ظهر

1 ظَهَرَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) [It was, or became, outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence,] it appeared; became apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) after having been concealed, or latent: (Msb, TA:) and ↓ تظاهر signifies the same. (Har p. 85.) Hence the phrase ظَهَرَ لِى رَأْىٌ (assumed tropical:) [An idea, or opinion, occurred to me], said when one knows what he did not know before. (Msb.) [And هٰذَا مَا يَظْهَرُ لِى (assumed tropical:) This is what appears to me to be the case, or to be the right way or course; or this is my opinion.] ظَهَرَ الحَمْلُ, inf. n. as above, means Pregnancy became apparent, or manifest: it is said that this is not the case in less than three months. (Msb.) and it is said in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, كَانَ يُصَلِّى العَصْرَ فِى حُجْرَتِى قَبْلَ أَنْ تَظْهَرَ i. e. [He used to perform the prayer of the afternoon in my chamber] before it (meaning the sun) became high and apparent: (TA:) or وَالشَّمْسُ فِى حُجْرَتِى لَمْ تَظْهَرْ بَعْدُ i. e. [when the sun was in my chamber,] it not having risen high so as to be on the flat roof [thereof]: referring to the Prophet. (O. [But العَصْرَ must be a mistranscription for الفَجْرَ, i. e. the prayer of the dawn.]) The saying in the Kur [xxiv. 31], وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا [which is app. best rendered And that they discover not their ornature except what is external thereof] has been expl. in seven different ways, most correctly as meaning the clothes: (O, TA:) accord. to 'Áïsheh, it means the bracelet (القُلْب) and the ring (الفَتَخَة): and accord. to I'Ab, the hand and the signet-ring and the face. (TA.) b2: Also He went forth, or out, (Mgh, TA,) to the outside of a place. (O, TA.) b3: And He (a bird) migrated, or went down, from one country or region to another: used in this sense by AHn in relation to the vulture, migrating to Nejd. (L.) b4: ظَهَرَ عَنْهُ, said of a vice, or fault, (O, TA,) or a disgrace, (JK, A, O,) (tropical:) It did not cleave to him; (A, O, TA;) it was remote from him; (TA;) it quitted him, or departed from him. (JK.) b5: ظَهَرْتُ بِهِ, (O, TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) I gloried, or boasted, by reason of it. (O, K * TA.) [Respecting a meaning assigned to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ in the K, see 4.] b6: أَكَلَ الرَّجُلُ أُكْلَةً

ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا ظَهْرَةً means (assumed tropical:) [The man ate some food] in consequence of which] he became fat. (TA.) A2: ظَهَرَهُ He mounted it; went, or got, upon it, or upon the top of it; (S, A, * Mgh, O, Msb, K;) as also ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ; (O;) namely, a house, (S,) or a house-top, (A, Mgh, O,) and a mountain, (A,) and a wall; (O, Msb;) properly, he became upon its back: (Mgh:) and [in like manner] one says, فُلَانٌ نَجْدًا ↓ ظَهَّرَ, inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ, Such a one mounted, or went up, upon the high region (ظَهْر) of Nejd. (O.) b2: Hence, (Mgh, Msb,) ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and بِهِ, (K,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ (Bd in xxiv. 31) and ظَهْرٌ also, (Ham p. 301,) He overcame, conquered, subdued, overpowered, or mastered, him; gained the mastery or victory, or prevailed, over him; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) namely, his enemy; (Msb;) and in like manner, [he conquered, won, achieved, or attained, it, i. e.] a thing. (O, TA.) [The saying فُلَانٌ لَا يَظْهَرُ عَلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ is expl. in the L and TA by the words اى لا يَسْلَم, and said to be tropical: but Ibr D thinks that the correct reading is لا يُسَلِّمُ, from التَّسْلِيمُ; and that it is said of one who will not give up, or resign, what is in his hand; so that the meaning is, (tropical:) Such a one is a person whom no one will overcome in respect of that which he holds in his possession.] b3: And [hence also] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. ظُهُورٌ, (TA,) He knew, became acquainted with, or got knowledge of, him, or it. (Msb, TA.) So in the Kur xxiv. 31, وَالطِّفْلُ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَآءِ [And the young children] who have not attained knowledge of the عورات, (Bd, Jel,) meaning [pudenda, or] parts between the navel and the knee, (Jel,) of women, by reason of their want of discrimination: (Bd:) or (tropical:) who have not attained to the generative faculty; (O, Bd, * TA;) from الظُّهُورُ in the sense of الغَلَبَةُ. (Bd.) So too in the Kur [xviii. 19], إِنْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَيْكُمْ If they get knowledge of you. (O, TA.) b4: And [hence] ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, (Fr, A, O, TA,) and ↓ استظهرهُ, (S, A, O, K,) (tropical:) He knew it, or learned it, by heart; namely, the Kur-án; (A, O, TA;) and he recited it by heart: (A, * TA; and so in the S and O in explanation of the latter:) or [simply] he recited it by heart; namely, the Kur-án; as also ↓ اظهرهُ: (O, K, TA:) in the copies of the K we find أَظْهَرْتُ عَلَى القُرْآنِ and أَظْهَرْتُهُ; but the former is a mistake for ظَهَرْتُ, aor. ـَ (TA.) A3: For another signification of ظَهَرَ عَلَيْهِ, see 3.

A4: ظَهَرَ بِحَاجَتِى, (S, A, K,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. ظَهْرٌ; (TK;) and ↓ ظهّرها, (K, TA,) in some copies of the K ظَهَرَهَا; (TA;) and ↓ اظهرها, (K,) inf. n. إِظْهَارٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اِظَّهَرَهَا, (K,) of the measure اِفْتَعَلَ; (TA;) (tropical:) He held the object of my want in little, or light, estimation, or in contempt; (S, A;) [lit.] he put it behind [his] back; (S, K;) as though he put it away, [out of his sight,] and paid no regard to it. (S, TA.) One says also, يَظْهَرُونَ بِهِمْ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتُونَ

إِلَى أَرْحَامِهِمْ [They hold them in contempt, and do not pay any regard to their ties of relationship]. (S.) b2: See also 10, in three places.

A5: ظَهَرَهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. ظَهْرٌ, (K,) He struck, or smote, (TA,) or hit, or hurt, (O, K,) his back. (O, K, TA.) A6: ظَهِرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. ظَهَرٌ, (O, K,) He (a man, S, O) had a complaint of his back. (S, O, K.) A7: ظَهُرَ, (JK, O, L,) or ظَهَرَ, (K, [but this is app. a mistranscription,]) inf. n. ظَهَارَةٌ, (S, O, L, K,) said of a camel, (JK, S, O,) He was, or became, strong (JK, S, O, L, K) in the back. (L, K.) 2 ظَهَّرَ see 1, near the middle: b2: and again, in the last quarter: b3: and see also 3. b4: ظهّر الثَّوْبَ [and ↓ اظهرهُ, contr. of بطّنهُ and ابطنهُ,] He faced the garment, or piece of cloth; put a facing, or an outer covering, (ظِهَارَة,) to it. (TA.) A2: See also 4, last sentence.3 ظاهرهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُظَاهَرَةٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He aided, or assisted, him; (S, A, O, Msb;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ. (Th, K.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ He aided, or assisted, against him. (TA.) b2: ظاهر بِهِ: see 10. b3: ظاهر بَيْنَهُمَا, (K,) i. e. (TA) بَيْنَ ثَوْبَيْنِ, (S, A, Mgh, TA,) and دِرْعَيْنِ, (A, Mgh, TA,) and نَعْلَيْنِ, (TA,) i. q. طَارَقَ بَيْنَهُمَا, (S, TA,) or طَابَقَ, (A, K, TA,) i. e. (TA) He put them on, or attired himself with them, [namely, two garments, and two coats of mail, and two sandals or soles, or rather, when relating to two soles, he sewed them together,] one over, or outside, the other: (Mgh, TA:) app. from تَظَاهُرٌ in the sense of “ mutual aiding or assisting. ” (IAth.) The phrase ظاهر بِدِرْعَيْنِ requires consideration; and the ب in it should be regarded as meant to denote conjunction; not as a part of the necessary complement of the verb. (Mgh.) ظاهر الدِّرْعَ is said to signify لَأَمَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ [app. meaning He folded over and fastened one part of the coat of mail upon another]. (TA.) And ظاهر عَلَيْهِ جِلَالًا means He threw upon him (i. e. a horse) housings or coverings [one over another]. (TA in art. حنذ.) A2: ظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. ظِهَارٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and مُظَاهَرَةٌ; (JK, TA;) and مِنْهَا ↓ تظاهر, (A, Mgh, O, TA,) and ↓ اِظَّاهَرَ; (Mgh;) and منها ↓ تظهّر, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ اِظَّهَّرَ; (O, TA;) and منها ↓ ظهّر, (S, O, K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ; (S;) signify the same; (O;) He said to his wife أَنْتِ عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّى

[Thou art to me like the back of my mother]; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) [as though he said رُكُوبُكِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ;] meaning رُكُوبُكِ لِلنِّكَاحِ حَرَامٌ عَلَىَّ كَرُكُوبِ أُمِّى لِلنِّكَاحِ; the back being specified in preference to the بَطْن or فَخِذ or فَرْج because the woman is likened to a beast that is ridden, and the act of نِكَاح to that of رُكُوب: the phrase being a form of divorce used by the Arabs in the Time of Ignorance. (Msb, * TA.) In the Kur lviii. 2 [and 4], some read ↓ يَظَّهَّرُونَ; some

↓ يَظَّاهَرُونَ; and 'Ásim read يُظَاهِرُونَ. (Bd.) The verb is made trans. by means of مِن because the man who uttered this sentence estranged himself from his wife. (IAth.) 4 اظهرهُ He made it apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, plain, or evident; he showed, exhibited, manifested, displayed, discovered, revealed, or evinced, it; or put it forth: (S, O, K:) [it is also used in relation to a saying, and an action, and the like, as meaning it showed, &c., as above, or it bespoke, it:] and Mtr relates his having heard from one worthy of reliance of the people of Baghdád, that they say ↓ تظاهرتُ بِهِ in the place of أَظْهَرْتُهُ, and scarcely ever employ اظهر in its usual sense. (Har p. 85.) [Hence, اظهر التَّضْعِيفَ He made the doubling of a letter distinct; as in لَحِحَتْ; which, accord. to a general rule, should be لَحَّتْ: opposed to أَدْغَمَ. And اظهر لَهُ كَذَا He showed, &c., to him such a thing: and he made a show of, professed, pretended, or feigned, to him such a thing: as, for instance, love.] b2: أَظْهَرْتُ بِفُلَانٍ means أَعْلَيْتُ بِهِ [a phrase which I have not found except in this instance, app. I elevated, or exalted, such a one: like أَعْلَيْتُهُ, which has this meaning]: (S, IKtt, L, TA:) or أَعْلَنْتُ بِهِ [app. meaning I made such a one to be, or become, publicly known]: (So in the O:) [but the former explanation seems to be regarded by SM as the right; for he remarks that,] accord. to all the copies of the K, the explanation is أَعْلَنَ بِهِ, and refers to ظَهَرَ بِفُلَانٍ

[instead of أَظْهَرَ]; so that what its author says in this case differs in two points of view from what is found in the “ Kitáb el-Abniyeh ” of IKtt, in which the ى in أَعْلَيْتُ has been marked as correct, and in the L [as well as in the S]. (TA.) A2: اظهرهُ اللّٰهُ عَلَى عَدُوِّهِ means God made him to overcome, conquer, subdue, overpower, master, gain the victory over, or prevail over, his enemy. (S, A, O, TA.) b2: And [hence] اظهرهُ عَلَيْهِ He (God) made him to know it, or become acquainted with it: you say, أَظْهَرَنِى اللّٰهُ عَلَى مَا سُرِقَ مِنِّى God made me to know [or discover] what had been stolen from me. (TA.) A3: See also 1, last quarter, in two places.

A4: And see 2.

A5: اظهر signifies also He entered upon the time called the ظَهِيرَة: (A, Msb, K:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (Msb.) And He went, or journeyed, in the time called the ظَهِيرَة; as also ↓ ظهّر, (K,) inf. n. تَظْهِيرٌ: (TA:) or the time called the ظُهْر. (S, O.) 5 تظهّر and اِظَّهَّرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.6 تَظَاْهَرَ see 1, first sentence: b2: and see also 4, first sentence. b3: تظاهروا They aided, or assisted, one another. (S, O, * K.) And تظاهروا عَلَى فُلَانٍ

They leagued together, and aided one another, against such a one. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. ضفر.) b4: Also They regarded, or treated, one another with enmity, or hostility; or severed themselves, one from another: (S, Msb, K:) as though they turned their backs, one upon another: (S:) or, because they who do so turn their backs, one upon another. (Msb.) Thus the verb has two contr. meanings. (K.) b5: تظاهر مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ and اِظَّاهَرَ: see 3, latter half, in three places.8 اِظَّهَرَ: see 1, last quarter.10 استظهر بِهِ He sought aid, or assistance, in, or by means of, him, or it, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) عَلَيْهِ [against him, or it]; as also استظهرهُ. (TA.) [In the CK, after the explanation of استظهر به, is an omission, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ.] One says, استظهر بِالْغِنَى عَلَى النَّوَائِبِ [He sought aid in wealth against calamities, or afflictions]. (Msb.) And بِهِ ↓ ظاهر signifies the same as استظهر [in this sense or in another of the senses expl. in what follows]. (TA.) b2: and استظهرتُ بِالشَّىْءِ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرْتُ, and ↓ ظَهَرْتُهُ, I put the thing behind my back for protection, or security. (Har p. 265.) b3: And استظهر He prepared for himself a camel, or two camels, or more, for future need: (T:) and استظهرهُ, and بِهِ ↓ ظَهَرَ, He prepared him, namely, a camel, for future need: (K:) and استظهر بِبَعِيرَيْنِ ظِهْرِيَّيْنِ He prepared for himself two camels for future need. (T. [See ظِهْرِىٌّ.]) b4: Hence, (T,) استظهر signifies also He used precaution (T, Msb) with respect to anything: (T:) he secured himself, (اِسْتَوْثَقَ,) by using precaution; as, for instance, a woman does by remaining three days, before she performs the ablution termed غُسْل, and prays, after the usual period of the menses. (T, L.) One says, يُسْتَحَبُّ الاِسْتِظْهَارُ بِغَسْلَةٍ ثَانِيَةٍ

وَثَالِثَةٍ The using precaution by a second and a third washing, to make sure of being pure, is approved. (Er-Ráfi'ee, Msb.) And استظهرتُ فِى طَلَبِ الشَّىْءِ I adopted the most fit, or proper, way, and used precaution, in seeking to attain the thing. (Msb.) b5: See also 1, in the middle of the latter half.

ظَهْرٌ The back; contr. of بَطْنٌ: (S, A, O, Msb, K:) in a man, from the hinder part of the كَاهِل [or base of the neck] to the nearest part of the buttocks, where it terminates: (TA:) in a camel, the part containing six vertebræ on the right and left of which are [two portions of flesh and sinew called the] مَتْنَانِ: (AHeyth, T, O:) of the masc. gender: (Lh, A, K:) pl. [of pauc.] أَظْهُرٌ, and [of mult.] ظُهُورٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ. (Msb, K.) b2: رَجُلٌ خَفِيفُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) A man having a small household to maintain: and ثَقِيلُ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) having a large household to maintain. (K, * TA.) b3: أَنْت عَلَىَّ كَظَهْرِ

أُمِّى Thou art to me like the back of my mother: said by a man to his wife. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) [This has been expl. above: see 3.] b4: عَدَا فِى

ظَهْرِهِ (tropical:) He stole what was behind him: (A:) [or he acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind him: for] لِصٌّ عَادِى ظَهْرٍ is expl. by the words عَدَا فِى ظَهْرٍ فَسَرَقَهُ [so that it app. means (tropical:) A thief who has acted wrongfully in respect of what was behind one, and stolen it]. (O, K.) b5: أَقْرَانُ الظَّهْرِ (S, O, K) and الظُّهُورِ (O, TA) Adversaries who come to one from behind his back, in war, or fight. (S, O, K, * TA.) In the copies of the K, يُحِبُّونَكَ is erroneously put for يَجِيؤُونَكَ. (TA.) You say also, فُلَانٌ قِرْنُ الظَّهْرِ Such a one is an adversary who comes to one from behind, unknown. (IAar, As.) b6: قَتَلَهُ ظَهْرًا He slew him unexpectedly; he assassinated him; syn. غِيلَةٌ. (IAar, TA.) b7: جَعَلَنِى بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He cast me off. (TA.) And جَعَلتُ حَاجَتَهُ بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) I cast his want behind my back: (AO, K:) and ↓ جَعَلَهَا ظِهْرِيَّةً signifies the same: (S:) and ↓ اِتَّخَذَهَا ظِهْرِيًّا, (K,) and ↓ ظِهْرِيَّةً: (TA:) or the former of the last two phrases signifies he held it in contempt; as though ظهريّا were an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) or ↓ اِتَّخَذَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he neglected, or forgot, (S, O, * Msb,) him, as in the Kur xi. 94, (S, O,) or it, namely, what was said. (Msb.) And لَا تَجْعَلْ حَاجَتِى

بِظَهْرٍ (tropical:) Forget not thou, or neglect not, my want: (S:) and ↓ جَعَلَهُ ظِهْرِيًّا signifies he forgot it; as well as جعله بِظَهْرٍ. (A.) And جَعَلْتُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ بِظَهْرٍ, and رَمَيْتُهُ بِظَهْرٍ, (tropical:) I cared not for this thing. (Th, O.) b8: فُلَانٌ مِنْ وَلَدِ الظَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is of those who do not belong to us: or of those to whom no regard is paid: (TA:) or of those who are held in contempt, and to whose ties of relationship no regard is paid. (S, TA.) b9: هُوَ ابْنُ عَمِّهِ ظَهْرًا (tropical:) [He is his cousin on the father's side,] distantly related: contr. of دِنْيًا [and لَحًّا]. (As, A, O, TA.) b10: رَجَعَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ [He receded, retired, or retreated]. (K in art. ثبجر.) b11: هُوَ نَازِلٌ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِمْ, and ↓ بين ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, (S, A, O, Msb, K, *) in which latter the ا and ن are said by some to be added for corroboration, (Msb,) and for which one should not say ظَهْرَانِيهِمْ, (IF, S, O, Msb, K,) and بين أَظْهُرِهِمْ, (Msb, K,) (tropical:) He is making his abode in the midst of them; in the main body of them: (K, TA:) originally meaning he is making his abode among them for the purpose of seeking aid of them and staying himself upon them: as though it meant that the back of one of them was before him, and that of another behind him, so that he was defended in either direction: afterwards, by reason of frequency of usage, it came to be employed to signify abiding among a people absolutely. (IAth, Msb.) You say also هُوَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, meaning It (anything) is in the midst, or main part, of it, namely, another thing. (TA.) b12: لَقِيتُهُ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَيْنِ, and ↓ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, (S, O, Msb, K,) (tropical:) I met him during the day, (Msb,) or during the two days, (S, O, K,) or during the three days, (K,) or the days: (S, O, Msb:) from the next preceding phrase. (TA.) And أَتَيْتُهُ مَرَّةً بَيْنَ الظَّهَرْينِ (tropical:) I came to him one day: or, accord. to Aboo-Fak'as, on a day between two years. (Fr.) And اللَّيْلِ ↓ رَأَيْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) I saw him between nightfall and daybreak. (TA.) and النَّهَارِ ↓ جِئْتُهُ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَىِ (tropical:) [I came to him between the beginning and end of the day]. (A.) b13: تَقَلَّبَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (assumed tropical:) It turned over and over, or upside down, (lit. back for belly,) as a serpent does upon ground heated by the sun. (S and TA in art. قلب.) [Hence,] قَلَبْتُ الأَرْضَ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ (tropical:) [I turned the earth over, upside-down]. (A.) And [hence,] قَلَّبَ أَمْرَهُ ظَهْرًا لِبَطْنٍ, (O, * TA,) and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنٍ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِبَطْنِهِ, and ظَهْرَهُ لِلْبَطْنِ, which last form is preferred by El-Farezdak to the second, because [as in the third form] the second of the two words is determinate like the first word, (tropical:) He meditated, or managed, the affair with forecast, and well. (O, * TA.) b14: The Arabs used to say, هٰذَا ظَهْرُ السَّمَآءِ and هذا بَطْنُ السَّمَآءِ, both meaning (tropical:) This is the apparent, visible, part of the sky. (Fr, Az.) And the like is said of the side of a wall, which is its بَطْن to a person on the same side, and its ظَهْر to one on the other side. (Az.) b15: مَا نَزَلَ مِنَ القُرْآنِ آيَةٌ إِلَّا لَهَا ظَهْرٌ وَبَطْنٌ, [part of] a saying of Mohammad, [of which see the rest voce مُطَّلَعٌ,] means (assumed tropical:) Not a verse of the Kur-án has come down but it has a verbal expression and an interpretation: (K, * TA:) or a verbal expression and a meaning: or that which has an apparent and a known [or an exoteric] interpretation and that which has an intrinsic [or esoteric] interpretation: (TA:) or narration (K, TA) and admonition: (TA:) or [it is to be read and to be understood and taught; for] by the ظهر is meant the reading; and by the بطن, the understanding and teaching. (TA.) [See also بَطْنٌ.] b16: ظَهْرٌ signifies also (tropical:) Camels on which people ride, and which carry goods; (S, * A, * O, K, * TA;) camels that carry burdens upon their backs in journeying: (TA:) [or] a beast: or a camel for riding: (Mgh:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of 'Arfajeh, فَتَنَاوَلَ السَّيْفَ مِنَ الظَّهْرِ And he reached, or took in his hand, the sword from the camels for carrying burdens and for riding: and in another, أَتَأْذَنُ لَنَا فِى نَحْرِ ظَهْرِنَا Dost thou permit us to slaughter our camels which we ride? (TA.) And one says also, هُوَ عَلَى ظَهْرٍ (tropical:) He is determined upon travel: (K:) as though he had already mounted a beast for that purpose. (TA.) b17: [Hence, app.,] (assumed tropical:) Property consisting of camels and sheep or goats: (TA:) or much property. (K, TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) The short side [or lateral half] of a feather: (S, O, K:) pl. ظُهْرَانٌ: (S, M, K, TA, &c.:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, sing. of بُطْنَانٌ, (TA,) which latter signifies the “ long sides: ” (S, TA:) and ↓ ظُهَارٌ signifies the same as ظَهْرٌ, (K,) or the same as ظُهْرَانٌ, being an irregular pl.; and this is meant by the saying الظُّهَارُ بِالضَّمِ الجَمَاعَةُ, mentioned in a later place in the K [in such a manner as to have led to the supposition that ظُهَارٌ is also syn. with جَمَاعَةٌ]: (TA:) AO says that among the feathers of arrows are the ظُهَار, which are those that are put [upon an arrow] of the ظَهْر [or outer side] of the عَسِيب [app. here meaning the shaft] of the feather; (S, TA;) i. e., the shorter side, which is the best kind of feather; as also ظُهْرَان: sing. ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) ISd says that the ظُهْرَان are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are exposed to the sun and rain: (TA:) Lth says that the ظُهَار are those parts of the feathers of the wing that are apparent. (O, TA.) One says, رِشْ سَهْمَكَ بِظُهْرَانٍ وَلَا تَرِشْهُ بِبُطْنَانٍ

[Feather thine arrow with short sides of feathers, and feather it not with long sides of feathers]. (S, TA.) [De Sacy supposes that ظُهُورٌ and بُطُونٌ are also pls. of ظَهْرٌ and بَطْنٌ thus used: (see his “ Chrest. Arabe,” sec. ed., tome ii., p.

374:) but his reasons do not appear to me to be conclusive.] ↓ ظُهَارٌ and ظُهْرَانٌ are also used as epithets: you say, رِيشٌ ظُهَارٌ and رِيشٌ ظُهْرَانٌ. (TA.) b19: [ظَهْرُ الكَفِّ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The back of the hand. And in like manner, ظَهْرُ القَدَمِ and ↓ ظَاهِرُهَا mean (assumed tropical:) The upper, or convex, side, or back, of the human foot, corresponding to the back of the hand, including the instep: opposed to بَطْن and بَاطِن. And ظَهْرُ اللِّسَانِ means (assumed tropical:) The upper surface of the tongue.] b20: And ظَهْرٌ also signifies (tropical:) A way by land. (S, M, O, Msb, K.) This expression is used when there is a way by land and a way by sea. (M.) You say, سَارُوا فِى طَرِيقِ الظَّهْرِ (tropical:) They journeyed by land. (A.) b21: And (assumed tropical:) An elevated tract of land or ground; as also ↓ ظَاهِرةٌ: (A:) or rugged and elevated land or ground; (JK, K;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) opposed to بَطْنٌ, which signifies “ soft and plain and fine and low land or ground: ” (TA:) and ↓ ظَوَاهِرُ [pl. of. ظَاهِرَةٌ] signifies (assumed tropical:) elevated tracts of land or ground: (S, K:) you say, هَاجَتْ ظَوَاهِرُ الأَرْضِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) the herbs, or leguminous plants, of the elevated tracts of land, or ground, dried up: (As, S, L:) and ↓ ظَاهِرٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) the higher, or highest, part of a mountain; (ISh, L, TA;) whether its exterior be plain or not: (TA:) and ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ, the same, of anything: (L:) when you have ascended upon the ظَهْر of a mountain, you are upon its ظَاهِرَة. (TA.) b22: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظَهْرًا means (assumed tropical:) Their valley flowed with the rain of their own land: opposed to دُرْءًا, meaning, “from other rain: ” (IAar, O, K: *) or the former signifies their valley flowed with its own rain: and the latter, “with other than its own rain: ” (TA:) and some say ↓ ظُهْرًا, which Az thinks the better form. (O, TA.) b23: [Hence, probably,] أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ مَطَرَ ظَهْرٍ (assumed tropical:) I obtained from him, or it, much good. (Sgh, O, K.) b24: And another signification of ظَهْرٌ is What is absent, or hidden, or concealed, from one. (O, K.) b25: It is sometimes prefixed to another noun to give plainness and force to the expression; as in ظَهْرُ الغَيْبِ and ظَهْرُ القَلْبِ, meaning نَفْسُ الغَيْبِ and نَفْسُ القَلْبِ: (Msb:) or it is redundant in these instances. (Mgh.) Lebeed says, describing a [wild] cow going about after a beast of prey that had eaten her young one, وَتَسَمَّعَتْ رِزَّ الأَنِيسِ فَرَاعَهَا عَنْ ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ وَالأَنِيسُ سَقَامُهَا [And she heard the sound of man, and it frightened her, from a place that concealed what was in it; for man is her malady; i. e., a cause of pain and trouble and death to her]: (TA:) meaning, she heard the sound of the hunters, &c. (TA in art. غيب.) And you say, تَنَاوَلَهُ بِظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ بِمَا يَسُوؤُهُ He carped at him behind the back, or in absence, by saying what would grieve him. (TA in art. غيب.) And تَكَلَّمْتُ بِهِ عَنْ ظَهْرِ الغَيْبِ (A, O) or عن ظَهْرِ غَيْبٍ (TA) [app., (tropical:) I spoke it by memory; in the absence of a book or the like; as one says in modern Arabic, عَلَى الغَائِب. See also غَيْبٌ.] And قَرَأَهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ القَلْبِ (tropical:) He recited it by heart, or memory; without book: (L, K: [in the latter, مِنْ is put in the place of عَنْ; but the right reading is that in the L: and in the CK is an omission here, to be supplied by the insertion of وَقَرَأَهُ:]) and ↓ قرأه ظَاهِرًا and قرأه عَلَى

ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ [signify the same]. (K.) And حَمَلَ القُرْآنَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ لِسَانِهِ like حَفِظَهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَلْبِهِ (tropical:) [He knew the Kur-án by heart]. (A, * O, TA.) b26: One says also, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ يَدِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one eats at the expense of such a one. (A, O, K. *) And in like manner, الفُقَرَآءُ يَأْكُلُونَ عَلَى ظَهْرِ أَيْدِى النَّاسِ (tropical:) The poor eat at the expense of the people. (A, TA.) And أَعْطَاهُ عَنْ ظَهْرِ يَدٍ (tropical:) He gave him originally; without compensation. (O, * K; but in some copies of the K we find مِنْ in the place of عَنْ.) It is said [in a trad.], أَفْضَلُ الصَّدَقَةِ مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى (tropical:) The most excellent of alms is that which is [derived] from competence; ظهر: (Msb:) or simply عَنْ غِنًى, the word ظهر being here redundant: (Mgh:) or from manifest competence upon which one relies, and in which he seeks aid against calamities, or afflictions: or from what remains after fight: (Msb:) or from superfluous property. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ

A3: قِدْرُ ظَهْرٍ means (assumed tropical:) An old cooking-pot: (O, K: *) pl. قُدُورُ ظُهُورٍ: (O:) as though, because of its oldness, it were thrown behind the back. (TA.) ظُهْرٌ Midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or the time when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb, * K, * O, * TA:) or [the time immediately] after the declining of the sun: (S, Mgh:) masc. and fem.; unless when the word صَلَاة is prefixed to it, in which case it is fem. only: (Msb:) [pl. أَظْهَارٌ. See also ظَهِيرَةٌ.] صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ means The prayer [i. e. the divinely-ordained prayer] of midday, or noon: (IAth, TA:) or of the time after the declining of the sun. (S, O.) In the phrases أَبْرِدُوا بِالظُّهْرِ [Defer ye the prayer of midday until the cooler time of day] and صَلَّى الظُّهْرَ [He performed the prayer of midday], the prefixed noun (صَلَاة) is suppressed. (Mgh.) A2: سَالَ وَادِيهِمْ ظُهْرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, last quarter.

ظَهِرٌ, (S,) or ↓ ظَهِيرٌ, (K,) [the former agreeable with analogy, being derived from ظَهِرَ,] A man (S,) having a complaint of the back: (S, K:) or having a pain in the back: as also ↓ مَظْهُورٌ. (O, TA.) ظُهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in three places.

A2: Also The tortoise. (O, K.) ظِهْرَةٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, in six places.

ظَهَرَةٌ The goods, or furniture and utensils, of a house or tent; (IAar, S, O, K, TA;) as also أَهَرَةٌ: (IAar, TA:) or the former signifies the exterior of a house, or tent; and the latter, the “ interior thereof. ” (Th, TA.) b2: And Abundance of مَال [i. e. property, or cattle]. (TA.) A2: See also ظَهِيرٌ.

ظِهْرِىٌّ A camel prepared for future need; (T, S, O, K;) taken, by way of precaution, to bear the burden of any camel that may happen to fail in a journey: sometimes two or more unladen camels are taken for this purpose: some say that such a camel is thus called because its owner puts it behind his back, not riding it nor putting any burden upon it: (T, TA:) the word appears to be an irreg. rel. n. from ظَهْرٌ: (ISd, TA:) pl. ظَهَارِىٌّ, imperfectly decl., because the rel. ى

retains its place in the sing. [inseparably; there being no such word as ظِهْر: but if it be a rel. n., this pl. is irreg., like مَهَارِىٌّ]. (S, O, K.) b2: See ظَهْرٌ, first quarter, in five places, for examples of ظِهْرِىٌّ and ظِهْرِيَّةٌ used tropically.

ظُهْرَان [app. ظُهْرَانٌ (which is also a pl. of ظَهْرٌ used in several senses), or, perhaps ظُهْرَانِ, as having a dual meaning,] The upper, thick, pair of wings of the locust. (AHn, TA.) b2: [See also ظَهْرٌ.]

بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيْهِمْ, and ظَهْرَانَيْهِ, and الظَّهْرَانَيْنِ, &c.: see ظَهْرٌ, former half, in five places.

ظَهَارٌ The exterior (K, TA) and elevated (TA) part of a [stony tract such as is called] حَرَّة. (K, TA.) ظُهَارٌ Pain in the back. (Az, O, TA.) A2: See also ظَهْرٌ, third quarter, in two places.

ظَهِيرٌ: see ظَاهِرٌ.

A2: Also An aider, or assistant; (S, A, O, Msb, K;) and so ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ: (K:) [in one place, in the K, ظِهْرَةٌ is expl. by عَوْن; but by this is meant, as will be seen below, the same as is meant by مُعِين, by which all the three words are expl. in another place in the K, as well as in the S &c.:] and aiders, or assistants; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ ظِهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظُهْرَةٌ and ↓ ظَهْرٌ: (TA:) the pl. of ظَهِيرٌ is ظُهَرَآءُ. (O.) It is said in the Kur [xxv. 57], وَكَانَ الكَافِرُ عَلَى رَبِّهِ ظَهِيرًا And the unbeliever is an aider of the enemies of God [against his Lord]. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) You say also, فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ ↓ ظِهْرَتِى Such a one is my aider (عَوْن) against such a one: and عَلَى هٰذَا ↓ أَنَا ظِهْرَتُكَ الأَمْرِ I am thine aider against this thing, or affair. (S, O.) And it is also said in the Kur [lxvi. 4], وَالْمَلَائِكَةُ بَعْدَ ذٰلِكَ ظَهِيرٌ [And the angels after that will be his aiders]: and instance of ظهير in a pl. sense: (S, O, Msb:) for words of the measures فَعُولٌ and فَعِيلٌ are sometimes masc. and fem. [and sing.] and pl. (S.) You also say, ↓ جَآءَ فُلَانٌ فِى ظِهْرَتِهِ, (S, A, K,) and ↓ ظُهْرَتِهِ, (A, K,) and ↓ ظَهَرَتِهِ, and ↓ ظَاهِرَتِهِ, (K,) Such a one came among his people, (S,) or kinsfolk, (K,) and those who performed his affairs for him, (S, A,) i. e., his aiders, or assistants. (A.) And وَاحِدَةٍ ↓ هُمْ فِى ظِهْرَةٍ They aid one another against the enemies. (TA.) b2: Also Strong in the back; (K;) sound therein: (Lth:) and so ↓ مُظَهَّرٌ: (S, O, K:) applied to a man: (S:) or hard and strong; whether in the back or any other part is not said: (TA:) in this sense, (TA,) or as signifying strong, (S, O,) applied to a camel: fem. with ة. (S, O, TA.) b3: Also A camel whose back is not used, on account of galls, or sores, upon it: or unsound in the back by reason of galls, or sores, or from some other cause. (Th.) Thus it has two contr. significations. (TA.) A3: See also ظَهِرٌ.

ظِهَارَةٌ [The facing, or outer covering, or] what is uppermost, (TA,) what is apparent (Msb, TA) to the eye, (Msb,) not next the body, of a garment; (TA;) and in like manner, what is uppermost and apparent, not next the ground, of a carpet; (TA;) as also ↓ ظَاهِرَةٌ: (JK:) contr. of بِطَانَةٌ: (S, O, Msb, K:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) ظَهِيرَةٌ The point of midday: (M, A, K:) or only in summer: (M, K:) or i. q. هَاجِرَةٌ [i. e. midday in summer or when the heat is vehement: or the period from a little before, to a little after, midday in summer: or midday, when the sun declines from the meridian, at the ظُهْر: or from its declining until the عَصْر]: (S, O, TA:) or the هَاجِرَة, which is when the sun declines from the meridian: (Msb:) or the vehement heat of midday: (IAth, TA:) or i. q. ظُهْرٌ [q. v.]: (Az, TA:) pl. ظَهَائِرُ. (TA.) You say, أَتْيْتُهُ حَدَّ الظَّهِيرَةِ [I came to him at the point of midday in summer; &c.]: and حِينَ قَامَ قَائِمُ الظَّهِيرَةِ [when the sun had become high, and the shade had almost disappeared: so expl. in art. قوم]. (S, O.) and أَبْرِدْ عَنْكَ مِنَ الظَّهِيرَةِ Stay thou until the middayheat shall have become assuaged, and the air be cool. (L in art. فيح.) And hence, in a trad. of 'Omar, when a man came to him complaining of gout in the feet, he said, كَذَبَتْكَ الظَّهَائِرُ, meaning Take thou to walking during the heat of the middays in summer. (TA.) ظُهَارِيَّةٌ One of the modes of seizing [and throwing down] in wrestling: or i. q. شَغْزَبِيَّةٌ: (K:) the twisting one's leg with the leg of another in the manner that is termed شَغْزَبِيَّة, and so throwing him down: one says, أَخَذَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ and الشَّغْزَبِيَّةَ [He seized him and threw him down by the trick above described]: both signify the same: (ISh, O:) or ظُهَارِيَّةٌ signifies the throwing one down upon the back. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b2: And (hence, as being likened thereto, TA) (tropical:) A certain mode, or manner, of compressing, or coïtus. (O, K, TA.) b3: And أَوْثَقَهُ الظُّهَارِيَّةَ He bound his hands behind his back. (Ibn-Buzurj, O, K, TA.) ظَاهِرٌ [Outward, exterior, external, extrinsic, or exoteric: and hence, appearing, apparent, overt, open, perceptible or perceived, manifest, conspicuous, ostensible, plain, or evident: in all these senses] contr. of بَاطِنٌ: (S, K, TA:) and so ↓ ظَهِيرٌ. (TA.) [Hence, ظَاهِرًا Outwardly, &c.: and apparently; &c.: and فِى الظَّاهِرِ in appearance. And الظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ كَذَا It appears, or it seems, or what seems to be the case is, that it is so, or thus. And ظَاهِرُ كَذَا for ظَاهِرٌ فِيهِ كَذَا, meaning A person, or thing, in whom, or in which, such a quality is apparent, or manifest, &c.: see an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. طعن.] See also مُظْهَرٌ. b2: [Hence also,] عَيْنٌ ظَاهِرَةٌ A prominent eye; (S, O, K, TA;) that fills its cavity. (TA.) b3: And هٰذَا

أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهُ (tropical:) This is a thing, or an affair, of which the disgrace is remote from thee: (S, TA:) or does not cleave to thee. (TA.) and هٰذَا عَيْبٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ (tropical:) This is a vice, or fault, that does not cleave to thee. (A.) A poet says, (namely, Kutheiyir, accord. to a copy of the S, or Aboo-Dhu-eyb, TA,) وَعَيَّرَهَا الوَاشُونَ أَنِّى أُحِبُّهَا وَتِلْكَ شَكَاةٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَنْكَ عَارُهَا (tropical:) [And the slanderers taunted her with the fact of my loving her; but that is a fault of which the disgrace is remote from thee]. (S, TA.) b4: [الظَّاهِرُ also signifies The outside, or exterior, of a thing. You say, نَزَلَ ظَاهِرَ المَدِينَةِ He alighted, or took up his abode, outside the city: comp. ظَاهِرَةٌ. Hence,] ظَاهِرُ الكَفِّ and ظَاهِرُ القَدَمِ; and another signification of ظَاهِرٌ: for all of which see ظَهْرٌ, third quarter. b5: [Also The external, outward, or extrinsic, state, condition, or circumstances, of a man: and the outward, or apparent, character, or disposition of the mind: opposed to البَاطِنُ.] b6: One says also, فُلَانٌ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ Such a one has the ascendancy, or mastery, over such a one; is conqueror of him, or victorious over him. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ ظَاهِرٌ بِكَ This is a thing, or an affair, that overcomes, or overpowers, thee. (TA.) And هٰذَا أَمْرٌ

أَنْتَ بِهِ ظَاهِرٌ This is an affair which thou hast power to do. (TA.) [And هُوَ ظَاهِرٌ عَلَى كَذَا He is a conqueror, a winner, an achiever, or an attainer, of such a thing: see an ex. voce غَرَبٌ, near the end.] And الظَّاهِرُ is one of the names of God, meaning The Ascendant, or Predominant, over all things: or, as some say, He who is known -by inference of the mind from what appears to mankind of the effects of his actions and his attributes. (IAth, TA.) b7: حَاجَتُهُ عِنْدَكَ ظَاهِرَةٌ means (tropical:) His want is in thine estimation [an object of contempt, or neglect, as though] cast behind the back. (O, * TA.) b8: قَرَأَهُ ظَاهِرًا: see ظَهْرٌ, towards the end of the paragraph.

A2: شَآءٌ ظَوَاهِرُ Sheep, or goats, that come to the water every day at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةٌ as a subst.; and its pl. ظَوَاهِرُ: see ظَهْرٌ, in four places, in the third quarter of the paragraph. [Hence,] قُرَيْشُ الظَّوَاهِرِ Those, of Kureysh, that dwell in the exterior of Mekkeh, (O,) upon the mountains thereof, (K, * TA,) or upon the higher parts of Mekkeh: (TA:) those who dwell in the lower parts are called قُرَيْشُ البِطَاحِ; (O, * TA;) and these are the more honourable, (O, TA, *) because they are neighbours of the House of God. (O.) b2: See also ظِهَارَةٌ.

A2: And see ظَهِيرٌ.

A3: Also The coming of camels, (S, O, K, TA,) and of sheep or goats, (TA,) to the water every day, at noon. (S, O, K, TA.) One says, of camels, [and of sheep or goats,] تَرِدُ الظَّاهِرَةَ [They come to the water every day, at noon]: and Sh says that they return from the water at the عَصْر. (TA.) And شَرِبَ الفَرَسُ ظَاهِرَةً The horse drank every day, at noon. (TA.) ظَاهِرَةُ الغِبِّ [The coming to the water at noon on alternate days] is for sheep or goats; scarcely ever, or never, for camels; and is a little shorter [in the interval] than what is called [simply] الغِبُّ. (O, TA.) مَظْهَرٌ i. q. مَصْعَدٌ [i. e. A place of ascent, or a place to which one ascends]; (O, K; in some copies of the latter of which, both words are erroneously written with damm to the م; TA;) and دَرَجَةٌ [as meaning a degree, grade, rank, condition, or station, or an exalted, or a high, grade, &c.]: (O:) used by En-Nábighah ElJaadee as meaning Paradise. (O, TA.) مُظْهَرٌ Made apparent, &c. b2: And hence, as also ↓ ظَاهِرٌ, but the former more commonly, applied to a noun, Explicit; and, elliptically, an explicit noun; opposed to مُضْمَرٌ and ضَمِيرٌ (a concealed noun, i. e. a pronoun); and to مُبْهَمٌ (a noun of vague signification).]

مُظْهِرٌ Possessing camels for riding or for carrying goods: pl. مُظْهِرُونَ. (S, * K, * TA.) A2: and A camel made to sweat by the ظَهِيرَة [or vehement heat of midday in summer]. (Sgh, K, TA.) and accord. to As, one says, ↓ أَتَانَا فُلَانٌ مُظَهِّرًا, meaning Such a one came to us in the time of the ظَهِيرَة [or midday in summer, &c.]: but accord. to A 'Obeyd, others say مُظْهِرًا, without teshdeed; and this is the proper form: (S) or both mean, in the time of the ظُهْر. (O.) مُظَهَّرٌ: see ظَهِيرٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

مُظَهِّرٌ: see مُظْهِرٌ.

مُظْهُورٌ pass. part. n. of ظَهَرَ [q. v.]. b2: See also ظَهِرٌ. Quasi ظور 3 ظَاوِرْ, occurring in a trad. for ظَائِرْ: see 3 in art. ظأر.

لحظ

1 لَحَظَهُ, (S, K,) or لَحَظَهُ بِالعَيْنِ, (Msb,) and لَحَظَ إِلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. لَحْظٌ (Msb, K) and لَحَظَانٌ, (K,) He looked at him from the outer angle of the eye, (S, Msb, K,) to the right or left, (Msb, TA,) with more turning of the face than is denoted by شَزْرٌ; (Msb, K;) or without turning the face: (TA:) or he watched him with the eye: (Msb:) and hence ↓ مُلَاحَظَةٌ, of the measure مُفَاعَلَةٌ, (K, TA,) explained by Az as signifying a man's looking from the outer angle of either eye. (TA.) 3 لاحظهُ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. مُلَاحَظَةٌ (Msb, K) and لِحَاظٌ, (S, Msb,) [i. q. لَحَظَهُ, q. v. b2: and hence,] (tropical:) He regarded him; had regard, or an eye, to him; paid regard, or consideration, to him; he regarded it, [namely, an affair,] or attended to it; syn. رَاعَاهُ. (S, Msb, TA.) b3: [And (assumed tropical:) He, or it, had a relation, or an analogy, to him, or it.]6 تلاحظوا (TA) They turned their eyes, [each looking from the outer angle of his eye,] one towards another. (K, L.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) They regarded one another; had regard, or an eye, one to another; paid regard, or consideration, one to another. b3: And (assumed tropical:) They had a mutual relation, or analogy.]

لَحْظٌ: see لَحَاظٌ.

لَحْظَةٌ A look from the outer angle of the eye; a sidelong glance; an ogle; a look from the side next the ear: pl. لَحَظَاتٌ: the dim. is لُحَيْظَةٌ. (TA.) Hence the saying جَلَسْتُ عِنْدَهُ لَحْظَةً I sat with him the like of [the time occupied by] a look from the outer angle of the eye. (TA.) And فِى لَحْظَةٍ [In the twinkling of an eye]. (K in art. سرع; &c.) لَحَاظٌ, (S, Msb, K,) with fet-h, (S, Msb,) like سَحَابٌ, (K,) or ↓ لِحَاظٌ, (T, IB, Mgh, Msb,) with kesr, (T, IB, Msb,) which latter is the form commonly known, (IB,) or the latter is incorrectly used for the former by some who twist the sides of the mouth in utterance, (MF,) or is [only] an inf. n. of لَاخَظَ, (S,) The outer angle of the eye, (T, S, Mgh, &c.,) next the part between the eye and the ear; (T, Mgh, Msb;) as also ↓ لَحْظٌ: pl. of the former لُحُظٌ: and of the latter أَلْحَاظٌ. (TA.) You say, فَتَنَتْهُ بِلَحَاظِهَا [She captivated his heart with the outer angle of her eye], and بِأَلْحَاظِهَا [with the outer angles of her eyes]. (TA.) لِحَاظٌ: see لَحَاظٌ.

لَحِيظٌ (assumed tropical:) Like. (K.) You say, هُوَ لَحِيظُ فُلَانٍ. (assumed tropical:) He is the like of such a one. (TA.) رَجُلٌ لَحَّاظٌ [A man who has a habit of looking from the outer angle of the eye]. (TA.) مَلْحَظٌ syn. with [the inf. n.] لَحْظٌ: or it signifies مَوْضِعُ لَحْظٍ [i.e. the place at which one looks from the outer angle of the eye]: pl. مَلَاحِظُ. (TA.) مَلْحُوظٌ (assumed tropical:) Regarded; had in view.]

أَحْوَالُهُمْ مُتَشَاكِلَةٌ مُتَلَاحِظَةٌ (tropical:) [Their states, or conditions, are similar; such as have mutual relation, or analogy]. (TA.)

صبح

1 صَبَحَهُ, (S, Mgh, TA,) aor. ـَ (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. صَبْحٌ; (S, TA;) and ↓ صبّحهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَصْبِيحٌ; (TA;) He gave him to drink a morning-draught, or what is termed a صَبُوح; (S, Mgh, K, TA;) [and] so صَبَحَهُ صَبُوحًا: (MA:) and the first [and second also] he handed to him a morning-draught of milk or of wine. (TA.) And صَبَحَ الإِبِلَ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He watered the camels in the morning, between daybreak and sunrise. (TA.) b2: And both are said respecting a غَارَة [meaning (assumed tropical:) He made a hostile, or predatory, incursion upon him in the morning; as though he made the غارة to be to him a morning-draught: see صَابِحٌ]. (Ham p. 66.) b3: [And accord. to Reiske, as stated by Freytag, صَبَحَ signifies He drank in the early morning: but I think that Reiske may have assigned to it this meaning from his having found the pass. form of the verb, not distinguished as such, used in a case in which it might be supposed to signify thus.]. b4: See also 2, in five places.

A2: صَبَحٌ as an inf. n. [of which the verb is صَبِحَ accord. to a general rule] signifies The being satiated, or having the thirst quenched, by a morning-draught, or what is termed a صَبُوح. (L.) A3: And صَبِحَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَبَحٌ [in the CK (erroneously) صَبْح] and صُبْحَةٌ, [He, or it, was of the colour termed صُبْحَةٌ meaning as expl. below: or] it (hair) had whiteness naturally intermixed in it with redness; as also ↓ اصباحّ, (K, TA,) inf. n. اِصبِيحَاحٌ. (TA.) A4: صَبُحَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. صَبَاحَةٌ, [q. v.,] He was, or became, beautiful, comely, pretty, or elegant; (S, A, K, TA;) as some say, peculiarly in the face: (TA:) or he was, or became, bright (Msb, TA) in the face. (Msb.) 2 صبّحهُ, (S,) or صبّحهُمْ, (K,) inf. n. تَصْبِيحٌ, (TA,) He came to him, or to them, in the morning, in the time termed the صَبَاح; (S, K;) as also [↓ صَبَحَهُ, or] صَبَحَهُمْ, aor. ـَ (K:) the teshdeed in the former does not imply muchness, or frequency: (S:) and صَبَّحَتْهُمُ الخَيْلُ and ↓ صَبَحَتْهُمُ The horsemen came to them at daybreak, at the time termed the صُبْح: (TA:) but Aboo-'Adnán says that there is a difference between صَبَّحْنَا and ↓ صَبَحْنَا; which is this: you say, صَبَّحْنَا بَلَدَ كَذَا [We came in the morning to such a town, or country], and صَبَّحْنَا فُلَانًا [We came in the morning to such a one], with teshdeed; and صَبَحْنَا ↓ أَهْلَهَا خَيْرًا or شَرًّا [We came in the morning to its people, or inhabitants, with good or with evil, without teshdeed; as though we made the good or the evil to be a morning-draught, or putting the second of the nouns following the verb in the accus. case because of بِ suppressed]: you say also, صبّحهُ بِكَذَا; and you may also say, بكذا ↓ صَبَحَهُ, as well as صَبَحَهُ كَذَا; He came to him in the morning with such a thing. (L.) b2: And صَبَّحَكَ اللّٰهُ بِخَيْرٍ (S, * A, Msb) or بِالخَيْرِ (TA) (assumed tropical:) [May God visit thee in the morning with good, or good fortune, or happiness; or make thee to be in, or during, the morning attended with good, &c.; i. e. make thy morning good, or happy; or grant thee a good, or happy, morning]: a prayer for the person thus addressed, (Msb.) b3: And صَبَّحْتُهُ I said to him عِمْ صَبَاحًا [expl. below, see صَبَاحٌ]; (S;) and صَبَّحَهُمْ he said to them عِمُوا صَبَاحًا: (K:) or صَبَّحْتُهُ means I said to him صَبَّحَكَ اللّٰهُ بِخَيْرٍ [expl. above]. (Msb.) b4: See also 1, first sentence. b5: [Hence,] صَبَّحْتُ القَوْمَ المَآءَ, inf. n. as above, I journeyed with the people, or party, by night until I brought them in the morning to the water. (K.) b6: صَبَّحَنِى

فُلَانٌ الحَقَّ (tropical:) Such a one declared, or told clearly, to me the truth; syn. مَحَّضَنِيهِ. (A, TA. [See صُبْحٌ.]) A2: تَصْبِيحٌ as a subst., see below.4 اصبح He entered upon the time of morning termed صَبَاح [which means both dawn and forenoon]: (S, * Msb: [in the former this meaning is indicated, but not expressed:]) or he entered upon the time of daybreak, or dawn, the time termed صُبْح. (L, K.) By the following words of EshShemmákh, وَقِيلُ المُنَادِى أَصْبَحَ القَوْمُ أَدْلِجِى is meant, [And the saying of the crier is,] The people, or party, have nearly entered upon the time of dawn: prosecute the night-journey: for the Arabs, when they have nearly arrived at a place which they desire to reach, say, قَدْ بَلَغْنَاهُ; and when travellers are near the time of daybreak, they say, أَصْبَحْنَا. (T, L.) b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) He awoke from sleep in the جَوْف [i. e. last third, or last sixth,] of the night. (A, TA.) [And simply (tropical:) He awoke: for] one says to the sleeper, أَصْبِحْ, meaning (tropical:) Awake thou from sleep. (A, TA.) And one says also, أَصْبِحْ يَا رَجُلُ, meaning (tropical:) Become roused, O man, (A, K, * TA,) from thy heedlessness or inadvertence, (A, TA,) and see thy right course, (K, TA,) and what will rectify thy state. (TA.) And أَصْبِحْ لَيْلُ (tropical:) [Become morning, O night] a prov.: (Meyd, A, TA:) said in a distressing night, that is long by reason of evil. (Meyd. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 727.]) b3: [Also He, or it, became in the morning in any particular state or condition: in this sense, and in that next following, an incomplete, i. e. a non-attributive, verb.] b4: and [hence, simply,] He, or it, became; syn. صَارَ. (S, K.) One says, اصبح عَالِمًا He became knowing, or learned. (S, TA.) Thus, فَأَصْبَحُوا ظَاهِرِينَ, in the Kur lxi. last verse, means And they became victorious. (Bd.) And فَأَصْبَحَ يُقَلِّبُ كَفَّيْهِ, in the Kur xviii. 40, [And he became in a state, or condition, in which he turned over his hands; i. e.] and he became repentant, or grieved for what he had done. (A in art. قلب, and Bd.) And فَأَصْبَحُوا لَا تَرَى إِلَّا مَسَاكِنَهُمْ, in the Kur xlvi. 24, i. e. [And they became] in a condition such that, if thou wert present in their country, thou wouldst not see aught save their dwellingplaces; or, as Hamzeh and Ks read, لَا يُرَى إِلَّا مَسَاكِنُهُمْ [there was not to be seen aught save their dwelling-places]. (Bd.) [أَصْبَحَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا is of frequent occurrence, meaning He became occupied, or engaged, in doing such a thing; he betook, set, or applied, himself to doing such a thing; set about, or commenced, doing such a thing; or began to do such a thing.] b5: [Also He performed the prayer of daybreak.] It is said in a trad., أَصْبِحُوا بِالصُّبْحِ, meaning Perform ye the prayer of daybreak in the time of daybreak. (L.) b6: See also 8. b7: Also He acted gently. (TA in art. ارش: see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَأْروُشٌ.) A2: إِصْبَاحٌ He trimmed a lamp, or wick; or prepared it properly for use. (TA.) b2: See, again, 8.

A3: as a subst., see صُبْحٌ, in two places.5 تصبّح He slept in the morning; or first part of day, before sunrise. (S, Msb, K.) b2: And He ate such food as is termed a صُبْحَة. (K, TA.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ تَصَبَّحَ بِسَبْعِ تَمَرَاتِ عَجْوَةٍ [He who eats as a صُبْحَة seven dates of the sort called عَجْوَة]. (TA.) A2: See also 8, in two places.6 فُلَانٌ يَتَصَابَحُ and يَتَحَاسَنُ [Such a one affects to be beautful, comely, pretty, or elegant: the latter verb is here added as an explicative of the former: see صَبُحَ]. (A, TA.) 8 اصطبح He drank a morning-draught, or what is termed a صَبُوح; (S, K, TA;) [and] so ↓ اصبح. (Msb. [Thus in my copy of the Msb, but probably a mistranscription, for the former is the verb well known in this sense, and is not in that copy.]) It is said in a trad., مَالَنَا صَبِىٌّ يَصْطَبِحُ [We have not a child that drinks a morningdraught]; meaning we have not as much milk as a child may drink in the early morning, in consequence of the drought. (TA.) A2: And i. q. أَسْرَجَ [as meaning He lighted a lamp or wick, or himself or another with a lamp &c.]; (K, TA;) and so ↓ اصبح (A, TA) [in the former sense], as in the phrase اصبح مِصْبَاحًا [he lighted a lamp or wick]; (A;) and اصبح alone has this meaning, i. e. أَسْرَجَ سِرَاجًا. (TA, from a trad.) [But it is used often in the latter sense:] one says, الشَّمْعُ مِمَّا يُصْطَبَحُ بِهِ Candles are of the things with which one lights [himself, or others]; syn. يُسْرَجُ: (S:) [and in like manner ↓ تصبّح; for] one says, هُوَ يَتَصَبَّحُ بِالشُّمُوعِ [He lights himself, or others, with candles]: (A:) [and in like manner also ↓ استصبح; for] one says, استصبح بِالمِصْبَاحِ (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K *) He lighted [himself, or another,] with the lamp, or wick; (MA;) syn. أَسْرَجَ; (S;) or اِسْتَسْرَجَ: (K:) [hence it appears that اصطبح بِهِ and به ↓ استصبح and به ↓ تصبّح may be aptly rendered he employed it as a means of light; and thus the second of these three verbs, is expl. in treatises on practical law:] one says also, بِالدُّهْنِ ↓ استصبح [He employed oil as a means of light; or] he made the lamp, or wick, to give light by means of oil: (Mgh, Msb:) and it is said in a trad. respecting the several sorts of fat (شُحُوم) of carrion, بِهَا النَّاسُ ↓ يَسْتَصْبِحُ The people [employ them as means of light; or] make their lamps, or wicks, to give light by means of them. (TA.) 10 إِسْتَصْبَحَ see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.11 إِصْبَاْحَّ see 1, last sentence but one.

صُبْحٌ (S, A, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ صَبَاحٌ (Msb, K) and ↓ صَبِيحَةٌ (Msb, * K) and ↓ إِصْبَاحٌ and ↓ مُصْبَحٌ (K [or perhaps the last should be مَصْبَحٌ, q. v.]) Daybreak, or dawn; syn. فَجْرٌ; (S, A, Msb, K;) i. e. (so in the Msb, but in the K “ or ”) the beginning, or first part, of day: (Msb, K:) ↓ إِصْبَاحٌ is an inf. n. [inf. n. of أَصْبَحَ] used in the sense of صُبْح, in the Kur vi. 96, (Jel,) and is similar to إِبْكَارٌ; (TA;) [and ↓ مُصْبَحٌ is the n. of place and time from أَصْبَحَ:] the pl. of صُبْحٌ is أَصْبَاحٌ; (K;) and thus some read in the Kur vi. 96. (Bd.) See also أَصْبَحُ. One says, أَتَيْتُهُ لِصُبْحِ خَامِسَةٍ and خامسة ↓ لِصِبْحِ, (S, K,) meaning [I came to him] in the morning (صَبَاح) [of the last] of five days; (K;) i. e., of a fifth day; (TK;) [or rather, of a fifth night, as the last word is fem.;] like as one says, لِمُِسْىِ خامسة. (S.) b2: الصُّبْحُ is also used as meaning (assumed tropical:) The truth; and the clear, or plain, thing or case. (Ham p. 449.) b3: And أُمُّ صُبْحٍ is one of the names of Mekkeh. (K, * TA.) صِبْحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

صَبَحٌ: see صُبْحَةٌ. b2: Also The glistening of iron (K, TA) and of other things. (TA.) صَبْحَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in three places. b2: Also A watering of camels in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise: which is not esteemed by the Arabs wholesome: the time approved by them for watering is when the sun is near the meridian. (TA.) صُبْحَةٌ The early part of the forenoon, after sunrise; syn. ضُحًى; as also ↓ صَبْحَةٌ: (Msb:) or the period of one's entering upon the صَبَاح [which means both dawn and forenoon]: so in the saying, لَقِيتُهُ ذَاتَ صُبْحَةٍ [I met him when he was entering upon the dawn or forenoon]. (TA.) b2: And A sleep in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise; as also ↓ صَبْحَةٌ; (S, * K;) or both signify a sleep in the ضُحَى [expl. above]; (A;) but the latter is by some disapproved: such sleep is forbidden in a trad., because it is in a time for the commemoration of the praises of God and then for seeking gain. (TA.) One says, فُلَانٌ يَنَامُ الصُّبْحَةَ and ↓ الصَّبْحَةَ [Such a one sleeps in the first part of day, before sunrise]. (S.) b3: and Food with which one contents, or diverts, himself [so as to allay the craving of his stomach], in the morning or first part of day, before sunrise. (K.) b4: See also صَبُوحٌ.

A2: Also (Suh, K, TA,) and ↓ صَبَحٌ, (Lth, S, TA,) [each said in one place in the K to be an inf. n. of which the verb is صَبِحَ,] Blackness inclining to redness: (K:) or intense redness in the hair: (Lth, TA:) or a colour inclining to that which is termed صُهْبَة: (K, TA:) or nearly the same as صُهْبَة: (Lth, * S, * TA:) or a colour inclining to that termed شُهْبَة: (K, TA:) or whiteness that is not clear, or pure; so the former is expl. by Suh. (TA. [See also أَصَبَحُ.]) صَبْحَانُ A man who has drunk a morningdraught, or what is termed a صَبُوح; (TA;) or who has done so, and satisfied his thirst thereby: (Aboo-'Adnán, TA:) [in the S and K it is implied that it is syn. with مُصْطَبِحٌ, q. v.:] fem.

صَبْحَى. (S, TA.) Hence the prov., أَكْذَبُ مِنَ الأَخِيذِ الصَّبْحَانِ (Aboo-'Adnán, S, TA) More lying than the captive who had satisfied his thirst with a morning-draught: (Aboo-'Adnán, TA:) the person thus alluded to was a man who was among a people that gave him a morning-draught, after which he arose and quitted them, and was taken by another people, who said to him, “ Guide us to the place where thou wast; ” to which he replied, “I have passed the night in the bare desert: ” but presently he sat down to make water, so they knew that he had passed the night with a people near by; and by his means they found their way to them, and exterminated them: (IAar, TA:) or the prov. is أَكْذَبُ مِنَ الأَخِدِ الصَّبْحَانِ More lying than the young unweaned camel that has satisfied its thirst with drinking [its mother's milk in the morning]; which [seems to be thirsty but] will not drink of its mother's milk when one desires it to do so: (IAar, Sh, TA:) or, accord. to Fr, than the young unweaned camel that is affected with indigestion, or heaviness of the stomach, from drinking much milk, and therefore craves for milk again. (Meyd. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov.: he seems to have followed a faulty text.]) b2: Also the fem., صَبْحَى, A she-camel that has been milked [app. in the morning]. (Meyd, in his Proverbs, under the letter ص; and TA.) A2: See also صَبِيحٌ.

صَبَحَانٌ A man who hastens to take the morning-draught, or what is termed the صَبُوح. (K.) صَبَاحٌ: see صُبْحٌ. b2: Also (Msb) Contr. of مَسَآءٌ, (S, A, Msb,) and so ↓ صَبِيحَةٌ, (S,) [and ↓ أُصْبُوحَةٌ (as in a phrase following in this paragraph), and ↓ مَصْبَحٌ, (see this last word,)] i. e. Morning, or forenoon, counted from sunrise to noon: (Msb and TA in art. مسو:) or, accord. to some, from midnight to noon: (TA in art. مسو:) or, accord. to the Arabs, from the beginning of the latter half of the night to the time when the sun declines from the meridian; then commences the مَسَآء, extending to the end of the former half of the night; thus expl. by Th; so says El-Jawá- leekee. (Msb.) The Arabs say, when they regard a man, &c., as ominous of evil, صَبَاحُ اللّٰهِ لَا صَبَاحُكَ [God's morning: not thy morning]: and if you will, you may say, صَبَاحَ اللّٰهِ لَا صَبَاحَكَ. (Lh, TA.) And عِمْ صَبَاحًا, (S,) or عِمُوا صَبَاحًا, (K,) lit. imperative, but meaning a prayer, i. e. May thy life, or your life, be pleasant during the morning, (Har p. 32, and TA * in arts. نعم and وعم,) is a salutation of the people of the Time of Ignorance. (TA.) One says also, لَقِيتُهُ صَبَاحًا, and ذَا صَبَاحٍ, (S,) or أَتَيْتُهُ ذَا صَبَاحٍ, (K,) which [i. e. ذا صباح] is only used adverbially, (Sb, S, K,) except in the dial. of Khath'am, (Sb, S,) meaning [I met him, or I came to him,] in a morning, [or] between daybreak and sunrise: (K:) the following verse (S, TA) by Anas Ibn-Nuheyk, of Khath'am, (TA,) or, as some say, by Iyás Ibn-Mudrikeh El-Hanafee, (so in a marg. note in a copy of the S,) presents an exception to the adverbial usage: عَزَمْتُ عَلَى إِقَامَةِ ذِى صَبَاحٍ

لِأَمْرٍ مَّا يُسَوَّدُ مَنْ يَسُودُ (S, TA:) the poet means, I determined to stay until the time of the صباح [i. e. either dawn or forenoon]: for it is on account of some particular thing, i. e. some good quality, or some praiseworthy thing, that he is made a chief who becomes a chief: thus Ibn-Es-Seeráfee explains this verse. (TA.) And one says, ↓ أَتَيْتُهُ ذَا صَبُوحٍ, not used otherwise than adverbially, meaning the same as ذَا صَبَاحٍ, expl. above; (K;) and ↓ ذَاتَ الصَّبُوحِ in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise: (IAar, TA:) or ↓ ذَا صَبُوحٍ [properly means] in a time of drinking the [morning-draught called]

صَبُوح. (TA.) And يَوْمِ كَذَا ↓ أَتَيْتُهُ صَبِيحَةَ [I came to him in the dawn, or in the morning, or forenoon, of such a day]: (A:) and ↓ أُصْبُوحَةَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ [in the morning of every day]; and in like manner, أُمْسِيَّةَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ. (S.) And أَتَيْتُهُ صَبَاحَ مَسَآءَ, (Sb, A, TA,) for صَبَاحًا وَمَسَآءً, [I came to him morning and evening,] meaning every morning and evening: (Sharh esh-Shudhoor, p.

31:) the two nouns are thus constructed by some of the Arabs, after the manner of خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ: but some prefix the former noun to the other, putting the latter in the gen. case, except when the expression is used as a denotative of state, or adverbially: (TA:) [or, accord. to IHsh,] صَبَاحَ مَسَآءٍ is allowable as [an adverbial expression] meaning صَبَاحَ ذَا مَسَآءٍ [lit. in a morning having an evening, or in a forenoon having an afternoon]; and a similar instance occurs in the Kur, ch. lxxix. last verse. (Sharh esh-Shudhoor, ubi suprà.) b3: يَوْمُ الصَّبَاحِ means (tropical:) The day of the hostile, or predatory, incursion. (S, A, K.) The Arabs, when suddenly attacked in the morning by a troop of horsemen, cry aloud, يَا صَبَاحَاهْ (assumed tropical:) [O! a hostile, or predatory, incursion!]; warning the whole tribe: (TA:) this is said by him who calls for aid: (JM:) for they generally made a hostile, or predatory, incursion in the morning: (TA, JM:) or, as some say, the two conflicting parties used, when night came, to abstain; and when day returned, they recommenced; so that the case is as though he who said thus meant, The time of the صَبَاح [or morning] has come, therefore prepare yourselves for fighting. (JM.) صُبَاحٌ The شُعلَة [or lighted wick] of a قِنْدِيل [or lamp]. (K.) [See also مِصْبَاحٌ.]

A2: And I. q.

صَبِيحٌ, q. v. (Ks, S, K.) صَبُوحٌ A morning draught; i. e. a draught, drink, or potation, that is drunk in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise, (S, A, Msb, TA,) and afterwards, before noon; (TA;) contr. of غَبُوقٌ: (S, A:) and whatever is eaten, or drunk, in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise; contr. of غَبُوقٌ: (TA:) [and particularly] milk that is drunk at that time: (AHeyth, L:) milk, or wine, that is drunk at that time: or what is drunk at that time hot: (L:) milk that is milked at that time: (K:) and شَرَاب [i. e. beverage, or wine,] that people have, (K, TA,) and drink, (TA,) in the morning: (K, TA:) pl. صَبَائِحُ. (TA.) أَعَنْ صَبُوحٍ تُرَقِّقُ [Dost thou make a delicate allusion to a morningdraught?] is a prov., [the origin of which is expl. in art. رق, q. v.,] applied to him who speaks obscurely, not plainly; and to him who alludes ambiguously to some great thing or affair; and to him who by blandishing expressions makes a thing incumbent on thee which is not really so. (TA.) b2: See also صَبَاحٌ, in three places. b3: Accord. to Lth, it signifies [absolutely] Wine. (T, TA.) b4: And The quantity of milk of a camel that is drawn at dawn, or in the first part of day; and so ↓ صُبْحَةٌ. (TA.) A2: Also A she-camel that is milked at dawn, or in the forenoon, (Lh, AHeyth, K,) or in the morning, or first part of day, before sunrise; and so with ة. (K.) صَبِيحٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ صُبَاحٌ (Ks, S, K) and ↓ صُبَّاحٌ and ↓ صَبْحَانُ (K) Beautiful, comely, (S, A, Mgh, K,) pretty, or elegant; (S, A, K;) as some say, peculiarly in the face; (TA;) or applied to the face: (A:) or bright (Msb, TA) in the face: (Msb:) the first is expl. by Lth as signifying fair of face: fem. صَبِيحَةٌ and صُبَاحَةٌ: and the pl. of صَبِيحٌ and صُبَاحٌ, and of their fems. here mentioned, is صِبَاحٌ. (L. TA.) صَبَاحَةٌ Beauty, comeliness, prettiness, or elegance; (S, A, K;) as some say, peculiarly in the face: (TA:) or brightness in the face: (Msb:) it is said that صَبَاحَة is in the face; وَضَآءَة, in the skin; جَمَال, in the nose; حَلَاوَة, in the eye; مَلَاحَة, in the mouth; ظَرْف, in the tongue; رَشَاقَة, in the stature; لَبَاقَة, in the qualities of the mind; and that the completion of beauty is in the hair. (L, TA.) [See 1, last sentence.]

صَبِيحَةٌ: see صُبْحٌ: and صَبَاحٌ, in two places.

صُبَاحِىٌّ Intensely red blood: (K, TA:) from

أَصْبَحُ signifying one “ whose hair is overspread with redness. ” (TA.) A2: أَسِنَّةٌ صُبَاحِيَّةٌ Wide spear-heads. (K, TA. [In the CK the latter word is without teshdeed.]) ISd says, I know not the person or thing in relation whereto they are thus called. (TA.) [See also مِصْبَاحٌ.]

صُبَّاحٌ: see صَبِيحٌ.

صَابِحٌ [Giving to drink a morning-draught, or what is termed a صَبُوح: act. part. n. of 1, q. v.: see also Ham p. 66. And] One who waters his camels in the morning, between day-break and sunrise. (TA. [See صَبْحَةٌ.]) b2: And (assumed tropical:) One who makes a hostile, or predatory, incursion upon a people in the morning; as though he made it to be to them a صَبُوح. (Ham p. 66.) b3: الحَقُّ الصَّابِحُ (tropical:) The plain, manifest, clear, truth. (K, * TA.) أَصْبَحُ Of a black colour inclining to redness: (K:) or having redness intermixed in his black hair: (Sh, TA:) or whose hair, or beard, has a red hue overspreading it: (Aboo-Nasr, Sh, TA:) or having hair intensely red: (TA:) it is nearly the same as أَصْهَبُ: (Lth, S:) and is an epithet applied to a man and to a lion: (S:) and to hair as meaning having whiteness naturally intermixed in it with redness; (K, TA;) of whatever kind it be: (TA:) fem. صَبْحَآءُ: (K:) and pl. صُبْحٌ: (TA:) and hence [accord. to some] ↓ الصُّبْحُ meaning “ the dawn; ” for, as Az says, the colour of the true dawn inclines a little to redness. (TA.) [Hence, because of his colour,] الأَصْبَحُ signifies The lion. (K.) In the phrase أُسُودٌ صُبْحٌ, the epithet is added as a corroborative. (Z, TA.) b2: And the fem., صَبْحَآءُ signifies A female conspicuous, or clear, or fair, in the جَبِين [or side of the forehead]. (TA.) أَصْبَحِىٌّ A whip: (S, K:) and سِيَاطٌ أَصْبَحِيَّةٌ certain whips: (AO, S, TA:) so called in relation to ذُو أَصْبَحَ, one of the Kings of El-Yemen, (AO, S, K, TA,) of Himyer. (TA.) إِصْبَاحٌ: see صُبْحٌ, in two places. b2: It is said to signify also Darkness; contr. of صُبْحٌ, which is its primary signification: and accord. to EshShereeshee, redness of the hair. (Har p. 284.) أُصْبُوحَةٌ: see صَبَاحٌ, in two places.

تَصْبِيحٌ The morning meal, that is eaten between daybreak and sunrise; syn. غَدَآءٌ: (A, K:) a subst. of the measure تَفْعِيلٌ, (K, TA,) similar to تَرْعِيبٌ &c.: pl. تَصَابِيحُ. (A, TA.) One says, قَرَّبَ إِلَى الضُّيُوفِ تَصَابِيحَهُمْ [He brought near to the guests, or put before them, their early morning-meals]. (A, TA.) مَصْبَحٌ, (S, Msb, and some copies of the K,) formed from the unaugmented verb, (S, Msb,) and ↓ مُصْبَحٌ, (S, Msb, K,) formed from the augmented verb أَصْبَحَ, (S, Msb,) The place of entering upon the time of morning called صَبَاح: and the time of entering upon the same: (S, Msb, K:) or the former signifies i. q. صَبَاحٌ, and the time thereof, and the place thereof. (Marg. note in a copy of the S.) See also صَبَاحٌ.

مُصْبَحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph: and see also صُبْحٌ, in two places.

مِصْبَحٌ: see the paragraph here following, in four places.

مِصْبَاحٌ A lamp: or its lighted wick: syn. سِرَاجٌ: (S, K:) the latter is the proper meaning (L) [though not the more usual], and is the meaning intended in the Kur xxiv. 35, (Bd, L, Jel,) or a large, bright, or brilliant, سِرَاج: (Bd:) and ↓ مِصْبَحٌ signifies a lamp: (L:) [the pl. of this is مَصَابِحُ: and] the pl. of مِصْبَاحٌ is مَصَابِيحُ. (Msb.) — مَصَابِيحُ النُّجُومِ means أَعْلَامُ الكَوَاكِبِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) The stars, or asterisms, that are signs of the way to travellers]. (L, TA.) A2: Also A large [drinking-vessel of the kind called] قَدَح; (AHn, K;) and so ↓ مِصْبَحٌ: (K:) or مَصَابِيحُ [the pl. of the former] signifies the [vessels called] أَقْدَاح [pl. of قَدَح] with which one drinks the morning-draught called صَبُوح. (S.) b2: And A she-camel that remains in the morning in the place where she has lain down, (S, K, TA,) not going forth to pasture, (S, TA,) until the sun has risen high, (S, K, TA,) by reason of her strength (K, TA) and her fatness: (TA:) the quality thus described is approved: (As, S, TA:) and such a she-camel is also termed ↓ مِصْبَحٌ: pl. of the former as above. (TA.) b3: And A wide spear-head; (K, TA;) [app. of such as are termed أَسِنَّةٌ صُبَاحِيَّةٌ;] as also ↓ مِصْبَحٌ. (TA.) مُصْطَبِحٌ Drinking a morning-draught, or what is termed a صَبُوح. (S, K. [See also صَبْحَانُ, first sentence.])

خلف

1 خَلَفَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلْفٌ, He came after, followed, succeeded, or remained after, another, or another that had perished or died. (TA.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 168 and xix. 60], فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ (TA) And there hath succeeded them, or come after them, [a posterity, or] an evil posterity. (Bd in xix. 60.) And خَلَفَهُ He came after him, (S, A in art. دبر, Mgh, Msb, TA,) or behind him, (A ubi suprà, Mgh,) or following him nearly; (A ubi suprà;) inf. n. as above, (Mgh, TA,) and خِلْفَةٌ also: (Mgh:) or he remained after him: (K:) and ↓ جَآءَ خِلَافَهُ likewise signifies [the same as جآء خَلْفَهُ; an inf. n. of خَالَفَ being thus used as an adv. n.; i. e.] he came after him. (TA.) You say also, خَلَفَ اللَّيْلُ النَّهَارَ, inf. n. خَلْفٌ and خِلْفَةٌ, The night followed, or came after, the day. (MA.) b2: [Hence,] خَلَفْتُهُ, [aor. as above,] inf. n. خَلْفٌ, [perhaps a mistranscription for خَلَفَ,] I was, after him, a substitute for him: (TA:) [I supplied his place: and I superseded him.] And خَلَفَهُ, (aor. as above, TA,) inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) and خَلَفٌ (TA) and خِلِّيقَى, (S, * K, * TA,) which last is an inf. n. of the intensive kind, (Sgh, MF, TA,) He was, or became, his خَلِيفَة [i. e. successor, or vice-agent, &c.], (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or his substitute; (TA;) فِى قَوْمِهِ [among, or in respect of, his people], (S, TA,) and أَهْلِهِ [his family]; relating to good and to evil; wherefore one says, أَوْصَى لَهُ بِالخِلَافَةِ [he charged him by his will with the being his successor, or vice-agent, &c.]; (TA;) or عَلَى أَهْلِهِ وَمَالِهِ [over his family and his property]: (Msb:) and ↓ اختفلهُ signifies the same; (Lh, Ibn-'Abbád, K;) he was, or became, his خَلِيفَة (Ibn-'Abbád, TA) after him. (Ibn-'Abbád, TA.) And خَلَفَ فُلَانًا [alone] He was, or became, the خَلِيفَةٌ of such a one among, or in respect of, his family (K, TA) and his children. (TA.) And خَلَفَهُ رَبُّهُ فِى أَهْلِهِ (K, TA) and وَلَدِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ, (K,) His Lord was [for him] a خَلِيفَة [or supplier of his place] to his family (K, TA) and his children. (TA. [In the CK, اخلف is made to signify the same; but this is in consequence of an omission.]) And one says, خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ May God be to to thee a خَلِيفَة [or supplier of the place] (S, Msb, K) of thy father; (S, Msb,) or of the one whom thou hast lost: (S, Msb, K:) thus one says to one who has lost by death his father (S, Msb, K) or mother (K) or paternal uncle (S, Msb) or any other who cannot be replaced: (Msb, K:) and خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا, (K,) or بِخَيْرٍ, (Az, Msb, K,) or both, (L,) and خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ لَكَ بِخَيْرٍ, (Az, Msb,) and اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا ↓ أَخْلَفَ and لَكَ خَيْرًا: (K: [in which it is implied that these phrases mean May God supply to thee well the place of him whom thou hast lost: but it is implied in the Msb that the two of them there mentioned mean May God restore to thee good in the place of that which has gone from thee: and it appears from what here follows that all of these phrases have the latter meaning, whether or not they have the former meaning also:]) to him who has lost property or a child or a thing [of any other kind] of which the replacement may be asked, (S,) or to him of whom that which may be replaced has perished, or died, (K,) one says, اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ ↓ أَخْلَفَ (S, Msb, K) May God restore to thee the like of that which has gone from thee, (S, Msb,) or may God restore to thee what has gone from thee; (K in a later part of the art.;) and اللّٰه لَكَ ↓ اخلف; and خَلَفَ اللّٰه لك : or خَلَفَ اللّٰه عَلَيْكَ is allowable in relation to property and the like; and يَخْلَفُ, like يَمْنَعُ is allowable as its aor. , though extr., (K,) as it has no faucial letter to occasion the fet-h: (TA:) and one says also, خَلَفَ اللّٰهُ لَكَ بِخَيْرٍ meaning May God give thee good in the place of that which has gone from thee; (TA;) and عَلَيْكَ خَيْرًا ↓ اخلف, (Msb, TA,) meaning the same; (TA;) and [so] لَكَ خَيْرًا ↓ اخلف and بِخَيْرٍ: and اللّٰهُ عَلَيْكَ مَالَكَ ↓ اخلف and لَكَ مَالَكَ [May God restore, or replace, to thee thy property]. (Msb.) خَلَفَ أَبَاهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) means He became behind his father; (K;) and if so, its inf. n. is خَلْفٌ: (TA:) or it means he became in the place of his father; (K;) and if so, its inf. n. is خَلَفٌ: (TA:) and خَلَفَ مَكَانَ أَبِيهِ, inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ (K) and خَلَفٌ, (TA,) he became in the place of his father, exclusively of every other. (K.) You say also, خَلَفَتِ الفَاكِهَةِ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا, (JK, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ, (JK, TA,) or خَلَفٌ, (TA, [the former being there altered to the latter (which is the more probably correct), or the latter to the former,]) and خِلْفَةٌ, (JK, TA,) The fruit replaced other fruit; or became substituted for other fruit. (JK, * K,* TA. [In the CK, صَارَ خَلْفًا is erroneously put for صَارَتْ خَلَفًا.]) And خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانَةَ, inf. n. خِلَافَةٌ, [like عَقَبَ عَلَيْهَا,] Such a man took as his wife such a woman after another husband [and thus supplied his place]. (Z, TA.) b3: خَلَفَ ُلَانًا, (aor.

خَلُفَ, TA,) He took, or seized, such a one from behind him; (JK, * K;) as also ↓ اختلفهُ. (TA.) And hence, (TA,) خَلَفَ لَهُ بِالسَّيْفِ (JK, TA) He came to him from behind him, and smote his neck, or struck off his head, with the sword. (TA.) b4: خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ بِعَقِبِى [is explained as meaning] Such a one stayed, or abode, after me. (Msb in art. عقب) [But] b5: خَلَفَ بِعَقَبِ فُلَانٍ is said by some to mean إِلَى ↓ خَالَفَهُ

أَهْلِهِ [q. v.]: accord. to As, however, it means He parted with such a one on the condition of doing a certain thing, and then came behind him [or behind his back] and did another thing after parting with him: and Az says that this is a more correct explanation than the former one. (TA.) [Hence, app.,] one says also, إِنَّ امْرَأَةَ فُلَانٍ

تَخْلُفُ زَوْجَهَا بِالنِّزَاعِ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ إِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا [Verily the wife of such a one is unfaithful to her husband by yearning towards another when he is absent from her: or deceives her husband behind his back by yearning towards another; for it is implied, by an ex. given, that اذا غاب عنها is added by way of explanation]. (TA.) خَلَفَهُ also signifies He spoke of him, or mentioned him, [behind his back, or] when he was not present: so in the phrase, خَلَفَهُ بِخَيْرٍ or بِشَرٍّ [He spoke of him behind his back well or ill]. (TA.) And one says, يَخْلُفُ النَّاسَ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ [meaning He defames men behind their backs]: the action signified hereby is like غِيبَةٌ, and may be [by making signs] with the side of the mouth, and with the eye, and with the head. (TA in art. همز.) b6: خَلَفَ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ He remained behind, or after, his companions; did not go forth with them; as also أَصْحَابِهِ ↓ قَعَدَ خِلَافَ [similar to a phrase mentioned near the beginning of this art.]; (TA;) i. q. ↓ تخلّف; (K in explanation of the former phrase;) which is syn. with تَأَخَّرَ; (S, K;) as in the phrase تخلّف عَنِّى [which means He remained behind me, or after me]; (S;) [for] تخلّف عَنْهُ means بَقِىَ خَلْفَهُ; (Mgh;) and [in like manner] you say, تخلّف عَنِ لاقَوْمِ He remained behind, or after, the people, or party, not going with them; [he held back, or hung back, from them;] and ↓ قَعَدْتُ خِلَافَهُ [i. e. I remained] behind him, or after him; (Msb;) and ↓ خالف عَنَّا He remained behind us, or after us; syn. ↓ تخلّف. (TA, from a trad.) It is said in the Kur [xvii. 78], إِلَّا قَلِيلًا ↓ وَ إِذَا لَا يَلْبَثُونَ خِلَافَكَ, i. e. [But in that case they should not have remained] after thee [save a little while]: (JK, TA: *) so accord. to one reading [instead of خَلْفَكَ, which means the same]. (TA.) And in like manner, رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ ↓ فَرِحَ المُخَلَّفُونَ بِمَقْعَدِهِمْ خِلَافَ, in the Kur [ix. 82], means [Those who were left behind rejoiced in their remaining] behind the Apostle of God: (S, TA:) or the meaning here is, مُخَالَفَةَ رسول اللّٰه [i. e. in disagreement with the Apostle of God]: (JK, S:) thus says Lh; but IB disagrees with him; saying that خلاف here means بَعْدَ; and cites six exs. in which it has this meaning, from poets. (TA.) b7: [Hence,] خَلَفَ فُلَانٌ عَنْ كُلِّ خَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one was, or became, kept back from all good; i. e.,] did not prosper, or was not successful. (TA. [It is there added, that it is explained in the A as tropical, and as meaning تَغَيَّرَ وَفَسَدَ: but this is perhaps a mistake, occasioned by the accidental omission of وَخَلَفَ اللَّبَنُ or the like, of which this is a correct explanation: or the phrase thus explained in the TA, as from the A, may correctly mean He became altered for the worse, and corrupt; agreeably with other explanations of the verb below.]) b8: خَلَفَ, aor. ـُ also signifies He (a man) retired, withdrew, or went away or apart. (JK.) and خَلَفَتْ نَفْسَهُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (assumed tropical:) His soul turned away from, avoided, or shunned, the food, in consequence of disease. (JK, TA.) b9: And He fled. (Ham p. 411.) b10: And He (a man, Sgh) ascended a mountain. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also 2, first sentence.

A3: خَلَفَ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـُ (Lh, Msb, TA, and Ham p. 679,) [inf. n. خُلُوفٌ,] said of the taste of water, It was, or became, different from, or contrary to, what it was thought to be: and [hence,] it was, or became, altered [for the worse]: (Ham ubi suprà:) [and] said of milk, (S, K,) and of food, (Lh, S, Msb, K,) and the like, (Lh, TA,) and some say خَلُفَ, (TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (Lh, TA,) of both verbs, (TA,) it was, or became, altered [ for the worse] (Lh, S, Msb, K) in taste, or in odour; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اخلف: or, said of milk, the first signifies it became bad from being long kept; or, as in the A, (tropical:) what was good thereof became mixed (خُلِفَ, i. e. خُلِطَ,) with other milk: and ↓ اخلف, said of milk, signifies also it was, or became, sour: (TA:) and the first, said of [the beverage called] نَبِيذ, it became bad. (K.) Also, inf. n. خُلُوفٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and خُلُوفَةٌ (K) and خِلْفَةٌ, (L, TA,) said of the mouth (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of a person fasting, (S, Msb, K,) It was, or became, altered [for the worse] in odour; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ اخلف. (S, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad. that the خُلُوف of the mouth of one who is fasting is sweeter in the estimation of God than the odour of musk: or, accord. to some of the lawyers and of the relaters of traditions, خَلُوف; but [SM says,] I think this to be a mistake, as several affirm it to be, while others say that it is of a bad dial. : accord. to one reading, it is خِلْفَة. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خَلَفَ عَنْ خُلُقِ أَبِيهِ, (K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, altered [for the worse] from the natural disposition of his father. (K, TA.) b3: And خَلَفَ, (ISk, S, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ [or خُلُوفٌ]; or خَلْفَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خَلَافَةٌ and خُلُوفٌ; (TA;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, bad, or corrupt. (ISk, S, K, TA.) b4: And خَلَفَ, (K) inf. n. خَلَافَةٌ (IAth, K) and خُلُوفٌ, (K,) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) was, or became, stupid, or foolish; or one who had little, or no, intellect or understanding: (K, * TA:) or unprofitable: or a frequent promise-breaker: (IAth:) or خَلَفَ and ↓ اخلف, said of a slave, he was, or became, idiotic, deficient in intellect, or bereft of his intellect. (JK.) A4: خَلَفَ, (K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ; (S, * K, * TA;) and ↓ اخلف, and ↓ استخلف; (S, K;) He drew water, (S, K, TA,) لِأَهْلِهِ for his family: [app. because he who does so leaves his family behind him: see 2, first sentence:] (K, TA:) [or] ↓ استخلف, said of a man, signifies اِسْتَعْذَبَ المَآء [app. as meaning he sought, or drew, or brought, sweet water: see art. عذب]: and, accord. to IAar, you say, القَوْمَ ↓ أَخْلَفْتُ, meaning properly I carried sweet water to the people, or party, when they were in the [season, or herbage, called] رَبِيع and without sweet water, or when they were by salt water: إِخْلَافٌ [as meaning the carrying, or drawing, of water,] being [properly] only in the ربيع: in other cases, metaphorically applied. (TA.) El-Hoteíäh says, ↓ لِزُغْبٍ كَأَوْلَادِ القَطَا رَاثَ خَلْفُهَا عَلَى عَاجِزَاتِ النَّهْضِ حُمْرٍ حَوَاصِلُهْ (assumed tropical:) [To, or for, downy ones, like the young ones of the katà, whose procurer of water has been slow in coming to those lacking the power of spreading their wings for flight, red in their crops]: he means ↓ مِخْلِفُهَا [or خَالِفُهَا], and has put in the place of this the inf. n.: and by حواصله, accord. to Ks, he means حَوَاصِلُ مَا ذَكْرْنَا [the crops of what we have mentioned]: but Fr says that the ه relates to the زغب, exclusively of the عاجزات, which [latter] has the sign of the pl. ; for every pl. that has the form of a sing. may be imagined to be a sing., as in the saying of the poet, مِثْلُ الفِرَاخِ نُتِفَتْ حَوَاصِلُهْ [meaning “ like the young birds of which the crops have been plucked ”]; for الفراخ has not the sign of the pl., but has the form of a sing., like الكِتَاب and الحِجَاب: another says, [but this is very far-fetched,] that the ه relates to النهض, which [sometimes] means a place in the shoulderblade of the camel; and that the poet has used it metaphorically as belonging to the قطا. (S.) A5: خَلَفَ الثَّوْبَ, (S,) or القَمِيصَ, aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَلْفٌ (Kr, TA) and خُلْفَةٌ, in some copies of the K خَلْفَةٌ, [so in my MS. copy of the K, and so in the TK,] and [in some] خُلَفٌ also, but these require consideration, (TA,) He took out from the garment, or shirt, the part that was worn out, (S, Msb, K,) that is, the middle part, which was worn out, (S, Msb,) and then sewed the [cut] edges together. (S, Msb, K.) and الثَّوْبَ ↓ اخلف signifies the same as خَلَفَهُ, i. e. He repaired the garment [app. in any manner, or, as is implied in the S and TA, by substituting one piece for another]. (S, K, TA.) b2: The saying, in a trad. of Hamneh, فَإِذَا خَلَفَتْ ذٰلِكَ فَلْتَغْتَسِلْ, meaning (assumed tropical:) And when she has discriminated that period of days and nights during which she has been حَائِض, [she shall perform a complete ablution of herself,] is from خَلَفَ القَمِيص signifying as explained above. (Msb.) A6: خَلَفَ signifies also He mixed [a thing with another thing; as, for instance, (see خُلِفَ in a passage above,) milk with other milk]: and he mixed saffron, and medicine, with water. (TA.) A7: خَلَفَ بَيْتَهُ He put to, or made for, his tent, a pole, (K, TA,) termed a خَالِفَة, (TA,) in the hinder part thereof. (K TA.) A8: خَلِفَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. خَلَفٌ, (S, K,) He (a camel) inclined towards one side. (S, K.) b2: خَلَفٌ is also an inf. n. (of خَلِفَ, said of a man, TK) signifying The being أَخْلَف as meaning contrarious, hard in disposition, as though going with a leaning towards one side: b3: and the being left-handed: b4: and the being أَحْوَل [or squint-eyed]. (K.) A9: خَلِفَتْ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. خَلَفٌ, (Msb, TA,) She (a camel) was, or became, pregnant. (Msb, K.) 2 خلّفهُ, (Msb,) and خلّفهُ وَرَآءَهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. تَخْلِيفٌ, (TA,) He left him behind him; (Msb;) namely, a man: (S, Msb, TA:) and ↓ خَلَفَهُ [signifies the same: or] he made him to be behind him; as also ↓ اخلفهُ [q.v.], and ↓ اختلفهُ: (TA:) [whence the saying,] أَلْحَحْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ

↓ فِى الاِتِبَاعِ حَتَّى اخْتَلَفْتُهُ i. e. [I pressed upon such a one in following] until I made him to be behind me. (ISk, TA.) You say also, خَلَّفَهُمْ, inf. n. as above, meaning He was, or became, or went, before them; and left them behind him. (TA.) And خلّفوا أَثْقالَهُم, inf. n. as above, They left their loads, or baggage &c., behind their backs; (O, K;) when they went away to draw water. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] خلّفهُ He made him, or appointed him, his خَلِيفَة [i. e. successor, or vice-agent, &c.]; (K;) and so ↓ استخلفهُ. (S, Msb, K.) So in the Kur [xxiv. 54], ↓ لَيَسْتَخِلَفَنَّهُمْ فِى الْأَرْضِ كَمَا اسْتَخْلَفَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ [That He will assuredly make them to be successors in the earth, like as He made to be successors those who were before them]. (TA.) A2: خلّف بِنَاقَتِهِ, (S, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He bound one of the teats of his she-camel with the thing termed صِرَار [in order that her young one might not suck it]: (S, K:) from Yaakoob. (S.) 3 خالفهُ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) inf. n. خِلَافٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) and مُخَالَفَةٌ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) He [or it] disagreed with, or differed from, him [or it]; or he dissented from him; (Mgh, Msb;) contr. of وَافَقَهُ; فِى كَذَا [in, or in respect of, such a thing]: (Mgh:) and he, or it, was contrary, opposed, or repugnant, to him, or it: (TA:) [and he acted contrarily, contrariously, adversely, or in opposition, to him, or it; he, or it, contravened, or opposed, him, or it:] and he [or it] contradicted him [or it]. (M in art. نقض.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّمَا أَنْتَ خِلَافَ الضَّبُعِ الرَّاكِبَ, i. e. تُخَالِفُ خِلَافَ الضَّبُعِ [Verily thou art one who acts with the contrariousness of the hyena towards the rider]: for the hyena [attacks a man on foot, but], when it sees the rider, flees from him. (IAar, TA.) You say also, خَالَفَنِى عَنْ كَذَا He turned away from such a thing [in opposition to me, or] when I betook myself to it: [see also the last sentence but one of the first paragraph of art. بهت:] and خالفنى إِلَى كَذَا He betook himself to such a thing [in opposition to me, or] when I turned away from it: (Mgh:) or خالفهُ إِلَى

الشَّىْءِ means he disobeyed him by betaking himself to the thing; or betook himself to the thing after he had forbidden him it. (TA.) And hence, (Mgh,) هُوَ يُخَالِفُ إِلَى امْرَأَةِ فُلَانٍ, (S, Mgh, *) or إِلَى فُلَانَةَ, (O, L, TA,) in the K erroneously, هو يخالف فُلَانَةَ, (TA,) He comes to the wife of such a one when he [the latter] is absent from her, (S,) or to such a woman when her husband is absent from her: (Mgh, * O, L, K, TA:) and خالفهُ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ [he came to his (another's) wife in his (the husband's) absence]: see 1, in the former half of the paragraph. (Az, TA.) And خالفهُ

إِلَيْهِمْ He watched to see him, and, when he was absent from them, namely, his family, he went in to them: (JM, O, TA:) and, accord. to Az, فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ ↓ اخلف Such a one watched to see his companion, and, when he was absent, he came, and went in to him [or rather to his wife or to his family]: (TA:) [or] صَاحِبَهُ ↓ خالف he watched to see his companion, and, when he was absent, went in to his wife: (K, and the like is said in the JK:) thus says IDrd, on the authority of Az. (TA.) And خالف إِلَى قَوْمٍ He came to a party, or company of men, from behind them [or behind their backs]: or he feigned to them the contrary of that which he conceived in his mind, and took them unawares. (TA.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, [describing a collector of wild honey,] إِذَا لَسَعَتْهُ النَّحْلُ لَمْ يَرْجُ لَسْعَهَا وَخَالَفَهَا فِى بَيْتِ نُوبٍ عَوَاسِلِ (S in the present art., in which only the former hemistich is cited, and in art. رجو,) i. e. [When the bees sting him,] he fears not nor minds [their stinging], (S in art. رجو) [but comes, during their absence, to the hiving-place of bees occupied in gathering honey:] meaning, he comes to their honey, (S, TA, [in the latter of which, in the place of النحل, is put الدَّبْرُ “ the swarm of bees,”]) and takes it, (TA,) while they are feeding; (S, TA;) or, as AA says, he comes behind them to the honey while they are absent: AO explains it by خَالَفَهَا إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ آخَرَ which [he says] meanshe keeps with them [to another place]; syn. لَازَمَهَا; [and thus this phrase (which is strangely misinterpreted in the TK and in Freytag's Lexicon) is explained in the K, but without any reference to the verse;] as also حَالَفَهَا, with the unpointed ح: (TA:) and some read the verse thus; but this reading is said to be a mistake. (TA in art. حلف.) b2: جَآءَ خِلَافَهُ: see 1, near the beginning of the paragraph. And see also five other exs. in the middle portion of the same paragraph. b3: خالف بَيْنَ رِجْلَيْهِ He put one of his legs forward and the other backward: and [hence,] المُخَالَفَةُ بَيْنَ الرِّجْلَيْنِ [as signifying the alternate shifting of the legs to and fro] is metonymically used as meaning the act of dancing. (Har p. 108.) [And خالف بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ He put, or placed, the two things contrariwise; or on contrary sides; or in contrary directions. Hence,] أَوْ تُقَطَّعَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَأَرْجُلُهُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, in the Kur v. 37, [Or that their hands and their feet shall be cut off on contrary sides,] means that their right hands and left feet shall be cut off. (Bd, Jel. [See also similar exs. in the Kur vii. 121 and xx. 74 and xxvi. 49.]) [Hence also,] فَرَسٌ بِهِ شِكَالٌ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, (JK,) or ذُو خَدَمَتَانِ مِنْ خِلَافٍ, (TA,) A horse having a whiteness in his right fore leg and his left hind leg [or the reverse]: (JK, TA:) and some say, لَهُ خَدَمَتَانِ مِنْ خِلَافٍ when he has a whiteness [or rather a ring of white a little above the hoof] in his fore leg [or right fore leg] and another in his left fore leg [probably a mistake of a copyist for his left hind leg]. (TA.) 4 اخلفهُ: see 2, first sentence. Also He put him, turned him, or made him to go back or stand back, behind him. (K, TA.) And اخلف يَدَهُ He put his hand behind him. (Az, TA.) and also, (Fr, TA,) or اخلف بِيَدِهِ إِلَى السَّيْفِ, (JK,) or simply اخلف [used elliptically], (S, K,) He put [back] his hand to his sword, (Fr, S, K, TA,) in order to draw it, (JK, S, K, TA,) it being hung behind him. (Fr, * TA.) And اخلف السَّيْفَ [He hung the sword behind him; or kept it hung behind him]: said, in a trad., of a man on the day of Bedr. (TA.) And اخلف عَنِ البَعِيرِ [ for اخلف عَنْهُ الحَقَبَ] He shifted [backwards] the hind girth of the camel, putting it next to his testicles, on account of its hurting the sheath of his penis, and causing a suppression of his urine; (As, S, K;) as also اخلف البَعِيرَ: (TA:) or you say only, أَخْلِفِ الحَقَبَ, meaning remove thou the hind girth from the sheath of the penis. (Lh, TA.) And اخلف الدَّابَّةَ بِالسَّوْطِ He struck the beast on the hinder part with the whip. (JK.) b2: اخلف البَازِلَ [He (a camel) exceeded in age the بازل, which is generally one that has entered his ninth year: as though he made the بازل to be behind him: and so, app., اخلف alone; البَازِلَ being understood: see مُخْلِفٌ]. El-Jaadee says, أَخْلَفَ البَازِلَ عَامًا أَوْ بَزَلْ أَيِّدِ الكَاهِلِ جَلْدٍ بَازِلٍ

[Strong in the withers, hardy, a بازل; that has exceeded in age him who has just become a بازل by a year, or that has himself just become a بازل]. (S, TA.) Some say that الإِخْلَافُ is [a term denoting] the last of the ages [that have words to signify them] with respect to all beasts. (TA.) b3: اخلف فُلَانٌ صَاحِبَهُ: see 3, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: اخلفهُ مَا وَعَدَهُ, (S,) or مَوْعِدَهُ, (Mgh,) or وَعْدَهُ, (Msb,) or الوَعْدَ, (K,) inf. n. إِخْلَافٌ, (Mgh,) He broke, (Mgh,) or failed to perform, (S, K,) his promise, or the promise, to him: (S, Mgh, K:) restricted to future time: (Msb:) الإِخْلَافُ is, in respect of the future, like الكَذِبُ in respect of the past: (S, K:) or the making a promise and not fulfilling it: (Lh, K:) and some say that it signifies one's seeking an object of want, or water, and not finding it. (TA.) It is said in a trad., إِذَا وَعَدَ أَخْلَفَ, i. e. When he promises, he does not fulfil his promise, and is not true [to it]. (TA.) [Hence,] أَخْلَفَتِ النُّجُومُ, i. e. (tropical:) [The stars broke their promise; meaning,] were attended with drought, not attended with rain: (S, K, TA:) a saying of the people in the Time of Ignorance: (S, TA:) and so عَنْ أَنْوَائِهَا ↓ اِخْتَلَفَتْ: for they used to believe and say that they were rained upon by such and such a نَوْء. (TA. [See نَوْءٌ.]) Hence also, أَخْلَفَتِ الحُمَّى (assumed tropical:) The fever, being tertian or quartan, came not in its time, or turn. (Mgh.) And أَخْلَفَتْ said of a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) She, having been covered by the stallion, did not become pregnant: (JK, TA:) and (assumed tropical:) she proved to be not pregnant when thought to be pregnant. (JK.) And in like manner said of a palm-tree; (JK;) (tropical:) It bore not one year: and (tropical:) it (a tree) bore no fruit: or lost the fruit that it had. (L, TA. [The verb, said of trees, has also another meaning, which see below.]) b5: اخلفهُ is also said, by El-Fárábee, to occur as meaning He acted according to his promise [or fulfilled his promise] to him; thus bearing two contr. significations: but this is strange. (MF.) b6: Also He found him to be a breaker of his promise; (JK;) or he found his promise to be broken, or unfulfilled. (S, K.) b7: اخلف عَلَيْكَ and لَكَ, each with an objective complement (خَيْرًا or مَالَكَ) expressed or understood: see 1, in six places, in the former half of the paragraph. You say also, اخلف فُلَانٌ لِنَفْسِهِ, (S, K,) or لِغَيْرِهِ, (TA,) Such a one replaced to himself, (S, K,) or to another, (TA,) a thing that had gone from him, with another thing. (S, K.) Ibn-Mukbil says, فَأَخْلِفْ وَأَتْلِفْ إِنَّمَا المَالُ عَارَةٌ وَكُلْهُ مَعَ الدَّهْرِ الَّذِى هُوَ آكِلُهْ [Then replace thou, and consume: wealth is but a loan: and devour it with time, which is a devourer thereof]: he means, gain a substitute for what thou hast consumed. (S, TA.) and the Arabs say to him who has put on a new garment, أَبْلِ وَأَخْلِفْ وَاحْمَدِ الكَاسِى [Wear out thy garment, and replace it with another, and praise the Clother, meaning God]. (TA.) and أَبْلِ وَيُخْلِفُ اللّٰهُ [Wear out thy garment, and God will replace it with another; or, may God replace &c.]. (S in art. بلو) b8: See also اخلف الثَّوْبَ near the end of the first paragraph. b9: اخلف said of a plant, or of herbage, It put forth the خِلْفَة, (S, Msb, K,) meaning leaves that come forth after the first leaves, in the [season called]

صَيْف; (TA;) and in like manner said of trees: (Msb, TA:) or اخلف الشَّجَرُ means the trees put forth fruit after other fruit. (JK.) And, said of fruit, It came forth, some thereof after other thereof. (TA.) And اخلفت الأَرْضُ The land became affected by the cold of the latter part of the [season called] صَيْف, and some of its trees consequently become green. (TA.) b10: Also, said of a bird, (tropical:) It put forth feathers after the first feathers: (K, TA:) from the same verb said of a plant, or of herbage. (TA.) b11: And, said of a boy, (assumed tropical:) He nearly attained to puberty. (JK, Az. K, TA.) b12: And, said of a solid-hoofed beast, (assumed tropical:) He completed a year after the قُرُوح [or finishing teething, or shedding the corner-nipper]. (JK.) A2: اخلفهُ said of medicine, It weakened him (K, TA) by causing him to go frequently to the privy. (TA.) b2: And الإِخْلَافُ also signifies The bringing the stallion again to the she-camel when she has not conceived at once. (K.) A3: See also 1, in six places, in the latter half of the paragraph.5 تَخَلَّفَ see 1, in two places, in the middle of the paragraph. [Hence, تخلّف َنِ الأَمْرِ He held back from, or fell short of, doing the thing.]6 تَخَاْلَفَ see the next paragraph, in three places.8 اِخْتِلَافٌ signifies The following reciprocally; or alternating. (Mgh.) So in the phrase in the Kur [ii. 159 and iii. 187 and xlv. 4], وَاخْتِلَافِ اللَّيْلُ وَالنَّهَارِ And the alternating of the night and the day. (Mgh) [And in a verse of El-'Ajjáj cited voce أَبْلَى, in art. بلو.] And hence the phrase, اِخْتَلَفَا ضَرْبَةً Each of them beat, or struck the other in turn. (Mgh.) And the saying, in a trad. of 'Alee, فَاخْتَلَفَتْ بَيْنَ عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ الحٰرِثِ وَالوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُقْبَةَ ضَرْبَتَانِ [And two blows were interchanged between 'Obeydeh Ibn-El-Hárith and El-Weleed Ibn-'Okbeh]. (Mgh.) And the saying, in a trad. of Umm-Sabeeyeh, اِخْتَلَفَتْ يَدِى

وَيدُ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ فِى إِنَآءٍ وَاحِدٍ, meaning My hand and the hand of the Apostle of God were both put [by turns] into one vessel. (Mgh.) and اِخْتَلَفُوا signifies They followed, or succeeded, one another; whenever one went, another coming after him. (TA in art. عور.) b2: Also The going, or moving, repeatedly, to and fro; so coming and going; or reciprocating; syn. تَرَدُّدٌ [in this sense, as is shown in this art. in the K and TA, and in the S and K in art. رود &c.: and also as mean ing the returning, or repairing, time after time, or repeatedly, or frequently, to a person or place; because it implies coming and going: and sometimes it means simply the returning; because this cannot be without a previous going]. (K.) You say, هُوَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ, i. e. يَتَرَدَّدُ [He returns, or repairs, time after time, repeatedly, or frequently, to such a one]: and اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَيْهِ اخْتِلَافَةً وَاحِدَةً

[He returned to him once]. (TA.) And هُوَ يَخْتَلِفُ إِلَى مَجَالِسِ العِلْمِ He repairs frequently to, or frequents, the assemblies of science; syn. يَتَرَدَّدُ. (A in art. رد.) And اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَى المُتَوَضَّأِ [He returned, or repaired, time after time, &c., to the privy]. (S.) And اِخْتَلَفَ إِلَى الخَلآءِ [properly signifies the same: and hence, (assumed tropical:) He had a looseness of the bowels, or a diarrhœa]. (K.) And [perhaps as implying coming and going,] اختلف also signifies He supplied, or gave, or offered, water. (TA.) b3: [Also The disagreeing, differing, or varying, in state or condition or quality &c.; being dissimilar, different, diverse, various, incongruous, discordant, or dissentient:] اختلف is the contr. of اِتَّفَقَ; (K, TA;) and is said of anything that is dissimilar [in the parts or members &c. of which it is composed]; as also ↓ تخالف. (TA.) You say, الأَمْرَانِ ↓ تخالف [and اختلف الامران], i. e. لَمْ يَتَّفِقَا [The two things, or affairs, or cases, were, or became, dissimilar, &c.]. (TA.) And اختلفوا and ↓ تخالفوا (Mgh, Msb) [They disagreed, &c., فِى أَمْرٍ in a thing or an affair or a case;] every one of them took to, or held, a way, or an opinion, different from, or contrary to, that of another: (Msb:) both signify the same. (Mgh.) It is said in a trad., سَوُّوا صُفُوفَكُمْ وَلَا تَخْتَلِفُوا فَتَخْتَلِفَ قُلُوبُكُمْ [Make ye your ranks even when ye place yourselves to pray together, and be not dissimilar in your positions, for in that case your hearts would disagree]; meaning, when one of you advances, or stands, before another in the ranks, your hearts will be affected, and disagreement in respect of friendship and amity will arise among you: or, as some say, it means, your hearts will be made to recoil: or the صُورَة [or specific character] of your hearts will become changed into another صورة. (TA.) [Hence,] اِخْتَلَفَتْ عَنْ أَنْوَائِهَا, said of stars: see 4, near the middle of the paragraph. b4: Also The being complicated, intricate, or confused. (KL.) [You say, اختلف الأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ The affair, or case, was, or became, complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them: a phrase of frequent occurrence.]

A2: اختلفهُ: see 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: See also 2, in two places. b3: اختلف صَاحِبَهُ: see 3, near the middle of the paragraph.10 استخلفهُ: see 2, in two places. b2: Also He took it (a thing) as a substitute, or in exchange, for another thing; or in the place of another thing; syn. اِسْتَعْوَضَهُ and اِسْتَبْدَلَهُ. (TA.) b3: استخلفتِ الأَرْضُ The land produced the herbage of the [season called] اِسْتَبْدَلَهُ. (TA.) A2: See also 1, in the middle of the latter half of the paragraph, in two places.

خَلْفٌ [meaning The location, or quarter, that is behind; and the time past;] (K; [so in my MS. copy, and thus it should be written as a simple noun; but in the CK خَلْفُ;]) or الخَلْفُ; (Lth, K;) contr. of قُدَّامٌ [or القُدَّامُ]: (Lth, K:) [and] خَلْفَ [Behind; and after;] contr. of قُدَّامَ: (S: [thus in my tow copies; and said in the margin of one of them to be thus in the copy of IB, and in that of El-Jawáleekee:]) a simple noun: and an adv. n.: of the fem. gender [as meaning the جِهَة; but otherwise it seems to be masc.]. (TA.) You say, جَآءَ خَلْفَهُ [and مِنْ خَلْفِهِ, both meaning He came behind him, and after him]. (Mgh.) And جَلَسْتُ خَلْفَ فُلَانٍ I sat after, or behind, such a one; syn. بَعْدَهُ (S.) And لَبِثَ خَلْفَهُ He remained after him. (K.) Some read, in the Kur [xvii. 78], وَإِذًا لَايَلْبَثُونَ خَلْفَكَ: others read خِلَافَكَ [which means the same, as mentioned above: see the middle of the first paragraph of this art.]. (TA.) b2: خَلْفٌ signifies also The back (K, TA) itself: so says IAar: and particularly, of a house; the side corresponding to, or over against, that in which is the door; and as a house may have two doors, [in two different sides,] it may be said to have two backs, each of which may be thus termed; and the dual of this word seems to be used as meaning two backs in a trad. [respecting the building of the Kaabeh]. (TA.) b3: And One who comes after another; (S, TA;) as also ↓ خَلَفٌ, or, accord. to some, there is a difference between these two, as will be shown in what follows; (S;) and ↓ خَالِفٌ and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ: it is originally an inf. n.: (TA:) and signifies one who remains after another, whether this other be dead or living: and one remaining after another who is dead; his follower, or successor; the follower, or successor, of one who has gone: used in praise and in dispraise: pl. خُلُوفٌ: and the sing. also signifies [like the pl.] persons remaining after others; accord. to some: (IB, TA:) a remnant of people: (Lh, TA:) and a generation after a generation; (Lth, S, K;) as also ↓ خَلَفٌ: (Lth, TA:) but Lth says that the former is applied to the evil, and ↓ the latter to the good, (K, TA,) whether meaning a generation or a son: (TA:) the latter means a good son (K, TA) remaining after his father: (TA:) and the former, a bad son: (K, TA:) [therefore] one says, هُوَ خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ [He is a bad son] who has taken the place of his father, and صِدْقٍ من ابيه ↓ خَلَفُ [a good son] &c.: (S:) but sometimes each is used in the place of the other; so that one says, هو خَلْفُ صِدْقٍ من ابيه: (K:) or both signify the same: (S, K:) so says Akh: some, he says, use the former; and some, the latter: but some say صِدْقٍ ↓ خَلَفُ and خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ, meaning thus to distinguish between them: (S:) accord. to IB, ↓ خَلَفٌ correctly signifies a man's successor who is a substitute for him, good and bad: and is originally an inf. n.: (TA:) and the pl. of this is أَخْلَافٌ: (Az, IB, TA:) accord. to IAth, خَلَفُ صِدْقٍ means a good generation: and خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ, an evil generation: (TA:) and خَلْفٌ likewise signifies progeny [without restriction]. (K.) One says also, (S, K,) of a people following people more in number than they, (S,) هٰؤُلَآءِ خَلْفُ سَوْءٍ [These are a bad generation. (S, K.) And بَقِينَا فِى خَلْفِ سَوْءٍ We remained among an evil remnant. (Lh, TA.) And فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ, in the Kur [vii. 168 and xix. 60], is explained as meaning And there remained after them a remnant. (TA.) b4: [Hence,] (tropical:) One in whom is no good. (IB, K.) [And app. also Persons in whom is no good..] b5: And (tropical:) A thing in which is no good: (IB, TA:) [and particularly] (assumed tropical:) a bad saying; (ISk, S, Msb, K;) a wrong, bad saying, like the خَلْف of mankind. (A 'Obeyd, Msb.) See also خُلْفٌ. It is said in a prov., سَكَتَ أَلْفًا وَنَطَقَ خَلْفًا (assumed tropical:) He held his tongue from a thousand words (سَكَتَ عَنْ أَلْفِ كَلِمَة), and then uttered what was wrong. (ISk, S, Msb.) An Arab of the desert, who had been guilty of a breach of manners (حَبَقَ حَبْقَةً), pointed with his thumb towards his اِسْت, and said, إِنَّهَا خَلْفٌ نَطَقَتْ خَلْفًا [which may be rendered, Verily it is a thing in which is no good: it uttered a thing in which was no good: but it obviously admits of being rendered otherwise]. (IAar, S.) b6: Also People who have gone away from the tribe (T, K) to draw water, and have left their baggage &c. behind them: (T, TA:) and such as are present, [remaining behind,] of the tribe: thus bearing two contr. significations: pl. خُلُوفٌ. (K.) You say حَىٌّ خُلُوفٌ A tribe who are absent; none of them remaining behind: (S, TA:) or a tribe of which the men are absent and the women remaining: (TA:) and خُلُوفٌ also signifies the contr., i. e. such as are present, (S, TA,) remaining behind. (S.) It is said of Mohammad, in a trad., لَمْ يَتْرُكْ أَهْلَهُ خُلُوفًا, i. e. He did not leave his family neglected, with no pastor nor protector. (TA.) See also a verse of El-Hoteíäh in the latter part of the first paragraph of this article.

A2: Old and worn out; applied to a وَطْب [or skin for milk, or for clarified butter and milk: as though it were a remnant thereof]. (Ibn-' Abbád, K.) A3: A مِرْبَد; (S, K;) i. e. a place of confinement for camels: (TA:) or such as is behind the tent or house. (JK, S, * K.) A4: A large فَأْس [i. e. hoe or adze or axe]: or such as has one head: and the edge of a فأس: or the head thereof: (K:) you say فَأْسٌ ذَاتُ خَلْقَيْنِ a two-headed فأس: (S, TA:) or ذَاتُ خَلْقَيْنِ and ↓ ذَاتُ خِلْقَيْنِ are names of the فأس (K, TA) when two-headed: (TA:) and the pl. is ذَوَاتُ الخَلْقَيْنِ: (K:) pl. خُلُوفٌ. (JK.) b2: And The head of a razor. (K.) b3: And The [pointed] head of a مِنْقَار, [an iron instrument like the فَأْس, (A and K in art. نقر,) with which mill-stones &c. are pecked, or wrought into shape, (see مِنْقَارٌ,) and] with which wood is cut. (TA.) A5: See also خِلْفٌ.

خُلْفٌ a subst. from إِخْلَافٌ, (S, Msb, K,) relating to a promise, and restricted to future time; (Msb;) i. e. a subst. used in the place of إِخْلَافٌ; (Lh, TA;) meaning The breach, or non-fulfilment, of a promise; as also ↓ خُلُفٌ, which is said to be the original form of the word, and ↓ خُلُوفٌ: (TA:) it is, in respect of the future, like كَذِبٌ in respect of the past: (S, K:) some say that it signifies a false, or wrong, saying; which is a meaning of ↓ خَلْفٌ, with fet-h, before mentioned: but perhaps these two words may be syn. dial. vars. (MF, TA.) b2: Also, (Msb,) or ↓ خُلْفَةٌ, and ↓ خِلْفَةٌ, (K, TA,) Disagreement, difference, dissension, contrariety, contrariousness, or opposition, (Msb, K, * TA,) in opinions or the like, (Msb,) or in respect of friendship and amity, (TA in explanation of the second of these words,) or in natural disposition; (K;) as also ↓ خِلَفْنَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ خِلَفْنَاةٌ and ↓ خَالِفٌ and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ. (K.) A2: It is also pl. of خَلِيفٌ, in its various senses.

خِلْفٌ: see خِلْفَةٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in seven places. b2: Also, applied to a man, (Sgh,) i. q. لَجُوجٌ [app. as meaning One who perseveres much in opposition or contention or the like]; (Sgh, K;) as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ. (TA.) A2: Also a subst. from إِخْلَافٌ meaning The act of drawing water; and so ↓ خِلْفَةٌ: (A 'Obeyd, K: *) [whence the saying,] مِنْ أَيْنِ خِلْفَتُكُمْ Whence do ye draw water? (S, K.) A3: The teat (حَلَمَة) of the udder of the she-camel: (S, K:) and the two fore ones, and the two hinder ones: (S:) or the part of the udder upon which the milker lays hold: (TA:) or the extremity of the udder of the she-camel: (Msb, K:) or the hinder of the أَطْبَآء [or teats]: (K:) or the udder itself; (Lth, TA;) [i. e.] it is, to the she-camel, (Msb, * K,) like the ثَدْى to the human being, (Msb,) or like the ضَرْع to the ewe or she-goat: (K:) or the خِلْف is of the camel and of the cloven-hoofed animal; and the طُبْى, of the solid-hoofed animal and of the animal that has a claw: (Lh, TA:) the pl. [properly of pauc.] is أَخْلَافٌ (Msb, TA) and [of mult.] خُلُوفٌ. (TA.) One says, دَرَّتْ لَهُ أَخْلَافُ الدُّنْيَا (tropical:) [The world yielded him abundance of its good things]. (TA.) A4: The shortest of the ribs of the side; (S;) [and] so ↓ خَلْفٌ; (K;) likewise called ضِلَعٌ الخِلْفِ and الخَلْفِ; it is the furthest and thinnest of the ribs; (TA;) [i. e.] the خِلْف is that next to the belly, of the small ribs; their قُصَيْرَى: (K: [see القُصْرَى:]) pl. of the former (S) [and] of the latter (K) خُلُوفٌ. (S, K.) A5: ذَاتُ خِلْفَيْنِ: see خَلْفٌ, near the end of the paragraph.

خَلَفٌ A substitute; a thing given, or received, or put, or done, instead of, in place of, or in exchange for, another thing. (A 'Obeyd, Th, S, Msb, K, TA.) You say, اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا خَلْفًا مِنْ هٰذَا Make thou this to be a substitute for this. (Msb.) And هٰذَا خَلَفٌ مِمَّا أُخِذَ لَكَ This is a substitute for what has been taken to thee. (IB.) and فِى هٰؤُلَآءِ القَوْمِ خَلَفٌ مِمَّنْ مَضَى In these people are such as supply the place of those who have gone. (TA.) And فِى فُلَانٍ خَلَفٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ [In such a one is a substitute for such a one]. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنْ أَبِيهِ خَلَفٌ He is a substitute for his father. (IB.) See also خَلْفٌ, in six places, in the former half of the paragraph.

خَلِفٌ, applied to she-camels, i. q. مَخَاضٌ, i. e. Pregnant: n. un. with ة: (S, K:) accord. to some, (TA,) the pl. of خَلِفَةٌ, which signifies a pregnant camel, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) or, as some say, one that has completed a year after bringing forth and has then been covered and has conceived, until she enters upon the term called التَّــعْشِيــر, (TA, [from-the time when her pregnancy has become manifest, (see قَارِحٌ and لَاقِحٌ,)] is مَخَاضٌ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) like as the pl. of اِمْرَأَةٌ is نِسَآءٌ; (Msb, TA;) and sometimes خَلِفَاتٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and خِلَافٌ: (TA:) but خَلِفٌ occurs in the saying of the rájiz, مَا لَكَ تَرْغِينَ وَلَا تَرْغُوا الخَلِفْ [What aileth thee that thou utterest a grumbling cry, when the pregnant camels utter not that cry?]. (IB.) خُلَفٌ: see خُلْفَةٌ.

خُلُفٌ: see خُلْفٌ.

خَلْفَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

خُلْفَةٌ: see خُلْفٌ. b2: Also A vice, a fault, or an imperfection: (K:) and badness, corruptness, vitiousness, or dishonesty: (TA:) and foolishness, or stupidity; or paucity, or want, of intellect or understanding; as also ↓ خَلَافَةٌ [properly an inf. n., of خَلُفَ, and before mentioned as such; (see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph;)] and idiocy. (K.) All of these meanings have been assigned to it in explanations of the saying, أَبِيعُكَ هٰذَا العَبْدَ وَأَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِنْ خُلْفَتِهِ [I sell to thee this slave, but I am irresponsible to thee for his vice, &c.]: or, accord. to IAar, the meaning is, خِلَافِهِ [his contrariousness]. (TA.) b3: Also The last taste of food; (K;) as in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَطَيِّبُ الخُلْفَةِ [Verily it is good, or sweet, in respect of the last taste]; (TA;) and so ↓ خَلْفَةٌ: pl. خُلَفٌ: and it (خُلْفَةٌ) signifies also loss of appetite for food, in consequence of disease: (so accord. to the CK:) [or,] accord. to some copies of the K, ↓ خَلْفَةٌ has this latter signification; and so ↓ خُلَفٌ: accord. to other copies, خُلَفٌ is pl of خَلْفَةٌ in this sense: but both these readings require consideration: what is found in the Lexicons is, خَلَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. خُلُوفٌ; meaning as explained above, in the latter half of the first paragraph. (TA.) خِلْفَةٌ a subst. signifying A mode, or manner, of coming after [or behind]; like قِعْدَةٌ signifying

“ a mode, or manner, of sitting. ” (Msb.) b2: See also خُلْفٌ. b3: It signifies also Difference [of any kind]: (K, * TA:) or the coming and going of the night and the day; (S, K, * TA;) and likewise of wild animals. (K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xxv. 63], وَهُوَ الَّذِى جَعَلَ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ خِلْفَةً, (S, K, *) meaning ذَوَى خِلْفَةٍ, (Bd,) i. e. [And He it is who hath made the night and the day] so that each replaces the other: or each follows the other: (K, * TA:) or so that he who is unable to accomplish a thing in the night may do it in the day, and the reverse. (Fr, L, K.) Zuheyr says, of wild animals, يَمْشِينَ خِلْفَةً, meaning They go to and fro. (S, TA. [See Em p. 109.]) And one says, أَخَذَتْهُ خِلْفَةٌ, meaning He was taken with [an affection causing] a frequent going to and from the privy. (S, K.) [And hence,] خِلْفَةٌ signifies also, A discharging of the bowels; or a purging and vomiting together; (K;) or a disordered state of the stomach arising from [unwholesome] food; (TA;) a looseness, or diarrhœa. (JK, TA.) b4: See also خِلْفٌ. b5: Also The bringing of camels to the watering-place in the evening, after the people have gone away. (L, K.) b6: And A man's watching to see another, (أَنْ يُنَاظِرَ in some copies of the K, and ان يُنَاصِرَ in other copies, being put for ان يُبَاصِرُ, which is the right reading, agreeably with an explanation of اِخْتَلَفَ صَاحِبَهُ, [for which see 3, near the middle of the paragraph,] TA,) and when he is absent from his family, going in to them, (K, TA,) or [rather], when he is absent from his wife, going in to her. (TA, after the explanation of the phrase above mentioned.) A2: A thing that is suspended behind the rider; (JK, K;) such as is suspended behind the [kind of vehicle called] مَحْمِل. (TA.) b2: Remains of water in a trough or tank. (TA.) b3: What remains, of food, between the teeth. (Lh, K.) b4: A plant, or herbage, that comes forth after another plant, or other herbage, (S, Msb, K,) which has become dry, and broken in pieces: (S, TA:) or that comes forth not from rain, but by reason of the cold of the latter part of the night. (Aboo-Ziyád El-Kilábee, K. [See also رَبْلٌ.]) b5: What the trees disclose in the beginning of the cold, (K, TA,) by reason of the [rain called]

صَفَرِيَّة [q. v.]: (TA:) or fruit that comes forth after other fruit: (K:) or fruit that comes forth after abundant fruit; (S, Mgh, TA;) this being termed the خِلْفَة of trees: (S, Mgh:) or a growth of leaves after the falling away of other leaves: (K, * TA: دُونَ in the K is a mistake for بَعْدَ: TA:) or leaves that come forth after the first leaves, in the [season called] صَيْف. (Nh, TA.) b6: What grows in the صَيْف [or summer]; so says A 'Obeyd: (S, K:) or, (JK, Mgh, K,) as also ↓ خِلْفٌ, (K,) the herbage produced by the صيف, (JK, K,) or in the صيف, (Mgh,) after the springherbage has dried up. (JK, Mgh.) b7: A produce of grape-vines after the grapes have turned black; the grapes being gathered while it is fresh and green, it then ripens: and so other fruits: or a new produce, by the vine, of fresh sour grapes. (K.) b8: Grain that is sown (JK, * Mgh, K *) after the former has come to maturity: (Mgh, TA:) because taken as a substitute for wheat and barley: (K:) pl. خِلَفٌ. (Mgh.) b9: A piece with which a garment is patched (K) when it is old and worn out. (TA.) b10: A time after a time. (IAar, K.) A3: Differing [one from another or others]; as also ↓ خِلْفٌ: (K:) it is applied in this sense to a people, or company of men: (Az, S, K:) and to beasts, or horses or the like, as meaning differing (K, TA) in their colours and appearances: (TA:) and خِلْفَتَانِ is applied to any two things that are different; (Ks, TA;) as also ↓ خِلْفَانِ: (Ks, Msb, TA:) and خِلْفَةٌ, (K,) or خِلْفَتَانِ, (Ks, TA,) to any two colours that are combined [because different]. (Ks, K, TA.) Az cites, as an ex., the saying [of a rájiz], سَاقِيَاهُمَا ↓ دَلْوَاىْ خِلْفَانِ [My two buckets are different, and their two suppliers with water]; (S, TA;) meaning that one of them [i. e. of the buckets] is ascending and full, and the other is descending and empty; or that one of them is new, and the other is old and worn out. (TA, in two places.) And one says of two children, or two male slaves; or two female slaves, that they are خِلْفَتَانِ, (Ks, K,) and ↓ خِلْفَانِ, (K,) applying to the male and the female, (TA,) meaning One tall and the other short: or one white and the other black. (Ks, K.) One says also, بَنُو فُلَانٍ

خِلْفَةٌ, meaning The children of such a one are half males and half females. (S.) And نِتَاجُ فُلَانٍ

خِلْفَةٌ The offspring of the beasts of such a one are one year male and another year female. (JK, TA.) And ↓ وَلَدَتْ خِلْفَيْنِ, said of ewe or goat, (K,) or of a camel, (L,) She brought forth one year a male and another year a female. (L, K.) The pl. [of ↓ خِلْفٌ] (K, TA) in all its senses (TA) is أَخْلَافٌ and خِلَفَةٌ; (K, * TA;) the latter, [in the CK خِلْفَةٌ,] like قِرَدَةٌ as pl. of قِرْدٌ. (TA.) خُلْفُفٌ and خُلْفَفٌ and خُلْفُفَةٌ and خُلْفَفَةٌ: see خَالِفٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: أُمُّ خُلْفُفٍ (Sgh, K) and خُلْفَفٌ Calamity, or misfortune: or the greatest calamity or misfortune. (K.) خِلَفْنَةٌ and خِلَفْنَاةٌ: see خُلْفٌ: b2: and see also خَالِفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph.

خِلَافٌ an inf. n. of 3 [q. v. passim]. (S, &c.) b2: Also The contrary, or opposite, of a thing; syn. ضِدٌّ. (Msb in art. ضد. [Very often used in this sense.]) You say, الاِخْتِلَافُ خِلَافُ الاِتِّفَاقِ [i. e. الاختلاف is the contrary of الاتّفاق] (TA.) A2: Also, (S, Msb, K,) by the vulgar (O, Msb, TA) incorrectly pronounced with teshdeed (O, Msb, K, TA) and fet-h [to the خ, i. e. خَلَّافٌ], (TA,) A well-known kind of tree; (S;) the [kind of tree called] صَفْصَاف: (Msb:) or a species of the صفصاف, but not the صفصاف itself: (K:) [the salix Aegyptia of Linnæus; called by this name in the present day; and by some, improperly, بَانٌ, q. v.:] it abounds in the land of the Arabs; and is [also] called سَوْجَرٌ [or سَوْحَرٌ]; and there are many varieties thereof; all of them soft and weak; (TA;) but it is seldom, or never, found in the desert: (Msb:) they assert that it is thus called because the torrent brings it from one locality to another, so that it grows in a place different from that of its origin; (AHn, Msb, K, * TA;) but this is not a valid assertion: (TA:) [it is a coll. gen. n.:] n. un. with ة. (Msb, TA.) سُوِّينَ مِنْ خِلَافِ, in the saying of the rájiz cited voce خُفٌّ, means Made of different trees: it does not mean of the tree called خِلَاف; because this is seldom, or never, found in the desert. (S, TA.) b2: Also The sleeve of a shirt. (IAar, K.) خُلُوفٌ: see خُلْفٌ.

A2: It is also, as stated above, pl. of خَلْفٌ: (IB, K, TA:) b2: and a pl. of خِلْفٌ. (TA.) خَلِيفٌ: see خَلِيفَةٌ, in three places. b2: Also One who holds back from the place, or time, of promise: and one who breaks a promise. (TA.) b3: And A woman that has let down her hair behind her. (JK, O, K.) b4: And A woman that has attained to the period of one day, or two days, after her having brought forth. (IAar.) [Perhaps from the signification next following.]

b5: A she-camel in the second day after her having brought forth: pl. خُلُفٌ and خُلْفٌ: (K, TA:) these two pls. are mentioned in the K in different places in this art., but both are correct, like رُسُلٌ and رُسْلٌ. (TA.) Hence, (TA,) one says, رَكِبَهَا يَوْمَ خَلِيفِهَا [He rode her on the second day after she had brought forth]. (K.) b6: and The milk that is after the biestings: (AA, K:) pl. as above. (K.) One says also, حَلَبَهَا خَلِيفَ لِبَئِهَا He drew from her the milk that came after the biestings had passed away. (JK.) And اِيتِنَا بِلَبَنِ نَاقَتِكَ يَوْمَ خَلِيفِهَا, i. e. [Bring thou to us the milk of thy she-camel of the day] after the cessation of her biestings; i. e., of the milking that is after her bringing forth by a day or two days. (AA, TA.) A2: Applied to a garment, (S, K,) or a shirt, (Msb,) Having the middle, wornout part taken out, and the [cut] edges then sewed together: (S, Msb, K *:) and ↓ مَخْلُوفٌ signifies the same; (JK;) or a garment composed of two pieces sewed together: or, as some say, this signifies a garment pledged. (TA.) A3: Also, accord. to A 'Obeyd, The part beneath the armpit: and the خَلِيفَانِ of the camel are like the إِبْطَانِ of man: accord. to the S and the O, خَلِيفَا النَّاقَةِ signifies the two armpits of the she-camel (إِبْطَاهَا): but the author of the K, following the [first] explanation given by A 'Obeyd, says that this is wrong, and that the meaning is the parts beneath the two armpits of the she-camel. (TA.) A4: and A gap between two mountains, (JK,) or between two mountain-tops, (TA,) of little breadth and length: (JK, TA:) or a road between two mountains: (S, K:) or a valley between two mountains: (K:) or a place where water pours forth (K, TA) between two mountains, or between two valleys, passing thence into a wide tract: (TA:) and any road in a mountain, (Skr, K,) or behind a mountain, or behind a valley: (TA:) or simply a road; as also ↓ مَخْلَفَةٌ; (JK, K;) this being either in a plain or in a mountain: (TA:) pl. of the former as above. (K.) One says ذِيخُ الخَلِيفِ i. e. [The hairy male hyena] of the road between two mountains, (S, K,) or of the valley between two mountains; (K) like as one says ذِئْبُ غَضًا. (S.) A5: And A sharp arrow: (AHn, K:) or, accord. to Skr, the word in this sense is حَلِيفٌ, with the unpointed ح; and this is more probably correct. (TA.) خَلَافَةٌ: see خُلْفَةٌ.

خِلَافَةٌ inf. n. of خَلَفَهُ as meaning “ he was, or became, his خَلِيفَة ” [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: [And hence, as a simple subst., The office of خَلِيفَة.]

خَلِيفَةٌ A successor: and a vice-agent, vice-gerent, lieutenant, substitute, proxy, or deputy: (KL:) one who has been made, or appointed, to take the place of him who has been before him: (JK:) an act. part. n. of خَلَفَهُ, inf. n. خَلَفٌ and خِلَافَةٌ; as also ↓ خَلِيفٌ: (TA:) or it may have the meaning of an act. part. n. or that of a pass. part. n.: and so in the sense next following: (Msb:) the supreme, or greatest, ruler or sovereign, (S, Msb, K, TA,) who supplies the place of him who has been before him; (TA;) [particularly the successor of the Prophet; whence

“ Caliph,” commonly used by English writers for “ Khaleefeh; ”] as also ↓ خَلِيفٌ, (K,) which is the original form, (Msb,) without ة; (Msb, TA;) disapproved by some, but mentioned by AHát and Ibn-' Abbád and IB, and occurring in a verse of Ows Ibn-Hajar cited by IB: (TA:) the ة in the former is to denote intensiveness of signification, (Nh, Msb, TA,) as in عَلَّامَةٌ and نَسَّابَةٌ: (Msb:) or, as some say, لِلنَّقْلِ [i. e. for the transference of the word from the category of epithets to that of substs.]: (TA:) it is also said that the word may be an epithet of which the subst. qualified thereby is suppressed, for نَفْسٌ خَلِيفَةٌ; but this requires consideration: (MF, TA:) it is an epithet applied to a man peculiarly: (Msb:) some make it fem.; (Fr, S, Msb, K;) saying هٰذَا خَلِيفَةٌ أُخْرَى [This is another Khaleefeh]; though the proper way is to make it masc.: (Msb:) a poet says, أَبُوكَ خَلِيفَةٌ وَلَدَتْهُ أُخْرَى وَأَنْتَ خَلِيفَةٌ ذَاكَ الكَمَالُ [Thy father was a Khaleefeh, whom another Khaleefeh begat; and thou art a Khaleefeh: that is perfection]: (Fr, S:) the pl. is خَلَائِفُ [generally applied to any people that have succeeded others, and supplied their places, as in the Kur x. 15], (S, K,) like as كَرَائِمُ is pl. of كَرِيمَةٌ; (S;) and خُلَفَآءُ [generally applied to successors of the Prophet], (S, K,) because, as it applies only to the male, and has ة added, the ة is dropped in forming the pl., which is thus like ظُرَفَآءُ as pl. of ظَرِيفٌ: (S:) thus says ISk, and the like is said in the O: but what AHát and Ibn-'Abbád say requires not this straining: (TA:) [i. e.]

خَلَائِفُ is pl. of خَلِيفَةٌ; and خُلَفَآءُ, of ↓ خَلِيفٌ: (JK:) or some, having regard to the original, make the pl. to be خُلَفَآءُ, like as شُرَفَآءُ is pl. of شَرِيفٌ; (Msb;) and this pl. is masc. only, so that you say ثَلَاثَةٌ خُلَفَآءَ: (ISk, Msb, TA:) and some, having regard to the word itself [in its altered and used state], make the pl. to be خَلَائِفُ; (Msb;) and this pl. may have prefixed to it either a masc. or a fem. n. of number, so that you say ثَلَاثَةٌ خَلَائِفَ and ثَلَاثُ خَلَائِفَ; (ISk, Msb, TA;) both of which are chaste. (Msb.) You say, كَانَ اللّٰهُ خَلِيفَةَ وَالِدِكَ عَلَيْكَ [May God be to thee a supplier of the place of thy father]: (S, Msb: *) and in like manner you say, to a person, of any one whom he has lost by death, (S, Msb,) and who cannot be replaced; as the paternal uncle; (Msb;) or the mother. (K.) Some say that the application of the title خَلِيفَةُ اللّٰهِ [The Vicegerent of God] is not allowable, except to Adam and David because there is express authority in these instances [in the Kur ii. 28 and xxxviii. 25]; but others allow it in other cases, like سُلْطَانُ اللّٰهِ and جُنُودُ اللّٰهِ and حِزْبُ اللّٰهِ and خَيْلُ اللّٰهِ; all of which have been heard: (Msb:) and Zj says that it is allowable to say of the Imáms that they are خُلَفَآءُ اللّٰهِ فِى أَرْضِهِ [The Vicegerents of God in his earth]. (TA.) خِلِّيفَةٌ: see the middle of the next paragraph.

خَالِفٌ: see خَلْفٌ, in the former half of the paragraph. b2: Also One who remains behind, or after, another, (Yz, K, TA,) or others, in the case of a war, or a warring and plundering expedition, and in other cases: (TA:) pl. خَالِفُونَ (Yz, K, TA) and خَوَالِفُ, which latter is extr. [in this case], but is also said to be a [reg.] pl. of ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, and as such to signify persons who do not go forth on a warring, or warring and plundering, expedition: and الغَازِى ↓ خَالِفَةُ signifies he who remains behind, or after, him who goes forth on such an expedition, being of his family. (TA.) فَاقْعُدُوا مَعَ الخَالِفِينَ, in the Kur [ix. 84], means Then stay ye with those who remain behind. (Yz, K. *) خَوَالِفُ is also pl. of ↓ خَالِفَةٌ [as fem. of خَالِفٌ], (TA,) and signifies Women (K, TA) remaining behind in the houses or tents: but some assign to it the first of the meanings explained above: and some say that it means the children remaining behind. (TA.) It is said in the Kur [ix. 88 and 94], ↓ رَضُوا بِأَنْ يَكُونُوا مَعَ الخَوَالِفِ, i. e. [They chose to be] with the women: (S, K: *) thus it is explained by Ibn-'Arafeh: but some say that the meaning is, with the bad, or corrupt, persons; and that خوالف is here a pl. [of خَالِفٌ,] like فَوَارِسُ. (TA.) For b3: خَالِفٌ is applied to a man [as meaning Bad, or corrupt]; and ↓ خَالِفَةٌ to a woman as meaning bad, or corrupt, and remaining behind in her abode: and the former to a slave as meaning bad, or corrupt: and also contrarious: and in this last sense it is likewise applied to a companion: and some of the grammarians say that there is no word of the measure فَاعِلٌ having its pl. of the measure فَوَاعِلُ, except خَالِفٌ and هَالِكٌ and فَارِسٌ: but see this last: (TA:) and ↓ خِلِّيفَةٌ, also, has this last signification; (JK, TA;) or [rather] signifies very contrarious; (K;) as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ; (JK;) and so ↓ خِلَفْنَةٌ, and ↓ خِلَفْنَاةٌ, (Lh, JK, K,) in each of which the ن is augmentative, and each of which is applied to a man and to a woman and to a pl. number; (Lh, K;) but خِلَفْنَيَاتٌ has been mentioned as pl. [of خلفناة], and as applied to males and females: (TA:) and خَالِفُونَ is likewise used in this sense applied to a number of men. (JK.) b4: Also, applied to a slave, [and app. to any man, but in this latter case I find it written خلف, which I believe to be a mistranscription,] One who has withdrawn from the people of his house: so says Lh. (TA.) b5: Also Stupid; foolish; or having little, or no, intellect or understanding; as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, (K, TA,) but in an intensive sense, and also applied to a woman; (TA;) and ↓ أَخْلَفُ, (JK, K,) of which the fem. is خَلْفَآءُ; (JK, TA;) and ↓ خُلْفُفٌ, (K,) or ↓ خُلْفَفٌ, (L,) or both, (JK,) likewise applied to a woman, as also ↓ خُلْفُفَةٌ, (K,) or ↓ خُلْفَفَةٌ: (JK:) or, as some say, خَالِفٌ signifies one in whom is no good: and, as also ↓ خَالِفَةٌ, one who has not what suffices: or who often breaks his promises: (TA:) or both of these mean one who has not what suffices, and in whom is no good: or very contrarious. (JM.) One says that a man is أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ ↓ خَالِفَةُ and خَالِفُ, اهل بيته, meaning The one in whom is no good, of the people of his house: (S, K:) and the ungenerous: (K:) or the stupid, or foolish: or the bad, or corrupt, and the evil: and it is [said to be] tropical. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْمٌ خَوَالِفٌ Persons in whom is no good. (JK.) b6: And, [app. because he leaves his family behind him,] A drawer of water; (S, TA;) as also ↓ مُسْتَخْلِفٌ [q. v.]: both mentioned in the K; but السَّقَّآءُ is there erroneously put for المُسْتَقِى. (TA.) b7: And Weak, without appetite for food. (TA.) b8: And Flesh-meat from which a slight smell is perceived, but in the chewing of which is no harm. (Lth, TA.) A2: See also خُلْفٌ.

خَالِفَةٌ: see خَلْفٌ, in the former half of the paragraph. Also, particularly, [or perhaps أُمَّةٌ خَالِفَةٌ only in this sense,] A nation, people, or race, remaining after another that has gone before. (I 'Abbád, K.) And One who comes to the water after him who has returned [from it]: whence Aboo-Bekr applied this appellation to himself, from a motive of humility, when asked if he were the Khaleefeh of the Apostle of God. (IAth, TA.) See also خَالِفٌ, in eight places: and see its pl., خَوَالِفُ, in the same paragraph, in two places. b2: Also, applied to a man, [like خِلِّيفَةٌ as explained in the K,] Very contrarious, or adverse, and inimical. (S, * K, * TA.) See also خِلْفٌ. b3: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ خَالِفَةَ هُوَ, the word خالفة being here imperfectly decl., (S, K,) because of the fem. gender and determinate, being explained by النَّاسِ, (S,) or because determinate and occupying the place of a pl., like as one says أَىُّ تَمِيمَ and أَىُّ أَسَدَ, [or rather, I think, because used as a proper name, as MF, says, (though SM disputes this,) and with the sign of the fem. gender,] means I know not what one of mankind he is; (S, K;) as also أَىُّ خَالِفَةٍ, perfectly decl.; and أَىُّ الخَالِفَةِ; and أَىُّ الخَوَالِفِ; (K;) and so أَىُّ خَافِيَةَ; (K, TA, [in the CK اىّ خَالِفَةٍ again,]) imperfectly decl. (TA.) Lh says that الخَالِفَةُ, writing it thus with ال, signifies النَّاسُ. (TA.) A2: Also One of the poles of a [tent of the kind called] خِبَآء: or one of the poles of a بَيْت [or tent] in the hinder part thereof: (K:) Lh says that the خَالِفَة is the hinder part, or in the hinder part, (اَخر, [i. e. آخِرُ or آخِرَ, app. the latter,]) of a بَيْت; and one says بَيْتٌ ذُو خَالِفَتَيْنِ [app. meaning a tent having two poles in its hinder part]: (TA:) the pl. is خَوَالِفُ: (S, TA:) which is hence applied to the angles, or corners, of a بَيْت: Az says that the خَالِفَة of a بيت is [app. the shirt thereof,] beneath the [ropes called]

أَطْنَاب, in the [part called] كِسْر [q. v.]; and it is also called the خياصة, and the فرجة: [thus I find these two words written, without any syll. signs:] and he cites, as an ex., مَا خِفْتُ حَتَّى هَتَكُوا الخَوَالِفَ [app. meaning And I feared not until they rent open the skirts of the tent, or tents]: (TA:) or, as some say, the خَالِفَتَانِ are the two sides of a tent, and its رِوَاق is its fore part, and its كِفَآء is its hinder part. (TA in art. روق.) b2: خَوَالِفُ, (Yz, K,) or خَوَالِفُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ, (TA,) Lands that produce not plants, or herbage, save among the last of lands. (Yz, K, * TA.) A3: See also خُلْفٌ.

أَخْلَفُ: see خَالِفٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph. b2: Also Contrarious, hard in disposition, as though going with a leaning towards one side: (K:) and [simply] leaning towards one side; applied to a camel: (S, K:) so says A'Obeyd; (S, TA;) and so As. (TA.) b3: Also A camel that has the sheath of his penis slit, and that will not remain stationary, by reason of pain: (TA:) and ↓ مَخْلُوفٌ signifies a camel having the sheath of his penis slit in the hinder part, (JK, TA,) when suffering suppression of his urine in consequence of the pressure of his hind girth upon his sheath: so says El-Fezáree. (TA.) b4: And Left-handed. (JK, K.) b5: And Squinteyed; syn. أَحْوَلُ. (K.) b6: Accord. to some, (TA,) A torrent: (K, TA:) or, as some say, a river. (Skr, TA.) b7: And A male serpent. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) [All these meanings seem to have been assigned to the word as occurring in a verse of Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhalee, in which he likens the course of a wolf in a narrow road to the course of the أَخْلَف.]

A2: [Also More, and most, wont to break promises. Hence the prov., mentioned by Meyd, أَخْلَفُ مِنْ عُرْقُوبٍ More wont to break promises than 'Orkoob: a certain man who rendered himself notorious for breaking his promises. See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 454. b2: And More, and most, disagreeing, differing, dissentient, contrary, contrarious, or opposing. See an ex. in a prov. cited voce ثِيلٌ. b3: And app. More, and most, offensive in the odour of the mouth. See Freytag's Arab. Prov. ubi suprà.]

تَخَالِيفُ Different colours. (TA.) مَخْلَفٌ: see مَخْلَفَةٌ.

مُخْلِفٌ A camel that has exceeded in age the بَازِل; [which latter is generally one that has entered the ninth year;] (S, M, K;) beyond which there is no age [having an epithet to denote it]; therefore, (TA,) one says مُخْلِفُ عَامٍ and مُخْلِفُ عَامَيْنِ [that has exceeded in age the بازل by a year and by two years]; (S, TA; [see 4;]) applied alike to the male and the female; (S, K;) and the female is also termed مُخْلَفَةٌ: (K:) or this latter signifies (tropical:) a she-camel that appears, (S, K,) or is thought, (A,) to be pregnant, and is not pregnant: (S, A, K:) and the pl. is مَخَالِيفُ. (TA.) b2: See also مِخْلَافٌ. b3: Also A man whose cattle have not obtained the [herbage termed]

رَبِيع. (JK.) b4: رَجُلٌ مُخْلِفٌ مُتْلِفٌ, or ↓ مِخْلَفٌ مِتْلَفٌ, and مِتْلَافٌ ↓ مِخْلَافٌ: see art. تلف. b5: نَوْمَةُ الضُّحَى مُخْلِفَةٌ لِلْفَمِ, (K, TA,) also written ↓ مَخْلَفَةٌ, and in some copies نَوْمُ الضُّحَى, [which requires the reading مَخْلَفَةٌ,] (TA,) i. e. [The sleep, or sleeping, in the period of the morning when the sun is yet low is] a cause of the mouth's becoming altered [for the worse] in odour. (K, TA.) b6: مُخْلِفُ جَنْبٍ Having one half of his face and of his mouth turning sideways. (JK.) b7: See also the explanation of the verse of El-Hoteiäh cited in the last quarter of the first paragraph. The قَطَا are termed مُخْلِفَاتٌ because they draw water for their young ones. (JK.) مِخْلَفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مَخْلَفَةٌ: see مُخْلِفٌ.

A2: See also خَلِيفٌ, near the end of the paragraph. ↓ المَخْلَفُ [as a coll. gen. n.] signifies The roads along which the people pass in Minè; (K) which are three: one says, اُطْلَبْهُ بِالمَخْلَفَةِ الوُسْطَى مِنْ مِنًى [Seek thou him in the middle road of Minè]. (TA.) And مَخْلَفَةٌ بَنِى فُلَانٍ The place of alighting, or descending and stopping or sojourning or abiding or lodging or settling, of the sons of such a one. (K, * TA.) And مَخْلَفَةُ مِنًى The place of alighting, or descending and stopping &c., of the people in Minè. (K.) A3: A place in which are trees of the kind called خِلَاف. (S, K.) مَخْلَفَانُ البَلَدِ The ruler, or sovereign, (سُلْطَان,) of the country; as also ↓ مِخْلَافُهُ. (TA.) مِخْلَافٌ A man who often breaks his promises; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُخْلِفٌ: (TA:) [whence the latter (which properly signifies simply breaking a promise) is applied to a star, or an asterism, as meaning (tropical:) Unattended with rain: (see 4:) and in the same sense to clouds (سَحَاب): or, accord. to Freytag's Lex., in this or in the contr. sense.]

b2: See also مُخْلِفٌ. b3: And see مَخْلَفَان.

A2: Also A كُورَة [i. e. province, district, or region] (S, Mgh, Msb) pertaining to the people of El-Yemen, (S,) or in the dial. of El-Yemen; (Mgh, Msb;) pl. مَخَالِيفُ; (S, Msb;) every مخلاف thereof having a [distinctive] name whereby it is known; (S;) the مخاليف of the people of El-Yemen being like the أَجْنَد of the people of Syria and the كُوَر of the people of El-'Irák and the رَسَاتِيق of the people of El-Jibál and the طَسَاسِيج of the people of El-Ahwáz: (IB:) or مِخْلَافٌ signifies a كُورَة (JK, M, K) to which a man comes; (M;) [in any country;] and hence the مخاليف of ElYemen, (K,) i. e. its كُوَر: (TA:) some say that there is a مخلاف in every country; (Msb;) so says Khálid Ibn-Jembeh; (TA;) i. e. a نَاحِيَة [as meaning a district &c.]; (Msb;) and thus one says the مخلاف of El-Medeeneh, and of ElYemámeh, (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh, TA,) and the مخاليف of Et-Táïf: (AA, Msb, TA:) but properly it is peculiar to the dial. of El-Yemen. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. بنكرد [a foreign word, and perhaps mistranscribed], i. e. The poor-rate of any particular people or party, which is given by them to [the poor of] their own community: so says Aboo-Mo'ádh: (L:) and ↓ مَخَالِفُ [is its pl., as also, app., مَخَالِيفُ, agreeably with rule, and] signifies the poor-rates of the Arabs; (JK, TA;) [as in the saying,] اُسْتُعْمِلَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى مَخَالِفِ بَنِى

فُلَانٍ [Such a one was employed as collector of the poor-rates of the sons of such a one]. (JK.) مَخْلُوفٌ: see خَلِيفٌ: b2: and أَخْلَفُ.

A2: Also A man affected with a looseness, or diarrhœa. (JK, TA.) مَخَالِفُ: see مِخْلَافٌ, last sentence.

مَخَالِيفُ: pl. of مِخْلَافٌ. (S, Msb, K, &c.) A2: Also Camels that have pastured upon fresh herbs, or leguminous plants, and have not fed upon dry herbage, and to which their pasturing upon the former has been of no avail. (IAar, TA.) قَوْلٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ [Discordant speech;] speech expressing different opinions. (Bd and Jel in li. 8.) b2: [طُرُقٌ مُخْتَلِفَةٌ Roads leading in different directions.]

مُسْتَخْلِفٌ: see خَالِفٌ, near the end of the paragraph. b2: ذَهَبَ المُسْتَخْلِفُونَ يَسْتَقُونَ a saying mentioned by Lh as meaning Those going before [or leaving others in their places] went away to draw water. (TA.)

صرع

1 صَرَعَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. صَرْعٌ (S, O, * Msb, K) and صِرْعٌ, (S, O, * K,) the former inf. n. of the dial. of Temeem and the latter of Keys, (S, O,) and مَصْرَعٌ, which is also a n. of place, [and, accord. to rule, of time also,] (S, O, K,) said of a man, (S, Msb,) He threw him down, or prostrated him, on the ground; (O, L, K, TA;) namely, a man. (T, TA.) And صَرَعَتْهُ is also said of a beast, [the pronoun referring to the rider,] meaning It threw him down. (TA in art. قمص.) Hence the saying, المَنِيَّةُ تَصْرَعُ الحَيَوَانَ (tropical:) [Death prostrates the animal]. (TA.) and مَثَلُ المُؤْمِنِ كَالخَامَةِ مِنَ الزَّرْعِ تَصْرَعُهَا الرِّيحُ مَرَّةً فَتَعْدِلُهَا أُخْرَى i. e. [The similitude of the believer is as the fresh, or juicy, plant of seedproduce,] which the wind bends at one time, throwing it from side to side, [and straightens at another.] (TA, from a trad.) And صُرِعَ الشَّجَرُ The trees were cut and thrown down. (TA.) b2: See also 3. b3: [Hence also,] صُرِعَ He was affected with the disease termed صَرْع [expl. below]. (Msb.) And He (a man) was affected with diabolical possession, or madness; inf. n. صَرْعٌ. (TA.) A2: See also 2, in two places.2 صرّعهُ, [inf. n. تَصْرِيعٌ,] He threw him down or prostrated him, on the ground, vehemently; namely, a man. (K.) A2: صرّع البَابَ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He made the door-way to have what are termed مِصْرَاعَانِ [i. e. a pair of folding doors]; as also ↓ صَرَعَهُ. (K, TA.) b2: And [hence,] صرّع الشِّعْرَ (tropical:) He made the poetry to have what are termed مِصْرَاعَانِ; as also ↓ صَرَعَهُ: (K, TA:) or التَّصْرِيعُ فِى الشِّعْرِ, (S,) or تَصْرِيعُ البَيْتِ مِنَ الشِّعْرِ, (TA,) is the making the first مِصْرَاع [meaning hemistich] to rhyme [like the second]; (S;) [i. e.] the making the last foot of the first hemistich like the last of the second [in rhyme]: (TA:) derived from the مِصْرَاع of the door-way. (S, TA.) 3 صَاْرَعَ ↓ صَارَعْتُهُ فَصَرَعْتُهُ, (S, Msb, TA,) inf. n. of the former مُصَارَعَةٌ and صِرَاعٌ, (Msb, TA,) I wrestled with him, each of us endeavouring to throw down the other, [and I overcame him in doing so, or and I threw him down.] (TA.) 5 تصرّع لَهُ (tropical:) He became lowly, humble, or abased, and abashed, to him; as also تضرّع: (Az, TS, TA:) or (tropical:) he lowered, humbled, or abased, himself to him: one says, مَا زِلْتُ أَتَصَرَّعُ لَهُ and إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) [I ceased not to lower, humble, or abase, myself to him] حَتَّى أَجَابَنِى [until he answered me, or gave me his assent]. (Z, TA.) 6 تصارعوا They wrestled, one with another, endeavouring to throw down one another; and [↓ اصطرعوا signifies the same; or] ↓ اصطرعا they two wrestled, each endeavouring to throw down the other. (TA.) 7 انصرع [He, or it, became thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]. (Occurring in the K in art. جأث.) 8 إِصْتَرَعَ see 6, in two places.

صَرْعٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, [as a subst., Epilepsy, or falling sickness: and sometimes, app., ecstatic catalepsy; a sort of trance into which a person falls:] a certain disease, (S, O, Msb, K,) well known, (S, O,) resembling madness, or diabolical possession, (Msb,) accord. to the Ra-ees [Ibn-Seenà, whom we call “ Avicenna ”], (TA,) preventing, but not completely, the vital organs from performing their actions [or functions]; the cause of which is an obstruction that occurs in one or more of the venters (بُطُون) of the brain and in the ducts of the أَعْصَاب [here meaning nerves] by which the members are moved, [arising] from an abundant thick or viscous خِلْط [or humour], whereby the رُوح [by which is here meant, as in many other instances, the vital spirit, or nervous fluid,] is prevented from pervading them in the natural manner, and consequently the members become [spasmodically] contracted. (K, TA.) A2: Also A sort, or species: and a state, condition, or manner of being: syn. ضَرْبٌ and فَنٌّ: (S, K:) of a thing: (K:) and so ↓ صِرْعٌ: and likewise ضَرْعٌ and ضِرْعٌ: (TA:) [See also صَرْعَةٌ:] pl. [of mult.] صُرُوعٌ (S, K) and [of pauc.] أَصْرُعٌ. (K.) One says, هُوَ ذُو صَرْعَيْنِ, meaning ذُو لَوْنَيْنِ [i. e. He, or it, has two sorts, or species: or two distinctive qualities or properties]. (Ibn-'Abbád, Z, O, K.) and تَرَكْتُهُمْ صَرْعَيْنِ I left them changing from state to state. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) And لِلْأَمْرِ صَرْعَانِ, meaning طَرَفَانِ [i. e. There are two ways of performing the affair, either of which may be chosen]. (TA.) b2: See also صِرْعٌ, in three places. b3: صَرْعَانِ Two camels of which one comes to the water when the other returns from it, by reason of their [the camels'] multitude. (S, O, K.) b4: And [hence, perhaps,] الصَّرْعَانِ signifies The night and the day; (K;) [and] so ↓ الصِّرْعَانِ, with kesr, like الصِّرْفَانِ: (TA in art. صرف:) or the forenoon and the afternoon; from the first part of day to midday and from midday to sunset; each of these being termed صَرْعٌ: (S, O, K:) or the morning, between daybreak and sunrise, and the evening, between sunset and nightfall; as also العَصْرَانِ; (S and K in explanation of الأَبْرَدَانِ;) and some assert that it is formed by transposition from العَصْرَانِ: (TA:) or the two extremities of the day. (A, TA.) And one says, أَتَيْتُهُ صَرْعَىِ النَّهَارِ I came to him in the morning and evening; or between daybreak and sunrise and between sunset and nightfall. (S, O, K.) And لَقِيتُهُ صَرْعَىِ النَّهَارِ I met him at the two extremities of the day. (A, TA.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, كَأَنَّنِى نَازِعٌ يَثْنِيهِ عَنْ وَطَنٍ

صَرْعَانِ رَائِحَةً عَقْلٌ وَتَقْيِيدُ meaning As though I were one, i. e. a camel, yearning towards his place of abode, which an evening and a morning, in evening a binding of the fore shank to the arm and in the morning a shackling of the legs, turn [or keep] away from a settled abiding-place: or, as Aboo-'Alee relates it, رَائِحَةٌ, [as a partial substitute for صَرْعَانِ,] meaning, an evening, when there is a binding of the fore shank to the arm, and a morning, when there is a shackling of the legs; for they bind the camel's fore shank to his arm in the evening when he is lying down, and they shackle his legs in the morning so that he may pasture [but not stray]: another reading is صَرْعَاهُ [his morning and evening]. (TA.) b5: One says also, هُوَ صَرْعُ كَذَا i. e. حِذَآءَهُ [app. meaning It is over against, or corresponding to, such a thing]. (O, K.) صِرْعٌ an inf. n. of 1. (S, K.) A2: And i. q. مُصَارِعٌ. (K.) See the latter in two places.

A3: See also صَرْعٌ, former half. b2: [Also Either of two opposite conditions in which one is or stands &c. in respect of an affair or case.] One says, طَلَبْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ حَاجَةً فَانْصَرَفْتُ وَمَا أَدْرِى عَلَى

أَىِّ صِرْعَىْ أَمْرِهِ هُوَ [I sought, or demanded, of such a one, an object of want, and then turned away, and I know not in which of the two opposite conditions he was in respect of his affair, or case]; i. e., his affair, or case, did not become apparent, or clear, or known, to me. (S, O, K. *) And a poet says, فَرُحْتُ وَمَا وَدَّعْتُ لَيْلَى وَمَا دَرَتْ عَلَى أَىِّ صِرْعَىْ أَمْرِهَا أَتَرَوَّحُ [And I went, and bade not farewell to Leylà, and she knew not in which of the two opposite conditions in respect of her affair, or case, I was going]; i. e., whether I went from her presence retaining attachment, or forsaking; (S, TA;) or, as Z says, in a condition of success or of disappointment. (TA.) b3: See also صَرْعٌ, in the middle of the paragraph. b4: Also A like; a similar person or thing; and so ↓ صَرْعٌ. (O, K.) One says, هُمَا صِرْعَانِ (S, O) and ↓ صَرْعَانِ (O) They two are likes: (S, O:) and so شِرْعَانِ, &c. (S.) And هٰذَا صِرْعُهُ and ↓ صَرْعُهُ This is the like of him, or it: and so ضِرْعُهُ and ضَرْعُهُ, &c. (IAar, TA.) b5: And A strand of a rope: (O, K:) and so ضِرْعٌ: (O:) pl. صُرُوعٌ (O, K) and ضُرُوعٌ. (O.) صَرْعَةٌ A single act of throwing down, or prostrating, on the ground; or a single suffering of prostration. (K, TA.) See also صِرْعَةٌ. b2: and A state, or condition: (O, K:) so in the saying, هُوَ يَفْعَلُهُ فِى كُلِّ صِرْعَةٍ [He does it in every state, or condition]: (O:) [see also صَرْعٌ:] or, accord. to the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib], the state, or condition, of him who is thrown down, or prostrated. (TA.) صُرْعَةٌ One who is often thrown down, or prostrated, by men. (K.) صِرْعَةٌ A mode, or manner, of throwing down, or prostrating; or of being thrown down, or prostrated: (S, * K, TA:) a word similar to رِكْبَةٌ and جِلْسَةٌ. (S.) Hence, (K,) one says, سُوْءُ الاِسْتِمْسَاكِ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حُسْنِ الصِّرْعَةِ [The bad manner of holding fast upon one's beast is better than the good manner of being thrown down, or prostrated]: (S, K:) i. e., when one holds fast, though he ride not well, it is better than one's being thrown down, or prostrated, in a manner that does not hurt him; because he who holds fast sometimes overtakes, but he who is thrown down will not attain: (TA:) a prov.: or, as some relate it, ↓ حُسْنِ الصَّرْعَةِ, which means the good manner of the single suffering of prostration. (K, * TA. [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 623.]) صُرَعَةٌ One who throws down, or prostrates, others; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ صِرِّيعٌ and ↓ صُرَّاعَةٌ: (K:) or one who throws down, or prostrates, his antagonists much, or often; (TA;) and so ↓ صِرِّيعٌ, (S, O,) and ↓ صُرَّاعَةٌ, with damm and teshdeed, mentioned by Ks: (O:) or ↓ صِرِّيعٌ signifies one who throws down, or prostrates, vehemently, though he be not well known for doing so; as also ↓ صَرَّاعٌ and ↓ صَرِيعٌ, the latter like أَمِيرٌ [in measure, but this I think doubtful, probably added from finding صِرِّيعٌ mistranscribed]: or ↓ صِرِّيعٌ, accord. to the T, one whose occupation, whereby he is known, is the throwing down, or prostrating, others [as a wrestler]. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the Prophet asked, Whom do ye reckon the صُرَعَة among you? they said, Him whom men will not throw down: and he said, He is not such, but is (assumed tropical:) he who governs himself on the occasion of anger: or, as some relate it, (assumed tropical:) the forbearing on the occasion of anger, (O, TA. *) صَرُوعٌ One who wrestles much with others, endeavouring to throw them down: (T, K, TA:) pl. صُرُعٌ. (K.) صَرِيعٌ i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ [meaning Thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]: pl. صَرْعَى. (O, K.) b2: [And i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ meaning (as the latter is expl. in the Msb) Affected with the disease termed صَرْعٌ, q. v.] b3: And [i. q. ↓ مَصْرُوعٌ meaning] Affected with diabolical possession, or madness. (TA.) b4: One says also, بَاتَ صَرِيعَ الكَأْسِ (tropical:) [He passed the night prostrated by the influence of the wine-cup]. (TA.) b5: And رَأَيْتُ شَجَرَهُمْ صَرْعَى and ↓ مُصَرَّعَاتٍ (tropical:) I saw their trees cut down [and laid prostrate]. (TA.) And نَبَاتٌ صَرِيعٌ (tropical:) A plant, or plants, or herbage, growing upon the surface of the earth, not erect. (TA.) and غُصْنٌ صَرِيعٌ (tropical:) A branch falling down to the ground: (TA:) or a branch broken down and fallen to the ground: (Msb:) and [in like manner] one says ↓ غُصْنٌ مَصْرُوعٌ; and مَصَارِعُ is said to occur in a verse of Lebeed as pl. of the latter word, the reg. pl. of which is مَصَارِيعُ: but in that verse some read ↓ مُصَرَّع [which has a similar meaning. (TA. [See EM p. 157.]) b6: صَرِيعٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) Slain: from the same word as applied to a branch and expl. above: pl. صَرْعَى. (Msb.) b7: And (tropical:) A twig, or rod, drooping, or hanging down, to the ground, falling upon it, but with its base upon the tree, so that it remains falling in the shade, the sun not reaching it, and therefore becomes more soft, or supple, than the branch [from which it depends], and more sweet in odour; and it is used for rubbing and cleaning the teeth [i. e. مَسَاوِيك are made of it]: pl. صُرُعٌ: (K, TA: [the pl. is thus in the L; but in some copies of the K صُرْعٌ:]) or, accord. to the T, the sing. signifies a twig, or rod, that falls from the tree called بَشَام [q. v.]; and the pl. is صُرْعَانٌ: the former pl. occurs in a trad., in which it is said that the Prophet was pleased to rub and clean his teeth with صُرُع. (TA.) b8: Also (tropical:) A bow from which nothing has been pared off: or of which the wood has dried upon the tree; (S, O, K, TA:) or this [latter] is only called صَرِيفٌ. (TA.) b9: And (tropical:) A whip, in like manner, (S, O, K, TA,) from which nothing has been pared off. (TA.) A2: See also صُرَعَةٌ.

صَرَاعَةٌ The quality of throwing down, or prostrating, vehemently. (TA.) صَرَّاعٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ.

صِرِّيعٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ, in four places.

صُرَّاعَةٌ: see صُرَعَةٌ, in two places.

صَارِعٌ act. part. n. of 1: pl. صَارِعُونَ and صَرَعَةٌ.

Hence,] قَوْمٌ صَرَعَةٌ A people, or party, who throw down, or prostrate, those with whom they wrestle. (TA.) مَصْرَعٌ A place [and accord. to rule a time also] of throwing down, or prostrating, on the ground: (S, O, K:) [pl. مَصَارِعُ.] b2: [And (assumed tropical:) A place of slaughter: for] مَصَارِعُ القَوْمِ signifies the places of slaughter of the people, or party. (TA.) A2: Also an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, O, K.) مِصْرَعٌ: see مِصْرَاعٌ.

مُصَرَّعٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.]. One says, مَرَرْتُ بِقَتْلَى مُصَرَّعِينَ [I passed by slain persons thrown down, or prostrated, on the ground]: with teshdeed because relating to many objects. (S.) b2: See also صَرِيعٌ, in two places.

مِصْرَاعٌ Either half [i. e. leaf] of a door [meaning of a folding door]: (MA, * Msb, KL: *) either one of what are termed the مِصْرَاعَانِ of a door or door-way: (S, Msb:) مِصْرَاعَا بَابٍ means two doors that are set up, meeting together, the place of entrance thereof being in the middle of them [i. e. between them]: (T, O, K, TA:) [and in like manner, مِصْرَاعَا سِتْرٍ (occurring in the S in art. سجف) means the two separate halves, that hang side by side, so as to meet together, of a curtain; like the two leaves of a folding-door:] and the مِصْرَاع of a door [or curtain] is also called its ↓ مِصْرَع: (TA:) the pl. of مِصْرَاعٌ is مَصَارِيعُ. (MA.) b2: Hence, the مِصْرَاع in poetry; (S;) A hemistich: (MA, KL:) [this is the general meaning: in a more restricted sense,] مِصْرَاعَانِ in poetry means a single verse [i. e. a pair of hemistichs] having two rhymes: (T, O, * K, * TA:) [using it in the latter sense, i. e. as meaning a verse of which the former hemistich rhymes with the latter, which is app. the primary signification,] Aboo-Is-hák says, the مِصْرَاعَانِ are the two doors of the ode, like the مصراعان of the house, or chamber, or tent: and he says that the derivation of the word is from الصَّرْعَانِ meaning “ the two extremities of the day. ” (TA.) مَصْرُوعٌ: see صَرِيعٌ, in four places; where it is stated that مَصَارِعُ is said to occur as a pl. thereof; the reg. pl. being مَصَارِيعُ.

مُصَارِعٌ One who wrestles with another, endeavouring to throw him down; as also ↓ صِرْعٌ: you say, ↓ هُمَا صِرْعَانِ i. e. They are two persons wrestling together, each endeavouring to throw down the other. (K, * TA.)

سمر

1 سَمَرَ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M,) inf. n. سَمْرٌ and سُمُورٌ, (M, K,) He held a conversation, or discourse, by night: (S:) or he waked; continued awake; did not sleep: (M, K:) and ↓ اسمر may signify the same; or may be of the same class as أَهْزَلَ and أَسْمَنَ, and thus signify he had, or came to have, a سَمَر [or conversation, or discourse, by night]. (M.) [See also 3.] b2: سَمَرَتِ المَاشِيَةُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. سُمُورٌ, (assumed tropical:) The cattle pastured by night without a pastor; or dispersed themselves by night: (M, TA:) [or simply pastured by night; for] one says, إِنَّ إِبِلَنَا تَسْمُرُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Verily our camels pasture by night: (TA:) and سَمَرَتِ الإِبِلُ لَيْلَتَهَا كُلَّهَا (tropical:) The camels pastured during their night, the whole of it. (A.) and سَمَرَتِ المَاشِيَةُ النَّبَاتَ (assumed tropical:) The cattle pastured upon the herbage; (M, K;) aor. as above: (M:) [or pastured upon the herbage by night: like as one says,] سَمَرَ الخَمْرَ (assumed tropical:) He drank mine, or the mine, (K, TA,) by night: (TA:) and بَاتُوا يَسْمُرُونَ الخَمْرَ (tropical:) They passed, or spent, their night drinking wine, or the wine. (A.) b3: See also سَمِيرٌ, in three places.

A2: سَمُرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K;) and سَمِرَ, (S, K, in a copy of the M سَمَرَ,) aor. ـَ inf. n. of each سُمْرَةٌ; (K;) and ↓ اسمارّ, (S, M, K,) inf. n. اِسْمِيرَارٌ; (S;) He, or it, was, or became, [tawny, brownish, dusky, or dark in complexion or colour; i. e.,] of the colour termed سُمْرَة [expl. below]. (S, M, Msb, K.) A3: سمَرَهُ: see 2, first signification. b2: [Hence,] سمَرَ عَيْنَهُ i. q. سَمَلَهَا, (M, K,) which signifies He put out, or blinded, (فَقَأَ,) his eye with a heated iron instrument: (S and Msb in art. سمل:) or he put out, or blinded, (كَحَلَ,) his eye with a مِسْمَار [or nail] (Mgh, Msb, TA) of iron (TA) made hot (Mgh, Msb, TA) in fire: (Msb:) or [simply] he put out, or blinded, his eye; syn. فَقَأَهَا. (K.) A4: سَمَرَ اللَّبَنَ: A5: and سَمَرَ سْمَهُ: see 2.2 سمّرهُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْمِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ سَمَرَهُ, (S, M, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, Msb, K) and سَمِرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. سَمْرٌ; (M, Msb;) or the former has an intensive signification; (Msb;) [He nailed it; i. e.] he made it fast, firm, or strong, (M, Mgh, K,) with a nail [or nails]; (S, * M, * Mgh, Msb, K; *) namely, a door [&c.]. (Mgh, Msb.) [See also سَرْدٌ.]

A2: سمّر اللَّبَنَ, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَسْمِيرٌ; (S;) and ↓ سَمَرَهُ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ (TA;) He made the milk thin with water; (S;) made it to be what is termed سَمَار [q. v.]. (M, K.) A3: سمّر, inf. n. as above, is also syn. with شَمَّرَ (S, M, K) and أَرْسَلَ. (M, K.) You say, سمّر سَهْمَهُ He discharged, or shot, his arrow; (M, TA;) as also ↓ سَمَرَهُ: (K, TA:) or the former, he discharged it, or shot it, hastily; (K;) opposed to خَرْقَلَ; for one says, سَمِّرْ فَقَدْ

أَخْطَبَكَ الصَّيْدُ [Discharge, or shoot, thine arrow quickly, for the game has become within thy power], and خَرْقِلْ حَتَّى يُخْطِبَكَ [Discharge, or shoot, deliberately, in order that it may become within thy power]. (IAar, TA.) One says also, سمّر جَارِيَتَهُ He dismissed his female slave, or let her go free. (S and M, from a trad.) A 'Obeyd says that this is the only instance in which سمّر, with س, has been heard [in this sense: but several other instances have been mentioned]. (TA.) You also say, سمّر الإِبِلَ He let the camels go, or left them: and he hastened them; syn. كَمَّشَهَا; as also ↓ أَسْمَرَهَا; originally with ش: (TA:) or he sent them, or left them, to pasture by themselves, without a pastor, by night [which is perhaps the more proper meaning (see 1)] or by day; syn. أَهْمَلَهَا. (M, TA.) And سمّر السَّفِينَةَ He sent off, or launched forth, the ship; let it go; or let it take its course. (M, TA.) 3 سامرهُ, (M,) inf. n. مُسَامَرَةٌ, (S, A,) He held a conversation, or discourse, with him by night. (S, M.) [See also 1, first sentence.]4 أَسْمَرَ see 1: b2: and سَمِيرٌ, in four places: A2: and see also 2.11 اسمارّ: see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph.

سَمَرٌ Conversation, or discourse, by night; (S, M, K;) as also مُسَامَرَةٌ. (S, A. *) It is said in a trad., السَّمَرُ بَعْدَ العِشَآءِ, or, accord. to one relation, السَّمْرُ, Conversation or discourse by night is after nightfall. (TA.) And you say, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ السَّمَرَ وَالقَمَرَ I will not do it as long as men hold conversation or discourse in a night when the moon shines: (S:) or as long as men hold conversation or discourse by night, and as long as the moon rises: (Lh, M:) or ever. (M.) [See also below. The pl., أَسْمَارٌ, is often used as meaning Tales related in the night, for amusement: but this usage is probably post-classical.] b2: (tropical:) Conversation, or discourse, by day. (TA.) b3: A place in which people hold conversation or discourse by night; or in which they make, or remain awake; (M, K;) as also ↓ سامِرٌ; (S, * M, K;) which latter is expl. by Lth as signifying a place in which people assemble for conversation or discourse by night. (TA.) b4: A people's assembling and holding conversation or discourse in the dark. (TA.) b5: And hence, (TA,) The dark; or darkness. (As, M, K, TA.) So in the saying حَلَفَ بِالسَّمَرِ وَالقَمَرِ He swore by the darkness and the moon. (As.) b6: Night: (M, K:) you say, أَتَيْتُهُ سَمَرًا I came to him in the night. (A.) b7: A night in which there is no moon: hence the saying لَا أَفْعَلُ ذٰلِكَ السَّمَرَ وَالقَمَرَ I will not do that when the moon does not rise nor when it does rise. (Fr.) [See also above.] b8: The shade of the moon. (M, K.) b9: The light of the moon; moonlight; accord. to some, the primary signification; because they used to converse, or discourse, in it. (TA.) b10: The time of daybreak: you say, طُرِقَ القَوْمُ سَمَرًا The people were come to at daybreak. (AHn, M.) b11: See also سَمِيرٌ.

سَمُرٌ A certain kind of tree, (M, K,) well known; (K;) i. q. طَلْحٌ [the gum-acacia-tree; acacia, or mimosa, gummifera]; (Msb;) or [a species] of the طَلْح, (S,) of the kind called عِضَاه, (Mgh, Msb,) having small leaves, short thorns, and a yellow fruit (بَرَمَة) which men eat: there is no kind of عضاه better in wood: it is transported to the towns and villages, and houses are covered with it: (M:) its produce is [a pod] termed حُبْلَةٌ [q. v.]: (TA in art. حبل:) [the mimosa unguis cati of Forskål (Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. cxxiii. and 176:)] n. un. سَمُرَةٌ: (M, Mgh, Msb, K:) [in the S, سَمُرٌ is said to be pl. of سَمُرَةٌ: but it is a coll. gen. n.:] the pl. of سَمُرَةٌ is سَمُرَاتٌ, and أَسْمُرٌ, a pl. of pauc., of which the dim. is ↓ أُسَيْمِرٌ. (S.) It is said in a prov., أَشْبَهَ شَرْجٌ

↓ شَرْجًا لَوْ أَنَّ أُسَيْمِرًا [Sharj would resemble Sharj if a few gum-acacia-trees were found there: Sharj is a certain valley of El-Yemen: for the origin of this prov., see Freytag's Arab. Prov., i. 662]. (S.) يَا أَصْحَابَ السَّمُرَةِ [O people of the gumacacia-tree], in a saying of the Prophet, was addressed to the persons meant in the Kur xlviii. 18. (Mgh.) سُمرَةٌ [A tawny, or brownish, colour, of various shades, like the various hues of wheat; (see أَسْمَرُ;) duskiness; darkness of complexion or colour;] a certain colour, (S, Msb,) well known, (Msb,) between white and black, (M, K,) in men and in camels and in other things that admit of having it, but in camels the term أُدْمَةٌ is more common, and accord. to IAar it is in water also; (M;) in men, the same as وُرْقَةٌ [in camels]; (IAar, TA;) a colour inclining to a faint blackness; (T, TA;) the colour of what is exposed to the sun, of a person of whom what is concealed by the clothes is white: (IAth:) from سَمَرٌ signifying the “ shade of the moon. ” (TA.) السَّمَرَةُ: see السَّامِرَةُ.

إِبِلٌ سَمُرِيَّةٌ Camels that eat the tree called سَمُر. (AHn, M, K.) سَمَرْمَرَةٌ The [demon called] غُول. (Sgh, K.) سَمَارٌ Thin milk: (S:) milk containing much water: (Th, M, K:) or [diluted] milk of which water composes two thirds: n. un. with ة, signifying some thereof. (M.) b2: [See also a tropical usage of this word in a prov. cited voce رَبَضٌ.]

A2: [In the present day it is also applied to A species of rush, growing in the deserts of Lower and Upper Egypt, of which mats are made for covering the floors of rooms; the juncus spinosus of Forskål, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., p. 75,) who writes its Arabic name “ sammar; ” the juncus acutus

β of Linn.]

سَمُورٌ, applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) Swift: (K:) or generous, excellent, or strong and light, and swift. (TA.) سَمِيرٌ i. q. ↓ مُسَامِرٌ; (M, A, K;) i. e. A partner in conversation, or discourse, by night. (TA.) You say, أَنَا سَمِيرُهُ and ↓ مُسَامِرُهُ [I am his partner &c.]. (A.) b2: Afterwards used unrestrictedly [as signifying (assumed tropical:) A partner in conversation, or discourse, at any time]. (TA.) b3: [Golius and Freytag add the meaning of A place of nocturnal confabulation; as from the K; a sense in which this word is not there found.] b4: اِبْنُ سَمِيرٍ The night in which is no moon: [contr. of اِبْنُ ثَمِيرٍ:] a poet uses the phrase ابْنُ سَمِيرٍ ↓ مَا أَسْمَرَ, meaning As long as the moonless night allows the holding conversation, or discourse, in it. (M. [See also another explanation of this phrase in what follows.]) b5: سَمِيرٌ is also syn. with دَهْرٌ [as meaning Unlimited time, or time without end]; (Lh, S, M, K;) as also ↓ سَمَرٌ, (Fr, M, K,) whence the saying فُلَانٌ عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ السَّمَرَ Such a one is with, or at the abode of, such a one ever, or always. (M.) Hence, or because people hold conversation, or discourse, in them, (S,) اِبْنَا سَمِيرٍ meansThe night and the day. (S, M, K.) You say, ابْنَا سَمِيرٍ ↓ لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا سَمَرَ, (S, K,) and لَا آتِيكَ الخ, (M,) and ابْنُ سَمِيرٍ ↓ مَا سَمَرَ, and السَّمِيرُ ↓ مَا سَمَرَ, (M, K,) and ابْنَا سَمِيرٍ ↓ مَا أَسْمَرَ, and ابْنُ ↓ مَا أَسْمَرَ سَمِيرٍ, (Lh, M, K,) and السَّمِيرُ ↓ مَا أَسْمَرَ, (K,) i. e. [I will not do it, and I will not come to thee,] ever, (S,) or in all time, (M,) or while night and day alternate. (K.) And لَا أَفْعَلُهُ سَمِيرَ اللَّيَالِى (S, M) [I will not do it] to the end of the nights. (M.) b6: اِبْنَا جَالِسٍ وَسَمِيرٍ is expl. by AHeyth, in his handwriting, as meaning Two roads that differ, each from the other. (Az, TA.) سُمَيْرِيَّةٌ A certain kind of ships. (S.) [سُمَيْرِىٌّ signifies the same, (Golius on the authority of Meyd.,) applied to A single ship of that kind.]

b2: IAar mentions the saying, أَعْطَيْتُهُ سُمَيْرِيَّةً مِنْ دَرَاهِمَ كَأَنَّ الدُّخَانَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْهَا, without explaining it: [ISd says,] I think he meant, [I gave him]

دَرَاهِم سُمْر, i. e. dusky dirhems, as though smoke were issuing from them by reason of their duskiness: or dirhems of which the whiteness was fresh. (M.) سَمُّورٌ [The sable; mustela zibellina, or viverra zibellina;] a certain beast, (Mgh, K,) or animal, (Msb,) well known, (Mgh,) found in Russia, beyond the country of the Turks, resembling the ichneumon; in some instances of a glossy black; and in some, of the [reddish] colour termed شُقْرَة: (Msb, TA:) costly furred garments are made of its skin: (K, TA:) pl. سَمَامِيرُ. (Msb.) b2: Also A جُبَّة [or any garment] made with its fur. (TA.) سِمِّيرٌ A companion of [or one who habitually indulges in] conversation, or discourse, by night. (M, K.) سَامِرٌ A man holding, or who holds, a conversation, or discourse, by night: (S:) pl. سُمَّارٌ (S, M, K) and سُمَّرٌ. (TA.) It is also a quasi-pl. n., (M, K,) [as such occurring in a verse cited voce مُرِمٌّ, in art. رم,] and is syn. [as such] with سُمَّارٌ, signifying persons holding, or who hold, conversation, or discourse, by night: (S, M:) or persons waking, continuing awake, not sleeping; as also ↓ سَامِرَةٌ [a fem. sing., and therefore applicable as an epithet to a broken pl. and to a quasi-pl. n. and to a coll. gen. n.]: (M, K:) سَامِرٌ is a pl. [or rather quasi-pl. n.] applicable to males and to females: (T, TA:) or it is a sing., and, like other sings., is used as a qualificative of a pl. only when the latter is determinate; as in the phrase تَرَكْتُهُمْ سَامِرًا [I left them holding a conversation & c.]. (Lh, M.) b2: Also A camel pasturing by night. (TA.) b3: See also سَمَرٌ.

سَامِرَةٌ: see سَامِرٌ.

A2: السَّامِرَةُ (M, Msb, K) and ↓ السَّمَرَةُ (TA) [The Samaritans; a people said to be] one of the tribes of the Children of Israel; (M;) or a sect, (Msb,) or people, (K,) of the Jews, differing from them (Msb, K) in most, (Msb,) or in some, (K,) of their institutes: (Msb, K:) Zj says, they remain to this time in Syria, and are known by the appellation of ↓ السَّامِرِيُّونَ: (M:) most of them are in the mountain of n-Nábulus: (TA:) ↓ سَامِرِىٌّ is the rel. n. of السَّامِرَةُ. (M, Msb, K.) سَامِرِىٌّ, and its pl.: see the next preceding paragraph.

أَسْمَرُ [Tawny, or brownish; dusky; dark-complexioned or dark-coloured;] of the colour termed سُمْرَةٌ [q. v.]: (S, M, K, & c.:) fem سَمْرَآءُ: (Msb, & c.:) and pl. سُمْرٌ. (A.) You say بَعِيرٌ أَسْمَرُ A camel of a white colour inclining to شُهْبَة [which is a hue wherein whiteness predominates over blackness]. (M.) And قَنَاةٌ سَمْرَآءُ [A tawny spearshaft]. (M.) And حِنْطَةٌ سَمْرَآءُ [Tawny wheat]. (M.) b2: [Hence,] السَّمْرَآءُ Wheat: (S, Msb, K:) because of its colour. (Msb.) And الأَسْمَرَانِ Wheat and water: (AO, S, K:) or water and the spear. (S, K.) b3: الأَسْمَرُ, also, signifies Milk: (M:) or milk of the gazelle: (IAar, M, K:) app. because of its colour. (M.) b4: And [for the same reason] السَّمْرَآءُ signifies also Coarse flour, or flour of the third quality, full of bran; syn. خُشْكَارٌ. (K.) You say السَّمْرَآءُ Bread made of such flour. (L in art. خُبْزُ السَّمْرَآءِ.) b5: And The [kind of milking-vessel called] خرج. (Sgh, K.) b6: and عَامٌ أَسْمَرُ (assumed tropical:) A year of drought, in which is no rain. (M.) أُسَيْمِرٌ dim. of أَسْمُرٌ: see سَمُرٌ, in two places.

مِسْمَارٌ A nail; a pin, or peg, of iron; (Mgh;) a certain thing of iron; (S, K) a thing with which one makes fast, firm, or strong: (M, K:) pl. مَسَامِيرُ. (S, Msb, K.) b2: Also, (K, TA,) or مِسَْمارُإِبِلٍ, (A, O,) (tropical:) A good manager of camels; (A, O, K, TA;) a skilful, good pastor thereof. (A.) مَسْمُورٌ Nailed; made fast, firm, or strong, with a nail [or nails]. (S, * Mgh.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man, (TA,) having little flesh, strongly knit in the bones and sinews. (K, TA.) b3: And, with ة, (tropical:) A woman, (M,) or girl, or young woman, (A, O, K,) compact, or firm, in body, (M, A, O, K,) not flabby in flesh. (M, O, K.) A2: عَيْشٌ مَسْمُورٌ (tropical:) A turbid life: (M, O, * K, * TA:) from سَمَارٌ applied to milk. (M, TA.) مُسَامِرٌ: see سَمِيرٌ, in two places.

عرو

1 عَرَاهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـْ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرْوٌ; (S, Msb;) and ↓ اعتراهُ; (Msb, K;) He came to him, (S, Mgh, K,) syn. أَتَاهُ, (S, Mgh,) and أَلَمَّ بِهِ, (S,) or غَشِيَهُ, (K,) or he repaired to him, syn. قَصَدَهُ, (Msb,) seeking (S, Mgh, K) his beneficence, or bounty, (Mgh, K,) or for the purpose of seeking his gift, or aid: (Msb:) or both signify [simply] he, or it, came to him; syn. جَآءَهُ: (Ham pp. 24 and 109:) or عَرَوْتُهُ, also, signifies [simply] I came to him; syn. غَشِيتُهُ; and so عَرَيْتُهُ: (K in art. عرى:) and one says, عَرَى الرجل عريةً شَدِيدَةً and عروةً شديدةً

[app. He came to the man, or upon him, with a vehement coming; for it seems that الرَّجُلَ is meant, and that عَرْيَة and عَرْوَة are inf. ns. of un.]: (TA, immediately after what here next precedes:) and عَرَا, aor. ـْ also signifies [simply] he sought [&c.]: and hence the saying of Lebeed in a verse cited in art. ثأر [q. v., conj. 8]: (S, * TA:) the pass. part. n. is ↓ مَعْرُوٌّ. (S, Msb.) One says also, فُلَانٌ تَعْرُوهُ الأَضْيَافُ and ↓ تَعْتَرِيهِ i. e. Such a one, guests come to him; syn. تَغْشَاهُ. (S, TA.) And عَرَانِى هٰذَا الأَمْرُ and ↓ اِعْتَرَانِى This affair, or event, came upon me; syn. غَشِيَنِى. (S.) and عَرَاهُ الأَمْرُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـْ The affair, or event, came upon him (غَشِيَهُ), (TA,) and befell him; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ اعتراهُ. (Msb.) and عَرَاهُ المُهِمُّ and ↓ اعتراهُ The hard, or difficult, affair, or event, befell him. (Mgh.) And عَرَّهُ signifies the same. (Ksh in xlviii. 25.) [And in like manner ↓ اعتراهُ said of a malady, and of diabolical possession, &c., It befell, or betided, him; attacked him; or occurred, or was incident or incidental, to him.] And عَرَاهُ البَرْدُ The cold smote him. (TA.) A2: A3: See also 2.

A4: عُرِىَ He (a man, S) was, or became, affected with what is termed the عُرَوَآء [q. v.] of fever: (S, K, TA:) and ElFárábee has mentioned, in the “ Deewán el-Adab,” among verbs of the class of فَعَلَ, aor. ـْ عَرَا from العُرَوَآءُ: (Har p. 406:) ISd says that the verb mostly used is the former, and its part. n. is ↓ مَعْرُوٌّ: but some say that the verb [i. e. عُرِيَت; imperfectly written in my copy of the TA, but cleared from doubt by its being there added that the part. n. is مَعْرُوَّةٌ,] is said of a fever, as meaning it came with a shivering, or trembling. (TA.) b2: Also, He (a man) was, or became, affected with the tremour of fear. (TA.) b3: One says also, عُرِىَ إِلَى الشَّىْءِ, meaning (tropical:) He felt a want of the thing (اِسْتَوْحَشَ إِلَيْهِ) after having sold it. (K, TA.) And عُرِيتُ إِلَى

↓ مَالٍ لِى أَشَدَّ العُرَوَآءِ, meaning (assumed tropical:) My soul followed [most vehemently, or I felt a most vehement yearning towards,] property that belonged to me after having sold it. (TA.) And عُرِىَ هُوَاهُ إِلَى

كَذَا (assumed tropical:) He yearned towards, or longed for, such a thing. (TA.) 2 عرّى القَمِيصَ He put button-loops (عُرًى [pl. of عُرْوَةٌ]) to the shirt; as also ↓ اعراهُ. (TA.) b2: And عرّى المَزَادَةَ, thus, with teshdeed, in copies of the K, agreeably with the Tekmileh, or ↓ عَرَى

[or عَرَا], without teshdeed, as in the M, (TA,) He put a loop-shaped handle (عُرْوَة) to the مزادة [or leathern water-bag]. (K, TA.) 4 اعراهُ نَخْلَةً (S, K) He assigned to him (i. e. a man in need, S) a palm-tree as an عَرِيَّة [q. v.; accord. to some, belonging to art. عرى], (S, Msb,) for him to eat its fruit: (Msb:) [i. e.] he gave to him the fruit of a palm-tree during a year. (S; and K in art. عرى.) A2: اعراهُ صَدِيقُهُ His friend went, or removed, far away from him, and did not aid him. (S.) And أَعْرَوْا صَاحِبَهُمْ They left their companion (K, TA) in his place; and went away from him. (TA.) [But these two significations seem rather to belong to art. عرى.]

A3: See also 2.

A4: اعرى, intrans., He (a man) was, or became, fevered, or affected with fever. (TA. [From عُرَوَآءُ.]) b2: And أَعْرَيْنَا We were, or became, affected by a cold night [such as is termed لَيْلَةٌ عَرِيَّةٌ]: or we came to experience the cold of evening. (TA.) One says, أَهْلَكَ فَقَدْ

أَعْرَيْتَ i. e. [Betake thyself to thy family, for thou hast reached the time when] the sun has set and the evening has become cold. (S.) 8 اعتراهُ: see 1, in six places. b2: Also i. q. قَصَدَ عَرَاهُ i. e. نَاحِيَتَهُ [app. as meaning He repaired to his region, or quarter; or his vicinage]. (TA.) b3: And i. q. خَبَلَهُ [He, or it, rendered him possessed, or insane; or unsound in his intellect, or in a limb or member]. (TA.) 10 استعرى النَّاسُ The people ate the fresh ripe dates (S, K, the latter in art. عرى,) فِى كُلِّ وَجْهٍ

[in every direction]: from العَرِيَّةُ. (S.) عَرًا, (T, S, K, TA,) mentioned in the K in art. عرى, but accord. to Az, thus written with ا, as belonging to the present art., (TA,) i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [as meaning A region, or quarter; or a vicinage]; (K in art. عرى;) and so ↓ عِرْوٌ, (K in art. عرو,) of which the pl. is أَعْرَآءٌ; (TA;) and جَنَابٌ [which likewise signifies a vicinage; and a place of alighting or abode; &c.; and also has the two meanings here following]; as also ↓ عَرَاةٌ; (K in art. عرى;) this last and عَرًا both signify a yard, syn. فِنَآءٌ; (S;) and a court, syn. سَاحَةٌ; (T, S;) as also ↓ عَرْوَةٌ. (T, TA.) One says, نَزَلَ فِى عَرَاهُ [or بِعَرَاهُ and بِحَرَاهُ (S in art. حرى)] meaning نَاحِيَتِهِ [i. e. He alighted, or descended and abode, in his region, or quarter, or his vicinage]: (TA:) or نَزَلَ بِعَرَاهُ and ↓ عَرْوَتِهِ i. e. [he alighted, &c.,] in his court. (Az, TA.) عُرْوٌ: see عُرْوَةٌ.

عِرْوٌ: see عَرًا: A2: and see also عُرْوَةٌ.

A3: Also One who is not disquieted, or rendered anxious, or grieved, by an affair: (K:) [or] أَنَا عِرْوٌ مِنْهُ means I am free, or free in mind, (خِلْوٌ,) from it: (S:) but it is held by ISd to belong to art. عرى: (TA:) the pl. is أَعْرَآءٌ; (K, TA;) which is said in the Tekmileh to signify persons who are not disquieted, or rendered anxious, or grieved, by that which disquiets, &c., their companions. (TA.) A4: And A company of men: [pl. as above:] one says, بِهَا أَعْرَآءٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ [In it are companies of men]. (TA.) عَرَاةٌ: see عَرًا.

A2: Also Vehemence, or intenseness, of cold: (S, K; mentioned in the latter in art. عرى:) originally عَرْوَةٌ. (TA.) عَرْوَةٌ: see عَرًا, in two places.

عُرْوَةٌ primarily signifies A thing by means of which another thing is rendered fast, or firm, and upon which reliance is placed: (TA:) or it is metaphorically applied in this sense; from the same word as signifying an appertenance of a shirt, and of a mug, and of a leathern bucket. (Mgh, Msb. *) b2: The عُرْوَة of a shirt, (S, M, Msb,) or of a garment, (K,) is well known; (S, Msb;) i. e. [A button-loop, or loop into which a button is inserted and by means of which it is rendered fast;] the thing into which the زِرّ [or button] thereof enters; (M, TA;) the sister of the زرّ thereof; (K;) as also عُرًى, accord. to the copies of the K, or عَرِىٌّ, accord. to some of them; and with kesr; but correctly with damm and with the ر quiescent [i. e. ↓ عُرْوٌ] as in the Tekmileh; and also with kesr [i. e. ↓ عِرْوٌ]; as though these two were pls. [or rather coll. gen. ns.] of عروة [i. e. عُرْوَةٌ and عِرْوَةٌ]: (TA:) the pl. is عُرًى: (Msb:) عراوى [i. e. عَرَاوَى] as pl. of عُرْوَةٌ is vulgar. (TA.) b3: [The pl.] عُرًى also signifies [in like manner] Certain [well-known] appertenances [i. e. loop] of loads, or burdens, and of the camels that bear saddles or burdens: whence the trad. لَا تُشَدُّ العُرَى إِلَّا إِلَى ثَلَاثَةِ مَسَاجِدَ [The loops of loads shall not be made fast for the purpose of journeying save to three mosques; that of Mekkeh, that of El-Medeeneh, and that of El-Aksà at Jerusalem: see also similar trads. in art. ضرب (first paragraph, see. col.,) and in art. عمل (conj. 4)]. (TA.) b4: The عُرْوَة of the leathern bucket is likewise well known, (TA,) and so is that of the mug: (S, TA:) each is The [loopshaped] handle: (K, TA:) [so too is that of the leathern water-bag: (see 2:)] that of the mug is [also called] its أُذُن. (Msb.) b5: The عُرْوَة of the فَرْج [or vulva of a woman] is The flesh of its exterior, (K, TA,) or an external flesh, (so in some copies of the K,) which is, or becomes, thin, and turns to the right and left, with [or at] the lower part of the بَظْر [here meaning the clitoris]: (K, TA;) each of what are termed عُرْوَتَانِ [i. e. the nymphæ]. (TA.) b6: And عُرْوَةٌ signifies also A collection of [the trees called] عِضَاه and of [those called] حَمْض that are depastured in the case of drought: (K:) or especially a collection of عِضَاه upon which men pasture [their beasts or cattle] when they experience drought: or such as remain of عِضَاه and of حَمْض and are depastured in the case of drought; and it is not applied to any trees but these, unless to any trees that have remained in the صَيْف [here app. meaning spring, having survived the winter]: (TA:) also tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees, among which the camels pass the winter, and whereof they eat: (K:) and (as some say, TA) tree of which the leaves fall not in the winter, (K, TA,) such as the أَرَاك and the سِدْر: (TA:) or trees that remain incessantly in the earth, not going: (S:) or such as suffice the camels. or cattle, throughout the gear: (TA:) or shrubs of which the lower portions remain in the earth, such as the عَرْفَج and the نَصِىّ and the several kinds of خُلَّة and حَمْض; so that when, men experience drought, the cattle gain the means of subsistence; thus accord. to Az: or pasture that remains after the [other] herbage has dried up; because the cattle cling thereto, or eat thereof in the winter. (تَتَعَلَّقُ بِهَا,) and are preserved thereby: wherefore they are also called عُلْقَة: (Mgh: [but for عَلَقة in my copy of that work, I have substituted عُلْقَة as being evidently the right word:]) [see also عُقْدَةٌ, in the last quarter of the paragraph, in two places:] the pl. is عُرًى. (S, TA.) b7: Also The environs of a town [where people pasture their cattle]. (K, TA.) One says, رَعَيْنَا عُرْوَةَ مَكَّةَ i. e. [We pastured our cattle] in the environs of Mekkeh. (TA.) b8: And the pl., عُرًى, signifies (tropical:) A company, or party, of men by whom one benefits, or profits; as being likened to the trees [so called] that remain [throughout the winter]: (TA:) or a company, or party, of men is likened to the trees thus called. (S.) b9: And the sing., (tropical:) Such as is held in high estimation, or in much request, of camels, or cattle, or other property; as an excel-lent horse; (K, TA;) and the like. (TA.) b10: عُرْوَةُ الصَّعَالِيكِ means (assumed tropical:) The stay, or support, of the صعاليك [i. e. poor, or needy]: and [hence] is the name [or a surname] of a well-known man. (TA. [See صُعْلُوكٌ.]) b11: العُرْوَةُ الوُثْقَى signifies The firmest thing upon which one lays hold: (Bd in xxxi. 21: [see also ii. 257, where the same phrase occurs:]) and is [said to be] the saying “ There is no deity but God: ” from العُرْوَةُ [in the first of the senses assigned to it above, as is indicated in the Msb in relation to a similar phrase here following; or] as signifying “ the trees that have a lower portion remaining in the earth, as the نَصِىّ and the عَرْفَج &c.; ” as expl. above. (TA.) And أَوْثَقُ عُرًى [The firmest of things upon which one lays hold], occurring in a saying of the Prophet, is expl. as being [religious] belief, or faith. (Msb.) b12: And العُرْوَةُ is a name of The lion. (S, Mgh, K.) عُرَوَآءُ A tremour, or shivering: (Mz, 40th نوع:) or the access of a fever, on the occasion of the first tremour, or shivering, thereof. (S, K.) b2: [and accord. to Freytag, it occurs in the Deewán of the Hudhalees as meaning The coming of a hero, and the tremour thence arising in others. b3: and A feeling of yearning, or longing:] see 1, last sentence but one. b4: And The low voice (syn.

حِسّ) of the lion. (K.) b5: And The interval from the sun's becoming yellow to the night, when cold wind springs up, (M, * K, TA,) i. e., the north, or northerly, wind. (TA.) عَرِىٌّ an epithet applied to a palm-tree such as is termed عَرِيَّةٌ [q. v.]: one says نَخْلَةٌ عَرِىٌّ, (S, Msb,) the latter word without ة; like as one says اِمْرَأَةٌ قَتِيلٌ. (Msb.) A2: And رِيحٌ عَرِيَّةٌ (S, K) and عَرِىٌّ (K) A cold wind. (S, K: mentioned in the K in this art. and also in art. عرى) and one says also, إِنَّ عَشِيَّــتَنَا هٰذِهِ لَعَرِيَّةٌ [Verily this our evening is cold]. (El-Kilábee, S.) and لَيْلَةٌ عَرِيَّةٌ A cold night. (TA.) عَرِيَّةٌ [as a subst.] A palm-tree which its owner assigns to another, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) who is in need, (S, Mgh,) for him to eat its fruit (S, Mgh, Msb, K *) during a year: (S, Mgh, K:) and of which what was upon it has been eaten: (K:) so some say: or that does not retain its fruit, this becoming scattered from it: (TA:) and one that has been excluded from the bargaining on the occasion of the selling of palm-trees: (K:) so some say: (TA:) the pl. is عَرَايَا: (S, Mgh, Msb:) it is said that on the occasion of the prohibition of المُزَابَنَة, which is the selling of the fruit upon the heads of palm-trees for dried dates, license was conceded in respect of the عَرَايَا, because a needy man, attaining to the season of fresh ripe dates, and having no money with which to buy them for his household, nor any palm-trees to feed them therefrom, but having some dried dates remaining of his food, would come to the owner of palm-trees, and say to him, “ Sell to me the fruit of a palm-tree,” or “ of two palm-trees,” and would give him those remaining dried dates for that fruit: therefore license was conceded in respect of that fruit when less than five أَوْسُق [pl. of pauc. of وَسْقٌ, q. v.]: (Nh, TA: [and the like is said, but much less fully, in the Mgh; and somewhat thereof in the S:]) the word is of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, because the person to whom it is assigned repairs to it (S, Nh, * Mgh, Msb, TA) to gather its fruit: (Mgh:) or the tree is so called because it is freed from prohibition, (Nh, Mgh, TA,) from عَرِىَ, aor. ـْ (Nh, TA,) in which case the word is of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ; or because it is as though it were divested of its fruit: (Mgh:) the ة is affixed because the word is reckoned among substs., like نَطِيحَةٌ and أَكِيلَةٌ. (S, Msb.) [It is mentioned in the K in art. عرى. See also عَرِىٌّ, above.] b2: Also A مِكْتَل [or kind of basket, made of palm-leaves, in which dates &c. are carried]. (K and TA in art. عرى. [In the CK, المَكِيلِ is erroneously put for المِكْتَلُ.]) عَرَاوَةٌ, expl. by Freytag as signifying “ oleris species ” &c., is a manifest mistake for عَرَارَةٌ, n. un. of عَرَارٌ, q. v.]

عَارٍ act. part. n. of عَرَاهُ in the first [and in others also] of the senses assigned to it above. (Msb.) En-Nábighah says, أَتَيْتُكَ عَارِيًا خَلَقًا ثِيَابِى

عَلَى خَوْفٍ يُظَنُّ بِىَ الظُّنُونُ meaning I came to thee, or have come to thee, as a guest [or seeking thy beneficence, with my clothes old and worn out, in fear, various thoughts being thought of me]. (S; one of my copies of which has تَظُنُّ instead of يُظَنُّ.) أُعْرُوَانٌ (so in copies of the K and accord. to the TA, in the CK عُروان,) A certain plant: (K, TA:) or one of which the leaves fall not in the winter. (CK.) مُعَرًّى An epithet applied to a فَرْج as meaning Having what is termed عُرْوَةٌ [q. v.] (K, TA) or what are termed عُرْوَتَانِ. (TA.) مَعْرُوٌّ pass. part. n. of عَرَا, q. v. (S, Msb.) b2: And part. n. of عُرِىَ, q. v. (ISd, TA.)

عرج

1 عَرَجَ, (S, A, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. عُرُوجٌ (S, O, K) and مَعْرَجٌ, (O, K,) He ascended, or mounted. (S, A, O, K.) So in the saying عَرَجَ فِى الدَّرَجَةِ and فى السُّلَّمِ [He ascended, or mounted, the stair, or the series of steps, and the ladder]. (S, O.) And عَرَجَ فِى الشَّىْءٍ, and عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ and عَرِجَ, inf. n. عُرُوجٌ, He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing (TA.) And عُرِجَ بِهِ means He was taken up to a high place; as, for instance, إِلَى عَنَانِ السَّمَآءِ [to the clouds of Heaven]. (Ham p. 87.) b2: And عَرَجَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became high, or elevated. (TA.) A2: عَرَجَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) with fet-h to the ر, (O,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَرْجٌ; (Msb; [accord. to the O عَرَجٌ;]) or عَرَجَ and عَرِجَ and عَرُجَ; (K;) He limped, or had a slight lameness, (S, O, Msb, K,) and walked like the lame, (S, O,) by reason of some accident that had befallen him (S, O, Msb, K) in his leg or foot, (S, O, K.) not naturally, (S, K,) or not by reason of a chronic ailment: (Msb:) or عَرَجَ, aor. ـُ and عَرِجَ and عَرُجَ; inf. n. عَرَجَانٌ; he walked like the lame, with a limping gait, by reason of some accident. (L.) b2: And عَرِجَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَرَجٌ (S, * O, * Msb, K, * TA) and عُرْجَةٌ, (TA,) He was lame, walked lamely, or limped, (S, O, Msb, K,) naturally, (S, O, K,) or by reason of a chronic ailment: (Msb:) or he became lame. (TA.) [See also عَرَجٌ below.] b3: عَرَجٌ also signifies The setting of the sun: or its inclining towards the place of setting: (S, O, K:) inf. n. of عَرِجَتْ. (TK.) b4: And عَرِجَ, inf. n. عَرَجٌ, He (a camel) emitted his urine indirectly: said of the male only, when the hind girth is bound upon him [so as to press upon his sheath]: like حقِبَ. (TA.) 2 عرّج, inf. n. تَعْرِيجٌ, He made (a building, or structure, S, O, and a river, or rivulet, TA) to incline. (S, O, K, TA.) A2: عَرَّجْتُ عَنْهُ I turned from it, and left it, or forsook it; as also عنه ↓ انعرجت. (Msb.) b2: And عرّج عَلَيْهِ He bent, or inclined, to, or towards, him, or it. (TA.) You say, مَرَّ بِهِ فَمَا عَرَّجَ عَلَيْهِ [He passed by him, or it,] and did not bend, or incline, to him, or it. (A.) [But this may be otherwise rendered, as is shown by what follows.] b3: عرّج also signifies He remained, stayed, abode, or dwelt; (K, TA;) as also ↓ تعرّج. (T, TA.) You say, عرّج بِالمَكَانِ He remained, stayed, &c., in the place. (TA.) And عرّج عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, (O,) inf. n. as above, (S, A,) He remained, stayed, or abode, intent upon the thing; (S, A, O;) as also عليه ↓ تعرّج. (O.) See also عُرْجَةٌ, in two places: and see 2 in art. عوج. And مَا عَرَّجْتُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ means I did not pause, or stop, at the thing: (Msb: [and the like is said in the Mgh:]) or I did not care for it, or regard it. (TA in art. وبر.) And عرّج عَلَى المَنْزِلِ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ تعرّج, (S, K,) He confined his camel that he rode at the place of alighting or abode, (S, O, K,) and remained, or stayed: (S, O:) or تَعْرِيجٌ signifies the confining the camel that one rides, remaining, or staying, for one's travelling-companions or for some object of want: and عرُج النَّاقَةَ means he confined the she-camel. (TA.) A3: See also 4.4 اعرجهُ He (God) rendered him lame. (S, O, * K.) A2: And He gave him a herd of camels such as is termed عَرْج. (S, K.) A3: And اعرج He had, or possessed, a herd of camels such as is termed عَرْج: (O, TA:) thus in the L and other lexicons: in the K, إِبِلُ عُرْجٌ is erroneously put for عَرْجٌ مِنَ الإِبِلِ. (TA.) [This signification is erroneously assigned by Freytag to 2: and so is that next preceding it by him and by Golius.]

A4: Also He entered upon the time of the setting of the sun; and so ↓ عرّج, (O, K,) inf. n. تَعْرِيجٌ. (O.) 5 تعرّج It (a building, or structure,) inclined. (S, O.) b2: See also 2, in three places: and see عُرْجَةٌ, in two places.6 تعارج [He pretended to be lame;] he imitated the gait of a lame person. (TA.) 7 انعرج It (a thing, S, Msb) bent or inclined; (S, O, Msb, TA;) and so a road: (TA:) and it was, or became, curved, or crooked. (Mgh.) You say, انعرج بِنَا الطَّرِيقُ [The road bent, or inclined, with us]. (A.) And انعرج عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ He declined from the road: (Mgh:) and انعرج الرَّكْبُ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ [The company of riders declined from their road]. (A.) See also 2, second sentence. R. Q. 3 اِعْرِنْجَجَ فِى أَمْرِهِ He strove, or exerted himself, in his affair. (O, K. *) عَرْجٌ and ↓ عِرْجٌ A herd of camels consisting of about eighty: (S, O, K:) or from seventy to eighty: (TA:) or from eighty to ninety: (K:) or a hundred and fifty and a little above that number: (AO, S, O, K:) or from five hundred to a thousand: (As, S, O, K:) or more than two hundred, and near a thousand: (AHát, TA:) or a thousand: (TA:) or many camels: (Az, TA:) pl. أَعْرَاجٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (S, O, K) and عُرُوجٌ. (K.) عُرْجُ: see أَعْرَجُ, in two places.

عِرْجٌ: see عَرْجٌ.

عَرَجٌ inf. n. of عَرِجَ: (Msb, TA:) [as a simple subst.,] Natural lameness; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُرْجَةٌ, which is likewise an inf. n. of عَرِجَ. (TA.) One says, مَا أَشَدَّ عَرَجَهُ [How great is his natural lameness!]: not مَا أَعْرَجَهُ; for from that which signifies a colour, or a quality in the body, one does not derive the form مَا أَفْعَلَهُ. (S, O.) A2: Also A river, or rivulet: and a valley: because of their bending, or inclining. (TA.) عَرِجٌ A camel that emits his urine indirectly: (O, K, TA:) an epithet applied to the male only. (TA. [See 1, last sentence.]) عَرْجَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

عُرْجَةٌ: see عَرَجٌ. b2: Also, (TA in this art.,) or ↓ عَرَجَةٌ, like جَدَعَةٌ and قَطَعَةٌ, (TA in art. جدع,) The place, or seat, of lameness, in the leg, or foot. (TA.) b3: And you say, مَا لِى عِنْدَكَ عُرْجَةٌ, and ↓ عَرْجَةٌ, and ↓ عِرْجَةٌ, and ↓ عَرِجَةٌ, and ↓ تَعْرِيجٌ, and ↓ تَعَرُّجٌ, There is not for me any remaining, staying, abiding, or dwelling, or, as some say, any confining, or place of confinement, [of my beast,] with thee, or at thy abode. (L, TA.) and مَا لِى عَلَيْهِ عُرْجَةٌ, and ↓ عَرْجَةٌ, (S, O,) and ↓ عِرْجَةٌ, and ↓ عَرِجَةٌ, (so in a copy of the S,) and ↓ تَعْرِيجٌ, and ↓ تَعَرُّجٌ, (S, O,) [i. e., as is implied in the S, There is not for me any confining of my camel that I ride, and remaining, or staying, at it: or] there is not for me any bending, or inclining, to, or towards, him, or it. (O.) عِرْجَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

عَرَجَةٌ: see عُرْجَةٌ.

عَرِجَةٌ: see عُرْجَةٌ, in two places.

عَرَجَانٌ [mentioned in the L as an inf. n.,] The gait of him who is naturally lame. (S, K.) عُرْجُونٌ, mentioned in the A and Mgh and Msb in this art.: see art. عرجن.

عُرَاجُ: see أَعْرَجُ, in two places.

عَرِيجٌ High, or elevated. (TA.) A2: And An affair not firmly, solidly, or soundly, executed. (S, O, K.) العُرَيْجَآءُ [dim. of العَرْجَآءُ fem. of الأَعْرَجُ; and therefore, if without the article ال, imperfectly decl.;] The هَاجِرَة [or midday; or midday in summer, or when the heat is vehement; &c.]. (O, K.) b2: And The coming, of camels, to water one day at noon, and one day in the morning between daybreak and sunrise: (As, S, O, K:) or their coming to water in the morning between daybreak and sunrise, then returning from the water and remaining the rest of the day in the pasturage, and the next night and day, and coming to the water again at night, then returning from the water, and remaining the rest of the night in the pasturage, and the next day and night, then coming to the water in the morning between daybreak and sunrise: this is one of the descriptions of رِفْه: or, as some say, their coming to water thrice every day; but this is strange. (TA.) b3: Also A man's eating but once every day. (K.) One says, فُلَانٌ يَأْكُلُ العُرَيْجَآءَ Such a one eats but once every day. (O, TA.) عَارِج Limping, or having a slight lameness, not by reason of a chronic ailment, but in consequence of some accident that has befallen him. (Msb.) A2: Also i. q. غَائِبٌ [i. e. Absent, &c.]: (O, K:) thus written, with the pointed غ; but [SM says, though without adducing any ex. to confirm his assertion, that] it is correctly عَائِب, with the unpointed ع, [i. e. being, or becoming, faulty, &c.; or making, or causing, to be faulty, &c.; or blaming, &c.;] as in the L. (TA.) أَعْرَجُ Lame, (S, Msb, K,) by nature, (S, K,) or by reason of a chronic ailment: fem. عَرْجَآءُ: (Msb:) pl. عُرْجٌ and عُرْجَانٌ. (S, K.) b2: الأَعْرَجُ is an appellation of The crow; (O, K;) [and] so الأَعْوَرُ الأَعْرَجُ: because of its hopping, or leaping in going, as though shackled. (A, TA.) b3: and العَرْجَآءُ is an appellation of The female hyena: (S, O, K:) pl. عُرْجٌ: the male is not called أَعْرَجُ. (TA.) And ↓ عُرْجُ, determinate, and imperfectly decl., means The female hyenas, so called as though they were a قَبِيلَة [or tribe]; (Sh, O, K;) and so ↓ عُرَاجُ, likewise determinate, and imperfectly decl.: (K:) or, accord. to IAar, in the phrase ↓ أَبْنَآءُ عُرْجَ in a verse of Aboo-Muk'it ElAsadee, the poet makes the latter word, which is a pl., imperfectly decl. because he means التَّوْحِيد وَالعُرْجَة; as though he regarded it as a sing. [proper] name: (L: [i. e., accord. to Ibr D, because he uses عُرْجَ as a sing. proper name, curtailed by poetic license from العُرْجَة: if so, this last word seems here to signify a personification of lameness:]) and accord. to him (i. e. IAar), one says ↓ هٰذِهِ عُرَاجُ, meaning This is the female hyena [not hyenas]; the latter word imperfectly decl. (O.) b4: الأَعْرَجُ is also an appellation of A certain deaf, malignant serpent. (TA.) [See also the next paragraph.] b5: And العُرْجُ signifies Three nights of the first part of the lunar month: [perhaps in allusion to the curved aspect of the moon; though on this ground it might also be applied to three nights of the last part:] mentioned on the authority of Th. (TA.) الأُعَيْرِجُ [dim. of الأَعْرَجُ] A certain deaf serpent, (O, K, TA,) of the most malignant of serpents, (TA,) that will not admit of being charmed, and that leaps up like the viper: (O, K:) accord. to ISh, a certain broad serpent, having a single broad leg; like the [serpent called] أَصَلَة: IAar says, it springs upon the horseman so as to become with him on his saddle: (O:) the word has no fem. form: (Lth, O, K:) [but] the pl. is الأُعَيْرِجَاتُ. (O, K.) مَعْرَجٌ: see مِعْرَاجٌ, in two places.

مِعْرَجٌ: see the next paragraph.

مِعْرَاجٌ (S, A, O, K) and ↓ مِعْرَجٌ and ↓ مَعْرَجٌ, (S, O, K,) the second and third allowable accord. to Akh, like مِرْقَاةٌ and مَرْقَاةٌ, (S, O,) A ladder, or series of steps or stairs: (S, A, O, K:) or, with the article ال, [but most commonly the first of these with ال,] a thing resembling a دَرَجَة [i. e. ladder, or series of steps or stairs], upon which the souls ascend when they are taken [from their bodies]: it is said that there is nothing more beautiful than it; so that when the soul sees it, it cannot refrain from making its exit [from the body]: (TA:) hence لَيْلَةُ المِعْرَاجِ [the Night of the Ladder; in which Mohammad is related to have ascended from Jerusalem to Heaven, after having been conveyed to the former from Mekkeh upon the beast named البُرَاق]: pl. مَعَارِيجُ and مَعَارِجُ, like مَفَاتِيحُ and مَفَاتِحُ. (S, O.) Also, (K,) or [properly the last only, i. e.] ↓ مَعْرَجٌ, (L, Msb, TA,) A place of ascent: (L, Msb, K, TA:) and the way whereby the angels ascend: (TA:) pl. مَعَارِجُ, (Msb, TA,) [in both senses, i. e.] this signifies places of ascent: (S, A, O:) and in the Kur lxx. 3, the places of ascent of the angels: or it there means benefits, or favours: (O:) and مِعْرَاجٌ is [said to be] like مَعْرَجٌ [in meaning, though this is a loose explanation]. (Msb.) مُعَرَّجٌ A garment, or piece of cloth, having upon it curving stripes or lines. (O, K.) مُعَرْجَنٌ: see art. عرجن.

مُنْعَرَجٌ, (S, O, K, TA,) or ↓ مُنْعَرِجٌ, (Msb,) or the latter is wrong, (TA,) A place of bending, or inclining, (S, O, Msb, K,) of a valley, to the right and to the left. (S, O, Msb.) مُنْعَرِجٌ: see what next precedes.

عجر

1 عَجَرَ عُنُقَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْرٌ, He bent his neck, (ISk, S, O, K, TA,) and twisted it: said of one who desires not to comply with a command to do a thing: or عَجَرَ عُنُقَهُ إِلَى كَذَا وَكَذَا [he bent, and twisted, his neck, turning towards such and such things,] is said of one who is going in a particular direction, and returns from it to a thing behind him which he is forbidden: so in the Nawádir el-Aaráb. (TA.) b2: And one says, عَجَرَ بِهِ بَعِيرُهُ as though meaning His camel returned with him towards his usual associates and his family when he was desiring to ride him in a particular direction; as also عَكَرَ بِهِ. (ISk, S, O.) [See also the latter verb.] b3: And عَجَرَ الفَرَسُ, (S, O,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْرٌ and عَجَرَانٌ, (O,) The horse extended [or, accord. to an explanation of the act. part. n. in the L, raised] his tail towards his عَجُز [or. croup] in running. (S, O.) b4: and hence, (S,) مَرَّ الفَرَسُ يَعْجِرُ (S, O, K *) and يَعْجُرُ, (so in one of my copies of the S, and accord. to the TA,) inf. n. عَجْرٌ (S, K) and عَجَرَانٌ, (K,) The horse went along swiftly, (S, O, K, *) by reason of briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness, (O,) or from fear and the like: and ↓ مُعَاجَرَةٌ is syn. with the inf. ns. of يَعْجِرُ used in this sense: (K:) [so that one says in like manner ↓ مَرَّ يُعَاجِرُ:] and one says also, الرَّجُلُ الرَّجُلَ ↓ عاجر, meaning The man ran before the man, fleeing. (O, TA.) b5: عَجَرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْرٌ, said of an ass, is syn. with قَمَصَ [app. as meaning He raised his fore legs together and put them down together, and beat the ground with his kind legs]: (K, TA:) and a similar action is signified by the phrase يَعْجِرُ بِرِجْلَيْهِ, inf. n. عَجَرَانٌ, [app. meaning He beats the ground with his kind legs, rearing while doing so], said of a horse. (TA.) A2: عَجَرَهُ بِالعَجْرَآءِ He beat him, or struck him, with the knotted staff or stick, so that the place struck became swollen; as also بَجَرَهُ. (O.) b2: and عَجَرْتُ الشَّىْءَ I clave, or split, the thing. (IKtt, TA.) b3: And عَجَرَ عَلَيْهِ بِالسَّيْفِ, (S, O, K, *) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْرٌ, (K,) He made an assault, or attack, upon him with the sword. (S, O, K. *) b4: عَجَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ, (Sh, O, K, *) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْرٌ, (K,) is also syn. with حَجَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ [meaning I prohibited him from using, or disposing of, his property according to his own free will]. (Sh, O, K. *) b5: And عَجْرٌ is also syn. with إِلْحَاحٌ; in which sense, as in others, its aor. is said in the K to be يَعْجِرُ; but this is not the case, for the verb is used only in the pass. form: you say, عُجِرَ عَلَى

الرَّجُلِ, meaning The man was importuned for his property, or was asked for it by many persons, so that it became little. (TA.) One says رَجُلٌ عَلَيْهِ ↓ مَعْجُورٌ meaning A man importuned by begging so that all his property has been taken from him. (K, * TA.) A3: One says also, عَجَرَ الرَّجُلُ بِثَوْبِهِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ [app. meaning The man wound his garment upon his head: see 8]. (TA.) b2: And hence, عَجَرَ الرِّيقُ عَلَى أَنْيَابِهِ (tropical:) The saliva became dry upon his canine teeth, and stuck. (TA.) A4: عَجِرَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. عَجَرٌ, (S,) He (a man, S) was, or became, thick and fat. (S, O, K.) And عَجِرَ, (K,) inf. n. عَجَرٌ, (S, O,) He (a man, S, O) was, or became, bigbellied. (S, O, K.) b2: Also He (a horse) was, or became, hard (K, TA) in his flesh. (TA.) And عَجِرَ, inf. n. عَجَرٌ and عُجْرَةٌ, It (a solid hoof, and the belly,) was, or became, hard. (IKtt, TA.) [See also عَجَرٌ below.]3 عاجر, inf. n. مُعَاجَرَةٌ: see 1, in three places.5 تعجّر said of the belly (S, O) of a man, (S,) It became wrinkled by reason of fatness. (S, O.) 8 اعتجرت She (a woman) bound a مِعْجَر [q. v.] upon her head; (S;) she attired herself with the مِعْجَر: (O, Msb:) or with a خِمَار: (Mgh:) اِعْتِجَارٌ is a mode of attiring peculiar to a woman, (K, TA,) resembling that termed اِلْتِحَافٌ. (TA.) b2: And اعتجر He wound a turban round his head: (IF, S, Mgh, O, Msb:) and he wound a turban (or a piece of cloth, TA) upon his head without turning [a portion of] it beneath his lower jaw; (Az, El-Ghooree, Mgh, K, * TA;) as also اِقْتَعَطَ: the winding it in which manner [and so wearing it] in prayer, is forbidden: but another explanation, which is, he wound the turban upon his head so as to show the هَامَة [or crown of the head], is more probable; as it is from مِعْجَرٌ, meaning “ a piece of a cloth, like a fillet, wound upon the round of a woman's head. ” (Mgh.) One says, ↓ هُوَ حَسَنُ المُعْتَجَرِ He is comely in respect of the manner of winding the turban upon the head. (A.) [See also عِجْرَةٌ: and see مُعْتَجِرٌ.] b3: One says also اعتجرت بِغُلَامٍ, or بِجَارِيَةٍ, meaning (tropical:) She brought forth a boy, or a girl, after she had despaired of her giving birth to a child. (O, K, TA.) عَجَرٌ inf. n. of عَجِرَ [q. v.]. (S.) b2: Also Projection, protrusion, prominence, or protuberance, and elevation. (S, O, TA.) b3: And Strength, with greatness of body. (TA.) عَجُرٌ: see what next follows.

عَجِرٌ and ↓ عَجُرٌ, applied to a وَظِيف [or shank of a beast], (S, O, K,) Thick; (S, O;) as also ↓ أَعْجَرُ: (O:) or hard, (K, * TA,) and strong; and in like manner applied to a solid hoof, and to a pastern. (TA.) b2: And for another meaning of the first of the words, see أَعْجَرُ.

عُجْرَةٌ A place of projection, protrusion, prominence, or protuberance, and elevation. (A, * K * TA.) b2: [A protuberance; a knob; a lump.]

b3: A knot in wood, (S, Mgh, O, K,) and the like, (K,) or in other things: (Mgh:) or in the veins of the body: (S:) or a knotted vein in the body; and بُجْرَةٌ, with which it is coupled, “a knotted vein in the belly,” particularly: (A 'Obeyd, TA:) or the former, a thing that collects in the body, like a ganglion (سِلْعَة); (As, O, TA;) and the latter signifies the like: (As, TA:) or, as some say, عُجَرٌ, which is the pl., signifies the vertebræ of the back: (IAth, TA:) or عُجْرَةٌ signifies a tumour, or swelling, or an inflation, in the back; and بُجْرَةٌ, the like in the navel. (TA.) [See also بُجْرَةٌ.] b4: Hence, one says, ذَكَرَ عُجَرَهُ وَبُجَرَهُ (tropical:) He mentioned his vices, or faults, which no one knew save he who tried him, or tested him: (TA:) or his external and internal conditions; what he showed and what he concealed. (IAth, TA.) And أَفَضَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِعُجَرِى وَبُجَرِى (tropical:) I revealed to him my vices, or faults, by reason of my confidence in him: (A 'Obeyd, O, TA:) or I acquainted him with my whole state, or case; not concealing from him anything thereof. (As, TA.) And أُحَدِّثُهُ بِعُجَرِى وَبُجَرِى (tropical:) I relate to him my vices, or faults. (TA.) And يَشْكُو عُجَرَهُ وَبُجَرَهُ (tropical:) He complains of his vices, or faults, or the like: and of his sorrows: and of what is apparent and what is concealed. (K, * TA. [In the CK, اُبْدِرَ is put by mistake for أُبْدِىَ.]) One says also, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ بِالعُجَرِ وَالبُجَرِ (assumed tropical:) i. e. [Such a one uttered] falsehood: or a great, or terrible, thing. (Fr, TA.) [See, again, بُجْرَةٌ.] b5: عُجْرَةٌ also signifies The mark made upon the waist by the running string of the drawers. (A, TA.) To this a poet likens the mark made by a blunt sword. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA.) b6: And one says, السَّيْفٌ فِى فِرِنْدِهِ عُجَرٌ [The sword has, in its diversified wavy marks, what resemble knots]. (TA.) عِجْرَةٌ A mode of winding the turban upon the head. (S, O.) One says, فُلَانٌ حَسَنُ العِجْرَةِ [Such a one is comely in respect of the mode of winding the turban upon the head]. (O. [See also 8.]) عِجَارٌ: see مِعْجَرٌ.

عَجُورٌ [A species of melon: accord. to Forskål, (Flora Aegypt. Arab., pp. lxxvi. and 168,) this name and عبدلّاوى are both applied to the cucumis chate: but accord. to Delile, (Floræ Aegypt. Illustr., no. 922,) the latter name is thus applied; and عجور (written by him as though it were عَجُّور, but it is without teshdeed,) is the name of the fruit of this species of cucumis while immature; so too says 'Abd-El-Lateef: (see De Sacy's Transl. and Notes, pp. 35 and 127; and p. 54 of the Ar. Text edited by White:) I have, however, found the name عَجُور to be commonly applied to a species different from the عَبْدَلَّاوِىّ, (which is also called عَبْدَلِّىّ, see art. عبد,) as Sonnini asserts it to be, (in his Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt, pp. 574 and 636 of the Engl. Transl., 4to., London, 1800,) and differing therefrom in shape, being, as he describes it, in some instances round, in some instances oval, and in others much elongated: the name is probably derived from the Greek ἀγγούριον (in modern Greek a>ggouri), signifying the “ water-melon ”]: it is said in the Msb that قِثَّآء is a name of what the [common] people call خِيَار and عَجُور and فَقُّوس: but it is said [by some, not by the author of the Msb,] that عَجُور signifies large قِثَّآء [q. v.]. (TA in art. قثأ.) أَعْجَرُ, applied to a man, (S, O,) Thick and fat: (K:) big-bellied: (S, O, K:) a stallion big, or bulky: (S, O:) and a belly, (TA,) and a purse, (S, O,) full: (S, O, TA:) pl. عُجْرٌ. (TA.) See also عَجِرٌ. b2: Anything having knots: (TA:) and so ↓ عَجِرٌ applied to a string, or thread: (Ham p. 815:) and the former, knotty, or having many knots. (TA.) [Hence,] عَجْرَآءُ [for عَصًا عَجْرَآءُ] A staff, or stick, knotted, or having knots. (A, O, K.) One says, ضَرَبَهُ بِعَجْرَآءَ مِنْ سَلَمٍ [He beat him, or struck him, with a knotted staff, or stick, of wood of the سَلَم]. (TA.) b3: It is also applied to a sword [as meaning Having, in its diversified wavy marks, what resemble knots: see عُجْرَةٌ, and see also the paragraph next following this]. (TA.) b4: Also Hump-backed. (Fr, O, TA.) سَيْفٌ ذُو مَعْجَرٍ فِى مَتْنِهِ A sword having what resemble knots [in the diversified wavy marks of the broad side of its blade: see also the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) مِعْجَرٌ (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عِجَارٌ (S, Msb, TA, in the O [erroneously] written مِعْجَار,] A piece of cloth (Msb, K, TA) which is bound upon the head, (K, TA,) smaller than the رِدَآء, (Msb, TA,) and large than the مِقْنَعَة, (TA,) worn by a woman: (Msb:) a thing which a woman binds upon her head: (S:) a piece of cloth, (Lth, Mgh, O, Msb, L,) like a fillet, (Mgh, Msb,) which a woman winds upon the round of her head, (Lth, Mgh, O, Msb, L,) after which she puts on, over it, her [garment, or covering, called] جِلْبَاب; (Lth, O, L:) [it is also said that]

مِعْجَرٌ signifies a turban: or a turban [wound] upon the head without a turning [of a portion thereof] beneath the jaw: (Ham p. 709:) its pl. is مَعَاجِرُ: whence الاِعْتِجَارُ. (L, TA.) b2: and مِعْجَرٌ signifies also A kind of garment, or cloth, of the fabric of El-Yemen, (Lth, K, TA,) used as the لِحَاف or مِلْحَفَة and the رِدَآء: pl. as above. (TA.) b3: And A thing woven of [the fibres of the palm-tree called] لِيف, like the جُوَالِق: (K:) pl. as above. (TA.) مُعَجَّرٌ, applied to a rope, or to a bow-string: see مُجَرَّعٌ and مُحَرَّدٌ, with which it is syn. مَعْجُورٌ عَلَيْهِ: see 1, last quarter.

مُعْتَجَرٌ: see 8, of which it is an inf. n. مُعْتَجِرٌ is expl. as meaning A man wearing his turban as a نِقَاب [q. v.], so that [a portion of] it covers his nose [and the lower part of his face]. (Mgh.) [See also its verb, 8.]

عفر

1 عَفَرَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَفْرٌ, (S, O, Msb,) He rubbed it (namely a vessel) with dust: and ↓ عفّرهُ he rubbed it much with dust: (Msb:) or the latter, he defiled, or soiled, it with dust: (Mgh:) and the former, and ↓ latter, (S, O, K,) of which the inf. n. is تَعْفِيرٌ, (S, O,) he rolled, or turned over, him, or it, فِى التُّرَابِ in the dust: (S, O, K:) or he hid (دَسَّ) him, or it, therein. (K.) It is is said in a trad. of Aboo-Jahl, مُحَمَّدٌ وَجْهَهُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِكُمْ ↓ هَلْ يُعَفِّرُ [Doth, or shall, Mohammad defile his face with dust, or rub his face in the dust, in the midst of you?], meaning his prostrating himself in the dust: and at the end he says, ↓ لَأَطَأَنَّ عَلَى رَقَبَتِهِ أَوْ لَأُعَفِّرَنَّ وَجْهَهُ فِى التُّرَابِ [I will assuredly trample upon his neck, or I will defile, or roll, his face in the dust]; meaning that he would abase him, or render him abject. (TA.) b2: He dragged him, being about to roll him in the dust: and you say ثَوْبَهُ فِى االتُّرَابِ ↓ اِعْتَفَرَ [He dragged his garment in the dust]. (Aboo-Nasr, L, TA.) b3: And عَفَرَهُ, (K,) inf. n. عَفْرٌ, (TA,) He cast him upon the ground; as also ↓ اعتفرهُ. (K.) You say, ↓ اعتفرهُ الأَسَدُ The lion cast him upon the ground: (A:) or the lion seized him, and broke his neck, (S, O, TA,) and cast him upon the ground, and shook him about. (TA.) And ↓ اعتفرهُ He leaped, or sprang, upon him, or at him, (سَاوَرَهُ, O, K, for which شَاوره is erroneously put in some copies of the K, TA,) and dragged him, and cast him upon the ground. (TA.) [See also 2.]

A2: عَفِرَ, aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَفَرٌ, (Msb,) He, or it, was of the colour termed عُفْرَة: (Msb, K:) or of a colour resembling that. (Msb.) 2 عَفَّرَ see 1, in four places. b2: عفّر قِرْنَهُ, and فَأَلْزَقَهُ بِالعَفَرِ ↓ عافرهُ, He wrestled with his adversary, and made him cleave to the dust. (A.) A2: عفّر, inf. n. تَعْفِيرٌ, He mixed his black sheep or goats with others of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ: (O, K, TA:) or he took white sheep or goats in exchange for black; because the former have more increase. (S, O, TA.) b2: And He made, or rendered, white. (S, O.) 3 عَاْفَرَ see the next preceding paragraph.5 تَعَفَّرَ see 7, in three places. b2: تعفّر الوَحْشُ (tropical:) The wild animals became fat. (O, K, TA.) 6 تعافر said of [food of the kind called] ثَرِيد, It was made white. (K. [See أَعْفَرُ, latter half.]) 7 انعفر and ↓ اعتفر It (a vessel) became rubbed with dust: and ↓ تعفّر it became much rubbed with dust: (Msb:) or the first and ↓ second, (S, O,) and ↓ the last also, (O,) it (a thing) became defiled with dust: (S, O:) or the first and ↓ last, he or it, became rolled, or turned over, فِى التُّرَابِ in the dust: or became hidden therein. (K.) b2: And one says, دَخَلْتُ المَآءَ فَمَا انْعَفَرَتْ قَدَمَاىَ I entered the water, and my feet did not reach the ground. (A, TA.) 8 إِعْتَفَرَ see 1, in four places.

A2: See also 7, in two places. Q. Q. 2 تَعَفْرَتَ He became, or acted like, an عِفْرِيت; (K, TA;) from which latter word this verb is derived, the [final] augmentative letter being preserved in it, with the radical letters, to convey the full meaning, and to indicate the original. (TA.) عَفْرٌ: see عَفَرٌ, in four places.

عُفْرٌ: see عِفْرٌ.

A2: Also pl. of أَعْفَرُ [q. v.]. (S, &c.) عِفْرٌ A boar; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عُفْرٌ: or a swine, as a common term: or the young one of a sow. (K.) A2: عِفْرٌ (S, A, O, K) and ↓ عَفِرٌ (Sgh in TA in art. نفر) and ↓ عِفْرِيَةٌ, (A, O, K,) in which the ى is to render the word quasi-coordinate to شِرْذِمَةٌ, [I substitute this word for شِرْذِوَةٌ, in the L, and شِرْذِذَةٌ in the TA,] and the ة to give intensiveness, (L, TA,) and ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ, (A, O, K,) in which the ت is to render the word quasicoordinate to قِنْدِيلٌ, (TA,) [or to render it a contraction of عِفْرِيَةٌ,] and ↓ عَفْرِيتٌ, which occurs in one reading of the Kur, [xxvii. 39, and is agreeable with modern vulgar pronunciation,] (O, CK,) and ↓ عِفْرَاتٌ, (CK,) and ↓ عُفَارِيَةٌ, (A, O, L, K,) in which the ى is to render the word quasi-coordinate to عُذَافِرَةٌ, and the ة is to give intensiveness, (TA,) and ↓ عِفِرٌّ, (O, K,) and ↓ عِفْرِىٌّ, (Sgh, K,) and ↓ عُفَرْنِيَةٌ, (Sgh, K,) and ↓ عِفْرِينٌ, and ↓ عِفِرِّينٌ, (Lh, TA,) and ↓ عَفَرْنًى, (Lth, TA,) [respecting which last, see the latter portion of this paragraph,] applied to a man, (S, O, K,) and to a jinnee, or genie, (Kur, ubi suprá,) Wicked, or malignant; (S, O, K;) crafty, or cunning; (S, O;) abominable, foul, or evil; (K;) abounding in evil; (TA;) strong, or powerful; (A;) insolent and audacious in pride and in acts of rebellion or disobedience; (A, TA;) who roils his adversary in the dust: (A:) and the epithet applied to a woman is عِفْرَةٌ, (S, O,) and ↓ عِفْرِيتَةٌ, (Lh, K,) and ↓ عِفِرَّةٌ: (Sh, O:) or ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ signifies anything that exceeds the ordinary bounds; and ↓ عُفَارِيَةٌ is syn. with it: (AO, S, O:) and ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ and ↓ عِفْرِينٌ and ↓ عِفِرِّينٌ (Zj, K) applied to a man, and as applied in the Kur, ubi suprá, [to a jinnee,] (Zj,) sharp, vigorous, and effective, in an affair, exceeding the ordinary bounds therein, with craftiness, or cunning, (Zj, O, K,) and wickedness, or malignity: (Zj:) or ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ is properly applied to a jinnee, and signifies evil in disposition, and wicked or malignant; and is metaphorically applied to a man, like as is شَيْطَانٌ: (B:) it is applied to an evil jinnee that is powerful, but inferior to such as is termed مَارِدٌ: (Mir-át ez-Zemán:) ↓ عِفْرِيَةٌ also signifies i. q. دَاهِيَةٌ [app. meaning very crafty or cunning, rather than a calamity]: (S, O:) ↓ عِفْرِيَةٌ and ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ are also applied as epithets to a شَيْطَان [or devil]: (Kh, S:) the pl. of the former of these two epithets is عَفَارِيَةٌ, (Kh, S, O,) or عَفَارِىُّ; (Fr;) and that of ↓ عفريت is عَفَارِيتُ; (Kh, Fr, S, O;) and that of ↓ عِفِرٌّ is عِفِرُّونَ; (Sh;) and that of عِفْرٌ is أَعْفَارٌ. (TA in art. جشم.) You say, فُلَانٌ نِفْرِيتٌ ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ, and نِفْرِيَةٌ ↓ عِفْرِيَةٌ; [Such a one is wicked, or malignant; &c.;] the latter of these two words being an imitative sequent. (AO, S, O.) And in a trad. it is said, إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَبْغُضُ النِّفْرِيَةَ الَّذِى لَا يُرْزَأُ فِى أَهْلٍ وَلَامَالٍ ↓ العِفْرِيَةَ (AO, S) [Verily God hates] the crafty or cunning, the wicked or malignant, the abounding in evil; or him who collects much and refuses to give; or him who acts very wrongfully or unjustly or tyrannically; [who will not suffer loss in his family nor in his property.] (TA.) b2: أَسَدٌ عِفْرٌ, and ↓ عِفْرِيَةٌ, and ↓ عِفْرِيتٌ, and ↓ عُفَارِيَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ عِفِرٌّ, (TA,) and ↓ عَفَرْنًى, (K, [respecting which see what follows: in the CK عَفَرْتٰى, which is wrong in two respects:]) A strong, (K,) powerful, great, (TA,) lion: (K, TA:) or العَفَرْنَى the lion; so called because of his strength: (S, O:) and لَبُؤَةٌ عَفَرْنًى, (S, O, TA,) like the masc., (TA. [or it may be in this case with the fem. ى, i. e. without tenween,]) or ↓ عَفَرْنَاةٌ, (K, TA,) a strong lioness: (S, O, K:) or the epithet, of either gender, signifies bold: from عَفَرٌ signifying

“ dust,” or from عَفْرٌ in the sense of اِعْتِفَارٌ, or from the strength and hardiness of the animal: (TA:) and نَاقَةٌ عَفَرْنَاةٌ a strong she-camel; pl. عَفَرْنَيَاتٌ: (S, O:) but you do not say جَمَلٌ عَفَرْنًى; (Az:) the alif [which is in this case written ى] and ن in عَفَرْنًى are to render it quasi-coordinate to سَفَرْجَلٌ [which shows that it is with tenween]. (S.) عَفَرٌ (IDrd, S, A, O, Msb, K) and ↓ عَفْرٌ (IDrd, A, O, K) Dust: (IDrd, S, O, Msb:) [like عَفَارٌ the dust of the earth: (Freytag, from Meyd:)] or the exterior of the dust or earth: (A, K:) and the surface of the earth; (Msb;) as also الأَرْضِ ↓ عَفْرُ: (TA:) pl. أَعْفَارٌ. (K.) You say الأَرْضِ مِثْلُهُ ↓ مَا عَلَى عَفْرِ There is not upon the face of the earth the like of him, or it. (O, TA.) And كَلَامٌ لَا عَفَرَ فِيهِ, (K,) or لَهُ ↓ لَا عَفْرَ, (TS, TA,) [lit., Language in which is no dust; or which has no dust; like the saying كَلَامٌ لَا غُبَارَ عَلَيْهِ “ language on which is no dust; ” meaning] (assumed tropical:) language in which is nothing difficult to be understood. (K.) And IAar mentions, but without explaining it, the saying, وَالدَّبَارْ وَسُوْءُ ↓ عَلَيْهِ العَفَارْ الدَّارْ [app. meaning, May the dust, and perdition, and evil of the dwelling, be his lot. See دَبَرَ]. (O, TA.) عَفِرٌ [part. n. of عَفِرَ]. أَرْضٌ عَفِرَةٌ Land of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ [q. v.]. (O and TA in art. عثر.) A2: See also عِفْرٌ.

عِفِرٌّ, and the fem., with ة: see عِفْرٌ, in four places.

عُفْرَةٌ A dust-colour inclining to whiteness; a whitish dust-colour: (TA:) or whiteness that is not clear: (Mgh, Msb:) or whiteness that is not very clear, (Az, As,) like the colour of the surface of the earth: (Az, As, Mgh:) or whiteness with a tinge of redness over it: (A:) the colour of an antelope such as is termed أَعْفَرُ. (K.) b2: See also عِفْرِيَةٌ, in three places.

عَفْرَى, or عَفْرًى: see عِفْرِيَةٌ.

عِفْرِىٌّ: see عِفْرٌ, first quarter.

عِفْرَاةٌ: see عِفْرِيَةٌ.

عِفْرَاتٌ: see عِفْرٌ, first quarter: A2: and see the next paragraph, in three places.

عِفْرِيَةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in six places.

A2: The hair, and the feathers, of the back of the neck, of the lion, and of the cock, &c., which it turns back towards the top of its head when exasperated; as also ↓ عُفْرَةٌ (S, O) and ↓ عِفْرَاتٌ, (S,) or ↓ عِفْرَاةٌ: (O, TA:) and ↓ عُفْرَةٌ, the feathers around the neck of a cock and of a bustard (حُبَارَى) &c.: (S in art. برل:) or عِفْرِيَةٌ and ↓ عَفْرَى, or عَفْرًى, [whether without or with tenween is not shown, but I think it is more probably without,] of a cock, the feathers of the neck; (K;) as also ↓ عُفْرَةٌ: (TA:) and of man, the hair of the back of the neck: (K:) or the hair of the part over the forehead: (TA:) and of a beast, the hair of the fore-lock: (K:) or the hair of the back of the neck: (TA:) and [of a man,] the hairs that grow in the middle of the head, (K,) that stand up on an occasion of fright; (TA;) as also ↓ عِفْرَاتٌ and ↓ عُفَرْنِيَةٌ. (K.) You say جَآءَ فُلَانٌ نَافِشًا عِفْرِيَتَهُ, meaning Such a one came in a state of anger. (S, O.) And جَآءنَاشِرًا عِفْرِيَتَهُ, and ↓ عِفْرَاتَهُ, He came spreading his hair, by reason of covetousness, and inordinate desire. (ISd, TA.) عِفْرِيتٌ; and عَفْرِيتٌ: and the fem., عِفْرِيتَةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in ten places.

عِفْرِينٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in two places.

عِفِرِّينٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in two places.

A2: لَيْثُ عِفِرِّينَ The lion. (AA, K.) So in the prov., إِنَّهُ لَأَشْجَعُ مِنْ لَيْثِ عِفِرِّينَ [Verily he is more courageous than the lion]. (AA, TA.) عِفِرِّينُ is the name of a certain place in which are lions, or abounding with lions: (S, O, K:) or the name of a certain country or town. (As, AA, S, M.) A3: A certain insert, whose retreat is the soft dust at the bases of walls; (O, K:) that rolls a ball, and then hides itself within it; and when it is roused, throws up dust: (O, TA:) the word [عفرّين] is of one of those forms not found by Sb: (TA:) or a certain creeping animal (دَابَّة), like the chameleon, that opposes itself to the rider [upon a camel or horse], and that strikes with its tail. (O, K.) [See also طُحَنٌ: and see Ham p. 131.]

b2: Also (tropical:) A complete man; [i. e., complete with respect to bodily vigour, having attained the usual term thereof;] (O, K, TA;) fifty years old. (O, TA.) b3: And (tropical:) Resolute, or firm-minded; strong, or powerful. (S, O, K, TA.) عَفَرْنًى and عَفَرْنَاةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in three places. b2: The latter also signifies The [kind of goblin, or demon, called] غُولٌ. (O, K.) عُفَرْنِيَةٌ: see عِفْرٌ; first quarter.

A2: and see عِفْرِيَةٌ.

عَفَارٌ: see عَفَرٌ.

A2: Also A certain kind of tree, (S, O, K,) by means of which fire is produced; (S, O;) زِنَاد [or pieces of wood, or stick, used for that purpose,] being made of its branches: (K, * TA:) accord. to information given to AHn by certain of the desert-Arabs of the Saráh (السَّرَاة), it resembles the kind of tree called the غُبَيْرَآء, by reason of its smallness, so that when one sees it from afar he doubts not its being the latter kind of tree; its blossom, also, is like that of the latter tree; and it is a kind of tree that emits much fire, so that the زناد made of it are excellent: (TA:) pl. of عَفَارَةٌ; (K;) or, more properly, [a coll. gen. n., and] its n. un. is with ة: (O, TA:) it and the مَرْخ contain fire that is not in any other kind of tree: Az says, I have seen them both in the desert, and the Arabs make them the subject of a prov., relating to high nobility: (TA:) they say فِى كُلِّ شَجَرٍ نَارْ وَاسْتَمْجَدَ المَرْخُ وَالعَفَارْ (S, O, TA) In all trees is fire; but the markh and 'afár yield much fire, more than all other trees. (O, * TA.) [See also مَرْخٌ, and استمجد.] It is also said, in another prov., اِقْدَحْ بِعَفَارٍ أَوْ مَرْخِ ثُمَّ اشْدُدْ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَوْ أَرْخِ [Produce thou fire with markh or with 'afár: then tighten, if thou please, or loosen]. (TA.) A3: See also عَافُور.

عَفَارَةٌ The quality, or disposition, of him who is termed عِفْرٌ and عِفْرِيَةٌ and عِفْرِيتٌ &c.; i. e., wickedness, or malignity, &c. (K, * TA.) عُفَارِيَةٌ: see عِفْرٌ, in three places.

عَافِرٌ and ↓ مُنْعَفِرٌ and ↓ مَعْفُورٌ and ↓ مُعَفَّرٌ Defiled with dust: hence, العَافِرُ الوَجْهِ He whose face is defiled with dust: and الوَجْهِ فِى التُّرَابِ ↓ هُوَ مُنْعَفِرُ, and ↓ مُعَفَّرُهُ, He has the face defiled in the dust. (TA.) وَقَعُوا فِى عَافُورِ شَرٍّ, (S, K,) and شَرٍّ ↓ فِى عَفَارِ, (TA,) i. q. فِى عَاثُورِ شَرٍّ, (Fr, S, K,) i. e., They fell into difficulty, or distress. (S.) Some say that the ف is substituted for ث. (TA.) [But see عاثور.]

أَعْفَرُ Dust-coloured inclining to white; of a whitish dust-colour: (TA:) or white, but not of a clear hue: (Msb:) or, applied to a buckantelope, white, but not of a very clear white, (Az, As, S, O, K,) being like the colour of the surface of the earth: (Az, As, Mgh:) or a buck-antelope having a tinge of red over his whiteness, (AA, S, A, K,) with a short neck; and such is the weakest of antelopes in running: (AA, S, O:) or having a redness in his back, with white flanks: (K:) [in the CK, after the words thus rendered, is an omission, of the words أَوِ الأَبْيَضُ وَ:] or such as inhabits elevated, rugged, stony tracts, and hard grounds; and such is red: (Az:) or having white horns: (A:) fem. عَفْرَآءُ: (S, K, &c.:) also applied to a she-goat, meaning of a clear white colour: (TA:) pl. عُفْرٌ. (S, A, O.) b2: El-Kumeyt says, وَكُنَّا إِذَا جَبَّارُ قَوْمٍ أَرَادَنَا بِكَيْدٍ حَمَلْنَاهُ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَا [And we used, when an insolent tyrant of a people desired to execute against us a plot, to carry him upon the horn of an antelope of a whitish dustcolour, or white but not of a clear hue, &c.]; meaning, we used to slay him, and to carry his head upon the spear-head; for the spear-heads, in time past, were of horns. (S, O.) b3: Hence the saying رَمَانِى عَنْ قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ i. q. رمانى بِدَاهِيَةٍ (tropical:) [He sent upon me a calamity; or he made a very crafty man to be my assailant]: for the same reason, also, قَرْنُ أَعْفَرَ is proverbially used to signify (tropical:) A difficulty, or distress, that befalls one: and one says to a man who has passed the night in disquieting distress, كُنْتَ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ (tropical:) [Thou wast pierced by grief]. (TA.) One says also, of him who is frightened and disquieted, كَأَنَّهُ عَلَى قَرْنِ أَعْفَرَ [He is as though he were upon the horn of an antelope of a whitish dustcolour, &c.: meaning, upon the head of a spear]: the like of this phrase is used by Imra-el-Keys. (A.) b4: Also عَفْرَآءُ, A ewe of a colour inclining to whiteness. (O.) b5: And أَعْفَرُ, Red sand. (S, O.) b6: [Food of the kind called] ثَرِيد made white: (K, TA:) from عُفْرَةٌ signifying the “ colour of the earth. ” (TA.) b7: عَفْرَآءُ White. (K.) b8: أَرْضٌ عَفْرَآءُ Untrodden land. (K, TA.) b9: العَفْرَآءُ The thirteenth night [of the lunar month]: (S, O:) or the night of blackness: (A:) but accord. to IAar, اللَّيَالِى العُفْرُ signifies the white nights; (A;) and so says Th, without particularizing: (TA:) or the nights thus called are the seventh and eighth and ninth nights of the lunar month; (K;) because of the whiteness of the moon [therein]. (TA.) It is said in a trad. لَيْسَ عُفْرُ اللَّيَالِى

كَالدَّآدِئِ The moon-lit nights are not like the black nights: some say that this is a proverb. (TA.) مُعَفَّرٌ: see عَافِرٌ, in two places.

مُعَفِّرٌ One whose sheep or goats are of the colour termed عُفْرَةٌ: there is no tribe among the Arabs to whom this appellation applies, except Hudheyl. (A, TA.) [Accord. to analogy, this should rather be written مُعْفِرٌ; and perhaps it is thus in correct copies of the A.]

مَعْفُورٌ: see عَافِرٌ. b2: أَرْضٌ مَعْفُورَةٌ Land of which the herbage has been eaten. (S, O.) مَعَافِرُ: see مَعَافِرِىٌّ, in three places.

مُعَافِرٌ (tropical:) One who walks with companies of travellers, (S, O, K, TA,) and so, accord. to the L, ↓ مُعَافِرِىٌّ, (TA,) and obtains of their superabundance [of provisions]. (S, O, TA.) ثَوْبٌ مَعَافِرِىٌّ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) pl. ثِيَابٌ مَعَافِرِيَّةٌ, (S, O, K,) and بُرْدٌ مَعَافِرِىٌّ, (Az,) and hence, simply, ↓ مَعَافِرُ, (Az, Mgh,) as a subst., (Az,) without the relative ى, (Az, Mgh,) accord. to As, (Mgh,) A kind of garment, or piece of cloth, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and a garment of the kind called بُرْد, (Az,) so called in relation to ↓ مَعَافِرُ, (S, O, K, &c.,) a word imperf. decl., (S, O, K,) because of its being of the form of an imperf. decl. pl., (S, O,) as the name of a tribe of Hemdán; (S, O;) or as being the name of a son of Murr, (Sb, Mgh, Msb,) brother of Temeem the son of Murr, (Sb, Mgh,) and father of the tribe above mentioned, (Msb, K,) which was a tribe of El-Yemen; (Msb;) or as being the name of a place, (IDrd, O,) or a town, or district, (K, TA,) of El-Yemen, (IDrd, O, TA,) in which Ma'áfir Ibn-Udd took up his abode, accord. to Z: (TA;) معافرىّ is perfectly decl. because the relative ى is added to it: (S:) and it is thus formed because مَعَافِرُ is sing. in its application; whereas, in a rel. n. from a pl. used as a pl., the formation is from the sing., as in the instance of مَسْجِدِىٌّ as a rel. n. from مَسَاجِدُ: (TA:) ↓ معافر should not be pronounced with damm to the م: (Msb, K:) and it is wrong to call the kind of garment above mentioned مُعَافِرِىٌّ, with damm, and مَعَافِرِىُّ, without tenween, and مَعَافِيرُ. (Mgh.) مُعَافِرِىٌّ: see مُعَافِرٌ.

مُنْعَفِرٌ: see عَافِرٌ, in two places.

يَعْفُورٌ The dust-coloured gazelle: (K:) or the gazelle, as a general term: (K, * TA:) as also يُعْفُورٌ: (K:) and the [young gazelle such as is called] خِشْف: (S, O, K:) or the buck-gazelle: (S, Mgh, O:) and (S, IAth, O, in the Mgh “ or ”) the young one of the wild cow: (S, IAth, Mgh, O:) n. un. with ة: (TA:) pl. يَعَافِيرُ. (S, O.) b2: Also A light, or an active, ass. (IAar.) b3: And it is said to mean (assumed tropical:) The form of a man, seen from a distance, resembling a يَعْفُور [in one of the senses expl. above]. (L, TA.) A2: And One of the divisions of the night, (K, TA,) which are five, called سُدْفَةٌ and سُتْفَةٌ and هَجْمَةٌ and يَعْفُورٌ and خُدْرَةٌ. (TA.)