رفع

1 رَفَعَهُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He raised it: [this is generally the best rendering, as it serves to indicate several particular significations which will be found explained in what follows:] he elevated it; upraised it; uplifted it: he took it up: contr. of خَفَضَهُ: (Msb:) or of وَضَعَهُ: (S, Mgh, K:) as also ↓ رفّعهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ; (TA;) and ↓ ارتفعهُ; (K;) for accord. to the “ Nawádir,” you say, ارتفعهُ بِيَدِهِ and رَفَعَهُ [he raised it, lifted it, heaved it, or took it up, with his hand]; but Az says that ارتفع is intrans., and that he has heard no authority for its being trans., in the sense of رَفَعَ, except that which he had read in the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb:” (TA:) رَفْعٌ is sometimes applied to corporeal things, meaning the raising, or elevating, a thing from the resting-place thereof: sometimes to a building, meaning the rearing it, uprearing it, or making it high or lofty: (Er-Rághib:) or in relation to corporeal things, it is used properly to denote motion, and removal: (Msb:) it signifies the putting away or removing or turning back a thing after the coming or arriving thereof; like as دَفْعٌ signifies the putting away or removing or turning back a thing before the coming or arriving [thereof]: (Kull p. 185:) but in relation to ideal things, it is [tropically used, as it is also in many other cases, and] accorded in meaning to what the case requires. (Msb.) [In its principal senses, proper and tropical, رَفْعٌ agrees with the Latin Tollere..] It is said in the Kur [ii. 60 and 87], رَفَعْنَا فَوْقَكُمُ الطُّورَ We raised above you from its resting-place the mountain: and in the same [xii. 2], اَللّٰهُ الَّذِى رَفَعَ السَّمٰوَاتِ بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ تَرَوْنَهَا [God is He who raised the heavens without pillars that ye see; or, as ye see them]: and in the same [ii. 121], وَإِذْ يَرْفَعُ إِبْرٰهِيمُ القَوَاعِدَ مِنَ البَيْتِ [And when Abraham] was rearing or uprearing or making high or lofty [the foundations of the House of God, at Mekkeh]. (Er-Rághib.) And you say, اِرْفَعْ هٰذَا Take thou this: (Mgh:) or take it and carry it [away; or take it up and remove it]. (TA.) And رَفَعَ الزَّرعَ, (Lh, K,) or رَفَعَهُ إِلَى البَيْدَرِ, (Msb,) aor. ـَ (Lh,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ (Lh, S) and رِفَاعَةٌ and رِفَاعٌ [perhaps a mistranscription for رَفَاعُ, which see below], (Lh, TA,) He removed, or transported, the seed-produce from the place in which he had reaped it, (Lh,) or carried it after the reaping, (S, K,) to the place in which the grain was to be trodden out. (Lh, S, K.) [This last signification is said in the TA to be tropical; but according to a passage of the Msb quoted in the first sentence of this art., it is proper. In most of the phrases here following, the verb is undoubtedly used tropically.] b2: رَفَعُوا إِلَىَّ عُيُونَهُمْ (tropical:) [They raised towards me their eyes]. (TA.) b3: دَخَلْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ فَلَمْ يَرْفَعْ بِى

رَأْسًا (Mgh, TA *) (tropical:) I went in to such a one, and he did not look towards me, nor pay any regard, or attention, to me. (Mgh.) [بِى is not here a mistake for لِى, for the phrase is often found thus written.] b4: رُفِعَ لِىَ الشَّىْءُ (assumed tropical:) [The thing was, as it were, raised into view, i. e. it rose into view, to me;] I saw the thing from afar. (TA.) b5: رَفَعَ السَّرَابُ الشَّخْصَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (tropical:) The mirage raised, or elevated [to the eye, (see an ex. near the end of the first paragraph of art. زول)] the figure of a man or some other thing seen from a distance; [or it may be allowable to render it, made it to appear tall, and as though quivering, vibrating, or playing up and down;] syn. زَهَاهُ [of which, when it relates to the mirage, the meaning is best expressed by the latter of the two explanations here given]. (TA.) b6: وَرَفَعْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ فَوْقَ بَعْضٍ دَرَجَاتٍ, in the Kur [xliii. 31], means (assumed tropical:) And we have exalted some of them above others in degrees of rank, or station: and نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَاتٍ

مَنْ نَشَآءُ, in the same, [vi. 83, and xii. 76,] (assumed tropical:) We exalt in degrees of rank, or station, whom We please: (Er-Rághib:) and وَاللّٰهُ يَرْفَعُ مَنْ يَشَآءُ وَيَخْفِضُ (assumed tropical:) And God exalteth whom He pleaseth, and abaseth: (S and TA:) and [in like manner,] رَفْعُ الذِّكْرِ means the exalting of one's fame; as in the Kur xciv. 4. (Er-Rághib.) But the words, وَإِلَى السَّمَآءِ كَيْفَ رُفِعَتْ, in the Kur [lxxxviii. 18], indicate two meanings; And to the heaven, how it is elevated in respect of its place; and (assumed tropical:) how it is exalted in respect of excellence, and exaltation of rank. (Er-Rághib.) [In like manner also,] فِى بُيُوتٍ أَذِنَ اللّٰهُ أَنْ تُرْفَعَ, in the Kur [xxiv. 36], means In houses which God hath permitted to be built; (Bd, TA;) accord. to some: (TA:) or, (assumed tropical:) to be honoured; (Zj, Bd;) so says El-Hasan; (Zj;) or, (assumed tropical:) to be exalted in estimation. (Er-Rághib.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَرْفَعُ العَدْلَ وَيَخْفِضُهُ (assumed tropical:) Verily God exalteth the just, and maketh him to have the ascendency over the unjust, and at one time abaseth him, so that He maketh the unjust to overcome him, in order to try his creatures, in the present world. (Az, TA.) [See also art. خفض.] And you say, رَفَعَهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فِى المَجْلِسِ (assumed tropical:) He advanced him above his companion [in the sitting-place, or sitting-room, or assembly]. (TA.) And رَفَعْتُكَ عَنْ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [I exalted thee, or held thee, above such a thing]: (M voce رَبَأَ:) and إِنِّى لَأَرْفَعْكَ عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I exalt thee, or hold thee, above this thing]. (S voce رَبَأَ, q. v.) b7: رَفَعَ اللّٰهُ عَمَلَهُ (assumed tropical:) [God honoured his work by acceptance; or] God accepted his work. (Msb.) It is said in the Kur [xxxv. 11], وَالْعَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ يَرْفَعُهُ (assumed tropical:) And righteous work He will accept: (Jel:) or the meaning is يَرْفَعُ العَمَلُ الصَّالِحُ الكَلِمَ الطَّيَّبَ (assumed tropical:) [righteous work will cause praise, or the like, (mentioned immediately before the above-cited words of the Kur,) to ascend, and obtain acceptance]: (Mujáhid, TA:) Katádeh says, [that the meaning is,] speech will not be accepted without work. (TA.) b8: رَفْعٌ Also signifies (assumed tropical:) The bringing a thing near; or presenting, or offering, it; syn. تَقْرِيبٌ. (S.) And hence, رَفَعْتُهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ, (S, Mgh, K,) and إِلَى الحَكَمِ, (TA,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ (S, * TA) and رُفْعَانٌ (S, K) and رِفْعَانٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) I presented him to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the Sultán, (S, * Mgh, * K, * TA,) and the judge, to arraign him and contest with him: (TA:) and إِلَى الحَاكِمِ ↓ رَافَعَهُ, (S K,) inf. n. مُرَافَعَةٌ, (TA,) [in like manner] signifies (tropical:) he preferred a complaint against him to the governor, or judge: (K:) or (tropical:) he presented him to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the governor, or judge, to arraign him and contest with him, and preferred a complaint against him: (TA:) [or it denotes the doing so mutually; for, accord. to Mtr,] خَصْمَهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ ↓ رَافَعَ signifies (tropical:) he brought his adversary before the Sultán (قَرَّبَهُ

إِلَيْهِ), the latter doing the same with him. (Mgh.) [See also 2.] b9: رَفَعَ القُرْآنَ عَلَى السُّلْطَانِ (tropical:) [He adduced, or brought forward, the Kur-án against the Sultán;] he interpreted the Kur-án against the Sultán, and judged thereby that he should rebel against him. (TA.) b10: رَفْعْتُ الرَّجُلَ also signifies (tropical:) I traced up the man's lineage to his greatest ancestor; or I mentioned his lineage, saying, He is such a one the son of such a one, or He is of such a tribe, or city, &c.; syn. نَمَيْتُهُ, and نَسَبْتُهُ. (TA.) b11: And hence, رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ

إِلَى النَّبِىِّ (tropical:) [He traced up, or ascribed, or attributed, the tradition to the Prophet, mentioning, in ascending order, the persons by whom it had been handed down, up to the Prophet; in the manner more fully explained in the sentence here next following]. (TA.) You say also, رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ إِلَى قَائِلِهِ, meaning أَسْنَدَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He traced up, or ascribed, or attributed, the tradition to the author thereof, by mentioning him, or by mentioning, uninterruptedly, in ascending order, the persons by whom it had been transmitted, up to the Prophet; or by mentioning the person who had related it to him from the Prophet if only one person intervened, saying, “Such a one told me, from such a one,” (and so on if more than one intervened between him and the Prophet,) “ from the Apostle of God; ” or with an interruption in the mention of the persons by whom it had been transmitted]. (S * and Msb in art. سند.) [And hence what next follows.] It is said in a trad., رَفَعَتْ إِلَيْنَا مِنَ البَلَاغِ ↓ كُلُّ رَافِعَةٍ

فَقَدْ حَرَّمْتُهَا أَنْ تُعْضَدَ أَوْتُخْبَطَ, (S, * TA, [in a very old and excellent copy of the former of which I find, as above, إِلَيْنَا, and so in some copies of the K and in the O and TA in art. بلغ; but in one copy of the S and in the TA in the present art., I find in its place عَلَيْنَا, and so in the CK in art. بلغ, where the verb preceding it is erroneously written رُفِعَتْ; and in the L, in the place of الينا is put عَنَّا; of all which three readings I prefer the first; though the last is agreeable with an explanation of رَفَعْتُهُ given in the Msb and in the sentence next following;]) i. e. (assumed tropical:) Every company of men (جَمَاعَة, S, TA), or person (نَفْس, TA), that communicates, or announces, from us, (S, TA,) and makes known, [lit. traces up to us,] what we say, (TA,) [or rather, aught of what is communicated, or announced,] or [aught] of what is communicated, or announced, of the Kur-án and of the [statutes, or ordinances, &c., termed]

سُنَن, (K in art. بلغ,) or the meaning is مِنْ ذَوِى

البَلَاغِ, i. e., التَّبْلِيغِ, [of those who have the office of communicating, or announcing,] the simple subst. being put in the place of the inf. n., (T, O, K, TA, all in art. بلغ,) let that company, or person, communicate, or announce, and relate, that I have forbidden [its trees' being lopped, or being beaten with a stick in order that their leaves may fall off,] referring to El-Medeeneh: (S, * TA:) but some relate it differently, saying, مِنَ البُلَّاغِ [of the communicaters, or announcers,] like حُدَّاث in the sense of مُحَدِّثُون: (TA:) and some say, مِنَ البِلَاغِ, meaning من المُبَالِغِينَ فِى التَّبْلِيغِ, i. e. of those who do their utmost in communicating, or announcing. (Hr, and K in art. بلغ.) b12: [Hence,] رَفَعْتُهُ [alone] signifies (tropical:) I made it known. (Msb.) You say, رَفَعَ عَلَيْهِ كَلَامًا (assumed tropical:) [He told, or related, a saying against him; informed against him]. (S and K voce رَقَّى, q. v.) And رَفَعَ عَلَى

العَامِلِ رَفِيعَةً (tropical:) He communicated, (S,) or made known, (Msb,) [or submitted, or referred,] a case [to the administrator of the law]; (S;) and إِلَى

الحَاكِمِ [to the governor, or judge]. (TA.) And رَفَعْتُ الأَمْرَ إِلَى السُّلْطِانِ, inf. n. رُفْعَانٌ, (tropical:) I made known [or submitted, or referred, by way of appeal,] the affair, or matter, to the Sultán. (Msb.) [See also 2.] b13: [And hence, app.,] رُفِعَتْ لَهُ غَايَةٌ فَسَمَا لَهَا (tropical:) [An object to be reached, or accomplished, was proposed to him, and he aspired to it]. (TA.) b14: رَفَعَ البَعِيرَ, (Sb, K,) and النَّاقَةَ, (TA,) or رَفَعَ النَّاقَةَ فِى السَّيْرِ, and الدَّابَّةَ, (M in art. نص,) inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (TA in that art.,) (tropical:) He made the camel, (S, Msb, K,) and the she-camel, (TA,) and the beast, (M ubi suprà,) to exert himself, or herself, to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure, in going, or pace; (S, K, TA;) or to go quickly; (Msb;) or to go with the utmost celerity: (TA in art. نص:) or constrained him, or her, to go the pace termed مَرْفُوع [q. v. infrà], (TA,) which is an inf. n. of the intrans. verb رَفَعَ [q. v. infrà] said of a camel (S, TA) and of a beast: (TA:) and ↓ رفّعهُ, (S, TA,) [and رفّعها,] and رفّع مِنْهُ, (TA,) [and مِنْهَا,] inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ, signify the same: (S, TA:) or the phrase used by the Arabs is اِرْفَعْ مِنْ دَابَّتِكَ (tropical:) [Make thou thy beast to exert itself, &c.]. (L, TA.) [You say also, app. in like manner, رَفَعَتْنِى

أَرْضٌ: or in this case the verb may have a different meaning: see an ex. in the first paragraph of art. خفض.] b15: [Hence,] رَفَعْتُهُ إِلَى حَدِّ مَا عِنْدَهُ مِنَ العِلْمِ (assumed tropical:) [I urged him to tell the utmost of what he knew;] (A in art. نص;) i. e. I went to the utmost point [with him] in questioning him, or asking him. (TA in that art.) b16: [رَفَعَ النَّارَ (assumed tropical:) He stirred up the fire; made it to burn up.]

b17: رَفَعَتِ النَّاقَةُ لَبَنَهَا (tropical:) The she-camel [drew up, or withdrew, or withheld, her milk; i. e.,] did not yield her milk: (A, TA:) and رَفَعَتِ اللِّبَأَ فِى

ضَرْعِهَا (tropical:) [She (a camel) drew up, & c., or refused to yield, the biestings in her udder]. (As, S, K.) b18: رَفَعَهُ فِى خِزَانَتِهِ, and صُنْدُوقِهِ, (tropical:) He kept it, preserved it, laid it up, stowed it, or reposited it, in his repository, store-room, or closet, and his chest. (TA.) b19: هُوَ لَا يَرْفَعُ العَصَا عَنْ عَاتِقِهِ, (Msb, TA,) or عَصَاهُ عن عاتقه, or عَنْ أَهْلِهِ, (Mgh,) (tropical:) [lit. He does not put away the staff, or stick, or his staff, or stick, from his shoulder, or from his wife,] is an allusion to discipline, chastisement, or punishment, (Mgh, TA,) or to severity thereof, (Msb,) and to beating (Mgh, TA) of women; (Mgh;) not meaning that the staff, or stick, is on the shoulder: (Msb:) or the first is an allusion to many journeyings. (TA.) b20: رُفِعَ القَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثٍ; (Mgh, Msb;) so in the “ Firdows,” on the authority of 'Alee and I' Ab and 'Áïsheh, meaning ثَلَاثِ

أَنْفُسٍ; (assumed tropical:) [The pen of the recording angel is withheld from three persons;] a saying of Mohammad, which means that nothing is recorded either for or against three persons; (Mgh, Msb; *) these three being the sleeper until he awakes, the afflicted with disease or the like, or the demented, until he recovers, and the child until he becomes big, or attains to puberty. (El-Jámi' -es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee; in which we find ثَلَاثَةٍ in the place of ثَلَاثٍ.) This is like the saying next before mentioned; the pen having never been put [to the tablet to record aught] against the child. (Msb.) b21: [رَفَعَ often signifies (assumed tropical:) He withdrew, put away, removed, did away or did away with, annulled, revoked, or remitted.] You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ ارْفَعْ عَنَّا هٰذِهِ الضُّغْطَةَ (assumed tropical:) [O God, withdraw, put away, or remove, from us this straitness, difficulty, distress, or affliction]. (S in art. ضغط.) [And in like manner also you say, رَفَعَ عَنْهُ العَذَابَ (assumed tropical:) He withdrew, or put away, from him the punishment; he annulled, revoked, or remitted, his punishment.] رَفَعُوا الحَرْبَ [may also be rendered in a similar manner; (assumed tropical:) They gave over, or relinquished, war; as though they put it away; like وَضَعُوهَا: but] is used by Moosà Ibn-Jábir [in the contr. sense, (assumed tropical:) they raised, or made, war;] in opposition to وضعوها. (Ham p. 180.) b22: اِخْتَلَفُوا فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ نَرْفَعُ طَرِيقًا وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ لَا نَرْفَعُ means (assumed tropical:) [They disagreed; and some of them said,] We will exclude a way, or passage, from among the portions, or shares, (قِسْمة, [q. v.,]) of the land, or the house; and [some of them said,] We will not exclude it. (Mgh.) b23: In the conventional language of the grammarians, رَفْعٌ, in the inflection of words, is like ضَمٌّ in the non-inflection. (S) [You say, رَفَعَ الحَرْفَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفْعٌ, (assumed tropical:) He made the final letter to have Bٌ or رَفُعَ in its inflection.]

A2: رَفَعَ القَوْمُ (tropical:) The people, or company of men, went up, or upwards, through the countries, or lands. (As, K, TA.) b2: رَفَعَ البَعِيرُ, (S, Msb, K,) فِى السَّيْرِ, (S,) or فِى سَيْرِهِ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. مَرْفُوعٌ (Sb, S, TA) and رَفْعٌ, (S, A, K, all in art. خفض,) the former an inf. n. (Sb, S, TA) of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (Sb, TA,) like [its contr. مَخْفُوضٌ, and] مَجْلُودٌ, and مَعْقُولٌ, (S, TA,) and مَوْضُوعٌ, (Sb, TA,) (tropical:) The camel exerted himself to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure, in going, or pace, or in his going, or his pace: (S, K, TA:) or was quick therein: (Msb:) or went the pace termed مَرْفُوع, [q. v. infrà,] which is a running below that termed حُضْر: (S, TA:) as though he had that [manner of going] which raised him, as well as that which lowered him. (Sb and TA with reference to the inf. n. مرفوع and موضوع.) And رَفَعُوا فِى مَسِيرِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) They [namely men] rose above the [easy and quick pace termed] هَمْلَجَة in their going, or journeying. (ISk.) A3: رَفُعَ, inf. n. رِفْعَةٌ; (S, K;) or, accord. to Aboo-Bekr Mohammad Ibn-Es-Sereé, [so in two copies of the S, but in others, accord. to the TA, Ibn-EsSarráj,] they did not say رَفُعَ from رَفِيعٌ in the sense of شَرِيفٌ; (S, O;) so says Sb; and he adds, but [they said] ↓ ارتفع; (TA;) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, in rank, condition, or state; (S, K, TA;) noble, honourable, glorious, or illustrious. (TA.) And رَفُعَ فِى حَسَبِهِ وَنَسَبِهِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, of high or exalted rank, or noble, or honourable, in his grounds of pretension to respect, and his relationship, or race, or lineage. (Msb.) b2: رَفُعَ الثَّوْبُ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, was fine, fine in texture, delicate, or thin. (Msb.) b3: رَفُعَ, (S, K,) inf. n. رَفَاعَةٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, high, or loud, (رَفِيع,) in voice. (S, K.) [See رَفَاعَةٌ below.]2 رفّعهُ, inf. n. تَرْفِيعٌ: see 1, in the first sentence. b2: He took it, namely, a thing, and raised it, (رَفَعَهُ,) the first [part thereof] and then the first [or next in succession]: En-Nábighah EdhDhubyánee says, خَلَّتْ سَبِيلَ أَتِىٍّ كَانَ يحْبِسُهُ وَرَفَّعَتْهُ إِلَى السِّجْفَيْنِ فَالنَّضَدِ [She had cleared the way of a torrent coming from another quarter, which it (meaning the barrier raised around the tent to keep away the torrent, which barrier is mentioned two verses before,) confined, and raised it by degrees, the first part and then the next, to the two curtains meeting together at the entrance of the tent, and then to the goods piled up therein: or the meaning here intended is, brought it forward, or advanced it; syn. قَدَّمَتْهُ; agreeably with the next explanation of رَفَّعَ here following: see some observations on the above-cited verse in De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd. ed., vol. ii. pp. 430 and 431]. (Lth, TA.) b3: رَفَّعَهُمْ He put them, brought them, or sent them, forward; or advanced them; لِلْحَرْبِ to the war, or fight: or, accord. to Ibn-'Abbád and the K, he put them, sent them, or removed them, far away; [app. meaning, far in advance;] فِى الحَرْبِ in the war, or fight. (TA.) You say also, رَفَّعْتُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ إِلَى الأَمِيرِ (assumed tropical:) I brought forward this affair, or matter, to the commander, governor, or prince. (From an Arabic note on the above-cited verse of En-Nábighah, cited by De Sacy, ubi suprà.) [See also 1, in two places in which reference is made to this paragraph.] b4: رفّع البَعِيرَ, and النَّاقَةَ, and رفّع مِنْهُ, and مِنْهَا: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

A2: رفّع الحِمَارُ, (Lth, K,) inf. n. as above, (Lth,) (assumed tropical:) The ass ran with a running of which one part was quicker (أَرْفَع) than another. (Lth, K.) 3 رافعهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ, inf. n. مُرَافَعَةٌ: and رافع خَصْمَهُ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: رَافَعَنِى فُلَانٌ وَخَافَضَنِى فَلَمْ أَفْعَلْ (tropical:) Such a one endeavoured in every way to induce me to turn or incline, or endeavoured in every way to turn me by deceit or guile, but I did not [that which he desired]. (K, * TA.) b3: رافع بِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) He spared them; or pardoned them, and forbore to slay them. (K.) And رَافَعْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) I left him; or left him unmolested; or left him, being left by him; or made peace, or reconciled myself, with him; syn. تَارَكْتُهُ. (TA.) 5 ترفّع (tropical:) He exalted himself; he was, or became, haughty, proud, or disdainful; syn. تَجَالَّ; (S in art. جل;) [and so فِى نَفْسِهِ ↓ ارتفع, occurring in the S in art. دكل, on the authority of Az.] You say, فُلَانٌ يَتَرَفَّعُ عَنْ ذٰلِكَ (S ubi suprà, TA *) (tropical:) Such a one exalts himself above that; holds himself above it; disdains it; or is disdainful of it; syn. يَتَجَالُّ. (S ubi suprà.) And تَرَفَّعَتْ بِى هِمَّتِى عَنْ كَذَا (tropical:) [My ambition raised me above such a thing; made me to hold myself above it, or to disdain it]. (TA.) b2: See also 8.6 تَرَافَعْنَا إِلَى الحَاكِمِ (tropical:) [Each of us preferred a complaint against the other to the governor, or judge: or each of us presented the other to, or brought him before, or brought him forward to, the governor, or judge, to arraign him and contest with him, and preferred a complaint against him: agreeably with explanations of the phrase رَافَعَهُ إِلَى الحَاكِمِ]: (S:) or each of us communicated, or made known, his case [against the other] to the governor, or judge. (TA.) 8 ارتفع It became raised; or it rose: it rose high, or became high or elevated or lofty: [it became raised, upraised, uplifted, or elevated, or it rose, from its resting-place: and, said of a building, it became reared, upreared, or made high or lofty:] it became taken up: [it became taken away, put away, or removed; or it went away; after its coming or arriving: thus when said of corporeal things: but when said of ideal things, it is tropically used, as it is also in many other cases, and accorded in meaning to what the case requires:] quasi-pass. of رَفَعَهُ as signifying the contr. of وَضَعَهُ. (S, K.) [See 1; first sentence.] b2: It (the water of a well) rose, by its becoming copious: and also it went away: (A in art. قلص:) [in which latter sense, likewise, it is said of milk in the udder; or as meaning it became drawn up, or withdrawn, or withheld: see 1. See also a usage of this verb voce رَقَأَ.] b3: (tropical:) Said of a man: see 1, voce رَفُعَ, near the end of the paragraph. b4: ارتفع قَدْرُهُ (tropical:) [His rank became high, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent]. (S, TA.) b5: اِرْتَفِعْ, said to a man entering a sittingplace, sitting-room, or assembly, means (tropical:) Advance thou: it is not from اِرْتِفَاعٌ denoting height. (TA.) b6: See also 5. b7: ارتفعت الضُّحَى (tropical:) [The morning became advanced; meaning] the sun became high: الضُّحَى being originally a pl., namely, of الضَّحْوَةُ; [wherefore the verb is fem.;] but afterwards used as a sing. [as in the next ex. here following]. (Msb.) You say also, الضُّحَى ↓ تَرَفَّعَ (tropical:) [meaning the same]. (TA.) And ارتفع النَّهَارُ (assumed tropical:) [The day became advanced, the sun being somewhat high: a phrase said by the doctors of the law in the present day to be employed when the sun has risen the measure of a رُمْح or more]. (S and K in art. متع; &c.) b8: ارتفع السِّعْرُ وَانْحَطَّ (tropical:) [The price rose, or advanced, and became low, or abated]. (TA.) b9: [ارتفعوا (assumed tropical:) They removed from, or to, a place. b10: ارتفع عَنْهُ, said of a disease, pain, an affliction, and the like, (assumed tropical:) It quitted him; became withdrawn from him.] b11: النَّقِيضَانِ لَا يَجْتَمِعَانِ وَلَا يَرْتَفِعَانِ (assumed tropical:) [What are termed نقيضان cannot be coexistent in the same thing, nor simul taneously nonexistent in the same thing]; as existence itself and nonexistence, and motion and rest. (Kull pp. 231 and 232.) A2: ارتفعهُ: see 1; first sentence.10 استرفعهُ He desired, required, demanded, or asked, that it should be raised, elevated, taken up, or removed. (K.) You say, استرفع الوَاعِظُ الأَيْدِىَ لِلدُّعَآءِ The preacher asked that the hands of the people should be raised for supplication. (TA.) b2: [And hence, as though meaning استرفع نَفْسَهُ i. e. It required that itself should be re moved,] استرفع الخُوَانُ (assumed tropical:) What was on the table became consumed, and it was time for it to be taken up, or removed. (K.) رَفْعٌ [see رَفَعَ, (of which it is the inf. n.,) throughout].

رِفْعَةٌ [see رَفُعَ, near the end of the first para graph: used as a simple subst., which it seems properly to be accord. to some of the lexicologists,] (tropical:) High, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, rank or condition or state; nobility, honourableness, gloriousness, or illustriousness; (TA;) as also ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, a subst. from رَفُعَ. (Msb.) هٰذِهِ أَيَّامُ رَفَاعٍ, and ↓ رِفَاعٍ; (AA, ISk, Az, S, Mgh, * Msb, * K;) but As disallows the latter; (TA;) and Ks says, I have heard الجِرَام and الجَرَام, and their coordinates, [such as الصِّرَام and الصَّرَام, &c.,] but الرفاع with kesr I have not heard; (S, TA;) These are days of removal, or transport, of seed-produce from the place in which it has been reaped, (TA,) or of carriage thereof after reaping, (S, Mgh, K,) to the place in which the grain is trodden out. (S, Mgh, K, TA.) [See 1, near the beginning.] b2: رَفَاعٌ, or ↓ رِفَاعٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or each, (TA,) also signifies The storing-up of seed produce. (K.) رِفَاعٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

رَفِيعٌ (tropical:) High, elevated, exalted, lofty, or eminent, in rank, condition, or state; noble, honourable, or glorious; (S, Msb, K, TA;) applied to a man: (S, Msb, TA:) fem. with ة. (TA.) You say, هُوَ رَفِيعُ الحَسَبِ وَالقَدْرِ (tropical:) [He is high, &c., in respect of grounds of pretension to honour, and of rank]. (TA.) And hence the phrase used by letter-writers, الجَنَابُ الرَّفِيعُ (tropical:) [The exalted object of recourse]. (TA.) Hence also the phrase in the Kur [xl. 15], رَفِيعُ الدَّرَجَاتِ (assumed tropical:) The Exalted in respect of degrees of dignity: (Er-Rághib:) or this means (assumed tropical:) Great in respect of attributes: or the Exalter of the degrees of dignity of the believers in Paradise. (Jel.) b2: Applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (assumed tropical:) Fine, fine in texture, delicate, or thin. (Msb.) b3: رَفِيعُ الصَّوْتِ (tropical:) [High, or loud, in voice]; (K, TA;) applied to a man. (TA.) b4: سَيْرٌ رَفِيعٌ (tropical:) [A pace in which a beast is made to exert itself to the full, or to the utmost, or beyond measure; or in which the utmost pos sible celerity is elicited: see رَفَعَ البَعِيرَ, in the latter half of the first paragraph: and see also مَرْفُوعٌ]. (K in art. نص.) رَفَاعَةٌ [an inf. n., (see 1, last sentence,)] and ↓ رُفَاعَةٌ, (ISk, S, K,) and ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, (Sgh, K,) (tropical:) [Highness, or loudness, or] vehemence, (K, TA,) in the voice, (ISk, S,) or of the voice. (K.) رُفَاعَةٌ A string (خَيْط) whereby he who is shackled (مُقَيَّد) raises his shackles (قَيْد), (Yoo, S, K,) to which that string is fastened; (TA;) as also ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ. (K.) b2: Also, (S, K,) and ↓ رِفَاعَةٌ, (Az, K,) A thing by means of which a woman having little flesh in the posteriors makes herself to appear large [in that part]; (S;) i. q. عُظَّامَةٌ: (K:) pl. رَفَائِعُ. (TA.) A2: See also رَفَاعَةٌ.

رِفَاعَةٌ: see رِفْعَةٌ: b2: and رَفَاعَةٌ: A2: and see also رُفَاعَةٌ, in two places.

رَفِيعَةٌ (tropical:) A case which one communicates, or makes known, to the administrator of the law: (S, TA:) pl. رَفَائِعُ. (TA.) You say, لِى عَلَيْهِ رَفِيعَةٌ (tropical:) [I have, against him, a case to communicate, or make known, &c., or which I have communicated, or made known, &c.]. (TA.) رَفَّاعٌ (tropical:) One who traces up traditions to the Prophet, or to his Companions; or who communicates them, or makes them known. (TA.) [See رَفَعَ الحَدِيثَ &c.]

رَافِعٌ act. part. n. of رَفَعَهُ; Raising; &c. (Msb, TA.) b2: الرَّافِعُ, one of the names of God, meaning (tropical:) The Exalter of the believer by prospering [him], and of his saints by teaching [them]. (TA.) خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ, in the Kur lvi. 3, is explained in art. خفض. b3: رَافِعَةٌ, for جَمَاعَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ, (S, TA,) or نَفْسٌ رَافِعَةٌ: (TA:) see a trad. (commencing with the words كُلُّ رَافِعَةِ) in the first paragraph of this art. b4: نَاقَةٌ رَافِعٌ (tropical:) A she-camel [drawing up, or withdrawing, or withholding, her milk; i. e.,] not yielding her milk: (A, TA:) or when she draws up, &c., or refuses to yield, (إِذَا رَفَعَتْ,) the biestings in her udder. (As, S, K.) [See also دَافِعٌ, to which it is opposed.]

A2: (tropical:) A man going up, or upwards, through the countries, or lands: pl. with ون. (TA.) b2: (tropical:) Lightning rising. (Lth, K, TA.) b3: رَوَافِعُ [pl. of رَافِعةٌ for جَمَاعَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ] (assumed tropical:) People going the pace termed مَرْفوع [on their camels or beasts]. (ISk.) b4: أَرْضٌ رَافِعَةُ السُّقْيَا (assumed tropical:) Land difficult of irrigation; contr. of خَافِضَةٌ السقيا. (TA in art. خفض.) رَافِعَةٌ [as a subst., or an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] A hard and elevated tract of land. (ISh, TA voce خَافِضَةٌ [which signifies the contr.]) [See also رَافِعٌ.]

أَرْفَعُ [Higher, or more elevated &c.: and highest, or most elevated &c.]. b2: أَرْفَعُ لِلْحَدِيثِ (tropical:) More skilled in tracing up, or ascribing, or attributing, a tradition to its author; i. q. أَنَصُّ, q. v. (TA in art. نص.) b3: عَدَا عَدْوًا بَعْضُهُ أَرْفَعُ مِنْ بَعَضٍ (assumed tropical:) [He ran with a running of which one part was quicker than another]; said of an ass. (Lth, K.) مَرْفَعٌ [A place of elevation: and hence, b2: ] A chair, or throne; syn. كُرْسِىٌّ: of the dial. of El Yemen. (TA.) مِرْفَعٌ A thing with which one raises, elevates, or takes up. (TA.) مَرْفُوعٌ pass. part. n. of رَفَعَهُ. b2: وَفُرُشٍ مَرْفُوعَةٍ, (S, K, *) in the Kur [lvi. 32], (S,) means [and beds raised] one upon another: (Fr, S, Bd, K:) or (assumed tropical:) of high estimation: (Bd:) or (tropical:) brought near to them: (S, K:) or wives elevated upon couches: (Bd:) or (assumed tropical:) honoured wives. (S, K.) b3: حَدِيثٌ مَرْفُوعٌ (tropical:) A tradition related by a Companion of the Prophet, and ascribed, or attributed, to the Prophet himself, by the mention of him as its author, or of the person, or persons, up to the Prophet, by whom it has been handed down. (Kull p. 152.) A2: It is also an inf. n.: [see رَفَعَ البَعِيرُ, in the latter half of the first paragraph:] and signifies (tropical:) A certain pace of a beast, (S, TA,) of a horse and of a camel; (L;) contr. of مَوْضُوعٌ; (S, TA;) and of مَخْفُوضٌ; (A in art. خفض;) it is a run below that termed حُضْر: (S, TA:) or above that which is termed مَوْضُوع, and below that which is termed عَدْو: (TA: [but probably عدو is here a mistake for حُضْر:]) or a pace of a camel rising above the [easy and quick rate of going termed] هَمْلَجَة. (ISk.) You say, لَيْسَ لَهُ مَرْفُوعٌ (tropical:) He (a beast) has not the pace termed مرفوع. (S.) جَبَلٌ مُرْتَفِعٌ A high mountain. (TA.)

رجف

1 رَجَفَ, (O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. رَجْفٌ and رَجَفَانٌ (O, Msb, K) and رَجِيفٌ (Msb, K) and رُجُوفٌ; (O, K;) [and ↓ ارجف; (see the next sentence;) and ↓ ارتجف; (see نَغَضَ, in two places;)] It (a thing, O, Msb) was, or became, in a state of motion, commotion, (O, Msb, K,) agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance: (Msb, K: *) or in a state of violent motion, commotion, agitation, &c.; (K;) as the camel beneath the saddle, and the tree when put in motion by the wind, and the wabbling tooth, and the like. (O.) You say, رَجَفَتِ الأَرْضُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَجْفٌ, (S,) The earth quaked; or was, or became, in a state of motion, commotion, agitation, &c., (S, O, Msb, K,) as above; (Msb;) and so ↓ أَرْجَفَت, and ↓ أُرْجِفَت; (K;) [for ارجف is both intrans. and trans.:] and الرَّجَفَانُ signifies the being in a state of violent commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance. (S.) And رَجَفَتْ يَدُهُ His arm, or hand, trembled, by reason of disease, or old age. (Msb.) And رَجَفَ القَلْبُ The heart became agitated by reason of fright. (IDrd, O.) b2: رَجَفَ الرَّعْدُ, (Lth, O, K,) inf. n. رَجْفٌ and رَجِيفٌ, (Lth, O,) The thunder made a reiterated rumbling, or confused noise, in the clouds. (Lth, O, K.) b3: رَجَفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, prepared themselves for war, or battle. (Lth, O, K.) A2: Also He put [a thing] into a state of motion, commotion, or agitation; (O, K;) [so too, app., رَجَفَ بِهِ;] see 4, last sentence; [and so ↓ أَرْجَفَ; for] أَرْجَفَ الأَرْضَ بِهِمْ is said of God [as meaning He made the earth to quake with them]. (TA in art. دم.) And one says also, رَجَفَتْهُ الحُمَّى The fever caused him to quake, or shiver. (Msb.) 4 أَرْجَفَ as an intrans. v.: see 1, in two places.

A2: And as a trans. v.; act. and pass.: see 1, in two places. b2: [Hence,] ارجف بِكَذَا [originally He put another, or others, into a state of commotion, or agitation, by such a thing; meaning] he told of such a thing without truth, or not according to the true, or real, state of the case: [because he thereby caused commotion, or agitation; or] because the information was unsettled: from رَجْفَةٌ meaning as explained below. (Ksh in xxxiii. 60.) And ارجفوا فِى الشَّىْءِ (S, Msb, K) and بِهِ, (Msb, K,) inf. n. إِرْجَافٌ, (Msb,) i. q. خَاضُوا فِيهِ [mean-ing They said what was false respecting the thing]: (S, O, K:) or they told many evil tales, and uttered many discordant lying sayings, respecting the thing, in order that the people might become in a state of commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance, in consequence thereof: whence, in the Kur [xxxiii. 60], فِى المَدِينَةِ ↓ وَالمُرْجِفُونَ [and they who tell many evil tales, &c., in the city:] (O, * Msb:) or ارجفوا فِى البَلَدِ بِكَذَا they told, in the town, or country, of such a matter, in order that they might cause commotion, or agitation, &c., to befall the people, without there being aught [thereof] true in their estimation; from الرَّجَفَانُ signifying “ violent commotion or agitation ” &c. (Har pp. 218, 219.) And ارجفوا, alone, They said what was false (خَاضُوا) in [relating] tales of conflicts and factions, or seditions, or discords, or dissensions, and the like: whence, ↓ وَالمُرْجِفُونُ فِى المَدِينَةِ [cited above]. (K.) b3: And ارجفت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel came in a state of fatigue, with her ears flaccid, shaking them (بِهِمَا ↓ تَرْجُفُ). (O, K.) 8 إِرْتَجَفَ see 1, first sentence.

رَجْعَةٌ i. q. زَلْزَلَةٌ (S, K) [meaning Commotion, agitation, or convulsion; or violent commotion &c.; and particularly an earthquake; or] a violent earthquake: and a vehement cry from heaven: (Jel in vii. 76:) or it signifies, in the Kur-án, any punishment that befalls a people. (Lth, O.) رَجُوفٌ, accord. to Freytag, occurs in the Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen as meaning Put into a state of commotion.] b2: سَحَابٌ رَجُوفٌ Clouds in commotion with thunder, or with much water. (O.) الرَّجَّافُ The sea; because of its commotion, or agitation. (S, O, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Matrood Ibn-Kaab, lamenting the death of ' Abdel-Muttalib, (IB, O,) the grandfather of the Prophet, and eulogizing him, (IB,) اَلْمُطْعِمُونَ الشَّحْمَ كُلَّ عَشِيَّةٍ

حَتَّى تَغِيبَ الشَّمْسُ فِى الرَّجَّافِ [The feeders with fat every evening, until the sun disappeared in the sea]. (S, O.) b2: And The day of resurrection: (Sh, O, K:) and the congregation [of the risen]. (K.) b3: And رَجَّافٌ also signifies A certain kind of pace [app. with a jolting motion]. (O, K.) رَاجِفٌ [Putting into a state of motion, commotion, or agitation. b2: And also, or حُمَّى رَاجِفٌ,] A fever attended with quaking, or shivering: (O, Msb, K:) deviating from rule [because حُمَّى is fem.]. (Msb.) b3: [The fem., with ة, app. applied to a she-camel or the like, occurs, accord. to Freytag, in the Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen, as meaning Moving the head in going along.]

الرَّاجِفَةُ, in the Kur lxxix. 6, means The first blast [of the horn on the day of resurrection]: and الرَّادِفَةُ, in the next verse, “the second blast: ” (O, Bd, Jel, K:) or the former means the motionless bodies that shall be in a state of violent motion at the time here spoken of, such as the earth and the mountains; because of the saying in the Kur [lxxiii. 14], يَومَة تَرْجُفُ الْأَرْضُ وَالْجِبَالُ: CCC and the latter, “the heaven, and the stars, which shall be cleft and scattered. ” (Bd.) إِرْجَافٌ inf. n. of 4 [q. v.]. (Msb.) [And hence, as a simple subst.,] sing. of [أَرَاجِيفُ in the phrase]

أَرَاجِيفُ الأَخْبَارِ [meaning Tales without truth, or reality: or evil tales, and discordant lies, uttered in order that people may become in a state of commotion, agitation, convulsion, tumult, or disturbance, in consequence thereof: see 4]. (S.) You say, وَقَعُوا فِى أَرَاجِيفَ [They fell into convulsing perplexities, arising from evil and discordant and false rumours or the like]. (AA, S and K in art. تع.) المُرْجِفَانِ The basin and ewer (الطَّسْتُ وَالإِبْرِيقُ) [that are used for washing the hands before and after a meal]: because they produce a sound when one of them is knocked against the other: as though that sound told of the completion of the meal, and excited [the persons that had partaken thereof] to rise. (Har p. 228.) b2: وَالمُرْجِفُونَ فِى المَدِينَةِ, in the Kur xxxiii. 60: see 4, in two places. [This art. is wanting in the copies of the L and TA to which I have had access.]

سل

أ1 سَلَأَ السَّمْنَ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. سَلْءٌ; (M, Msb;) and ↓ استلأهُ; (S, K;) He cooked the سَمْن [here meaning butter], (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and worked it together, (S, Mgh, K,) and melted its زُبْد [or fresh, unclarified, portion], (M,) until it became clear (Mgh, Msb) from the milk remaining in it; (Msb;) he cleared the سمن [or butter] from the زُبْد [or fresh, unclarified, portion]; (Ham p. 2, in explanation of the former phrase; [i. e. he clarified the butter:] and سُلِئَ سَمْنًا, said of fresh butter, it was made into سَمْن [or clarified butter; i. e., was clarified]. (Mgh.) b2: And سَلَأَ السِمْسِمَ, (M, K,) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (M,) He pressed the sesame, or sesamum, (M, K,) and extracted its oil. (M.) A2: سَلَأَ النَّخْلَ, (Az, S,) or النَّخْلَةَ, (AHn, M,) or الجِذْعَ, (M, K,) and العَسِيبَ, [aor, and] inf. n. as above, (Az, AHn, S, M,) He plucked off the prickles, (Az, S, M, K,) i. e. (K) what are called the سُلَّآء, (AHn, M, K,) of the palm-trees, (Az, S,) or of the palm-tree, (AHn, M,) or of the palm-trunk, (M, K,) and of the [part called]

عَسِيب [of a palm-branch]. (Az, AHn, S, M.) A3: سَلَأَهُ مِائَةَ سَوْطٍ, (As, S, M, K, *) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (M,) He inflicted upon him a hundred lashes of the whip. (M, K. *) b2: and سَلَأَهُ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ, (As, S, M, K, *) [aor. and] inf. n. as above, (M,) He payed him, or payed him in ready money, a hundred dirhems, (As, S, M, K, *) promptly, or quickly. (K.) 8 إِسْتَلَاَ see above, first sentence. [See also 8 in art. سلى].

سِلَآءٌ [Clarified butter;] the subst. from سَلَأَ السَّمْنَ: pl أَسْلِئَةٌ. (S, M, K.) El-Farezdak says, كَانُوا كَسَالِئَةٍ حَمْقَآءَ إِذْ حَقَنَتْ سِلَآءَهَا فِى أَدِيمٍ غَيْرِ مَرْبُوبِ [They were like a stupid female clarifying butter, when she collected her clarified butter in a skin not seasoned with rob]. (S.) A2: See also what follows.

سُلَّأءٌ The prickles of the palm-tree: [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة. (S, M, Msb, K.) b2: Also, (K,) or [correctly the n. un.] سُلَّآءَةٌ, (M,) A sort of arrow-head, or spear-head, (M, K, *) in shape like the prickle of the palm-tree: (M, K:) and سلاءة, app. [سِلَآءَةٌ] without teshdeed [and with kesr], occurs in a trad. in this sense; for it is said that its pl. is ↓ سِلَآءٌ, of the same measure as حِمَارٌ. (TA.) A2: Also A certain bird, (M, K,) dust-coloured, and long-legged. (M.)

سلط

1 سَلُطَ, aor. ـُ (M,) inf. n. سَلَاطَةٌ, (S, M, B,) He, or it, overcame, prevailed, or predominated: (S, TA:) or was, or became, firm, or established, in superior power or force: (B, TA:) he possessed power of dominion or sovereignty or rule. (M.) b2: It (anything, as, for instance, a solid hoof, and a camel's foot,) was, or became, strong, or hard. (M.) b3: He was, or became, sharp. (TA.) And the same verb, (M, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above (S, M, Msb, K) and سُلُوطَةٌ, (S, M, K,) He was, or became, chaste, or perspicuous, in speech, or eloquent, and sharp in tongue: (S:) or long-tongued;; (M, K;) as also سَلِطَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. سَلَطٌ: (TS, TA:) or clamorous and foultongued: (Msb:) [or this verb, said of a man, has the first of these three significations; but]

سَلُطَتْ, inf. n. سَلَاطَةٌ, signifies she (a woman) was, or became, long-tongued, and vehemently clamorous. (Lth.) [See سَلِيطٌ, below.]2 سلّطهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. تَسْلِيطٌ, (M, K,) also written with ص, (Ibn-'Abbád, and K in art. صلط,) He (God, S) made him to overcome him; to prevail, or predominate, over him; or to have, or exercise, superior power or force over him: (S, K:) he made him to have mastery, dominion, or authority, and power, over him: (Msb:) he made him to have, or exercise, absolute dominion or sovereignty or rule, over him; (M;) or absolute superiority of power or force: (K:) he gave him power over him, and superior power or force. (TA.) [You say also, سلّط عَلَيْهِ الكِلَابَ He set the dogs upon him.]5 تسلّط عَلَيْهِمْ He overcame them; prevailed or predominated, over them; or was made to do so; he had, or exercised, or was made to have or exercise, superior power or force over them: (S:) he had, or was made to have, mastery, dominion, or authority, and power, or absolute dominion or authority and power, over them: (Msb:) he had, or received, power over them; and superior power or force; quasi-pass. of سَلَّطَهُ عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) سَلْطٌ: see سَلِيطٌ; for the former, in four places; and for the latter, in seven.

سَلِطٌ: see سَلِيطٌ; for the former, in four places; and for the latter, in seven.

سُلْطَةٌ: see سُلْطَانٌ; for the latter, in three places.

سَلْطَنَةٌ: see سُلْطَانٌ; for the latter, in three places.

سُلْطَانٌ Strength, might, force, or power; (TA;) as also ↓ سَلْطَنَةٌ: (Bd in iii. 144:) predominance; the possession, or exercise, of superior power or force, or of dominion, or authority, and power, or of absolute dominion or authority and power; (Mgh;) as also ↓ سُلْطَةٌ; (S;) the former being syn. with تَسَلُّطٌ [used as a subst.]; (Mgh;) and the latter being the subst. from تَسَلَّطَ: (S:) power of dominion; sovereign, or ruling, power; (M;) [in this sense, as well as in the first,] i. q. ↓ سَلْطَنَةٌ; (Msb;) power of a king; (Lth, Mgh, K;) and of a governor; (Mgh, Msb;) [i. e.] delegated power, or power given to one who is not a king; (TA;) also written سُلْطَانٌ; (M, Msb, K;) which is the only instance of this form: (Msb:) it is masc. and fem.; (M, TA;) generally masc., in the opinion of the skilful; but sometimes fem.; so say IAmb and Zj and others: (Msb:) but ISk says that it is fem. (TA.) One says, (ISk,) or some say, (Msb,) قَضَتْ بِهِ السُّلْطَانُ (ISk, Msb) The sovereign, or ruling, power (↓ السَّلْطَنَةُ) decreed it. (Msb.) And Aboo-Zuheyr says, I heard one, in whose chasteness of speech I have confidence, say, أَتَتْنَا سُلْطَانٌ جَائِرَةٌ [A tyrannical sovereign, or ruling, power, came to us]. (Msb.) It is said in a trad., إِلَّا أَنْ تَسْأَلَ ذَا سُلْطَان ٍ, meaning Unless thou ask the ruler, or governor, or the king, for thy due from the public treasury. (Mgh.) And you say, قَدْ جَعَلْتُ لَكَ سُلْطَانًا عَلَى أَخْذِ حَقِّى مِنْ فُلَان ٍ I have given thee power, or authority, to take, or receive, my due from such a one. (TA.) And لَا يَؤُمُّ الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ فِى سُلْطَانِهِ [A man shall not take precedence of a man in his authority]; meaning, in his house, and where he has predominance, or superior power, or authority; nor shall he sit upon his cushion; for in doing so he would show him contempt. (Mgh.) b2: Strength, or hardness, of anything: (M, K:) sharpness of anything: force, or violence, of anything. (TA.) The vehemence of winter. (TK.) An excited and predominant state of the blood; or inflammation thereof. (IDrd, M, K.) The flaming, or blazing, of fire. (IDrd.) b3: A proof; an evidence; an argument; a plea; an allegation; syn. حُجَّةٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) and بُرْهَانٌ: (S, Msb:) a حُجَّة being thus called because of the force with which truth attacks the mind: (B:) or, accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed, from سَلِيطٌ, (M, TA,) signifying

“ oil of olives,” because it enlightens: (TA:) and in these senses it has no pl., because it is used in the place of an inf. n. (S, TA.) Accord. to I'Ab, it signifies حُجَّة wherever it occurs in the Kur. (TA.) But in the words of the Kur [xvii. 35], فَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لِوَلِّيِهِ سُلْطَانًا, the meaning may be either [We have given to his executor, or heir,] authority, and power, or absolute authority and power, or the like; or a plea, or the like. (Mgh.) And again, in the Kur [lxix. 29], هَلَكَ عَنِّى

سُلْطَانِيَهْ, the meaning may be My dominion, and my authority and power over men, has perished from me; or my plea. (Bd, B.) And sometimes it means A miracle; as in the words of the Kur [li. 38], إِذْ أَرْسَلْنَاهُ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ بِسُلْطَان ٍ مُبِين ٍ [When we sent him to Pharaoh with a manifest miracle]. (TA.) Az says that it is sometimes masc. because it has a masc. form; and thus it is in the last of the instances above. (TA.) b4: Also A ruler, or governor, or the like; a king; a sovereign; (S, K, TA;) a khaleefeh: (TA:) these are its most common applications [in the writings of post-classical times]: (TA:) thus applied because the person so called is made to predominate; to have, or exercise, superior power or force; to have dominion, or the like: or because he is one of the evidences of God: (Aboo-Bekr, TA:) or because he possesses proof or evidence [of his right]: or because by him pleas and rights are established: (TA:) or because he enlightens the earth, (Msb, * B,) and is of great usefulness; (B;) the word being derived from سَلِيطٌ [signifying “ olive-oil ”]: (Msb:) it is of the measure فُعْلَانٌ: (S:) and when [thus] applied to a person, it is masc.: (Msb:) or it is masc. and fem.: (S, TA:) accord. to Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed, (TA,) fem. because it is [originally] pl. of سَلِيطٌ applied to “ oil; ” as though the kingdom shone by him; or because it has the signification of حُجَّةٌ: and sometimes masc., because regarded as meaning a man; (K, TA;) or because regarded as a sing.: so says Mohammad Ibn-Yezeed; but Az observes that none beside him says this: Fr says that he who makes it masc. regards it as meaning رَجُلٌ; and he who makes it fem. regards it as meaning حُجَّةٌ: (TA:) the pl. is سَلَاطِينُ. (S, Msb.) It is also, itself, sometimes used as a pl.; as in the phrase سَيِّدُ السُّلْطَانِ, used by a poet, meaning سَيِّدُ السَّلَاطِينَ [The lord of kings]; i. e. the khaleefeh: [but this may be rendered the lord of sovereign power, &c.:] or, as some say, the latter word is here pl. of سَلِيطٌ, like as رُغْفَانٌ is pl. of رَغِيفٌ. (Msb.) سَلَطَانَةٌ, and سِلِطَانَةٌ, or سِلِطَّانَةٌ: see سَلِيطٌ.

سَلِيطٌ Strong, or hard; (M, K;) as also ↓ سَلِطٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَلْطٌ. (K.) You say, ↓ حَافِرٌ سَلِطٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَلْطٌ, (TA,) and سَلِيطٌ, (M, TA,) A strong, or hard, solid hoof. (M, TA.) and الحَافِرِ ↓ دَابَّةٌ سَلِطَةُ A beast having a strong, or hard, hoof. (M.) And الخُفِّ ↓ بَعِيرٌ سَلِطُ A camel having a strong, or hard, foot. (M.) b2: Sharp; applied to anything. (K.) You say also ↓ سَنَابِكُ سَلِطَاتٌ Sharp edges of the fore parts of hoofs. (S, TA.) b3: Chaste in speech, or eloquent, (S, K,) and sharp in tongue: (S:) an epithet of praise when applied to the male, and of dispraise when [with ة] applied to the female: (IDrd, K:) also, (K,) long-tongued; (M, K;) and so ↓ سَلِطٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَلْطٌ; (K;) fem. سَلِيطَةٌ, and ↓ سَلَطَانَةٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ سِلِطَانَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ سِلِطَّانَةٌ; (M;) the last written [thus] with tesh-deed to the ط in the JM., and there explained as signifying long-tongued and clamorous: (TA:) or سَلِيطٌ signifies clamorous and foul-tongued; and so سَلِيطَةٌ applied to a woman: (Msb:) or the latter, applied to a woman, clamorous: (S:) or long-tongued and vehemently clamorous: (Lth:) or سَلِيطَةُ اللِّسَانِ is applied to a woman in two senses; signifying sharp-tongued; and long-tongued. (Az, TA.) You say also, لِسَانٌ سَلِيطٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ سَلِطٌ, (M,) or ↓ سَلْطٌ, (K,) A long tongue. (M, K.) A2: Oil of olives; (S, M, Msb, K;) so applied by the generality of the Arabs: but by the people of El-Yemen applied to oil of sesame, or sesamum: (S, M:) IDrd, in the JM, says the reverse; and IF has followed him; but what J says is right, as Sgh, has observed in the O: (TA:) also, (K,) or as some say, (M,) any oil expressed from grains or berries: (M, K:) pl. سُلْطَانٌ. (Msb, K.) أَسْلَطُ More, and most, overcoming, prevailing, predominating, or superior in power or force. (Har p. 661.) b2: هُوَ أَسْلَطُهُمْ لِسَانًا He is the most chaste, or eloquent, and the sharpest, [&c., (see an ex. voce سِلْقٌ,)] of them in tongue. (S.)

سمع

1 سَمِعَهُ, (S, Msb, K, *) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. سَمْعٌ (S Msb, K) and سِمْعٌ, or this latter is a simple subst., (Lh, K,) and سَمَاعٌ, (S, K,) or this last [also] is a simple subst., (Msb,) and سَمَاعَةٌ and سَمَاعِيَةٌ (K) and مَسْمَعٌ, (TA,) [He heard it, (namely, a thing, as in the S,) or (tropical:) him;] and ↓ تسمّع, (Msb, K,) also written and pronounced اِسَّمَّعَ; (K, TA;) and ↓ استمع; (Msb;) are syn. with سَمِعَ (Msb,K) as trans. By itself; (Msb;) and استمع [also] in sys. With سَمِعَ [ as trans. by itself]: (Ham p. 694, where occurs a usage of its act. part. n. showing the verb to be trans. by itself:) or ↓ استمع denotes what is intentional, signifying only he gave ear, hearkened, or listened: but سَمِعَ, [as also ↓ تمسمّع and ↓ استسمع,] what is unintentional, as well as what is intentional. (Msb.) You say, سَمِعَ الشَّىْءَ [He heard or listened to, the thing] (S.) And الصَّوْتَ ↓ تسمّع [He listened to, or heard, the sound]. (TA.) [and سَمِعْتُ لَهُ صَوْتًا I heard him, or it, utter, or produce, a sound; lit. I heard a sound attributable to him, or it. And سَمِعَهُ مِنْهُ He heard it form him. And سَمِعَهُ عَنْهُ He heard it as related from him; he heard it on his authority. And سَمِعَهُ يَقُولُ كَذَا He heard him say such a thing.] and سَمِعَ بِهِ [He heard of it; for سَمِعَ التَّكَلُّمَ بِهِ, or the like]. (Kur xii. 31 and xxviii. 36 and xxxviii. 6, S, K, TA.) [When trans. by means of لِ alone, or إِلَى, it denotes what is intentional.] You say, سَمِعْتُ لَهُ, (S, Msb, TA,) and إِلَيْهِ, (S, TA,) meaning I gave ear, hearkened, or listened, to him, or it; (S, Msb, * TA;) and له ↓ تسمّعت (Msb,) or اليه, and اِسَّمَّعْتُ, (S, TA,) signify the same; (S, Msb, TA;) and so له ↓ استمعت, (S, Msb, K,) and اليه. (K.) It is said in the Kur [xxxvii. 8], accord. to different readings, لَا يَسْمَعُونَ إِلَى المَلَإِ الأَعْلَى, and ↓ لَا يَسَّمَّعُونَ, They shall not listen [to the archangels]: (S:) or the former has this signification, they shall not listen to the angels (Bd, Jel) in heaven, (Jel,) or the exalted angels: (Bd:) and ↓ the latter, they shall not seek, or endeavour, to listen &c. (Bd.) and in the same [xvii. 50], ↓ نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَسْتَمِعُونَ بِهِ إِذْ يَسْتَمِعُونَ إِلَيْكَ [We are cognizant of that on account of which they hearken when they hearken to thee]; به meaning بِسَبَبِهِ, (Bd, Jel,) and لِأَجْلِهِ, (Bd,) alluding to scoffing, or derision. (Bd, Jel.) [For various usages of سَمْعٌ and other inf. ns., whether employed as inf. ns. or as simple substs., see those words below.] b2: It also signifies He understood it; (TA;) he understood its meaning; i. e., the meaning of a person's speech. (Msb.) You say, لَمْ تَسْمَعْ مَا قُلْتُ لَكَ Thou didst not understand what I said to thee. (TA.) and such is the most obvious meaning of the verb in the saying, إِنْ كَانَ يَسْمَعُ الخَطِيبَ [If he understand the words of the preacher]; for this is the proper meaning in this case: but it may be rendered tropically, (tropical:) if he hear the voice of the preacher. (Msb.) b3: Also He knew it: as in the saying, سَمِعَ اللّٰهُ قَوْلَكَ [God knew thy saying]. (Msb.) b4: Also (assumed tropical:) He accepted it; namely, evidence, and praise: or, said of the latter, (assumed tropical:) he recompensed it by acceptance: (Msb:) (tropical:) he paid regard to it, and answered it; namely, prayer: (tropical:) he answered, or assented to, or complied with, it; namely, a person's speech. (TA.) The saying سَمِعَ اللّٰهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ means May God accept the praise of him who praiseth Him: or, accord. to IAmb, may God recompense by acceptance the praise of him who praiseth Him: (Msb:) or may God answer the prayer of him who praiseth Him. (TA, as on the authority of IAmb.) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) He obeyed him: as in the saying in the Kur [xxxvi. 24], إِنِّى آمَنْتُ بِرَبِّكُمْ فَاسْمَعُونِ (assumed tropical:) [Verily I believe in your Lord, and do ye obey me]. (TA.) b6: Lth says that the phrase سَمِعَتْ أُذُنِى

زَيْدًا يَفْعَلُ كَذَا وَكَذَا means (assumed tropical:) My eye saw Zeyd doing such and such things: but Az says, I know not whence Lth brought this; for it is not of the way of the Arabs to say سمعت اذنى as meaning my eye saw: it is in my judgment corrupt language, and I am not sure but that it may have been originated by those addicted to innovations and erroneous opinions. (TA.) 2 تَسْمِيعٌ [inf. n of سمّع, as also تَسْمِعَةٌ, q. v. infrà, voce سُمْعَةٌ,] is syn. with ↓ إِسْمَاعٌ [The making one to hear]. (K.) You say, سمّعهُ الصَّوْتَ and ↓ اسمعهُ [He made him to hear the sound]. (S.) And سمّعهُ الحَدِيثَ (TA) and ↓ اسمعهُ (S, TA) [He made him to hear the narra-tive]; both signifying the same. (TA.) [and سمّع بِهِ He made to hear of it, or him.] It is said in a trad., مَنْ سَمَّعَ النَّاسَ بِعَمَلِهِ سَمَّعَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ

أَسَامِعَ خَلْقِهِ وَحَقَّرَهُ وَصَغَّرَهُ (S, * Mgh, TA) [Whoso maketh men to hear of his deed,] God will make the ears of his creatures to hear of him on the day of resurrection; (TA;) or whoso maketh his deed notorious, that men may see it and hear of it, God will make notorious his hypocrisy, and fill with it the ears of his creatures, and they shall be generally acquainted with it, [and He will render him contemptible, and small in estimation,] so that he will become disgraced; (Mgh;) or the meaning may be, God will manifest to men his internal state, and fill their ears with the evilness of his secret intentions, in requital of his deed: or, as some relate it, [for أَسَامِعَ خَلْقِهِ] we should say, سَامِعُ خَلْقِهِ, which is an epithet applied to God; so that the meaning is, Go [the Hearer of his creatures] will disgrace him: (TA:) [for]

b2: سمّع به, (S, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. تَسْمِيعٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) signifies [also] He rendered him, or it, notorious, and infamous: (S, Mgh, K: *) or he spread it abroad, for men to speak of it. (Msb.) b3: Also He raised him from obscurity to fame. (S, K. *) b4: And He made him to hear what was bad, evil, abominable, or foul, and he reviled him: (Az, T and L in art. ند:) and ↓ اسمعهُ [also] has the latter of these two significations. (S, K.) 4 اسمعهُ, inf. n. إِسْمَاعٌ: see 2, in four places. b2: He told him [a thing]. (Msb) b3: He made him to understand: the verb being used in this sense in the Kur [viii. 23], لَوْعَلِمَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِمْ خَيْرًا لَأَسْمَعَهُمْ [Had God known any good in them, He had made them to understand]. (TA.) b4: أَسْمَعَكَ اللّٰهُ May God not make thee to be deaf. (TA.) b5: أَسْمَعَتْ She sang. (TA.) One says to a female singer, أَسْمِعِينَا Sing thou to us: thus used in a verse of Tarafeh. (TA.) b6: أَسْمَعْتَ Thou hast said a saying that ought to be heard and followed. (Har p. 398.) A2: اسمع الدَّلْوَ (tropical:) He made, or put, a مِسْمَع [q. v.] to the bucket. (S, K, TA.) And in like manner, اسمع الزِّنْبِيلَ (K) (tropical:) He made, or put, what are termed مِسْمَعَانِ to the basket. (TA.) A3: أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْ وَأَبْصِرْ; and أَبْصِرْ بِهِ وَأَسْمِعْ; see art. بصر.5 تَسَمَّعَ, also written and pronounced اِسَّمَّعَ: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in six places.6 تسامع بِهِ النَّاسُ (S, K) The people heard of it, [or him,] one from another: (PS, TK:) [or the people heard one another talk of it, or him:] or it, or he, became notorious among the people. (TA.) b2: تسامع also signifies He feigned himself hearing. (KL.) 8 إِسْتَمَعَ see 1, in the former half of the paragraph, in four places.10 إِسْتَسْمَعَ see 1, in the first sentence, in two places.

سَمْعٌ inf. n. of سَمِعَ, (S, Msb, K,) like ↓ سَمَاعٌ, (S, K,) [&c.,] or the latter is a simple subst. [used in the abstract sense of the former]. (Msb.) Yousay, سَمْعًا وَطَاعَةً, [for أَسْمَعُ سَمْعًا وَأُطِيعُ طَاعَةً, an emphatic mode of expression, meaning I hear and I obey, or for سَمِعْتُ سَمْعًا وَأَطَعْتُ طَاعَةً, which means the same, but more emphatically; طَاعَةً

being a quasi-inf. n. for إِطَاعَةً;] the verb [of each] being understood: and سَمْعٌ وَطَاعَةٌ, meaning أَمْرِى ذٰلِكَ [i. e. أَمْرِى سَمْعٌ وَطَاعَةٌ My affair is hearing and obeying]. (K.) You say also, [in like manner,] اَللّٰهُمَّ سَمْعًا لَا بَلْغًا, (K,) and سَمْعٌ لَا بَلْغٌ: (TA:) see سِمْعٌ. And سَمْعُ أُذُنِى فُلَانًا يَقُولَ ذٰلِكَ, (K,) [said to be] the only instance of the kind among inf. ns. of trans. verbs except رَأْىُ عَيْنِى, (TA in art. رأى,) [in a copy of the M, in art. رأى, written سَمْعَ اذنى and رَأْىَ عينى,] and اذنى ↓ سِمْعُ, and اذنى ↓ سَمْعَةُ, and اذنى ↓ سِمْعَةُ [My ear heard (lit. my ear's hearing) such a one say that]. (K) b2: [As a simple subst., it signifies] The sense of the ear; (K;) [i. e., of hearing;] the faculty in the ear whereby it perceives sounds. (TA.) Thus in the Kur [1. 36], أَوْ أَلْقَى

السَّمْعُ, (TA,) meaning, Or who hearkeneth. (Bd, Jel.) [And hence,] أُمُّ السَّمْعِ The brain; (Z, O, K;) as also ↓ أُمُّ السَّمِيعِ. (O, K.) One says, ضَرَبَهُ عَلَى أُمِّ السَّمْعِ [He struck him upon the brain]. (TA.) b3: [It is also used for the inf. n. of أَسْمَعَ. Hence] one says, قَالُوا ذٰلِكَ سَمْعَ أُذُنِى, and in like manner, اذنى ↓ سِمْعَ, and اذنى ↓ سَمَاعَ, and اذنى ↓ سَمَاعَةَ, i. e. إِسْمَاعَهَا [They said that making my ear to hear]: (K:) and one may say, سَمْعًا [making to hear]: this latter one says when he does not particularize himself. (Sb, K.) and ↓ كَلَّمَهُ سِمْعَهُمْ, with kesr, meaning, [He spoke to him making them to hear, or] so that they heard. (TA.) And a poet says, اللّٰهِ وَالعُلَمَآءِ أَنِّى ↓ سَمَاعَ

أَعُوذُ بِخَيْرِ خَالِكَ يَاابْنَ عَمْرِو [Making God and the learned men to hear that I seek protection by the goodness of thy maternal uncle, O son of 'Amr; or أَعُوذُ بِحَقْوِ خَالِكَ, i. e. I have recourse for protection to thy maternal uncle; thus in the TA in art. حقو;] using the subst. in the place of the inf. n., as though he said إِسْمَاعًا عَنِّى. (TA.) One says also, أَخَذْتُ ذٰلِكَ عَنْهُ سَمْعًا, and in like manner, ↓ سَمَاعًا, [i. e. I received that from him by being made to hear, which virtually means, by hearsay, or hearing it from him,] making the inf. n. [in each case] to be of a different form from that of the verb to which it belongs [in respect of signification; i. e., using an inf. n. of سَمِعَ for that of أَسْمَعَ]. (K, * TA.) [See also سُمْعَةٌ.] b4: It also signifies The ear; (S, * Mgh, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ مِسْمَعٌ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) because it is the instrument of hearing, (TA,) and ↓ مَسْمَعٌ, [because it is the place thereof,] (Aboo-Jebeleh, TA,) and ↓ سَامِعَةٌ; (S, K;) or ↓ مِسْمَعٌ signifies the ear-hole; (TA;) and so ↓ مَسْمَعٌ, and ↓ مُسْتَمَعٌ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and سَمْعٌ is also used as a pl., (S, K,) being originally an inf. n.; but sometimes (S) it has for its pl. أَسْمَاعٌ (S, Msb, K) and أَسْمُعٌ, (Mgh, O, K,) a pl. of pauc., (TA,) [as is also the former,] and أَسَامِعُ is a pl. pl., (S, Mgh, O, K,) i. e. pl. of أَسْمَاعٌ, (S,) or of أَسْمُعٌ: (Mgh, O:) [for an ex. of the pl. pl., see 2:] the pl. of ↓ مِسْمَعٌ is مَسَامِعُ; (Msb, K;) or this may be an irreg. pl. of سَمْعٌ, like as مَشَابِهُ is of شَبَهٌ. (Sgh, TA.) You say, سَمْعُكَ إِلَىَّ i. e. [Incline thine ear to me; or] hear thou from me. (S, K.) And طَرَقَ الكَلَامُ السَّمْعُ [The speech struck the ear]. (Msb.) سَمْعٌ is used as a pl. in the Kur [ii. 6], where it is said, خَتَمَ اللّٰهُ عَلَى قُلُوبِهِمْ وَعَلَى سَمِعْهِمْ [God hath set a seal upon their hearts and upon their ears]. (S.) One also says, ↓ فُلَانٌ عَظِيمُ المِسْمَعَيْنِ Such a one is great in the ears. (S.) The phrase هُوَ بَيْنَ سَمْعِ الأَرْضِ وَبَصَرِهَا means (assumed tropical:) It is not known whither he has repaired: (Az, K:) or he is between the ears of the people of the land and their eyes, [so that they neither hear him nor see him,] the prefixed noun أَهْل being suppressed: (AO, K, * TA:) or (assumed tropical:) in a void land, wherein is no one; (ISk, K;) i. e., none hears his speech, nor does any see him, except [the wild animals of] the desert land: (K:) or (tropical:) between the length and breadth of the land. (K, TA.) You say also, أَلْقَى نَفْسَهُ بَيْنَ سَمْعِ الأَرْضِ وَبَصَرِهَا (assumed tropical:) He exposed himself to perdition, or imperilled himself, and cast himself no one knew where: (IAar, Th:) or (assumed tropical:) he cast himself where no voice of man was heard, nor eye of man seen. (K, * TA.) b5: Also What rests in the ear, of a thing which one hears. (L, K.) b6: See also سِمْعٌ, in three places, beside the two places before referred to.

سِمْعٌ i. q. سَمْعٌ, either as an inf. n. or as a a simple subst. (Lh, K.) You say, اَللّٰهُمَّ سِمْعًا لَا بِلْغًا, (S, K,) and لَا بَلْغًا ↓ سَمْعًا, (K,) and سِمْعٌ لَا بِلْغٌ, and لَا بَلْغٌ ↓ سَمْعٌ, (TA,) a form of prayer, (K,) meaning O God, may it be heard of but not fulfilled: (S, K:) or may it be heard but not come to: or may it be heard but not need to be come to: or it is said by him who hears tidings not pleasing to him: (K:) Ks says that it means I hear of calamities but may they not come to me. (TA.) You say also, سِمْعُ أُذُنِى فُلَانًا يَقُولُ ذٰلِكَ: see سَمْعٌ. b2: Also i. q. إِسْمَاعٌ: so in the phrase قَالُوا ذٰلِكَ سِمْعَ أُذُنِى: (K:) and in the phrase كَلَّمَهُ سِمْعَهُمْ: (TA:) both explained above: see سَمْعٌ. b3: Also Mention, fame, report, that is heard; as also ↓ سَمْعٌ, and ↓ سَمَاعٌ: (K:) fame, or good report; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and so ↓ سَمْعٌ and ↓ سَمَاعٌ. (TA.) You say, ذَهَبَ سِمْعُهُ فِى النَّاسِ His fame, or good report, went among mankind. (S.) And the Arabs say, اللّٰهِ ↓ لَا وَسَمْعِ [or وَسِمْعِ اللّٰه,] meaning لَا وَ ذِكْرِ اللّٰهِ [No, by the glory of God]. (TA.) b4: [It is also used as an epithet: thus,] رَجُلٌ سِمْعٌ means يُسَمِّعُ [A man who makes others to hear of him]: or one says, هٰذَا امْرُؤٌ ذُو سِمْعٍ, and ↓ ذُوسَمَاعٍ, [This is a man of fame, or notoriety], (K,) whether good or bad. (Lh, TA.) A2: Also A certain mongrel beast of prey, (S,) the offspring of the wolf, begotten from the hyena: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) fem. with ة: they assert that it does not die a natural death, like the serpent, (K, TA,) but by some accident that befalls it, not knowing diseases and maladies; and that it is unequalled by any other animal in running, (TA,) its running being quicker than [the flight of] the bird; and its leap exceeding thirty cubits, (K, TA,) or twenty. (TA.) It is said in a prov., مِنَ السِّمْعِ الأَزَلِّ ↓ أَسْمَعُ [More quick of hearing than the سمع that is lean in the buttocks and thighs; or than the light, or active, سمع]: and sometimes they said أَسْمَعُ مِنْ سِمْعٍ

[more quick of hearing than a سمع]. (S.) سَمْعَةٌ A single hearing, or hearkening, or listening. (K.) b2: سَمْعَةُ أُذُنِى فُلَانًا يَقُولُ ذٰلِكَ: see سَمْعٌ. b3: See also سُمْعَةٌ.

A2: أُذُنٌ سَمْعَةٌ: see سَامِعٌ.

سُمْعَةٌ is syn. with تَسْمِيعٌ, like as سُخْرَةٌ is with تَسْخِيرٌ. (TA.) You say, فَعَلَهُ رِئَآءً وَسُمْعَةً He did it [to make men to see it and hear of it, or] in order that men might see it and hear of it. (S.) And مَافَعَلَهُ رِئَآءً وَلَاسُمْعَةً, and ↓ سَمْعَةً, and ↓ سَمَعَةً, He did it not making it notorious so as to make [men] to see and to hear [it]. (K.) And فَعَلْتُهُ

↓ تَسْمِعَتَكَ, and تَسْمِعَةً لَكَ, I did it in order that thou mightest hear it. (Az, K.) [See also سَمْعٌ, where similar phrases are mentioned and explained.] b2: السُّمْعَةُ, also, signifies What is heard, of fame, or report, &c.: (Har p. 34:) and [particularly] good report. (Id. p. 196.) سِمْعَةٌ A mode, or manner, of hearing, hearkening, or listening. (K.) You say, سَمِعْتُهُ سِمْعَةً

حَسَنَةً [I heard it with a good manner of hearing]. (TA.) b2: سِمْعَةُ أُذُنِى فُلَانًا يَقُولُ ذٰلِكَ: see سَمْعٌ.

سَمَعَةٌ: see سُمْعَةٌ.

A2: أُذُنٌ سَمَعَةٌ: see سَامِعٌ.

أُذُنٌ سَمِعَةٌ: see سَامِعٌ.

سُمْعُنَّةٌ نُظْرُنَّةٌ, and سِمْعَنَّةٌ نِظْرَنَّةٌ, (S, K,) the former accord. to Az, the latter accord. to ElAh, (S,) and سِمْعِنَّةٌ نِظْرِنَّةٌ, (K,) or the second and third are without teshdeed, and mentioned by Yaakoob also, (TA in art. نظر, [but this, I think, is a mistake,]) applied to a woman, Who listens, or hearkens, and endeavours to see, and, not seeing nor hearing anything, thinks it, or opines it: (S, * K, * [the latter in art. نظر,] and TA:) and one also applies to her the epithet سِمْعَنَةٌ, meaning who listens, or hearkens, and does so much, or habitually. (K.) سَمَعْمَعٌ (of the measure فَعَلْعَلٌ, S) Small in the head, (S, K,) and in the body; for او اللِّحْيَةِ in the K is a mistranscription for وَالجُثَّةِ: (TA:) cunning, or very cunning: (K, TA:) light of flesh, quick in work, wicked, and clever: (TA:) or [simply] light and quick: and applied as an epithet to a wolf. (K.) b2: Also A woman that grins and frowns in thy face when thou enterest, and wails after thee when thou goest forth. (K, * TA.) b3: And A tall and slender man: (K, TA:) fem. in this sense with ة. (TA.) b4: And A wicked, deceitful, or crafty, devil. (TA.) سَمَاعٍ [an imperative verbal n.] Hear thou: (S, K:) like دَرَاكِ and مَنَاعِ, meaning أَدْرِكْ and اِمْنَعْ. (S.) سَمَاعٌ: see its syn. سَمْعٌ; first sentence. b2: Also syn. with إِسْمَاعٌ, as in three exs. expl. above; see سَمْعٌ, in the middle portion of the paragraph. b3: Also [an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n., meaning What has been heard, or heard of:] a thing that one has heard of, and that has become current, and talked of. (TA.) [Hence, used in lexicology and grammar as meaning What has been received by hearsay; i. e. what is established by received usage: as in the phrase, مَقْصُورٌ عَلَى السَّمَاعِ restricted to what has been received by hearsay; &c.: and in the phrase شَاذٌّ فِى السَّمَاعِ deviating from the constant course of speech with respect to what has been receeived by hearsay; &c.; which virtually means deviating from what is established by received usage: “ what has been received by hearsay ” always meaning “ what has been heard, either immediately or mediately, from one or more of the Arabs of the classical times. ”] b4: [Also What is heard, or being heard, of discourse, or narration, and of matters of science. See an ex. voce مُرِذٌّ, in art. رذ.] b5: And [hence,] Singing, or song; and any [musical performance whether vocal or instrumental or both combined, or any other] pleasant sound in which the ears take delight: as in the saying, بَاتَ فِى لَهْوٍ وَسَمَاعٍ [He passed the night in the enjoyment of diversion and singing, &c.]. (TA.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce مُشَارٌ, in art. شور.] b6: See also سِمْعٌ, in three places.

سَمُوعٌ: see سَامِعٌ, in two places.

سَمِيعٌ: see سَامِعٌ, in six places. b2: It is also syn. with مُسْمِعٌ [Making to hear; &c.]. (S, K.) Az remarks its being wonderful that persons should explain it as having this meaning in order to avoid the assigning to God the attribute of hearing, since that attribute is assigned to Him in more than one place in the Kur-án, though his hearing is not like the hearing of his creatures: he, however, adds, I do not deny that, in the language of the Arabs, سميع may be syn. with سَامِعٌ or مُسْمِعٌ; but it is mostly syn. with سَامِعٌ, like as عَلِيمٌ is with عَالِمٌ, and قَدِيرٌ with قَادِرٌ. (TA.) b3: Also [Made to hear; or] told; applied to a man. (Msb.) b4: أُمُّ السَّمِيعِ: see سَمْعٌ.

A2: السَّمِيعَانِ Two long pieces of wood [fixed] in the yoke with which the bull is yoked for ploughing the land. (Lth, TA.) سَمَاعَةٌ an inf. n. of سَمعَ. (K.) b2: And i. q. إِسْمَاعٌ, whence a phrase expl. above: see سَمْعٌ.

سَمَاعِىٌّ, in lexicology and grammar, applied to a word &c., means Relating, or belonging, to what has been received by hearsay; i. e., to what is established by received usage. See سَمَاعٌ.]

سُمَّعٌ Light, active, or agile: and applied as an epithet to a غُول. (K.) سَمَّاعٌ One who hearkens, or listens, much to what is said, and utters it. (TA.) [Its primary signification is simply One who hears, hearkens, or listens, much, or habitually: and it signifies also quick of hearing.] See also سَامِعٌ. b2: A spy, who searches for information, and brings it. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Obedient. (TA.) سَامِعٌ and ↓ سَمِيعٌ are syn.; [signifying Hearing; and hearkening, or listening;] (Az, S, Msb, K;) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, and قَادِرٌ and قَدِيرٌ. (Az, TA.) [↓ السَّمِيعُ, applied to God, signifies He whose hearing comprehends everything; who hears everything. (TA.) And [hence, also,] ↓ this same epithet is applied to The lion that hears the faint sound (K, TA) of man and of the prey (TA) from afar. (K, TA.) You say also, أُذُنٌ سَامِعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمِيعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمِيعٌ, and ↓ سَمْعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمَعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمِعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمَّاعَةٌ, and ↓ سَمُوعٌ: [the first signifying A hearing, or a hearkening or listening, ear: and the last two, and app. all but the first, an ear that hears, or hearkens or listens, much; or that is quick of hearing:] the pl. of ↓ the last is سُمُعٌ. (K.) سَامِعَةٌ fem. of سَامِعٌ [q. v.]. b2: [It is also used as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant]: see سَمْعٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph.

أَسْمَعُ [More, and most, quick of hearing]: see سِمْعٌ; last sentence.

تَسْمِعَةٌ [an inf. n. of 2]: see سُمْعَةٌ.

مَسْمَعٌ A place whence [and where] one hears, or hearkens, or listens. (IDrd, K.) You say, هُوَ مِنِّى بِمَرْأًى وَمَسْمَعٍ He is where I see him and hear his speech; (IDrd, K;) and in like manner, هُوَ مِنِّ مَرْأًى وَمَسْمَعٌ; (TA;) and مَرْأًى وَمَسْمَعًا, (M and K in art. رأى, q. v.,) and sometimes they said مَرًى. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ فِى مَنْظَرٍ وَمَسْمَعٍ

Such a one is in a state in which he likes to be looked at and listened to. (T, A, TA, in art. نظر.) b2: See also سَمْعٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in two places. b3: It is also an inf. n. of سَمِعَ. (TA.) مُسْمَعٌ [pass. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ, in the Kur [iv. 48], means [And hear thou without being made to hear; i. e.] mayest thou not be made to hear: (Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or mayest thou not hear, (Akh, S, Bd, Jel,) by reason of deafness, or of death; (Bd;) said by way of imprecation: (Az, Er-Rághib:) or hear thou without being made to hear speech which thou wouldest approve: or not being made to hear what is disliked; accord. to which explanation, it is said hypocritically: or hear thou speech which thou wilt not be made [really] to hear; because thine ear will be averse from it; accord. to which explanation, what follows the verb is an objective complement: or hear thou without having thine invitation assented to: (Bd:) or without having what thou sayest accepted. (Mujáhid, K.) مُسْمِعٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.] b2: [Hence,] مُسْمِعَةٌ A female singer. (S, K.) [See an ex. of the pl. in a verse cited voce شَارِبٌ.] b3: and hence, (TA in art. زمر,) the former is applied to (tropical:) A shackle. (K, and TA in art. زمر.) مِسْمَعٌ An instrument of hearing. (TA.) b2: See سَمْعٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in four places.

A2: (assumed tropical:) A loop which is in the middle of the [large bucket called] غَرْب, and into which is put a rope in order that the bucket may be even; (S, K;) so called as being likened to an ear: (ElMufradát, TA:) or the part of the [leathern water-bag called] مَزَادَة which is the place of the loop: or what goes beyond, or through, the hole of the loop. (TA.) b2: Also, (K,) or مِسْمَعَانِ, (El-Ahmar, TA,) (tropical:) The two pieces of wood that are put into the two loops of the [basket called] زِنْبِيل when earth is taken forth with it from a well. (El-Ahmar, K, TA.) b3: And the latter, (i. e. the dual,) A pair of socks, or stockings, worn by the sportsman when he is pursuing the gazelles during midday, or during midday in summer when the heat is vehement. (TA.) مُسَمَّعٌ (tropical:) Shackled: the explanation in the K, shackled and collared, applies to مُسَمَّعٌ مُسَوْجَرٌ together; not to the former of these two words alone. (TA.) [See مُسْمِعٌ.]

مَسْمُوعَاتٌ [Things heard]. See 4 in art. جوز.

مَسَامِعُ is pl. of مِسْمَعٌ (Msb, K) [and of مَسْمَعٌ]. b2: As a pl. without a sing., it is applied to All the holes of a human being; such as are [the holes of] the eyes, and such as the nostrils, and the anus. (TA.) مُسْتَمَعٌ: see سَمْعٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph.

سعل

1 سَعَلَ, aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. سُعَالٌ (S, O, K) and سُعْلَةٌ, (K,) or the latter of these is the inf. n., and the former is a simple subst., (Msb,) [He coughed:] سُعْلَةٌ signifies [the having] a motion whereby nature expels somewhat hurtful from the lungs and the organs connected therewith: (Ibn-Seenà, K, TA:) wherefore the ducts of the lungs are called قَصَبُ السُّعَالِ [the tubes of coughing, meaning the bronchial tubes,] because it [i. e. what is hurtful in the lungs] has its exit by them. (TA.) One says, إِنَّهُ يَسْعُلُ سُعْلَةً

مُنْكَرَةً [Verily he coughs with an abominable coughing]. (TA.) And بِهِ سُعْلَةٌ [In him is a coughing; i. e. he has a coughing, or cough]. (TA.) And أَغْصَّكَ السُّؤَالُ فَأَخَذَكَ السُّعَالُ [The question, or petition, has choked thee, and consequently coughing has seized thee]. (TA.) b2: Hence the saying, رَمَاهُ فَسَعَلَ الدَّمَ [He shot him, and he consequently coughed up blood]; i. e., he threw [up] blood from his chest. (TA.) A2: سَعِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. سَعَلٌ; accord. to the K, app., سَعَلَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سَعْلٌ; [and thus the pret. and inf. n. are written in the copies of the K;] but the former is the right; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, brisk, lively, or sprightly; (K, TA;) like زَعِلَ, inf. n. زَعَلٌ. (TA. [See the part. n., سَعِلٌ, below.]) 4 اسعلهُ It [made him to cough, or] occasioned him a coughing. (TA.) A2: And (assumed tropical:) He, or it, made him, or pronounced him, to be like the سِعْلَاة [q. v.]. (O, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) He. (a man, K, TA,) and it, (pasture, or herbage, O, TA,) rendered him (a horse, TA) brisk, lively, or sprightly; (O, K, TA;) as also أَزْعَلَهُ. (O, TA.) 10 استسعلت (tropical:) She (a woman) became a سِعْلَاة, i. e., very clamorous, and foul-tongued; (S, O;) or like a سِعْلَاة, (K, TA,) in badness, wickedness, or guile, and clamorousness, and foulness of tongue: (TA:) similar to استكلبت, and to استأسد said of a man, &c. (Az, TA.) سَعَلٌ Dry [dates of the bad sort termed] شِيص. (IAar, O, K.) سَعِلٌ, applied to a horse, (assumed tropical:) Brisk, lively, or sprightly; like زَعِلٌ. (AO, O, TA.) سِعْلَى: see the next paragraph.

سِعْلَاةٌ and ↓ سِعْلَآءُ (S, O, K [app. thus, without tenween, as a fem. noun, though فِعْلَاء without tenween is unusual,]) and ↓ سِعْلَى (S, O, TA) The [kind of goblin, demon, devil, or jinnee, called] غُول: (K:) or the female of the غُول: (Abu-l-Wefee El-Aarábee, TA in art. غول; and Har p. 76:) or the worst, most wicked, or most guileful, of the غِيلَان [pl. of غُول]: (S, O:) or an enchantress of the jinn, or genii: (K:) pl. [of the first] سَعَالٍ [written with the article السَّعَالِى] (S, O, K) [and of the second سَعَالِىُّ] and of the third سِعْلَيَاتٌ, which is said to signify the females of the غِيلَان. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] سِعْلَاةٌ signifies (tropical:) A very clamorous, foul-tongued, woman: (S, O, TA:) accord. to Aboo-'Adnán, a woman foul in face, evil in disposition, is likened to the سِعْلَاة: but some of the Arabs say that the Arabs do not apply the epithet سِعْلَاةٌ to any but an old woman. (TA.) b3: And [the pl.] السَّعَالِى signifies (tropical:) Horses; as being likened to what are [properly] so termed. (TA.) b4: And [the same pl.] السَّعَالِى, (K, TA,) with kesr to the ل, (TA,) [in the TK السَّعَالِىُّ, and in the CK ↓ السُّعالٰى,] signifies (assumed tropical:) A certain plant, the leaves of which make [the ulcers termed] دُبَيْلَات to discharge their contents, and dissolves them; and the fresh thereof remove the mange, or scab: it is a most excellent remedy for the cough; [wherefore it is also called حَشِيشَةُ السُّعَالِ; (TK;)] and causes the erection of the ذَكَر to subside (وَيَفُشُّ الاِنْتِصَابَ, K, TA, for which we find in some copies of the K وَنَفْسِ الاِنْتِصَابِ); even the fumigating of oneself therewith. (K.) سِعْلَآءُ: see the next preceding paragraph.

سُعَالٌ an inf. n. of سَعَلَ [q. v.]: (S, O, K:) or a simple subst. [meaning A cough]. (Msb.) السُّعَالٰى: see سِعْلَاةٌ.

سَاعِلٌ [Coughing]. You say نَاقَةٌ سَاعِلٌ, (O, K,) without ة, (O,) meaning A she-camel having a cough. (O, K.) b2: And إِنَّهُ لَذُو سُعَالٍ سَاعِلٍ

[Verily he has a violent cough]: (O, K: *) a phrase having an intensive meaning: (K:) by rule one should say سُعَال مُسْعِل; but thus the Arabs said, like as they said شُغْلٌ شَاغِلٌ and شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ: and [in like manner] a poet cited by Lth says ذُو سَاعِلٍ. (O.) b3: See also what follows.

مَسْعَلٌ The part of the fauces, or throat, which is the place of coughing: (S, Msb:) or [simply] the fauces, or throat; as also ↓ سَاعِلٌ; (K) which latter is expl. by Az as meaning The mouth; because with it one coughs. (TA.)

سيل

1 سَالَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) said of water, (S, Msb, TA,) or of a thing, (M,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. سَيْلٌ and سَيَلَانٌ (S, M, Msb, K, TA) and مَسِيلٌ and مَسَالٌ, (TA,) It flowed, or ran: (M, K, TA:) or, said of water, it rose so as to become excessively copious, and flowed, or ran: and سال said of thing, it was, or became, fluid, or liquid; contr. of جَمَدَ. (Msb.) b2: The Arabs say, سَالَ بِهِمُ السَّيْلُ وَجَاشَ بِنَا البَحْرُ [The torrent flowed with them, and the sea estuated with us so as to be unnavigable;] meaning, (assumed tropical:) they fell into a hard case, and we fell into one that was harder than it: (M, Meyd:) a proverb. (Meyd.) b3: And سَالَتْ عَلَيْهِ الخَيْلُ (tropical:) [The horsemen poured upon him]. (TA. [See also 6.]) b4: And سالت الغُرَّةُ (assumed tropical:) [The blaze upon the face of a horse] extended, or spread, long and wide: (S:) [or, simply, extended down the face; as appears from an explanation of the word شِمْرَاخٌ in the S and K &c.: see also سَائِلَةٌ, below. And in like manner سال is often said of flowing, or defluent, hair.]

A2: سِيلَ &c. for سُئِلَ, pass, of سَأَلَ: see this last word, in art. سأل.2 سَيَّلَ see 4.3 سَايَلْتُ: see 3 in art. سأل.4 اسالهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِسَالَةٌ, (Msb,) He made it to flow, or run; (S, * M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ سيّلهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. تَسْيِيلٌ. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [xxxiv. 11], وَأَسَلْنَا لَهُ حِينَ القِطْرِ (M, TA) i. e. And we made [the source of copper, or of brass,] to flow, or run, for him. (TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) He made it long, (M, K,) and complete; (M;) namely, the point of the iron head or blade an arrow or of a spear &c. (M, K.) 6 تسايلت الكَتَائِبُ (tropical:) [The troops of horse] poured [together] from every quarter. (S, TA. [See also 1.]) A2: همَا يَتَسَايَلَانِ: see 6 in art. سأل.

سَيْلٌ A torrent, or flow of water; (MA;) [i. e.] much water, (M, K,) or a collection of rainwater, (Msb,) flowing, or running, (M, Msb, K,) in a valley, or water-course, or torrent-bed: (Msb:) or water that comes to one [from rain, in any case, or] from rain that has not fallen upon one: (TA:) originally an inf. n.: (Msb, TA:) pl. سُيُولٌ: (S, M, Msb, K:) ↓ سَائِلَةٌ, also, signifies the same as سَيْلٌ; and its pl. is سَوَائِلُ [expl. in the M as meaning flowing, or running, waters]. (TA.) b2: And they said also, مَآءٌ سَيْلٌ, meaning ↓ سَائِلٌ [i. e. Flowing, or running, water]; (M, K;) putting the inf. n. in the place of the epithet. (M.) وَجَدْتُ بَقْلًا وَبُقَيْلًا وَمَآءً عَلَلًا سَيْلًا, meaning I found herbs full-grown and large and tall, and herbs not full-grown and therefore small, [and water among trees, flowing, or running,] is a saying of one sent to seek for herbage and water; mentioned by Th. (M.) سِيلَةٌ A mode, or manner, of flowing or running of water. (K.) سِيلَانٌ The سِنْخ [or tongue] of [meaning that enters into] the hilt, or handle, of a sword (M, K) and of a knife (M) and the like; (M, K;) the part, (S, TA,) in the A the tail, (TA,) that enters into the hilt, or handle, of a sword and of a knife: heard by A'Obeyd, though not from a learned man: (S, TA:) but AA cites the following ex. from Ez-Zibrikán Ibn-Bedr: وَلَنْ أُصَالِحَكُمْ مَا دَامْ لِى فَرَسٌ وَاشْتَدَّ قَبْضًا عَلَى السِّيلَانِ إِبْهَامِى

[And I will not make peace with you while I have a horse and my thumb grasps firmly upon the tongue of the sword]. (El-Jawáleekee, IB, TA.) (assumed tropical:) سَيَالٌ pl. of سَيَالَةٌ, (K,) [or rather the former is a coll. gen. n. of which the latter is the n. un., applied in the present day to A species of mimosa, or acacia, mentioned by Forskal in his Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. lvi. and cxxiv., and by Delile in his Floræ Aegypt. Illustr. (in the Descr. de l'Égypte), no. 965: and to a species of thistle; carduus lacteus; or wild artichoke:] a species of trees having thorns, of the kind called عِضَاه: (S:) certain trees having white thorns: (M:) or the [thorny plant called] شَبَه: (AA, M:) a certain plant; (K;) said to have white thorns, from which, when these are plucked, there issues what resembles milk: (AA, M, K: *) certain trees having lank branches and white thorns of which the bases resemble the middle pairs of the teeth of virgins: (TA:) or, (K,) accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, (AHn, M,) tall سَمُر [or gum-acacia-trees]: (AHn, M, K:) accord. to the A, the trees called خِلَاف [now applied to the salix Aegyptia of Linn.] in the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) سَيّالٌ [Flowing, or running, much]. One says, نَزَلْنَا بِوَاد ٍ نَبْتُهُ مَيَّالٌ وَمَاؤُهُ سَيَّالٌ [We alighted in a valley the herbage whereof was inclining much, by reason of its luxuriant growth, and the water whereof was flowing, or running, much, by reason of its copiousness]. (TA.) b2: [And Distilling much: see رَنْدٌ.]

A2: Also A certain mode of calculation. (O, K, TA. [In the CK, الحِيتَانْ is erroneously put for الحِسَابِ.]) سَيَّالَةٌ: see سَائِلَةٌ. b2: Also A bending in a sea or great river. (TA.) سَائِلٌ: see سَيْلٌ. b2: Also Fluid, or liquid. (Msb.) b3: سَائِلُ الأَطْرَافِ, in a description of the Prophet, means (assumed tropical:) Extended in the fingers: or, as some relate it, سَائِن, with ن, which has the same meaning. (O.) And غُرَّةٌ سَائِلَةٌ means (assumed tropical:) [A blaze upon the face of a horse] extending, or spreading, long and wide: (S:) or [extending so as to be] equable, or uniform, upon the bone of the nose: or that has extended upon the extremity of the nose so as to make it white: (M, K:) or that has spread widely upon the forehead and the bone of the nose: (TA:) if narrow, it is termed شِمْرَاخٌ. (S, TA.) سَائِلَةٌ [as a subst. formed from the epithet سَائِلٌ by the affix ة]; pl. سَوَائِلُ: see سَيْلٌ. b2: [Hence the saying,] رَأَيْتُ سَائِلَةً مِنَ النَّاسِ (assumed tropical:) I saw a company of men that had poured from some quarter; and so ↓ سَيَّالَةً. (TA.) b3: The pl. سَوَائِلُ also signifies Valleys [app. flowing with water, or because they flow with water]. (T in art. ذنب.) مَسَلٌ: see مَسِيلٌ.

مُسَالٌ الخَدَّيْنِ [app. meaning (tropical:) Having expanded cheeks, not elevated in the balls thereof, like سَهْلُ الخَدَّيْنِ,] is a tropical phrase. (TA.) b2: مُسَالَا الرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) The two sides of the beard of the man: (O, and so in one of my copies of the S:) or, of his jaws: (so in the TA and in my other copy of the S; i. e. لَحْيَيْهِ instead of لِحْيَتِهِ:) sing. مُسَالٌ: and pl. مُسَالَاتٌ. (S, O.) And also (assumed tropical:) The two sides of the man [himself]; syn. عِطْفَاهُ. (S, O.) مَسِيلٌ A place [or channel] in which a torrent flows: (Msb:) or مَسِيلُ مَآء ٍ and مَآء ٍ ↓ مَسَلُ, (S, K,) the latter anomalous, so much so that a parallel to it is scarcely, or in no wise, known, (MF,) a water-course; i. e. a place [or channel] in which water flows, or runs: pl. [of pauc., of the former,] أَمْسِلَةٌ, (S, K,) and [of mult.] مَسَايِلُ and مُسُلٌ; and مُسْلَانٌ; (S, Msb, K, TA;) the second pl. regular, without ء, (TA, [though written in the CK with ء,]) and the rest irregular, (S, * TA,) the sing. being likened to رِغِيفٌ, (S, Msb, TA,) which has for its pl. أَرْغِفَةٌ and رُغُفٌ (S, TA) and رُغْفَانٌ. (S, Msb, TA.) b2: It is also an inf. n. (TA. [See 1, first sentence.]) b3: Also Rain causing much flowing; opposed to مَزْرَغٌ [q. v.]. (Ham p. 632.) [See also what follows.]

مُسِيلٌ Rain that causes the valleys and water-courses (تِلَاع) to flow; opposed to مُرْزِغٌ [q. v.]. (S in art. رزغ, and Ham p. 632.) [See also what next precedes.]

شنق

1 شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K) and شَنِقَ, (M, K,) inf. n. شَنْقٌ, (S, M, Msb,) He curbed the camel by means of his زِمَام [or nose-rein], (S, K,) or pulled the خِطَام [or halter, or leadingrope,] of the camel, (M,) while riding him, (S, M,) in the direction of his [own] head, (M,) so as to make the prominences behind his [the camel's] ears cleave to the upright piece of wood rising from the fore part of the saddle: (M, K:) or he raised the camel's head (M, Msb, K) by pulling his زِمَام, (M, Msb,) while riding him, (Msb, K,) like as the rider of the horse does with his horse: (Msb:) and ↓ اشنقهُ signifies the same: (S, M, Msb, K:) or ↓ اشنق is intrans.; you say, شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ and هُوَ ↓ اشنق, the reverse of the usual rule; (IJ, M;) or the latter is intrans. also; (S, Msb, K;) signifying he (the camel) raised his head. (S, M, Msb, K. *) b2: Hence, شَنَقْتُهَا, occurring in a trad., referring to a female hare, inf. n. as above, means, as implying restraint, I cast, or shot, at her, or I struck her, so as to render her incapable of motion. (O.) b3: And شَنَقَ البَعِيرَ, or النَّاقَةَ, (M, K,) inf. n. as above, (M,) He bound the he-camel, or the she-camel, with the شِنَاق [q. v.]. (M, K.) b4: And شَنَقَ رَأْسَ الدَّابَّةِ, (M,) or رَأْسَ الفَرَسِ, (K,) (tropical:) He bound (M, K) the head of the beast, (M,) or the head of the horse, (K,) to the upper part of a tree, (M,) or to the head of a tree, or to a tree, (accord. to different copies of the K,) or to a peg, (M,) or to an elevated peg, (K,) so that his neck became extended and erect. (M, TA.) b5: And شَنَقَ القِرْبَةَ, (IDrd, O, K,) aor. ـُ (IDrd, O,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He bound the mouth of the water-skin with the bond called وِكَآء, and then bound the extremity of its وِكَآء to its fore legs: (IDrd, O, K, TA: [in the CK, أَوْكَأَها is erroneously put for أَوْكَاهَا, or, as in some copies of the K, وَكَاهَا:]) or he suspended it: and [in like manner] القِرْبَةَ ↓ اشنق, inf. n. as above, he suspended the water-skin to a peg: (TA:) or the latter signifies he put a شِنَاق to the water-skin: (M:) or he bound the water-skin with a شِنَاق, (S, K, TA,) i. e. a cord with which its mouth is bound. (S.) b6: [Hence شَنَقَهُ, as used in the present day, and in post-classical works, meaning (assumed tropical:) He hanged him by the neck, till he died: (see the pass. part. n., below:) whence

↓ مِشْنَقَةٌ, meaning A gallows; pl. مَشَانِقُ.] b7: شَنَقَ الخَلِيَّةَ, (M, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَنْقٌ; (M;) and ↓ شنّقها, (M, K,) inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ; (TA;) He put a piece of wood, which is called ↓ شَنِيقٌ, (M, K,) pared for the purpose, (M,) into the hive, and with it raised a portion of the honey-comb in the width of the hive, (M, K, *) having fixed the شينق beneath it; and sometimes two portions of the honey-comb, and three: (M: [accord. to which one says also, شَنَقَ فِى الخَلِيَّةِ القُرْصَيْنِ وَالثَّلَاثَةَ:]) this is done only when the bees are rearing their young ones. (M, K. *) b8: Accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَشْنَقْتُ and شَنَقْتُهُ signify the same: (TA: [in which the meaning is not expl.; but it is immediately added, app. to indicate the meaning here intended;]) El-Mutanakhkhil El-Hudhalee says, describing a bow and arrows, شَنَقْتُ بِهَا مَعَابِلَ مُرْهَفَــاتٍ i. e. I put its string into [the notches of] arrows [broad and long in the heads, made sharp or pointed]. (O, * TA.) A2: شَنِقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَنَقَ, (M, K,) aor. ـِ (K;) He loved a thing, and became attached to it; (M, K, TA;) said of a man: (TA:) and شَنِقَ, inf. n. شَنَقٌ, is said of a man's heart, (O, TA,) meaning as above: (O:) or شَنَقٌ signifies the heart's yearning towards, or longing for, or desiring, a thing. (Msb.) A3: شَنَقٌ also signifies The being long: (M:) or the being long in the head, (JK, S, TA,) as though it were stretched upwards: (TA:) one says of a horse, شَنِقَ inf. n. شَنَقٌ, meaning He was long in the head. (JK.) b2: شَنَقُ المَرْأَةِ, signifies اِسْتِنَانُهَا مِنَ الشَّحْمِ [app. meaning The woman's becoming sleek, like مَسَانّ (or whetstones) by reason of fat: see اِسْتَنَّتِ الفِصَالُ, in art. سن]: and the epithet applied to her is ↓ شَنِقَةٌ, pl. شَنِقَاتٌ. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA.) 2 شنّق الخَلِيَّةَ, inf. n. تَشْنِيقٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: تَشْنِيقٌ also signifies The cutting [a thing] in pieces. (O, K. [See the pass. part. n.]) b3: And The adorning [a person or thing]. (K. [See 5.]) b4: See also the next paragraph, near the end.3 شانقهُ, inf. n. مُشَانَقَةٌ and شِنَاقٌ, He mixed his cattle with his [i. e. another's] cattle: (K, TA:) this is when [contributions to the poor-rate such as are termed] أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] are incumbent on a man, or two men, or three, when their cattle are separate, and one says to another, شَانِقْنِى, i. e. Mix thou my cattle and thy cattle; for if they are separate, a شَنَق will be obligatory, or incumbent, on each of us; and if they are mixed, the case will be light to us: so the شِنَاق signifies the sharing in the شَنَق or in the شَنَقَانِ. (L, TA.) [See also what follows in this paragraph: and see شَنَقٌ.] One says also ↓ لَا تَشَانَقُوا [ for لَا تَتَشَانَقُوا] Ye shall not put together what are separate [of cattle]; التَّشَانُقُ being syn. with المُشَانَقَةُ. (TA.) b2: شِنَاقٌ signifies also The taking somewhat from the شَنَق: and hence the trad., لَا شِنَاقَ: (K, TA:) this means There shall not be taken from the شَنَق [any contribution to the poorrate] unless it is complete [in number]: (A' Obeyd, S, TA:) the شَنَق being, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says, up to nine; and up to fourteen: but this is pronounced in the L to be wrong: (TA:) [Mtr also says,] it means there shall not be taken aught of what exceed five, up to nine, for example: or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, it is like the mixing; but this requires consideration: (Mgh:) Aboo-Sa'eed says that لَا شِنَاقَ means a man shall not adjoin (↓ لَا يُشْنِقُ [thus written here and thus expl. in the TA]) his sheep or goats, and his camels, to the sheep or goats [and the camels] of another person, in order to annul what is obligatory, or incumbent, on him, of the poor-rate: this is [for instance] in the case in which each of them has forty sheep or goats; so that it is incumbent on them to give two sheep or goats; but when one of them adjoins (أَحَدُهُمَا ↓ فَإِذَا شَنَّقَ [thus in this instance in the TA, perhaps a mistranscription for أَشْنَقَ,]) his sheep or goats to those of another, and the collector of the poorrate finds them in his [the latter's] possession, he takes from them one sheep or goat. (TA.) 4 اشنق: see 1, in five places. b2: إِشْنَاقٌ [as inf. n. of أُشْنِقَ, from أَشْنَقَ القِرْبَةَ expl. in the first paragraph,] also signifies The having the hand attached to the neck by means of a غُلّ [q. v.]. (AA, TA.) b3: See also 3, in the latter half.

A2: Accord. to IAar, (O, TA,) اشنق also signifies He took (O, K, TA) the شَنَق, i. e., (O, TA,) the [fine termed] أَرْش: (O, K, TA:) or it was, or became, obligatory, or incumbent, on him to give the أَرْش; thus having two contr. meanings [assigned to it]: (K:) or it signifies also, accord. to IAar, it was, or became, obligatory on him to give what is termed a شَنَق; and this is the case until his camels amount to five and twenty, when what is due of them is [a she-camed such as is termed]

اِبْنَة مَخَاض. (O.) A man of the Arabs said, مِنَّا مَنْ يُشْنِقُ, which may mean Of us is he who gives the شُنُق, i. e. cords, pl. of شِنَاقٌ: or it may mean, who gives the شَنَق, i. e. أَرْش. (O.) b2: اشنق عَلَيْهِ He exalted himself above him; domineered over him; or oppressed him. (O, K.) 5 تشنّق He adorned himself; or was, or became, adorned: (JK, O:) and he clad himself with garments. (JK.) 6 تَشَاْنَقَ see 3.

شَنَقٌ What is between one فَرِيضَة and the next فَرِيضَة, (A'Obeyd, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) [meaning a number that is between two other numbers whereof each imposes the obligation of giving a due termed فَرِيضَة,] of camels, and of sheep or goats, (M, TA,) in relation to the poorrate: (S, Mgh, K, TA:) so called because nothing is taken therefrom; so that it is adjoined (أُشْنِقَ i. e. أَضِيفَ) to that [number] which is next to it [of the numbers below it]: (JK:) accord. to some, it is syn. with وَقَصٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) but some say that it relates peculiarly to camels; (M, Mgh, Msb;) and وَقَصٌ, to bulls and cows: (Mgh, Msb:) used in relation to sheep or goats, it is what is between forty and a hundred and twenty; and in like manner as to other numbers [that impose the obligation of giving a فريضة]: K, TA:) Ahmad Ibn-Hambal is related to have said that the شَنَق is what is above the فريضة, absolutely; as, for instance, what is above forty sheep or goats: (TA: [I here render the word دُونَ

“ above,” though it also means “ below,” because nothing is due from sheep or goats fewer than forty:]) as A'Obeyd says, it is, of camels, such as exceed five, up to ten; and what exceed ten, up to fifteen: (O, * TA: [see also 3:]) Ks states, on the authority of some one or more of the Arabs, that it is up to twenty-five; and says that it is what does pot impose the obligation of the فريضة; meaning what is between five and twenty-five: (Fr, TA:) [but it is also expl. as applied to the due itself that is to be contributed to the poorrates for certain numbers of camels: thus] Aboo-'Amr Esh-Sheybánee says, the شَنَق for five camels is a sheep or goat; for ten, two sheep or goats; for fifteen three sheep or goats; and for twenty, four sheep or goats; the term شَنَقٌ being applied alike to the sheep or goat, and to the two sheep or goats, and to the three sheep or goats, and to the four sheep or goats; what exceeds this last being termed فَرِيضَةٌ: (TA:) or, in the case of the poor-rate, the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is a sheep or goat for five camels; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is a بِنْت مَخَاض for five and twenty: (O, K:) the pl. of شَنَقٌ is أَشْنَاقٌ (M, Msb, TA) and شِنَاقٌ. (M.) b2: Also What is above the bloodwit (مَا دُونَ الدِّيَةِ): (As, S, O, Msb, K:) the term أَشْنَاق, (S, M, Msb,) pl. of شَنَقٌ, (M,) being applied to the fines, for wounds, that are sent with the complete bloodwit (S, M, * O, Msb) by him upon whom rests the obligation to send such; (S, O, Msb;) as though they were attached to the main, or greatest, fine: (S, M, * O:) and an addition, in the bloodwit, (M, Msb,) of five, (M,) or of six, (M, Msb,) or of seven, (Msb,) to the hundred camels [which constitute the complete bloodwit], (M, Msb, *) in order that it may be described as ample: (Msb:) [for,] as IAar and As and El-Athram say, the man of rank or quality, when he gave [the bloodwit], used to add to it five [or more] camels, to show thereby his excellence and his generosity: (TA:) a redundancy [in the case of the bloodwit]; (O, K;) one of the explanations of the term given by As: (O:) or in the case of bloodwits (دِيَات), the lowest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَسْفَلُ) is twenty camels whereof every one is a بِنْت مَخَاض; and the highest شَنَق (الشَّنَقُ الأَعْلَى) is twenty camels whereof every one is a جَذَعَة: (O, K:) and some say that أَشْنَاقُ الدِّيَاتِ means the sorts of bloodwits; the bloodwit for purely-unintentional homicide being a hundred camels, which those who are responsible for it undertake to give in fifths, consisting of twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة مَخَاض, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْنَة لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is an اِبْن لَبُون, and twenty whereof every one is a حِقَّة, and twenty whereof every one is a جَذَعَة; these also being termed أَشْنَاق. (TA.) b3: It signifies also A fine, or mulct, for a wound or the like; (O, Msb, K;) as, for instance, for a burn, (O, TA,) or such as a wound on the head that lays bare the bone, (Msb, TA,) and other wounds, (Msb,) and for a tooth [knocked out], and for an eye blinded, and for an arm or a hand vitiated, or rendered unsound and motionless, or stiff; and for anything short of what requires the complete bloowit: (TA:) or, as some say, a fine for that which does not render obnoxious to retaliation; as a scratch, or laceration of the skin, and the like: (M:) pl. أَشْنَاقٌ. (M, Msb.) A2: Also A burden borne on one side of a beast, equiponderant to another borne on the other side; syn. عِدْلٌ: (K, TA: [in the CK and my MS. copy of the K, العَدْلُ is erroneously put for العِدْل:]) الشَّنَقَانِ signifies العِدْلَان. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, TA. *) b2: And A rope, or cord. (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) b3: And A bow-string; (O, TA;) as also ↓ شِنَاقٌ; (O, K, * TA;) so called because it is bound to the head of the bow: (O, TA:) or, accord. to Sh, a good bow-string, i. e. strong and long. (TA.) [See what follows.]

A3: الشَّنَقُ also signifies العَمَلُ [The making a thing]: (K:) thus accord. to some in the saying of Ru-beh, describing a sportsman [and his bow], سَوَّى لَهَا كَبْدَآءَ تَنْزُو فِى الشَّنَقْ [as though meaning He prepared for it, or them, a bow such that the part whereby it was held filled the hand, springing in the making by reason of its elasticity and strength: but the word which I have written تَنْزُو, and which is thus in one place in the TA, and in another place in the same, where the verse is repeated, تَنْزُوا, is illegible in the copy of the O, and may be a mistranscription]: accord. to others, however, the last word, الشَّنَقْ, here means the bow-string. (O, TA.) شَنِقٌ, applied to a heart, Loving intensely, or very passionately or fondly; syn. هَيْمَانُ. (M, TA.) Accord. to Lth, ↓ قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ signifies طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ [app. meaning A heart aspiring to everything]: (O, L, TA:) in the K, قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ كَكَتِفٍ مُشْتَاقٌ طَامِحٌ إِلَى كُلِّ شَىْءٍ; but the right reading is قَلْبٌ شَنِقٌ مِشْنَاقٌ كَكَتِفٍ

وَمِحْرَابٍ, and the signification as above; primarily relating to the eye. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man, Cautious; or fearful. (TA.) b3: شَنِقَةٌ, applied to a woman: see 1, last sentence.

شِنَاقٌ A rope, or cord, with which the head of a he-camel and of a she-camel is pulled: [see 1, first sentence:] pl. [of pauc.] أَشْنِقَةٌ and [of mult.]

شُنُقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A cord, (A' Obeyd, S, K,) or thong, (A' Obeyd, K,) with which the mouth-of a water-skin is bound, (A' Obeyd, S, Mgh, K,) and that of a leathern water-bag, and which is untied in order that the water may pour forth: (A' Obeyd, TA:) or the suspensory cord of a water-skin: and any cord by which a thing is suspended. (M.) b3: See also شَنَقٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph.

A2: As an epithet, Tall: (ISh, S, K:) used alike as masc. and fem. (ISh, K) and dual (ISh) and pl., (ISh, K,) not dualized nor pluralized: (ISh:) applied to a man, (S, TA,) and to a woman, and to a he-camel, and to a she-camel: applied to a she-camel as meaning tall, and longnecked; as also ↓ شَنْقَآءُ: and to a he-camel as meaning tall and slender: (ISh, TA:) also, and ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, applied to a horse as meaning tall. (T, TA.) See also أَشْنَقُ.

شَنِيقٌ One whose origin is suspected; syn. دَعِىٌّ: a poet says, أَنَا الدَّاخِلُ البَابَ الَّذِى لَا يَرُومُهُ دَنِىْءٌ وَلَا يُدْعَى إِلَيْهِ شَنِيقُ [I am he who enters the door that the ignoble seeks not, and to which one whose origin is suspected is not invited]. (S.) A2: See also 1, latter half.

شَنِّيقٌ A man evil in disposition: (M, L:) or a self-conceited young man. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) And شَنِّيقَةٌ, like سِكِّينَةٌ, [in some copies of the K شَنِيقَةٌ, like سَكِينَةٌ,] A woman talking, or conversing, or who talks, or converses, in an amorous and enticing manner. (JK, Ibn-' Abbád, O, K.) شِنِقْنَاقٌ a name for A calamity or misfortune (دَاهِيَة): (Ibn-' Abbád, O, K: *) or, as some say, a name of The chiefs of the Jinn, or Genii: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or also a certain chief of the Jinn. (K.) أَشْنَقُ Long; applied to a neck. (M.) And, as also ↓ مَشْنُوقٌ, Long in the head; applied to a horse and to a camel; and so شَنْقَآءُ [the fem. of the former] and ↓ شِنَاقٌ applied to the female. (M.) For the fem., see also شِنَاقٌ.

A2: [The fem.]

شَنْقَآءُ signifies [also] A female bird that feeds her young ones with her bill, ejecting the food into their mouths. (O, K.) مِشْنَقَةٌ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

مُشَنَّقٌ Flesh-meat (Ks, S) cut in pieces: (Ks, S, K:) applied to flesh-meat, (M,) it is from the أَشْنَاق [pl. of شَنَقٌ] of the دِيَة [or bloodwit]. (Ks, S, M.) b2: And Dough cut into pieces, and prepared with oil of olives: (El-Umawee, S, M, K:) or dough cut into lumps, or pieces, upon the table, before it is spread out; also called فَرَزْدَقٌ and عَجَاجِيرُ. (IAar, TA.) مِشْنَاقٌ: see شَنِقٌ.

مَشْنُوقٌ [as pass. part. n. of شَنَقَ means Curbed by means of his nose-rein, &c. b2: And] (assumed tropical:) Hanged: one says, قُتِلَ مَشْنُوقًا (assumed tropical:) He was put to death [by being] hanged. (TA.) A2: See also شِنَاقٌ: and أَشْنَقُ.

سفط

1 سَفُطَ, aor. ـُ (M, K,) inf. n. سَفَاطَةٌ, (M, TA,) He was, or became, cheerful, happy, or free from straitness, in mind: liberal, bountiful, or munificent. (M, K, TA.) 4 مَاأَسْفَطَ نَفْسَهُ عَنْكَ How pleased, or content, is his mind to give thee up, or relinquish thee! syn. مَا أَطْيَبَهَا. (IAar, K.) 5 تسفّط الخَمْرَ It (a jar) drank up, or absorbed, the greater part of the wine. (K.) 8 اِسْتِفَاطٌ The drinking up entirely [what is in a vessel]; syn. اِشْتِفَافٌ. (K.) سَفَطٌ A thing (M, Mgh, Msb, K) like a جُوَالِق [or sack], (M, K,) or like a قُفَّة [or basket woven of palm-leaves], (K,) in which are stowed perfume and similar things, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) of the apparatus of women: (Mgh, TA:) an Arabic word, well known: (TA:) pl. أَسْفَاطٌ. (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: And hence, (tropical:) A casket, or small chest. (Mgh.) It is related that an Arab of the desert, passing by at the burial of Mo-hammad, asked why they had not placed the Apostle of God in a سَفَط of brown aloes-wood encased with gold. (TA.) سَفِيطٌ Cheerful, happy, or free from straitness, in mind: liberal, bountiful, or munificent. (S, M, K.) You say, هُوَسَفِطُ النَّفْسِ He is cheerful, happy, or free from straitness, and liberal, in mind: (TA:) or cheerful, or brisk, to do what is kind or beneficent. (As.) And نَفْسُهُ سَفِيطَةٌ بِكَذَا [His mind is pleased, or content, with such a thing]. (TA.) A2: Vile, or mean, and despised in all his circumstances: (M, K:) a man, (IAar, M, K,) or thing, (IAar, M,) of no estimation. (IAar, M, K.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (K.) b2: What drop from the tree, of green unripe dates. (M, L, K.[المُتَسافِطُ in the CK is a mistake for المُتَسَا قِطُ.]) A3: أَمْوالُهُمْ سَفِيطَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ Their possessions are mixed among them. (Az, S.) سُفَاطَةٌ The goods, or utensils and furniture, of a house or tent. (IDrd, S, [but wanting in one copy,] M, K.) سَفَّاطٌ A maker of what is called سَفَط. (TA.) إِسْفَنْطٌ, (S, M, K,) so in the handwriting of J, (TA,) and إِسْفِنْطٌ, (M, K,) also written with ص, (As, and K in art. صفط,) Perfumed juice of grapes: (M, L, K:) or wine in which are aromatics: (TA:) or the upper part of wine; (AO, M, K;) the clear part thereof; (AO, TA;) so called because the jars (دِنَان) have drunk up, or absorbed, the greater portion of it, (K, TA,) the clear part remaining; (TA;) or from سَفِيطٌ in the first of the senses assigned to it above: (IAar, K:) or various wines mixed together: (TA:) or it signifies a certain sort of beverage or wine: and is a Persian word, [originally إِسْفَنْدٌ,] arabicized: (S, K:) or, accord. to As, a Greek word, (S, M,) signifying wine: (TA:) if not Arabic, all its letters are radicals: and Sb says that it is a quinqueliteral-radical word, like إِصْطَبْلٌ. (TA.) مُسَفَّطُ الرَّأْسِ A man having a head like a سَفَط. (IAar, K.)

قدم

1 قَدَمَ القَوْمَ

, aor. قَدُمَ

, inf. n. قَدْمٌ (S, * Msb, K) and قُدُومٌ; (K;) and ↓ تَقَدَّمَهُمْ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ قَدَّمَهُمْ; and ↓ اِسْتَقْدَمَهُمْ; (K:) He became before the people: (TA:) syn. سَبَقَهُمْ; (Msb;) he preceded them; went before them; took precedence of them; headed them; led them, so as to serve as an example, or object of imitation. b2: See أَمَّهُمْ. b3: قَدِمَ البَلَدَ, aor. قَدَمَ

, inf. n. قُدُومٌ and مَقْدَمٌ, [He came to, or arrived at, the town, &c.] (Msb.) أَخْذَنِى مَا قَدُمَ وَماَ حَدُثَ: see art. حدث. b4: قَدِمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ i. q.

عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَقْدَمَ [He advanced boldly to undertake the affair]. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse voce مُضَافٌ. b5: See 6.2 قَدَّمَ زَيْدًا إِلَى الحَائِطِ He brought Zeyd near, or caused him to draw near, or to approach, to the wall. (Msb.) b2: قَدَّمَهُ He put it forward; offered it; proffered it. b3: He brought, and brought forward, him or it. b4: قَدَّمَ لَهُ طَعَامًا He proffered, offered, or presented to him, food. b5: قَدَّمَ He did good or evil previously, or beforehand: (Bd, and Jel in xxxvi. 11; &c.:) he laid up in store. (Bd in xii. 48.) See زَلَّفَهُ. b6: قَدَّمَ He made foremost; put, brought, or sent, forward; he advanced him or it: he promoted him. b7: قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيَرِهِ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ, He made him, or it, to be before, or have precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he placed, or put, him, or it, before another; or made him, or it, to precede another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he preferred him, or it, before another; or honoured, or esteemed, him, or it, above another. (Kull, p. 104.) b8: قَدَّمَهُ لِكَذَا He prepared it, or provided it beforehand, for such a thing. See Kur, xii. 48. b9: قَدَّمَ عِنْدَ اللّٰهِ خَيْرًا He prepared, or provided in store, for himself, good, [i. e. a reward,] with God. (A and Mgh in art. حسب.) b10: قدّم لَهُ الثَّمَنَ He paid him in advance, or beforehand, the price. b11: قَدَّمَ أَنْ پَفْعَلَ كَذَا He preferred doing such a thing; syn. آثَرَ, i. e. فَضَّلَ. (M in art. أَثر.) [Hence, قَدَّمَ العَجْزَ فِىالشَّىْءِ He preferred backwardness with respect to the thing.] (See فَرَّطَ and فُرُطٌ: and see Kull, p. 279.) b12: قَدَّمَ syn. with تَقَدَّمَ, q. v.: like as أَخَّرَ is with تَأَخَّرَ: so in the Kur, xli. 1. (TA, art, أخر.) b13: قَدَّمَ [is trans. and intrans.: for its significations as an intrans. v., see its syn. تقدّم, and see 1:] as a trans. v. it is contr. of أَخَّرَ. (Msb, art. أخر.) b14: قَدَّمَ is syn. with بَدَأَ بِهِ. (Mgh and Msb in art. بدأ.) b15: قَدَّمَ

إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا: see تَقَدَّمَ. b16: See تَأَذَّنَ voce

آذَنَ. b17: قَدَّمَ أَوْلَادًا and قَدَّمَتْهُمْ: see أَفْرَطَ. b18: قَدَّمَهُ and ↓ أَقْدَمَهُ He urged him forward. (Mo'allakát, 157.) b19: قَدَّمَ has تَقْدِمَةٌ for an inf. n. 4 أَقْدَمَ He was bold, or audacious. b2: أَقْدَمَ عَلَى الأَمْرِ He ventured upon, or addressed himself to, the thing boldly, courageously, or daringly; (S, K;) he attempted it. b3: أَقْدَمَ على قِرْنِهِ He behaved boldly, courageously, or daringly, against his adversary; (Msb;) he attached him. b4: See 1. b5: أَقْدِمْ, (improperly إِقْدِمْ,) said to a horse, Advance boldly! (S.) So rendered voce أَهَابَ, and هَبْ.5 تَقَدَّمَ He was, or became, or went, before, or ahead; preceded; had, or took, precedence; contr. of تَأَخَّرَ, q. v. See 1. b2: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَى

الحَائِطِ He drew near, or approached, to the wall. (Msb.) b3: تَقَدَّمَ He advanced; went forward, or onward. (L, art. قود.) b4: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى الحَقِّ: see Bd, xviii. 27. b5: تَقَدَّمَ He became advanced, or promoted. b6: تَقَدَّمَ مِنْهُ كَلاَمٌ: see فَرَطَ: but the primary meaning is, Speech proceeded from him previously. b7: تَقَدَّمَ عَلَى

غَيْرِهِ quasi-pass. of قَدَّمَهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ; He, or it, was, or became, before, or had precedence of, another, in time: and in place; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, before another; preceded another; went before another: and in rank, or dignity; i. e. he, or it, was, or became, preferred before another; or honoured, or esteemed, above another: in all these senses like تَقَدَّمَ غَيْرَهُ. See بَكَّرَ. b8: تَقَدَّمَ فِى أَمْرٍ [He was forward in an affair] قَبْلَ فِعْلِهِ [before doing it]. (A'Obeyd, T in art. رمى.) b9: تَقَدَّمَ i. q.

سَبَقَ; (K, art. سبق, &c.;) and contr. of تَأَخَّرَ. (TA, art. أخر.) b10: تَقَدَّمَ إِلَيْهِ فِى كَذَا, (K,) or بِكَذَا, (Msb,) or both, (Mgh,) He commanded, ordered, bade, charged, or enjoined, him respecting, or to do, such a thing; (Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ قَدَّمَ, inf. n. تَقْدِيمٌ. (Msb.) 6 تَقَادَمَ is best rendered It became old: and ↓ قَدُمَ it was old.8 اِقْتَدَى بِهِ He did as he did, following his example; or taking him as an example, an exemplar, a pattern, or an object of imitation. (Msb.) He followed his example, imitated him; &c.10 اِسْتَقْدَمَ He went before. b2: اِسْتَقْدَمَتْ رِحَالَتُكَ: see art. رحل.

قَدَمٌ The human foot, from the ankle downwards. (Mgh.) b2: لَهُ قَدَمٌ رَاسِخَةٌ فِى العِلْمِ: see art. رسخ. b3: عَلَى قَدَمٍ عَظِيمٍ

On an excellent foundation. b4: فُلَانٌ عَلَى قَدَمِ فُلَانٍ

Such a one is successor of such a one.

قِدَمٌ Oldness; antiquity. b2: Existence, or duration, or time, without beginning; like

أَزَلٌ (Kull, p. 31; &c.) See أَزَلٌ. b3: عَلَى وَجْهِ الدَّهْرِ: قِدَمُ الدَّهْرِ means properly the olden time; antiquity. b4: علَىَ قِدَمِ الدَّهْرِ [In, or from, old, or ancient, time; of old]. (S, M, K, art. أس; in the first and last of which it is coupled with the like phrase.) مِنْ قُدُمٍ

[In front]. (K, voce ظُنْبُوبٌ.) b2: قُدُمٌ: see أُخُرٌ.

قاَدِمَةٌ as applied to a part of a camel's saddle is an improper word: the proper term is وَاسِطٌ.

قَدُومٌ An adz; [so in the present day, but pronounced قَدُّوم;] a certain implement of the carpenter; (S, Mgh, Msb;) a فَأْس with which one hews, or forms or fashions by cutting. (S.) قَدِيمٌ Ancient; old; to which no commencement is assigned. b2: مَالٌ قَدِيمٌ Old, or long-possessed, property. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, all in art. تلد.) b3: قَدِيمٌ The reputation (حَسَبٌ) of a man or people. (TA, art. دثر.) See a verse in 1 of art. ثنى. b4: القَدِيمُ, as an epithet applied to God, i. q. القَدِيمُ الأَزَلِىُّ The Ancient without beginning.

القُدَّامُ The location that is before.

قَوادِمُ

: respecting the feathers thus called, see voce مَنَاكِبُ, and أَبْهَرُ.

جَرِىْءُ المُقْدَمِ

: see art. جرأ. المُقْدَم is here syn. with الإِقْدَام.

مَقْدَامٌ Very bold or daring or courageous (S, K,) against the enemy; (S;) as also مَقْدَامَةٌ. (S.) b2: مِقْدَامَةٌ: see voce مِعْزاَبَة. b3: [The pl.]

مَقَادِمُ Fronts; fore parts. See an ex. voce أَعْثَرَ. b4: مَقَادِيمُ The front of the forehead. (JK.) مُقَدَّمٌ A provost, chief, head, director, conductor, or manager. b2: مُقَدَّمٌ The antecedent (or first proposition) in an enthymeme, and (first part) of a hypothetical proposition. b3: مُقَدَّمَةٌ The van, or vanguard, of an army.

مُقَدِّمَةٌ The ground whereon rests an inquiry or investigation: and the ground whereon rests the truth of an evidence or a demonstration: and a [premiss or] proposition which is made a part of a syllogism: and المُقَدِّمَةُ الغَرِيبَةُ is that [premiss] which is both actually and virtually suppressed in the syllogism; as when we say, A is equal to B, and B is equal to C, when it results that A is equal to C, by means of the مُقَدِّمَة غَرِيبَة, which is, every equal to the equal of a thing is equal to that thing. (KT.) مُتَقَدِّمٌ Preceding: anterior; being, or lying, in advance of others. b2: مُتَقَدِّمٌ فِى الأُمُورِ Forward in affairs.

الآمُسْتَقْدِمِينَ in the Kur, xv. 24: see Bd; and see its opposite, المُسْتَأْخِرِينَ.