فطن

1 فَطِنَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. فِطْنَــةٌ and فَطَانَةٌ and فَطَانِيَةٌ [&c. as in the next sentence, He was, or became, intelligent, understanding, knowing, sagacious, or skilful: see the explanations of فِطْنَــةٌ below]; (S;) and فَطُنَ signifies [the same, i. e.] he became such as is termed فَطِن. (Lth, TA.) You say, فَطِنَ لَهُ, (Msb, K,) and إِلَيْهِ, and بِهِ, (K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) and فَطَنَ, aor. ـُ (Msb, K;) and فَطُنَ, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. فَطْنٌ (Msb, K) and فَطْنٌ and فُطْنٌ and فَطَنٌ and فُطُنٌ (K) and فِطْنَــةٌ and فِطَانٌ (Msb) and فُطُونَةٌ and فَطَانَةٌ and فَطَانِيَةٌ; (K;) He was, or became, [intelligent, understanding, knowing, or sagacious, respecting it; (agreeably with explanations above;) or] skilled of it, i. e. skilful in it; (K;) namely, an affair: (Msb:) [and he understood, or knew, it; often used in this sense:] and sometimes they said فَطَنَــهُ, making the verb trans. by itself, because it implies the meaning of فَهِمَ; (TA;) or فَطَنْــتُ الشَّىْءِ, with fet-h, signifies I understood, or knew, the thing: (S:) and some say that فَطَانَةٌ [as inf. n., agreeably with analogy, of فَطُنَ, which see in what follows,] signifies [the possessing] excellence in respect of readiness of intelligence for the perception of what comes to one from another. (TA.) [فَطَنَ لَهُ also signifies He took notice of, or paid attention to, him, or it: see Har p. 626, and Ham p. 695.] And فَطُنَ signifies [also] He became one of whom فِطْنَــة [i. e. intelligence, &c., as expl. below,] was a سَجِيَّة [meaning faculty, or quality, firmly rooted in the mind]. (Msb.) 2 فطّنــهُ للأَمْرِ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَفْطِينٌ, (K, TA,) He made him to understand, or know, the affair: (K, * TA:) or he made him knowing in the various modes of the affair, and skilful therein. (Msb.) Hence the prov., لَا يُــفَطِّنُ القَارَةَ إِلَّا الحِجَارَة i. e. [Nothing will make] the she-bear [to understand, except stones]. (TA.) And فطّنــهُ المُعَلِّمُ means The teacher rendered him فَطِن [i. e. intelligent, &c.,] by the disciplining of his mind and the correcting him. (TA.) 3 مُفَاطَنَةٌ is of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ from فَطِنَ: (S:) [as such it signifies The contending, or vying, one with another, in intelligence, understanding, knowledge, sagacity, or skill; whence فَاطَنْتُهُ is used in the K (in art. حجو) as a syn. of حَاجَيْتُهُ, q. v.: or] it signifies [sometimes] the showing intelligence, understanding, knowledge, sagacity, or skill, one with another. (PS.) [Agreeably with the former explanation,] one says, فَاطَنَهُ فِى الكَلَامِ i. e. He held a dialogue or colloquy, or a disputation or debate, with him [with the view of trying which of them would prove superior in intelligence, &c.]; syn. رَاجَعَهُ. (K) [See also 3 in art. لحن.]5 تــفطّن لَهُ He understood it, or knew it, [quickly, or] with quickness of intelligence; namely, what was said. (TA.) فَطْنٌ: see what next follows.

فَطُنٌ: see what next follows.

فَطِنٌ (S, Msb, K, KL) and ↓ فَطُنٌ (S, K, KL) and ↓ فَطْنٌ and ↓ فَطِينٌ and ↓ فَطُونٌ and ↓ فَاطِنٌ (K) are epithets (S, K, TA) applied to a man, (S, TA,) signifying Intelligent, understanding, knowing, sagacious, or skilful; (S, * K, * KL;) the first expl. by Lth as signifying possessing فِطْنَــة respecting things: (TA:) and it signifies one of whom فِطْنَــة has become a سَجِيَّة [meaning faculty, or quality, firmly rooted in the mind]: (Msb:) the pl. [of this] is فُطْنٌ, (K,) or فُزُنٌ, with two dammehs, (Msb,) or both: (TA:) and the fem. is فَطِنَــةٌ. (K.) فَطِنٌ بِخُصُومَتِهِ means A man knowing in the various modes of his disputation, or litigation, and skilful therein. (Msb.) فِطْنَــةٌ [mentioned above as an inf. n. seems to be regarded by some as a simple subst., and] signifies Intelligence, understanding, knowledge, sagacity, (S, * KL, PS,) or skill; (K, KL, PS;) contr. of غَبَاوَةٌ: (TA:) or, accord. to some, such [intelligence, &c.,] as is instinctive [or natural; infused into the mind by God]; not acquired. (TA.) [See also ذِهْنٌ.]

فَطُونٌ: see فَطِنٌ.

فَطِينٌ: see فَطِنٌ.

فَاطِنٌ: see فَطِنٌ.

قمط

1 قَمَطَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and قَمِطَ, (M, K,) inf. n. قَمْطٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) He bound a child (S, Msb) in the cradle, and a sheep or goat on the occasion of slaughtering it, (S,) with the قِمَاط [q. v.]: (S, Msb:) or قَمَطَهُ signifies he bound his arms and legs, or hands and feet, together, like as is done with a child in the cradle, (K, TA,) and elsewhere, putting his limbs [or arms] next to the body, and then winding upon him the قِمَاط: (TA:) and he bound his (a captive's, Mgh, Msb, K, or others', Mgh) arms and legs, or hands and feet, together, (Mgh, Msb, K, *) with a rope; (Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ قمّطهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. تَقْمِيطٌ: (M, TA:) and قُمِطَ he (a captive) was thus bound. (S, TA.) b2: قَمَطَ الإِبِلَ, (TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He disposed the camels in a file, string, or series. (K, TA.) 2 قَمَّطَ see 1.

قِمْطٌ: see قِمَاطٌ, in two places.

قِمَاطٌ The thing, (S,) or wide piece of rag, (Msb,) with which a child is bound (S, Msb) in the cradle: (S:) or the piece of rag, (Mgh, K,) or wide piece of rag, (TA,) which is wound upon a child (M, K, TA) when he is bound in the cradle: (Mgh, TA: *) pl. قُمُطٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) b2: A rope with which the legs of a sheep or goat are bound (S, Mgh, K) on the occasion of the slaughtering; (S, K;) as also ↓ قِمْطٌ: (K:) or a rope with which the arms and legs, or hands and feet, of a captive are bound together: (Msb, K:) pl. as above; (Mgh;) and the pl. of قُمُطٌ [probably a mistranscription for قِمْطٌ] is أَقْمَاطٌ. (TA.) b3: قُمُطٌ also signifies The شُرُط, (Mgh, Msb,) meaning wide woven ropes, (Mgh,) of fibres or leaves of the palm-tree, by which a booth of reeds or canes is bound: or, as some say, the pieces of wood that are upon the outside of a booth of reeds or canes, or in its inside, to which are bound the bundles of reeds or canes that form the roof: (Mgh, Msb:) or the heads [or extremities] thereof: (Msb:) or قمط, with damm, [app. meaning قُمُطٌ, with damm to the second letter as well as the first, or قُمْطٌ as a contraction of قُمُطٌ, like as كُتْبٌ, accord. to some, is a contraction of كُتُبٌ,] as IAth says, on the authority of Hr, (TA,) or ↓ قِمْطٌ, with kesr, (S, K,) signifies the thing, (S,) or rope, (K, TA,) of fibres or leaves of the palmtree, (TA,) with which booths of reeds or canes are bound: (S, K, TA:) and hence مَعَاقِدُ القِمْطِ [the places where such ropes are tied]. (S.) b4: Also قِمَاطٌ (assumed tropical:) The snares by which one snares men: and [its pl.] قُمُطٌ, accord. to the A, (tropical:) the cords of stratagems or tricks. (TA.) [Hence,] وَقَعْتُ عَلَى قِمَاطِهِ (assumed tropical:) I became acquainted with his stratagems, or tricks, (Lth, K,) or his snares by which he snares men. (TA.) [The explanation of this phrase by Lth is وقعت عَلى بُنُودِهِ: that in the K, فَطِنْــتُ بُنُودَهُ: another explanation is given in the TA, which is, فَطِنْــتُ لَهُ فى تُؤَدَةٍ: in the JK, فَطَنْــتُ بِتُؤَودَةٍ: the right reading in the K and JK seems to be فَطِنْــتُ بِبُنُودِهِ: and that of the explanation in the TA mentioned in this sentence is most probably, I think, فَطِنْــتُ لَهُ فِى بُنُودِهِ I understood him in his stratagems, &c.]

قَمَّاطٌ A maker of قُمُط [pl. of قِمَاط] for children. (TA.) b2: A rope-maker. (TA.)

تبن

1 تَبَنَ, aor. ـِ (S, M, K,) inf. n. تَبْنٌ, (S,) He fed a beast with تِبْن [q. v.]. (S, M, K.) b2: Also He sold [تِبْن, i. e.] straw. (KL.) A2: تَبِنَ, (T, S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. تَبَنٌ, (T, S,) or تَبْنٌ, (M, K,) and تَبَانَةٌ (T, S, * M, K) and تَبَانِيَةٌ, (M,) He was, or became, intelligent, sagacious, skilful, or knowing; syn. فَطِنَ, (K,) or صَارَ فَطِنًــا; (S;) and nice, or minute, in inspection (S, K) into affairs: (S:) or تَبَانَةٌ signifies the being very intelligent or sagacious or skilful or knowing, and nice, or minute, in inspection; as also طَبَانَهٌ; accord. to AO and AA: (T:) these two words signify the same (T, S, M *) accord. to [most of] the leading authorities: (T:) and Yaakoob asserts that the ت is a substitute for ط: (M:) [or the reverse seems to be the case in the opinion of Az, who here remarks that there are many instances of the change of ت into ط:] or the former is in evil; and the latter, in good: (M:) or, accord. to Lth, طَبِنَ means in evil; and تَبِنَ, in good; so that he makes طبانة to be in deceiving, or beguiling, and suddenly, or unexpectedly, attacking or destroying: but En-Nadr says the contr.; and accord. to him, طَبَنٌ signifies the having knowledge of affairs, and intelligence, or sagacity, and science: (T:) and ↓ تبّن, inf. n. تَتْبِينٌ signifies the same as تَبِنَ: (K:) or he inspected nicely, or minutely: as in a trad. in which it is said, respecting a woman whose husband has died leaving her pregnant, يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ جَمِيعِ المَالِ حَتَّى تَبَّنْتُمْ مَا تَبَّنْتُمْ, meaning [She shall be expended upon from the whole of the property] until ye make a nice, or minute, inspection [into the circumstances of the case], and say otherwise, (T, S,) i. e., that she shall be expended upon from her own share: (T:) and so in another trad., in which it is said, إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالكَلِمَةِ يُتَبِّنُ فِيهَا يَهْوِى بِهَا فِى النَّارِ, (A 'Obeyd, T, M,) i. e. [Verily a man will say a saying] in which he will be nice, or minute [in expression, whereby he will fall into the fire of Hell]: (TA:) here A 'Obeyd thinks the meaning to be the making language obscure, or abstruse, and disputing in a matter of religion. (T.) Yousay also, تَبِنَ لَهُ (T, M, TA) He understood it; or knew it; or had knowledge, or was cognizant, of it; (TA;) i. q. طَبِنَ. (M.) 2 تبّن, inf. n. تَتْبِينٌ: see 1.

A2: تَبْنّهُ, inf. n. as before, He clad him with a تُبَّان. (TA.) 8 اِتَّبَنَ He clad himself with a تُبَّان. (K.) تَبْنٌ: see what next follows.

تِبْنٌ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ تَبْنٌ (M, K) Straw; i. e. the stalks, or stems, (عَصِيف, M, K,) or the stalk, or stem, (سَاق, Msb,) of seed-produce, (M, Msb, K,) such as wheat and the like, (M, K,) [generally] after it has been trodden or thrashed [and cut]; (Msb;) wheat when it has been trodden or thrashed [and cut] by the feet of beasts or by repeatedly drawing over it the [machine called] مِدْوَس [q. v.]: (Mgh in art. دوس:) [a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة [signifying a straw, or piece of straw]. (S, M.) You say أَقَلُّ مِنْ تِبْنَةٍ [Less than a straw, or piece of straw]. (TA.) A2: Also, the former, A great bowl: (S:) or a bowl that satisfies the thirst of twenty: (K:) or the greatest of bowls, that almost satisfies the thirst of twenty: (Ks, S, M:) next is the صَحْن, which is nearly equal thereto: then, the عُسّ, that satisfies the thirst of three and of four: then, the قَدَح, that satisfies the thirst of two men: then, the قَعْب, that satisfies the thirst of one man: then, the غُمَر: (Ks, S:) or a bowl of rude, or rough, make; not made neatly, or skilfully. (M.) b2: [Hence, probably,] (assumed tropical:) A liberal, or bountiful, and noble, chief. (K.) b3: And A wolf. (K.) تَبِنٌ Intelligent, sagacious, skilful, or knowing; and nice, or minute, in inspection (S, M, K) into affairs; (S;) as also طَبِنٌ: (M:) [or very intelligent, &c.: and accord. to some, in evil: or in good: see تَبِنَ.] b2: And One who plays with his hand with everything. (K.) تَبَّانٌ A seller of تِبْن: (S, M, K:) thus, perfectly decl., if of the measure فَعَّال, from التِّبْنُ: but if of the measure فَعْلَان, from التَّبُّ [the act of cutting (for تِبْن is generally cut by the thrashingmachine)], it is [تَبَّانُ,] imperfectly decl. (S.) تُبَّانٌ Small سَرَاوِيل [or breeches], (S, Mgh, K,) without legs, [i. e. having only two holes through which to put the legs,] (TA in art. ثفر,) [made of linen, and of leather,] of the measure of a span, (S, Mgh,) such as to conceal the anterior and posterior pudenda (S, Mgh, K, TA) only; (TA;) worn by sailors (S, Mgh) [and by wrestlers]: or a thing like سراويل: (M, Msb:) or a thing like small سراويل: (T:) [it is an arabicized word, from the Persian تُنْبَانٌ:] the Arabs make it masc. (T, M, Msb) and fem.: (Msb:) pl. تَبَابِينُ. (T, Msb.) تَبَّانَةٌ (TA) and ↓ مَتْبَنَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and ↓ مَتْبَنٌ (Mgh, Msb) The place, (TA,) or house, or the like, (Mgh, Msb,) of [or for] تِبْن. (Mgh, Msb, TA.) مَتْبَنٌ: see تَبَّانَةٌ.

مَتْبَنَةٌ: see تَبَّانَةٌ.

مَتْبُونٌ, applied to a horse such as is termed بِرْذَون, Of the colour of تِبْن [or straw]. (TA.)

خشن

1 خَشُنَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. خُشُونَةٌ and خُشْنَةٌ (S, Msb, K, KL) and خَشَانَةٌ (CK, TA, but omitted in some copies of the K) and خَشْنٌ and مَخْشَنَةٌ, (K,) It was, or became, rough, harsh, or coarse; (K, * KL, PS;) contr. of لَانَ, (S, K,) or of نَعُمَ; (Msb;) as also ↓ تخشّن. (K.) b2: [Hence,] هُوَ ذُو خَشْنَةٍ and خُشُونَةٍ (K) and مَخْشَنَةٍ (TA) (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also خَشِنٌ.]) And خَشُنَ عَلَيْهِ صَدْرِهِ and عليه صدره ↓ اخشوشن (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, angry with him. (Sh, TA.) See also 3.2 خَشَّنَ [خشّنهُ He made it rough, harsh, or coarse. b2: Hence,] خشّن صَدْرَهُ, inf. n. تَخْشِينٌ, (tropical:) He exasperated him; made him to be affected with wrath, or rage. (S, K, TA.) A poet says, وَخَشَّنَتْ صَدْرًا جَيْبُهُ لَكَ نَاصِحُ [explained in art. جيب]. (S.) 3 خاشنهُ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. مُخَاشَنَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was rough, harsh, or coarse, to him; syn. عَلَيْهِ ↓ خَشُنَ; in speech, and in action; (M, TA;) [he acted towards him, or with him, roughly, harshly, or coarsely;] contr. of لَايَنَهُ. (S, K.) 5 تَخَشَّنَ see 1: b2: and see also 12.10 استخشنهُ He found it [or esteemed it] rough, harsh, or coarse. (K.) A2: Hence, in a trad. of 'Alee, making mention of pious men of learning, اسْتَلَانُوا مَا اسْتَخْشَنَ المُتْرَفُونَ (assumed tropical:) [and they esteemed, or esteem, soft, or smooth, what those leading a life of ease and plenty esteemed, or esteem, rough, harsh, or coarse]. (TA.) and استخشن المَقَامَ فِى مَحَلِّ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) [He esteemed unpleasant, or uncomfortable, the remaining in such a place of abode]. (TA in art. بشع.) 12 اخشوشن (JK, S, K) and ↓ تخشّن (K) It was, or became, very rough, harsh, or coarse: (S, K:) or (K.) he wore rough, harsh, or coarse, clothes: (JK, K:) or the former signifies also he accustomed himself to the wearing of such clothes: (S:) or each, he ate rough, harsh, or coarse, food: (TA:) or the former, (JK,) or each, (K,) (assumed tropical:) he said what was rough, harsh, or coarse: (JK, K, TA:) or (assumed tropical:) he lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) The former verb is more intensive in all its senses (K, TA) than خَشُنَ and تخشّن, because of the repetition of the medial radical and the addition of the و; and the same is the case of every verb of this class, as اعشوشب and the like, as is indicated in the S. (TA.) b2: See also 1.

خَشِنٌ Rough, harsh, or coarse; (S, * Msb, * K, KL, PS;) applied to a thing (S, Msb, K) of any kind; (K;) as also ↓ أَخْشَنُ: (S, Msb, K:) in relation to a stone, they seldom or never say otherwise than أَخْشَنُ: (Msb:) the fem. of the former is with ة; (Msb, K;) and the pl. is خُشُنٌ, (Msb,) [also said to be a pl. by poetic license of أَخْشَنُ, for خُشْنٌ, as will be seen below,] or خِشَانٌ, (K,) which is applied in the sense explained above to land [or lands]: (TA:) the fem. of ↓ أَخْشَنُ is خَشْنَآءُ; (K;) and the pl. is خُشْنٌ. (S.) You say أَرْضٌ خَشِنَةٌ Rough, or rugged, ground or land. (Msb.) And أَرْضٌ

↓ خشْنَآءُ Rugged ground or land, (JK, TA,) in which are stones and sand. (TA.) And مُلَآءَةٌ

↓ خَشْنَآءُ [A wrapper for the body] in which is roughness, harshness, or coarseness, either from newness or from make. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A strong man. (Msb.) And هُوَ خَشِنُ الجَانِبِ and ↓ أَخْشَنُهُ (tropical:) He is difficult, refractory, or stubborn; not to be coped with. (K, TA. [See also 1.]) And عَاشَ عَيْشًا خَشِنًا (assumed tropical:) He lived a rough, or coarse, life. (K.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

خُشَيْنَآءُ [dim. of خَشْنَآءُ] A certain small herb, or leguminous plant, green, found in meadows, and plains; so called because of its roughness, or harshness, or coarseness. (TA.) See also خَشنَآءُ at the end of the next paragraph.

أَخْشَنُ, and its fem. خَشْنَآءُ: see خَشِنٌ, in five places. You say also كَتِيبَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (tropical:) [An army, or a portion thereof, bristling with weapons: or] having many weapons: (JK, S, K, TA:) [and in like manner, ↓ جَيْشٌ خَشِنٌ, occurring in the TA in art. خمس:] and مَعْشَرٌ خُشْنٌ and خُشُنٌ; the latter allowable in poetry: (S: [it is there implied that this has a similar meaning:]) or the last signifies (assumed tropical:) [a company of men] who resist harm, or injury. (Ham p. 5.) And أُثْفِيَّةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A great number [of people]. (S in art. ثَفى.) b2: Also, (K, TA,) or ↓ أُخَيْشِنُ, (JK,) (tropical:) A man whose state, or condition, is discommended. (JK, K, TA. [See also مُخَشَّنَةٌ.]) And the fem., (assumed tropical:) A she-camel lean, or emaciated. (JK, K.) and سَنَةٌ خَشْنَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A year of drought or distress. (JK.) b3: A rájiz says, مِنْ يَثْرِبِيَّاتٍ خُشْنِ meaning [Of the fabric of Yethrib,] new [unfeathered arrows]. (S, TA.) b4: خَشْنَآءُ also signifies A certain green herb, or leguminous plant, (A Hn, JK, K,) having short leaves, (JK,) that spreads upon the ground, (AHn,) rough to the feel, but soft in the mouth, viscous like purslane; (AHn, K;) its blossom is yellow, and it is eaten [by men], and is like wise a pasture: (AHn:) also called ↓ خُشَيْنَآءُ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ dim. of أَخْشَنُ as syn. with خَشِنٌ. (TA.) أُخَيْشِنُ فِى ذَاتِ اللّٰهِ is a phrase occurring in a trad. [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) Somewhat rough or coarse in clothing, or in mode of living, for the sake, or to obtain the approbation, of God]. (S, TA.) See also أَخْشَنُ.

مُخَشَّنَةٌ A she-camel whose طِرْق [or condition in respect of fatness] is discommended. (JK, K. [See also أَخْشَنُ.])

كيس

1 كَاسَ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. كَيْسٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and كِيَاسَةٌ (S, A, K) and كُوسَى, with و put in the place of ى, [originally كُيْسَى,] (Seer [mentioned by him as syn. with كَيْسٌ]) He (a boy, S [but often said of a man also,]) was, or became, acute, or sharp, or quick, in intellect; shrewd; clever; ingenious; skilful; knowing; intelligent: كَيْسٌ being the contr. of حُمْقٌ; (S, A, K;) and i. q. ظَرْفٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) and خِقَّةٌ, and تَوَقُّدٌ, (TA,) and فِطْنَــةٌ, (Msb, TA,) and فِقْهٌ, (TA,) and عَقْلٌ. (IAar, A, Msb, K.) b2: كَاسَ فِى الأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ (A, TA,) inf. n. كَيْسٌ; (Mgh, TA;) and ↓ تكيّس; and ↓ تكايس; (A, TA;) He acted gently, (TA,) or with good gentleness or moderation or calmness, (Mgh,) in the affair. (Mgh, TA.) A2: كَاسَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, * K,) inf. n. كَيْسٌ, (A, TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, (S, A, K,) in كِيَاسَة (A, K) or كَيْس (A, Nh) [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.: see above]. So in the following words of a trad., (K,) said by the prophet to Jábir Ibn-'Abd-Allah El-Ansáree, (TA,) أَتَرَانِى

إِنَّمَا كِسْتُكَ لِآخُذَ جَمَلَكَ لَكَ الثَّمَنُ وَلَكَ الجَمَلُ [Dost thou think me to have only overcome thee in acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, &c., in order that I might take thy camel? Thine be the price, and thine be the camel]: (K, * TA:) or, according to another relation, خُذْ جَمَلَكَ وَمَالَكَ [Take thou thy camel and thy property]: and accord. to another, إِنَّمَا مَا كَسْتُكَ [that I have only acted in a niggardly manner with thee], from المِكَاسُ. (TA.) b2: كَيِسَ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. كَيَسٌ, is also mentioned by IKtt as a dial. form of كَاسَ in the sense of He overcame or surpassed [in acuteness &c.] (TA.) 2 كيّسهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَكْيِيسٌ, (TA,) He (God, TK) made him acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd; clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent; (K, TA;) and well educated, or well bred. (TA.) 3 كايسهُ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. مُكَايَسَةٌ, (TA), He vied, or contended, with him in كَيْس [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.: see 1]. (K.) You say, كَايَسْتُهُ فَكِسْتُهُ [I vied, or contended, with him in acuteness, &c., and] I overcame, or surpassed, him (S, A) [therein, i. e.] in كَيْس. (A.) And كَايَسَهُ فِى

البَيْعِ (S, A) [He vied, or contended, with him in acuteness, &c., in selling; as seems to be indicated in the S: or] he jested, or joked, with him (لَاغَاهُ) in selling. (A, TA.) 4 أَكْيَسَ and أَكَاسَ He (a man, S) had born to him children acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd; clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent: (S, K:) or he begot a child acute &c. (IKtt.) And أَكْيَسَتْ and أَكَاسَتْ She brought forth children acute &c. (A.) A poet says, فَلَوْ كُنْتُمْ لِمِكْيَسَةٍ أَكَاسَتْ وَكَيْسُ الأُمِّ يُعْرَفُ فِى البَنِينَا [But if ye belonged to one who most generally brought forth children acute in intellect, she had brought forth such children; for the acuteness of intellect of the mother is known in the sons]. (S.) 5 تكيّس He affected acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect, shrewdness, cleverness, ingeniousness, skilfulness, knowledge, or intelligence: [see تَعَقَّلَ:] or did so, not having it: syn. تَظَرَّفَ: (S, K, TA:) he feigned, or made a show of, كَيْس [i. e. acuteness or sharpness or quickness of intellect; &c.]. (TA.) b2: See also 1.6 تَكَاْيَسَ see 1.

كَيْسٌ: see 1: A2: and see also كَيِّسٌ.

كِيسٌ [A purse;] a well known receptacle; (TA;) a thing made of pieces of rag sewed together; (Msb;) for money, (S, K, TA,) and for pearls and sapphires: (TA:) [so called] because it comprises them: (K, TA:) [a remark that seems to indicate a signification of كَاسَ or some other word from the same root which I do not find elsewhere pointed out: but the more probable derivation is from the Persian كِيسَهْ:] that which is tied up, of leather, and of pieces of rag, is not called thus, but is called خَرِيطَةٌ: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَكْيَاسٌ (S, Msb, K) and كِيَسَةٌ. (K.) b2: Hence, (TA,) (tropical:) The membrane that encloses a child in the womb; syn. مَشِيمَةٌ. (K, TA.) b3: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) The scrotum.]

كَيِّسٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ كَيْسٌ, (TA,) [like هِيِّنٌ and هَيْنٌ, &c.,] Acute, or sharp, or quick, in intellect; clever; ingenious; skilful; knowing; intelligent: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) fem. كَيِّسَةٌ: (S, A:) and ↓ كِيسَى, applied to a woman, is syn with كَيِّسَةٌ, and is, as also كُوسَى, [each originally كُيْسَى,] fem. of أَكْيَسُ: (S:) [whence it appears that this last word is accord. to J syn. with كَيِّسٌ; i. e., a simple epithet, like its contr. أَحْمَقُ: but it has another signification, for which see below:] or, accord. to Kr, كِيسَى and كُوسَى are pls. of كَيِّسَةٌ; and there are no similar instances except ضِيقَى and ضُوقَى, pls. of ضَيِّقَةٌ, and طُوبَى, pl. of طَيِّبَةٌ: but ISd holds them to be fems. of the measure أَفْعَلُ: (TA: [see ضُوقَى in art. ضيق:]) the pl. of كَيِّسٌ is أَكْيَاسٌ (A, Mgh, Msb, TA) and كَيْسَىِ, (A, K, TA [in the CK, erroneously, كِيسى,]) like حَمْقَى, (A,) having this latter form in order that it may resemble its contr., حَمْقَى: (TA:) and كِيَاسٌ is pl. of كَيِّسَةٌ, (A, TA,) [and أَكَايِيسُ is app. pl. of كِيَاسٌ: see an ex. voce طِشَّةٌ.] You also say, ↓ رَجُلٌ كَيِّسٌ مُكَيَّسٌ, meaning, A man acute or sharp or quick in intellect, &c.: (S:) or [acute &c., and] described as being so; or having the attribute of كَيْس ascribed to him: (A:) or ↓ رَجُلٌ مُكَيَّسٌ signifies, as also كَيِّسٌ, a man known as possessing كَيْس [or acuteness &c.]. (TA.) And إِمْرَأَةٌ كَيِّسَةٌ A woman well educated, or well bred. (TA.) and رَجُلٌ كَيِّسُ الفِعْل A man good in action or conduct. (TA.) And بَنَى دَارًا كَيِّسَةً (A) (tropical:) He built an elegant house; syn. ظَرِيفَةً. (TA.) [The dim. كُوَيِّسٌ, more properly كُيَيِّسٌ or كِيَيِّسٌ, is much used in the present day as signifying (tropical:) Elegant, pretty, or beautiful.]

كُوسَى: see أَكْيَسُ: and كَيِّسٌ, in two places.

كِيسَى: see أَكْيَسُ: and كَيِّسٌ, in two places.

كَيْسَانُ (tropical:) a proper name for Perfidy; (IAar, S, A, K;) as also أَبُو كَيْسَانَ: (IAar:) of the dial. of Teiyi: and derived from كَيْسٌ. (Kr.) You say, رَكِبَ كَيْسَانَ (tropical:) He acted perfidiously. (A.) أَكْيَسٌ [More, and most, acute or sharp or quick in intellect; more, and most, shrewd, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent]: (Lth, ISd, A:) fem. كِيسَى (ISd) and كُوسَى: (Lth, ISd:) [in the CK, and in a MS. copy of the K, and in the text of the K as given in the TA, كِيسَى and كُوسَى, each of which is originally كُيْسَى, are said to be fems. of أَكْوَسُ; but this is evidently a mistake for أَكْيَسُ:] pl. كُوسٌ, [originally كُيْسٌ,] which is applied to women, [as well as men,] and كُوسَيَاتٌ, which is applied to women only. (Lth.) You say, هٰذَا الأَكْيَسُ [This is the more, or most, acute &c.]. (Lth.) And أَىُّ المُؤْمِنِينَ أَكْيَسُ Which of the believers is the most intelligent? (TA.) And it is said in a proverb, أَكْيَسُ مِنْ قِشَّةٍ (A) [(tropical:) More acute &c. than] a little female ape or monkey. (TA, art. قش.) And in a trad., أَكْيَسُ الكَيْسِ التُّقَى

وَأَحْمَقُ الحُمْقِ الفُجُورُ (tropical:) [The most acute of acuteness is piety, and the most foolish of foolishness, or the most stupid of stupidness, is vice]. (A.) b2: See also كَيِّسٌ.

مُكِيسَةٌ A woman who brings forth children acute or sharp or quick in intellect; shrewd, clever, ingenious, skilful, knowing, or intelligent: (TA:) and ↓ مِكْيَاسٌ, who does so usually; contr. of مِحْمَاقٌ: (A:) [and ↓ مِكْيَسَةٌ, who does so most generally: see an ex. of this under 4.]

مِكْيَسَةٌ: see مُكِيسَةٌ and 4.

مُكَيَّسٌ: see كَيِّسٌ.

مِكْيَاسٌ: see مُكِيسَةٌ.

ثقف

1 ثَقُفَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ; and ثَقِفَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. ثَقَفٌ (S, K) and ثَقْفٌ; (K;) He (a man, S) became skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious. (S, K, TA.) b2: ثَقُفَ, aor. ـَ is also said of vinegar (خَلٌّ), meaning It was, or became, very acid; and so ثَقِفَ. (TA. [But I suspect that this may have been taken from a MS. in which خُلٌّ has been erroneously put for رَجُلٌ. In the JK, I find رَجُلٌ ثَقِيفٌ وَقَدْ ثَقُفَ ثَقَافَةً.]) A2: ثَاقَفَهُ فَثَقَفَهُ, aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ: see 3. b2: ثَقَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ and ثُقُوفَةٌ, I was, or became, skilled in the thing. (Ham p. 772.) b3: And ثَقْفٌ signifies The learning a thing quickly: [its verb is ثَقَفَ or ثَقِفَ:] you say, ثَقَفْتُ العِلْمَ فِى أَوْحَى

مُدَّةٍ, and الصِّنَاعَةَ, I acquired knowledge, or the science, and the art, or handicraft, quickly [in the shortest period]: (TA:) and ثَقِفْتُ الحَدِيثَ I understood the narration, or tradition, &c., quickly. (Msb.) ثَقِفَهُ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ثَقْفٌ, (S, K, *) or ثَقَفٌ, (Msb,) [but the former is better known,] primarily signifies, He perceived it, or attained it, by knowledge, or by deed: (Bd ii. 187:) or he perceived it, or attained it, by his sight, by expertness in vision: and hence, (Er-Rághib, TA,) (tropical:) he reached him, or overtook him, (IF, Msb, K, and Er-Rághib,) in war, or fight: (Msb:) or (K) (assumed tropical:) he found him: (S, K, and Bd in ii. 187 &c.:) or (assumed tropical:) he found him in the way of taking and overcoming: (Ksh in ii. 187:) or (K) (assumed tropical:) he took him, or it, (Lth, Msb, K,) namely, a thing: (Msb:) or (K) by implication, (Bd in ii. 187,) (assumed tropical:) he gained the victory, or mastery, over him; overcame him; (IDrd, Msb, K, and Bd ubi suprà;) or got possession of him. (IDrd, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 187 and iv. 93], وَاقْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ And slay ye them wherever ye find them: (Ksh, Bd, Jel, TA:) or wherever ye take them, or overcome them, or overtake them. (TA.) And exs. occur also in the Kur [iii. 108 and] viii. 59 and xxxiii. 61 [and lx. 2]. (TA.) For another ex., see 4, below. b4: ثَقِفَهُ also signifies He thrust him, or pierced him, [with a spear or the like,] namely, a man. (Ham p. 772.) b5: See also 2.2 ثقّفهُ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَثْقِيفٌ, (S, Mgh, K, KL,) He straightened it, or made it even, (S, Mgh, K, KL,) or straightened what was crooked thereof; (Msb;) namely, a spear, (S, KL,) [and a bow, (see ثِقَافٌ,)] or a crooked thing; with the ثِقَاف: (Mgh:) [and so ↓ ثَقَفَهُ, accord. to an explanation of the inf. n. ثَقْفٌ in the KL.] تَثْقِيفُ السَّهْمِ عَلَى القَوْسِ, as meaning The directing the arrow upon the bow straightly towards the object aimed at, is not approved. (Mgh.) b2: Hence, (Mgh,) (tropical:) He disciplined him, or educated him well, and amended him, or improved him. (Mgh, TA.) You say, لَوْلَا تَثْقِيفُكَ وَتَوْقِيفُكَ مَا كُنْتُ شَيْئًا (tropical:) [But for thy disciplining, or good educating, and amending, or improving, and thy teaching, I had not been anything]. (TA.) b3: You say also, of vinegar, يُثَقِّفُ الطَّعَامَ, i. e. It makes food acid. (Har p. 227.) 3 ثَاْقَفَ ↓ ثاقفهُ فَثَقَفَهُ, (K,) inf. n. of the former مُثَاقَفَةٌ and ثِقَافٌ, (TA,) and aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ, (K,) He vied with him, or strove to surpass him, in skill, (K, TA,) and intelligence, or sagacity, and the perceiving, or attaining, of a thing, and the doing thereof, (TA,) and he surpassed him therein. (K, TA.) Er-Rághib says that this is metaphorical. (TA.) [Accord. to J,] المُثَاقَفَةُ is from ثَقُفَ in the first of the senses explained above. (S.) b2: ثِقَافٌ also signifies The contending with another: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: (K: [see also ثَقْفٌ, below:]) and the using of, or performing with, the sword; like ثِقَافَةٌ. (TA.) And ثاقفهُ, inf. n. مُثَاقَفَةٌ, He played with him with the sword, or some other weapon. (TA.) 4 أُثْقِفْتُهُ [I was made to gain the mastery over him, or to overcome him: or, which is virtually the same,] he was appointed for me [that I might have the mastery over him]. (Sgh, K.) 'Amr Dhu-l-Kelb says, فَإِنْ أُثْقِفْتُمُونِى فَاقْتُلُونِى

فَسَوْفَ تَرَوْنَ بَالِى ↓ وَإِنْ أَثْقَفْ And if ye [be made to] gain the mastery over me, i. e. if it be appointed for you to meet me [and overcome me], then slay me: but if I meet [you and overcome], then shall ye see my condition: but some relate it thus: وَمَنْ أَثْقَفْ, meaning but whom I meet, of you, I will slay him: (Skr, Sgh, TA:) [and J gives it thus:] فَإِمَّا تَثْقَفُونِى الخ [meaning And if ye meet me &c.]. (S.) 5 تثقّف (tropical:) [He was, or became, disciplined, or educated well, and amended, or improved; quasipass. of 2, q. v.] You say, هَلْ تَثَقَّفْتُ إِلَّا عَلَى يَدِكَ (tropical:) [Was I, or have I been, disciplined, &c., save by thy agency, or means?]. (A, TA.) 6 تثاقفوا They contended, or played, one with another, with swords, or other weapons. (TA.) ثَقْفٌ Skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious; as also ↓ ثَقِفٌ and ↓ ثَقُفٌ (S, K) and ↓ ثَقِيفٌ and ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ: (K:) or ↓ ثَقِيفٌ signifies quick in understanding a narration: (Msb:) and ↓ ثَقَافٌ, applied to a woman, intelligent, or sagacious. (K.) You say also رَجُلٌ ثَقْفٌ لَقْفٌ and لَقِفٌ ↓ ثَقِفٌ, meaning A man who is a relater, a poet, an archer or a caster of the spear &c.: (Lth, JK, TA:) or light, active, quick, or sharp, and skilful: (S and K in art. لقف:) or quick in understanding what is said to him; and in taking what is thrown to him: or skilful in his art, or handicraft: (TA in that art.:) or a man who keeps, preserves, or guards, and manages, or orders, well, that which he possesses: (ISk, TA:) and Lh adds لَقِيفٌ ↓ ثَقِيفٌ: and Ibn-'Abbád, لِقِّيفٌ ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ. (TA.) b2: A man quick in taking, or seizing, his opponents, or adversaries. (Ksh ii. 187.) A2: ثَقْفٌ, or (as it is written in one place in the TA) ↓ ثَقَفٌ, also signifies Contention: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: like ثِقَافٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.) ثَقَفٌ: see ثَقْفٌ.

ثَقُفٌ: see ثَقْفٌ.

ثَقِفٌ: see ثَقْفٌ, in two places.

ثَقَافٌ: see ثَقْفٌ.

ثِقَافٌ Skill, and intelligence, or sagacity; as also ↓ ثُقُوفَةٌ. (TA.) A2: Also An instrument with which spears are straightened, (S, K, TA,) and bows also, (TA,) and [other] crooked things; (JK, Mgh, TA;) made of iron: (JK, TA:) or a strong piece of wood, a cubit in length, having at its extremity a hole large enough to admit the bow, [or the spear], which is inserted into it, and pinched and pressed in the part that requires this to be done until it becomes in the state that is desired; but this is not done to bows nor to spears until they have been greased, and prepared with fire, or exposed thereto so as to have become altered in colour: (AHn, TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَثْقِفَةٌ and [of mult.] ثُقُفٌ. (JK, TA.) b2: [Also The handle of a shield of the kind called حَجَفَة: see إِخَاذَةٌ.]

ثَقِيفٌ: see ثَقْفٌ, in three places. b2: Also Very acid; applied to vinegar; (K;) and so ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ, (S, K,) like حِرِّيفٌ applied to the onion. (S.) And أَبُو ثَقِيفٍ (tropical:) Vinegar [itself]; so named because it makes food acid. (Har p. 227.) b3: Also, and ↓ مَثْقُوفٌ, A thing skilled in. (Ham p. 772.) b4: And both these words, A man thrust or pierced [with a spear or the like]. (Ham ibid.) ثِقَافَةٌ The use of, or performance with, the sword; like ثِقَافٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.) You say, هُوَ حَسَنُ الثِّقَافَةِ بِالسَّيْفِ [He is good in respect of performance with the sword]. (TA.) ثُقُوفَةٌ: see ثِقَافٌ.

ثِقِّيفٌ: see ثَقْفٌ, in two places: b2: and see ثَقِيفٌ.

أَثْقَفُ More, and most, skilled, or skilful, [in a general sense, and particularly] in contending, or playing, with the sword, or other weapon. (TA.) مُثَقَّفٌ A spear straightened, or made even. (TA.) [Accord. to Freytag, it is poetically used as signifying A spear itself; and so with ة.]

مَثْقُوفٌ: see ثَقِيفٌ.

فقه

1 فَقِهَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. فِقْهٌ, the verb being like عَلِمَ and the inf. n. like عِلْمٌ, in measure and in meaning, (TA,) or فَقَهٌ; (JK; [and the same seems to be implied in the Msb and the K;]) and فَقُهَ; (Msb, K;) He had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْهٌ, meaning understanding, (S, K,) and knowledge, and intelligence, and especially knowledge of the law (عِلْمُ الدِّينِ): (K:) or both are syn. with عَلِمَ: (Msb, TA:) or فَقُهَ, of which the inf. n. is فَقَاهَةٌ, (S, TA,) or فِقْهٌ, (JK,) signifies [peculiarly] he had, or possessed, knowledge of the law (عِلْم الشَّرِيعَة): (S:) or this latter verb signifies he had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْةٌ as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (Msb, TA:) or, accord. to IB, i. q. ↓ تَفَقَّهَ [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, [a فَقِيه, q. v., or] equal to the فُقَهآء. (TA in art. علم: see علم.) One says, فُلَانٌ لَا يَنْقَهُ [which may be rendered Such a one will not understand nor comprehend: but the two verbs are exactly syn.]. (S.) And to the witness one says, كَيْفَ فَقَاهَتُكَ لِمَا

أَشْهَدْ نَاكَ [app. meaning How is thy understanding of (or how understandest thou) what we have made thee to witness?]: it is not said to any other than the witness: (K, TA:) thus in the M: (TA:) or, accord. to Z, it is said to other than the witness. (K, * TA.) b2: And فَقِهَهُ, (Mgh, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. فِقْهٌ, (K,) He understood it, (Mgh, K,) namely, a meaning, (Mgh,) or a thing that one explained to him; (TA;) as also ↓ تفقّههُ. (K.) b3: See also 3.2 فقّههُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَفْقِيهٌ, (K,) He (God) made him to know or have knowledge [or to understand, or instructed him], or taught him; (S, * K, TA;) and (K) so ↓ افقههُ, (Msb, K,) or he made him to understand. (S, Mgh.) It is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ i. e. O God, teach him الدين [app. here meaning the science of the law] and [instruct him in] the تأويل [or interpretation, &c.,] and the meaning thereof. (TA.) And you say, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَفْقَهْتُكَ I made thee to understand, (S, Msb, *) or I taught thee, (Msb,) the thing. (S, Msb.) And ↓ أَفْقَنْتُهُ I explained to him the learning of الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]. (T, TA.) 3 فاقههُ He searched with him into [matters of] science, disputing with him, (S, K,) ↓ فَفَقَهَهُ, aor. ـُ [inf. n. فَقْهٌ,] and he overcame him therein. (K.) 4 أَفْقَهَ see 2, in three places.5 تفقّه He learned knowledge, or science: (M voce سَوَّدَ:) [and particularly] he learned الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]: (JK:) or he took, or applied himself, to the acquisition of الفِقْه [meaning thus]. (S, TA.) And تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ is like تَعَلَّمَ [meaning He became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science]. (Msb.) لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ, in the Kur ix. 123, means That they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [i. e. the law, or religion in general], imposing upon themselves the difficulties attendant on the acquisition thereof. (Ksh, Bd.) See also 1, in two places; in the latter of which it is mentioned as transitive.

فِقْهٌ [as a simple subst.] signifies Understanding (S, Msb, K) of a thing; (Msb, K;) and knowledge thereof; (Msb, K;) and intelligence: (K:) accord. to IF, any knowledge of a thing is thus termed: (Msb:) [hence فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ The science of lexicology is the title of a work written by him; and of another work, by Eth-Tha'álibee:] and, as used by the lawyers [and others], الفِقْهُ denotes a particular science; (Msb;) it signifies particularly, (S, TA,) or predominantly, (K, TA,) The science of the law; [jurisprudence;] (S, K, TA;) syn. عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ, (S, TA,) or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ, [which is the same as علم الشريعة,] because of its preëminence (K, TA) above the other kinds of science: (TA:) and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law. (TA.) فَقُهٌ; and its fem., with ة: see the next paragraph.

فَقِيهٌ Any one possessing knowledge of a thing. (TA.) فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ signifies The عَالِم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs; (TA;) and was an appellation given to El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh (الحٰرِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ), who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in the S in art. ازم], because this appellation is syn. with the former; but IKh and El-Hareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person. (Mz, close of the 39th نوع.) b2: [Particularly and predominantly,] فَقِيهٌ signifies One possessing knowledge of the law; [a lawyer;] (S, K;) as also ↓ فَقُهٌ; (Msb, K;) fem. فَقِيهَةٌ and ↓ فَقُهَةٌ: pl. [of فَقِيهٌ] فُقَهَآءُ; and [of فَفِيهَةٌ] فَقَائِهُ and فُقَهَآءُ; (K;) the last of these pls. mentioned by Lh, and anomalous, as applied to women: ISd says, “ in my opinion, he, of the Arabs, who says فُقَهَآء

[in speaking of women] takes no account of the fem. ة: it is like فُقَرَآءُ applied to women. ” (TA.) [In Egypt, the appellation فِقِى, a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه, is now applied to A schoolmaster; and to a person who recites the Kur-án &c. for hire.] b3: فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ means A stallion [camel] expert in covering, (K, TA,) that knows well the she-camels that are lusting, and the pregnant. (TA.) المُسْتَفْقِهَةُ The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her (K, TA) in what she says; because she catches and retains quickly, and understands, what she [the former] says, and to reply to it: [as though it signified “ she who seeks, or desires, to understand: ”] it is said in a trad. that each of these persons is cursed by God. (TA.)

ذهن

1 ذَهِنَ, (MA, TA,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. ذِهْنٌ and ذَهَنٌ, (MA, KL,) He was, or became, intelligent, possessed of understanding, sagacious, acute, skilful, knowing, (MA, KL, PS, TA,) and endowed with a retentive mind. (KL, PS.) Yousay, اِذْهَنْ إِلَى مَا أَقُولُ Understand thou what I say. (TA.) And هُوَ لَا يَذْهَنُ شَيْئًا He does not understand anything. (TA.) And ذَهِنْتُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا I understood such and such things. (TA) And ذَهِنْتُ عَنْ كَذَا I understood from such a thing. (TA.) A2: ذَاهَنَنِى فَذَهَنْتُهُ: see 3. b2: ذَهَنَنِى عَنْهُ, and ↓ أَذْهَنَنِى, and ↓ اِسْتَذْهَنَنِى, He, or it, made me to forget it; diverted me from remembering it: (K, * TA:) [like ذَهَلَنِى

عَنْهُ, and أَذْهَلَنِى.] And ذُهِنَ Memory, or understanding, escaped him, or left him. (JK.) 3 ذَاْهَنَ ↓ ذَاهَنَنِى فَذَهَنْتُهُ He vied with me, or contended with me for superiority, in intelligence, understanding, sagacity, acuteness, skill, or knowledge, and I surpassed him [therein, i. e.,] in ذِهْن. (K.) 4 أَذْهَنَ see 1.10 إِسْتَذْهَنَ see 1. b2: You say also, اِسْتَذْهَنَكَ حُبُّ الدُّنْيَا The love of the present world took away, or has taken away, thy ذِهْن [i. e. intelligence, understanding, &c.]. (TA.) b3: And اِسْتَذْهَنَتِ السَّنَةُ القَصَبَ (assumed tropical:) The year of drought took away the ذِهْن, i. e. pith (نِقْى), of the canes, or reeds. (TA.) ذِهْنٌ (JK, S, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ ذَهَنٌ (S, K) Intellect, intelligence, understanding, sagacity, acuteness, skill, or knowledge; syn. عَقْلٌ, (JK, K,) and فَهْمٌ, (K,) and فِطْنَــةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ذَكَآءٌ; (Msb;) and retentiveness of mind, or memory: (JK, * S, * K:) or, as some say, a faculty of the soul, provided for the acquisition of the several species of knowledge, including the external and internal senses: strength thereof is termed ذَكَآءٌ: and a good quality thereof for the forming ideas of the things that present themselves to it is termed فِطْنَــةٌ: (TA:) pl. أَذْهَانٌ. (Msb, K. *) One says, اِجْعَلْ ذِهْنَكَ إِلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا [Apply thine intellect, &c., to such and such things]. (TA.) [Both are also inf. ns.: see 1, first sentence.] b2: Also, the former, (assumed tropical:) Strength: (JK, S, K:) and fat: (JK, K:) pl. as above. (K.) One says, مَا بِرِجْلَىَّ ذِهْنٌ There is not in my legs any strength to walk. (TA.) and هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّهْنِ and الأَذْهَانِ (tropical:) He is of those endowed with strength [of body: and also, of those endowed with intelligence, &c., and intelligent faculties]. (TA.) And مَا رَأَيْتُ بِالإِبِلِ ذِهْنًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not, in the camels, fat and strength. (JK.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The pith (نِقْى) of canes, or reeds. (TA.) A2: See also ذَهِنٌ.

ذَهَنٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

ذَهِنٌ and ↓ ذِهْنٌ Intelligent, possessed of understanding, sagacious, acute, skilful, or knowing, [and endowed with a retentive mind;] each [said to be] a possessive epithet, [signifying possessing ذِهْن, though the former is agreeable with a general rule as part. n. of ذَهِنَ,] applied to a man; the latter app. changed [or contracted] from the former. (TA.) ذِهْنِىٌّ Of, or relating to, the ذِهْن, or intellect, &c.; intellectual; subjective; ideal. Hence, الأَمُورُ الذِّهْنِيَّةُ Intellectual things; the things that are conceived in the mind, or considered subjectively; opposed to الأَمُورُ الخَارِجِيَّةُ.]

نكر

1 نَكِرَهُ: see 4, in several places.

A2: نَكُرَ, inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, [He was, or became, ignorant: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكَارَةٌ, below. b2: And, contr., He possessed cunning; meaning both intelligence with craft and forecast; and simply intelligence, or skill and knowledge: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكْرٌ. b3: ] It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, مُنْكَر [app. here meaning disapproved; or bad, evil, abominable, or foul; or disallowed]. (A.) b4: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, (TK,) or نُكْرَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, difficult, hard, arduous, or severe. (S, K. *) 2 نكّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْكِيرٌ, Msb,) He changed, or altered, him or it, (S, A, Msb, TA,) to an unknown state, (S, TA,) so as not to be known; (TA;) [he disguised him or it.] It is said in the Kur, [xxvii. 41,] نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا Alter ye her throne so that it may not be known to her. (TA.) See also 4, last signification but one. b2: [In grammar, He made it (a noun) indeterminate.]3 ناكرهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُنَاكَرَةٌ, (A, K,) He strove, or endeavoured, to outwit, deceive, beguile, or circumvent, him; or he practised with him mutual deceit, guile, or circumvention; syn. خَادَعَهُ and دَاهَاهُ: the inf. n. is also explained by مُرَاوَغَةٌ as well as مُخَادَعَةٌ [both of which signify the same]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) He contended with him in fight; (S, K;) and in war, or hostility. (A, K.) It is said of Mohammad, by Aboo-Sufyán (S, TA) Ibn-Harb, (TA,) لَمْ يُنَاكِرْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ الأَهْوَالُ, (S, TA,) meaning, He did not war with any one without being aided by terror [cast into the hearts of his opponents]. (TA.) And one says, بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاكَرَةٌ Between them two is war, or hostility, (A, TA, *) and fighting. (TA.) 4 انكرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِنْكَارٌ; (Msb, &c.;) and ↓ نَكِرَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (L,) or it does not admit the variations of tense like other verbs, (IKtt, Msb,) it is not used in the future tense, nor in commanding nor in forbidding, (Lth,) inf. n. نَكَرٌ (K) and نُكْرٌ and نُكُورٌ (S, K) and نَكِيرٌ; (K;) and ↓ استنكرهُ; (S, M, A, K;) and ↓ تناكرهُ; (M, K;) signify the same; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) i. e., He ignored, was ignorant of, did not know, failed to know, or [rather] was unacquainted with, it (i. e. a thing, or an affair, IKtt, K) or him (a man, S); syn. جَهِلَهُ; (Kr, K;) or contr. of عَرَفَهُ: (S, * IKtt, Msb:) [see also نَكَارَةٌ:] some, however, say, the نَكِرَ has a more intensive signification than أَنْكَرَ: and some, that نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the mind; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the sight: (A, TA:) or [the converse is the case;] نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the sight; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the mind: (Kull, p. 81:) [but both forms seem to have been generally used indiscriminately.] ElAashà says, وَأَنْكَرَتْنِى وَمَا كَانَ الَّذِى نَكِرَتْ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ إِلَّا الشَّيْبَ وَالصَّلَعَا [And she did not know me; and the accidents which she did not know were none others than hoariness, and baldness of the fore part of the head]. (S, TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xi. 73,] وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةٌ ↓ نَكِرَهُمْ [He knew not what they were, and conceived a fear, or a kind of fear, of them]: (TA:) نَكِرَهُمْ here signifies أَنْكَرَهُمْ: (Jel:) or it means أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [q. v. infra]. (Bd.) b2: أَنْكَرَهُ also signifies He denied, or disacknowledged, it; (L, art. جحد; [and this signification, as well as the first, may be meant to be indicated by those who say that أَنْكَرَهُ signifies the contr. of عَرفَهُ;]) [and so ↓ نَكِرَهُ; for] إِنْكَارٌ signifies i. q. جُحُودٌ, (S, TA,) and so نُكْرَانٌ [which is an inf. n. of نَكِرَهُ]. (TA.) [In this sense it is doubly trans.:] you say, أَنْكَرْتُهُ حَقَّهُ, meaning, I denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right. (Msb.) The cause of إِنْكَار with the tongue is إِنْكَار with the mind, but sometimes the tongue denies, or disacknowledges, (يُنْكِرُ,) a thing when the image thereof is present in the mind; and this is lying; as is the case in the following passage of the Kur, [xvi. 85,] يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا [They confess, or acknowledge, the favour of God; then they deny, or disacknowledge, it]. (B.) See also نَكِيرٌ.

A2: Also, He deemed it strange, extraordinary, or improbable. (MF, voce عَجَبٌ.] b2: [Also He denied, or negatived, it. b3: He disbelieved it. b4: and He disapproved it; he disliked it; he deemed it, or declared it to be, bad, evil, abominable, or foul; he disallowed it: so accord. to explanations of the pass. part. n., q. v. infra; and accord. to common usage of classical and of modern times.] It is said of Abraham, when the angels came to him, and he saw that their hands did not touch the meat which be had brought to them, نَكِرَهُمْ, meaning, أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [He deemed that conduct of their's evil, or disapproved it: or, perhaps, he did not know what that conduct of their's was, or what it indicated]: ↓ نَكِرَ and أَنْكَرَ and ↓ استنكر [of which last see an ex. voce تَهِمَ] signify the same. (Bd, xi. 73.) And you say, أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, meaning, I blamed, or found fault with, his deed, and forbade it; I disapproved and disallowed his deed. (Msb:) [and I manifested, or showed, or declared, disapproval, or disallowance, of his deed: and in like manner, أَنْكَرْتُ عَليْهِ, elliptically; فِعْلَهُ, (his deed,) or قَوْلَهُ, (his saying;) or the like, being understood; like عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ for عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ or the like: see نَكِيرٌ.] b5: إِنْكَارٌ also signifies The changing [a thing; like تَنْكِيرٌ]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what isمُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved: see نَكِيرٌ, which is syn. with it, but is a simple subst.]. (S, TA.) b6: مَا أَنْكَرَهُ How great it his cunning! meaning both his intelligence, and craft, and forecast; and simply, his intelligence, or skill and knowledge. (TA.) And مَا كَانَ أَنْكَرَهُ How great was his cunning, &c. (TA.) 5 تنكّر He, or it, changed, or altered, himself, or itself; or became changed, or altered; (S, A, Msb, TA;) to an unknown state: (S, TA:) [he assumed an unknown appearance: he disguised himself; or became disguised:] he became changed or altered in countenance by anger so that he who saw him did not know him: (Har, p. 144:) or تَنَكُّرٌ signifies the changing, or altering oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which pleases one to a state which one dislikes. (T, K.) b2: إِيَّاكَ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ Avoid thou evil disposition. (Mgh.) b3: تَنَكَّرَ لِى

فُلاَنٌ Such a one [became changed, or altered, in countenance to me by anger so that I did not know him; or] met me in a morose manner (A, TA.) [In art. شنف in the K, تَنَكَّرَهُ occurs.]6 تناكرهُ: see 4, first signification. b2: تناكر He feigned ignorance. (S, A, K.) b3: تناكروا They acted with mutual hostility. (TS, A, K.) 10 اشتنكرهُ: see 4, first signification, and also in the latter part. b2: اِسْتِنْكَارٌ also signifies The inquiring respecting, or seeking to understand, a thing, or an affair, which one disapproves; (K, TA;) when one disapproves confirming, or establishing, the opinion expressed by an inquirer, or disapproves that his opinion should be contrary to what he has expressed. (TA.) نَكْرٌ: see نُكْرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ.

نُكْرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ [but the former is the more common] and ↓ نَكَارَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (A, K) Cunning; meaning both intelligence mixed with croft and forecast; and [simply] intelligence, or sagacity, or skill and knowledge; syn. دَهَآءٌ; (S, A, K;) and فِطْنَــةٌ. (A, K.) See also نَكُرَ.

You say of a man who is intelligent and evil, or cunning, مَا أَشَدَّ نُكْرَهُ, and ↓ نَكْرَهُ [How great is his cunning, &c.!] (S.) And فَعَلَهُ مِنْ نُكْرِهِ, and ↓ نَكَارَتِهِ, He did it of his cunning, &c. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, إِنِّى لَأَكْرَهُ النَّكَارَةَ فِى الرَّجُلِ Verily I hate cunning (الدَّهَآءَ) in the man. (TA.) A2: نُكْرٌ, as an epithet, applied to a thing, or an affair, Difficult, hard, arduous, or severe; as also ↓ نُكُرٌ (M, A, K) and ↓ نَكِيرٌ: (TA:) and i. q. مُنْكَرٌ, q. v. (S, A, K.) نَكَرٌ [app. Difficulty, hardness, arduousness, or severity;] a subst. from نَكُرَ, in the sense of صَعُبَ [It was difficult, &c.]. (IKtt, TA.) نَكُرٌ: see نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نُكُرٌ and ↓ مُنْكَرٌ, (K,) epithets applied to a man, Possessing cunning; or intelligence mixed with cunning and forecast; (S, K;) and [simply] intelligent, or skilful and knowing: (K:) and so, applied to a woman, ↓ نُكُرٌ (K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ (L, TA [but this is probably a mistake for ↓ نُكُرٌ]) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ, but أَنْكَرُ is not applied to a man in this sense, (Az, TA,) nor is مُنْكَرَةٌ to a woman: (TA:) pl. of the first and second (S, K,) and third, (K,) أَنْكَارٌ: (S, K:) and of the last, مَنَاكِيرُ: (Sb, S, K:) or, applied to men, مُنْكَرُونَ; and to other things, مَنَاكِيرُ [which is irreg.]. (Az, TA.) b2: Also, نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ One who disapproves what is bad, evil, abominable, or foul; expl. by أَلَّذِى يُنْكِرُ الْمُنْكَرَ: pl. as above. (S.) نُكُرٌ: see نُكْرٌ, and مُنْكَرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكَرَةٌ a subst. from إِنْكَارٌ, (K,) with which it is syn., [app. signifying (like نَكِرَةٌ) Ignorance: or denial: or disapproval, or the like]. (TK,) like نَفَقَةٌ from إِنْفَاقٌ. (K.) It is said, in a certain trad, كُنْتَ لِى أَشَدَّ نَكَرَةً, (TA,) i. e. إِنْكَارًا, (TK,) [Thou wast to me most ignorant. &c.]

نَكِرَةٌ Ignorance, &c., (إِنْكَار,) of a thing; (TA;) contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ; (S, K;) and so ↓ نَكَارَةٌ; syn. جَهَالَةٌ; as in the phrase فِيهِ نَكَارَةٌ [In him is ignorance]. (A.) See also نَكَرَةٌ. b2: [As contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ, it is also, in grammar, an epithet applied to a noun, signifying Indeterminate, or indefinite.]

نَكْرَآءُ: see مُنْكَرٌ. b2: A calamity: (K:) rigour, or severity, of fortune; (A, TA;) as also [its dim.] نُكَيْرَآء. (TA.) A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

A3: and see نَكِرٌ.

نَكِيرٌ i. q. إِنْكَارٌ [in the sense of Denial]. (K.) It is said in the Kur, xlii. 46. فَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ

And there shall be for you no [power of] denial of your sins. (Bd, Jel.) And one says, شُتِمَ فُلَانٌ فَمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ نَكِيرٌ [Such a one was reviled and he had no denial to make]. (A.) b2: [Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of Disapproval, or the like: and manifestation thereof. See what here follows.]

b3: Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of The changing [a thing]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved]: (S, TA:) a simple subst. (T, TA.) The words of the Kur, [xxii. 43 and lxvii. 18,] فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ are explained as signifying And how was my changing [of their condition]! (TA:) or the meaning is, and how was my manifestation of disapproval of their conduct, (إِنْكَارِى عَلَيْهِمْ,) by changing favour into trial, and life into destruction, and a flourishing condition into a state of ruin! (Bd, xxii. 43.) In [some of] the copies of the K, it is said that نَكِيرَةٌ [but in a MS. copy I find نَكِيرٌ and so in the CK] is a subst. from تَنَكُّرٌ as signifying the changing, or altering, oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which please one to a state which one dislikes: but a different statement is found in the T: [see above.] and نكيرة is not mentioned by any authority. (TA.) A2: A strong fortress. (Sgh, K.) See نُكْرٌ.

A3: See also مُنْكَرٌ.

نَكَارَةٌ: see نَكِرَةٌ.

A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

أَنْكَرُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, evil, abominable, or foul. So it is explained as occurring in the Kur. [xxxi. 18,] إِنّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَمِيرِ [Verily the most abominable of voices is the voice of asses]. (TA.) b2: See also نَكِرٌ: and the fem., نَكْرَآءُ, see above.

مُنْكَرٌ contr. of مَعْرُوفٌ: (K:) [an explanation including several significations, here following.]

b2: [Ignored, or unknown; as also ↓ مَنْكُورٌ, for مَنْكُورٌ is syn. with مَجْهُولٌ [the pass. part. n. of the verb by which أَنْكَرَهُ is explained by Kr and in the K]; (TA;) and ↓ مُسْتَنْكَرٌ signifies the same. (L.) For the pls. of مُنْكَرٌ, see نَكِرٌ. b3: [Denied, or disacknowledged. (See the verb.) b4: Deemed strange, extraordinary, or improbable, (See again the verb.)] b5: Any action disapproved, or disallowed, by sound intellects; or deemed, or declared, thereby, to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or pronounced to be so by the law because the mind deliberates respecting the regarding it as such: and thus it is used in the Kur, ix. 113 [and other places]: (B, TA:) or anything pronounced to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, or foul, and forbidden, and disapproved, disliked, or hated, by the law: (TA:) a saying, or an action, unapproved, not approved, unaccepted, or not accepted, by God: (KT:) unbecoming, indecent, or indecorous. (KL.) See مَعْرُوفٌ, voce عُرْفٌ. مُنْكَرٌ and ↓ نُكْرٌ and ↓ نُكُرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (S, Msb K) are all syn., (S, A, Msb, K,) [and are used as epithets in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] signifying a bad, an evil, a hateful, an abominable, a foul, an unseemly, an ugly, or a hideous, [and a formidable,] thing or affair [or action or saying or quality, &c.]: (Msb:) [in this sense, its pl. is مُنْكَرَاتٌ and مَنَاكِيرُ; as will be seen below:] ↓ نُكْرٌ is contr. of عُرْفٌ [which is syn. with مَعْرُوفٌ]. (TA.) You say فِيهِمُ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَالْمُنْكَرُ, and العُرْفُ والنُّكْرُ, [In them are good and evil qualities.] And هُمْ يَرْكَبُونَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ, and المَنَاكِيرَ, [They commit bad, evil, abominable, or foul, actions.] (A.) And it is said in the Kur, [xviii. 73,] لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا [Verily thou hast done a bad, an evil, an abominable, or a foul, thing]. (S.) A2: The name of one of two angels, the other of whom is named نَكِيرٌ; (S;) who are the two triers of [the dead in] the graves. (ISd, K.) A3: See also نَكِرٌ.

مَنْكُورٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification. The pl. is مَنَاكِيرُ, [which is also a pl. of مُنْكَرٌ,] accord. to Sb, who mentions it because, accord. to rule, the pl. of a sing. of this class is formed by the addition of و and ن for the masc., and ا and ت for the fem. (Abu-l-Hasan, TA.) خَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًّا He went forth disguised; or changed in outward appearance, or state of apparel. (TA.) مُسْتَنْكَرٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification.

طَرِيقٌ يَنْكُورٌ A road, or way, in a wrong direction. (S, K.)