شعر

1 شَعَرَ بِهِ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) and شَعُرَ بِهِ, (K,) which latter is disallowed by some, but both are correct, though the former is the [more] chaste, (TA,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شِعْرٌ (S, Msb, K, &c.) and شَعْرٌ (K, TA) and شَعَرٌ, (TA, and so in the CK in the place of شَعْرٌ,) but the first is the most common, (TA,) and شِعْرَةٌ (Msb, K) and شَعْرَةٌ and شُعْرَةٌ, (K,) of which last three the first is the most common, (TA,) and شِعْرَى and شُعْرَى (K) and شَعْرَى (TA) and شُعُورٌ (Msb, K) and شُعُورَةٌ, (K,) which is said to be the inf. n. of شَعُرَ, (TA,) and مَشْعُورٌ and مَشْعُورَةٌ (Lh, K) and مَشْعُورَآءُ, (K,) which is of extr. form, (TA,) He knew it; knew, or had knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it; or understood it; (S, * A, Msb, K, TA;) as also شَعَرَ لَهُ: (Lh, TA:) or he knew the minute particulars of it: or he perceived it by means of [any of] the senses. (TA.) Lh mentions the phrase أَشْعُرُ فُلَانًا مَا عَمِلَهُ and أَشْعُرُ لِفُلَانٍ مَا عَمِلَهُ [I know what such a one did or has done], and مَا شَعَرْتُ فُلَانًا مَا عَمِلَهُ [I knew not what such a one did], as on the authority of Ks, and says that they are forms of speech used by the Arabs. (TA.) [See also شِعْرٌ, below.] b2: شَعَرَ, (A, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شِعْرٌ and شَعْرٌ, (K, TA,) or شَعَرٌ, (so accord. to the CK instead of شَعْرٌ,) He said, or spoke, or gave utterance to, poetry; spoke in verse; poetized; or versified; syn. قَالَ شِعْرًا; [for poetry was always spoken by the Arabs in the classical times; and seldom written, if written at all, until after the life-time of the author;] (A, Msb, K;) as also شَعُرَ: (K:) or the latter signifies he made good, or excellent, poetry or verses; (K, MF;) and this is the signification more commonly approved, as being more agreeable with analogy: (MF:) or the latter signifies he was, or became, a poet; (S;) as also شَعِرَ, aor. ـَ (TA.) One says, شَعَرْتُ لِفُلَانٍ I said, or spoke, poetry, &c., to such a one. (TS, O, TA.) And لَوْ شَعُرَ بِنَقْصِهِ لَمَا شَعَرَ [Had he known his deficiency, he had not spoken poetry, or versified]. (A.) A2: شَاعَرَهُ فَشَعَرَهُ: see 3.

A3: شَعَرَ as a trans. verb syn. with اشعر: see 4. b2: As syn. with شاعر: see 3.

A4: شَعِرَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَعَرٌ, (TA,) His (a man's, TA) hair became abundant (K, TA) and long: (TA:) and said likewise of a goat, or other hairy animal, his hair became abundant. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He possessed slaves. (Lh, K.) 2 شعّر as an intrans. verb: see 4: b2: and as a trans. verb also: see 4.3 شَاْعَرَ ↓ شَاعَرَهُ فَشَعَرَهُ, (S, K,) aor. of the latter شَعَرَ, that is with fet-h, (S, MF,) accord. to Ks, who holds it to be thus even in this case, where superiority is signified, on account of the faucial letter; or, accord. to most, شَعُرَ, agreeably with the general rule; (MF;) He vied, or contended, with him in poetry, and he surpassed him therein. (S, K, MF.) A2: And شاعرهُ, (S,) and شاعرها, (A, Msb, K,) and ↓ شَعَرَهَا, (A, K,) He slept with him, and with her, (نَاوَمَهُ, S, and نَامَ مَعَهَا, Msb, K, or ضَاجَعَهَا, A,) in one شِعَار [or innermost garment]. (S, A, Msb, K.) A3: [Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag, explains شاعر as signifying also Tractavit, prensavit, vellicavit: but without naming any authority.]4 اشعرهُ He made him to know. (S.) Yousay, اشعرهُ بِالأَمْرِ and الأَمْرَ, (K,) the latter of which is less usual than the former, because one says شَعَرَ بِهِ but not شَعَرَهُ, (MF,) He aquainted him with the affair; made him to know it. (K.) And أَشْعَرْتُ أَمْرَ فَلَانٍ I made known the affair of such a one. (A.) And أَشْعَرْتُ فُلَانًا I made such a one notorious for an evil deed or quality. (A.) b2: Also, (inf. n. إِشْعَارٌ, Msb,) He marked it, namely a beast destined for sacrifice at Mekkeh, (S, * Mgh, Msb, * K, TA,) by stabbing it in the right side of its hump so that blood flowed from it, (S,) or by making a slit in its skin, (K,) or by stabbing it (K, TA) in one side of its hump with a مِبْضَع or the like, (TA,) so that the blood appeared, (K, TA,) or by making an incision in its hump so that the blood flowed, (Msb,) in order that it might be known to be destined for sacrifice. (S, Msb.) b3: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) He wounded him so as to cause blood to come. (TA.) It is said in a trad. respecting the assassination of 'Othmán, أَشْعَرَهُ مِشْقَصًا (assumed tropical:) He wounded him so as to cause blood to come with a مشقص [q. v.]: (TA:) and in another trad., أَشْعِرَ أَمِيرُ المُؤْمِنِينَ (assumed tropical:) [The Prince of the Faithful was wounded so that blood came from him]. (S.) b4: And (tropical:) He pierced him with a spear so as to make the spearhead enter his inside: and اشعرهُ سِنَانًا (tropical:) he made the spear-head to enter into the midst of him: [but this is said to be] from اشعرهُ بِهِ “ he made it to cleave to it. ” (TA.) أَشْعِرَ is said specially of a king, meaning He was slain. (A, TA.) b5: Also He made it to be a distinguishing sign: as when the performance of a religious service is made, or appointed, by God to be a sign [whereby his religion is distinguished]. (TA.) b6: and اشعروا They called, uttering their شِعَار [whereby they might know one another]: or they appointed for themselves a شِعَار in their journey. (Lh, K, TA. [See also 10.]) A2: مَا أَشْعَرَهُ [How good, or excellent, a poet is he !]. (TA in art. خزى: see مُخْزٍ in that art.) A3: اشعر [from شَعْرٌ or شَعَرٌ signifying “ hair ”] It (a fœtus, S, A, K, in the belly of its mother, TA) had hair growing upon it; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ تشعّر; (S, K;) and ↓ شعّر, inf. n. تَشْعِيرٌ; and ↓ استشعر. (K.) b2: And اشعرت She (a camel) cast forth her fœtus with hair upon it. (Ktr, K.) b3: And اشعر He lined a boot, (A, K,) and a جُبَّة, (A,) and the مِيثَرَة of a horse's saddle, and a قَلَنْسُوَة, and the like, (TA,) with hair; (A, K;) as also ↓ شَعَرَ; (Lh, A, K;) and ↓ شعّر, (K,) inf. n. تَشْعِيرٌ: (TA:) or, said of a ميثرة, he covered it with hair. (A.) b4: and اشعرهُ He clad him with a شِعَار [i. e. an innermost garment]. (S, A, K.) And He put on him a garment as a شِعَار, i. e., next his body. (TA.) [Hence,] اشعرهُ فُلَانٌ شَرًّا (tropical:) Such a one involved him in evil. (S, A.) And اشعرهُ الحُبُّ مَرَضًا (assumed tropical:) [Love involved him in disease]. (S.) and اشعرهُ بِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made it (i. e. anything) to cleave, or stick, to it, [like the شِعَار to the body,] i. e., to another thing. (K.) b5: [And (assumed tropical:) It clave to him, or it, as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. Hence,] اشعرهُ الهَمُّ (tropical:) [Anxiety clave to him as the شِعَار cleaves to the body]. (A.) And اشعر الهَمُّ قَلْبِى (tropical:) Anxiety clave to my heart (K, TA) as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. (TA.) And أَشْعَرَ الرَّجُلُ هَمًّا (tropical:) The man clave to anxiety as the شِعَار cleaves to the body. (S, TA. [In one of my copies of the S, أُشْعِرَ, accord. to which reading, the phrase should be rendered The man was made to have anxiety cleaving to him &c.]) A4: اشعر السِّكِّينَ (tropical:) He put a شَعِيرَة [q. v.] to the knife. (S, A, K. *) 5 تَشَعَّرَ see 4, in the latter half of the paragraph.6 تشاعر He affected, or pretended, to be a poet, not being such. (See its part. n., below.)]10 استشعرت البَقَرَةُ The cow uttered a cry to her young one, desiring to know its state. (A, TA.) b2: And استشعروا They called, one to another, uttering the شِعَار [by which they were mutually known], in war, or fight. (TA. [See also 4.]) A2: استشعر as syn. with اشعر and تشعّر: see 4, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also, (A,) or استشعر شِعَارًا, (K,) He put on, or clad himself with, a شعار [i. e. an innermost garment]. (A, K.) [Hence,] اِسْتَشْعِرْ خَشْيَةَ اللّٰهِ (tropical:) Make thou the fear of God to be شِعَارَ قَلْبِكَ [i. e. the thing next to thy heart]. (TA.) And استشعر خَوْفًا (tropical:) He conceived in his mind fear. (S, A. *) شَعْرٌ and ↓ شَعَرٌ, (A, Msb, K, but only the latter in my copies of the S and in the O,) two wellknown dial. vars., the like being common in cases of this kind, in which the medial radical letter is a faucial, (MF,) [but the latter I have found to be the more common,] Hair; i. e. what grows upon the body, that is not صُوف nor وَبَر; (K;) it is an appertenance of human beings and of other animals: (S, A, Msb:) [when spoken of as used in the fabrication of cloth for tents &c., the meaning intended is goats' hair: (see 4 in art. بنى:)] of the masc. gender: (Msb, TA:) pl. (of the former, Msb) شُعُورٌ and (of the latter, Msb) أَشْعَارٌ (S, Msb, K) and (of the latter also, TA) شِعَارٌ: (K, TA:) and ↓ أُشَيْعَارٌ, properly dim. of أَشْعَارٌ, is used, accord. to Aboo-Ziyád, as dim. of شُعُورٌ: (TA:) the n. un. is with ة: (S, A, * Msb, K:) and this, i. e. شَعْرَةٌ [or شَعَرَهٌ], is also used metonymically as a pl. (K, TA.) One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ المَالُ شَقُّ الشَّعْرَةِ and شَقُّ الأُبْلُمَةِ (assumed tropical:) [The property is, or shall be, equally divided between me and thee]. (TA.) And رَأَى فُلَانٌ الشَّعْرَةَ Such a one saw, or has seen, hoariness, or white hairs, (Yaakoob, S, A, TA,) upon his head. (TA.) b2: [The n. un.] شَعْرَةٌ is also used, metonymically, as meaning (tropical:) A daughter. (TA.) b3: And ↓ شَعَرٌ (K, and so accord. to the TA, but in the CK ↓ شُعْرٌ,) signifies also (tropical:) Plants and trees; (K, TA;) as being likened to hair. (TA.) b4: And the same, (A, K, TA, but in the CK ↓ شُعْرٌ,) (tropical:) Saffron (A, K) before it is pulverized. (A.) شُعْرٌ: see the next two preceding sentences.

شِعْرٌ [an inf. n., (see 1, first sentence,) and used as a simple subst. signifying] Knowledge; cognizance: (K, TA:) or knowledge of the minute particulars of things: or perception by means of [any of] the senses. (TA.) One says, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى فُلَانًا مَا صَنَعَ, (Ks, Lh, S, * Msb, * K, *) and لَيْتَ شِعْرِى لَهُ مَا صَنَعَ, and لَيْتَ شِعْرِى عَنْهُ مَا صَنَعَ, (Ks, Lh, K, *) i. e. Would that I knew what such a one did, or has done; (S, * K, * Msb, * TA;) for would that my knowledge were present at, or comprehending, what such a one did, or has done; the phrase being elliptical: (TA:) accord. to Sb, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى is for ليت شِعْرَتِى, the ة being elided as in هُوَ أَبُو عُذْرِهَا [for هو ابو عُذْرَتِهَا], (S, TA,) the elision of the ة in this latter instance, as Sb says, being peculiar to the case of the words being preceded by ابو; [but see عُذْرَةٌ;] and as in إِقَامَة when used as a prefixed noun; though لَيْتَ شِعْرَتِى is not now known to have been heard. (TA.) One says also, لَيْتَ شِعْرِى مَا كَانَ Would that I knew what happened, or has happened. (A.) b2: The predominant signification of شِعْرٌ is Poetry, or verse; (Msb, K;) because of its preeminence by reason of the measure and the rhyme; though every kind of knowledge is شِعْرٌ: (K:) or because it relates the minute affairs of the Arabs, and the occult particulars of their secret affairs, and their facetiæ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) it is properly defined as language qualified by rhyme and measure intentionally; which last restriction excludes the like of the saying in the Kur [xciv. 3 and 4], اَلَّذِى أَنْقَضَ ظَهْرَكْ وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكْ, because this is not intentionally qualified by rhyme and measure: (KT; and the like is said in the Msb:) and sometimes a single verse is thus termed: (Akh, TA:) pl. أَشْعَارٌ. (S, K.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) Falsehood; because of the many lies in poetry. (B, TA.) شَعَرٌ: see شَعْرٌ, in two places.

شَعِرٌ: see أَشْعَرُ. b2: [The fem.] شَعِرَةٌ signifies [particularly] A sheep or goat (شَاةٌ) having hair growing between the two halves of its hoof, which in consequence bleed: or having an itching in its knees, (K, TA,) and therefore always scratching with them. (TA.) شَعْرَةٌ and شَعَرَةٌ ns. un. of شَعْرٌ [q. v.] and شَعَرٌ.

شِعْرَةٌ The hair of the pubes; (T, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شِعْرَآء, [accord. to general analogy with tenween,] or ↓ شَعْرَآء, [and if so, without tenween,] accord to different copies of the K; (TA;) of a man and of a woman; and of the hinder part of a woman: (T, Msb:) or the hair of the pubes of a woman, specially: (S, O, Msb:) and the pubes (عَانَة) [itself]: (K:) and the place of growth of the hair beneath the navel. (K, * TA.) b2: Also A portion of hair. (K, * TA.) الشِّعْرَى [The star Sirius;] a certain bright star, also called المِرْزَمُ; (TA; [but see this latter appellation;]) the star that rises [aurorally] after الجَوْزَآء [by which is here meant Gemini], in the time of intense heat, (S, TA,) and after الهَقْعَة [app. a mistranscription for الهَنْعَة]: (TA:) [about the epoch of the Flight, it rose aurorally, in Central Arabia, on the 13th of July, O. S.: (see النَّثْرَةُ; and see also مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل:) on the periods of its rising at sunset, and setting aurorally, see دَبَرٌ and دَبُورٌ:] the Arabs say, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى جَعَلَ صَاحِبُ النَّخْلِ يَرَى [When Sirius rises aurorally, the owner of the palm-trees begins to see what their fruit will be]: (TA:) there are two stars of this name; الشِّعْرَى العَبُورُ and الشِّعْرَى الغُمَيْصَآءُ, (S, K,) together called الشِّعْرَيَانِ: the former is that [above mentioned] which is in [a mistake for “ after ”] الجَوْزَآء, and the latter is [Procyon,] in the ذِرَاع [by which is meant الذِّرَاعُ المَقْبُوضَةُ, not الذِّرَاعُ المَبْسُوطَةُ]; (S;) and both together are called the two Sisters of Suheyl (سُهَيْل [i. e. Canopus]): (S, K:) the former was worshipped by a portion of the Arabs; and hence God is said in the Kur-án to be Lord of الشِّعْرَى: (TA:) it is called العَبُور because of its having crossed the Milky Way; and the other is called الغُمَيْصَآء because said by the Arabs to have wept after the former until it had foul thick matter in the corner of the eye: (K in art. غمص:) the former is also called الشِّعْرَى اليَمَانِيَّةُ [the Yemenian, or Southern, شعرى]; and the latter, الشِّعْرَى الشَّامِيَّةُ [the Syrian, or Northern, شعرى]. (Kzw.) شَعْرَآءُ fem. of أَشْعَرُ [q. v.: under which head it is also mentioned either as a subst. or as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant]. b2: See also شِعْرَةٌ.

شِعْرَآء [app., if correct, with tenween]: see شِعْرَةٌ.

شِعْرِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, poetry; poetical. b2: And also (assumed tropical:) False, or lying]. One says أَدِلَّةٌ شِعْرِيَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) False, or lying, evidences or arguments: because of the many lies in poetry. (B, TA.) A2: [and Of, or relating to, الشِّعْرَى, i. e. Sirius.] You say, رَعَيْنَا شِعْرِىَّ المَرَاعِى We pastured our cattle upon the herbage of which the growth was consequent upon the نَوْء [i. e. the auroral rising or setting] of الشِّعْرَى [or Sirius]. (A.) شَعَرِيَّاتٌ The young ones of the رَخَم [i. e. vultur percnopterus]. (K.) شَعْرَانُ: see أَشْعَرُ. b2: شَعْرَان [app. without tenween, being probably originally an epithet, also] signifies (assumed tropical:) The [shrub called] رِمْث, (K,) or a species thereof, (Tekmileh, TA,) green, inclining to dust-colour: (Tekmileh, K, TA:) or a species of [the kind of plants called] حَمْض, dust-coloured: (TA:) or حَمْض upon which hares feed, and in which they [make their forms, i. e.] lie, cleaving to the ground; it is like the large أُشْنَانَة [here app. used as the n. un. of أُشْنَانٌ, i. e. kali, or glasswort], has slender twigs, and appears from afar black. (AHn, TA.) شُعْرُورٌ [A poetaster]: see شَاعِرٌ.

A2: Also, accord. to analogy, sing. of شَعَارِيرُ, which is (assumed tropical:) Syn. with شُعْرٌ [as pl. of شَعْرَآءُ, q. v. voce أَشْعَرُ], meaning the flies that collect upon the sore on the back of a camel, and, when roused, disperse themselves from it. (TA.) [Hence the saying,] ذَهَبَ القَوْمُ شَعَارِيرَ (assumed tropical:) The people dispersed themselves, or became dispersed: (S:) and ذَهَبُوا شَعَارِيرَ بِقُذَّانَ, (K,) or بِقَذَّانَ, and بِقِذَّانَ, (TA,) and بِقِنْدَحْرَةَ, (K,) and بِقِنْذَحْرَةَ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) They went away in a state of dispersion, like flies: (K:) شعارير thus used being pl. of شُعْرُورٌ; (TA;) or having no sing. (Fr, Akh, S, TA.) And أَصْبَحَتْ شَعَارِيرَ بِقِرْدَحْمَةَ, and بِقِرْذَحْمَةَ, and بِقِنْدَحْرَةَ and بِقِدَّحْرَةَ, and بِقِذَّحْرَةَ, (assumed tropical:) They became beyond reach, or power. (Lh, TA.) b2: And the same pl. شَعَارِيرُ, having no sing., also signifies (assumed tropical:) A certain game (S, K, TA) of children. (TA.) You say, لَعِبْنَا الشَّعَارِيرَ [We played at the game of الشعارير]: and هٰذَا لَعِبُ الشَّعَارِيرِ [This is the game of الشعارير]. (S.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A sort of women's ornaments, like barley [-corns], made of gold and of silver, and worn upon the neck. (TA.) b4: And شُعْرُورَةٌ [n. un. of شُعْرُورٌ] signifies A small قِثَّآء [or cucumber]: pl. شَعَارِيرُ [as above]. (S, K.) شَعْرَانِىٌّ: see أَشْعَرُ.

A2: أَرْنَبٌ شَعْرَانِيَّةٌ A hare that feeds upon the شَعْرَان [q. v.], and that [makes its form therein, i. e.] lies therein, cleaving to the ground. (AHn, TA.) شَعَارٌ (tropical:) Trees; (ISk, Er-Riyáshee, S, A, K;) as also ↓ شِعَارٌ: (As, ISh, K:) or tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees; (T, K;) as also ↓ شِعَارٌ: (Sh, T, K:) or (TA, but in the K “ and ”) trees in land that is soft (K, TA) and depressed, between eminences, (TA,) where people alight, (K, TA,) such as is termed دَهْنَآء, and the like, (TA,) warming themselves thereby in winter, and shading themselves thereby in summer, as also ↓ مَشْعَرٌ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies any place in which are a خَمَر [or covert of trees, &c.,] and [other] trees; and its pl. is مَشَاعِرُ. (TA.) One says, أَرْضٌ كَثِيرَةُ الشَّعَارِ (assumed tropical:) A land abounding in trees [&c.]. (S.) b2: See also the next paragraph, latter half.

شِعَارٌ A sign of people in war, (S, Msb, K,) and in a journey (K) &c., (TA,) i. e. (Msb) a call or cry, (A, Mgh, Msb,) by means of which to know one another: (S, A, Mgh, Msb:) and the شِعَار of soldiers is a sign that is set up in order that a man may thereby know his companions: (TA:) and شِعَار signifies also the banners, or standards, of tribes. (TA in art. برم.) It is said in a trad. that the شِعَار of the Prophet in war was يَا مَنْصُورُ أَمِتْ أَمِتْ [O Mansoor, (a proper name of a man, meaning “ aided ” &c.,) kill thou, kill thou]. (TA.) and it is said that he appointed the شِعَار of the refugees on the day of Bedr to be يابَنِى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمٰنِ: and the شعار of El-Khazraj, يا بَنِى عَبْدِ اللّٰهِ: and that of El-Ows, يَا بَنِى عُبَيْدِ اللّٰهِ: and their شعار on the day of El-Ahzáb, حٰم لَا يُنْصَرُونَ. (Mgh.) b2: And Thunder; (Tekmileh, K;) as being a sign of rain. (TK.) b3: شِعَارُ الحَجِّ means The religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; and the signs thereof; (K;) and, (TA,) as also ↓ الشَعَائِرُ, (S,) the practices of the pilgrimage, and whatever is appointed as a sign of obedience to God; (S, Msb, * TA;) as the halting [at Mount 'Arafát], and the circuiting [around the Kaabeh], and the سَعْى [or tripping to and fro between Es-Safà and El-Marweh], and the throwing [of the pebbles at Minè], and the sacrifice, &c.; (TA;) and ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ and ↓ شِعَارَةٌ and ↓ مَشْعرٌ signify the same as شِعَارٌ: (L:) ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ is the sing. of شَعَائِرُ meaning as expl. above; (As, S, Msb;) or, as some say, the sing. is ↓ شِعَارَةٌ: (As, S:) or ↓ شَعِيرَةٌ and ↓ شِعَارَةٌ, by some written ↓ شَعَارَةٌ, and ↓ مَشْعَرٌ, signify a place [of the performance] of religious rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage; expl. in the K by مُعْظَمُهَا, which is a mistake for مَوْضِعُهَا; (TA;) and ↓ مَشَاعِرُ, places thereof: (S:) or الحَجِّ ↓ شَعَائِرُ signifies the مَعَالِم [or characteristic practices] of the pilgrimage, to which God has invited, and the performance of which He has commanded; (K;) as also ↓ المَشَاعِرُ: (TA:) and اللّٰهِ ↓ شَعَائِرُ, all those religious services which God has appointed to us as signs; as the halting [at Mount 'Arafát], and the سَعْى [or tripping to and fro between Es-Safà and El-Marweh], and the sacrificing of victims: (Zj, TA:) or the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, and the places where those rites and ceremonies are performed; (Bd in v. 2 and xxii. 33;) among which places are Es-Safà and El-Marweh, they being thus expressly termed; (Kur ii. 153;) and so accord. to Fr in the Kur v. 2: (TA:) or the obligatory statutes or ordinances of God: (Bd in v. 2:) or the religion of God: (Bd in v. 2 and xxii. 33:) the camels or cows or bulls destined to be sacrificed at Mekkeh are also said in the Kur xxii. 37, to be مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللّٰهِ, i. e. of the signs of the religion of God: (Bd and Jel:) and [hence the sing.]

↓ شَعِيرَةٌ signifies [sometimes] a camel or cow or bull that is brought to Mekkeh for sacrifice; (S, K;) such as is marked in the manner expl. voce أَشْعَرَ; (Msb;) and شَعَائِرُ is its pl.; (K;) and is also pl. of شِعَارٌ: and the [festival called the]

عِيد is said to be a شِعَار of the شَعَائِر [i. e. a sign of the signs of the religion] of El-Islám. (Msb.) b4: شِعَارُ الدَّمِ is said to mean (tropical:) The piece of rag: or (tropical:) the vulva: because each is a thing that indicates the existence of blood. (Mgh.) A2: Also The [innermost garment; or] garment that is next the body; (S, Msb;) the garment that is next the hair of the body, under the دِثَار; as also ↓ شَعَارٌ; (K;) but this is strange: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْعِرَةٌ and [of mult.] شُعُرٌ. (K.) [Hence,] one says, لَبِسَ شِعَارَ الهَمِّ (tropical:) [He involved himself in anxiety]. (A.) And جَعَلَ الخَوْفَ شِعَارَهُ (assumed tropical:) [He made fear to be as though it were his innermost garment], by closely cleaving to it. (TA in art. درع.) [Hence, also,] it is said in a prov., هُمُ الشِّعَارُ دُونَ الدِّثَارِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) They are near in respect of love: and in a trad., relating to the Ansár, أَنْتُمُ الشِّعَارُ وَالنَّاسُ الدِّثَارُ (assumed tropical:) Ye are the special and close friends [and the people in general are the less near in friendship]. (TA.) b2: Also A horse-cloth; a covering for a horse to protect him from the cold. (K.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A thing with which wine [app. while in the vat] is protected, or preserved from injury: (L, K: [for الخَمْرُ, the reading in the CK, the author of the TK has read الخُمُرُ (and thus I find the word written in my MS. copy of the K) or الخُمْرُ, pls. of الخِمَارُ; and Freytag has followed his example: but الخَمْرُ is the right reading, as is shown by what here follows:]) so in the saying of El-Akhtal, فَكَفَّ الرِّيحَ وَالأَنْدَآءَ عَنْهَا مِنَ الزَّرَجُونِ دُونَهُمَا الشِّعَارُ

[evidently describing wine, and app. meaning (assumed tropical:) And the شعار of the wine, (الشِّعَارُ مِنَ الزَّرَجُونَ, i. e. شِعَارُ الزَّرَجُونِ,) while yet in the vat, intervening as an obstacle to them, kept off the wind and the rains, or dews, or day-dews, from it, namely, the wine]. (L.) b4: See also شَعَارٌ, in two places.

A3: Also Death. (O, K.) شَعِيرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) which may be also pronounced شِعِيرٌ, agreeably with the dial. of Temeem, as may any word of the measure فَعِيلٌ of which the medial radical letter is a faucial, and, accord. to Lth, certain of the Arabs pronounced in a similar manner any word of that measure of which the medial radical letter is not a faucial, like كَبِيرٌ and جَلِيلٌ and كَرِيمٌ, (MF,) [and thus do many in the present day, others pronouncing the fet-h in this case, more correctly, in the manner termed إِمَالَة, i. e. as “ e ” in our word “ bed: ”

Barley;] a certain grain, (S, Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) of the masc. gender, except in the dial. of the people of Nejd, who make it fem.: (Zj, Msb:) n. un. with ة [signifying a barleycorn]. (S, K.) A2: Also An accompanying associate; syn. عَشِيرٌ مُصَاحِبٌ: on the authority of En-Nawawee: (K, TA:) said to be formed by transposition: but it may be from شَعَرَهَا meaning “ he slept with her in one شِعَار; ” [see 3; and so originally signifying a person who sleeps with another in one innermost garment;] then applied to any special companion. (TA.) شِعَارَةٌ, and, as written by some, شَعَارَةٌ: see شِعَارٌ, in four places.

شَعِيرَةٌ A sign, or mark. (Mgh.) b2: See this word, and the pl. شَعَائِرُ, voce شِعَارٌ, in seven places.

A2: Also n. un. of شَعِيرٌ [q. v.]. (S, K.) b2: and [hence,] (tropical:) The iron [pin] that enters into the tang of a knife which is inserted into the handle, being a fastening to the handle: (S:) or a thing that is moulded of silver or of iron, in the form of a barley-corn, (K, TA,) entering into the tang of the blade which is inserted into the handle, (TA,) being a fastening to the handle of the blade. (K, TA.) b3: [And (assumed tropical:) A measure of length, defined in the law-books &c. as equal to six mule's hairs placed side by side;] the sixth part of the إِصْبَع [or digit]. (Msb voce مِيلٌ.) b4: [And (assumed tropical:) The weight of a barley-corn.]

شُعَيْرَةٌ dim. of شَعْرَةٌ and شَعَرَةٌ: pl. شُعَيْرَاتٌ.]

شُعَيْرَآءُ [dim. of شَعْرَآءُ fem. of أَشْعَرُ.

A2: Also] A kind of trees; (Sgh, K;) in the dial. of Hudheyl. (Sgh, TA.) b2: See also أَشْعَرُ, last signification but one.

شَعِيرِىٌّ A seller of شَعِير [or barley]: one does not use in this sense either of the more analogical forms of شَاعِرٌ and شَعَّار. (Sb, TA.) شَاعِرٌ A poet: (T, S, Msb, K:) so called because of his intelligence; (S, Msb;) or because he knows what others know not: (T, TA:) accord. to Akh, it is a possessive epithet, like لَابِنٌ and تَامِرٌ: (S:) pl. شُعَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) deviating from analogy: (S, Msb:) Sb says that the measure فَاعِلٌ is likened in this case to فَعِيلٌ; and hence this pl.: (TA:) or, accord. to IKh, the pl. is of this form because the sing. is from شَعُرَ, and therefore should by rule be of the measure فَعِيلٌ, like شَرِيفٌ [from شَرُفَ]; but were it so, it might be confounded with شَعِير meaning the grain thus called, therefore they said شَاعِرٌ, and regarded in the pl. the original form of the sing. (Msb.) A wonderful poet is called خِنْذِيذٌ: one next below him, شَاعِرٌ: then, ↓ شَوَيْعِرٌ [the dim.]: (Yoo, K:) then, ↓ شُعْرُورٌ: and then, ↓ مَتَشَاعِرٌ. (K.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A liar: because of the many lies in poetry: and so, accord. to some, in the Kur xxi. 5. (B, TA.) b3: شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ Excellent poetry: (Sb, T, K:) or known poetry: but the former explanation is the more correct. (TA.) One also says, sometimes, كَلِمَةٌ شَاعِرَةٌ, [by كلمة] meaning قَصِيدَةٌ: but generally in a phrase of this kind the two words are cognate, as in وَيْلٌ وَائِلٌ and لَيْلٌ لَائِلٌ. (TA.) شُوَيْعِرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَشْعَرُ [More, and most, knowing or cognizant or understanding: see 1, first sentence. b2: And,] applied to a verse, (T,) or to a poem, (S,) More [and most] poetical. (T, S. *) A2: Also, (S, A, K,) and ↓ شَعِرٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ شَعْرَانِىٌّ, (K,) which last (SM says) I have seen written شَعَرَانِىٌّ, (TA,) A man having much hair upon his body: (S, A:) or having hair upon the whole of the body: (IAth, L voce أَجْرَدُ [q. v.], in explanation of the first:) or having much and long hair (K, TA) upon the head and body: (TA:) and the first and second, a goat having much hair: fem. of the first شَعْرَآءُ: (TA:) and pl. of the first شَعْرٌ. (S, K.) One says أشْعَثُ أَشْعَرُ, meaning Having his head unshaven and not combed nor anointed. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ أَشْعَرُ الرَّقَبَةِ [lit. Such a one is hairy in the neck] is said of a man though he have not hair upon his neck, as meaning (tropical:) such a one is strong, like a lion. (A, * TA.) b2: [The fem.] شَعْرَآءُ also signifies A testicle, or scrotum, (خُصْيَةٌ,) having much hair: (TA:) and the سَوْءَة [or pudendum]: thus used as a subst. (IAar, TA in art. معط.) See also شِعْرَةٌ. b3: And A furred garment. (Th, K.) b4: And as an epithet, (tropical:) Evil, foul, or abominable: [as being likened to that which is shaggy, and therefore unseemly:] (K, * TA:) in the K, الخَشِنَةُ is erroneously put for الخَبِيثَةُ. (TA.) One says, دَاهِيَةٌ شَعْرَآءُ, (S, A, K,) and وَبْرَآءُ, (S, A,) and زَبَّآءُ, (TA in art. زب,) (tropical:) An evil, a foul, or an abominable, (TA,) or a severe, or great, (K,) calamity or misfortune: pl. شُعْرٌ. (K, TA.) and one says to a man when he has said a thing that one blames or with which one finds fault, جِئْتَ بِهَا شَعْرَآءَ ذَاتَ وَبَرٍ (tropical:) [Thou hast said it as a foul, or an abominable, thing]. (S, A. *) b5: And أَشْعَرُ signifies also The hair that surrounds the solid hoof: (S:) or [the extremity, or border, of the pastern, next the solid hoof; i. e.] the extremity of the skin surrounding the solid hoof, (K, TA,) where the small hairs grow around it: (TA:) or the part between the hoof of a horse and the place where the hair of the pastern terminates: and the part of a camel's foot where the hair terminates: (TA:) pl. أَشَاعِرُ, (S, TA,) because it is [in this sense] a subst. (TA.) b6: Also The side of the vulva, or external portion of the female organs of generation: (K:) it is said that the أَشْعَرَانِ are the إِسْكَتَانِ, which are the two sides [or labia majora] of the vulva of a woman: or the two parts next to the شُفْرَانِ, which are the two borders of the إِسْكَتَانِ: or the two parts between the إِسْكَتَانِ and the شُفْرَانِ: (L, TA:) or the two parts next to the شُفْرَانِ, in the hair, particularly: (Zj, in his “ Khalk el-Insán: ”) the أَشَاعِر of the حَيَآء [or vulva of a camel &c.] are the parts where the hair terminates: (TA:) and the أَشَاعِر of a she-camel are the sides of the vulva. (S, L, TA.) b7: And A thing that comes forth from [between] the two halves of the hoof of a sheep or goat, resembling a ثُؤْلُول [or wart]; (Lh, K;) for which it is cauterized. (Lh, TA.) b8: And Flesh coming forth beneath the nail: pl. شُعُرٌ, (K, TA,) with two dammehs, (TA,) or شُعْرٌ. (So in the CK.) b9: And [the fem.] شَعْرَآءُ also signifies (tropical:) Land (أَرْض) containing, or having, trees: or abounding in trees: (A, K:) [and so, app., ↓ شَعْرَانُ; for] there is a mountain in [the province of] El-Mowsil called شَعْرَانُ, said by AA to be thus called because of the abundance of its trees: (S:) or شَعْرَآءُ signifies many trees: (A 'Obeyd, S:) or i. q. أَجَمَةٌ [i. e. a thicket, wood, or forest; &c.]: (TA:) and a meadow (رَوْضَةٌ, AHn, A, K, TA) having its upper part covered with trees, (AHn, K * TA,) or abounding in trees, (TA,) or abounding in herbage: (A:) and a tract of sand (رَمْلَةٌ) producing [the plant called] نَصِىّ (Sgh, L, K) and the like. (Sgh, K.) b10: And (assumed tropical:) A certain tree of the kind called حَمْض, (K, TA,) not having leaves, but having [what are termed] هَدَب [q. v.], very eagerly desired by the camels, and that puts forth strong twigs or branches; mentioned in the L on the authority of AHn, and by Sgh on the authority of Aboo-Ziyád; and the latter adds that it has firewood. (TA.) b11: And (assumed tropical:) A certain fruit: (AHn, TA:) a species of peach: (S, K:) sing. and pl. the same: (AHn, S, K:) or a single peach: (IKtt, MF:) or الأَشْعَرُ is a name of the peach, and the pl. is شُعْرٌ. (Mtr, TA.) b12: Also (assumed tropical:) A kind of fly, (S, K,) said to be that which has a sting, (S,) blue, or red, that alights upon camels and asses and dogs; (K;) as also ↓ شُعَيْرَآءُ: (TA:) a kind of fly that stings the ass, so that he goes round: AHn says that it is of two species, that of the dog and that of the camel: that of the dog is well known, inclines to slenderness and redness, and touches nothing but the dog: that of the camel inclines to yellowness, is larger than that of the dog, has wings, and is downy under the wings: sometimes it is in such numbers that the owners of the camels cannot milk in the day-time nor ride any of them; so that they leave doing this until night: it stings the camel in the soft parts of the udder and around them, and beneath the tail and the belly and the armpits; and they do not protect the animal from it save by tar: it flies over the camels so that one hears it to make a humming, or buzzing, sound. (TA. [See also شُعْرُورٌ, under which its pl. شُعْرٌ is mentioned.]) b13: And [hence, perhaps, as this kind of fly is seen in swarms,] (assumed tropical:) A multitude of men. (K.) أُشَيْعَارٌ: see شَعْرٌ.

مَشْعَرٌ i. q. مَعْلَمٌ [meaning A place where a thing is known to be]. (TA.) b2: And hence, A place of the performance of religious services. (TA.) See this word, and its pl. مَشَاعِرُ, voce شِعَارٌ, in four places. b3: [The pl.] المَشَاعِرُ also signifies The five senses; (S, * A, * TA;) the hearing, the sight, the smell, the taste, and the touch. (S and Msb in art. حس.) A2: See also شَعَارٌ.

دِيَةُ المُشْعَرَةِ The bloodwit that is exacted for killing kings: it is a thousand camels. (A, TA. [See 4.]) مُتَشَاعِرٌ One who affects, or pretends, to be a poet, but is not. (S, * L, * K, * TA.) See شَاعِرٌ.

كيد

1 كَادَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, L, Msb,) inf. n. كَيْدٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and مَكِيدَةٌ, (S, L, K,) or the latter is a simple subst.; (Msb;) and ↓ كايدهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُكَايَدَةٌ; (S;) or this implies reciprocation; (TA;) [and ↓ اكتادهُ, which see below. app. signifies the same as كَادَهُ like as اِخْتَدَعَهُ signifies the same as خَدَعَهُ;] He deceived, beguiled, or circumvented, him or he deceived, beguiled, or circumvented, him; and desired to do him a foul, an abominable, or an evil, action, clandestinely, or without his knowing whence it proceeded; i. q. مَكَرَ بِهِ (S, L, Msb, K) and خَدَعَهُ: (Msb:) or, accord. to some, مكربه implies the feigning of the contrary of one's real intentions; whereas كاده does not: or this latter signifies he did him harm, or mischief; and the former, he did so clandestinely. (MF.) b2: كَادَ, aor. ـِ (L,) inf. n. كَيْدٌ and مَكِيدَةٌ, (L, K,) [or the latter is a simple subst.,] He acted deceitfully, mischievously, or wickedly. (L, K.) b3: Also, inf. n. كَيْدٌ, He practised an evasion or elusion, a shift, a wile, an artifice, or artful contrivance or device, a plot, a stratagem, or an expedient; or he exercised art, artifice, cunning, ingenuity, or skill, in the management or ordering of affairs,, with excellent consideration or deliberation, and ability to manage with subtilty according to his own free will; syn. اِخْتَالَ; (L:) and of the inf. n., حِيلَةٌ. (L, K.) b4: كَادَهُ He taught him الكَيْد [i. e., to deceive, beguile, or circumvent, &c., or, to act deceitfully, mischievously, or wickedly; or, to practise modes, or means, of evading or cluding, &c.]. So some explain it in the Kur xii. 76. (TA.) b5: It is said in a trad., مَا قَوْلُكَ فِى عُقُولٍ كَادَهَا خَالِقُهَا What sayest thou of intellects to which their Creator hath desired to do evil? (L.) So some explain the verb in the Kur xxi. 58. (TA.) b6: يَكِيدُونَ كَيْدًا وَأَكِيدُ كَيْدًا [Kur lxxxvi. 16, They practise an artful device, and I will practise an artful device]. كَيْدُ اللّٰهِ لِلْكُفَّارِ CCC [God's practising an artful device towards the unbelievers] means his taking them unawares, so that they do not reckon upon it; bestowing upon them enjoyments in which they delight, and on which they place their reliance, and with which they become familiar so as not to be mindful of death, and then taking them in their most heedless state; إِسْتِدْرَاجُهُمْ مِنْ حَيْثُ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ. (Zj, L.) b7: كَادَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. كَيْدٌ, He contrived, devised, or plotted, a thing, whether wrong or right. Ex. فُلَانٌ يَكِيدُ أَمْرً مَا أَدْرِى مَا هُوَ Such a one contrives, devises, or plots, a thing: I know not what it is. (L.) b8: كَادَ, aor. ـِ He worked, or laboured, at, or upon, anything; he laboured, took pains, applied himself vigorously, exerted himself, strove, or struggled, to do, execute, or perform, or to effect, or accomplish, or to manage, or treat, anything; he laboured, strove, or struggled, with anything, to prevail, or overcome, or to effect an object; syn. عَالَجَ. (S, L.) b9: كَادَ, inf. n. كَيْدٌ, He strove, or laboured; exerted himself, or his power or ability; employed himself vigorously, laboriously, sedulously, or earnestly; was diligent; took extraordinary pains. (L.) A2: كَادَ, inf. n. كَيْدٌ, He (a raven or crow) exerted himself in his croaking. (S, K.) A3: كَادَ بِنَفْسِهِ, (K,) aor. ـِ (S, L,) inf. n. كَيْدٌ, (L,) (tropical:) He gave up his spirit: (S, L, K:) endured distress in giving up the ghost. (A.) b2: كَادَ, (K,) inf. n. كَيْدٌ, (S, K,) He vomited. (S, K.) b3: كَادَ, inf. n. كَيْدٌ, It (a زَنْد) emitted fire. (L, K.) b4: كَادَتْ, (L, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. كَيْدٌ, (L,) She had the menstrual flux. (L, K.) A4: لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ وَلَا كَيْدًا وَلَا هَمًّا I will not do that, nor do I desire, nor do I purpose, or intend. (K, * TA.) See كَادَ in art. كود.

A5: كَادَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا, (L. Msb, K,) originally كَيِدَ, first Pers\. كِدْتُ, aor. ـَ (L, Msb;) and كِيدَ: (L, K:) see art. كود.

[It is mentioned in arts. كود and كيد in the L, K: in the former only in the S: and in the latter only in the Msb.]3 كَاْيَدَ see 1.6 هُمَا يَتَكَايَدَانِ (L, K) They two deceive, beguile, or circumvent, each other; or do so, each desiring to do to the other a foul, abominable, or evil, action clandestinely. (TK.) See 1. Youshould not say يَتَكَاوَدَانِ. (L, K.) 8 اكتاد is of the measure افْتَعَلَ from الكَيْدُ; (K;) and اكتادهُ signifies إحْتَالَهُ [or rather إِحْتَالَ عَلَيْهِ]. (TK.) See 1.

كَيْدٌ: see 1. b2: (tropical:) War: (S, K:) so called because of the stratagems employed therein. (TA.) One says, غَزَا فُلَانٌ فَلَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْدًا (tropical:) Such a one went on a hostile expedition and found not war: (S, L:) i. e., did not fight. (A.) b3: كَيْدٌ ذَاتُ غَدْرٍ (tropical:) A war characterized by perfidy.

كيد is here made fem. because meaning حَرْبٌ. (L, from a trad.) A2: كَيْدٌ Vomit. (S, * L, K. *) بَلَعَ الكَيْدَ. He swallowed vomit. (L, from a trad.) مَكِيدَةٌ: see 1. b2: As a simple subst., Deceit, guile, or circumvention, and desire to do a foul, an abominable, or an evil, action, to another clandestinely: (Msb:) [and an evasion, or elusion, a shift, a wile, an artifice, &c.: see 1 as intrans.:] pl. مَكَائِدُ. (A.)

عشر

1 عَشَرَ, (K,) aor. ـُ as is expressly stated by the expositors of the Fs and by others, but F, confounding two usages of the verb, says عَشِرَ, (TA,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (TA,) He took one from ten. (K.) b2: And عَشَرَهُمْ He took one from among them, they being ten. (Msb.) b3: And عَشَرَهُمْ, (S, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, TA,) accord. to the K عَشِرَ, but this is at variance with other authorities, as mentioned above, (TA,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (K,) or عُشْرٌ, with damm, (S, O,) the former correct, but the latter is preferred by MF, who quotes it from the Expositions of the Fs, (TA,) and عُشُورٌ; (K;) and ↓ عشّرهُمْ, (O, K,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ; (TA;) He took from them the عُشْر [i. e. the tenth, or, by extension of the term in the Muslim law, the half of the tenth, or the quarter of the tenth,] of their several kinds of property. (S, O, K.) And in like manner you say, (TA,) عَشَرَ المَالَ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَشْرٌ and عُشُورٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ عشّرهُ; (TA;) He took the عُشْر of the property. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad., respecting women, لَا يُعْشَرْنَ, meaning, They shall not have the tenth of the value of their ornaments taken. (TA.) b4: عَشَرَ, aor. ـِ He added one to nine. (L, K.) [In the TA and CK, this signification is connected with the first mentioned above, at the commencement of this art., by أَوْ, instead of وَ, which latter is evidently the right reading.] b5: And عَشَرَهُمْ, aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَشْرٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He became the tenth of them: (S, O, Msb, K:) or he made them ten by [adding to their number] himself. (TA.) [See also 2: and see Q. Q. 1.]2 عَشَّرَ see 1, in two places. b2: عشّرهُمْ, (O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, (TA,) also signifies He made them ten, by adding one to nine. (O, Msb, TA. [See وَحَّدَهُ.]) And العَدَدَ ↓ اعشر He made the number ten. (TA.) b3: عشّر المُصْحَفَ, inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, He put, in the copy of the Kur-án, [the marks called] the عَوَاشِر [pl. of عَاشِرَةٌ]. (S, O, K. *) b4: اَللّٰهُمَّ عَشِّرْ خُطَاىَ O God, write down ten good deeds for every one of my steps. (Lh, TA.) b5: عشّر لِامْرَأَتِهِ, or عِنْدَهَا, He remained ten nights with his wife: and in like manner the verb is used in relation to any saying or action. (TA voce سَبَّعَ.) b6: عشّرت, (S, Msb, K, [in the CK عَشَرَت,]) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ اعشرت; (K;) She (a camel) became what is termed عُشَرَآء; (S, K;) she completed the tenth month of her pregnancy. (Msb.) b7: And عشّروا Their camels became such as are termed عِشَار [pl. of عُشَرَآءُ]. (O.) b8: See also 4. b9: عشّر القَدَحَ He broke the قدح [or drinking-bowl] into ten pieces. (O, TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] عشّر الحُبُّ قَلْبَهُ (assumed tropical:) Love emaciated him [as though it broke his heart into ten pieces]. (TA.) b11: And عشّر, (A, K,) inf. n. تَعْشِيرٌ, (S, O, K,) He (an ass) brayed with ten uninterrupted reciprocations of the sound. (S, A, O, K. *) They assert that, when a man arrived at a country of pestilence, he put his hand behind his ear, and brayed in this manner, like an ass, and then entered it, and was secure from the pestilence: (S, * O, TA:) or he so brayed at the gate of a city where he feared pestilence, and conse-quently it did not hurt him. (A.) b12: Also He (a hyena) cried, or howled, in the same manner. (A.) And He (a raven) croaked in the same manner. (K.) 3 عاشرهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَاشَرَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) He mixed with him; consorted with him; held social or familiar intercourse, or fellowship, with him; conversed with him; or became intimate with him; syn. خَالَطَهُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See also 6.]4 اعشر العَدَدَ: see 2. b2: اعشروا They became ten. (S, O.) b3: اعشرت said of a she-camel: see 2. b4: Also She (a camel) completed ten months from the time of her bringing forth. (TA.) b5: Also, or ↓ عشّرت, She brought forth her tenth offspring. (TA in art. بكر.) b6: And the former, said of camels, They came to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first. (O.) b7: And اعشر He was, or became, one whose camels came to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding water-ing as the first; expl. by the words وَرَدَتْ إِبِلُهُ عِشْرًا, (S, TA,) or العِشْرَ. (TA.) b8: And He came to be within [the period of] the [first] ten [nights] of Dhu-l-Hijjeh (فِى عَشْرِ ذِى الحِجَّةِ). (T, TA.) b9: And أَعْشَرْنَا مُنْذُ لَمْ نَلْتَقِ We have had ten nights pass over us since we met. (L, TA.) 6 تَعَاشَرُوا They mixed; consorted; or held social or familiar intercourse, or fellowship; one with another; conversed together; or became intimate, one with another; syn. تَخَالَطُوا; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اعتشروا. (TA.) 8 إِعْتَشَرَ see what next precedes. Q. Q. 1 عَشْرَنَهُ He made it twenty: an extr. word [with respect to formation, and post-classical, like سَبْعَنَ, q. v.]. (K, TA.) [In the CK, عَشَرْتُهُ, and expl. there as signifying I made it twenty: but this is evidently a mistranscription.]

عَشْرٌ fem. of عَشَرَةٌ [q. v.].

عُشْرٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عُشُرٌ (TA) A tenth; a tenth part; one part of ten parts; as also ↓ عَشِيرٌ and ↓ مِعْشَارٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) which last is [of a form] not used [to denote a fractional part] except as applied to the tenth part (S, O) and [in the instance of مِرْبَاعٌ applied to] the fourth part: (O:) or, as some say, مِعْشَارٌ is the tenth of the tenth [i. e. a hundredth part]: and as some say, مِعْشَارٌ is the tenth of the ↓ عَشِير, which latter is the tenth of the عُشْر; so that, accord. to this, the معشار is one of a thousand; for it is the tenth of the tenth of the tenth: (Msb:) [in the TA, “and as some say, معشار is pl. of عشير, which latter is pl. of عُشْرٌ: ” but this is evidently a mistake:] the pl. of عُشْرٌ is أَعْشَارٌ (Msb, K) and عُشُورٌ; (K;) and that of ↓ عَشِيرٌ is أَعْشِرَآءُ: (S, O, Msb:) it is said in a trad., تِسْعَةُ أَعْشِرَآءِ الرِّزْقِ فِى التِّجَارَةِ وَجُزْءٌ مِنْهَا فِى السَّابِيَآءِ, i. e. [Nine tenths of the means of subsistence consist in merchandise, and one part of them consists in] the increase of animals. (S, A, * O. *) b2: أَخَذَ عُشْرَ أَمْوَالِهِمْ [means He took the tenth, or tithe, or by extension of the term in the Muslim law, the half of the tenth, or the quarter of the tenth, of their several kinds of property]. (S, K.) [See 1, and see عَشَّارٌ.]

A2: عُشْرٌ [as a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned], applied to she-camels, That excern into the udder (تُنْزِلُ) a scanty دِرَّة [or quantity of milk (in the CK دَرَّة)] without its collecting [and increasing]. (O, K.) عِشْرٌ A period of eight days between [camels'] twice coming to water; for they come to water on the tenth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]; and in like manner, the term for every one of the periods between two waterings is with kesr: [see ثِلْثٌ:] (S, O:) or camels' coming to water on the tenth day [after the next preceding period of abstinence, i. e., counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]: or on the ninth day [not counting the day of the next preceding watering; for it is evident that these two explanations are virtually one and the the same]; (K;) as in the Shems el-'Uloom, on the authority of Kh, where it is added that they keep them from the water nine nights and eight days, and then bring them to water on the ninth day, which is the tenth from [by which is meant including] the former [day of] watering: (TA:) after the عِشْر, there is no name for a period between the two waterings until the twentieth [day]; (S, O;) but you say, هِىَ تَرِدُ عِشْرًا وَغِبًّا, and عِشْرًا وَرِبْعًا, [and so on,] to the twentieth [day counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]; (As;) and then you say, that their period between two waterings is عِشْرَانِ, (As, S, O,) i. e., eighteen days; (S, O;) and when they exceed this, they are termed جَوَازِئُ [meaning “ that satisfy themselves with green pasture so as not to need water ”]. (As, S, O.) b2: Also The eighth young one, or offspring. (A in art. ثلث.) A2: And A piece that is broken off from a cooking-pot, (K, TA,) or from a drinking-cup or bowl, (TA,) and from anything; (K, TA;) as though it were one of ten pieces; (TA;) as also ↓ عُشَارَةٌ, (K, TA,) which signifies a piece of anything: (O, TA:) pl. of the former, أَعْشَارٌ [and pl. pl. أَعَاشِيرُ]; (TA;) and of ↓ the latter, عُشَارَاتٌ. (O, TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] بُرْمَةٌ أَعْشَارٌ A cookingpot, or one of stone, broken in pieces: thus [we find the latter word] occurring in the pl. form [and used as an epithet]. (S, O.) And قِدْرٌ أَعْشَارٌ A cooking-pot broken into ten pieces: (K:) or a large cooking-pot, of ten pieces joined together by reason of its largeness: (A:) or a cooking-pot so large that it is carried by ten men, (K,) or by ten women: (TA:) or [simply] a cooking-pot broken in pieces; not derived from anything: (TA:) pl. قُدُورٌ أَعْشَارٌ, (A,) and أَعَاشِيرُ. (A, K.) And جَفْنٌ

أَعْشَارٌ [A scabbard of a sword, or a sword-case,] broken in pieces. (O.) And قَلْبٌ أَعْشَارٌ [(assumed tropical:) A broken heart.] (S, K.) And أَعْشَارُ جَزُورٍ The portions of a slaughtered camel [for which players at the game called المَيْسِر contend, and which are ten in number; not seven, as is said in one place in the TA. In Har p. 579, اعشار in this case is said to be pl. of عُشْرٌ; but I think that we have better reason for regarding it as a pl. of عِشْرٌ]. (Az, S, O, K.) Imra-el-Keys says, وَمَا ذَرَفَتْ عَيْنَاكِ إِلَّا لِتَضْرِبِى

بِسَهْمَيْكِ فِى أَعْشَارِ قَلْبٍ مُقَتَّلِ [And thine eyes did not shed tears but that thou mightest play with thy two arrows for the portions of a heart subdued and killed by the passion of love]: he means, by the two arrows, the two called المُعَلَّى and الرَّقِيب; to the former of which are assigned seven portions, and to the latter, three; so that both together gain all the portions; for the slaughtered camel is divided into ten portions: therefore he means that she has played for his heart with her two arrows, [alluding to the glances shot from her eyes,] and gained possession of it altogether: (Az, S, * O: * [see also a verse cited voce رَقِيبٌ:]) or accord. to some, he means that his heart had been broken, and then repaired like as cooking-pots are repaired: but Az says that the former explanation, which is mentioned by Th, pleases him more. (TA.) Hence the saying, ضَرَبَ فِى أَعْشَارِهِ وَلَمْ يَرْضَ بِمِعْشَارِهِ [He played for all the portions of it, and was not content with the fifth of it]; meaning he took the whole of it. (A.) b3: And أَعْشَارٌ alone means Cooking-pots that boil the ten portions [of a جَزُور]. (Har. p. 579.) A3: أَعْشَارٌ also signifies The primary feathers of the wing of a bird; (S, O, TA;) and so ↓ عَوَاشِرُ. (TA.) عُشَرٌ Three nights of the [lunar] month, [the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth,] after the تُسَع [q. v.]. (S, O.) A2: Also [The asclepias gigantea of Linnæus; or gigantic swallow-wort;] a species of tree [or shrub] in which is a substance answering the purpose of tinder, (K,) like cotton, (TA,) than which there is nothing better wherein to strike fire, and with which cushions are stuffed, (K,) on account of its softness: (TA:) [see رَآءٌ, in art. روأ:] accord. to AHn, (TA,) a large species of tree [or shrub], of the kind called عِضَاه, having a sweet gum, (AHn, S, O, *) and milk, (O,) and broad leaves, growing up high, (AHn,) from the flowers and shoots of which, (AHn, K,) or from the joints of the branches and from the places of the flowers whereof, (O,) there comes forth a well-known kind of sugar, (AHn, O, * K,) in which is somewhat of bitterness, (O, K,) called سُكَّرُ العُشَرِ; (AHn, TA;) [or this is a kind of red sugar, which falls like dew upon this tree; (Golius, from Ibn-Maaroof and the Mj;)] it produces also bladders, resembling the شَقَاشِق [or faucial bags] of camels, in which they bray, [blowing them out from their months, with a gurgling sound,] (AHn, TA,) [and] like the bladder of the smaller قَتَاد [q. v.]; (S, O;) and it has a blossom like that of the دِفْلَى, tinged, [but with what hue is not said,] and shining, and beautiful in appearance, as well as a fruit: (AHn, TA:) n. un. with ة: and pl. [of this latter] عُشَرٌ [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.] and عُشَرَاتٌ. (S, O.) [See also سَلَعٌ.]

عُشُرٌ: see عُشْرٌ.

عِشْرَةٌ Social, or familar, intercourse; fellowship; i. q. مُخَالَطَةٌ; (O, * K;) or a subst. from the latter word. (S, Msb.) Sometimes it governs as a verb, [like the inf. n.,] accord. to some grammarians, as in the following ex.: بِعِشْرَتِكَ الكِرَامَ تُعَدُّ مِنْهُمْ [By thine associating with the generous thou will be reckoned as one of them]. (I'Ak p. 211.) عَشَرَةٌ [Ten;] the first of the عُقُود; (A, K;) with ة, (Msb,) and with fet-h to the ش, (TA,) for the masc.; (Msb, TA;) and عَشْرٌ, without ة, (Msb, TA,) and with one fet-hah, (TA,) for the fem. (Msb, TA.) You say, عَشَرَةُ رِجَالٍ [Ten men]: and عَشْرُ نِسْوَةٍ [ten women]. (S, O, Msb, TA.) [In De Sacy's Arabic Grammar, for the former is inadvertently put عَشْرَةٌ; and for the latter, عَشَرٌ; and in Freytag's lexicon we find عَشَرٌ instead of عَشْرٌ.] عَشَرَاتٌ [is the pl. of عَشَرَةٌ: and also] signifies Decimal numbers. (M in art. ست.) The vulgar make عَشْرٌ masc., as meaning a number of days, saying العَشْرُ الأَوَّلُ, and العَشْرُ الأَخِيرُ; but this is wrong [unless thereby they mean to speak of nights with their days, as will be shown by what follows]: the month consists of three عَشَرَات; namely, العَشْرُ الأُوَلُ [The first ten nights. with their days], pl. of أُولَى; and العَشْرُ الوُسَطُ [The middle ten nights, with their days], pl. of وُسْطَى; and العَشْرُ الأَخَرُ [The last, lit. the other, ten nights, with their days], pl. of أُخْرَى; or العَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ [The last ten nights, with their days], pl. of آخرَةٌ. (Msb.) [العَشْرُ الأَوَاخِرُ is also especially applied to The last ten nights of Ramadán, with their days: and عَشْرُ ذِى الحِجَّةِ to The first ten nights of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, with their days: and العَشْرُ, alone, to The first ten nights of El-Moharram, with their days.] The Arabs also said, سِرْنَا عَشْرًا, meaning We journeyed ten nights, with their days; making the fem. [لَيَالٍ] to predominate over the masc. [أَيَّام]; as is the case in the Kur ii. 234. (Msb.) And أَيَّامُ العَشْرِ is used for أَيَّامُ اللَّيَالِى العَشْرِ [The days of the ten nights]. (Mgh.) [See some other observations applying to the syntax of عَشَرَةٌ and عَشْرٌ, voce خَمْسَةٌ. and respecting a peculiar pronunciation of the people of El-Hijáz, and a case in which عَشَرَة is imperfectly decl., see ثَلَاثَةٌ.] b2: [عَشْرٌ is also applied to A portion, or paragraph, of the Kur-án properly consisting of ten verses; but it is often applied to somewhat more, or less, than what is considered by some, or by all, as ten verses, either because there is much disagreement as to the divisions of the verses or for the sake of beginning and ending with a break in the tenour of the text: (see عَاشِرَةٌ:) pl. أَعْشَارٌ. These divisions have no mark to distinguish them in some MSS.: in others, each is marked by a round ornament at the end; or by the word عشر, or the letter ع, over, or over against, the commencement.] b3: When you have passed the number ten, you make the masc. fem., and the fem. masc. [to nineteen inclusively]: in the masc., you reject the ة in عَشَرَة; and from thirteen to nineteen [inclusively], you add ة to the former of the two nouns; and [in every case] you pronounce the ش with fet-h; and you make the two nouns one noun, [and, as such,] indecl., with fet-h for the termination: (TA:) you say, أَحَدَ عَشَرَ [Eleven], (S, O, Msb,) [and اِثْنَا عَشَرَ Twelve,] and ثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ [Thirteen], and so on; (Msb, TA;) with fet-h to the ش; and in one dial. with sukoon [أَحَدَ عَشْرَ, &c.]; (Msb;) or the former only: (S, O:) and, as ISk says, some of the Arabs make the ع quiescent, [as many do in the present day,] saying أَحَدَ عْشَرَ, and so on to تِسْعَةَ عْشَرَ [inclusively] except in the instance of اِثْنَا عَشَرَ and اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ, because of the quiescence of the ا and ى; and Akh says that they make the ع quiescent because the noun is long and its vowels are many: (S, O) in the fem., you add ة to the latter of the two nouns, and reject the ة in the former of them, and make the ش in عشرة quiescent: you say إِحْدَى عَشْرَةَ (TA,) [and اِثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ,] and so on to تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ [inclusively]: and if you choose, you say إِحْدَى عَشِرَةَ, [&c.,] with kesr to the ش: the former is of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz, [and is the more common,] and the latter is of the dial. of the people of Nejd: (S, O, TA:) but fet-h to the ش in this case is unknown to the grammarians and lexicologists, as Az says, though an instance has been adduced in an unusual reading of the Kur ii. 57, and another in vii. 160. (TA.) Every noun of number, from eleven to nineteen [inclusively], is mansoob, [or more properly speaking, each of the two nouns of which it is composed is indecl., with fet-h,] in the cases of refa and nasb and khafd, except that of twelve; for اِثْنَا and اِثْنَتَا are decl. [i. e. you say, in a case of nasb or khafd, اِثْنَىْ عَشَرَ and اِثْنَتَىْ عَشْرَةَ]. (TA.) b4: [In the same manner also عَشَرَ and عَشْرَةَ are used in the ordinal compounds,] عُشَرَآءُ A she-camel that has been ten months pregnant, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) from the day of her having been covered by the stallion: she then ceases to be [of those] called مَخَاضً, and she is called عشرا until she brings forth, and also after she has brought forth, (S, O,) or when she has brought forth, at the completion of a year: or when she has brought forth she is termed عَاتِذٌ: (TA:) or that has been eight months pregnant: or, applied to a she-camel, i. q. نُفَسَآءُ applied to a woman: (K:) it is applied also to any female that is pregnant, but mostly to the female of the horse and camel: (IAth:) it is the only sing. word of this measure, which is a pl. measure, except نُفَسَآءُ: (MF:) the dual is عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S, O, TA; in one copy of the S عُشْرَاوَانِ:) and pl. عُشَرَاوَاتٌ; (S, O, K, TA; in one copy of the S, and in the CK عُشْراوات;) but some disallow this; (MF;) and عِشَارٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) like as نِفَاسٌ is pl. of نُفَسَآءُ; (Msb;) and عُشَارٌ: (K in art. نفس:) or عِشَارٌ is applied to she-camels until some of them have brought forth and others are expected to bring forth. (K.) Some say that عِشَار have no milk; though El-Farezdak applies this term to camels that are milked, because of their having recently brought forth; and it is said that camels are most precious to their owners when they are عشار. (TA.) عَشَائِرُ, as pl. of عِشَارٌ, which is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, signifies Gazelles that have recently brought forth. (O.) لَبَنٌ عُشَرِىٌّ Milk of camels that feed upon the عُشَر, q. v. (TA.) عِشْرُونَ Twenty; twice ten: (K:) applied alike to a masc. and a fem.: (Msb:) you say عِشْرُونَ رَجُلًا [Twenty men], and عِشْرُونَ امْرَأَةً [Twenty women: the noun following it being in the accus. case as a specificative]: (TA:) it is decl. with و and ى [like a pl. formed by the addition of و and ن]; (Msb;) and when you prefix it to another noun, making it to govern the latter in the gen. case, you drop the ن, (S, Msb,) and say, عِشْرُو زَيْدٍ [The twenty of Zeyd], (Msb,) and عِشْرُوكَ [Thy twenty], (S, O, Msb,) and عِشُرِىّ [My twenty], changing the و into ى [in this last case], because of the letter following it, and these incorporating: (S, O:) so says Ks; but most disallow this mode of prefixing in the case of a decimal number [of this kind], (Msb.) [It signifies also Twentieth.] It is not a pl. of عَشَرَةٌ, (so in a copy of the S and in the O and in the TA.) or عَشْرٌ, (so in another copy of the S,) [or perhaps the right reading is عِشْرٌ, as may be inferred from what will be presently added: but first it should be observed that if it were pl. of عَشَرَةٌ, or of عَشْرٌ, it would signify at least three times ten: some hold it to be a pl. of عِشْرٌ, saying, (TA.) as عِشْرٌ signifies camels' coming to water on the ninth day, they do not say عِشْرَانِ [for twenty], but they say عِشْرُونَ, (in the K, لَمْ يُقَلْ عِشْرَيْنِ وَقَالُوا عِشْرِينَ: but the correct reading seems to be لَمْ يَقُولُوا: TA: [in the CK it is more incorrect, لم يقل عِشْرِينَ وقالوا عِشْرَيْنِ:]) making eighteen days to be عِشْرَانِ, and the nineteenth and twentieth a portion of the third عِشْر; and so, [regarding the portion as a whole,] forming the pl. عِشْرُونَ; (K, * TA;) agreeably with a well-known license, which allows the calling two and a part of the third a pl: (TA:) this is the opinion of Kh and IDrd and some others: but J and most of the lexicologists hold that عِشْرُونَ is not a pl. of عَشَرَةٌ nor of عِشْرٌ nor of any other word, and their opinion I hold to be correct, applying as it does to the other similar nouns of number. (MF.) عُشَارَ Ten and ten; [or ten and ten together; or ten at a time and ten at a time;] (MF;) changed from عَشَرَة, (S,) or rather عَشَرَةً عَشَرَةً; as also ↓ مَعْشَرَ; (MF;) [for which reason, and its having the quality of an epithet, each is imperfectly decl.] You say, جَاؤُوا عُشَارَ عُشَارَ, (S, M, O, L, K,) and ↓ مَعْشَرَ مَعْشَرَ, (M, O, L, K,) and عُشَارَ once, and ↓ مَعْشَرَ once, (M, L, TA,) They came ten [and] ten. (S, M, O, L, K.) MF says that the repetition is manifestly wrong; but it is allowed by the M and L, as well as the K; [and is for the purpose of corroboration;] and مَعْشَرَ

↓ مَعْشَرَ is also authorized by the TS. (TA.) A'Obeyd says that more than أُحَادَ and ثُنَآءَ and ثُلَاثَ and رُبَاعَ has not been heard, except عُشَارَ occurring in a verse of El-Kumeyt. (O, TA.) [But خُمَاسَ is mentioned in the K.]

عَشِيرٌ: see عُشْرٌ, in three places. b2: Also A certain measure of land, a tenth of the قَفِيز, (O, Msb, K,) which is the tenth of the جَرِيب [q. v.]: (O, TA:) pl. أَعْشِرَآءُ. (TA in art. جرب.) A2: and An associate; i. q. مُعَاشِرٌ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b2: And A husband; (S, O, Msb, K;) because he and his wife are associates, each of the other. (S, O.) يَكْفُرْنَ العَشِيرَ means They are ungrateful to the husband. (Msb.) b3: And A wife. (Msb.) b4: And A relation. (K.) b5: And A friend. (K.) Pl. عُشَرَآءُ. (K.) b6: See also عَشِيرَةٌ.

A3: Also The cry of the ضَبُع [or hyena, or female hyena]: (K:) in this sense, a word not derived. (TA.) عُشَارَةٌ; and its pl.: see عِشْرٌ.

عُشَارِىٌّ A garment, or piece of cloth, (A, K,) ten cubits long. (S, A, Mgh, O, K.) b2: And A boy ten years old: fem. with ة. (TA.) عَشُورَى and عَشُورَآءُ: see عَاشُورَآءُ.

عَشِيرَةٌ A man's kinsfolk: (Bd and Jel in ix. 24:) or his nearer or nearest relations, or next of kin, by descent from the same father or ancestor: (K:) or a small sub-tribe; a small portion, or the smallest subdivision, of a tribe, less than a فَصِيلَة: (TA voce شَعْبٌ, q. v.:) or a tribe; syn قَبِيلَةٌ; (S, O, Msb;) a man's قَبِيلَة; (K;) as also ↓ عَشِيرٌ, without ة: (TA:) or a community, such as the Benoo-Temeem, and the Benoo-'Amr-Ibn-Temeem: (ISh:) a word having no proper sing.: (Msb:) accord. to some, from عِشْرَةٌ: accord. to others, from عَشَرَةٌ, the number so called: (Bd ubi suprà, and MF:) pl. عَشَائِرُ (Msb, K) and عَشِيرَاتُ. (Msb.) [See also مَعْشَرٌ.]

A2: عَشَائِرُ is also a pl. pl. of عُشَرَآءُ [q. v., last sentence]. (O.) عَشَّارٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عَاشِرٌ (O, Msb, K) and ↓ مُعَشِّرٌ (TA) One who takes, or receives, the عُشْر [q. v.] of property. (S, Msb, K.) Where the punishment of the عَشَّار, or عَاشِر, is mentioned in traditions, as where it is said that the عَاشِر is to be put to death, the meaning is, he who takes the tenth as the people in the Time of Ignorance used to do: such is to be put to death because of his unbelief; or because, being a Muslim, he holds this practice to be lawful: but such as performed the like office for the Prophet and for the Khaleefehs after him may be thus called because of the relation of what he takes to the tenth, as the quarter of the tenth, and the half of the tenth, and as he takes the tenth wholly of the produce that is watered [only] by the rain, and the tenth of the property in merchandise [of foreigners, and half the tenth of that] of non-Muslim subjects. (TA.) [There is either a mistake or an omission in the last part of the statement above, in the TA, which I have rectified by inserting “ of foreigners ” &c.]

عَاشِرٌ: see عَشَّارٌ. b2: One says also, صَارَ عَاشِرَهُمْ [meaning he became the tenth of them]. (S, Msb, K.) عَاشِرَةٌ The circular sign which marks a division of an 'ashr (عَشْر) in a copy of the Kur-án: (O, L, K:) a post-classical term: (O, L:) pl. عَوَاشِرُ. (S, K.) b2: And عَوَاشِرُ القُرْآنِ means The verses that complete an عَشْر of the Kur-án. (K.) b3: and إِبِلٌ عَوَاشِرُ Camels coming to water after an interval of eight days; (S, O;) on the tenth day [counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first]: or on the ninth day [not counting the day of the next preceding watering: see عِشْرٌ]. (K.) A2: For another signification of the pl., عَوَاشِرُ, see عِشْرُ, last sentence.

A3: عَاشِرَةُ is a proper name of The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena]; a determinate noun: [but it has for] pl. عَاشِرَاتٌ. (O.) عَاشُورٌ: see what next follows.

عَاشُورَآءُ and ↓ عَشُورَآءُ (Msb, K) and عَاشُورَى (Msb, K) and ↓ عَشُورَى (K) and ↓ عَاشُورٌ, (Msb, K,) or يَوْمُ عَاشُورَآءَ (S, O, and K in art. تسع, &c.) or يَوْمُ العَاشُورَآءِ (S in that art., &c.) and يَوْمُ عَشُورَآءَ, (S, O,) The tenth day of the month El-Moharram: (S, Msb, K:) or the ninth thereof, (K,) accord. to some; but most of the learned, of old and late times, agree that it is the former; (Msb in art. تسع;) and Az says that by the ninth may be meant the tenth; after the same manner as the term عِشْرٌ, relating to camels' coming to water, is [said to be] applied to a period of nine days, [but means the coming to water on the tenth day, counting the day of the next preceding watering as the first,] as Lth says, on the authority of Kh. (TA.) Few nouns of the measure فَاعُولَآءُ have been heard. (Az, TA.) مَعْشَرٌ A company, or collective body, (Az, S, O, Msb, K,) of people, (S,) consisting of men, exclusive of women; like نَفَرٌ and قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ; (Az, Msb;) having no proper sing.: (Az:) or any company, or collective body, whose state of circumstances is one; a community; as the معشر of the Muslims and that of the Polytheists: (Lth:) or a great company, or collective body; so called [from عَشَرَةٌ,] because they are many; for عشرة is that large and perfect number after which there is no number but what is composed of the units comprised in it: (MF:) or the family of a man: or jinn (i. e. genii) and mankind: (K: [or the author of the K may mean, or jinn: and also mankind:]) in the Kur [vi. 130, and lv. 33], we find the expression يَا مَعْشَرَ الْجِنِّ وَالْإِنْسِ; but this means O معشر consisting of the jinn and of mankind: and [vi. 128], يَا مَعْشَرَ الجِنِّ, without the mention of الانس: (MF:) pl. مَعَاشِرُ. (S, Msb.) [See also عَشِيرَةٌ.]

A2: مَعْشَرَ: see عُشَارَ, in four places.

مُعْشِرٌ (tropical:) A woman who has completed her full time of pregnancy. (TA.) مُعَشَّرٌ pass. part. n. of 2, q. v. See also مُثَلَّثٌ.]

مُعَشِّرٌ: see عَشَّارٌ.

A2: Also One whose camels have brought forth: and one whose camels have become عِشَار [pl. of عُشَرَآء]. (O, K.) مِعْشَارٌ: see عُشْرٌ.

A2: Also A she-camel whose milk is abundant (K, TA) in the nights of her bringing forth. (TA.)

سحر

1 سَحَرَهُ He, or it, hit, or hurt, his سَحْر [or lungs, &c.], (Mgh, TA,) or his سُحْرَة [i. e. heart]. (TA.) b2: And the same, aor. ـَ inf. n. سِحْرٌ, (T, TA,) [said to be] the only instance of a pret. and aor. and inf. n. of these measures except the verb فَعَلَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. فِعْلٌ, (MF,) (tropical:) He turned it, (T,) or him, (TA,) عَنْ وَجْهِهِ [from its, or his, course, or way, or manner of being]: and hence other significations here following. (T, TA. [Accord. to the T, this seems to be proper; but accord. to the A, tropical.]) In this sense the verb is used in the Kur xxiii. 91. (Fr.) The Arabs say to a man, مَا سَحَرَكَ عَنْ وَجْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا (tropical:) What has turned thee from such and such a course? (Yoo.) أُفِكَ and سُحِرَ are syn. [as meaning (tropical:) He was turned from his course &c.]. (TA.) b3: And (tropical:) He turned him from hatred to love. (TA.) b4: Hence, (TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (T, S, TA,) and inf. n. also سَحْرٌ, (KL, TA,) (tropical:) He enchanted, or fascinated, him, or it; (S, * K, * KL, PS;) and so ↓ سحّرهُ (MA, TA) [in an intensive or a frequentative sense, meaning he enchanted, or fascinated, him, or it, much, or (as shown by an explanation of its pass. part. n.) time after time]: and سَحَرَ عَيْنَهُ He enchanted, or fascinated, his eye. (MA.) You say, سَحَرَ الشَّىْءَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ, meaning (tropical:) He (an enchanter, سَاحِرٌ) apparently turned the thing from its proper manner of being, making what was false to appear in the form of the true, or real; causing the thing to be imagined different from what it really was. (T, TA. [See سِحْرٌ, below.]) And المَرْأَةُ تَسْحَرُ النَّاسَ بِعَيْنِهَا (tropical:) [The woman enchants, or fascinates, men by her eye]. (A.) And سَحَرَهُ بِكَلَامِهِ (assumed tropical:) He caused him, or enticed him, to incline to him by his soft, or elegant, speech, and by the beauty of its composition. (Msb.) b5: (tropical:) He deceived, deluded, beguiled, circumvented, or outwitted, him; (S, Mgh, K; *) as also ↓ سحّرهُ, [but app. in an intensive or a frequentative sense,] (K, TA,) inf. n. تَسْحِيرٌ. (TA. [Accord. to the Mgh, the former verb in this sense seems to be derived from the same verb in the first of the senses expl. in this art.]) b6: and in like manner, (assumed tropical:) He diverted him [with a thing], as one diverts a child with food, that he may be contented, and not want milk; syn. عَلَّلَهُ; as also ↓ سحّرهُ, inf. n. تَسْحِيرٌ. (S, TA.) One says, سَحَرَهُ بِالطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ, and ↓ سحّرهُ, (assumed tropical:) He fed him, and diverted him [from the feeling of want], with meat and drink. (TA.) b7: And سَحَرْتُ الفِضَّةَ (assumed tropical:) I gilded the silver. (Ham p. 601.) b8: سِحْرٌ is also syn. with فَسَادٌ [as quasi-inf. n. of أَفْسَدَ, as is indicated in the TA; thus signifying The act of corrupting, marring, spoiling, &c.: see the pass. part. n. مَسْحُورٌ]. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, سَحَرَ المَطَرُ الطِّينَ and التُّرَابَ, (assumed tropical:) The rain spoiled the clay, and the earth, or dust, so that it was not fit for use. (TA.) b9: And one says of the adhesion of the lungs to the side by reason of thirst, يَسْحَرُ أَلْبَانَ الغَنَمِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) It causes the milk of the sheep, or goats, to descend before bringing forth. (TA.) A2: سَحَرَ also signifies He went, or removed, to a distance, or far away; syn. تَبَاعَدَ; (T, K;) said of a man. (T, TA.) A3: سَحِرَ, aor. ـَ (assumed tropical:) He went forth early in the morning, in the first part of the day; or between the time of the prayer of daybreak and sunrise; syn. بَكَّرَ. (O, K. [See also 4.]) 2 سحّر, inf. n. تَسْحِيرٌ: see 1, in four places. b2: Also (tropical:) He fed another, or others, with the food, or meal, called the سَحُور: (M, Mgh, TA:) or سَحَّرَهُمْ signifies he gave to them the meal so called. (Mgh.) 4 اسحر (tropical:) He was, or became, in the time called the سَحَر; (S, A, K;) as also ↓ استحر. (TA.) And (tropical:) He went, or journeyed, in the time so called: (S, K, TA:) or he rose to go, or journey, in that time; and so ↓ استحر: (TA:) or this latter signifies he went forth in that time. (A. [See also 1, last sentence.]) 5 تسحّر (A, Mgh, Msb) and تسحّر السَّحُورَ (Az, TA) (tropical:) He ate the food, or meal, [or drank the draught of milk,] called the سَحُور. (Az, A, Mgh, Msb, TA.) b2: And تسحّر بِهِ (tropical:) He ate it, (S, * K, * TA,) namely, food, or سَوِيق [q. v.], [or drank it, namely, milk,] at the time called the سَحَر. (TA.) 8 استحر: see 4, in two places. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) He (a cock) crowed at the time called the سَحَر: (S, K:) and he (a bird) sang, warbled, or uttered his voice, at that time. (TA.) سَحْرٌ, and ↓ سَحَرٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) sometimes thus because of the faucial letter, (S,) and ↓ سُحْرٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and, accord. to El-Khafájee, in the 'Ináyeh, ↓ سِحْرٌ, but this is not mentioned by any other, and therefore requires confirmation, (TA,) The lungs, or lights: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) or what adheres to the gullet and the windpipe, of [the contents of] the upper part of the belly: or all that hangs to the gullet, consisting of the heart and liver and lungs: (Msb, TA:) and the part of the exterior of the body corresponding to the place of the lungs: (Mgh, TA: *) and سَحْرٌ signifies also the liver; and the core, or black or inner part, (سَوَاد,) and sides, or regions, of the heart: (TA:) and ↓ سُحْرٌ, the heart; (ElJarmee, K;) as also ↓ سُحْرَةٌ: (TA:) the pl. (of سَحْرٌ, S, Msb) is سُحُورٌ, and (of ↓ سُحْرٌ, S, Msb, and of ↓ سَحَرٌ, Msb) أَسْحَارٌ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Hence, اِنْتَفَخَ سَحْرُهُ, (S, A, K,) and اِنْتَفَخَتْ

↓ مَسَاحِرُهُ, (A, K,) (tropical:) His lungs became inflated, or swollen, by reason of timidity and cowardice: (A:) said of a coward: (S:) and of one who has exceeded his due bounds: Lth says that, when repletion arises in a man, one says انتفخ سحره, and that the meaning is, [as given also in the K,] he exceeded his due bounds: but Az says that this is a mistake, and that this phrase is only said of a coward, whose inside is filled with fear, and whose lungs are inflated, or swollen, so that the heart is raised to the gullet: and of the same kind is the phrase in the Kur [xxxiii. 10]

وَبَلَغَتِ القُلُوبُ الحَنَاجِرَ. (TA.) b3: And المُقَطَّعَةُ الأَسْحَارِ, and السُّحُورِ, (assumed tropical:) [She that has her lungs burst asunder], an appellation given to the أَرْنَب [i. e. hare, or female hare], (S, K,) or to the swift ارنب, (TA in art. قطع,) by way of good omen, meaning that her lungs will burst asunder; like المُقَطَّعَةُ النِّيَاطِ: (S:) and some (of those of later times, S) say المُقَطِّعَةُ, with kesr to the ط; (S, K;) as though, by her speed and vehemence of running, she would burst asunder her lungs; (S;) or because she bursts the lungs of the dogs by the vehemence of her running, and the lungs of him who purses her. (ISh, Sgh.) b4: and اِنْقَطَعَ مِنْهُ سَحْرِى (tropical:) I despaired of him, or it. (A, K.) And أَنَا مِنْهُ غَيْرُ صَرِيمِ سَحْرٍ (tropical:) I am not in despair of him, or it. (A, B.) صَرِيمُ سَحْرٍ is also expl. as signifying (tropical:) Having his hope cut off: and (tropical:) anything despaired of. (TA.) and صُرِمَ سَحْرُهُ means (tropical:) His hope was cut off. (TA.) A2: Also The scar of a gall on the back of a camel, (K, TA,) when it has healed, and the place thereof has become white. (TA.) A3: and The upper, or highest, part of a valley. (TA.) A4: See also سَحَّارَةٌ.

A5: And see سَحَرٌ, in two places.

سُحْرٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

سِحْرٌ: see سَحْرٌ, first sentence.

A2: [Also] an inf. n. of سَحَرَهُ, meaning (tropical:) The turning a thing from its proper manner of being to another manner: (T, TA: [accord. to the T, this seems to be proper; but accord. to the A, tropical:]) and hence, (T, TA,) (tropical:) enchantment, or fascination: (T, * S, * MA, KL, PS:) for when. the enchanter (السَّاحِرُ) makes what is false to appear in the form of truth, and causes a thing to be imagined different from what it really is, it is as though he turned it from its proper manner of being: (T, TA:) the producing what is false in the form of truth: (IF, Msb:) or, in the common conventional language of the law, any event of which the cause is hidden, and which is imagined to be different from what it really is: and embellishment by falsification, and deceit: (Fakhred-Deen, Msb:) or a performance in which one allies himself to the devil, and which is effected by his aid: (TA:) i. q. أَخْذَةٌ [meaning a kind of enchantment, or fascination, which captivates the eye and the like, and by which enchantresses withhold their husbands from other women]: (S:) and anything of which the way of proceeding or operation (مَأْخَذُهُ) is subtile: (S, K:) accord. to Ibn-Abee-'Áïsheh, سِحْر is thus called by the Arabs because it changes health, or soundness, to disease: (Sh:) [and in like manner it is said to change hatred to love: (see 1:)] pl. أَسْحَارٌ and سُحُورٌ. (TA.) b2: Also (tropical:) Skilful eloquence: (TA:) or used absolutely, it is applied to that for which the agent is blamed: and when restricted, to that which is praiseworthy. (Msb.) Thus it is in the saying of Mohammad, إِنَّ مِنَ البَيَانِ لَسِحْرًا (tropical:) [Verily there is a kind of eloquence that is enchantment]: because the speaker propounds an obscure matter, and discloses its true meaning by the beauty of his eloquence, inclining the hearts [of his hearers] in like manner as they are inclined by سِحْر: or because there is in eloquence a novelty and strangeness of composition which attracts the hearer and brings him to such a pass as almost diverts him from other things; therefore it is likened to سِحْر properly so called: and it is said to be السِّحْرُ الحَلَالُ [or lawful enchantment]. (Msb.) The saying of Mohammad mentioned above was uttered on the following occasion: Keys Ibn-'Ásim El-Minkaree and EzZibrikán Ibn-Bedr and 'Amr Ibn-El-Ahtam came to the Prophet, who asked 'Amr respecting EzZibrikán; whereupon he spoke well of him: but Ez-Zibrikán was not content with this, and said, “ By God, O apostle of God, he knows that I am more excellent than he has said; but he envies the place that I have in thine estimation: ” and thereupon 'Amr spoke ill of him; and then said, “By God, I did not lie of him in the first saying nor in the other; but he pleased me, and I spoke as pleased; then he angered me, and I spoke as angered: ” then Mohammad uttered the above-mentioned words. (TA.) Their meaning is, but God knows best, he praises the man, speaking truth respecting him, so as to turn the hearts of the hearers to him, (K,) or to what he says; (TA;) and he dispraises him, speaking truth respecting him, so as to turn their hearts also to him, (K,) or to what he says after. (TA.) A' Obeyd says nearly the same. Or, as some say, the meaning is, that there is an eloquence that is sinful like سِحْر. (TA.) b3: Also (tropical:) Skill; science: Mohammad said, مَنْ تَعَلَّمَ بَابًا مِنَ النُّجُومِ فَقَدْ تَعَلَّمَ بَابًا مِنَ السِّحْرِ (tropical:) [He who learneth a process of the science of the stars (meaning astrology or astronomy) learneth a process of enchantment], which may mean that the science of the stars is forbidden to be learned, like the science of enchantment, and that the learning of it is an act of infidelity: or it may mean that it is skill, and science; referring to what is acquired thereof by way of calculation; as the knowledge of eclipses of the sun or moon, and the like. (ISd, TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) Food; aliment; nutriment: so called because its effect is subtile. (TA.) b5: غَيْثٌ ذُو سِحْرٍ means (assumed tropical:) Superabundant rain. (TA.) سَحَرٌ: see سَحْرٌ, in two places.

A2: Also, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and ↓ سَحْرٌ, (TA,) and ↓ سُحُرٌ, (Msb,) and ↓ سَحَرِىٌّ, and ↓ سَحَرِيَّةٌ, (K,) (tropical:) The time a little before daybreak: (S, K:) or [simply] before daybreak: (Msb:) or the last part of the night: (Lth, Mgh:) or the last sixth of the night: (Mgh:) the pl. of سَحَرٌ (Msb) and of ↓ سَحْرٌ (TA) and of ↓ سُحُرٌ, (Msb,) is أَسْحَارٌ: (Msb, K, TA:) the سَحَر is thus met. called because it is the time of the departure of the night and the coming of the day; so that it is the مُتَنَفَّس [lit. the “ time of the breathing,” by which is meant the “ shining forth,”] of the dawn: (A:) there are two times of which each is thus called; one, which is [specially] called السَّحَرُ الأَعْلَى, [or the earlier سَحَر,] (A, Mgh,) is before daybreak; (Mgh;) or a little before daybreak: (A:) and the other, at daybreak: (A, Mgh:) like as one says “ the false dawn ” and “ the true: ” (A:) the earlier سَحَر is also called ↓ سُحْرَةٌ: (S, K:) or the سُحْرَة is the same as the سَحَر: or it is the last third of the night, to daybreak. (TA.) Using سَحَر indeterminately, you make it perfectly decl., and say, أَتَيْتُهُ بِسَحَرٍ [I came to him a little before daybreak], agreeably with the phrase in the Kur liv. 34; (S;) and in like manner, ↓ بِسُحْرَةٍ [in the earlier سَحَر]: (S, K:) you also say سَحَرًا, and ↓ سُحْرَةً, (A,) and سَحَرًا مِنَ الأَسْحَارِ: and مَا زَالَ عِنْدَنَا مُنْذُ السَّحَرِ [He ceased not to be with us, or at our abode, from a little before daybreak]: and لَقِيتُهُ بِالسَّحَرِ الأَعْلَى, and بِأَعْلَى سَحَرَيْنِ, and بِأَعْلَى السَّحَرَيْنِ, (TA,) and فِى أَعْلَى السَّحَرَيْنِ, (A, TA,) [I met him in the earlier سَحَر;] but بِأَعْلَى سَحَرٍ, a phrase used by El-'Ajjáj, is erroneous: (TA:) and هٰذِهِ اللَّيْلَةِ ↓ لَقِيتُهُ سَحَرِىَّ and ↓ سَحَرِيَّتَهَا [I met him in the time a little before daybreak of this last night]. (TA.) When, by سَحَر alone, you mean the سَحَر of the night immediately preceding, you say, لَقِيتُهُ سَحَرَ يَا هٰذَا [I met him a little before daybreak this last night, O thou man], (S, K,) making it imperfectly decl. because it is altered from السَّحَرَ, (S,) or because it is for بِالسَّحَرِ; (TA;) and it is thus determinate by itself, (S, K,) without its being prefixed to another noun and without ال: (S:) and in the same sense you say بِسَحَرَ: (TA:) and you say, سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ سَحَرَ يَا فَتَى [Go thou on thy horse a little before daybreak this night, O youth: so in the TA; but in two copies of the S, for سِرْ I find سِيرَ]: you do not make it to terminate with damm, [like قَبْلُ and بَعْدُ &c.,] because it is an adv. n. which, in a place where it is fitting to be such, may not be used otherwise than as such: (S:) and [in like manner] you say, ↓ لَقِيتُهُ سُحْرَةَ يَا هٰذَا [I met him in the earlier سَحَر of this last night, O thou man]. (TA.) If you make سَحَر the proper name of a man, it is perfectly decl.: and so is the dim.; for it is not of the measure of a noun made to deviate from its original from, like أُخَرُ: you say, ↓ سِرْ عَلَى فَرَسِكَ سُحَيْرًا [Go thou on thy horse a very little before daybreak: so in the TA; but here again, in two copies of the S, for سِرْ I find سِيرَ]: you do not make it to terminate with damm, [like قَبْلُ &c.,] because its being made of the dim. form does not bring it into the class of adv. ns. which may also be used as nouns absolutely, though it does bring it into the class of nouns which are perfectly declinable. (S, TA.) b2: سَحَرٌ also signifies (tropical:) Whiteness overspreading blackness; (K;) like صَحَرٌ; except that the former is mostly used in relation to the time so called, of daybreak; and the latter, in relation to colours, as when one says حِمَارٌ أَصْحَرُ; (TA;) and ↓ سُحْرَةٌ signifies the same; (TA;) i. q. صُحْرَةٌ. (K.) b3: And (tropical:) The extremity (T, A, K) of a desert, (T,) and of the earth or a land, (A,) or of anything: (K:) from the time of night so called: (A:) pl. أَسْحَارٌ. (T, A, K.) سَحِرٌ: see سَحِيرٌ.

سُحُرٌ: see سَحَرٌ, first sentence, in two places.

سُحْرَةٌ: see سَحْرٌ: A2: and سَحَرٌ, in five places.

سَحَرِىٌّ and سَحَرِيَّةٌ: see سَحَرٌ; each in two places.

سَحُورٌ A meal, or food, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) or [particularly] سَوِيق [generally meaning meal of parched barley], that is eaten at the time called the سَحَر; (S, * Mgh, Msb, K* TA;) or a draught of milk that is drunk at that time. (TA.) It is repeatedly mentioned in trads. [relating to Ramadán, when the Muslim is required to be exact in the time of this meal], and mostly as above; but some say that it is correctly [in these cases] with damm, [i. e. سُحُور, which see below,] because the blessing and recompense have respect to the action, and not to the food. (TA.) سُحُورٌ, an inf. n. [without a verb properly belonging to it, or rather a quasi-inf. n., for its verb is تَسَحَّرَ], (TA,) The act of eating the meal, or food, [or drinking the draught of milk,] called the سَحُور [q. v.]. (Msb, TA.) سَحِيرٌ: see مَسْحُورٌ. b2: Also A man having his lungs (سَحْرُهُ) ruptured; and so ↓ سَحِرٌ. (TA.) b3: And Having a complaint of the belly, (K, TA,) from pain of the lungs. (TA.) b4: And A horse large in the belly, (K,) or in the جَوْف [which often means the chest]. (TA.) A2: [and An arrow wounding the lungs: so accord. to Freytag in the “ Deewán el-Hudhaleeyeen. ”]

سُحَيْرًا: see سَحَرٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph.

سُحَارَةٌ The parts, of a sheep or goat, that the butcher plucks out (K, TA) and throws away, (TA,) consisting of the lungs, or lights, (سَحْر) and the windpipe, (K, TA,) and the appendages of these. (TA.) سَحَّارٌ: see سَاحِرٌ, in two places.

سَحَّارَةٌ (tropical:) A certain plaything of children; (A, K, TA;) having a string attached to it; (A;) which, when extended in one direction, turns out to be of one colour; and when extended in another direction, turns out to be of another colour: (A, * TA:) it is also called ↓ سَحْرٌ: and whatever. resembles it is called by the former appellation: so says Lth. (TA.) سَاحِرٌ (tropical:) [An enchanter;] a man who practices سِحْر; as also ↓ سَحَّارٌ [in an intensive sense, or denoting habit or frequency]: pl. of the former سَحَرَةٌ and سُحَّارٌ; and of ↓ the latter, سَحَّارُونَ only, for it has no broken pl. (TA.) [Hence,] one says, لَهَا عَيْنٌ سَاحِرَةٌ (tropical:) [She has an enchanting, or a fascinating, eye], and عُيُونٌ سَوَاحِرُ [enchanting, or fascinating, eyes]. (A, TA.) And أَرْضٌ سَاحِرَةُ السَّرَابِ (tropical:) [A land of delusive mirage].(A, TA.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) Knowing, skilful, or intelligent. (S, * TA.) مُسَحَّرٌ, of which the pl. occurs in the Kur xxvi.153 and 185, means Having سُحْر or سَحْر [i. e. lungs]; (Bd, TA;) or created with سَحْر [or lungs]; (S;) i. e. a human being: (Bd:) or diverted [from want] with food and drink: (S, * TA:) and this seems to be implied by the explanation in the K; which is hollow; from Fr: (TA:) or enchanted time after time, so that his intellect is disordered, or rendered unsound: (A, TA:) or enchanted much, so that his reason is overcome: (Bd, Jel:) [see also مَسْحُورٌ:] or deceived, deluded, beguiled, circumvented, or outwitted. (TA.) مَسْحُورٌ Having his lungs (سَحْرُهُ), or his heart (سُحْرَتُهُ), hit, or hurt; as also ↓ سَحِيرٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) b2: [(tropical:) Enchanted, or fascinated.] b3: (assumed tropical:) Deprived of his reason or intellect; corrupted or disordered [in his intellect]. (IAar, Sh.) [See also مُسَحَّرٌ.] b4: (assumed tropical:) Food (طَعَامٌ) marred, or spoilt, (K, TA,) in the making thereof. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) Herbage marred, or spoilt. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) A place marred, or spoilt, by much rain, or by scantiness of herbage. (K.) The fem., with ة, accord. to Az, signifies (assumed tropical:) Land (أَرْضٌ) marred, or spoilt, by superabundant rain, or by scantiness of herbage: accord. to ISh, (assumed tropical:) land in which is little milk; i. e. [because] without herbage: accord. to Z, [in the A,] (tropical:) land that produces no herbage. (TA.) b5: And the fem., applied to a she-goat, (tropical:) Having little milk: (A, TA:) or large in her udder, but having little milk. (Ham p. 26.) مَسَاحِرُ: see سَحْرٌ, second sentence.

شرح

1 شَرَحَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَرْحٌ, (S, O,) He uncovered, laid open, displayed, exposed to view, discovered, revealed, or disclosed. (S, O, K.) b2: [Hence,] one says, شَرَحَ أَمْرَهُ (tropical:) He showed, discovered, disclosed, or made apparent, his affair, or case. (A, TA.) And شَرَحَ مَسْأَلَةً (A, TA) (tropical:) He explained a question; (TA;) he explained, or made manifest, the answer to a question. (A.) And شَرَحَ الغَامِضَ (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, what was obscure, recondite, or abstruse. (S, O.) And شَرَحَ الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, the tradition; showed, or made apparent, its meaning. (Msb.) b3: And شَرَحَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (O, TA,) He opened (O, K, TA) a thing of any kind, of any substance or material. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) He defloured a virgin: (O, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he compressed a woman, (A, L,) or a virgin, (K,) lying on her back; (A, L, K;) or he threw, or laid, upon her back, and then compressed, his female slave, or young woman. (O, L.) b5: He widened, or dilated, a thing. (K.) b6: Hence, (TA,) شَرَحَ اللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, TA,) (assumed tropical:) God dilated his bosom, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of what was good], (O, TA,) and لِلْإِسْلَامِ (Mgh, Msb, TA) for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, [of El-Islám, or] of the truth, (Msb, TA,) as in the Kur [xxxix. 23]. (TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical; but not so in the A, being mentioned in the latter as proper.]) [And hence, an objective complement being app. understood,] فُلَانٌ يَشْرَحُ

إِلَى الدُّنْيَا (tropical:) Such a one manifests desire for the things of the present world: (A:) or such a one becomes dilated in the bosom at the prospect of the things of the present world, and desirous of acquiring them, with large desire. (O, * L.) and مَا لِى أَرَاكَ تَشْرَحُ إِلَى كُلِّ رِيبَةٍ (tropical:) What aileth me that I see thee manifesting desire for everything occasioning doubt, or suspicion, or evil opinion? (A, TA.) b7: Also He cut; and so ↓ شرّح. (K.) You say, شَرَحَ اللَّحْمَ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. as above; (O;) and ↓ شرّحهُ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ; (S, O, TA;) the former meaning He cut the flesh-meat lengthwise [or into an oblong slice or into such slices]: and the latter, he so cut it much or into many [such] pieces [or slices]: (Msb:) or the former, he cut the flesh-meat from the joint or limb: or both signify he cut the flesh-meat upon the bone: (L, TA:) or شَرْحُ اللَّحْمِ signifies تَصْفِيفُهُ; and so ↓ تَشْرِيحُهُ: (O:) or التَّصْفِيفُ is a kind of ↓ تَشْرِيح; i. e. the cutting a piece of flesh-meat thin, so that it is translucent by reason of its thinness, and then throwing it upon the live coals. (TA.) b8: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (O,) He understood (O, K) speech, or language. (TK.) b9: And شَرْحٌ also signifies The act of keeping, preserving, or guarding. (TA.) [And particularly The guarding of seed-produce from the birds; (see شَارِحٌ;) as also شِرَاحَةٌ; (see 1 in art. خفر, fourth sentence;) each an inf. n., of which the verb is شَرَحَ.]2 شَرَّحَ The inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ signifies The expounding, explaining, or interpreting, well, language, or discourse. (KL.) b2: See also 1, latter half, in four places. b3: [Also The dissecting, or anatomizing, a body.]7 انشرح صَدْرُهُ (S, A, O) His bosom became dilated, (O,) [with joy or the like, or] لِلْإِسْلَامِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of El-Islám]. (S.) 10 استشرح He asked for language to be expounded, explained, or interpreted, to him: or for flesh-meat to be cut for him in the manner termed شَرْحٌ. (O.) شَرْحٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, O, &c.) b2: [An exposition, explanation, or interpretation, in the form of a running commentary, comprising the entire text of the work which it expounds; distinguished from a حَاشِيَة, which is a commentary only on particular words and passages: pl. شُرُوحٌ.]

شَرْحَةٌ: see شَرِيحَةٌ. b2: شَرْحَةٌ مِنَ الظِّبَآءِ Flesh-meat of gazelles cut in the manner termed شَرْح [i. e. into oblong slices], (TA,) such as is brought in a dry state, just as it was, not مُقَدَّد [which means cut into strips and then dried by exposure to the sun]. (ISh, O, K, TA.) شَرَاحٌ The discovery, disclosure, or explanation, of an affair or a case: so in the prov., النَّجَاحُ مَعَ الشَّرَاحِ [The accomplishment of one's want is with the discovery, or disclosure, or explanation, thereof]; meaning, discover thou, or disclose, or explain, to me my affair, or case, for the doing so is one of the means of accomplishing my want: thus expl. by As. (Meyd. [In the TA, من is put in the place of مع. See a similar prov. voce سَرَاحٌ.]) شَرِيحٌ, applied to flesh-meat, i. q. ↓ مَشْرُوحٌ [i. e. Cut into oblong slices]. (O.) b2: See also شَرِيحَةٌ, in two places.

شُرَيْحٌ The vulva of a woman; (O, K;) and (K) so ↓ مَشْرَحٌ: (A, Mgh, K:) or a proper name for the vulva of a woman; like as رُمَيْحٌ is a proper name for “ the penis. ” (TA in art. رمح.

[Golius appears to have found in the K الحَرُّ in the place of الحِرُ.]) شَرِيحَةٌ A cut piece of flesh-meat, (S, A, O, K,) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ and ↓ شَرْحَةٌ, (K,) such as is مَشْرُوح [or cut into oblong slices]; (O;) [i. e. an oblong slice of flesh-meat:] or a thin piece, or slice, of flesh-meat: (L, TA:) and any extended piece of fat flesh-meat; (S, O;) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ: (S:) pl. of the first شَرَائِحُ. (A.) شَارِحٌ [An expositor, explainer, or interpreter, of a book or the like. b2: And] A keeper, or guardian. (TA.) In the dial. of El-Yemen, (O, TA,) A guardian of seed-produce from the birds (O, K, TA) amp;c. (O, TA.) مَشْرَحٌ: see شُرَيْحٌ. b2: [Also] The سَافِلَة [i. e. podex, or anus,] of a man. (O.) مَشْرُوحٌ: see شَرِيحٌ.

A2: Also The سَرَاب [or mirage]: (K: [In the CK, الشَّرَابُ is put in the place of السَّرَابُ:]) mentioned on the authority of Th: and مَسْرُوحٌ [q. v.] is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.)

شنف

1 شَنَفْتُ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ, (S,) aor. ـِ (O, Msb,) inf. n. شَنْفٌ, (S, O, K,) I looked in a state of opposition, or resistance, (فِى اعْتِرَاضٍ,) at the thing; like شَفَنْتُ: (S, O: *) or الشَّنْفُ signifies the looking at a thing, (O,) or the looking at a thing like him who is opposing it, or resisting it, (كَالمُعْتَرِضِ عَلَيْهِ, K, TA,) and the raising of the eyes in looking at a thing, (TA,) like him who wonders at it, or like him who dislikes it, or hates it; (O, K, TA;) and so الشَّفْنُ, as Az says. (TA.) [See also 2.]

A2: شَنِفَ لَهُ, (S, O, K,) and بِهِ also, or, correctly, accord. to ISd, this verb is trans. in the sense here next following without any particle, (TA,) [but two exs. are cited in the O from trads. in which it is trans. by means of ل,] aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. شَنَفٌ, (S, O,) He hated him, (أَبْغَضَهُ,) and met him in a morose manner: (S, O, K: [in the K, the latter meaning is expressed by تَنَكَّرَهُ, for تَنَكَّرَ لَهُ: in the S and O, the former meaning is expressed as above, on the authority of ISk; and it is also said that الشَّنْفُ is syn. with البُغْضُ and التَّنَكُّرُ:] in the former of these two senses it is like شَئِفَهُ, with ء: (S, O:) or الشنف [i. e. الشَّنَفُ] is a subst. signifying vehemence of enmity. (Ham p. 108.) b2: And شَنِفَ لَهُ, (IAar, ISd, O, * K, TA,) and بِهِ, (ISd, TA,) i. q. فَطِنَ [i. e. He knew it; knew, had knowledge, or was cognizant, of it; or knew it instinctively; &c.]. (IAar, ISd, O, K, TA.) A3: And شَنِفَ, (K, TA, [in the former of which it is erroneously implied that the verb is followed by لَهُ,]) His upper lip turned upwards; (K, TA;) inf. n. شَنَفٌ; (TA;) or this is a subst., signifying a turning upwards of the upper lip: so says Az. (O.) 2 شَنَّفَهَا, inf. n. تَشْنِيفٌ, He adorned her (i. e. a woman, S, or a girl, or young woman, O, K) with the [ornament called] شَنْف; (S, O, K;) like as one says, قَرَّطَهَا; (S, TA;) as also ↓ أَشْنَفَهَا. (Zj, O, K.) b2: [Hence,] شَنَّفَ كَلَامَهُ وَقَرَّطَهُ (tropical:) [He adorned and embellished his language]. (TA.) A2: شنّف إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. as above, He looked at him, or it, from the outer corner of the eye. (Yaakoob, TA.) [See also 1.]4 أَشْنَفَ see the next preceding paragraph.5 تشنّفت She adorned herself with the [ornament called] شَنْف; (S, O, K;) like as one says, تقرّطت. (S.) شَنْفٌ (incorrectly pronounced with damm, IDrd, O, K, i. e. شُنْفٌ, O, TA) The upper قُرْط [i. e. ear-ring or ear-drop]: (S, O, K:) or a pendant (مِعْلَاقٌ) in [or suspended from] the قُوف [app. meaning the upper part, or perhaps, the helix, in the CK erroneously written فَوْق,] of the ear; (Lth, O, K;) and likewise such as is attached to necklaces: (Lth, O:) or such as is suspended from the upper part of the ear; what is suspended from the lower part [or lobe] thereof being termed قُرْطٌ; (IDrd, O, K;) or this latter is termed رُعْثَةٌ: (IAar, TA:) or, as some say, i. q. قُرْطٌ: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] شُنُوفٌ (IDrd, S, O, K) and [of pauc.] أَشْنَافٌ. (TA.) شَنِفٌ Hating, (S, O, K,) and meeting in a morose manner. (K.) IB cites, as an ex., وَلَنْ تُدَاوِى عِلَّةَ القَلْبِ الشَّنِفْ [And thou will not cure the hating heart]. (TA.) شَفَةٌ شَنْفَآءُ [A lip, meaning an upper lip] turning upwards: (O:) or شَاةٌ شَنْفَآءُ [A sheep or goat] having the upper lip turning upwards. (TA.) شَانِفٌ Turning away, or averse. (O, K.) One says, مَا لِى أَرَاكَ شَانِفًا عَنِّى What ails me that I see thee turning away, or averse, from me? (O.) b2: And إِنَّهُ لَشَانِفٌ عَنَّا بِأَنْفِهِ (tropical:) Verily he is raising his nose [in aversion] from us. (O, * K.) مَشْنُوفَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A she-camel having a زِمَام [or noserein] attached to her. (AA, O, K.)

شجن

1 شَجِنَ, (S, L, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَجُنَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. [of the former] شَجَنٌ [in some copies of the K شَجْنٌ] and [of the latter, or of both,] شَجُونٌ; (L, K;) He grieved, mourned, or lamented; or was sorrowful, sad, or unhappy; (S, L, K;) and was anxious: and ↓ تشجّن signifies the same: (L:) or this last signifies, (K,) or, as Lth says, it seems to signify, (L,) he remembered; syn. تَذَكَّرَ. (L, K.) And شجنت الحَمَامَةُ, [app. both شَجِنَت and شَجُنَت,] inf. n. شُجُونٌ, The pigeon cooed in a wailing and plaintive manner. (L.) [See also شَجَنٌ below.]

A2: شَجَنَهُ, (S, L, K,) [aor. ـُ accord. to the usual rule of the K,] inf. n. شَجْنٌ and شُجُونٌ, (L, K,) signifies the same as ↓ اشجنهُ, (S, L, K,) i. e. He, (another person, S,) or it, (an affair, or an event, or a case, L, K,) caused him to grieve or mourn or lament, or to be sorrowful or sad or unhappy. (S, L, K.) A3: شَجَنَتْنِى الحَاجَةُ, (S, L,) and شَجَنَتْهُ, (L, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَجْنٌ, (S, L,) Want, or the want, detained, or withheld, (S, L, K,) me, (S, L,) or him. (L, K.) And مَا شَجَنَكَ عَنَّا What detained, or withheld, thee from us? (L.) 4 اشجنهُ: see the preceding paragraph.

A2: اشجن الكَرْمُ The grape-vine had a branchlet of a bunch of which all the grapes came to maturity. (L, K. [See شِجْنَةٌ.]) 5 تَشَجَّنَ see 1, first sentence.

A2: تشجّن الشَّجَرُ The trees were, or became, tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense. (L, K.) شَجْنٌ (S, L, K [in the CK شَجَنٌ, but expressly said in the S to be بِالتَّسْكِينِ]) A road of a valley; (S, L;) or a road in a valley: or in the upper, or uppermost, part thereof: as also ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ: (K:) pl. of the former شُجُونٌ: (S, L, K:) and of ↓ شَوَاجِنُ: (K:) or ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ signifies a valley in which are many trees; (S, L;) or a place in which are شُجُون, which means tangled trees; (Ham pp. 761-2;) and شَوَاجِنُ is its pl.: (S, L, and Ham p. 762:) or ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ signifies a sort of valley producing good herbage: or, as some say, شَوَاجِنُ signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of a valley; and its sing. is ↓ شَجَنٌ [thus written in the L in this instance], as ISd mentions on the authority of A'Obeyd, but adding that, as such, it is irregular, and that it is more properly to be regarded as pl. of ↓ شَاجِنَةٌ. (L.) b2: [Hence,] one says, الحَدِيثُ ذُو شُجُونٍ, (S, Meyd, L, K,) شُجُون being pl. of شَجْنٌ, with the ج quiescent; (Meyd;) a prov., (Meyd, L,) meaning (assumed tropical:) The story is involved, or intricate; (S, Meyd, L;) or has several ways [in which it may be understood]; (Meyd;) or has several modes, or manners; and objects of aim: (L, K:) applied to a story by which one calls to mind another: (A'Obeyd, Meyd, L:) the first who said it was Dabbeh Ibn-Udd Ibn-Tábikhah: he had two sons, named Saad and So'eyd: and some camels belonging to him ran away by night, so he sent his two sons to seek them; and they separated; and Saad found them and restored them; but So'eyd went on seeking them; and El-Hárith Ibn-Kaab met him; and there were upon the young man two [garments such as are called] burds (بُرْدَانِ), which El-Hárith asked him to give to him, but he refused to comply with his desire; whereupon he slew him, and took his two burds: and Dabbeh, when he saw a dark object in the night, used to say, أَسَعْدٌ أَمْ سُعَيْدٌ [“ Is it Saad or So'eyd? ” (see سَعْدٌ)]; and this saying of his became current as a prov.: some time after this, having gone on pilgrimage, he met El-Hárith Ibn-Kaab at 'Okádh, and saw upon him the two burds of his son So'eyd, and asked him respecting them; and he answered that he had met a young man wearing them, and slain him, and taken them: Dabbeh said, “With this thy sword? ” and he answered, “Yes: ” and he said, “ Give it me that I may look at it, for I think it to be sharp: ” and El-Hárith gave it him: and he took it, and shook it, and said, إِنَّ الحَدِيثَ ذُو شُجُونٍ; and slew him with it: whereupon it was said to him, “O Dabbeh, in the sacred month? ” and he said, سَبَقَ السَّيْفُ العَذْلَ [“ The sword preceded the censure ”): these three provs. he originated. (Meyd.) شُجْنٌ and شِجْنٌ: see the next paragraph.

شَجَنٌ Grief, mourning, lamentation, sorrow, sadness, or unhappiness; (S, L, K;) and anxiety: (L, K:) pl. أَشْجَانٌ (S, L, K) and شُجُونٌ; (L, K; [in the latter of which these pls. are mentioned after all the explanations of the sing.;]) the former a pl. of pauc., and the latter of mult. (Ham p. 404.) [See a verse cited voce عَرَضٌ, in which it means A cause of anxiety.] b2: And The soul's love, or its inclination, or its blamable inclination: (L:) [or] love that is followed by anxiety and grief. (Kull p. 165.) b3: And A want, (S, L, Msb, K,) as also ↓ شَجِينٌ, (L,) wherever it be: (S, L, K:) pl. شُجُونٌ (S, L, Msb, K) and أَشْجَانٌ; (L, Msb, K;) the latter being pl. of شَجِينٌ also. (L.) A rájiz says, لِى شَجَنَانِ شَجَنٌ بِنَجْدِ وَشَجَنٌ لِى بِبِلَادِ السِّنْدِ [I have two wants; a want in Nejd, and I have a want in the country of Es-Sind]. (S.) A2: Also An intricately-intermingling branch of a tree; (L, K;) and a شُعْبَة [i. e. branch, or branchlet, or the like,] of anything; (K;) like ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ and ↓ شَجْنَةٌ (L, K) in the former sense: (L: [accord. to the K, app., in the latter sense:]) or, accord. to IAar, one says ↓ شُجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنٌ meaning a branch of a tree, [or the latter app. means branches, for it seems to be a coll. gen. n.,] and ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شِجْنٌ, and [the pl. of ↓ شُجْنَةٌ is] شُجْنَاتٌ and شُجُنَاتٌ: (L:) or, accord. to J, (L,) ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ signify roots of trees intricately intermingling: (S, L:) [but] the primary signification of ↓ شِجْنَةٌ and ↓ شُجْنَةٌ is a branchlet (a شُعْبَة of a غُصْن) of a tree: (L:) or ↓ شِجْنَةٌ signifies tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees. (Msb.) b2: See also شِجْنَةٌ. b3: And see شَجْنٌ. b4: Also, (K,) or شجنة, (L, [thus written without any syll. signs, perhaps fem. of شَجَنٌ, i. e. شَجَنَةٌ, but it seems to be indicated by the context in the L that it is ↓ شُجْنَةٌ,]) A she-camel compact in make, of which the several parts are interknit, one with another, (L, K, *) like the parts of a tree. (L.) شَجْنَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شُجْنَةٌ: see شَجَنٌ, in six places: and شِجْنَةٌ.

A2: Also, as some say, Leanness; or slenderness, and leanness; or leanness, and lankness in the belly. (L.) شِجْنَةٌ: see شَجَنٌ, in five places. b2: Also, i. e. with kesr, (K,) or ↓ شَجَنٌ and ↓ شَجَنَةٌ, (L,) A branchlet of a bunch of a grape-vine of which all the grapes come to maturity. (L, K.) b3: شِجْنَةٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Relationship closely, or intimately, connected. (L.) One says, بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ شِجْنَةُ رَحِمٍ, and رَحِمٍ ↓ شُجْنَةُ, (assumed tropical:) Between me and him is a relationship closely, or intimately, connected. (S.) And it is said in a trad., الرَّحِمُ شِجْنَةٌ مِنَ اللّٰهِ i. e. (tropical:) الرَّحِمُ is derived from الرَّحْمٰن: (S, L: [see رَحِمٌ:]) or, accord. to AO, (L,) the meaning is, [الرَّحِم is] relationship, from God, closely, or intimately, connected, like the roots of trees. (S, L.) b4: Also A crack, or cleft, in a mountain. (Lh, L, K.) شَجَنَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَجُونُ ↓ شَاجِنَتِى is a saying of the Arabs like their saying عَابِلَتِى عَبُولُ [i. e., app., My withholder is death, or shall be death alone; for شَجَنَتْهُ شَجُونُ may be rendered Death withheld him, like as عَبَلَتْهُ عَبُولُ is rendered “ death separated him ”]. (L.) شَجِينٌ: see شَجَنٌ.

شَاجِنٌ Grieving, mourning, or lamenting; or sorrowful, sad, or unhappy; (S, L;) and anxious. (L.) A2: See also an ex. of its fem., with ة, voce شَجُونُ.

شَاجِنَةٌ [as a subst.]; pl. شَوَاجِنُ: see شَجْنٌ, in five places.

ذكو

1 ذَكَتِ النَّارُ, (S, K, &c.,) aor. ـْ (S,) inf. n. ذَكًا (S, Mgh, K, &c.) and ذَكَآءٌ accord. to Z (K) and ذُكُوٌّ, (M, K, TA,) like عُلُوٌّ; (TA; [accord. to the CK ذَكْوٌ; and so accord. to the MA, as well as ذُكُوٌّ and ذَكًا;]) and ↓ استذكت; (K;) The fire blazed, or flamed; burned up; or burned brightly or fiercely: (S:) or blazed, or flamed, vehemently, or intensely: (K:) or blazed, flamed, or burned up, completely; agreeably with the primary signification of the root, which is “ completeness. ” (Mgh.) b2: ذَكَا المِسْكُ The mush gave forth odour, or fragrance; (MA;) [or a strong, or pungent, odour; for] the primary signification of ذَكًا in relation to odour is the being strong, [or pungent,] in sweetness or in fetidness. (TA.) b3: ذَكِىَ, aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K) and ذَكَا, (Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (K,) or ـْ (Msb;) and ذَكُوَ, (MA, K,) aor. ـْ (K;) all three mentioned by ISd; (TA;) inf. n. ذَكَآء; (S, MA, K, * TA; [in my copy of the Msb, the inf. n. of the first is said to be ذَكًى; but this is app. a mistranscription; or the author perhaps held ذَكًى, more properly written ذَكًا, to be the inf. n.; for he says that ذَكِىَ is of the class of تَعِبَ, of which the inf. n. is تَعَبٌ, and afterwards mentions ذَكَآءُ as though he held this to be a simple subst.;]) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He was, or became, sharp, or acute, in mind, (S, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or quick of understanding, (Msb, K,) or intelligence, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quick of perception, and sharp, or acute, in understanding: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quick in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذَكَآءُ, below.]) [Also, app., said of a camel, and the like, meaning He was, or became, sharp in spirit. See ذَكِىٌّ.]

A2: [ذَكَا seems to have been also used by some as meaning He (a beast) was, or became, legalty slaughtered; and consequently, legally clean: or to have been supposed to have this signification. b2: And hence,] أَيُّمَا أَرْضٍ جَفَّتْ فَقَدْ ذَكَتْ means (assumed tropical:) Whatever ground has become dry, it has become clean, or pure: but [Mtr, after mentioning this, adds,] I have not found it in the lexicons. (Mgh. [See also ذَكَاةٌ, below.]) 2 ذكّى النَّارَ, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَذْكِيَةٌ, (S, TA,) He made the fire to blaze or flame, to burn up, or to burn brightly or fiercely; (T, S, K;) as also ↓ اذكاها: (S, K:) or he supplied the fire fully with fuel: (Msb, TA:) and السِّرَاجَ ↓ اذكى He lighted the lamp. (Har p. 53.) b2: [ذكّى العَقْلَ, and ذكّى alone, said of a medicine &c., It sharpened the intellect.]

A2: ذكّى, (Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He slaughtered (S, Mgh, Msb, K) an animal, (Mgh,) or a camel and the like, (Msb,) in the manner [prescribed by the law,] termed ذَبْحٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) i. e., (Mgh, K,) in the manner termed ذَكَاةٌ [q. v. infrà]. (Mgh, Msb, K.) The proper signification of التَّذْكِيَةُ is The causing the natural heat to pass forth: but it is peculiarly applied in the law to signify the destroying of life in a particular manner, exclusive of any other manner. (Er-Rághib, TA.) إِلَّا مَا ذَكَّيْتُمْ, in the Kur [v. 4], means Except that whereof ye shall attain to the ذَكَاة [or slaughter in the manner prescribed by the law] (Bd, Msb, TA) said of a man, (S,) He became old, or advanced in age, (S, K,) and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K:) [or he attained to full growth or age: said of a man, and of a horse and the like:] see ذَكَآءٌ, last sentence. [See also مُذَكٍّ, below.]) 4 أَذْكَوَ see 2, in two places. b2: [Hence,] أَذْكَيْتُ الحَرْبَ (assumed tropical:) I kindled war. (TA.) b3: أَذْكَيْتُ عَلَيْهِ العُيُونَ I sent against him the scouts. (S.) 10 إِسْتَذْكَوَ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence, app.,] استذكى الفَحْلُ عَلَى الأُنْثَى (assumed tropical:) The stallion pressed vehemently upon the female. (TA.) ذَكًا an inf. n. of 1; The blazing, or flaming, &c., of fire. (S, K, &c. [See 1, first sentence.]) b2: See also ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: And see ذَكَاةٌ.

ذَكٍ a possessive epithet: (ISd, TA:) you say نَارٌ ذَكِيَةٌ, (K, TA,) without teshdeed, (TA, [in the CK ذَكِيَّةٌ,]) A fire blazing, or flaming, &c. (K, TA.) ذَكَاةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ.

A2: [Also] a subst. (Mgh, Msb, TA) syn. with تَذْكِيَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K, TA) as signifying ذَبْحٌ [i. e. The slaughter of an animal for food in the manner prescribed by the law]; (Mgh, K, TA;) as also ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA, [in the CK ذَكاء,) which is likewise said to be a simple subst.: (TA: [in the TK, ذَكًا and ذَكَاةٌ are both said to be inf. ns., of which the verb is ذَكَا, signifying ذَبَحَ; but this I do not find in any lexicon of authority:]) it is satisfactorily performed by the severing of the windpipe and gullet, as is related on the authority of Ahmad [Ibn-Hambal], or, as is also related on his authority, by severing them an also the وَدَجَانِ, [or two external jugular veins], less than which is not lawful; or, accord to A boo-Haneefeh, the severing of the windpipe and gullet and one of the ودجان; or, accord. to Málik, the severing of the أَوَدَاج [or external jugular veins] though it be without the severing of the windpipe. (Msb.) The saying ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ is for ذَكَاةُ الجَنِينِ هِىَ ذَكَاةُ أُمِّهِ [The legal slaughter of the fœtus, or young in the belly, it is the legal slaughter of its mother]: (Msb, TA:) or it is an instance of the transposition of the inchoative and enunciative, (Mgh, Msb,) its implied meaning being ذَكَاةُ أُمِّ الجَنِينِ ذَكَاةٌ لَهُ [The legal slaughter of the mother of the fœtus, or young in the belly, is a legal slaughter of it also; so that the latter, like the former, may be lawfully eaten]; (Msb;) i. e., when she is legally slaughtered, it is legally slaughtered: (TA:) the use of the accus. case (Mgh, TA) in the like thereof, (Mgh,) [or] in the phrase ذكاة امّه, [i. e., the saying ذَكَاةَ أُمِّهِ,] is a mistake. (Mgh, TA.) b2: Hence the saying of Mohammad Ibn-El-Hanafeeyeh, ذَكَاةُ الأَرْضِ يُبْسُهُا (assumed tropical:) [The cleanness, or purity, of the ground is its becoming dry]; i. e., when it becomes dry from the moisture of uncleanness, it becomes clean, like as a beast becomes clean by means of legal slaughter. (Mgh. [See also 1, last sentence.]) ذُكْوَةٌ, (T, TA, &c.,) with damm, not ذَكْوَةٌ as the text of the K indicates it to be (TA) [and as it is written in the copies thereof], and ذُكْيَةٌ, (S, TA,) also with damm, (TA,) [in the copies of the K ذَكْيَة,] What is thrown upon the fire, (T, S, K, *) of firewood, or of camel's or similar dung, (T,) to make it blaze, or flame, or burn up, or burn brightly or fiercely. (S, K.) b2: Also the former, A blazing, or flaming, coal of fire; and so ↓ ذَكًا, (K, TA,) with the short ا, on the authority of IDrd; [in the CK ذَكَاء;] or, as in the M, ↓ ذَكَاةٌ. (TA.) ذَكْوَانٌ A kind of trees: n. un. with ة: (IAar, TA:) the pl. of the latter is ذَكَاوِينُ, and signifies small [trees of the kind called] سَرْح [q. v.]. (M, K, TA. [In the CK, السَّرْج is erroneously put for السَّرْح.]) ذَكَآءُ Sharpness, or acuteness, of mind, (S, Msb, TA,) with quickness of perception, and of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (TA:) or completeness of intelligence, with quickness of apprehension: (Msb:) or quickness of intelligence, understanding, sagacity, skill, or knowledge: (K:) or quickness of perception, and sharpness, or acuteness, of understanding: thus applied, it is like the phrase فُلَانٌ شُعْلَةُ نَارٍ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or quickness in drawing conclusions. (TA. [See ذِهْنٌ: and see also 1.]) [It app. signifies also Sharpness of spirit; as a quality of a camel and the like. See ذَكِىٌّ.] b2: Also Age: (S, K:) or full, or complete, age: so says Mbr in the “ Kámil: ” (TA:) contr. of فَتَآءٌ: (Ham p. 217:) accord. to Az, its primary signification, universally, is a state of completeness: and الذَّكَآءُ فِى السِّنّ meanscompleteness of age: accord. to Kh, it means the age of completeness of strength, [app. in a horse, or any solid-hoofed animal, for he says that it is] when a year has passed after the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething]: (TA:) or ذَكَآءُ السِّنِّ means the utmost term of youthfulness; from the primary signification of the root, which is “ a state of completeness. ” (Mgh.) Hence the saying of El-Hajjáj, فُرِرْتُ عَنْ ذَكَآءٍ [I have been examined as to age; app. meaning (assumed tropical:) my abilities have been tested and proved]: and بَلَغَتِ الدَّابَّةُ الذَّكَآءَ The beast attained to [fulness of] age (S, TA.) [Hence, also,] one says, فَتَآ فُلَانٍ

كَذَكَآءِ فُلَانٍ and فُلَانٍ ↓ كَتَذْكِيَةِ [The youthfulness of such a one is like the fulness of age of such a one], i. e., the prudence, or discretion, of such a one notwithstanding his deficiency of age is like the prudence, or discretion, of such a one with his fulness of age. (Ham p. 217.) ذُكَآءُ, imperfectly decl., The sun: (S, K:) determinate, and not admitting the article ال: you say, هٰذِهِ ذُكَآءُ طَالِعَةٌ [This is the sun rising]: (S:) derived from ذَكَتِ النَّارُ. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) اِبْنُ ذُكَآءَ The dawn, or daybreak: (S, K:) because it is from the light of the sun. (S.) Homeyd says, [or, accord. to some, Besheer Ibn-En-Nikth, as in one of my copies of the S, in art. كفر,] فَوَرَدَتْ قَبْلَ انْبِلَاجِ الفَجْرِ وَابْنُ ذُكَآءَ كَامِنٌ فِى الكَفْرِ [And she, or they, came to the water before the bright shining of the daybreak, while the dawn lay kid in the darkness of night]. (S.) ذَكِىٌّ, applied to musk, and so ذَكِيَّةٌ, (K, TA,) for مِسْكٌ, as is said by IAmb, is both masc. and fem., and so is عَنْبَرٌ, (TA,) and ↓ ذَاكٍ, Diffusing odour: (K:) or having a strong [or pungent] odour. (TA. [See 1, second sentence.]) Yousay also رَائِحَةٌ ذَكِيَّةٌ A sharp [or pungent, or a strong,] odour [whether sweet or fetid]; syn. حَادَّةٌ. (K in art. حد.) b2: Applied to a man, Having the attribute, or quality, termed ذَكَآء, (S, Msb, K,) as meaning sharpness, or acuteness, (S, Msb,) or quickness, (K,) of mind, (S, Msb,) or of intel-ligence, &c.: (K, TA, &c.:) pl. أَذْكِيَآءُ. (Msb, TA.) It is also, sometimes, applied to a camel [or the like, as meaning Sharp in spirit: see فُؤَادٌ]. (TA.) A2: Also i. q. ذَبِيحٌ [meaning Slaughtered in the manner prescribed by the law, termed ذَبْحٌ and ذَكَاةٌ]: (K:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ: (Msb:) and [therefore] you say شَاةٌ ذَكِىٌّ, meaning [a sheep, or goat, slaughtered in the manner above mentioned; and also,] to whose ذَكَاة [or slaughter in that manner] one has attained [while life yet remained therein: see 2]: (Mgh, Msb:) ذَكِيَّةٌ [as its fem.] is extr. [like ذَبِيحَةٌ]. (TA.) b2: Hence, جِلْدٌ ذَكِىٌّ (tropical:) A skin stripped from an animal that has been slaughtered in the manner mentioned above. (Mgh.) ذَاكٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُذْكٍ; and the fem., مُذْكِيَةٌ: see the following paragraph, in three places.

مُذَكٍّ, applied to a man, (TA,) Old, or advanced in age, and big-bodied, or corpulent: (K, TA:) [or full-grown, or of full age: see ذَكَآءٌ:] or an old man, but only such as is much experienced and disciplined: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and accord. to ISd, anything [i. e. any animal] old, or advanced in age: by some especially applied to a solid-hoofed animal; and said to mean one that has passed the قُرُوح [or finishing of teething] by a year: (TA:) or مَذَاكٍ, (S, K, TA,) which is its pl., (S, TA,) [(like as مُذَكِّيَاتٌ is pl. of the fem.,) and also pl. of its syn. ↓ مُذْكٍ,] signifies, applied to horses, (S, K, TA,) of generous race, advanced in age, (TA,) that have passed a year, or two years, after their قُرُوح: (S, K, TA:) the sing. is like مُخْلِفٌ applied to a camel: (S, TA:) or مُذَكٍّ signifies a horse of full age and of complete strength; as also ↓ مُذْكٍ: (Ham p. 217:) or a horse whose run becomes spent (يَذْهِبُ), and [then, but not before he has exhausted his power,] stops. (TA.) It is said in a prov., جَرْىُ المُذَكِّيَاتُ غِلَابٌ [The running of the horses that have attained to their full age and strength is a contending for superiority]: (Meyd, and so in some copies of the S:) it may mean that the horse in this case contends for superiority with him that runs with him; or that his second run is always more than his first, and his third than his second: (Meyd:) or, as some relate it, غِلَآءٌ; (Meyd, and so in other copies of the S in this art., and in the S and K in art غلو;) meaning that the running of such horses is several bowshots: (Meyd, and S and K in art. غلو:) it is applied to him who is described as entering into contests for excellence with his compeers. (Meyd.) b2: [Hence,] ↓ سَحَابَةٌ مُذْكِيَةٌ, (K,) or, as in the Tekmileh, مُذَكِّيَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud that has rained time after time. (K, TA.) Quasi ذكى ذُكْيَةٌ: see ذُكْوَةٌ, in art. ذكو.

ذَكِىٌّ: see art. ذكو