جُرْفٌ, though it is implied in the K that it is of جُرُفٌ, TA) جِرَفَةٌ, like جِحَرَةٌ (S, K) pl. of جُحْرٌ, (S,) and جُرُوفٌ. (ISd, TA.) جُرَافٌ A torrent that carries away everything; (S, Msb;) i. q. جُحَافٌ applied to a torrent; as also ↓ جَوْرَفٌ; (K;) and ↓ جَارُوفٌ a torrent that sweeps away that by which it passes, by reason of its copiousness, carrying away everything, and so ↓ جَارِفٌ applied to rain. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) A very voracious man: (K, TA:) a man who devours all the food: (S:) one who eats vehemently, leaving nothing remaining. (M, TA.) b3: (tropical:) A man who marries much, or often, and is brisk, lively, sprightly, or active; as also ↓ جَارُوفٌ. (K, TA.) b4: (tropical:) A sword that sweeps away everything. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A sort of measure of capacity; as also ↓ جِرَافٌ: (S, K:) a certain large measure of capacity. (ISk, TA.) جِرَافٌ: see what next precedes.

نَيْطَلٌ جَرُوفٌ [A capacious bucket: see 3 in art. نهز]. (S in art. نهز.) جُرَّافَةٌ: see مِجْرَفَةٌ.

جَارِفٌ: see جُرَافٌ. b2: Also (tropical:) A death commonly, or generally, prevailing, (S, K, TA,) that sweeps away, or destroys, (يَجْتَرِفُ,) the cattle of the people. (S, TA.) And (assumed tropical:) Plague, or pestilence. (K.) الجَارِفُ means (assumed tropical:) A plague, or pestilence, that happened in the time of Ibn-Ez-Zubeyr; (S;) or, as Lth says, الطَّاعُونُ الجَارِفُ means the plague, or pestilence, that befel the people of El-'Irák [in the year of the Flight 69], spreading wide, and sweeping away the people like the sweeping away of the torrent. (TA.) And (tropical:) Evil fortune, or an affliction, that sweeps away, or destroys, (Lth, K, TA,) a people, (K,) or the cattle of a people. (Lth, TA.) جَوْرَفٌ: see جُرَافٌ. b2: Hence, as being likened to the torrent thus termed, (TA,) (tropical:) A quick, or swift, بِرْذَون [or hack, &c.]. (K.) And (tropical:) An ass; [app. meaning a wild ass, because of his swiftness.] (Sgh, K.) And, accord. to some, A male ostrich: (as in the K:) but this is a mistranscription for جَوْرَقٌ, with ق. (Abu-l-' Abbás, T, Sgh, L, TA.) جَارُوفٌ: see جُرَافٌ, in two places. b2: Also (tropical:) Greedy; having an inordinate desire, or appetite, for food. (K, TA.) b3: And An (tropical:) unfortunate man. (K, * TA.) مِجْرَفٌ: see مِجْرَفَةٌ. b2: [Hence,] بَنَانٌ مِجْرَفٌ [Fingers, or fingers' ends,] that take much food. (IAar, TA.) مِجْرَفَةٌ A broom, or besom; (K;) a thing with which mud is swept away from the surface of the ground: (S, * TA:) [applied in the present day to a shovel: and a hoe: and a rake:] as also ↓ مِجْرَفٌ: vulgarly, ↓ جُرَّافَةٌ; [now applied by many to a drag for dragging rivers &c.;] of which the pl. is جَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) مُجَرَّفٌ (tropical:) A man who has had his property, or or cattle, destroyed, or exterminated, and who has been reduced to poverty, by time, or fortune, or misfortune. (TA.) مُجَرِّفٌ (tropical:) Lean, or emaciated. (M, TA.) [See what next follows.]

مُتَجَرِّفٌ (tropical:) A ram whose general fatness has gone; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) and so a camel. (TA.) b2: Lean, or emaciated; as also مُتَجَلِّفٌ. (TA in art. جلف.) You say, جَآءَ مُتَجَرِّفًا (tropical:) He (a man, Ibn-'Abbád, TA) came in a lean and lax state (هَزِيلًا مُضْطَرِبًا). (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

جدل

1 جَدَلَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, K) and جَدِلَ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ, (S,) He twisted it firmly; (S, K;) namely, a rope. (S.) b2: He made it firm, strong, or compact. (TA.) b3: [Hence,] جَارِيَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ الجَدْلِ (assumed tropical:) [A girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make]. (S.) b4: [Hence also,] عَمِلَ عَلَى

شَاكِلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا (assumed tropical:) [He did according to his own particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct, to which he was strongly disposed by nature]. (TA.) A2: See also 2.

A3: جَدَلَ, inf. n. جُدُولٌ, It (a thing) was, or became, hard, and strong. (K, * TA.) b2: جَدَلَ الحَبُّ فِى

السُّنْبُلِ The grain became strong in the ears: (S. O, TA:) or accord. to the K, it means وَقَعَ [i. e., came into the ears]. (TA.) b3: جَدَلَ said of a young gazelle, &c., He became strong, and followed his mother. (K.) [See also جَادِلٌ.]

A4: جَدِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. جَدَلٌ, [said in the S to be a subst. from 3, q. v.,] He contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, vehemently, or violently. (Msb.) 2 جدّلهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَجْدِيلٌ, (Msb,) He threw him down (S, Msb, K) upon the جَدَالَة, (Msb, K,) i. e., (TA,) upon the ground; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدَلَهُ, (K,) inf. n. جَدْلٌ: (TA:) or the former signifies he did so much, or often. (TA.) You say, طَعَنَهُ فَجَدَّلَهُ [He thrust him, or pierced him, with a spear or the like, and threw him down &c.]. (S, Msb.) [See also 3.]3 جادلهُ, inf. n. مُجَادَلَةٌ and جِدَالٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) He contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, with him: (S, TA:) or did so vehemently, or violently, (Mgh, K,) and ably, or powerfully: (K:) [or he did so obstinately, or merely for the purpose of convincing him; for]

مجادلة signifies the disputing respecting a question of science for the purpose of convincing the opponent, whether what he says be wrong in itself or not: (Kull p. 342:) [he wrangled with him:] or جادل, inf. n. مجادلة and جدال, as above, signifies originally he contended in an altercation, or disputed, or litigated, by advancing what might divert the mind from the appearance of the truth and of what was right: and accord. to a later usage, of the lawyers, he compared evidences [in a discussion with another person, or other persons,] in order that it might appear which of those evidences was preponderant: and the doing this is commendable if for the purpose of ascertaining the truth; but otherwise it is blameable: (Msb:) accord. to Er-Rághib, جدال signifies the competing in disputation or contention, and in striving to overcome [thereby]; from جَدَلْتُ الحَبْلَ, meaning, “I twisted the rope firmly; ” as though each of the two parties twisted the other from his opinion: or, as some say, it originally means the act of wrestling, and throwing down another upon the جَدَالَة [or ground]: accord. to Ibn-El-Kemál, a disputing that has for its object the manifesting and establishing of tenets or opinions. (TA.) [See also جَدِلَ.]4 اجدلت She (a gazelle) had her young one [sufficiently grown to be] walking with her. (Zj, K.) 5 تَجَدَّلَ see 7.6 تجادلوا The contended in an altercation, disputed, or litigated, [or did so vehemently, or violently, &c., (see 3,)] one with another. (KL, MA, &c.,) 7 انجدل He fell down upon the ground: (S:) he became thrown down upon the جَدَالَة, i. e., the ground; and in like manner ↓ تجدّل, he became thrown down, &c., much, or often. (TA.) 8 اِجْتِدَالٌ The act of building, or constructing. (TA.) El-Kumeyt says, مَجَادِلَ شَدَّ الرَّاصِفُونَ اجْتِدَالَهَا (S, TA) i. e. [Pavilions of which the masons have made strong] the building, or construction. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 جَدْوَلَ He ruled a book with lines; such as are ruled round a page, &c. See جَدْوَلٌ.]

جَدْلٌ Hard, and strong; as also ↓ جَدِلٌ. (K, * TA.) b2: Also, and ↓ جِدْلٌ, A strong, firm, or compact, penis. (K, * TA.) b3: Also, (K,) or the former, (S, TA,) Any member, or limb: (S, K:) pl. جُدُولٌ. (S, TA.) b4: Also, (K,) or the former, (TA,) Any complete bone, [app. with its flesh,] not broken, nor mixed with aught beside: pl. [of pauc.] أَجْدَالٌ and [of mult.] جُدُولٌ. (K, TA.) b5: Also, (K,) or [the pl.] جُدُولٌ , (Lth, TA,) The bones of the arms and legs (Lth, K, TA) of a man: (Lth, TA:) and of the fore and hind legs of the victim termed عَقِيقَة. (TA from a trad.) جِدْلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

جَدَلٌ Vehemence, or violence, in altercation or disputation or litigation; (S, K;) and ability, or power, to practise it: (K:) [or simply contention in an altercation; disputation; or litigation:] a subst. from جَادَلَهُ: (S:) or inf. n. of جَدِلَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) b2: Hence, as a term of logic, A syllogism composed of things well known, or conceded; the object of which is to convince the opponent, and to make him to understand who fails to apprehend the premises of the demonstration. (TA.) جَدِلٌ: see جَدْلٌ.

A2: Also One who contends in an altercation, disputes, or litigates, vehemently, or violently, (Msb, K,) and ably, or powerfully; and so ↓ مِجْدَلٌ and ↓ مِجْدَالٌ. (K.) جَدْلَآءُ fem. of أَجْدَلُ.

A2: Also syn., in two senses, with جَدِيلَةٌ, which see, in two places.

جَدْوَلٌ A rivulet; a streamlet; (S, Msb, K;) [whether natural, or formed artificially for irrigation; being often applied to a streamlet for irrigation, in the form of a trench, or gutter;] it is less than a سَاقِيَة; and this is less than a نَهْر: (Mgh in art. سَقى:) as also جِدْوَلٌ: (K:) pl. جَدَاوِلُ. (Msb.) b2: Hence, اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُهُمْ (tropical:) Their affair, or case, was, or became, in a right, a regular, or an orderly, state; like the جدول when its flow is uniform and uninterrupted. (TA.) And اِسْتَقَامَ جَدْوَلُ الحَاجِّ (assumed tropical:) The caravan of the pilgrims formed an uninterrupted line. (TA.) b3: [Hence also جَدْوَلٌ as meaning (assumed tropical:) A kind of small vein. (Golius from Ibn-Seenà.)]

b4: Hence also جَدْوَلُ كِتَابٍ (assumed tropical:) [A ruled line, (such as is ruled round a page, &c.,) and a column, and a table, of a book]. (TA.) جَدِيلٌ applied to a rope, Firmly twisted; as also ↓ مَجْدُولٌ. (TA.) b2: A camel's nose-rein (S, K) of hide, or leather, (S,) firmly twisted: (S, K:) and a cord of hide, or leather, or of [goats'] hair, [that is put] upon the neck of the camel: (K:) and the [kind of women's ornament termed] وِشَاح (S, K) is sometimes thus called: (S:) pl. جُدُلٌ. (K.) جَدَالَةٌ The ground: (S, Msb, K:) or hard ground: (TA:) or ground having fine sand. (K.) جَدِيلَةٌ A رَهْط, [q. v.,] i. e., (TA,) a thing like an إِتْب, of hide, or leather, which boys, and menstruous women, wear round the waist in the manner of an إِزَار. (K, TA.) A2: A [tribe, such as is termed] قَبِيلَة: and a region, quarter, or tract; syn. نَاحِيَةٌ: (S, K:) and so ↓ جَدْلَآءُ, in both these senses, as used in the phrase, هٰذَا عَلَى

جَدْلَائِهِ [This is according to the way of his region, and of his tribe]. (TA.) You say also, ↓ ذَهَبَ عَلَى جَدْلَائِهِ, in the K, erroneously, جَدْلَانِهِ, (TA,) i. e., على وَجْهِهِ [He went his own way], (K, TA,) and نَاحِيَتِهِ [towards his region, or quarter, or tract]. (K.) b2: A state, or condition. (K.) b3: (tropical:) A particular way, course, mode, or manner, of acting, or conduct; syn. شَاكِلَةٌ, (S, K,) and طَرِيقَةٌ. (K.) You say, عَمِلَ عَلَى جَدِيلَتِهِ, i. e. [He did according to his own particular way, &c.; or] عَمِلَ عَلَى شَاكِلَتِهِ الَّتِى جُدِلَ عَلَيْهَا [explained above: see 1]. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) A determination of the mind. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) The management, or ordering, of a people's affairs; the exercise of the office of عَرِيف. (AA, TA.) جَادِلٌ A boy becoming, or become, strong; vigorous, or robust. (S.) b2: A she-camel's young one above such as is termed رَاشِح, which is such as has become strong, and walks with his mother-(As, S.) [See also جَدَلَ.]

جَنْدَلٌ: and جُنْدَلٌ: &c.: see art. جندل.

أَجْدَلُ; fem. جَدْلَآءُ: see مَجْدُولٌ, in three places

A2: Also, [accord. to most of the grammarians أَجْدَلٌ, but accord. to some أَجْدَلُ,] The hawk; syn. صَقْرٌ; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَجْدَلِىٌّ: (K:) or an epithet applied to the hawk [and therefore without tenween]: (TA:) pl. أَجَادِلُ. (K.) أَجْدَلِىٌّ: see what next precedes.

مِجْدَلٌ A قَصْر [or palace, or pavilion, &c.,] (S, K, TA [in the CK القَصِيرُ is erroneously put for القَصْرُ]) strongly constructed: (TA:) pl. مَجَادِلُ. (S, K.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مِجْدَالٌ A piece of rock or stone: [an oblong roofing-stone, of those which, placed side by side, form the roof of a subterranean passage, &c.:] pl. مَجَادِيلُ. (TA.) A2: See also جَدِلٌ.

مَجْدُولٌ: see جَدِيلٌ. [Hence,] دِرْعٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ (tropical:) A compact coat of mail; (S, TA;) as also ↓ جَدْلَآءُ: (S, K:) pl. [of the latter] جُدْلٌ. (K.) b2: (tropical:) A man (K, TA) of slender make, (TA,) slender in the (bones called] قَصَب, of firm, or compact, make (مُحْكَمُ الفَتْلِ [as though firmly twisted]): (K, TA:) or slender, slim, thin, spare, lean, or light of flesh; not from emaciation: (S:) and مَجْدُولُ الخَلْقِ, as some say, of firm, or compact, make. (TA.) And مَجْدُولَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A woman small in the belly, and compact in flesh: (A in art. فيض:) or مَجْدُولَةُ الخَلْقِ a girl of beautiful compacture; of beautiful, compact make; syn. حَسَنَةُ الجَدْلِ. (S.) Also سَاعِدٌ

↓ أَجْدَلُ (assumed tropical:) [A fore arm, or an upper arm,] of firm, or compact, make. (K, * TA.) And سَاقٌ مَجْدُولَةٌ and ↓ جَدْلَآءُ (tropical:) [A shank of beautiful compacture;] well rounded; well turned; syn. حَسَنَةُ الطَّىِّ. (K, TA.)

كفر

1 كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c,) aor. , in the sense first explained below كَفِرَ, (S, K, &c.;) [respecting which Fei observes,] ElFárábee, whom J follows, says that it is like يَضْرِبُ, but in a trustworthy copy of the T it is written كَفُرَ, and this is the proper form, because they say that كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ [of which the aor. is كَفُرَ] is borrowed from كَفَرَ الشَّىْءَ in the sense which is first explained below; (Msb;) and MF says, that the saying of J, following his maternal uncle Aboo-Nasr El-Fárábee, that the aor. of this verb is كَفِرَ, is doubtless a mistake; but to this, [says SM,] I reply, that it is correctly كَفِرَ, as J and F and other leading lexicologists have said; though the aor. of the verb of كُفْرٌ as meaning the contr. of إِيْمَانٌ is كَفُرَ; (TA;) [or, if this latter verb be taken from the former, the aor. of the former may have been originally كَفِرَ and كَفُرَ, and general usage may have afterwards applied the aor. ـِ to one signification, while the aor. ـُ has been applied by very few persons to that signification, but by all to the significations thence derived;] inf. n. كَفْرٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, K,) inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ; (TA;) He veiled, concealed, hid, or covered, the thing: (S, A, * Mgh, * Msb, K: *) or he covered the thing so as to destroy it: (Az, TA:) and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, aor. [and inf. n.] as above, he covered it; covered it over. (K,) You say كَفَرَ البَذْرَ الْمَبْذُورَ CCC He covered the sown seed with earth. (TA.) And كَفَرَ السَّحَابُ السَّمَآءَ The clouds covered the sky. (A.) Lebeed says, فِى لَيْلَةٍ كَفَرَ النُّجُومَ غَمَامُهَا In a night whereof the clouds that covered the sky concealed the stars. (Msb.) You say also كَفَرَهُ اللَّيْلُ, and كَفَرَ عَلَيْهِ, The night covered it with its blackness. (TA.) And كَفَرَتِ الرِّيحُ الرَّسْمَ The wind covered the trace or mark [with dust.] (A.) And كَفَرَ فَوْقَ دِرْعِهِ He clad himself with a garment over his coat of mail. and دِرْعَهُ بِثَوْبٍ ↓ كَفَّرَ He covered his coat of mail with a garment. (TA.) And كَفَرَ مَتَاعَهُ He put his goods in a receptacle. (TA.) and كَفَرَ الْمَتَاعَ فِى الوِعَآءِ CCC He covered, or concealed, the goods in the receptacle. (A.) And ↓ كَفَّرَ نَفْسَهُ بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. (A.) And كَفَرَ الجَهْلُ عَلَى عِلْمِ فُلَانٍ Ignorance covered over the knowledge of such a one. (TA.) وَكَيْفَ تَكْفُرُونَ, [thus, with damm as the vowel of the aor. ,] in the Kur, iii. 96, has been explained as signifying And wherefore do ye cover the familiarity and love in which ye were living? (TA.) b2: Hence, (Msb, TA,) كَفَرَ, (S,) and كَفَرَ النِّعْمَةَ, and بِالنِّعْمَةِ; (Msb;) and كَفَرَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ, and بِنِعْمَةِ اللّٰهِ; (K;) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ. (S, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفُورٌ, (S, K,) and كُفْرٌ; (El-Basáïr;) He covered, or concealed, (Msb,) and denied, or disacknowledged, the favour or benefit [conferred upon him]; (S, Msb;) he was ungrateful, or unthankful, or behaved ungratefully or unthankfully; contr. of شَكَرَ; (S;) and he denied, or disacknowledged, and concealed, or covered, the favour or benefit of God: (K:) God's favours or benefits are the signs which show to those who have discrimination that their Creator is one, without partner, and that He has sent apostles with miraculous signs and revealed scriptures and manifest proofs. (Az, TA.) وَلَا نَكْفُرُكَ, in the prayer [termed القُنُوتُ], means وَلَا نَكْفُرُ نِعْمَتَكَ [And we will not deny, or disacknowledge, thy favour; or we will not be ungrateful, or unthankful, for it]. (Msb.) [The verb when used in this sense, seems, from what has been said above, to be a حَقِيقَة عُرْفِيَّة, or word so much used in a particular tropical sense as to be, in that sense, conventionally regarded as proper.] b3: and hence, كَفَرَ, inf. n. كُفْرَانٌ, is used to signify [absolutely] He denied, or disacknowledged. (TA.) [See the act. part. n., below: and see 3. See also art. ف, p. 2322 a.] You say كَفَرَ بِالصَّانِعِ He denied the Creator. (Msb.) b4: Hence also, (TA.) كَفَرَ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. كُفُرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which is the most common form in this case, (El-Basáïr,) and كَفْرٌ (K) and كُفْرَانٌ (Msb, K) and كُفُورٌ, (K,) He disbelieved; he became an unbeliever, or infidel; contr. of آمَنَ, inf. n. إِيْمَانٌ. (S, K.) You say كَفَرَ بِاللّٰهِ (S, Msb) He disbelieved in God: (S:) because he who does so conceals, or covers, the truth, and the favours of the liberal Dispenser of favours [who is God]. (MF.) [Also, as shown above, He denied God.] It is related in a trad. of 'Abd-El-Melik, that he wrote to El-Hajjáj, مَنْ أَقَرَّ بِالكُفْرِ فَخَلِّ سَبِيلَهُ, meaning, Whosoever confesses the unbelief of him who opposes the Benoo-Marwán, and goes forth against them, let him go his way. (TA.) See also كُفْرٌ, below. b5: [He blasphemed: a signification very common in the present day.] b6: Also, كَفَرَ بِكَذَا He declared himself to be clear, or quit, of such a thing. (Msb.) In this sense it is used in the Kur xiv. 27. (Msb, TA.) b7: And كَفَرَ also signifies He was remiss, or fell short of his duty, with respect to the law, and neglected the gratitude or thankfulness to God which was incumbent on him. So in the Kur xxx. 43; as is shown by its being opposed to عَمِلَ صَالِحًا. (TA.) A2: كَفَرَ لَهُ, inf. n. كَفْرٌ: see 2.2 كفّرهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ: see 1, first signification, in three places.

A2: Hence, كَفَّرَ الذَّنْبَ It (war in the cause of God [or the like]) covered, or concealed, the crime or sin: (Mgh:) (or expiated it: or annulled it; for] تكفير with respect to acts of disobedience is like إِحْبَاطٌ with respect to reward. (S, K.) The saying in the Kur [v. 70.] لَكَفَّرْنَا عَنْهُمْ سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ means, We would cover, or conceal, their sins, so that they should become as though they had not been: or it may mean, We would do away with their sins; as is indicated by another saying in the Kur [xi. 116,] “ good actions do away with sins. ” (El-Basáïr.) كَفَّرَ اللّٰهُ عَنْهُ الذَّنْبَ signifies God effaced his sin. (Msb.) b2: And كَفَّرَ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ [He expiated his oath;] he performed, (Msb,) or gave, (K,) what is termed كَفَّارَة [i. e. a fast, or alms, for the expiation of his oath]: (Msb, K:) تَكْفِيرٌ of an oath is the doing what is incumbent, or obligatory, for the violation, or breaking, thereof: (S:) كَفَّرَ يَمِينَهُ is a vulgar phrase. (Mgh.) A3: كَفَّرَهُ as syn. with أَكْفَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: كَفَّرَ لَهُ, inf. n. تَكْفِيرٌ, (A, Mgh, TA,) He did obeisance to him, lowering his head, or bowing, and bending himself, and putting his hand upon his breast: (Mgh:) or put his hand upon his breast and bent himself down to him: (TA:) or he made a sign of humbling himself to him; did obeisance to him: (A:) namely, an عِلْج [or unbeliever of the Persians or other foreigners] (A, Mgh) or a ذِمِّىّ [or free non- Muslim subject of a Muslim government, i. e., a Christian, a Jew, or a Sabian] (Mgh) to the king; (A, Mgh;) or a slave to his master, or to his دِهْقَان [or chief]: (TA:) and ↓ كَفَرَ, [aor. ـُ accord. to the rule of of the K,] (TK,) inf. n. كَفْرٌ, (K,) he (a Persian, فَارِسِىٌّ, K, and so in the L and other lexicons, but in the TS فَارِس, without ى, which is probably a mistake of copyists, TA) paid honour to his king, (K, TA,) by making a sing with his head, near to prostration: (TA:) تَكْفِيرٌ is a man's humbling himself to another, (S, K, TA,) bending himself, and lowering his head, nearly in the manner termed رُكُوعٌ; as one does when he desires to pay honour to his friend; (TA;) or as the عِلْج does to the دِهْقَان: (S:) and the تكفير of the people of the scriptures [or Christians and Jews, and Sabians] one's lowering his head to his friend, like the تَسْلِيم with the Muslims: or one's putting his hand, or his two hands, upon his breast: (TA:) and تكفير in prayer is the bending one's self much in the state of standing, before the action termed رُكُوعٌ; the doing of which was disapproved by Mohammad, accord. to a trad. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا أَصْبَحَ ابْنُ آدَمَ فَإِنَّ الأَعْضَآءَ تُكَفِّرُ كُلُّهَا لِلِّسَانِ When the son of Adam rises in the morning, verily all the members abase themselves to the tongue, (Mgh, TA,) and confess obedience to it, and humbly submit to its command. (TA.) b2: تَكْفِيرٌ also signifies The crowning a king with a crown, [because] when he, or it, is seen, obeisance is done to him (إِذَا رُئِىَ كُفِّرَ لَهُ). (K.) b3: See also تَكْفِيرٌ below.3 كَافَرَنِى حَقِّى He denied, or disacknowledged, to me my right, or just claim. (A, Mgh, K.) Hence the saying of 'Ámir, إِذَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ القَاضِى

بِشَىْءٍ ثُمَّ كَافَرَ [When he confesses a thing in the presence of the Kádee, then denies, or disacknowledges: كَافَرَ being thus used in the sense of كَفَرَ]. But as to the saying of Mohammad [the lawyer], رجُلٌ لَهُ عَلَى آخَرَ دَيْنٌ فَكَافَرَهُ بِهِ سِنِينَ [A man who owed to another a debt, and denied to him, in the case of it, for years], he seems to have made it imply the meaning of المُمَاطَلَة, and therefore to have made it trans. in the same manner as المماطلة is trans. (Mgh.) 4 اكفرهُ, (S, A, Mgh, K,) and ↓ كفّرهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) [the latter of which is the more common in the present day,] He called him a كَافِر [i. e. a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel]: (S, Mgh, K:) he attributed, or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, disbelief, or infidelity: (S, A, Msb:) or he said to him كَفَرْتَ [Thou hast become an unbeliever, or infidel, or Thou hast blasphemed: in this last sense, “ he said to him Thou hast blasphemed, ”

كفّرهُ, to which alone it is assigned in the Msb, is very commonly used in the present day]. (Msb.) Hence the saying, لَا تُكْفِرْ أَحَدًا مِنْ أَهْلِ قِبْلَتِكَ Do not thou attribute or impute disbelief or infidelity to any one of the people of thy kibleh; (S, TA;) i. e., do not thou call any such a disbeliever, &c.; or do not thou make him such by thine assertion and thy saying. (TA.) لَا تُكَفِّرُوا أَهْلَ قِبْلَتِكُمْ is not authorized by the relation, though it be allowable as a dial. form. (Mgh.) b2: [Also] أَكْفَرْتُهُ, inf. n. إِكْفَارٌ, I made him a disbeliever, an unbeliever, or an infidel; I compelled him to become a disbeliever, &c. (Msb.) And أَكْفَرَ فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ Such a one compelled his companion by evil treatment to become disobedient after he had been obedient. (Mgh.) And أَكْفَرَ الرَّجُلُ مُطِيعَهُ The man compelled him who had obeyed him to disobey him: (T, TA:) or he made him to be under a necessity to disobey him. (TA.) A2: اكفر He (a man, TA) kept, or confined himself, to the كَفْر, (K,) i. e. قَرْيَة [town or village]; (TA;) as also ↓ اكتفر. (IAar, K.) 5 تكفّر بِالسِّلَاحِ He covered himself with the arms. And تكفّر بِالثَّوْبِ He enveloped himself entirely with the garment. (A.) 8 إِكْتَفَرَ see 4, last signification.

كَفْرٌ The darkness and blackness of night; [because it conceals things;] as also, sometimes, ↓ كِفْرٌ. (S, K.) [See also كَافِرٌ.] See a verse cited voce ذُكَآءُ.

A2: Earth, or dust; because it conceals what is beneath it. (Lh.) A3: [Hence also] A grave, or sepulchre: (S, K:) pl. كُفُورٌ. (S.) Whence the saying, أَللّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِأَهْلِ الكُفُورِ [O God, pardon the people of the graves]. (S.) A4: [And hence, perhaps,] A town, or village; [generally the latter;] syn. قَرْيَةٌ: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) a Syriac word, and mostly used by the people of Syria [and of Egypt]: or, accord. to El-Harbee, land that is far from men, by which no one passes: (TA:) pl. كُفُورٌ: (S, Msb:) in the present day, it is applied in Egypt to any small قَرْيَة [or village] by the side of a great قَرْيَة [or town]: they say القَرْيَةُ الفُلَانِيَّةُ وَكَفْرُهَا [Such a town and its village]: and sometimes one قَرْيَة has a number of كُفُور. (TA.) Hence the saying of Mo'áwiyeh, أَهْلُ الكُفُورِ هُمْ أَهْلُ القُبُورِ [The people of the villages are the people of the graves]; meaning, that they are as the dead; they do not see the great towns and the performance of the congregational prayers of Friday: (S, Mgh:) by الكفور he meant the villages (القُرَى) remote from the great towns and from the places where the people of science assemble, so that ignorance prevails among their inhabitants, and they are most quickly affected by innovations in religion and by natural desires which cause to err. (Az, TA.) Hence also the trad. (of Aboo-Hureyreh, TA), لَيُخْرِجَنَّكُمُ الرُّومُ مِنْهَا كَفْرًا كَفْرًا [The Greeks will assuredly expel you from them, town by town, or village by village]; (S, * TA;) i. e. from the فُرًى of Syria. (S, TA.) b2: كَفْرٌ عَلَى كَفْرٍ also signifies One upon another; or one part upon another. (TA.) كُفْرٌ: see 1. [As a simple subst., Ingratitude, &c. b2: And particularly Denial, or disacknowledgment, of favours or benefits, and especially of those conferred by God: and disbelief, unbelief; infidelity.] It is of four kinds: كُفْرُ إِنْكَارٍ the denial, or disacknowledgment, of God, with the heart and the tongue, having no knowledge of what is told one of the unity of God [&c.]: and كُفْرُ جُحُودٍ the acknowledgment with the heart without confessing with the tongue: [or the disacknowledgment of God with the tongue while the heart acknowledges Him:] and كُفْرُ المُعَانَدَةِ the knowledge of God with the heart, and confession with the tongue, with refusal to accept [the truth]: and كُفْرُ النِّفَاقِ the confession with the tongue with disbelief in the heart: all of these are unpardonable: (L, TA:) the greatest كُفْر is the denial, or disacknowledgment, of the unity [of God], or of the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], or of the law of God. (El-Basáïr.) [Also, Blasphemy. Its pl., as a simple subst. in all these senses, is said to be كُفُورٌ.]. Akh says, that كُفُورًا [in the accus. case] in the Kur xvii. 101, [to which may be added v. 91 of the same ch., and xxv. 52,] is pl. of كُفْرٌ, like as بُرُودٌ is pl. of بُرْدٌ. (S.) A2: Tar, or pitch, syn. قِيرٌ; with which ships are smeared; (K;) of which there are three sorts, كُفْرٌ and قِيرٌ and زِفتٌ: كفر is melted, and then ships are smeared with it: [whence, app., its name, from its being a covering:] زفت is used for smearing skins for wine, &c. (ISh.) كِفْرٌ: see كَفْرٌ.

كَفَرٌ: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفْرَةٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كُفَرَّى, and its variations: see كَافُورٌ.

كَفُورٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارٌ: see كافر.

كَفَّارَةٌ a subst. from تَكْفِيرُ اليَمِينِ, (S,) or an intensive epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates; signifying [An expiation for a sin or crime or a violated oath;] an action, or a quality, which has the effect of effacing a wrong action or sin or crime; (TA;) that which covers, or conceals, sins or crimes; such as the كفّارة of oaths [violated], and that of [the kind of divorce termed] ظِهَار, and of unintentional homicide; (T, TA;) an expiation (مَا كُفِّرَ بِهِ), such as an alms-giving, and a fasting, and the like: (K:) pl. كَفَّارَاتٌ. (T, TA.) كَافِرٌ A sower: (S, K:) or a tiller of the ground: (Msb:) because he covers over the seed with earth: (S, Msb: *) pl. كُفَّارٌ. (S, TA.) The pl. is said by some to be thus used in the Kur lvii. 19. (TA.) b2: Dark clouds, or a dark cloud; (K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b3: Night: (K:) or intensely black night; because it conceals everything by its darkness. (S.) b4: The darkness; (K;) because it covers what is beneath it; (TA;) as also ↓ كَفْرَةٌ, accord. to the copies of the K; but in the L, كَفْرٌ, q. v. (TA.) b5: The sea; (S, A, K;) for the same reason. (TA.) Thaalabeh Ibn-So'eyr El-Mazinee says, (S, TA,) describing a male and a female ostrich and their returning to their eggs at sunset, (TA,) فَتَذَكَّرَا ثَقَلًا رَثِيدًا بَعْدَمَا

أَلْقَتْ ذُكَآءُ يَمِينَهَا فِى كَافِرِ [And they remembered goods placed side by side, after the sun had cast its right side into a sea]; i. e., the sun had begun to set: or the poet may mean [by كافر] night: (S, TA:) but Sgh says, that the right reading is تَذَكَّرَتْ; the pronoun referring to the female ostrich. (TA.) b6: Also, A great river: (S, K:) used in this sense by El-Mutalemmis: (S:) and a great valley. (K.) b7: [A man] staying, or abiding, [in a place,] and hiding himself. (TA.) [See an ex. voce عَرْشٌ.] b8: [A man] wearing arms; covered with arms: (Az, K:) as also ↓ مُكَفِّرٌ (A, K) and ↓ مُتَكَفِّرٌ (S, A) and ↓ مُكَفَّرٌ: (A:) or this last signifies bound fast in iron; (K, TA;) as though covered and concealed by it: (TA:) pl. of the first, كُفَّارٌ. (K.) Hence the following, (K,) said by Mohammad during the pilgrimage of valediction, (TA,) لَا تَرْجِعُوا بِعْدِى كُفَّارًا يَضْرِبُ بَعْضُكُمْ رِقَابَ بَعْضٍ (K) [Do not ye become again, after me, i. e., after my death,] wearers of arms, preparing yourselves for fight, [one party of you smiting the necks of others;] as though he meant thereby to forbid war: (AM, TA:) or [do not ye become unbelievers, after me, &c.; i. e.,] do not ye call people unbelievers, and so become unbelievers [yourselves]. (AM, K, TA.) b9: A coat of mail; (Sgh, K;) because it conceals what is beneath it. (TA.) b10: One who has covered his coat of mail with a garment worn over it. (S.) b11: كَافِرُ الدُّرُوعِ A garment that is worn over the coat of mail. (A.) A2: One who denies, or disacknowledges, the favours or benefits of God: (K:) [ungrateful; unthankful; especially to God:] one who denies, or disacknowledges, the unity [of God], and the prophetic office [of Mohammad and others], and the law of God, altogether, accord. to the common conventional acceptation: a disbeliever; an unbeliever; an infidel; a miscreant; contr. of مُؤْمِنٌ: (El- Basáïr:) because he conceals the favours of God: (S:) or because his heart is covered; as though it were of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (IDrd, TA:) or because كُفْر covers his heart altogether: (Lth, TA:) i. e. having a covering to his heart: or because, when God invites him to acknowledge his unity, He invites him to accept his favours; and when he refuses to do so, he covers the favour of God, excluding it from him: (Az, TA:) fem. with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. masc.

كَفَرَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of كافر in the first of the senses explained above, (El-Basáïr,) and كُفَّارٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the most common pl. of the same in the last of those senses, as contr. of مؤمن, (El-Basáïr,) and كِفَارٌ (S, K) and كَافِرُونَ: (Msb:) and pl. fem.

كَوَافِرُ (S, Msb, K) and كَافِرَاتٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ رَجُلٌ كَفَّارٌ, and ↓ كَفُورٌ signify the same as كَافِرٌ: (K:) or كَفُورٌ is an intensive epithet, meaning very ungrateful, or unthankful, [&c., especially to God]: so in the Kur xxii. 65, and xliii. 14: and كَفَّارٌ has a more intensive signification than كَفُورٌ, [meaning habitually ungrateful, &c.:] os in the Kur ا 23: but sometimes it is used in the sense of كَفُورٌ; as in the Kur xiv. 37: (ElBasáïr:) ↓ كَفُورٌ is fem. as well as masc.; (TA;) and its pl. is كُفُرٌ, (K, * TA,) also both masc. and fem.; and it has no unbroken pl. (TA.) b2: Also, simply, Denying, or disacknowledging; a denier, or disacknowledger: followed byبِ before the thing denied: pl. كَافِرُونَ: (S, TA;) so in the Kur ii. 38, (TA,) and xxviii. 48. (S, TA.) b3: [Also, Blaspheming; a blasphemer.]

A3: See also كَافُورٌ.

كَافُورٌ The spathe, or envelope of the طَلْع [or spadix], (As, S, K, TA,) or upper covering thereof, (TA,) of a palm-tree; (As, S, K, TA;) the كِمّ of a palm-tree: (Mgh, Msb:) as also ↓ كُفَرَّى, (S, Mgh, Msb,) with damm to the ك and fet-h to the ف and teshdeed to the ر, (Mgh, Msb,) or كُفُرَّى, [so in the copies of the K, and so I have found it written in other works, so that both forms appear to be correct,] and كَفَرَّى and كِفِرَّى, (K, * TA,) and ↓ كَافِرٌ (AHn, K) and ↓ كَفَرٌ: (K:) so called because it conceals what is within it: (Mgh, Msb:) or, accord. to AA and Fr, the طَلْع [by which they probably mean the spathe, for, as is said in the Mgh, it is applied by some to the كِمّ (or spathe) before it bursts open]: (S:) [↓ كفرّى is sometimes masc., though more properly and commonly fem.:] IAar says, I heard Umm-Rabáh say.

هٰذِهِ كفرّى and هٰذَا كفّرى: (TA:) the pl. of كَافُورٌ is كَوَافِيرُ; and the pl. of كَافِرٌ is كَوَافِرُ. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) The زَمَع of the grape-vine; (K, TA;) i. e., the leaves which cover what is within them of the raceme; likened to the كافور of the طلع; (TA;) the كِمّ [or calyx] of the grapes, before the blossom comes forth; because they cover the unopened raceme; accord. to IF, as also ↓ كُفَرَّى: (Msb:) pl. كَوَافِيرُ and كَوَافِرُ, accord. to the K; but it is well known that the former is pl. of كافور, and the latter of كافر. (TA.) b3: And, accord. to some, (assumed tropical:) The envelope [or calyx] of any plant. (TA.) A2: [Camphor;] a kind of perfume, (S, K,) well known, from certain trees [the laurus camphora of Linn.] in the mountains of the sea of India and China, which afford shadow to many people or creatures, (K,) by reason of its greatness and its many spreading branches, (TA,) which leopards or panthers frequent, and the wood of which is white and easily broken; the كافور is found within it, and is of various kinds, in colour red, and becoming white only by تَصْعِيد [or sublimation]. (K.) A3: Accord. to the M, A mixture of perfume, composed of the spathe (كافور) of the spadix of the palm-tree. (TA.) A4: A certain spring, or fountain, in paradise. (Fr. K.) So in the Kur [lxxvi. 5,] إِنَّ الْأَبْرَارَ يَشْرَبُونَ مِنْ كَأْسٍ كَانَ مِزَاجُهَا كَافُورًا [Verily the pious shall drink a cup of wine whereof the mixture is Káfoor]. (Fr.) IDrd says, that it should be imperfectly decl., because it is a fem. [proper] name, determinate, of more than three letters; but it is made perfectly decl. for the conformity of the ends of the verses: Th says, that it is made perfectly decl. because it is used by way of comparison; and that if it were a [proper] name of the spring, or fountain, it would be imperfectly decl.: Th means, says ISd, whereof the mixture is like كافور [or camphor]: and Zj says, that it may mean that the taste of perfume and كافور is in it, or that it is mixed with كافور. (TA.) A5: A certain plant, (Lth, K,) [which I believe to he the same as the camphorata Monspeliensis, see my “ Thousand and One Nights, ”

ch. xxviii. note 6,] of sweet odour, (ISd, K,) the flower of which is (Lth, K) white, (Lth,) like the flower of the أُقْحُوَان [or camomile]. (Lth, K.) A6: IDrd says, I do not think the كافور is Arabic, because they sometimes say قَفُورٌ and قَافُورٌ. (TA.) أَكْفَرُ [More, or most, ungrateful or unthank-ful, especially to God; or disbelieving or unbelieving]. (TA.) تَكْفِيرٌ, as a subst., The crown of a king. (ISd, K.) مُكْفَّرٌ A bird covered with feathers. (A.) See also كَافِرٌ: and see مَكْفُورٌ.

A2: One who, though beneficent, is regarded, or treated, with ingratitude; (K;) a benefactor whose beneficence is not gratefully acknowledged. (A.) مُكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

رَمَادٌ مَكْفُورٌ Ashes upon which the wind has swept the dust so that it has covered them. (S.) See also مُكَفَّرٌ.

مُتَكَفِّرٌ: see كَافِرٌ.

كفل كفن كفى See Supplement

نبث

1 نَبَثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَبْثٌ; (and ↓ انتبث, K;) i. q. نَبَشَ; (Az, S, K;) i. e., He dug with the hand. (Az, S.) b2: نَبَثَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَبْثٌ, He took forth, or dug out, dust, or earth, from a well or a river. (L.) b3: نَبَثُوا عَنِ الأَمْرِ (tropical:) They searched, or sought, for, or after, the thing; inquired respecting it; sought for information respecting it; searched into, inquired into, investigated, scrutinized, or examined, it. (TA.) A2: نَبَثَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. نَبْثٌ, (tropical:) He was angry. (K.) 6 تَنَابَثُوا عَنِ الأَسْرَارِ (tropical:) They searched into each other's secrets. (A.) 8 انتبث: see 1. b2: He took; received into his hand. (K.) b3: He tucked up the skirts of his shirt, or the like, when sitting on the ground. (K.) b4: It (سَوِيق or the like) increased in size (رَبَا) in the water: (K:) as also انتبذ. (TA.) 10 استنبث أَخَاهُ عَنْ سِرِّهِ (tropical:) He examined his brother respecting his secret. (A.) نَبَثٌ A trace, vestige, or mark: (K:) a trace, or mark, of digging: (A:) pl. أَنْبَاثٌ. (TA.) b2: مَا رَأَيْتُ لَهُ عَيْنًا وَلَا نَبَثًا I saw not the man himself, or the thing itself, nor any trace of him, or it. (L.) b3: See نَبِيثٌ.

نَبِيثٌ The dust that an animal digs up with its feet in running. (IAar.) b2: ↓ نَبِيثَةٌ (S, K) and نَبِيثٌ and ↓ نَبَثٌ (L) The dust, or earth, that is taken forth, or dug out, from a well or a river: (S, L, K:) pl. of the first, نَبَائِثُ. (A.) b3: نَبِيثٌ and ↓ مَنْبُوثٌ Earth, or dust, taken forth, or dug out, from a well or a river. (L.) b4: سَبُعٍ ↓ نَبيثَةُ Flesh-meat buried by a beast of prey against the time of want. (IAth, from a trad.) A2: نَبِيثٌ A species of sea-fish; accord. to IAar; but it is also said, on his authority, that it is called يَنْبِيثٌ; therefore it seems that one of these two words is a mistake for the other, or that they are two dial. forms. See also بَيْنِيثٌ, in art. بنث. (TA.) A3: خَبِيثٌ نَبِيثٌ (tropical:) Very bad, evil, wicked, or corrupt: (K:) applied to a man: (TA:) the latter word is an imitation sequent to the former. (S, and some copies of the K.) A4: أَبْدَى نَبِيثَةَ القَوْمِ, and نَبَائِثَهُمْ, (tropical:) [He revealed the elicited secret of the people, and their elicited secrets]. (A.) b2: بَيْنَهُمْ شَحْنَآءُ وَنَبَائِثُ (tropical:) [Between them are enmity and secrets elicited]. (A.) نَبِيثَةٌ: see نَبِيث.

أَنْبُوثَةٌ A certain game (played by children, TA,) in which something is buried in a hole dug in the ground, and he who takes it forth wins the game. (K.) مَنْبُوثٌ: see نَبِيثٌ.

ظَهَرَتْ مَنَابِثُهُمْ وَلَمْ تَخْفَ خَبَائِثُهُمْ (tropical:) [The occasions for the scrutiny of their conduct appeared, and their evil qualities were not hidden]. (A.)

قوس

1 قَاسَ الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرهِ, and عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. قَوْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ, (S,) i. q. قَاسَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. قَيْسٌ (S, K *) and قِيَاسٌ; (S;) i. e., He measured the thing by another thing like it; [both in the proper sense and mentally; but the latter verb is the more common, though the former, accord. to the JK, is the original;] (S, TA;) and so الشَّىْءَ بِغَيْرِهِ ↓ اقتاس: (S, K: *) but you should not say ↓ أَقَسْتُهُ for قُسْتُهُ or قِسْتُهُ. (S.) A2: قَوِسَ: see 5.2 قَوَّسَ see 5, in two places.

A2: قوّسهُ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ, He made it bowed, or bent. (KL.) 4 أَقْوَسَ see 1: A2: and see 5.5 تقوّس It (a thing) became bowed, or bent; as also ↓ استقوس: (TA:) the ↓ latter is also said, tropically, of the moon when near the change [&c.]. (A, TA.) b2: (tropical:) He (an old man, S, A) became bowed, or bent; (A, * K;) as also ↓ قَوَّسَ, inf. n. تَقْوِيسٌ; (S, A, * Msb, K;) and ↓ استقوس; (S;) and ↓ اقوس: (A:) or he became bowed, or bent, in the back; as also ↓ قَوَّسَ; and ↓ استقوس; (TA;) and so ↓ قَوِسَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. قَوَسٌ. (K.) A2: تقوّس قَوْسَهُ He put his bow upon his back. (TA.) 8 إِقْتَوَسَ see 1. b2: يَقْتَاسُ بِأَبِيهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. إِقْتِيَاسٌ, (S,) (assumed tropical:) He follows the way of his father, and imitates him. (S, K.) 10 إِسْتَقْوَسَ see 5, in four places.

قَاسُ رُمْحٍ: see قِيسُ رُمْحٍ.

قَوْسٌ [A bow;] a certain thing, well known, (A, K,) with which one shoots: (M, TA:) of the fem. gender: (IAmb, M, Msb:) or masc. and fem.: (S, Msb:) or sometimes masc.: (A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَقْوَاسٌ (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K) and أَقْيَاسٌ, (TA, and so in some copies of the K, in the place of the former,) the ى being interchangeable with the و, (TA,) and [of mult.] قِسِىٌّ, (S, A, Msb, K,) originally قُوُوسٌ, (S, TA,) which is not used, (TA,) of the neasure فُعُولٌ, (S, Msb,) first changed to قُسُوٌّ, of he measure فُلُوعٌ, and then to قِسِىٌّ, of the measure فِلِيعٌ, like عِصِىٌّ, (S,) and قُسِىٌّ, (Fr, Sgh, K,) from the same original, (TA,) [like عُصِىٌّ,] and قِيَاسٌ, (IAmb, S, A, Msb, K,) which is more agreeable with analogy than قسىّ. (TA.) The dim. is قُوَيْسٌ, (IAmb, M, Msb, K,) without ة, contr. to rule, as the word is fem., (M, TA,) and قُوَيْسَةٌ, (IAmb, Msb, K,) sometimes: (IAmb, Msb:) or the former accord. to those who make قوس to be masc., (S,) and the latter accord. to those who make it to be fem. (S, Msb.) It is prefixed to another word to give it a special signification. Thus you say, قَوْسُ نَبْلٍ An Arabian bow. And قَوْسُ نُشَّابٍ A Persian bow. And قَوْسُ حُسْبَانٍ [A bow for shooting a certain kind of short arrows]. and قَوْسُ جُلَاهِقٍ [A cross-bow]. And قَوْسُ نَدْفٍ [A bow for loosening and separating cotton]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence the saying,] فُلَانٌ لَا يَمُدُّ قَوْسَهُ أَحَدٌ [Such a one, no one will pull his bow;] i. e., (tropical:) no one will vie with him, or compete with him. (A, TA.) And رَمَوْنَا عَنْ قَوْسٍ وَاحِدٍ, (A, TA,) or وَاحِدَةٍ, (Mgh,) [lit., They shot at us from one bow: meaning, (tropical:) they were unanimous against us;] a proverb denoting agreement. (Mgh.) [In the Msb, رَمَوْهُمْ and وَاحِدَةٍ.] And هُوَ مِنْ خَيْرِ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا; (S, L, K; except that in the L and K, for قويس, we find قَوْسٍ;) (tropical:) [He is of the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he is one of the best arrows of a little bow;] or صَارَ خَيْرَ قُوَيْسٍ سَهْمًا (A, K) (tropical:) [He became the best of a little bow, as an arrow; i. e., he became the best arrow of a little bow:] a proverb [See Arab. Prov. i. 718] applied to him who has become mighty after being of mean condition: (A:) or to him who opposeth thee and then returns to doing what thou likest. (A, K.) [Hence also the phrase in the Kur, liii. 9,] فَكَانَ قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ And he was at the distance of two Arabian bows: or two cubits [this is app. an explanation by one who holds قَابَ قَوْسَيْنِ to be for قَابَىَ قَوْسٍ:] (K:) or the meaning is, قَابَىْ قَوْسٍ, i. e., [at the distance of the measure of] the two portions between the part of a bow that is grasped by the hand and each of the curved extremities. (TA.) See also art. قوب. b3: القَوْسُ (assumed tropical:) [The Sign of Sagittarius; also called الرَّامِى;] one of the signs of the zodiac; (S, K;) namely, the ninth thereof. (TA.) b4: قَوْسُ قُزَحَ The rainbow: the two words are inseparable. (TA.) See قزح. b5: قَوْسُ الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) The bowed, or bent, part of the back of a man. (IAar.) b6: أَقْوَاسُ البَعِيِر (tropical:) The anterior ribs of the camel. (A.) b7: Also قَوْسٌ (tropical:) What remains, of dates, (S, A, * K,) in the [receptacle called] جُلَّة, (S,) or in the bottom thereof, (K,) or in the sides thereof, like a bow: (A:) or, accord. to Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh, the fourth part of the جُلَّة, of dates; like رِزْمَةٌ: (TA in art. رزم:) in this sense, also, it is fem.: or a number of dates collected together: pl. as above. (TA in the present art.) A2: Also, A cubit: (S, K:) sometimes used in this sense: (S:) because a thing is measured (يُقَاسُ) with it. (K.) قِيسُ رُمْحٍ and قَاسُ رُمْحٍ The measure of a spear. (Msb, in this art.; and S, K, in art. قيس.) قَوَّاسٌ A hewer, or fashioner, of bows; and so, perhaps, قَيَّاسٌ. (TA.) قُسَوِىٌّ is the rel. n. from قِسِىٌّ, [pl. of قَوْسٌ,] because it is [before its last change] of the measure فُلُوعٌ changed from the measure فُعُولٌ. (S.) أَقْوَسُ Having a bowed, or bent, back. (S, K.) b2: Sand that is elevated (K, TA) like a hoop or ring. (TA.) مِقْوَسٌ A bow-case. (S, K.) A2: A horse-course; a race-ground: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) a place whence horses run (K) for a race; (TA;) i. e., (so in the K accord. to the TA,) a rope at which the horses are placed in a row (S, A, K) on the occasion of racing, (S, K,) in the place whence they run: (A:) or the extended rope from which the horses are started: (JK:) also called مقيص: the pl. is مَقَاوِسُ. (TA.) Hence the saying, عُرِضَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى المِقْوَسِ [Such a one has been put to the starting-rope]; meaning, (tropical:) such a one has been tried, or proved, by use, practice, or experience. (A, TA.) And فُلَانٌ عَلَى مِقْوَسٍ, i. e., عَلَى حِفَاظٍ

[app. meaning, (assumed tropical:) Such a one is intent upon defending his honour or the like]. (Lth, L.) مُقَوَّسٌ and مُقَوِّسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسٌ.

مُتَقَوِّسٌ (assumed tropical:) An eyebrow [or other thing] likened to a bow; as also ↓ مُسْتَقْوِسٌ (K) and ↓ مُقَوَّسٌ: (TA:) ↓ the second of these epithets is also applied, in the same sense, or like a bow, to a gutter round a tent, and the like. (TA.) b2: Also, A man bowed, or bent; and so ↓ مُقَوِّسٌ. (TA.) A2: Also, (K,) or مُتَقَوِّسٌ قَوْسَهُ, (S,) A man having with him his bow. (S, K. *) مُسْتَقْوِسٌ: see مُتَقَوِّسُ, in two places.

قذف

1 قَذَفَ بِالْحِجارَةِ وَغَيْرِهَا

, aor. قَذِفَ

, inf. n. قَذْفٌ, He threw stones, &c. (Msb.) b2: قَذَفَ بِهِ He cast it; cast it forth; namely, an arrow, and a pebble, and speech, and anything. (Lth, TA.) It may sometimes be rendered He shed it; as, for instance, light into the heart, said of God. b3: يَقْذِفُ بِالحَقِّ (Kur, xxxiv. 47,) He (God) uttereth truth. (Zj, TA.) b4: قَذَفَ بِالسَّهْمِ He shot the arrow. (Lth, TA.) b5: قَذَفَ He reproached, upbraided, reviled, vilified, defamed, or gave a bad name to, a chaste woman: (MA:) he reproached, upbraided, &c. another; syn. شَتَمَ. (JK.) Used tropically, قَذَفَهُ is most correctly rendered (tropical:) He cast at him an accusation: but it is commonly used and expl. as syn. with شَتَمَهَ q. v. b6: قَذَفَ He charged, reproached, or upbraided, (رَمَى,) a chaste, or an honest, or a married, woman, with adultery. (S, Msb, K.) b7: قَذَفَهَ بِهِ He aspersed him, reviled him; syn. شَتَمَهُ. (JK.) b8: قَذَفَهَ بِهِ He reproached, or upbraided, him with it; he accused him of it. (TA.) b9: Also, i. q. أَصَابَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) b10: وَيَقْذِفُونَ بِالغَيْبِ (Kur, xxxiv. 52,) They uttering conjectures, (Zj, TA,) or uttering conjecture; (Bd;) speaking of that which was hidden [from them], (Ksh,) of that which had not become apparent to them. (Bd.) b11: قُذِفَتْ بِاللَّحْمِ (assumed tropical:) She (a camel) became fat and plump. (TA, voce اُسْتُعْرِضَت.) b12: قَذَفَتْهُ القَوَاذِفُ: see طَوَّحَتْهُ الطَّوَائِحُ.

قُذُفٌ Land in which is no pasturage wherein cattle may freely range. (L, art. صح.) قَذَّافٌ i. q.

مَنْجَنِيقٌ: (Lth, K:) The kind of instrument with which a thing is thrown so that it goes far; n. un. with ة. (Aboo-Kheyreh, K.) See مَرْجَامٌ and مِرْجَمَةٌ. b2: قُذَّافَهٌ A sling: pl. قُذَّافَاتٌ. (MA.) قَوَاذِفُ

: see طَوَائِحُ; and طَوَّحَتْهُ الطَّوَائِحُ.

مَقَاذِفُ

: see مَطَاوِحُ: Places of perdition; syn. مَهَالِكُ. (TA.)

رغب

1 رَغِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (JK, TA) and رَغْبَى (JK) [and app. رَغَبٌ &c. as in the next sentence but one], He desired a thing [app. in an absolute sense, agreeably with what follows in the next sentence but one: and also,] vehemently, eagerly, greedily, very greedily, with avidity, excessively, or culpably; he coveted a thing, longed for it, or lusted after it. (TA.) رَغَبُ النَّفْسِ means The [soul's] hoping largely, and desiring much. (TA.) b2: رَغِبَ فِيهِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and رَغِبَهُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (S, A, * Mgh, K) and رَغَبٌ (S, Msb) and رَغْبٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and رُغْبٌ (K) and رُغْبَى (A, * Msb) and رَغْبَى (Msb) and رَغْبَآءُ, (A, * Msb,) He desired it, or wished for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also فيه ↓ ارتغب. (S, K.) You say, مَا لِى فِيهِ رَغْبَةٌ and رُغْبَى and رَغْبَآءُ [I have not any desire, or wish, for it]. (A.) and رُهْبَاكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رُغْبَاكَ, i. e. The fearing thee is better than the loving thee; رهباك being an inf. n. prefixed to an objective complement; and so رغباك: and said to mean, thy being given a thing through fear of thee is better than through desire: a prov., similar to رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ. (Meyd. [Freytag explains it otherwise: see his Arab. Prov. i. 542.]) b3: رَغِبَ عَنْهُ He did not desire it, or wish for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) he shunned, or avoided, it; abstained from it; (S, TA;) or left it, relinquished it, or forsook it, (JK, S, TA,) intentionally. (JK, TA.) b4: رَغِبَ

إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. رَغَبٌ (K) and رَغْبٌ and رُغْبٌ (TA) and رُغْبَى (Mgh, * K) and رَغْبَى (K) and رَغْبَآءُ (A, * K) and رَغْبَةٌ (Mgh, * TA) and رُغْبَةٌ and رَغَبَةٌ and رَغَبُوتٌ, and رَغَبُوتَى and رَغَبَانٌ, (K,) He made petition to him, addressed a petition to him, asked him, petitioned him, sought of him, or demanded of him: (TA:) or he prayed to him, or supplicated him, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or he humbled, or abased, himself, and made petition to him. (K, A, TA.) You say, رَغِبَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فِى كَذَا He made petition to such a one, petitioned him, or asked him, for such a thing. (TA.) And إِلَى

اللّٰهِ أَرْغَبُ To God I humble, or abase, myself, and make petition; syn. أَضْرَعُ: and إِلَيْهش أَرْفَعُ رَغْبَتِى

[To Him I raise my humble petition]. (A.) and الرُّهْبَى مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَالرُّغْبَى إِلَيْهِ [Fear should be of God; (not of a creature;) and petition, &c., should be to Him]. (Lth, TA in art. رهب.) See also another ex. in a verse cited voce رَغِيبَةٌ. b5: رَغِبَ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْهُ [lit. He made himself to be not desirous of, or to shun, or abstain from, or leave, him, or it; the ب having the same effect as in ذَهَبَ بِهِ &c.; and hence,] he held himself above, or superior to, him, or it. (K.) And رَغِبْتُ بِفُلَانٍ عَنْ هٰذَا I made such a one to shun, abstain from, or leave, this, disliking it for him. (MF.) A2: رَغُبَ (assumed tropical:) It (anything) was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also 6.]) You say, رَغُبَ الوَادِى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رُغْبٌ and رُغُبٌ (K) and رَغَابَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The valley was large and wide, taking, or receiving, much water. (K, * TA.) And رَغُبَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ [&c.], (assumed tropical:) The land was soft (S, TA) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (TA:) or (S, TA) took much water; (TA;) was such as would not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence,] رَغُبَ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ (S, K *) and رُغُبٌ, (K, * TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, voracious, a great eater; (K, TA;) very greedy, or gluttonous; (S, K, TA;) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods, and one who made himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or as some say, large in his hopes, and desirous of much. (TA.) Accord. to the T, رُغْبُ البَطْنِ signifies (assumed tropical:) Voracity: and رُغْبٌ, alone, as occurring in a trad., is explained as meaning capaciousness of the belly, and voracity. (TA.) And رَغُبَ رَأْيُهُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, liberal, or bountiful, and large in opinion or judgment. (A.) 2 رغّبهُ فِى شَىْءٍ, [inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ,] He made him to desire, or wish for, a thing; (S, * MA, K; *) as also فيه ↓ ارغبهُ. (S, * K: *) both signify the same. (S.) You say, رَغَّبْتُهُ فِى صُحْبَتِهِ [I made him to desire, or wish for, his companionship]. (A.) b2: And رغّبهُ, inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ; (IAar, TA;) and رغّب إِلَيْهِ; (TA;) He gave him what he desired, or wished for. (IAar, TA.) b3: [رغّب is also said by Golius to signify Cupivit avide et expetivit; as on the authority of the KL: but this signification is not in my copy of that work, nor do I find it in any other lexicon.]3 راغب is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, and by Freytag after him, to signify Cupiditatem monstravit: but it is not mentioned in any sense in my copy of the KL, nor have I found it in any other lexicon.]4 أَرْغَبَ see 2. b2: [ارغبهُ app. signifies also He made it wide, or ample. b3: And hence,] أَرْغَبَ اللّٰهُ قَدْرَكَ means (tropical:) May God enlarge thy power, and make its steps to extend far. (A, TA.) 6 تراغبوا فِيِه They vied, one with another, in desiring it; or they desired it with emulation; syn. تنافسوا فيه. (A and TA in art. نفس.) b2: تراغب المَكَانُ (assumed tropical:) The place was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also رَغُبَ.]) 8 إِرْتَغَبَ see 1, third sentence.

رَغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ, second sentence.

رُغُبٌ: see رَغَابٌ, and رَعِيبٌ; with both of which it is synonymous. b2: It is also a pl. of the latter, (L in art. أسد,) and of رَغِبٌ. (TA.) رَغْبَةٌ A desire, or wish: pl. رَغَبَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence, قَلَّتْ رَغَبَاتُ النَّاسِ [The desires, or wishes, of the people, or of mankind, became few]. (Mgh.) b2: See also رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغْبَى: see رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغَبُوتٌ, an epithet applied to a man, [signifying One who makes petition; who asks, petitions, seeks, or demands: or who prays, or supplicates, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or who humbles, or abases, himself, and makes petition: originally an inf. n. of رَغِبَ إِلَيْهِ; or] from الرَّغْبَةُ. (S, TA. [In one copy of the former erroneously written رَغَبُوبٌ; in another, رَغْبُوبٌ; and in another, omitted.]) رُغْبَانَةٌ The [knot called] سَعْدَانَة of a sandal; (K;) i. e. the knot beneath the [appertenance called] شِسْع [which passes through the sole and between two of the toes, and to which the شِرَاكَ, also called زِمَام, is attached]. (TA.) أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ (A'Obeyd, ISk, S, K) and ↓ رُغُبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) Land that is soft, (A'Obeyd, S, K, TA,) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (K, TA:) or (S, K, TA) that takes much water; (TA;) that will not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (ISk, S, K, TA.) رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) Wide, or ample; applied in this sense to a watering-trough or tank, and to a skin for water or milk, (S, TA,) &c.: pl. رِغَابٌ (TA) and رُغُبٌ. (L in art. أسد.) You say also ↓ طَرِيقٌ رَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide road: pl. رُغُبٌ. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ

↓ مُرَاغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide, or an ample, place. (TA.) And ↓ وَادٍ رُغُبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide valley; (TA;) [and] so وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ: (JK:) or (tropical:) a wide valley, that takes much water; as also رَغِيبٌ; (AHn, K;) contr. of وَادٍ زهِيدٌ. (TA.) And طَعْنَةٌ رَغِيبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide wound inflicted with a spear or the like. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide sword, that inflicts a large wound. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man, or other animal, (K,) having a capacious inside, or belly: (S, K:) pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Voracious; a great eater: (A, K: [but accord. to the former, not tropical in this sense:]) desirous of much eating: (Msb:) very greedy, or gluttonous: (S, K: [see also رِغِّيبٌ:]) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods; and one who makes himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or large in his hopes, and desirous of much: (TA:) and رَغِيبُ الجَوْفِ a man who is a great eater; (TA;) or capacious in the inside, or belly, and a great eater: (JK:) and بَطْنٌ رَغِيبٌ a belly that devours much. (Ham p. 418.) b4: هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ, (T and A and TA in art. زهد,) and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ, (A in that art.,) (assumed tropical:) He is not content but with much; contr. of هو زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, (T and A in that art.,) and of لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ. (A in that art.) [رَعِيبُ العَيْنِ has a different meaning: see art. رعب.] b5: فَرَسٌ رَغِيبُ الشَّحْوَةٍ (S, in a copy of the A and in the TA الشحو,) (tropical:) A horse of wide step, that takes a large space of ground (A, TA) with his legs: pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b6: إِبِلٌ رِغَابٌ, the latter word being the pl. form, (assumed tropical:) Camels yielding a copious supply of milk, and very profitable. (IAth, TA) And (assumed tropical:) Many camels. (TA.) b7: حِمْلٌ رَغِيبٌ and ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A heavy load. (TA.) رَغِيبَةٌ A thing desired, or wished for; (K;) as also ↓ رَغْبَةٌ: (Ham p. 501:) a thing of high account or estimation; that is desired, or wished for: pl. رَغَائِبُ. (A, Mgh.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَوَهُوبٌ, لِكُلِّ رَغِيبَةٍ, i. e. [Verily he is a liberal giver] of everything that is desired. (TA.) [And ↓ رَغْبَى

has a similar meaning; for] you say also, أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ الرَّغْبَى, i. e. I obtained from him abundance of what I desired. (TA.) b2: A large gift: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. as above. (S, Mgh, Msb.) A poet (En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, TA) says, وَمَتَى تُصِبْكَ خَصَاصَةٌ فَارْجُ الغِنَى

وَإِلَى الَّذِى يُعْطِى الرَّغَائِبَ فَارْغَبِ [And when poverty befalls thee, then hope thou for competence, and to Him who gives large gifts humble thyself, and make petition]. (S, * TA.) b3: And A large recompense that one desires to obtain [in the world to come] by prayer: (El-Kilábee, TA:) or that which is wished for by one who has large hope and who desires much: whence the prayer called صَلَاةُ الرَّغَائِبِ [generally said to be a supererogatory prayer]. (TA.) الرُّغَابَى, like الرُّغَامَى (JK, K) and الرُّعَامَى, (TA,) What is called the زِيَادَة of the liver. (JK, K.) رِغِّيبٌ Very, or intensely, or exceedingly, desirous of much eating. (Msb.) [See also رَغِيبٌ.]

رَاغِبٌ Desiring, or wishing; (K;) [as in the phrase رَاغِبٌ فِى كَذَا desiring, or wishing for, such a thing;] and so ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ. (TA.) مَرْغَبٌ [A place, or time, of desire or wish: and hence, an object thereof]. You say, خَطَبَ فَأَصَابَ المَرْغَبَ [app. meaning He demanded a woman in marriage, and attained the object of desire]. (A.) مُرْغِبٌ (tropical:) Possessing competence or sufficiency; rich, or wealthy; (K, TA;) possessing much property. (JK, TA.) مَرْغَبَةٌ: see مَرَاغِبُ.

مَرْغُوبٌ فِيهِ Desired, or wished for. b2: مَرْغُوبٌ عَنْهُ Not desired, &c. b3: مَرْغُوبٌ إِلَيْهِ Petitioned, &c.: see an ex. voce مَرْهُوبٌ.]

هُوَ مُرَغَّبٌ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا To him are allowed, or permitted, such and such things; like مُسَعَّبٌ and مُسَغَّبٌ. (TA in art. سعب.) مَرَاغِبُ [lit. Causes of desire; sing., if used, ↓ مَرْغَبَةٌ, a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.: and hence,] things that are eagerly desired, or coveted; syn. أَطْمَاعٌ [which also signifies soldiers' stipends, or allowances]: (TA:) and (TA) things that are desired to be gained for subsistence, or sustenance; i. q. مضطربات لِلْمَعَاشِ. (K, TA. [In the CK, the former of the two nouns in this explanation is مُضْطَرِبات: in two MS. copies of the K, it is without the syll. signs: the right reading is evidently مُضْطَرَبَات, syn. with مُكْتَسَبَات: Freytag renders the explanation personæ quæ in rebus quæ spectant ad victum perturbatæ et anxiæ sunt; deriving this meaning from the rendering in the TK: Golius, with a near approach to correctness, renders it res ad sustentandam vitam necessariæ; but he has given this explanation as on the authority of J, by whom it is not mentioned; and has put مَرَاغِبٌ for مَرَاغِبُ.]) مُرَاغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ.

مُرْتَغِبٌ: see رَاغِبٌ. b2: See also رَغِيبٌ, last sentence. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) A large, big, bulky, or corpulent, man. (JK.)