رغب

1 رَغِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (JK, TA) and رَغْبَى (JK) [and app. رَغَبٌ &c. as in the next sentence but one], He desired a thing [app. in an absolute sense, agreeably with what follows in the next sentence but one: and also,] vehemently, eagerly, greedily, very greedily, with avidity, excessively, or culpably; he coveted a thing, longed for it, or lusted after it. (TA.) رَغَبُ النَّفْسِ means The [soul's] hoping largely, and desiring much. (TA.) b2: رَغِبَ فِيهِ, (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) and رَغِبَهُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. رَغْبَةٌ (S, A, * Mgh, K) and رَغَبٌ (S, Msb) and رَغْبٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and رُغْبٌ (K) and رُغْبَى (A, * Msb) and رَغْبَى (Msb) and رَغْبَآءُ, (A, * Msb,) He desired it, or wished for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also فيه ↓ ارتغب. (S, K.) You say, مَا لِى فِيهِ رَغْبَةٌ and رُغْبَى and رَغْبَآءُ [I have not any desire, or wish, for it]. (A.) and رُهْبَاكَ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رُغْبَاكَ, i. e. The fearing thee is better than the loving thee; رهباك being an inf. n. prefixed to an objective complement; and so رغباك: and said to mean, thy being given a thing through fear of thee is better than through desire: a prov., similar to رَهَبُوتٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ رَحَمُوتٍ. (Meyd. [Freytag explains it otherwise: see his Arab. Prov. i. 542.]) b3: رَغِبَ عَنْهُ He did not desire it, or wish for it; (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K;) he shunned, or avoided, it; abstained from it; (S, TA;) or left it, relinquished it, or forsook it, (JK, S, TA,) intentionally. (JK, TA.) b4: رَغِبَ

إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. رَغَبٌ (K) and رَغْبٌ and رُغْبٌ (TA) and رُغْبَى (Mgh, * K) and رَغْبَى (K) and رَغْبَآءُ (A, * K) and رَغْبَةٌ (Mgh, * TA) and رُغْبَةٌ and رَغَبَةٌ and رَغَبُوتٌ, and رَغَبُوتَى and رَغَبَانٌ, (K,) He made petition to him, addressed a petition to him, asked him, petitioned him, sought of him, or demanded of him: (TA:) or he prayed to him, or supplicated him, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or he humbled, or abased, himself, and made petition to him. (K, A, TA.) You say, رَغِبَ إِلَى فُلَانٍ فِى كَذَا He made petition to such a one, petitioned him, or asked him, for such a thing. (TA.) And إِلَى

اللّٰهِ أَرْغَبُ To God I humble, or abase, myself, and make petition; syn. أَضْرَعُ: and إِلَيْهش أَرْفَعُ رَغْبَتِى

[To Him I raise my humble petition]. (A.) and الرُّهْبَى مِنَ اللّٰهِ وَالرُّغْبَى إِلَيْهِ [Fear should be of God; (not of a creature;) and petition, &c., should be to Him]. (Lth, TA in art. رهب.) See also another ex. in a verse cited voce رَغِيبَةٌ. b5: رَغِبَ بِنَفْسِهِ عَنْهُ [lit. He made himself to be not desirous of, or to shun, or abstain from, or leave, him, or it; the ب having the same effect as in ذَهَبَ بِهِ &c.; and hence,] he held himself above, or superior to, him, or it. (K.) And رَغِبْتُ بِفُلَانٍ عَنْ هٰذَا I made such a one to shun, abstain from, or leave, this, disliking it for him. (MF.) A2: رَغُبَ (assumed tropical:) It (anything) was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also 6.]) You say, رَغُبَ الوَادِى, aor. ـُ inf. n. رُغْبٌ and رُغُبٌ (K) and رَغَابَةٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) The valley was large and wide, taking, or receiving, much water. (K, * TA.) And رَغُبَتِ الأَرْضُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ [&c.], (assumed tropical:) The land was soft (S, TA) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (TA:) or (S, TA) took much water; (TA;) was such as would not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (S, TA.) b2: And [hence,] رَغُبَ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ (S, K *) and رُغُبٌ, (K, * TA,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, voracious, a great eater; (K, TA;) very greedy, or gluttonous; (S, K, TA;) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods, and one who made himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or as some say, large in his hopes, and desirous of much. (TA.) Accord. to the T, رُغْبُ البَطْنِ signifies (assumed tropical:) Voracity: and رُغْبٌ, alone, as occurring in a trad., is explained as meaning capaciousness of the belly, and voracity. (TA.) And رَغُبَ رَأْيُهُ, inf. n. رُغْبٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, liberal, or bountiful, and large in opinion or judgment. (A.) 2 رغّبهُ فِى شَىْءٍ, [inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ,] He made him to desire, or wish for, a thing; (S, * MA, K; *) as also فيه ↓ ارغبهُ. (S, * K: *) both signify the same. (S.) You say, رَغَّبْتُهُ فِى صُحْبَتِهِ [I made him to desire, or wish for, his companionship]. (A.) b2: And رغّبهُ, inf. n. تَرْغِيبٌ; (IAar, TA;) and رغّب إِلَيْهِ; (TA;) He gave him what he desired, or wished for. (IAar, TA.) b3: [رغّب is also said by Golius to signify Cupivit avide et expetivit; as on the authority of the KL: but this signification is not in my copy of that work, nor do I find it in any other lexicon.]3 راغب is said by Golius, as on the authority of the KL, and by Freytag after him, to signify Cupiditatem monstravit: but it is not mentioned in any sense in my copy of the KL, nor have I found it in any other lexicon.]4 أَرْغَبَ see 2. b2: [ارغبهُ app. signifies also He made it wide, or ample. b3: And hence,] أَرْغَبَ اللّٰهُ قَدْرَكَ means (tropical:) May God enlarge thy power, and make its steps to extend far. (A, TA.) 6 تراغبوا فِيِه They vied, one with another, in desiring it; or they desired it with emulation; syn. تنافسوا فيه. (A and TA in art. نفس.) b2: تراغب المَكَانُ (assumed tropical:) The place was, or became, wide, or ample. (TA. [See also رَغُبَ.]) 8 إِرْتَغَبَ see 1, third sentence.

رَغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ, second sentence.

رُغُبٌ: see رَغَابٌ, and رَعِيبٌ; with both of which it is synonymous. b2: It is also a pl. of the latter, (L in art. أسد,) and of رَغِبٌ. (TA.) رَغْبَةٌ A desire, or wish: pl. رَغَبَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) Hence, قَلَّتْ رَغَبَاتُ النَّاسِ [The desires, or wishes, of the people, or of mankind, became few]. (Mgh.) b2: See also رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغْبَى: see رَغِيبَةٌ.

رَغَبُوتٌ, an epithet applied to a man, [signifying One who makes petition; who asks, petitions, seeks, or demands: or who prays, or supplicates, with humility or abasement, or with sincerity or earnestness or energy: or who humbles, or abases, himself, and makes petition: originally an inf. n. of رَغِبَ إِلَيْهِ; or] from الرَّغْبَةُ. (S, TA. [In one copy of the former erroneously written رَغَبُوبٌ; in another, رَغْبُوبٌ; and in another, omitted.]) رُغْبَانَةٌ The [knot called] سَعْدَانَة of a sandal; (K;) i. e. the knot beneath the [appertenance called] شِسْع [which passes through the sole and between two of the toes, and to which the شِرَاكَ, also called زِمَام, is attached]. (TA.) أَرْضٌ رَغَابٌ (A'Obeyd, ISk, S, K) and ↓ رُغُبٌ (K) (assumed tropical:) Land that is soft, (A'Obeyd, S, K, TA,) and wide, with even, or sandy, soil: (K, TA:) or (S, K, TA) that takes much water; (TA;) that will not flow unless in consequence of much rain. (ISk, S, K, TA.) رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) Wide, or ample; applied in this sense to a watering-trough or tank, and to a skin for water or milk, (S, TA,) &c.: pl. رِغَابٌ (TA) and رُغُبٌ. (L in art. أسد.) You say also ↓ طَرِيقٌ رَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide road: pl. رُغُبٌ. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ

↓ مُرَاغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide, or an ample, place. (TA.) And ↓ وَادٍ رُغُبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide valley; (TA;) [and] so وَادٍ رَغِيبٌ: (JK:) or (tropical:) a wide valley, that takes much water; as also رَغِيبٌ; (AHn, K;) contr. of وَادٍ زهِيدٌ. (TA.) And طَعْنَةٌ رَغِيبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide wound inflicted with a spear or the like. (TA.) And سَيْفٌ رَغِيبٌ (assumed tropical:) A wide sword, that inflicts a large wound. (TA.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man, or other animal, (K,) having a capacious inside, or belly: (S, K:) pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) Voracious; a great eater: (A, K: [but accord. to the former, not tropical in this sense:]) desirous of much eating: (Msb:) very greedy, or gluttonous: (S, K: [see also رِغِّيبٌ:]) vehemently, excessively, or culpably, desirous of worldly goods; and one who makes himself to be large, or abundant, therein: or large in his hopes, and desirous of much: (TA:) and رَغِيبُ الجَوْفِ a man who is a great eater; (TA;) or capacious in the inside, or belly, and a great eater: (JK:) and بَطْنٌ رَغِيبٌ a belly that devours much. (Ham p. 418.) b4: هُوَ رَغِيبُ العَيْنِ, (T and A and TA in art. زهد,) and لَهُ عَيْنٌ رَغِيبَةٌ, (A in that art.,) (assumed tropical:) He is not content but with much; contr. of هو زَهِيدُ العَيْنِ, (T and A in that art.,) and of لَهُ عَيْنٌ زَهِيدَةٌ. (A in that art.) [رَعِيبُ العَيْنِ has a different meaning: see art. رعب.] b5: فَرَسٌ رَغِيبُ الشَّحْوَةٍ (S, in a copy of the A and in the TA الشحو,) (tropical:) A horse of wide step, that takes a large space of ground (A, TA) with his legs: pl. رِغَابٌ. (TA.) b6: إِبِلٌ رِغَابٌ, the latter word being the pl. form, (assumed tropical:) Camels yielding a copious supply of milk, and very profitable. (IAth, TA) And (assumed tropical:) Many camels. (TA.) b7: حِمْلٌ رَغِيبٌ and ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ (assumed tropical:) A heavy load. (TA.) رَغِيبَةٌ A thing desired, or wished for; (K;) as also ↓ رَغْبَةٌ: (Ham p. 501:) a thing of high account or estimation; that is desired, or wished for: pl. رَغَائِبُ. (A, Mgh.) You say, إِنَّهُ لَوَهُوبٌ, لِكُلِّ رَغِيبَةٍ, i. e. [Verily he is a liberal giver] of everything that is desired. (TA.) [And ↓ رَغْبَى

has a similar meaning; for] you say also, أَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ الرَّغْبَى, i. e. I obtained from him abundance of what I desired. (TA.) b2: A large gift: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) pl. as above. (S, Mgh, Msb.) A poet (En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, TA) says, وَمَتَى تُصِبْكَ خَصَاصَةٌ فَارْجُ الغِنَى

وَإِلَى الَّذِى يُعْطِى الرَّغَائِبَ فَارْغَبِ [And when poverty befalls thee, then hope thou for competence, and to Him who gives large gifts humble thyself, and make petition]. (S, * TA.) b3: And A large recompense that one desires to obtain [in the world to come] by prayer: (El-Kilábee, TA:) or that which is wished for by one who has large hope and who desires much: whence the prayer called صَلَاةُ الرَّغَائِبِ [generally said to be a supererogatory prayer]. (TA.) الرُّغَابَى, like الرُّغَامَى (JK, K) and الرُّعَامَى, (TA,) What is called the زِيَادَة of the liver. (JK, K.) رِغِّيبٌ Very, or intensely, or exceedingly, desirous of much eating. (Msb.) [See also رَغِيبٌ.]

رَاغِبٌ Desiring, or wishing; (K;) [as in the phrase رَاغِبٌ فِى كَذَا desiring, or wishing for, such a thing;] and so ↓ مُرْتَغِبٌ. (TA.) مَرْغَبٌ [A place, or time, of desire or wish: and hence, an object thereof]. You say, خَطَبَ فَأَصَابَ المَرْغَبَ [app. meaning He demanded a woman in marriage, and attained the object of desire]. (A.) مُرْغِبٌ (tropical:) Possessing competence or sufficiency; rich, or wealthy; (K, TA;) possessing much property. (JK, TA.) مَرْغَبَةٌ: see مَرَاغِبُ.

مَرْغُوبٌ فِيهِ Desired, or wished for. b2: مَرْغُوبٌ عَنْهُ Not desired, &c. b3: مَرْغُوبٌ إِلَيْهِ Petitioned, &c.: see an ex. voce مَرْهُوبٌ.]

هُوَ مُرَغَّبٌ لَهُ كَذَا وَكَذَا To him are allowed, or permitted, such and such things; like مُسَعَّبٌ and مُسَغَّبٌ. (TA in art. سعب.) مَرَاغِبُ [lit. Causes of desire; sing., if used, ↓ مَرْغَبَةٌ, a word of the same class as مَبْخَلَةٌ and مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.: and hence,] things that are eagerly desired, or coveted; syn. أَطْمَاعٌ [which also signifies soldiers' stipends, or allowances]: (TA:) and (TA) things that are desired to be gained for subsistence, or sustenance; i. q. مضطربات لِلْمَعَاشِ. (K, TA. [In the CK, the former of the two nouns in this explanation is مُضْطَرِبات: in two MS. copies of the K, it is without the syll. signs: the right reading is evidently مُضْطَرَبَات, syn. with مُكْتَسَبَات: Freytag renders the explanation personæ quæ in rebus quæ spectant ad victum perturbatæ et anxiæ sunt; deriving this meaning from the rendering in the TK: Golius, with a near approach to correctness, renders it res ad sustentandam vitam necessariæ; but he has given this explanation as on the authority of J, by whom it is not mentioned; and has put مَرَاغِبٌ for مَرَاغِبُ.]) مُرَاغِبٌ: see رَغِيبٌ.

مُرْتَغِبٌ: see رَاغِبٌ. b2: See also رَغِيبٌ, last sentence. b3: Also (assumed tropical:) A large, big, bulky, or corpulent, man. (JK.)

ركب

1 رَكِبَهُ, (S, * A, K,) and رَكِبَ عَلَيْهِ, (A,) aor. ـَ (A, K,) inf. n. رُكُوبٌ (S, A, K) and مَرْكَبٌ; (A, K;) and ↓ ارتكبهُ; (K;) I. q. عَلَاهُ (A, K, TA) and عَلَا عَلَيْهِ [explained by what follows]. (TA.) You say, رَكِبْتُ الدَّابَّةَ, (Msb,) or الفَرَسَ, (Mgh,) and رَكِبْتُ عَلَيْهَا, [or عَلَيْهِ,] inf. n. رُكُوبٌ and مَرْكَبٌ [as above, meaning I rode, or rode upon, and I mounted, or mounted upon, the beast, or the horse]. (TA. [See also رَاكِبٌ.]) [and رَكِبْتُ السَّفِينَةَ, or فِى السَّفِينَةِ (agreeably with the Kur xi. 43 and xviii. 70 and xxix. 65), I embarked in the ship; went on board the ship.] And one says, of anything, رَكِبَهُ [and ↓ ارتكبه] as meaning عَلَاهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) It was, or became, upon, or over, it; got upon it; came, or arose, upon it; overlay it; was, or became, superincumbent, or supernatant, upon it; overspread it]; namely, another thing. (TA.) [In like manner,] one says also, of anything, رُكِبَ and ↓ اُرْتُكِبَ as meaning عُلِىَ [i. e., when said of a horse or the like, He was ridden, or ridden upon, and was mounted, or mounted upon: whence other significations in other cases, indicated above]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَكِبَ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا i. q. ↓ تراكب (tropical:) [It lay one part upon another; it was, or became, heaped, or piled, up, or together, one part upon, or overlying, another:] said of fat [as meaning it was, or became, disposed in layers, one above another: see رَاكِبَةٌ]. (A, TA.) [And hence, رَكِبَ النَّاسُ بَعْضُهُمْ بَعْضًا (assumed tropical:) The people bore, or pressed, or crowded, (as though mounting,) one upon another; a phrase well known, and of frequent occurrence: or meaning (assumed tropical:) the people followed one another closely; from what next follows.] b3: رَكِبَهُ also means [(assumed tropical:) He came upon him, or overtook him; or] he followed closely, or immediately, after him: and رَكِبْتُ أَثَرَهُ and طَرِيقَهُ (assumed tropical:) I followed close after him. (L.) b4: [رَكِبَ الطَّرِيقَ, and الرَّمْلَ, and المَفَازَةَ, (assumed tropical:) He went upon, or trod, or travelled, the road, and the sand or sands, and the desert: and رَكِبَ البَحْرَ (assumed tropical:) He embarked, or voyaged, upon the sea. Hence,] رَكِبَ اللَّيْلَ, and الهَوْلَ, (tropical:) [He ventured upon, encountered, or braved, the night, and that which was terrible or fearful,] and the like thereof. (TA.) [And رَكِبَ أَمْرًا and ↓ ارتكبهُ (assumed tropical:) He ventured upon, embarked in, or undertook, an affair: and (assumed tropical:) he surmounted it, or mastered it: the former meaning is well known: the latter is indicated by an explanation of the phrase رَكَّابٌ لِلْأُمُورِ, which see below.] And رَكِبَ ذَنْبًا (A, K) and ↓ ارتكبهُ (S, A, MA, K) (tropical:) He committed a sin, or crime, or the like. (S, MA, TA.) And رَكِبَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا بِأَمْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one did to such a one a thing]. (TA.) And رَكِبَهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ and ↓ ارتكبهُ (tropical:) [He did to him an evil, or abominable, or odious, deed]. (A.) And رَكِبْتُ الدَّيْنَ and ↓ ارتكبتهُ (tropical:) I became much in debt: and رَكِبَنِى الدَّيْنُ and ↓ ارتكبنى (tropical:) [Debt burdened me]. (Msb.) b5: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He went at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, (مَضَى عَلَى وَجْهِهِ, A, Msb,) [i. e.,] without consideration, (A,) or without any certain aim, or object, (Msb,) not obeying a guide to the right course. (A.) You say, يُرْكَبُ رَأْسَهُ لَا يَدْرِى أَيْنَ يَتَوَجَّهُ (assumed tropical:) [He goes at random, &c., not knowing whither to direct himself]. (S and K in art. كمه.) [See also رَكْبَةٌ. In like manner also, you say, رَكِبَ رَأْيَهُ (K voce اِسْتَهَجَّ &c.) (assumed tropical:) He followed his own opinion. And رَكِبَ هَوَاهُ (S in art. جمح) (assumed tropical:) He followed his own natural desire, without consideration, and not obeying a guide to the right course of conduct.] b6: رَكِبْتُ دُبَّتَهُ and دُبَّهُ (assumed tropical:) I kept to his state, or condition, and his way, mode, or manner, of acting &c.; and did as he did. (M in art. دب.) And رَكِبَتْهُ الحُمَّى (assumed tropical:) [The fever continued upon him] is a phrase similar to أَغْبَطَتْهُ الحُمَّى and اِمْتَطَتْهُ and اِرْتَحَلَتْهُ. (A and TA in art. غبط) A2: رَكَبَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, K,) inf. n. رَكْبٌ, (TA,) [from رُكْبَةٌ,] He struck, or smote, his knee: (S, A, K:) or it signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S, A,) he struck him, or smote him, with his knee: (S, A, K:) or he took him by his hair, (K,) or by the hair of each side of his head, (TA,) and struck his forehead with his knee. (K, TA.) Hence, in a trad., رَكَبْتُ

أَنْفَهُ بِرُكْبَتِى I struck his nose with my knee. (TA.) And in another trad., أَمَا تَعْرِفُ الأَزْدَ وَرَكْبَهَا اِتَّقِ الأَزْدَ لَا يَأْخُذُوكَ فَيَرْكُبُوكَ [Knowest thou not El-Azd, (the tribe so called,) and their striking with the knee? Beware thou of El-Azd, lest they take thee, and strike thee with their knees]: for this practice was notorious among El-Azd; in the dial. of whom, أُمُّ كَيْسَانَ was a metonymical appellation of the knee. (TA.) A3: رُكِبَ, like عُنِىَ, [pass. in form, but neut. in signification,] He (a man) had a complaint of his knee. (TA.) A4: رَكِبَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. رَكَبٌ, (TA,) He was large in the knee. (K.) 2 ركّبهُ الفَرَسَ, [inf. n. as below,] He lent him the horse, [or mounted him on the horse,] to go forth on a warring and plundering expedition, on the condition of receiving from him one half of the spoil: (K, * TA:) or for a portion of the spoil that he should obtain. (TA.) [See also 4.]

b2: And ركّبهُ, inf. n. تَرْكِيبٌ, He put, or set, one part of it upon another: (K:) [he set it, or fixed it, in another thing: he composed it; constituted it; or put it together.] تَرْكِيبٌ signifies The putting together, or combining, things, whether suitable or not, or placed in order or not: it is a more general term than تَأْلِيفٌ, which is the collecting together, or putting together, suitable things. (Kull p. 118.) You say, رَكَّبَ الفَصَّ فِى

الخَاتَمِ (S, A) He set the stone in the signet-ring: and ركّب السِّنَانَ فِى القَنَاةِ He fixed the spearhead in the shaft; (A;) and النَّصْلَ فِى السَّهْمِ [the arrow-head in the shaft]. (S.) And شَىْءٌ حَسَنُ التَّرْكِيبِ [A thing good, or beautiful, in respect of composition or constitution; well, or beautifully, composed or constituted or put together]. (TA.) b3: Also He removed it from one place to another in which to plant it; namely, a shoot of a palm-tree. (Mgh.) 4 اركب He (a colt) became fit for being ridden; attained to the fit time for being ridden. (S, Msb, K.) [See also مُرْكِبٌ.]

A2: اركبهُ He gave him, appointed him, or assigned him, an animal on which to ride. (S.) [See also 2.] b2: أَرْكَبَنِى خَلْفَهُ [He mounted me, or made me to ride, behind him]. (A.) And أَرْكَبَنِى مَرْكَبًا فَارِهًا [He mounted me on a quick, brisk, sharp, or strong, beast]. (A.) b3: [Hence, اركبهُ أَمْرًا (assumed tropical:) He made him to venture upon, embark in, or undertake, an affair. And اركبهُ ذَنْبًا (assumed tropical:) He made him to commit a sin, or crime, or the like.]5 تركّب It had one part of it put, or set, upon another; as also ↓ تراكب: (K:) [it was, or became, composed, constituted, or put together: see 2.] You say, تركّب الفَصُّ فِى الخَاتَمِ [The stone was set in the signet-ring]: and تركّب النَّصْلُ فِى السَّهْمِ [The arrow-head was fixed in the shaft]. (S.) 6 تراكب: see 1: and 5. You say, تراكب السَّحَابُ The clouds were, or became, [heaped, or piled, up,] one above, or upon, [or overlying,] another; as also تراكم. (TA.) 8 إِرْتَكَبَ see 1, in eight places.10 استركبهُ فَأَرْكَبَهُ [He asked him to give him, appoint him, or assign him, an animal on which to ride, and he gave him, appointed him, or assigned him, one]. (A.) رَكْبٌ: see رَاكِبٌ, in three places.

رَكَبٌ The عَانَة: (ISk, Msb, K:) or the place of growth of the عَانَة, (S, K,) or of the hair of the عَانَة: (Mgh:) [i. e. it signifies the pubes; either as meaning the hair of the mons Veneris, or the mons Veneris itself: generally the latter; and this is often meant by the term عانة alone:] or the part that slopes down from the belly, and is beneath the ثُنَّة [q. v.] and above the pudendum: in all these senses said by Lh to be masc.: (TA:) or the pudendum (Az, Msb, K) itself: (TA:) or the external portion thereof: (K:) or the رَكَبَانِ are the roots of the two thighs, upon which is the flesh of the pudendum, (K, TA,) or upon which are the two portions of flesh of the pudendum: (TA:) the ركب is masc.: (Msb:) it is common to the man and the woman, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, *) accord. to Fr: (S, Msb:) or peculiar to the woman, (S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Kh: (S:) ElFarezdak makes it plainly common to both, saying, حِينَ التَقَى الرَّكَبُ المَحْلُوقُ بِالرَّكَبِ [When the shaven pubes met the pubes]: (TA: [and a similar ex. is given in the S and Msb, as cited by Fr:]) the pl. is أَرْكَابٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and أَرَاكِيبُ; (K;) the latter being pl. of the former; but in some copies of the K أَرَاكِبُ, like مَسَاجِدُ. (TA.) A2: Also Whiteness in the رُكْبَة [or knee]. (TA.) رَكْبَةٌ A single ride, or act of riding: pl. رَكَبَاتٌ. (IAth, L.) b2: [Hence,] one says, هُوَ يَمْشِى الرَّكْبَةَ (tropical:) [i. e. يَرْكَبُ رَأْسَهُ He goes at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, &c., (see 1,)] and هُمْ يَمْشُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ (tropical:) [They go at random, &c.]. (A. [The meaning is there indicated by the context, and is shown by what here follows.]) Respecting the phrase تمْشُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ, occurring in a trad., meaning تَرْكَبُونَ رُؤُوسَكُمْ (assumed tropical:) [Ye go at random, &c.], in that which is false, wrong, or vain, and in factions, or seditions, or the like, following one another without consideration, IAth says that رَكْبَةٌ [properly] signifies as explained above in the first sentence of this paragraph, and that the pl. الركبات is here governed in the accus. case by a verb understood, and [with that verb] is a denotative of state relating to the agent in تمشون: it supplies the place of that verb, which it does not require to be expressed; and the implied meaning is تَمْشُونَ تَرْكَبُونَ الرَّكَبَاتِ. (L.) رُكْبَةٌ a word of well-known meaning, (S, Msb,) [The knee; i. e., in a man,] the joint between the lower parts of the thigh and the upper parts of the shank: (A, K:) or [in a quadruped,] the joint between the metacarpus and the radius (مَوْصِلُ الوَظِيفِ وَالذِّرَاعِ): this is the right explanation: in the K, مَوْضِع is erroneously put for مَوْصِل: [this explanation is evidently given accord. to the terms employed in the anatomy of quadrupeds as compared to human beings: in that which next follows, there is certainly an omission, which I have endeavoured to supply:] or the رُكْبَتَانِ of the fore legs of the camel are the two joints that [project forwards, in like manner as do, in the hind legs, those that] are next the belly [meaning the stifle-joints] when he lies down upon his breast with folded legs: the two joints that project behind [in the hind legs, namely, the hocks,] are called the عُرْقُوبَانِ: in every quadruped, the ركبتان are in the fore legs, and the عرقوبان are in the hind legs: and the عرقوب is what is called مَوْصِلُ الوَظِيفِ [i. e. the upper joint of the metatarsus]: (TA:) or the ركبة is the مِرْفَق [which in a man is the elbow, but here seems to mean the lower joint] of the ذِرَاع [or radius] of anything [i. e. of any beast]: (K:) [from its being said in the S and Msb that the رُكْبَة is “ well known,” I conclude that there is no real discrepancy in the foregoing explanations: it is perhaps needless to add that the term رُكْبَة is now universally applied to the knee of a man and to what we commonly call the knee of a horse and the like:] the pl. is رُكَبٌ, (S, Msb, K,) i. e. the pl. of mult., and the pl. of pauc. is رُكْبَاتٌ and رُكَبَاتٌ and رُكُبَاتٌ. (S.) Lh mentions the phrase بَعِيرٌ مُسْتَوْقِحُ الرُّكَبِ [meaning A hardkneed camel]; as though the term رُكْبَةٌ were applied to each part, and the pl. used accord. to this application. (TA.) b2: One says [of an agitating affair or event], أَمْرٌ اصْطَكَّتْ فِيهِ الرُّكَبُ وَحَكَّتْ فِيهِ الرُّكْبَةُ الرُّكَبَةَ (tropical:) [An affair, or event, in which the knees knocked together, and in which the knee rubbed the knee]. (A.) b3: And of one who has the mark of prostration in prayer on his forehead, between his eyes, (L,) بَيْنَ عَيْنَيْهِ مِثْلُ رُكْبَةِ العَنْزِ [Between his eyes is the like of the knee of the she-goat]. (A, * L.) And of any two things that are alike, or correspondent, هُمَا كَرُكْبَتَى العَنْزِ [They are like the two knees of the she-goat]; because her two knees fall together upon the ground when she lies down. (L.) b4: And it is said in a prov., شَرُّ النَّاسِ مَنْ مِلْحُهُ عَلَى رُكعبَتِهِ [The worst of men is he whose fat is upon his knee]: applied to him who is quickly angered; and to the perfidious: (Meyd, TA:) the phrase مِلْحُهُ عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ is also used as meaning The smallest thing makes him angry: (TA:) and a poet says, لَا تَلُمْهَا إِنَّهَا مِنْ عُصْبَةٍ

مِلْحُهَا مَوْضُوعَةٌ فَوْقَ الرُّكَبْ [Blame her not; for she is of a set of people whose fat is placed above the knees: perhaps meaning, for she is but a woman; as women are generally fat in the part above the knee]: (TA:) or مِنْ نِسْوَةٍ [in the place of مِنْ عُصْبَةٍ], meaning of women whose object of anxiety, or care, is fatness and fat: (Meyd, TA:) so that the prov. seems to mean that the worst of men is he who has not such intelligence as bids him to do that which is praiseworthy, but only bids him to do that in which is inconstancy and levity, and an inclining to the dispositions of women, to the love of fatness and fat. (Meyd.) [See other explanations in art. ملح.]

A2: Also The lower part (أَصْل) of the plant صِلِّيَانَة, when it has been cut. (K.) رِكْبَةٌ A mode, or manner, of riding. (S.) Yousay, هُوَ حَسَنُ الرِّكْبَةِ He has a good mode, or manner, of riding. (A, * TA.) b2: [It is said in the K to be a subst. from رَكِبَهُ; as though signifying A riding.]

رَكَبَةٌ A company of riders upon camels, (K,) or of owners of camels on a journey, or travellers upon camels, exclusively of other beasts, (S,) but less in number than the company called رَكْبٌ: (S, K:) [and probably also a company of riders upon any beasts, but less than what is called رَكْبٌ:] accord. to MF, it is a pl. of رَاكِبٌ. (TA.) [See also أُرْكُوبٌ.]

رَكْبَى and رَكْبَاةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ.

رَكَبُوتٌ and رَكَبُوتَى: see رَكُوبٌ.

رَكْبَانَةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ, in two places.

رِكَابٌ [Travelling-camels, used for riding; i. e.] camels (S, K, TA) upon which people journey; (S, TA;) i. q. مَطِىٌّ: (Msb:) or camels fit for carrying: (Har p. 22:) it has no proper sing.: (S:) the word used for the sing. is رَاحِلَةٌ: (S, Msb, K:) or, as ISh says, in the “ Book of Camels,” رِكَابٌ and عِيرٌ are applied to camels that go forth for corn (طَعَام) to be brought back upon them, both when they go forth and after they have come back: and the former term is applied also to camels upon which people journey to Mekkeh, on which مَحَامِل are borne: and hired [or other] camels that carry the goods and corn of merchants: but camels are not called عير, though bearing corn, [unless] if hired: [I insert the words “ or other ” and “ unless ” because it is further said,] عير are not those that bring corn for their owners; but these are called رِكَابٌ: (L, TA:) the pl. is رُكُبٌ, (S, K,) accord. to A'Obeyd, (TA,) and رِكَابَاتٌ and رَكَائِبُ; (K;) or, accord. to IAar, رُكُبٌ is not pl. of رِكَابٌ; and others say that it is pl. of ↓ رَكُوبٌ, signifying any beast on which one rides, [an epithet] of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (TA;) but called by ISd a subst.; (TA voce جَزُوزٌ;) and ↓ رَكُوبَةٌ is a more special term than رَكُوبٌ. (TA in the present art.) b2: [Hence,] رِكَابُ السَّحَابِ (tropical:) [The bearers of the clouds; i. e.] the winds. (A, K.) Umeiyeh says, تَرَدَّدُ وَالرِّيَاحُ لَهَا رِكَابُ [It (referring to a cloud) goes to and fro (تَرَدَّد being for تَتَرَدَّدُ), the winds being its bearers]. (TA.) A2: Also [The stirrup of a horse's saddle;] a well-known appertenance of a horse's saddle; (S;) the same with respect to a horse's saddle as the غَرْز with respect to a camel's: pl. رُكُبٌ. (K.) رَكُوبٌ and ↓ رَكُوبَةٌ: see رِكَابٌ: both signify A beast that is ridden: (S:) or a she-camel that is ridden: (K:) or the latter has this meaning: and is metaphorically applied to anything ridden: (Msb:) or the former signifies any beast that is ridden: and the latter is a name for everything that is ridden; applied to one, and to a pl. number: (TA:) or the former signifies ridden, as a fem. epithet: and the latter, one specially appointed for riding; and that is constantly kept to work; of beasts (K, TA) of any kind: (TA:) and the latter and ↓ رَكْبَانَةٌ and ↓ رَكْبَاةٌ and ↓ رَكَبُوتٌ (K) and ↓ رَكْبَى and ↓ رَكَبُوتَى, (K * and TA in art. حلب, [see حَلُوبٌ in several places,]) a she-camel that is ridden; or that is broken, trained, or rendered submissive or manageable: (K:) or رَكُوبٌ has this last signification, accord. to Az: and its pl. is رُكُبٌ: (TA:) the pl. of رَكُوبَةٌ being رَكَائِبُ: (TA voce جَزُوزٌ:) and ↓ رَكْبَانَةٌ signifies [also] a she-camel fit to be ridden; (S, TA;) like as حَلْبَانَةٌ signifies fit to be milked: the ا and ن are [said to be] added in order to give intensiveness to the signification: (TA:) [and all the other epithets mentioned above seem also, accord. to some, to have an intensive sense: see حَلُوبٌ.] You say, مَا لَهُ رَكُوبَةٌ وَلَا حَمُولَةٌ وَلَا حَلُوبَةٌ He has not a she-camel to ride, nor one to carry burdens, nor one to be milked. (S, TA.) b2: Also بَعِيرٌ رَكُوبٌ A camel having marks of galls, or sores, on his back, produced by the saddle. (TA.) b3: And طَرِيقٌ رَكُوبٌ A road ridden upon, (S, TA,) and trodden so as to be rendered even, or easy to be travelled. (TA.) A2: See also رَكَّابٌ.

رَكِيبٌ One who rides with another; a fellowrider. (K.) رَكِيبُ السُّعَاةِ, mentioned in a trad., and there promised a place in Hell, means He who accompanies tyrannical عُمَّال [or collectors of the poor-rates]. (TA.) b2: See also مَرَكَّبٌ. b3: نَخْلٌ رَكِيبٌ (K) and رَكِيبٌ مِنْ نَخْلٍ (TA) Palmtrees planted in a row by a rivulet, or not by a rivulet. (K, TA.) A2: Also A مَشَارَة, (K,) i. e. سَاقِيَة [or channel of water for irrigation]: (TA:) or a rivulet between [two pieces of sown ground such as are termed] دَبْرَتَانِ: (K:) or between two gardens of palm-trees and grape-vines: (so accord. to the text of the K in the TA:) or what is between two gardens of palm-trees and grape-vines: (so accord. to the CK and my MS. copy of the K:) or grape-vines between two rivers or rivulets: (TA:) or a place of seed-produce: (K:) or a clear, or cleared, piece of land, in which one sows: (T:) pl. رُكُبٌ. (K.) b2: [Hence,] أَهْلُ الرَّكِيبِ The people who stay, or dwell, by water; syn. الحُضَّارُ. (TA.) رُكَيْبٌ dim. of رَكْبٌ. (TA.) See رَاكِبٌ.

رَكُوبَةٌ: see رَكُوبٌ.

زَيْتٌ رِكَابِىٌّ [Olive-oil:] so called because brought on camels from Syria. (S, A, * K.) رَكَّابٌ and ↓ رَكُوبٌ, applied to a man, (K, TA,) the latter on the authority of Th, (TA,) signify the same, (K, TA,) Who rides much; a great rider: and so رَكَّابَةٌ applied to a woman. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَكَّابٌ لِلْأُمُورِ (assumed tropical:) A man who surmounts, or masters, affairs; [or who often does so; or accustomed to embark in, or undertake, or to surmount, or master, them; or who often embarks in, or undertakes, them, and therefore surmounts, or masters, them;] by his knowledge, and repeated experience, and good judgment. (K and TA in art. طلع.) عَلاهُ الرُّكَّابُ (tropical:) The nightmare, or incubus, came upon him. (A.) رَكَّابَةٌ: see the latter part of the next paragraph.

رَاكِبٌ Riding; or a rider: (Mgh, Msb, K:) or properly only a rider upon a camel: (ISk, S, K:) or the latter is its meaning when it is not used as a prefixed noun, as explained below; and is said to be the original signification: IB says that it may signify a rider upon a camel, ass, horse, or mule, when used as a prefixed noun; as when you say رِاكِبُ جَمَلٍ and رَاكِبُ حِمَارٍ &c.: (L:) accord. to ISk, you term a rider upon an ass فَارِسٌ عَلَى حِمَارٍ, (S, TA,) and a rider upon a mule فَارِسٌ عَلَى بَغْلٍ; (TA;) but 'Omarah says, I do not call the owner or rider of the ass فارس, but حَمَّارٌ; and the reason of his saying so is manifest, for فارس is an epithet of the measure فَاعِلٌ from الفَرَسُ “ the horse,” meaning “ an owner, or a rider, of the horse: ” (S, TA:) the pl. is رُكَّابٌ (S, K) and رُكْبَانٌ (S, * Mgh, Msb, K) and رُكُوبٌ (Mgh, K) and رِكَبَةٌ, (K,) or this last is a mistake for رَكَبَةٌ [q. v.], (MF, TA,) and ↓ رَكْبٌ, (Akh, Msb, K, TA,) as some say; (TA;) or this last is a quasi-pl. n., (K, TA,) not a broken pl. of رَاكِبٌ; (TA;) and signifies riders upon camels; (K;) or owners of camels on a journey, or travellers upon camels; (S;) consisting of ten or more: (S, K:) and sometimes it signifies riders upon horses: (IB, K:) or riders upon horses and camels: (IB, L, TA:) or a company of riders upon horses; or upon horses and camels: (TA:) [or, accord. to Kh, riders upon any beasts: (De Sacy's Anthol. Gram. Ar. p. 54 of the Arabic text:)] in the Kur viii. 43, الرَّكْبُ may signify the riders upon horses, or the riders upon camels, or the army composed of both these: (TA:) the pl. of رَكْبٌ is أَرْكُبٌ, (S, K,) [a pl. of pauc.,] and رُكُوبٌ. (K.) Accord. to IB, you do not say إِبِلٍ ↓ رَكْبُ nor رُكْبَانُ إِبِلٍ: but it is said that رُكَّابُ إِبِلٍ and رُكَّابُ خَيْلٍ &c. are allowable. (L.) An instance of رُكْبَان as distinguished from فُرْسَان occurs in a verse cited as one of the exs. of the preposition بِ. (TA.) ↓ رُكَيْبٌ [properly signifying A small company of riders upon camels, &c.,] occurs as meaning collectors of the poorrates: it is the dim. of ↓ رَكْبٌ; and shows that this latter is not a pl. [properly speaking] of رَاكِبٌ; for, were it so, the word used as its dim. would be رُوَيْكِبُونَ. (TA.) [See also رَكَبَةٌ, and أُرْكُوبٌ.] b2: [Also A person on board of a ship or boat: pl. رُكَّابٌ.] You say رُكَّابُ السَّفِينَةِ (S, TA) The persons on board of the ship, or boat: and رُكَّابُ المَآءِ the voyagers upon the water: and Ibn-Ahmar has used in this sense the pl. رُكْبَانٌ; but it is said that this is not allowable; nor is أُرْكُوبٌ; nor رَكْبٌ. (TA.) b3: Also, and ↓ رَاكُوبٌ, (assumed tropical:) A shoot germinating upon the trunk of a palm-tree, not having any root in the ground: (S:) or a shoot on the upper part of a palm-tree, hanging down, but not reaching the ground; and so ↓ رَاكِبَةٌ and ↓ رَاكُوبَةٌ and ↓ رَكَّابَةٌ: (K:) or, as some say, the last of these words is not thus applied, but means a woman “ who rides much: ”

AHn, however, says that it signifies a palm-shoot, or the like thereof, growing forth at the top of the trunk of a palm-tree, and, in some instances, bearing with its mother; but when it is cut off, it is better for the mother: and رَاكِبٌ is also explained in the L as meaning small palm-trees that grow forth at the lower parts of large palmtrees: (TA:) or it means a shoot of a palm-tree not cut off from its mother: (Ham p. 66:) accord. to As, when a palm-shoot grows from the trunk, and does not adhere to the ground, it forms a vile kind of palm-tree; and the Arabs call it رَاكِبٌ and ↓ رَاكُوبٌ: the pl. of this last [and of ↓ رَاكُوبَةٌ] is رَوَاكِيبُ. (TA.) b4: رُكْبَانُ السُّنْبُلِ means (tropical:) What first appear, or grow forth, from the قُنْبُع, (A, K, TA,) i. e. the envelope of the grain, (TA,) of the ear of wheat. (K, TA.) b5: رَاكِبٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The head [or summit] of a mountain (جَبَل), as in [most of] the copies of the K; in some of which is found حَبْل [or rope]. (TA.) رَاكِبَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Also sing. of رَوَاكِبُ (TA) which signifies (tropical:) Streaks [or layers] of fat, (A, K, TA,) overlying one another, (K, TA,) in the fore part of a camel's hump: those in the hinder part are called رَوَادِفُ, (A, K, TA,) of which the sing. is رَادِفَةٌ. (TA.) رَاكُوبٌ and رَاكُوبَةٌ: see رَاكِبٌ, latter part, in four places.

أَرْكَبُ Large in the رُكْبَة [or knee]. (S, K.) b2: A camel having one of his knees larger than the other. (S, K.) أُرْكُوبٌ A company of riders upon camels, (K,) or of owners of camels on a journey, or of travellers upon camels, exclusively of other beasts, (S,) but more in number than the company called رَكْبٌ: (S, K:) pl. أَرَاكِيبُ. (TA.) [See also رَكَبَةٌ.]

مَرْكَبٌ an inf. n. of رَكِبَ. (A, K, TA.) b2: And also a noun of place [properly signifying A place of riding, &c.]. (TA.) [Hence, Anything upon which one rides; and upon, or in, which one is borne or carried:] one of the مَرَاكِب of the land; and [more commonly] of the sea: (S, K:) [i. e.] a beast [on which one rides]; (A, TA;) and a vessel, i. e. a ship or boat: (A, Mgh, Msb, TA:) a saddle; and any kind of vehicle borne by a camel or other beast: (the lexicons passim:) مَرَاكِبُ is the pl. (Mgh, Msb.) Yousay, نِعْمَ المَرْكَبُ الدَّابَّةُ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the thing upon which one rides, the beast]. (A.) And جَآءَتْ مَرَاكِبُ اليَمَنِ The vessels, or the ships or boats, of El-Yemen came. (A.) b3: [And hence المَرْكَبُ as the name of (assumed tropical:) The principal star (a) of Pegasus; because in the place of the saddle.]

مُرْكِبٌ A colt that has become fit for being ridden. (TA.) And دَابَّةٌ مُرْكِبَةٌ A beast that has attained the age at which one may ride him during a warring and plundering expedition. (TA.) مُرَكَّبٌ A man to whom a horse is lent for a portion of the spoil that he may obtain: (IAar, TA:) or a man who borrows a horse upon which to go forth on a warring and plundering expedition, and who receives one half of the spoil, the other half being for the lender: (K:) or one to whom a horse has been given for him to ride, and who has put his foot into the stirrup. (A.) [Also] Weak in the art of horsemanship, or the management of horses, and the riding of them. (Ham p. 441.) b2: [Also Put, or set, one part upon another: set, or fixed, in another thing: composed; constituted; or put together: see its verb, 2.] The stone [set] in the signet-ring is termed مُرَكَّبٌ and ↓ رَكِيبٌ; and so the arrowhead [fixed] in the shaft: (S:) or رَكِيبٌ signifies, (K, TA,) as a subst., (TA,) a thing set (مُرَكَّبٌ) in a thing, such as a ring-stone in the bezel, or collet, of the signet-ring. (K, * TA.) A2: Also (tropical:) Origin: and place of growth or germination or vegetation. (S, K, TA.) You say, فُلَانٌ كَرِيمُ المُرَكَّبِ (tropical:) Such a one is generous, or noble, in respect of the origin of his rank among his people. (S, A. *)

ربح

1 رَبِحَ فِى تِجَارَتِهِ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. رِبْحٌ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and رَبَحٌ and رَبَاحٌ, (Msb, TA,) He gained; or made gain, or profit; in his traffic; (MA, KL, TK;) i. q. اِسْتَشَفَّ (S, K) or أَفْضَلَ. (Az, Msb.) The Arabs say to a man when he enters upon traffic, بِالرَّبَاحِ وَالسَّمَاحِ [With gaining and liberality.] (TA.) b2: And رَبِحَتْ تِجَارَتُهُ (tropical:) (A, Msb, TA) His traffic brought him gain, or profit. (Msb, TA.) 2 ربّحهُ: see 4.

A2: Also ربّح, inf. n. تَرْبِيحٌ, He took to himself (اِتَّخَذَ) an ape (رُبَّاح, TA) in his place of abode. (K.) 3 أَعْطَاهُ مَالًا مُرَابَحَةً He gave him property on the condition that the gain, or profit, should be [divided] between them two. (TA.) And بِعْتُهُ المَتَاعَ مُرَابَحَةً (S, * Msb) I sold him the commodity naming a certain gain, or profit, for every portion of the price: (Msb:) you say, بِعْتُهُ السِّلْعَةَ مُرَابَحَةً عَلَى كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ دِرْهَمٌ [I sold him the commodity on the condition of my receiving as gain, or profit, upon every ten dirhems, a dirhem]: (TA:) and اِشْتَرَيْتُهُ مِنْهُ مَرَابَحَةً I bought it of him in like manner: (Msb, TA:) the gain, or profit, must be named. (TA.) A2: See also 4.4 اربح فِى تِجَارَتِهِ He found a profitable market in [or for] his traffic. (Az, Msb.) A2: اربحهُ He gave him gain, or profit: (Mgh, Msb:) ↓ ربّحهُ we have not heard; (Mgh;) [i. e.] رَبَّحْتُهُ as meaning I gave him gain, or profit, has not been transmitted [from the Arabs of classical times]. (Msb.) You say, أَرْبَحْتُهُ عَلَى سِلْعَتِهِ, (S,) or عَلَيْهَا ↓ رَابَحْتُهُ, (A, K,) or both, (TA,) I gave him a gain, or profit, upon his commodity. (S, A, K, TA.) And اربحهُ بِمَتَاعِهِ [He made him to gain by his commodity]. (TA.) And اربح اللّٰهُ بَيْعَتَهُ [God made, or may God make, his sale to be productive of gain, or profit]. (S and K in art. رجع.) A3: Also اربح He slaughtered for his guests young weaned camels; (K, TA;) which are called رَبَح. (TA.) A4: And اربح النَّاقَةَ He milked the she-camel in the early morning, or between the prayer of daybreak and sunrise, and at midday. (K.) 5 تربّح He sought gains, or profits. (A.) A2: He (a man, TA) was, or became, confounded or perplexed, and unable to see his right course. (K.) رِبْحٌ and ↓ رَبَحٌ and ↓ رَبَاحٌ [all originally inf. ns.] Gain, or profit; (IAar, S, A, K, and Mgh in explanation of the first and last;) increase [obtained] in traffic; (TA;) excess, or surplus, [obtained,] above the capital [expended]; wherefore it is also termed شِفٌّ. (Ksh and Bd in explanation of the first in ii. 15.) [Hence,] ↓ البِرُّ خَيْرُ تِجَارَةٍ رَبَاحًا (tropical:) [Piety is the best traffic in respect of gain, or profit.] (A.) رَبَحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph. b2: Horses and camels that are brought from one place to another for sale. (K.) b3: And Fat, as a subst. (S, K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Khufáf Ibn-Nudbeh, (TA,) قَرَوْا أَضْيَافَهُمْ رَبَحًا بِبُحٍّ

يعِيشُ بِفَضْلِهِنَّ الحَىُّ سُمْرِ [as though meaning They entertained their guests with fat, on the superabundant remains of which the tribe lived, by means of tawny-coloured gaming-arrows whereby the lots that determined who should afford the entertainment were divided]: (S, * TA:) but [this is inconsistent with the affixed pronoun relating to ربحا, wherefore], in this case, as some say, (S, TA,) it means young weaned camels; (S, K, TA;) [as a quasi-pl. n.;] and its sing. is ↓ رَابِحٌ; (K;) like as that of حَرَسٌ is حَارِسٌ; and that of خَادِمٌ خَدَمٌ: (TA:) or a young weaned camel; [like رُبَحٌ;] and its pl. is رِبَاحٌ: (K:) or it means here the gain, or profit, obtained by means of the game called الَميْسِر. (S, TA.) b4: See also the next paragraph.

رُبَحٌ A young weaned camel; (S, K:) app. a dial. var. of رُبَعٌ. (S.) [See also رَبَحٌ and رُبَّاحٌ.]

b2: A lamb, or kid: (ISd, TA in art. نصح:) or the latter: (K;) as also ↓ رُبَّاحٌ. (IAar, K.) b3: See also رُبَّاحٌ, first sentence. b4: Also A certain bird, (S, K,) resembling the رَامِج [which is an owl employed for catching hawks]: or, accord. to Kr, the word is ↓ رَبَحٌ, and signifies a certain bird resembling the زَاغ[or rook]. (TA.) رَبَاحٌ: see رِبْحٌ in two places.

A2: Also A certain small animal, resembling the cat. (So in many copies of the S.) F observes that J says, الرَّبَاحُ دُوَيْبَّةٌ يُجْلَبُ مِنْهَا الكَافُورُ; and that بَلَدٌ has been substituted as an amendment for دويبّة in some of the copies [of the S]; but that each of these readings is erroneous: for يجلب we find [in copies of the S] in the handwriting of Aboo-Zekereeyà and that of Aboo-Sahl يُحْلَبُ, with the unpointed ح; and the substitution of بلد for دويبَة was made by IKtt: in the copies of the S, moreover, we find مِنْهُ instead of مِنْهَا: and IB says that the passage in J's original copy, in his own handwriting, runs thus: الرَّبَاحُ أَيْضًا دُوَيْبَّةٌ كَالسِّنَّورِ يُجْلَبُ مِنْهُ الكَافُورُ. (TA.) [But I find that, in five copies of the S, between السنّور and يجلب, occur the words وَالرَّبَاحُ أَيْضًا بَلَدٌ, or بَلْدَةٌ or اسْمُ بَلَدٍ: and I think it most probable that J intended to have introduced these or similar words, and therefore wrote مِنْهُ instead of مِنْهَا; meaning that رباح is the appellation of a certain small animal, resembling the cat: and that الرباح is also the name of a country or town from which camphor is brought: this country or town is said in a marginal note in a copy of the S to be in India.]

رُبَاحٌ: see رُبَّاحٌ.

رَبِيحٌ: see رَابِحٌ.

رَبَاحِىٌّ A certain kind of camphor: (K:) so called in relation to a certain country, or town, agreeably with what is [said to have been] asserted by J, or to a certain king named رَبَاحٌ, who applied his mind to this kind of camphor, and discovered it. (TA.) رُبَّاحٌ (A' Obeyd, S, A, L, K) and ↓ رُبَاحٌ, (A, TA,) the latter of the dial. of El-Yemen, (TA,) and ↓ رُبَحٌ, (L, TA,) The male ape; (S, A, L, K;) [simia caudata, clunibus nudis: (Forskål, "Descr. Animalium" &c., p. iii.:)] or the young one of an ape: (TA:) or apes [as a coll. gen. n.]: (TA in art. نصح, in explanation of the last, which is there said to be originally رُبَاحٌ:) pl. of the first رَبَابِيحُ. (TA.) One says أَمْلَحُ مِنْ رُبَّاحٍ and رُبَاحٍ, meaning [Prettier] than the ape. (A, TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] رُبُّ رُبَّاحٍ (Lth, A, K) or رُبَاحٍ (A) A sort of dates (Lth, A, K) of ElBasrah. (Lth.) b3: Also, (K,) accord. to some, (TA,) رُبَّاحٌ signifies A small young weaned camel, (K,) and small young camels, syn. حَاشِيَةٌ, (TA,) slender in the bones and meagre in the body: (K:) but A Heyth asks, How can it mean small young weaned camels, seeing that a poet applies to it the epithet ثَنِىّ, and the ثنىّ is five years old? and Khidásh Ibn-Zuheyr, in a verse cited by Sh, speaks of a ربّاح breathing hard in labour, in order that her young one might come forth. (TA.) b4: See also رُبَحٌ.

مَتْجَرٌ رَابِحٌ and ↓ رَبِيحٌ (tropical:) Trafficking in which one makes gain, or profit; (TA;) and so تِجَارَةٌ رَابِحَةٌ; (T, S, A, * Msb, K;) [lucrative, or profitable, traffic;] a phrase like لَيْلٌ نَائِمٌ and سَاهِرٌ meaning "a night in which one sleeps" and "in which one is wakeful:" (Az, TA:) and بَيْعٌ

↓ مُرْبِحٌ a sale in which one makes gain, or profit. (TA.) And مَالٌ رَابِحٌ (assumed tropical:) Property having gain, or profit: رابح in this case being like لَابِنٌ and تَامِرٌ: occurring in a trad.: but some read [رَائِحٌ, or, more probably, رَائِجٌ, from رَاجَ,] with ى [or rather ء]. (TA.) b2: See also رَبَحٌ.

مُرْبِحٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رود

1 رَادَ, aor. ـُ (T, S, A,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (A, TA) and رَوْدٌ, (K, TA,) He, or it, (a thing, S,) came and went; (T, S, A, K;) [went to and fro;] was restless, or unsettled. (T, TA.) One says, مَا لِى أَرَاكَ تَرُودُ مُنْذُ اليَوْمِ [What aileth me that I see thee coming and going, or going to and fro, during this day?]. (A, TA.) And رَادَتْ, (S, M, A, K,) aor. ـُ (S, A,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (S, M, K) and رَوْدٌ and رُؤُودٌ, (M,) She (a woman) went about to and from the tents, or houses, of her female neighbours. (S, M, A, K.) And رادت الإِبِلُ, aor. ـُ (AHn, M,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ (AHn, S, M, K) [and app. رَوَدَانٌ &c. as above], The camels went to and fro in the place of pasture. (AHn, S, M, K.) And راد النَّعَمُ فِى المَرْعِى, inf. n. ريَادٌ, The cattle went to and fro in the place of pasture. (A.) And رادت الدَّوَابُّ, inf. n. رَوْدٌ and رَوَدَانٌ [and app. رِيَادٌ also]; and ↓ استرادت; The beasts pastured [going to and fro]. (M.) and رادت الرٍّيحُ, (T, M,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. رَوَدَانٌ (T, TA) and رَوْدٌ and رُؤُود, (TA,) The wind became in motion, or in a state of commotion: (T, TA:) or veered about. (M, TA.) b2: [Hence,] راد وِسَادُهُ [lit. His pillow moved to and fro; meaning] (tropical:) he was, or became, restless, (S, A,) by reason of disease or anxiety: (A:) [or he was, or became, sleepless: for] a poet uses the phrase رَاذَ وِسَادُهَا as expressive of an imprecation, mean ing (assumed tropical:) May she be sleepless, so that her pillow may not remain still. (TA.) [And راد خُرْتُ القَوْمِ and رادت أَخْرَاتُهُمْ: see خُرْتٌ.]

A2: راد, aor. ـُ (Msb,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ (Msb, K) and رَوْدٌ; (K;) and ↓ ارتاد, (Msb,) inf. n. اِرْتِيَادٌ; (K;) and ↓ استراد; (TA;) He sought, sought after, or desired; or he sought, or desired, to find and take, or to get; (Msb, K;) a thing. (Msb.) [It seems to imply the going to and fro in seeking.] You say, راد الكَلَأَ, (S, A, Mgh, L,) and المَآءَ, (Mgh,) aor. ـُ (S, A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. رِيَادٌ and رَوْدٌ: (S, L;) and ↓ ارتادهُ; (S, A, Mgh, L;) [and ↓ استردهُ, as appears from what follows;] and simply راد; (L;) He sought after herbage, (S, Mgh, L,) and water. (Mgh.) And راد أَهْلَهُ كَلَأً, and مَنْزِلًا, (M, L,) and راد لَهُمْ كَلَأً, and مَنْزِلًا, inf. n. رَوْدٌ (T, M, L) and رِيَادٌ; (M;) and ↓ اردتاد; (T, M, L;) and ↓ استراد; (M, L;) He looked for, (T,) and sought after, herbage, and a place in which to alight, (T, M, L,) and chose the best [that he could find], (T,) for his family. (T, M, L.) And الطَّيْرُ

↓ تَسْتَرِيدُ The birds seek after their sustenance, going to and fro in search of it. (A.) [Hence,] لِبَوْلِهِ ↓ ارتاد He sought a soft place, (S, Mgh, L,) or a sloping place, (S, L,) for his urine. when he desired to void it, (S, Mgh, L,) lest it should return towards him, or sprinkle back upon him: (L:) from a trad. (S, L.) b2: راد الدَّارَ, aor. as above, He questioned, or interrogated, [respecting a person beloved,] the house, or abode. (M.) b3: رُدْتُ الدَّوَابَّ I pastured the beasts; as also ↓ أَرَدْتُهَا. (M.) 3 راودهُ He endeavoured to turn him [to, or from, a thing]; as in the phrase راودهُ عَلَى الإِسْلَامِ He endeavoured to turn him, or convert him, to El-Islám; occurring in a trad., in which the agent of the verb is Mohammad, and the object is his uncle Aboo-Tálib;. syn. رَاجَعَهُ and رَادَّهُ: (L:) or رَاوَدْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا, (S,) or عَلَى الأَمْرِ, (Msb,) inf. n. مُرَاوَدَةٌ and رِوَادٌ, (S, Msb, K,) [primarily] signifies I desired, (S, Msb, K, *) or sought, (Msb,) of him that he should do such a thing, or the thing; (S, * Msb;) المُرَاوَدَةُ implying contention (المُخَاصَمَة), because he who desires, or seeks, affects gentle, or bland, behaviour, like him who deceives, or beguiles, and, like him, strives, or labours, to attain his object: (Msb:) and [hence,] راودهُ عَنِ الأَمْرِ, and عَلَيْهِ, He endeavoured to turn him by blandishment, or by deceitful arts, or to entice him to turn, from the thing, and to it; syn. دَارَاهُ, (M, L,) or رَادَاهُ. (TT, as from the M.) سَنُرَاوِدُ عَنْهُ أَبَاهُ, in the Kur xii. 61, means [We will endeavour to turn his father from him, by blandishment, or artifice, and to make him yield him to us: or] we will strive, or labour, to obtain him of his father. (Bd, Jel.) And رَاوَدَتْهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [in the Kur xii. 23] (assumed tropical:) She desired, or sought, of him, copulation, or his lying with her, using blandishment, or artifice, for that purpose; she tempted him to lie with her: (T, and Bd in xii. 23:) [more literally, she endeavoured to turn him, or entice him, by blandishment, or deceitful arts, from his disdain, or disdainful incompliance, and to make him yield himself to her:] and رَاوَدَهَا عَنْ نَفْسِهَا (assumed tropical:) he desired, or sought, of her, copulation, &c. (T.) And رَاوَدَهُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) He endeavoured to deceive him, or beguile him, and to turn him [from his disdain, or purpose, or will,] by blandishment, or artifice. (A.) 4 أَرْوَدَ, (S, A, K,) inf. n. إِرْوَادٌ and مُرْوَدٌ and [quasi-inf. n.] ↓ مَرْوَدٌ (S, K) and ↓ رُوَيْدٌ (TA as from the K [but omitted in my MS. copy of the K and in the CK]) and ↓ رُوَيْدَآءُ and ↓ رُوَيْدِيَةٌ or ↓ رُوَيْدِيَّةٌ, (accord. to different copies of the K,) He acted, or proceeded, gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, (S, A, K, TA,) in going, or pace. (S, A, TA.) A2: أَرْوَدَهُ, (S,) inf. n. إِرْوَادٌ, (M,) He acted gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, towards, or with, him; or granted him a delay, or respite; let him alone, or left him, for a while; syn. أَمْهَلَهُ. (S, M. *) b2: أَرَدْتُ الدَّوَابَّ: see 1, last sentence.

A3: أَرَادَهُ, (M, L, Msb,) inf. n. إِرَادَةٌ, (S, M, L, Msb, K,) originally with و, [i. e. أَرْوَدَهُ,] because you say رَاوَدَهُ (S, L) in a similar sense, (L,) He willed, wished, or desired, it: (S, * M, L, K: *) he loved, or liked, it; and cared for, or minded, it; or was rendered thoughtful, careful, or anxious, by it: (M, L:) or he desired it; sought it, or sought after it; (طَلَبَــهُ;) and chose it: (Msb:) [or] it differs from طَلَبَــهُ, inasmuch as إِرَادَةٌ is sometimes merely conceived in the mind, not apparent; whereas طَلَبٌ is never other wise than apparent, either by act or by word: (Aboo-'Obeyd El-Bekree, TA:) Th says that it sometimes denotes loving, or liking, and some times it does not [as will be shown by what follows]: and Lh mentions the saying هَرْدتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. هِرَادَةٌ, with ه substi tuted for ء [as in هَرَقْتُ for أَرَقْتُ, &c.]. (M.) You say, أَرَدْتُ مِنْهُ كَذَا [I desired, of him, such a thing]. (A.) And مَا أَرَدْتُ إِلَّا مَا فَعَلْتَ [I desired not aught save what thou didst, or hast done]. (A.) [And اراد بِهِ كَذَا He desired to do to him, or he intended him, such a thing; whether good or evil: see Kur xxxiii. 17, &c.] And Kutheiyir says, أُرِيدُ لِأَنْسَى ذِكْرَهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا تُمَثَّلُ لِى لَيْلَى بِكُلِّ سَبِيلِ [I desire to forget the remembrance of her, or the mention of her; but it seems as though Leylà were imaged to me in every road]; meaning أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَنْسَى. (M.) [And ISd says,] I think that Sb has mentioned the phrase أَرَادَنِى بِهٰذَالِكَ, i. e. He intended, or meant, me by that. (M.) [اراد often signifies He intended, or meant, such a thing by a saying or an action.] فَوَجَدَا فِيهَا جِدَارًا يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَنْقَضَّ, in the Kur xviii. 78, means (tropical:) [And they found therein a wall] that was near, or about, to fall down, (Bd, Jel,) or that was ready to fall down; though الإِرَادَة is only from an animate being, and not properly predicable of a wall: and there are many similar instances; as the saying of a poet, يُرِيدُ الرُّمْحُ صَدْرَ أَبِى بَرَآءٍ

وَ يَعْدِلُ عَنْ رِمَآءِ بَنِى عُقَيْلِ [The spear is ready to pierce the breast of Aboo Barà, but it turns away from the bloods of the sons of 'Okeyl]. (M.) [In like manner also] one says, اراد البُكَآءَ (assumed tropical:) [He was about, or ready, to weep: a phrase of frequent occurrence; like تَهَيَّأَ لِلْبُكَآءِ, and هَمَّ بِالْبُكَآءِ]. (TA in art. جهش, &c.) b2: You say also, ارادهُ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ, (M,) or على الأَمْرِ, (A, Mgh,) He endeavoured to induce him, (M,) or he incited him, or made him, (A, Mgh,) to do the thing. (M, A, Mgh.) And ارادهُ عَلَى

أَنْ يَكْتُبَ He incited him, or made him, to write. (Mgh.) And ارادهُ إِلَى الكَلَامِ He constrained, or necessitated, him to speak. (M, * TA.) 5 تروّد He trembled, or quaked, by reason of extreme softness, or tenderness, and fatness. (KL.) 8 إِرْتَوَدَ see 1, in four places.10 إِسْتَرْوَدَ see 1, in five places. b2: استراد لِأَمْرِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad. as meaning He returned, and became gentle and submissive to the command of God. (TA.) رَادٌ: see رَائِدٌ, with which it is syn. (S, M, K.) رَادَةٌ [is its fem.: and] is a pl. of رَائِدٌ. (L.) b2: اِمْرَأَةٌ رَادَةٌ A woman who goes about to and from the tents, or houses, of her female neighbours; (Az, As, S, M, A, K;) as also رَادٌ (TA) and ↓ رَوَادٌ (S M) and ↓ رَؤُودٌ (Aboo-' Alee, M) and ↓ رُوَادَةٌ, like ثُمَامَة, and ↓ رَائِدَةٌ. (K.) You say اِمْرَأْةٌ رَأْدَةٌ غَيْرُ رَادَةٍ A soft, or tender, woman; not one that roves about: in which the former رادة may be without ء, and the latter must be so. (A and TA in art. رأد.) [See رُؤْدٌ; where it is stated that رَادٌ and رَادَةٌ and ↓ رُودَةٌ, as epithets applied to a girl or woman, are syn., one with another, meaning Soft, or tender, &c., like رَأْدٌ and رَأْدَةٌ and رُؤْدَةٌ.] b3: رِيحٌ رَادَةٌ A wind blowing violently to and fro: (TA:) [and ↓ رِيحٌ رَائِدَةٌ signifies the same; or wind in motion, or in a state of commotion.; or veering about: see 1.] [And] A wind blowing gently; (A;) and so ↓ رَوْدٌ and ↓ رَائِدَةٌ (K) and ↓ رَوَادٌ. (TA. [See also art. ريد.]) رَوْدٌ: see what next precedes.

رُودٌ Gentleness; or a leisurely manner of acting or proceeding. (S, M, A, K.) [And accord. to the TT, as from the M, so رُؤْدٌ; but this is a mistranscription, for رُؤْدٌ: see this last, in art. رأد.] You say, يَمْشِى عَلَى رُودٍ He walks, or goes, gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner. (S, A, K.) And its dim. is ↓ رُوَيْدٌ. (S, A, K. [But see what follows.]) They said ↓ رُوَيْدًا, meaning Gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner; (T, S, M, A, K;) with tenween: (T:) and ↓ اِمْشِ رُوَيْدًا Walk thou, or go thou, gently, &c.: (T, A:) so accord. to the lexicologists [in general]: but accord. to Sb, it is a verbal n.: [for] they said, زَيْدًا ↓ رُوَيْدَ, meaning Act thou gently, softly, or in a leisurely manner, towards, or with, Zeyd; or grant him a delay, or respite; let him alone, or leave him, for a while; syn. أَمْهِلْهُ: hence it has no dual nor pl. nor fem. form: and hence they say that it is for إِرْوَادًا, in the sense of أَرْوِدْ; as though it were an abbreviated dim., formed by the rejection of the augmentative letters: this is the opinion of Sb; for he holds it to be a substitute for أَرْوِدْ; though it has a nearer resemblance to إِرْوَادٌ because it is a noun: others hold it to be the dim. of رُودٌ, and cite the saying [of a poet], كَأَنَّهُ مِثْلُ مَنْ يَمْشِى عَلَى رُودِ [As though he were like him who walks, or goes, gently, &c.]: but this is a mistake; for رُودٌ is not put in the place of a verb, as إِرْوَادٌ is. (M.) Accord. to Ibn-Keysán, ↓ رُوَيْد seems to have two contr. significations; for they said, رُوَيْدَ زَيْدًا, meaning Leave thou Zeyd, or let him alone; and also meaning act thou gently towards, or with, Zeyd, and retain him, or withhold him. (TA.) One says also, عَمْرًا ↓ رُوَيْدَكَ, meaning Act thou gently, &c., towards, or with, 'Amr; syn. أَمْهِلْهُ: (T, * S, M, * K:) the ك in this case being a denotative of allocution, (T, S, M,) and having no place in the desinential syntax: (S, M: *) it is added only when رويد is used in the sense of an imperative; (T, S, K;) and to prevent confusion of him who is meant to be addressed with him who is not meant, because رويد applies to one and to more than one and to the male and to the female; though sometimes one says رويدك to a person when one does not fear his being confounded with another, using the ك as a corroborative. (T.) In this case, ↓ رويد is an abbreviated dim. of إِرْوَاد, the inf. n. of أَرْوَدَ. (S.) In like manner also one says, (K, TA,) to a male, (TA,) ↓ رُوَيْدَكَنِى [Act thou gently, &c., towards, or with, me]; and to a female, ↓ رُوَيْدَكِنِى; and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُمَانِى (K, TA) to two persons; (TA;) and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُمُونِى (K, TA) to males more than two; (TA;) and ↓ رُوَيْدَكُنَّنِى (K, TA) to females more than two. (TA.) ↓ رُوَيْد is used in four different manners: first, as a verbal n.; as in عَمْرًا ↓ رُوَيْدَ, (S, K, *) i. e. أَرْوِدْ عَمْرًا, (S,) meaning أَمْهِلْهُ [expl. above]: (S, K:) secondly, as an inf. n.; as in عَمْرٍو ↓ رُوَيْدَ [virtually meaning the same]; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case; (S, M, * K; *) like فَضَرْبَ الرِّقَابِ, in the Kur [xlvii. 4], (S, M, *) in which the inf. n. is put for its verb; (Jel;) and like عَذِيرَ الحَىِّ [expl. in art. عذر]: (M:) thirdly, as an epithet; as in ↓ سَارُوا سَيْرًا رُوَيْدًا [They went, or journeyed, at a gentle, or leisurely, rate of going, or journeying]; (Sb, S, K;) and سَارُوا

↓ رُوَيْدًا, in which سَيْرًا is suppressed: (T:) fourthly, as a denotative of state; as in ↓ سَارَ القَوْمُ رُوَيْدًا [The people, or party, went, or journeyed, going, or journeying, gently, or leisurely]; it being here in connection with a determinate noun, and therefore a denotative of its state. (S, K.) When it is used as a threat, it is with nasb, without tenween; (Lth, T, M; *) as in the saying of a poet, تَصَاهَلْ بِالْعِرَاقِ جِيَادُنَا ↓ رُوَيْدَ كَأَنَّكَ بِالضَّحَّاكِ قَدْ قَامَ نَادِبُهْ [Act thou, or proceed thou, gently, lest our coursers neigh, one to another, in El-'Irák: it is as though thou wert with Ed-Dahhák, his summoner to battle having already risen]. (Lth, T.) Sb mentions his having heard the saying, وَاللّٰهِ مَا الشِّعْرَ ↓ لَوْ أَرَدْتَ الدَّرَاهِمَ لَأَعْطَيْتُكَ رُوَيْدَ [By God, hadst thou desired the money, I had given thee: let alone the poetry: ما being here redundant]: (T, M:) like the phrase, فَدَعِ الشِّعْرَ: (M:) and similar to this is the saying, الشِّعْرَ يَغِبَّ ↓ رُوَيْدَ [explained in art. غب]. (T.) رِيدٌ [originally رِوْدٌ] Will, wish, or desire; (K;) and so ↓ رِيدَةٌ [originally رِوْدَةٌ]: (M, L:) or the former signifies a thing that one wishes, or desires, and strives to obtain: (T in art. ريد:) and the latter, love, or liking, for a thing; and solicitude respecting it: (M, L:) or the latter signifies a kind, or manner, of wishing or desiring; as in the saying, أَرَدْتُهُ بِكُلِّ رِيدَةِ [I wished it, or desired it, with every kind, or manner, of wishing or desiring]. (M.) رُودَةٌ: see رَادٌ.

رِيدَةٌ: see رِيدٌ.

رَوَادٌ: see رَادٌ, in two places.

الرِّيَادُ, originally an inf. n., and ذَبُّ الرِّيَادِ, The wild bull; [a species of bovine antelope;] (M;) called ذبّ الرياد because he goes to and fro, not remaining in one place; (M in art. ذب;) or because he pastures going to and fro; (T and S * and M in that art.;) or because his females pasture with him, going to and fro. (T in that art.) Also, the latter, (tropical:) A man who comes and goes. (Kr, M and TA in art. ذب.) And (tropical:) A man who is in the habit of visiting women. (AA, T and K in that art.) رَؤُودٌ: see رَادٌ.

الرِّوَنْدُ الصِّينِىُّ, (K,) or الرِّيوَنْدُ الصِّينِىُّ, (L,) [mentioned in this art. though the ن should be regarded as radical, for] it is not genuine Arabic, (L,) [China-rhubarb;] a well-known medicine; (K;) a certain cool medicine, good for the liver: (L:) the physicians add an ا to it, (K,) saying رَاوَنْد: (TA:) there are four kinds thereof; the best of which is the صِينِىّ; and inferior to this is the خُرَاسَانِىّ, which is [commonly] known by the appellation of رَاوَنْدُ الدَّوَابِّ, used by the veterinarians: it is a black [app. a mistake for red, or yellow,] wood, of compound powers, but its predominant qualities are heat and dryness. (TA.) رُوَيْدٌ: see 4, first sentence: and see also رُودٌ throughout.

رُوَادَةٌ: see رَادٌ.

رُوَيْدَآءُ and رُوَيْدِيَةٌ or رُوَيْدِيَّةٌ: see 4, first sentence.

رَائِدٌ [act. part. n. of 1, Coming and going; moving to and fro; &c.]. [Hence,] اِمْرَأَةٌ رَائِدَةٌ: see رَادٌ. And دَوَابُّ رَوَائِدُ [pl. of دَابَّةٌ رَائِدَةٌ] Beasts pasturing at pleasure: (T:) or going to and for [in the place of pasture]: or pasturing together while the rest are debarred from the pasture, or tied. (M.) And رِيحٌ رَائِدَةٌ: see رَادٌ, last two sentences. And رَائِدُ الوِسَادِ [lit. Whose pillow moves to and fro; meaning] (tropical:) a man restless by reason of disease or anxiety; (A;) or uneasy on his pillow by reason of anxiety that disquiets him: (TA:) [or sleepless: see 1.] and رَائِدُ العَيْنِ The عُوَّار of the eye, [i. e. the mote, or the like, that has fallen into it, or the foul, thick, white matter that collects in its inner corner, and] that moves to and fro (يَرُودُ) therein. (S.) b2: The handle of the hand-mill, (S, M, A, K,) which the grinder grasps (S, M, A) when he turns round the mill-stone (S, A) therewith. (A.) b3: See also مِرْوَدٌ. b4: One who is sent (S, M, A, Mgh, L, K) before a people or party (Mgh) to seek for herbage (S, M, A, Mgh, L, K) and water (Mgh) and the places where rain has fallen; (L;) or one who looks for, and seeks, herbage, and a place in which to alight, and chooses the best thereof; (T;) and ↓ رَادٌ signifies the same; (S, M, K;) the latter occurring in the poetry of Hudheyl; (M;) [originally رَوَدٌ,] of the measure فَعَلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, (S, K,) like فَرَطٌ in the sense of فَارِطٌ, (S,) or of the measure فَاعِلٌ deprived of its medial radical letter, or of the measure فَعِلٌ, [originally رَوِدٌ,] but if so, it is a kind of rel. n., not an act. part. n.: (M:) the pl. of the former is رُوَّادٌ (M, A, L) and رَادَةٌ. (L.) One says, الرَّائِدُ لَا يَكْذِبُ أَهْلَهُ, (T, Mgh,) or لَا يَكْذِبُ الرَّائِدُ أَهْلَهُ, (S,) [The seeker of herbage, &c., will not lie to his family,] for if he lie to them he perishes with them: (Ham p. 547:) a prov. applied to him who will not lie when he relates a thing. (M.) And hence the saying, الحُمَّى رَائِدُ المَوْتِ (tropical:) Fever is the messenger that precedes death; like the messenger that goes before a people, or party, to seek for herbage and water. (Mgh, TA.) Hence, likewise, رَائِدٌ is also applied to (tropical:) One who goes before with some abominable deed or design. (TA.) And to (assumed tropical:) A seeker of science or knowledge. (L, from a trad.) [Hence also,] أَنَا رَائِدُ حَاجَةٍ and ↓ مُرْتَادُهَا (tropical:) [I am the seeker of an object of want]: and أُنَاسٌ رُوَّادُ الحَاجَاتِ (tropical:) [Men who are the seekers of the objects of want]. (A.) b5: Also One who has no place in which to alight or abide. (T in art. ريد. and TA.) A2: [See also art. رأد.]

رَائِدَةٌ a subst. that is put in the place of اِرْتِيَادٌ [inf. n. of 8], and of إِرَادَةٌ [inf. n. of 4]. (T in art. ريد.) أَرْوَدُ Gentle, or quiet, and unnoticed in operation: so in the saying, الدَّهْرُ أَرْوَدُ غِيَرٍ [Time, or fortune, is gentle, or quiet, and unnoticed in operation; characterized by changing accidents]. (S, TA.) A2: ↓ أُرْيَدُ [More, and most, desirous], occurring in the prov., إِنْ كُنْتِ تُرِيدِينَ فَأَنَا لَكِ

أَرْيَدُ [If thou desire me, I am more desirous of thee], is said by Akh to be altered from أَرْوَدُ; and thus to be like أَحْيَلُ, in the phrase هُوَ أَحْيَلُ النَّاسِ, originally أَحْوَلُ. (MF.) أَرْيَدُ: see what next precedes.

مَرَادٌ A place where camels go to and fro in pasturing; (S, K;) as also ↓ مُسْتَرَادٌ. (K.) and مَرَادُ الرِّيحِ The place where the wind [blows to and fro, or] goes and comes. (S, TA.) مُرَادٌ [What is willed, or wished;] desired; sought, or sought after; and chosen: (Msb:) loved, or liked. (L.) [Intended, or meant, by a saying or an action.]

مَرْوَدٌ: see 4, first sentence.

مِرْوَدٌ A certain well-known instrument, (Msb,) [resembling a bodkin, or small probe, tapering towards the end, but blunt, generally of wood or bone or ivory or silver,] with which the [black powder called] كُحْل is applied to the eyes; (TA;) syn. مِيلٌ, (S, M, A, K,) and مِكْحَالٌ: so called [because it is passed to and fro along the edges of the eyelids,] from رَادَ signifying “he, or it, came and went:” (Mgh:) pl. مَرَاوِدُ. (Msb.) b2: The pivot of the sheave of a pulley, if of iron. (S, K. *) b3: A wooden pin, peg, or stake; syn. وَتِدٌ. (M, K.) b4: An iron [swivel] that turns round in the لِجَام [i. e. bit, or bit and bridle]: (S, K:) or an iron [swivel] which is attached to the رَسَن of the colt [or horse] and of the hawk, [i. e., to the halter, or leading-cord, of the colt or horse, and the leash of the hawk,] and which, when he turns round, turns round with him: (A:) or the مِرْوَدَانِ, also called the ↓ رَائِدَانِ, are the two rings in [either of] which is the extremity of the عِذَار [or side-piece of the headstall of the horse]. (IDrd, in his “Book on the Saddle and Bridle.”) You say, دَارَ المُهْرُ وَ البَازِى فِى المِرْوَدِ [The colt, and the hawk, went round, attached to the مرود]. (A.) b5: A joint; syn. مَفْصِلٌ. (M.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A limit, or an extent, to which one runs: so in a trad. of 'Alee, in which it is said, إِنَّ لِبَنِى أُمَيَّةَ مِرْوَدًا يَجْرُونَ إِلَيْهِ [Verily there is a limit, or an extent, for the sons of Umeiyeh, to which they run]: from إِرْوَادٌ as signifying إِمْهَالٌ. (TA.) مُرِيدٌ as meaning A candidate for admission into a religious order, during his state of probation, is a conventional post-classical term. So too as meaning A devotee, whose sole endeavour is to comply with the will of God.]

مُرْتادُ حَاجَةٍ: see رَائِدٌ.

مُسْتَرَادٌ: see مَرَادٌ.

A2: [Also pass. part. n. of 10.] The sayings فُلَانٌ مُسْتَرَادٌ لِمِثْلِهِ and فُلَانَةُ مُسْتَرَادَةٌ لِمِثْلِهَا are expl. as meaning (tropical:) The like of such a man, and the like of such a woman, is sought after, and coveted, by reason of the high estimation in which he, and she, is held: and it is said that the meaning is, مستراد مثله and مثلها; the ل being redundant. (M, TA. [The latter clause seems to indicate a different meaning from that before expressed: but for this I see no reason.])

ر

أس1 رَأَسَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (K, TA, [in a copy of the M رَاُ^َ,]) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M, TA,) He (a man, S) hit, or hurt, his head. (S, M, K.) b2: رَأَسْتُهُ بِالعَصَى I struck his head with the staff, or stick. (A.) b3: رَأَسَهُ البِرْسَامُ The disease called برسام affected, or overcame, (أَخَذَ,) his head. (A.) [And hence,] رُئِسَ, (M, A,) inf. n. رَأْسٌ, (M,) His (a man's) head was, or became, affected, or overcome, by the disease called برسام, or otherwise: (A:) or he had a complaint of his head. (M, TA.) A2: رَأَسَ القَوْمَ, (S, M, A,) and رَأَسَ عَلَيْهِمْ, (M,) aor. ـَ (S, M,) inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (S, M, A,) (tropical:) He was, or became, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of, or over, the people; he headed them; (M, A; *) he was, or became, their superior, (M.) [See also 5.]

b2: Also رَأَسَ, alone, aor. ـَ inf. n. رِئَاسَةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, high in rank or condition. (Msb.) b3: And, with the same aor. and inf. n., (tropical:) He strove for رِئَاسَة [or headship, or command,] (زَاحَمَ عَلَيْهَا,) and desired it. (IAar, TA.) 2 رأّس الضَّبُّ الأَفْعَى The [lizard called] ضبّ turned his head towards the viper, or met the viper head-foremast, in coming forth from his hole: for the viper comes to the hole of the ضبّ, and hunts after it, and sometimes the latter comes forth with its head towards the former, and is said to be مَرَئِّس: and sometimes a man hunts after the ضبّ, and puts a stick into the mouth of its hole, and it imagines it to be a viper, and comes forth head-foremost or tail-foremost, i. e., مُرَئِّسًا أَوْ مُذَنِّبًا. (TA.) A2: [The verb is also used intransitively, as meaning It (a ضَبّ) put its head foremost in coming forth from its hole: contr. of ذَنَّبَ.]

A3: رَأَّسْتُهُ, inf. n. تَرْئِيسٌ, (tropical:) I made, or appointed, him رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king], (S, K,) عَلَى القَوْمِ over the people. (S, TA.) And رَأَّسُوهُ عَلَىأَنْفُسِهِمْ, (M, A,) seen by Az, in the book of Lth, written رَوَّسُوهُ, but the former is the regular form, (TA,) (tropical:) They made him head, chief, commander, &c., over themselves. (M, A.) 5 ترأّس عَلَىالقَوْمِ (tropical:) He became made, or appointed, head, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, over the people; (S, M, A;) as also عَلَيْهِمْ ↓ ارتأس: (S:) or both signify [like رَأَسَ على القوم,] he was, or became, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.] (K, TA) over the people. (TA.) 8 ارتأس الشَّىْءَ He, or it, became mounted, or fixed, upon the head of the thing. (M, TA. *) In the saying, يَرْتَاسُ السِّنَانَ فَيُقْتَلُ [He becomes fixed upon the point of the spear-head, and is slain], in a verse cited by Th, يَرْتَاسُ is for يَرْتَئِسُ. (M.) A2: See also 5.

A3: ارتأس زَيْدًا He took Zeyd by the neck, and lowered it to, or towards, the ground. (K, from the “ Nawádir el-Aaráb. ”) b2: Hence, (assumed tropical:) He occupied Zeyd so as to divert his attention: (K, from the same:) and اِكْتَاسَهُ and اِرْتَكَسَهُ and اِعْتَكَسَهُ also signify the same [app. in the former sense, or perhaps in both senses.] (TA, from the same.) رَأْسٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) generally with ء, except in the dial. of Benoo-Temeem, who constantly suppress the ء, (Msb,) [The head of a man and of any animal;] a certain part of an animal, (Msb,) well known: (Msb, K:) masc., (Msb, TA,) by common consent: (TA:) and (K) the highest or uppermost part, or top, or summit, (M, A, K,) of a thing, (M,) or of anything; (A, K;) as, for instance, of a mountain, &c.; (the Lexicons, passim;) and the upper, or uppermost, part of a valley: (TA: see رَائِسٌ:) pl. (of pauc., S, TA) أَرْؤُسٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and, by transposition, آرُسٌ, (M, TA, * [originally أَأْرُسٌ, in the L, erroneously, أاراس,]) and (of mult., S, TA) رُؤُوسُ, (S, M, Msb, K, [by some carelessly written رُؤُسٌ, and by some, allowably, رُؤُسٌ,]) which is not transposed, and رُوْسٌ, which is elliptical. (M, TA.) A poet uses the pl. for the dual, saying, رُؤُوسُ كَبِيرَيْهِنَّ يَنْتَطِحَانِ [The heads of the two great ones, or old ones, of them, smite each other with their horns]. (M.) b2: أُمُّ الرَّأْسِ: see أُمٌّ. b3: يَوْمُ الرُّؤُوسِ [The day of the heads] is applied by the people of Mekkeh to the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ, because then they eat the heads of the animals sacrificed. (A, TA.) b4: أَصَابَ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) He kissed his head: a metonymical phrase. (TA.) b5: رُمِىَ فُلَانٌ مِنْهُ فِى الرَّأْسِ [lit., Such a one was shot by him in the head; meaning,] (assumed tropical:) he turned away from him, and did not look towards him nor pay any regard or attention to him, and deemed him troublesome. (S, TA.) You say also, رُمِيتُ مِنْكَ فِى الرَّأْسِ, meaning, (assumed tropical:) Thou hast an evil opinion of me (S, K) so that thou canst not look towards me. (S.) b6: رَكِبَ رَأْسَهُ: see art. ركب. b7: وَلَدَتْ وَلَدَهَا عَلَى رَأْسٍ وَاحِدٍ (assumed tropical:) She brought forth her children one after, or near after, another. (IAar, M.) In like manner you say, وُلِدَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَوْلَادٍ رَأْسًا عَلَى إِثْرِ رَأْسٍ, (M,) or رَأْسًا عَلَى رَأْسٍ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He had three children born to him one after, or near after, another. (M, TA.) And اِجْعَلْ هٰذَا الشَّىْءَ رَأْسًا وَاحِدًا (assumed tropical:) Make thou this thing to be [uniform, or] of one way, or mode, or manner. (ISK, TA in art. بأج.) b8: عِنْدِى رَأْسُ مِنَ الغَنَمِ (tropical:) [I have one head of sheep or goats]: and عِدَّةٌ مِنْ

أَرْؤُسٍ (tropical:) [a number of head thereof]. (A, TA.) It is said in a trad. of' Omar, وَاجْعَلُوا الرَّأْسَ رَأْسَيْنِ (tropical:) And make ye the one head two head, by buying two animals with the price of one, that, when one dies, the second may remain. (Mgh in art. فرق.) And you say, فُلَانٌ يَرْتَبِطُ كَذَا رَأْسًا مِنَ الدَّوَابِّ [Such a one ties so many head of beasts]. (S in art. ربط.) b9: أَعْطِنِى رَأْسًا مِنْ ثُومٍ وَ سِنًّا مِنْهُ (tropical:) [Give thou to me a head of garlic, and a clove thereof]: and كَمْ فِى رَأْسِكَ مِنْ سِنِّ (tropical:) [How many cloves are there in thy head of garlic?]. (A, TA.) b10: رَأْسٌ also signifies The extremity of a thing: or, as some say, the end, or last, thereof. (MF. TA.) b11: [A head, head-land, cape, or promontory.] b12: The hilt of a sword; (A;) and so ↓ رِئَاسٌ; (S, M, K; [in a copy of the A رِيَاسَةٌ;]) or this signifies its pommel, (Sgh, K,) more correctly; (Sgh;) and is also written رِيَاسٌ, but whether for رِئَاسٌ or originally with ى is doubtful. (M.) [From the first of the above-mentioned significations arise several others, which are tropical. b13: Hence, الرَّأْسُ وَالذَّنَبُ (assumed tropical:) The two nodes of a planet: see تِنِّينٌ. b14: Hence likewise,] رَأْسٌ is also (tropical:) syn. with رَئِيسٌ, q. v. infrà. (M, K.) You say, مَا أُرِيدُهُ رَأْسًا (tropical:) [I do not desire him as a رئيس, i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (A.) And it is said in a trad., رَأْسُ الكُفْرِ مِنْ قِبَلِ المَشْرِقِ (tropical:) [The head, or leader, of infidelity is from the direction of the place of sunrise]: indicating that Ed-Dejjál or some other of the heads of error will come forth in the east. (TA.) b15: رَأْسُ المَالِ (tropical:) The capital, or principal, of property. (Msb, K.) [Hence the saying,] أَقْرَضَتْنِى عَشَرَةً بِرَؤُوسِهَا (tropical:) She lent me ten [pieces of money] as a loan whereof the principal was to be repaid without interest. (Mgh, TA. *) b16: القَافِيَةُ الرأْسُ البَيْتِ (assumed tropical:) [The rhyme is the principal, or most essential, part of the verse]: said by one of the tribe of' Okeyl, to IJ. (M.) b17: رَأْسُ الدِّينِ الخَشْيَةُ (tropical:) [The principal part, or the beginning, of religion is fear of God]. (A, TA.) b18: رَأْسُ الشَّهْرِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning of the month. (Msb.) [And in like manner, رَأْسُ السَّنَةِ (assumed tropical:) The beginning, or first day, of the year.] b19: رَأْسُ الأَمْرِ, (K, TA,) or ↓ رِئَاس, (so in the CK,) [both correct, as will be seen from what follows,] (tropical:) The beginning of the affair; the first thereof. (K, TA.) b20: أَعِدْ عَلَىَّ كَلَامَكَ مِنْ رَأْسٍ, (S, M,) and مِنَ الرَّأْسِ, but this is less common, (M,) or is a vulgar phrase, not allowable, (S,) (tropical:) [Repeat thou to me thy speech from the beginning:] said by a person to one talking to him. (TA.) One also says to a person talking to him, خُذْهُ مِنْ رَأْسٍ (tropical:) [Take thou it from the beginning]. (A.) b21: أَنْتَ عَلَىرَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ, and ↓ على رِئَاسِهِ (assumed tropical:) Thou art on the point of accomplishing thine affair: (M, TA:) or أَنْتَ عَلَى

أَمْرِكَ ↓ رِئَاسِ signifies (assumed tropical:) thou art at the beginning of thine affair; and the vulgar say, عَلَى رَأْسِ أَمْرِكَ (S, TA.) b22: أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ: see art. ضرع. b23: كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) That was in the time of such a one; in his life-time: like the phrase عَلَى رِجْلِ فُلَانٍ. (TA in art. رجل.) b24: رَأْسٌ also signifies (tropical:) A numerous and strong company of people. (As, S, M, K.) You say, هُمْ رَأْسٌ (tropical:) They are a numerous and strong company of people. (S.) And هُمْ رَأْسٌ عَظِيمٌ (tropical:) They are an army by themselves, not needing any aid. (A, TA.) 'Amr Ibn-Kulthoom says, (S,) بِرَأْسٍ مِنْ بَنِى جُشَمِ بْنِ بِكْرٍ

نَدُقُّ بِهِ السُّهُولَةَ وَالحُزُونَا [as though meaning, With a numerous and strong company of Benoo-Jusham-Ibn-Bekr, with which we beat the plains and the rugged tracts]: (S, M:) but [J says,] I think that he means رَئِيس, [i. e. head, chief, &c.,] because he says ندقّ بِهِ, not بِهِمْ (S.) رُؤَاسٌ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رِئَاسٌ: see رَأْسٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and again, in three places, in the latter part thereof.

رَؤُوسٌ: see رَائِسٌ. b2: Also A camel having no fatness (طِرْق) remaining except in the head; (S, K;) and so ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (S, TA,) incorrectly said in the K to be ↓ مُرَأَّسٌ, like مُعَظَّمٌ; (TA;) mentioned by A' Obeyd, from Fr.; (S;) so too ↓ مِرْآسٌ. (K.) رَئِيسٌ Hit, or hurt, in the head; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ. (S.) Hence, شَاةٌ رَئِيسٌ A sheep or goat, or a ewe or she-goat, hit, or hurt, in her head: pl. رَآسَى: (S, M, K:) you say غَنَمٌ رَآسَى. (S, K.) b2: Having his head broken, its skin being cleft. (TA.) b3: Having his head affected, or overcome, by the disease called بِرْسَام; as also ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (A:) or ↓ the latter, a man afflicted with that disease: (M, TA:*) and ↓ the same, also, a man having a complaint of his head. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) The head, or headman, chief, commander, governor, ruler, lord, master, prince, or king, of a people; a person of authority; (S, M, A, * K;) as also ↓ رَيِّسٌ (S, K) and ↓ رَأْسٌ [q. v.]; (M, A, K;) and [in like manner] ↓ رَائِسٌ, syn. of this last, وَالٍ: (K:) or رَئِيسٌ signifies, [or rather signifies also,] a person high in rank or condition: (Msb:) its pl. is رُؤَسَآهُ, (M, Msb,) pronounced by the vulgar رُوَسَآء: (TA:) in El-Yemen, ↓رَيِّسٌ is applied to one who shaves the head. (TA in art. ريس.) b2: رَئِيسُ الكِلَابِ (S, M, A,) and ↓ رَائِسُهَا, (M, TA,) (tropical:) [The chief, or leader, of the dogs;] the dog that is' among the other dogs, as the رَئِيس among a people: (S:) the chief of the dogs, that is not preceded by them in the chase. (M, TA.) b3: الأَعْضَآءُ الرَّئِيسَةُ (tropical:) [The capital parts of an animal] are, with physicians, four; (Mgh, TA;) namely, the heart, the brain, the liver, and the testicles: (Mgh, K, TA:) the first three, because without every one of them the person cannot exist; and the last, because privation thereof is a privation of نَوْع [properly species]: the assertion that they are the nose, and the tongue, and the penis, is erroneous. (Mgh, TA.) رُؤَاسِىٌّ: see أَرْأَسُ.

رُؤُوسٌ رُوَّسٌ: see مِرْأَسٌ.

رَأّسٌ A seller of heads: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) رَوَّاسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) or رَوَّاسِىٌّ, (K, TA,) with و and with the relative ى, (TA,) is vulgar, (S,) or incorrect, (Mgh, K,) or post-classical. (Msb.) رِئِّيسٌ One who is often made or appointed, or who often becomes, رَئِيس [i. e. head, chief, &c.]. (K, TA.) رَائِسٌ [act. part. n. of 1.] b2: كَلْبَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) A bitch that takes the object of the chase by the head. (M, TA.) And [in like manner] ↓ كَلْبَةٌ رَؤُوسٌ A bitch that springs upon the head of the object of the chase. (TA.) A2: رَائِسٌ also signifies Anything elevated, or rising above the part or parts adjacent to it. (M, TA.) The head (↓ رَأْس) of a valley: (M, TA:) pl. رَوَائِسُ, (TA,) which signifies the upper, or uppermost, parts of valleys. (K, TA.) A3: سَحَابَةٌ رَائِسٌ, (M,) or رَائِسَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مُرَائِسٌ, (M,) (assumed tropical:) A cloud preceding the other clouds: (M: [but perhaps سَحَابَةٌ in the copy of the M from which this is taken is a mistake for سَحَابٌ, i. e. clouds:]) pl. رَوَائِسُ. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

رَيِّسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in two places.

أَرْأَسٌ Having a large head; (S, M, A, Mgh, K; *) applied to a man, (S, A, Mgh,) and to a sheep or goat, (S, TA,) and to a stallion; (TA; [but فحل, there, is perhaps a mistake for رَجُلٌ;]) as also ↓ رُؤَاسِىٌّ; (S, M, A, K;) which is likewise applied to a man, (S, A,) and to a stallion, (TA,) but not to a sheep or goat; (ISk, S;) and رَوَّاسِىٌّ; (TA in art. روس;) and ↓ رُؤَاسٌ; (M, TA;) applied to a stallion; (TA;) and ↓ مَرْؤُوسٌ: (K, * TA:) fem. of the first, رَأْسَآءُ. (M.) b2: Also رَأْسَآءُ A ewe, (S, M, K,) or she-goat, (M,) having a black head (A'Obeyd, S, M, K) and face, (S, M, K,) the rest of her being white. (S.) رَأْسٌ مِرْأَسٌ, incorrectly written in the K مَرْأَسٌ, like مَقْعَدٌ, (TA,) i. q. مِصَكٌّ لِلرُّؤُوسِ [app. meaning A head strong to butt, or knock, against other heads]: pl. رُؤُوسٌ مَرَائِيسُ, (K, TA,) or مَرَائِسُ; (CK;) and ↓ رُؤُوسٌ رُؤَّسٌ [signifies the same]. (K, * TA.) مُرَأَّسٌ: see رَؤُوسٌ.

مُرَئِّسٌ A [lizard of the kind called] ضبّ coming forth from his hole having his head foremost: opposed to مُذَنِّبٌ. (TA.) b2: المُرَئِّسُ The lion. (K.) مِرْآسٌ A horse that bites the heads of other horses when running with them in a race: (M, K: *) or [so in some copies of the K, but in others “ and,”] that takes precedence of the other horses in a race. (K, * TA.) b2: See also رَؤُوسٌ.

مَرْؤُوسٌ: see رَئِيسٌ, in four places: b2: and see أَرْأَسُ. b3: Also One whose desire (شَهْوَة) is in his head only. (Fr, Sgh, K.) A2: (tropical:) Subjects [of a رَئِيس]. (K.) مُرَائِسٌ: see رَائِسٌ: b2: and رَؤُوسٌ.

A2: Also One holding back (Sgh, K) from the party [to which he belongs] (Sgh, TA) in fight, or battle. (Sgh, K.)

رخص

1 رَخُصَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. رُخْصٌ, It (a thing, Msb, or a price, S, A) was, or became, cheap, low-priced, or low. (S, A, Msb, K, TA.) [Accord. to all of these authorities, this seems to be the primary signification: but Et-Tebreezee (Ham p. 47) thinks it to be from رَخْصَةٌ applied to a woman, as meaning “ soft, or tender. ”] Some say رَخَصَ also; but this is not of established authority. (MF.) b2: رَخُصَ, aor. ـُ (M, A, Msb, K,) inf. n. رَخَاصَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and رُخُوصَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) and رُخْصَانُ, (Lth, TA,) It (a thing, K, or the body, S, Msb, or flesh, A) was, or became, soft, or tender; (S, M, A, Msb, K, TA;) and soft to the feel: (Msb:) and in like manner رَخُصَتْ said of a girl: (A:) or, said of a woman, inf. n. رُخْصَانٌ, she was, or became, soft, or tender, and delicate, or thin, in her external skin: and said of a woman's fingers, they were, or became, soft, or tender: but when said of a plant, inf. n. رَخَاصَةٌ, it was, or became, soft, flaccid, or easily or quickly broken: (Lth:) [and said of a twig, or rod, it was, or became, fresh, or succulent, and soft, or tender: see رَخْصٌ.]2 رُخِصَ لَهُ فِي كَذَا, inf. n. تَرْخِيصٌ, He had indulgence, license, or facilitation, granted, or conceded, to him in, or with respect to, such a thing. (S, A, * K *) You say, رَخَّصَ الشَّرْعُ لَنَا فِي كَذَا, inf. n. as above, The law has been indulgent to us in, or with respect to, such a thing; has facilitated it to us; as also ↓ ارخص, inf. n. إِرْخَاصٌ. (Msb.) And رَخَّصْتُ فُلَاناً فِي كَذَا وَ كَذَا, [or, more commonly, لِفُلَانٍ,] I gave license, or permission, to such a one to do such and such things after my forbidding him to do them. (TA.) 4 ارخصهُ He (God, S, A, Msb, or a man, JK) made it (a thing, Msb, or a price, S, A) cheap, low-priced, or low. (JK, S, A, Msb, K.) رَخَّصَهُ, in this sense, is not known. (Msb.) b2: Also He found it to be cheap, low-priced, or low. (K.) b3: Also, (K,) or ↓ ارتخصهُ, (S, A,) He bought it cheap, or at a low price. (S, A, K.) b4: See also 2.5 ترخّص He took, or availed himself of, or allowed himself, indulgence, license, or facilitation; (A, TA;) he did not go to the utmost length; (S, Msb, K;) [he relaxed, or remitted;] in (فِي) such a thing; (S;) in affairs; (A;) or in the affair. (Msb.) You say also, ترخّص فِي حَقِهِ He took what was easily attainable, of his right, or due, and did not go to the utmost length. (A.) 8 ارتخصهُ: see 4. b2: Also, (S, Sgh, K,) or ↓ استرخصهُ, (A,) He reckoned it cheap, or lowpriced: (S, A, Sgh, K:) and ↓ the latter, he saw it, or judged it, to be so. (Lth, K.) 10 استرخصهُ: see 8, in two places.

رَخْصٌ applied to a thing, (A, K,) or to the body, (S, Msb,) and to flesh, and to a plant, (A,) Soft, or tender; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and soft to the feel: (Msb:) and ↓ رَخِيصٌ signifies the same, (AA, M, K,) applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, (AA, K,) as also the former: (TA:) fem. of each with ة: (M, TA:) رَخْصةٌ is also applied to a girl, (A,) and to a woman, (K, TA, but omitted in the CK,) and to fingers, signifying not rigid or tough: (K:) or, applied to a woman, it signifies soft, or tender, and delicate, or thin, in her external skin: and applied to a woman's fingers, soft, or tender: but رَخْصٌ applied to a plant, soft, flaccid, or easily or quickly broken: (Lth, TA:) and applied to a twig, or rod, fresh, or succulent, and soft, or tender: (Msb:) the pl. of رَخْصٌ is رِخَاصٌ: (Msb:) and that of رَخْصَةٌ is رَخَائِصُ, which is irreg. [as such, but reg. as pl. of ↓ رَخِيصَةٌ]; (K, TA;) occurring in poetry. (TA.) You say, هُوَ رَخْصُ الجَسَدِ He is soft, or tender, in body. (S.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ رَخْصَةُ البَدَنِ A woman soft, or tender, in body. (IDrd, TA.) رُخْصٌ [see 1, of which it is the inf. n., in the first of the senses explained above. b2: Also The act of making cheap;] a subst. from أَرْخَصَهُ in the first of the senses here assigned thereto. (Msb.) رُخْصَةٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and رُخُصَةٌ (A, Msb, K) Indulgence, license or facilitation; (S, A, Msb, K;) in an affair: (S, A, Msb:) pl. رُخَصٌ (A, Msb) and رُخْصَاتٌ and رُخَصَاتٌ and رُخُصَاتٌ. (Msb.) You say, لَكَ فِى هٰذَا رُخْصَةٌ [Thou hast, or shalt have, in, or with respect to, this, indulgence, license, or facilitation]. (A.) b2: (tropical:) Indulgence granted, or conceded, by God to his servant, in a matter which He alleviates to him. (A, K.) b3: [(assumed tropical:) An ordinance of indulgence; such as the shortening of prayer in travelling, and the like: pl. رُخَصٌ, of which we have an ex. in the following trad.:] اَللّٰهُ يُحِبُّ أَنْ تُؤْتَى رُخَصُهُ كَمَا يُحِبُّ

أَنْ تُؤْتَى عَزَائِمُهُ [(assumed tropical:) God loveth that his ordinances of indulgence be performed, like as He loveth that his obligatory ordinances be performed]. (A.) b4: (tropical:) A portion, or share, of water: (A:) or a time, or turn, in drinking. (K.) رَخِيصٌ A cheap, or low-priced, thing; (Msb;) a low price. (S, A.) A2: (tropical:) A quick death. (Lth, A, K.) A3: See also رَخْصٌ, in two places. b2: (tropical:) Soft, without strength or sturdiness, and without endurance: or stupid, dull, wanting in intelligence; syn. بَلِيدٌ. (TA.)

رضع

1 رَضِعَ أُمَّهُ, aor. ـَ and رَضَعَ, aor. ـِ (S, Msb, * K;) the former of the dial. of Tihámeh; (O, L;) the latter of the dial. of Nejd; (S, O, L;) or the former of the dial. of Nejd; and the latter of the dial. of Tihámeh, and used by the people of Mekkeh; (Msb;) and رَضَعَ, (Msb,) i. e. رَضَعَ ثَدْىَ أُمِّهِ, (IKtt, TA,) aor. ـَ (IKtt, Msb;) inf. n. رَضَاعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the first, (S, TA,) or of the third, (Msb,) and رِضَاعٌ, (K,) [which is also an inf. n. of 3,] and رَضَعٌ, (Msb, K,) of the first, (Msb, TA,) and رَضْعٌ, (S, Msb, K,) of the second, (S, Msb,) and رَضِعٌ, (Msb, K,) said by some to be the original form of the inf. n. of the second, (Msb,) and رَضَاعَةٌ, (Msb, K,) of the third, (Msb,) and رِضَاعَةٌ; (K;) or the last two are simple substs. form رَضَاعٌ; (IAth;) said of a child; (S, Msb;) He sucked the breast of his mother; (K;) and ↓ ارتضع signifies the same. (Msb, TA.) You say, هٰذَا أَخِى مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ [This is my foster-brother]; and هٰذَا رَضِيعِى. (S, K. *) The saying, in a trad., الرَّضَاعَةُ مِنَ المَجَاعَةِ, and الرِّضَاعَةُ, means The sucking which occasions interdiction of marriage [with the woman whose milk is sucked and certain of her relations] is that of an infant when hungry; not of a child that is grown up: (IAth:) or that consequent upon hunger which is stopped by the milk in the time of infancy of the child; not when the child's hunger is only to be stopped by solid food. (Mgh in art. جوع.) You also say, of a man, يَرْضَعُ إِبِلَهُ (S, K) and غَنَمَهُ (S) [He sucks the teats of his camels and of his ewes or she-goats, by reason of his sordidness: see رَاضِعٌ]. b2: رَضِعَ اللُّؤْمَ مِنْ ثَدْىِ

أُمِّهِ (tropical:) [He sucked meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness, from the breast of his mother]; (K;) i. e. he was born in meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness. (TA.) b3: يَرْضَعُ النَّاسَ (assumed tropical:) He begs of men; (K, TA;) asks gifts of them. (TA.) So, accord. to IAar, in the saying of Jereer, وَيَرْضَعُ مَنْ لَا قَى وَإِنْ يَرَ مُقْعَدًا يَقُودُ بِأَعْمَى فَالْفَرَزْدَقُ سَائلُهْ [And he begs of him whom he meets; and if he see a cripple leading a blind person, El-Farezdak asks of him]: but [properly speaking] the مُقعَد is one who cannot stand, so as to lead the blind. (TA.) b4: هُوَ يَرْضَعُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَذُمُّهَا (tropical:) [He sucks the sweets of the present world, and dispraises it]. (TA.) A2: رَضُعَ, (S, Z, K,) with damm, as though what the verb denotes were natural to the person of whom it is said, (S, TA,) or the verb has this form because it is changed in meaning so as to be intensive, (Z, TA,) aor. ـُ and رَضَعَ, aor. ـِ (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) inf. n., (Z, K,) of the former verb, (Z, TA,) رَضَاعَةً, (Z, K,) with fet- h only; (IAth, TA;) (tropical:) He (a man, S) was, or became, mean, sordid, or ignoble: (S, * K, TA:) or he was, or became, very mean, &c.: (Z, TA:) [see رَاضَعٌ:] or one says, لَؤُمَ وَرَضُعَ, for the sake of mutual resemblance; and the meaning is, [he was, or became, mean, sordid, or ignoble, and] he sucked from the teat of the she-camel, fearing lest, if he milked, any one should know of his doing so, and demand of him somewhat. (Msb.) A3: رَضَعَتْ أَلْبَانُهَا (tropical:) Their milk became little in quantity; said in reference to milch-camels abounding with milk. (TA. [But the context in the TA suggests that this is a mistake; that the phrase is said of the wind called رَضَاعَةٌ; and that the right reading is رَضَعَتْ أَلْبَانَهَا; and the meaning, (assumed tropical:) It rendered their milk little in quantity.]) 3 راضعهُ, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. مُرَاضَعَةٌ and رِضَاعٌ (Msb, K, TA) and also رِضَاعَةٌ, (Msb,) [but this last is anomalous, and, if correct, is probably a simple subst.,] He sucked with him; or had him sucking with him; (Msb, * K, * TA;) he had him as his رَضِيع [or foster-brother]. (Msb.) b2: [Hence,] بَيْنَهُمَا رِضَاعُ الكَأْسِ (tropical:) [Between them two is the sipping of the wine-cup, or cup of wine]. (TA.) b3: مُرَاضَعَةٌ also signifies An infant's sucking the breast of his mother while she has a child in her belly. (K.) A2: راضع ابْنَهُ He gave, or delivered, his son to the woman who should suckle him. (S, K.) [See also 4.]4 أَرْضَعَتْ She (a woman) had a child which she suckled. (K.) b2: ذَاتُ إِرْضَاعٍ, also, signifies (assumed tropical:) Having milk, though not having a child that is suckled. (IB.) A2: أَرْضْعَتْهُ أُمُّهُ His mother suckled him. (S, Msb, K. *) b2: You say also, أَرْضَعَ الوَلَدَ [app. meaning He caused the child to be suckled: or, perhaps, he suckled the child, by means of his wife or a female slave; because his semen genitale is considered as the source of the milk of a woman who has borne him a child; accord. to a saying of Lth, cited in an explanation of a usage of the word لَقَاحٌ or لِقَاحٌ]. (K voce مَلَحَ, q. v.) [See also 3.]6 تراضعا They both sucked the breast of a woman together; each with the other. (TA.) 8 ارتضع: see 1; first sentence. b2: ارتضعت العَنْزُ The she-goat drank [or sucked] her own milk [from her udder]. (S, K.) b3: Hence اِرْتِضَاعُ الكَأْسِ (assumed tropical:) The drinking [of the cup] of wine. (Har p. 284: [See also 3.]) 10 استرضع He sought, or demanded, a wetnurse. (K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 233], وَإِنْ أَرَدْتُمْ أَنْ تَسْتَرْضِعُوا أَوْلَادَكُمْ And if ye desire to seek, or demand, wet-nurses for your children; i. e., ان تسترضعوا اولادكم مَرَاضِعَ; the second objective complement [accord. to this order of the words], but the first in reality because the wetnurse is the agent with respect to the child, being suppressed; for you say, اِسْتَرْضَعْتُ المَرْأَةَ وَلَدِى, meaning I sought, or demanded, of the woman that she should suckle my child: (IB:) accord. to some, the verb is doubly trans.: accord. to others, the prep. لِ is suppressed in the Kur; the meaning being لِأَوْلَادِكُمْ. (El-Howfee, in the “ Burhán fee tefseer-el-Kur-án. ”) رِضْعٌ A kind of trees upon which camels feed. (O, K.) رَضَعٌ The young ones [or suckers] of palmtrees; (IAar, K;) as also رَصَعٌ, (K,) accord. to Lth and IDrd and the S; (TA in art. رصع;) or the latter, accord. to Az, is a mistranscription: (K * and TA in that art.:) n. un. with ة. (TA.) A2: (tropical:) Meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness; a subst. from رَضُعَ; as also ↓ رَضِعٌ. (K.) رَضِعٌ: see رَاضِعٌ, in two places: A2: : and see رَضَعٌ.

رَضِيعٌ A foster-brother; syn. ↓ مُرَاضَعٌ: pl. رُضَعَآءُ (TA.) You say, هٰذَا رَضِيعِى, (S, Msb, * K, *) i. e. هٰذَا أَخِى مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ [This is my foster-brother]. (S, K. *) b2: [A child while it is a suckling;] a child before it is termed فَطِيمٌ [i. e. weaned]. (IAar, TA in art. طبخ. [See also رَاضَعٌ.]) [In explanations of the words وَطْبٌ and شَكْوَةٌ in the S, it is applied as an epithet to a kid, evidently as meaning Sucking; or a suckling; like رَاضِعٌ, q. v., and رَضِعٌ.] b3: See two other significations, voce رَاضَغٌ, in two places.

رَضَاعَةٌ, said in the K to be an inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses explained in this art., is, accord. to IAth, a simple subst. (TA.) b2: [It is a regular inf. n. of رَضُعَ, q. v.]

A2: الرَّضَاعَةُ also signifies (tropical:) The [west wind, or westerly wind, called] دَبُور: or a wind between that and the [south wind, or southerly wind, called] جَنُوب: (IDrd, K, TA:) because, when it blows upon the milch-camels abounding with milk, their milk becomes little in quantity. (IDrd, TA.) رِضَاعَةٌ, said in the K to be an inf. n. of 1 in the first of the senses expl. in this art., is, accord. to IAth, a simple subst. (TA.) b2: [It is also said, in the Msb, to be an inf. n. of رَاضَعَهُ, q. v.]

رَضُوعَةٌ A female that suckles her young: (TA:) or a ewe or she-goat that suckles, or that has a young one which she suckles. (AO, S, K.) رَضَّاعٌ: see the next paragraph.

رَاضَعٌ Sucking the breast of his mother; a suckling; as also ↓ رَضِعٌ: pl. of the former رُضَّعٌ; and of the latter; رُضُعٌ. (K. [See also رَضِيعٌ, which signifies the same; as is shown below, voce مُرْضِعٌ; and by Bd in xxii. 2; &c.]) b2: One who sucks from the teat of the she-camel, fearing lest, if he milked, any one should know of his doing so, and demand of him somewhat: (Msb:) or a pastor who does not take with him a milkingvessel, and, when he is asked for milk, excuses himself on that ground, (K, TA,) and, when he desires to drink, sucks the teat of his milchbeast: (TA:) pl. رُضَّعٌ. (Msb.) The phrase لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ [i. e. Mean, sordid, or ignoble; who sucks the teats of his she-camels, &c.,] originated, (S, K,) as they assert, (S,) from a certain man's sucking the teats of his she-camels (S, K) or ewes or she-goats, and not milking them, (S,) lest the sound of his milking should be heard and somewhat should be demanded of him: (S, K:) or the origin was the coming of a guest by night to a certain man of the Amalekites, whereupon the latter sucked the udder of his ewe, lest the guest should hear the sound of the streaming of the milk from the teat. (IDrd.) But when a single epithet is used, one says ↓ رَضِيعٌ. (Msb. [See, however, what follows.]) b3: [Hence,] (tropical:) Mean, sordid, or ignoble; (K, TA;) as also ↓ رَضِيعٌ and ↓ رَضَّاعٌ: pl. رُضَّعٌ and رُضَّاعٌ: (K:) and رَضِعُونَ, as a pl., [i. e. pl. of ↓ رَضِعٌ,] has the same signification, of mean, &c. (TA.) It is said in a trad. of Selemeh Ibn-El-Akwa', اليُوْمَ يُوْمُ الرُّضَّعِ, meaning (tropical:) To-day is the day of the destruction of the mean, &c. (TA.) b4: Also (tropical:) Mean, sordid, or ignoble, who has sucked meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness, from the breast of his mother; (ElYemámee, K, TA;) i. e. born in meanness, sordidness, or ignobleness. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) A beggar: (TA:) one who begs of men: (K:) thus Ibn-'Abbád explains لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ. (TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) One who eats the particles of food remaining between his teeth, lest anything [thereof] should escape him: (K:) or such is termed لَئِيمٌ رَاضِعٌ. (TA.) A2: A possessor of milk: after the usual manner of a possessive epithet [like لَابِنٌ]. (TA.) رَاضِعَةٌ A central incisor when it falls out: (Msb:) or the رَاضِعَتَانِ are the two central incisors (S, Msb, K, TA) of a child, (S K, TA,) over which the milk is drunk [or sucked]: (Msb, TA:) pl. رَوَاضَعُ: (S, Msb, K:) or the رَوَاضِع are the teeth of a child that grow and then fall out in the period of sucking; (Msb, * TA;) and they are said to be six in the upper part of the mouth and six in its lower part: (TA:) [the pl. is applied to all the milk-teeth of a child, and of a horse &c.; it applies to the teeth called رَبَاعِيَات that fall out, as well as to the ثَنَايَا, or central incisors, accord. to AO, in a passage relating to a colt, in his كتاب الخيل quoted in the TA in art. حفر; and to the teeth called قَوَارِح that fall out, accord. to a passage in the S, voce أَحْفَرَ, q. v., as well as the extract from the work of AO mentioned above, and in this case likewise relating to a colt.]

مَرْضَعٌ The breast, as being the place of sucking: pl. مَرَاضِعُ. (Ksh and Bd in xxviii. 11.) b2: and [as an inf. n.] The act of sucking the breast: pi. as above. (Ksh and Bd ibid.) مُرْضَعٌ Suckled: pl. مَرَاضَعُ; which is opposed to فُطُمٌ, pl. of فَطِيمٌ. (Mgh.) مُرْضِعٌ and مُرْضَعَةٌ A mother [or other woman] suckling: (Msb:) or one having with her a child which she suckles: the former epithet may with reason be applied to the mother because suckling is performed only by females, like as the epithets حَائِضٌ and طَامِثٌ are applied to a woman; and if مُرْضَعَةٌ were applied to her who has with her a child, it would be correct: (Fr, TA:) [but see another saying ascribed to Fr in what follows:] or the former, a woman having a child which she suckles; (Kh, S, IB, K;) after the manner of a possessive epithet; (IB;) i. e. having a رَضِيع; (Kh, IB;) like اِمْرَأَةٌ مُطْفِلٌ “ a woman having a طِفْل; ” (Kh;) or ظَبْيَةٌ مُشْدِنٌ “ a doe-gazelle having a شَادِن; ” though مُرْضِعٌ has a verb bearing a signification agreeing with this; and it sometimes occurs as meaning having milk, though not having a child that is suckled: (IB:) but the latter is used in describing a woman as performing an action; (Kh;) signifying suckling a child: (S, K:) the former is used when the [abstract] quality is meant: the latter, when the action is meant: but God knows: (Akh:) or the former signifies one who is near to suckling, but has not yet suckled: and one having with her the child that is suckled [by her] (الصَّبِىُّ الرَّضِيعُ): and the latter, [in the TA the former, but this is a mistranscription, as is shown by what follows,] one who is suckling, her teat being in the mouth of her child; and in this sense it is used in the Kur, in a passage which see below: (Az in the TA:) Th says, the latter signifies one who suckles, though she have not a child, or if she have a child: and the former, one who has not a child with her, and sometimes having with her a child: and in one place he says, when the action is meant, the latter is used, and it is made an epithet: and when the ة is not added, it is meant as a subst: (TA:) Fr and some others say that it is without ة when the proper signification of suckling is meant: and with ة when the tropical signification of a subject of the attribute of suckling in time past or future is meant: (Msb:) the pl. [of both, though said in the Mgh and TA to be that of the former,] is مَرَاضِعُ (Mgh, Msb, TA) and مَرَاضِيعُ. (Msb, TA.) The saying in the Kur [xxii. 2], يَوْمَ تَرَوْنَهَا تَذْهَلُ كُلُّ مُرْضِعَةٍ عَمَّا

أَرْضَعَتْ means [On the day when ye shall see it,] every woman that is suckling;, (Az, Kh,) in the act of doing so, (Kh,) with her teat in the mouth of her child; (Az,) [shall neglect, or become heedless of or diverted from, that which she shall have been suckling:] or مرضعة here has the last signification explained in the preceding sentence [so that the meaning is every woman who shall have been suckling or shall be going to suckle]. (Msb.) b2: It is said in a trad., نِعْمَتِ المُرْضِعَةُ وَبِئْسَتِ الفَاطِمَةُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Excellent in the office of commander, or governor, and the profit, or advantage, which it brings to its possessor; and very evil is death, which destroys his delights, or pleasures, and stops the profits, or advantages, of that office. (TA.) b3: The pl. مَرَاضِيعُ is metaphorically applied as an epithet to bees (جَوَارِس, i. e. نَحْل). (TA.) مُرَاضَعٌ: see رَضِيعٌ. b2: Also An unborn child of a woman who is suckling another child: such a child proves to be meagre in body, slender in the bones, and ill nourished. (En-Nadr, Sgh.) مُسْتَرْضَعٌ [for مُسْتَرْضَعٌ لَهُ, agreeably with an opinion mentioned by El-Howfee, (see 10,) One for whom a wet-nurse has been sought, or demanded]. You say, فُلَانٌ المُسْتَرْضَعُ فِى بَنِى تَمِيمٍ [Such a one is he for whom a wet-nurse has been sought, or demanded, among the Benoo-Temeem]. (TA.)

ر

أف1 رَؤُفَ بِهِ, (Az, T, S, M, O, K,) aor. ـُ (Az, T, S, O;) and رَأَفَ, (Az, T, S, M, K,) aor. ـَ (Az, T, S;) and رَئِفَ; (Az, S, M, O, K;) inf. n. رَأْفَةٌ and رَآفَةٌ (Az, T, S, M, O, K) and رَأَفٌ (Az, S, K) and رَأْفٌ, (O,) the first and second being inf. ns. of رَؤُفَ, [or the first is of رَأَفَ,] and the third being inf. n. of رَئِفَ, (Az, S, O,) and the fourth being of رَأَفَ; (O;) said of God, (K,) and of a man; (Az, T, S;) [He pitied, or compassionated, him: or he pitied him, or compassionated him, tenderly; or in the utmost degree; or most tenderly: for] رَأَفْةٌ is syn. with رَحْمَةٌ: (Fr, T, M, K: *) or it denotes a more special and more tender affection than رَحْمَةٌ; (T;) or the utmost degree thereof; (S, K;) or the most tender thereof: (K:) and رَافَ [in the CK رَأَفَ, as before, and in Freytag's Lex. رَاءَفَ,] and رَاوَفَ signify the same: (K:) [the right reading here appears to be رَافَ; (for it is said in the K in art. روف that رَافَ, aor. ـَ is a dial. var. of رَأَفَ, aor. ـْ and رَاوَفَ is-doubtful; (for it is not there mentioned;)] or رَافَ, inf. n. رَوْفٌ, signifies سَكَنَ [he, or it, was, or became, still, &c.]; and رَأَفَ is a dial. var. thereof [signifying thus]; and is not from رَؤُوفٌ syn. with رَحِيمٌ. (M in art. روف.) رَأْفٌ (M, O, K) and ↓ رَائِفٌ and ↓ رَئِفٌ (K) and ↓ رَؤُوفٌ [which is the most common of all] and ↓ رَؤُفٌ (T, S, M, O, K) are epithets from the verbs above: (T, S, M, K:) [the first from رَؤُفَ, like ضَخْمٌ from ضَخُمٌ; the second from رَأَفَ; and the third from رَئِفَ; signifying Exercising, or having, the affection termed رَأْفَة, i. e. pity, or compassion; &c.; pitying, or compassionating; &c.; or pitiful, or compassionate; &c.: the fourth and fifth having an intensive signification; very pitiful or compassionate, &c.: or] the first and fourth and fifth all signify the same, i. q. رَحيمٌ: (K:) [and ↓ أَرْأَفِىٌّ has a similar (most probably an intensive) signification; as appears from what here follows:] in the saying [of a poet], وَ كَانَ ذُو العَرْشِ بِنَا أَرَافِى

[app. meaning And the Lord of the empyrean was, or is, to us, very merciful], by the last word is meant أَرْأَفِيًّا, [أَرْأَفِىٌّ being] like أَحْمَرِىٌّ [and أَرْيَحِىٌّ, q. v.]. (M.) A2: رَأْفٌ also signifies Wine; (O, K;) and رَافٌ is a dial. var. thereof. (TA in art. روف.) رَؤُفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَئِفٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَؤُوفٌ: see رَأْفٌ. b2: الرَّؤُوفٌ is one of the epithets applied to God; meaning الرَّحِيمٌ [The Merciful: or rather it has an intensive signification, i. e. The Very Merciful]. (T.) رَائِفٌ: see رَأْفٌ.

أَرْأَفِىٌّ: see رَأْفٌ.

[This art. is wanting in the copies of the Land TA to which I have had access.]

رفق

1 رَفَقَ, (S, O, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. رِفْقٌ (S, * O, Mgh, * Msb, * K) and مَرْفِقٌ and مِرْفَقٌ (Az, O, K,) and مَرْفَقٌ; (O, K;) and رَفِقَ, (JK, O, K,) [aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفَقٌ; (JK;) and رَفُقَ; (JK, O, K;) He was, or became, gentle, soft, tender, gracious, courteous, or civil; or he be haved, or acted, gently, softly, &c. (JK, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, رَفَقَ بِهِ, (Az, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K,) and عَلَيْهِ, (Az, O, K,) inf. ns. as above; (O, K;) and رَفِقَ, and رَفُقَ; (K;) He was, or became, gentle, &c., or he behaved, or acted, gently, &c., with him, (Az, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K,) and to him; (Az, O, K;) and in like manner, بِهِ ↓ ترفّق, (S, O, Mgh, K,) and ↓ ارفقهُ. (Az, O, K.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, مَنْ رَفَقَ بِأُمَّتِى رَفَقَ اللّٰهُ بِهِ [He who is gentle, &c., with my people, God will be gentle, &c., with him]. (O.) [Hence, also,] one says, ↓ ترفّق فِى أَمْرِهِ [and رَفَقَ فِيهِ as is indicated in the O] He used gentleness, or acted gently, in his affair; syn. تَأَتَّى. (Msb in art. اتى.) And لِحَاجَتِهِ ↓ ترفّق He applied himself with gentleness to his needful affair or business; syn. تَأَتَّى. (T in art. اتى.) And لِلْأَمْرِ ↓ ترفّق He applied himself with gentle ness to the affair; syn. تَلَطَّفَ. (S in art. لطف.) b2: Hence, رَفُقَ, in form like فَرُبَ, He was, or became, gentle, delicate, nice, neat, or skilful, in work or operation; the contr. of such as is termed أَخْرَق. (Msb.) b3: And رَفَقْتُ العَمَلَ, with fet-h to the ف, aor. ـُ I did, or made, the deed, or work, soundly, thoroughly, skilfully, judiciously, or well. (Msb.) b4: And رَفَقْتُ فِى السَّيْرِ I pro ceeded in a right, or a moderate, manner in journeying, or in pace. (Msb.) A2: See also 4.

A3: رَفَاقَةٌ is an inf. n. signifying The being a رَفَيق. (O, K.) Fr says, I heard a man at 'Arafát saying [to the pilgrims there assembled], جَعَلَكُمُ اللّٰهٌ فِى رَفَاقَةِ مُحَمَّدٍ صَلَّى اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ [May God make you to be in the companionship of Mohammad: may God bless and save him]. (O.) [And accord. to the TK, one says, رَفُقَ بِهِ, inf. n. رَفَاقَةٌ, meaning He became a رَفِيق with him: but what is commonly said in this sense is رَافقَهُ, q. v.]

A4: رَفَقَ فُلَانًا, He struck the مِرْفَق [or elbow] of such a one. (K.) b2: And رَفَقَ النَّاقَةَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. رَفْقٌ, (S, O,) He bound the she-camel's arm [app. together with the shank (for such is the common practice)], (S, O, K,) to prevent her going quickly, (S, O,) when fearing her yearning towards, or longing for, her home, or accustomed place: (S, O, K:) [or] رَفَقَ البَعِيرَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. رَفْقٌ, he bound the camel's neck (عُنُق [probably, I think, a mistranscription for عَضُد i. e. arm,]) to his pastern, because of a slight lameness therein. (JK.) A5: رَفِقَ said of a camel, aor. ـَ inf. n. رَفَقٌ, He had his elbow dis torted from his side. (TA and TK. [See رَفَقٌ below, and أَرْفَقُ: and see also دَفِقَ.]) b2: [and رَفِقَتْ, inf. n.رَفَقٌ, is probably said of a she-camel, as meaning She had, in her teat, or teats, what is termed رَفَقٌ: see, again, this word below.]2 تَرْفِيقٌ [as the inf. n. of the verb in the phrase رُفِّقَتِ الشَّاةُ, if this verb have been used, means A sheep's, or goat's having the fore legs white to the elbows; for it] is from شَاةٌ مُرَفَّقَةٌ, explained below. (O.) 3 رافقهُ He was, or became, his رَفِيق, or travelling-companion; he accompanied him in a journey; (S, O, Msb, K;) inf. n. مُرَافَقَةٌ (TK) and رِفَاقٌ. (TA.) b2: And this latter inf. n. also signifies The being hypocritical, or acting hypocritically. (TA. [See also 3 in art. رمق.]) 4 ارفقهُ: see 1, second sentence. b2: Also He profited him, or was useful to him; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ رَفَقَهُ. (K.) b3: [And in the present day, it means He associated him بِغَيْرِهِ with another or others.]5 تَرَفَّقَ see 1, in four places.6 ترافقوا They were, or became, travellingcompanions; they travelled, or journeyed, together; as also ↓ ارتفقوا: (JK:) and ترافقا they two were, or became, travelling-companions; &c.: (K:) and ترافقنا فِى السَّفَرِ we were, or became, companions in travelling, or journeying. (S, O.) 8 ارتفق i. q. طلب رفقا [i. e. طَلَبَ رِفْقًا] and استعان [both meaning He sought, or demanded, aid, or help]. (Har p. 395. [See also 10.]) b2: And hence, (Har ibid.,) ارتفق بِهِ He profited, or gained advantage or benefit, by him, or it, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) namely, a thing. (Msb.) [This phrase is also often used as meaning He made use of it; namely, a garment, and an implement, &c.]

b3: See also 6.

A2: Also He leaned upon the مِرْفَق of his arm [i. e. upon his elbow]: (O, Msb, * K:) or upon the pillow [called مِرْفَقَة]. (K.) A3: and It was, or became, full, or filled. (K.) 10 استرفقهُ He sought, or demanded, his profiting him, or being useful to him. (TA.) Q. Q. 2 تَمَرْفَقَ He took a مِرْفَقَة, i. e. pillow [upon which to lean with his elbow]. (S.) رِفْقٌ an inf. n. of رَفَقَ; (O, K;) Gentleness, softness, tenderness, graciousness, courteousness, or civility; contr. of عُنْفٌ; (S, O, Mgh, Msb;) i. q. لُطْفٌ, and حُسْنُ صَنِيعٍ, (IDrd, O, K,) or لِينُ جَانِبٍ and لَطَافَةُ فِعْلٍ; and so ↓ رَفَقٌ; (JK;) and ↓ رَافِقَةٌ likewise; whence the phrase أَوْلَى

فُلَانًا رَافِقَةً [He treated such a one with gentleness, &c.]. (JK, IDrd, O.) It is also explained as meaning Good submission to that which conduces to what is comely, or pleasing. (TA.) b2: and Gentleness, delicacy, nicety, neatness, or skilfulness, in work or operation; contr. of خُرْقٌ. (Mgh.) b3: Also A thing by means of which one seeks help or assistance. (K.) See also مِرْفَقٌ.

رَفَقٌ inf. n. of رَفِقَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

A2: [Also Easy of attainment.] Yousay مَرْتَعٌ رَفَقٌ [A place of pasturing, or of unrestrained and plentiful pasturing,] easy to be sought [and attained]. (S, O.) And مَآءٌ رَفَقٌ Water that is easy (JK, S, O, K) to be sought (JK, S, O) and taken: (JK:) or of which the well-rope is short. (K.) And حَاجَةٌ رَفَقُ البِغْيَةِ An object of want that is easy [to be sought and attained]. (O, K.) A3: Also A distortion of the elbow of a camel from the side. (Lth, S, O, K. [Said to be the inf. n. of رَفِقَ, q. v.]) b2: And A stoppage of the orifice of the teat, (K,) or of the orifices of the teats, (O,) of a she-camel: (O, K:) so says Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh: (O:) or a disorder in the orifice of the teat, in consequence of being badly milked, or of the milker's not shaking the teat to remove what remained in it, so that the milk reverts into the udder, and turns to blood, or becomes coagulated and mixed with yellow water. (K. [Perhaps in this sense, also, an inf. n.: see 1, last sentence.]) A4: See also رُفْقَةٌ.

رَفْقَةٌ: see what next follows.

رُفْقَةٌ, (JK, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K,) in the dial. of Temeem, (Msb,) and ↓ رِفْقَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) in the dial. of Keys, (Msb,) and ↓ رَفْقَةٌ, and on the authority of Ibn-Tal-hah ↓ رُفَاقَةٌ, (K, [in which this last is said to be like ثُمَامَةُ, to indicate that it is with damm to the ر, but not (as will be shown below, voce رَفِيقٌ,) that it is without tenween, imperfectly decl., and determinate like الرُّفْقَةُ,]) Persons travelling, or journeying, together; (Mgh;) a company of persons [travelling, or journeying, or] with whom one is travelling, or journeying; but not when they have separated: (S, O, Msb, K:) or persons with whom one travels, or journeys, as long as they are congregated in one place of assembly, and in one journey; but not when they have separated: (JK:) pl. [of mult.] رِفَاقٌ, (S, O, Mgh, Msb, K,) which is pl. of رُفْقَةٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) and رُفَقٌ, [which is also pl. of رُفْقَةٌ,] and [of pauc.] أَرْفَاقٌ; (O, K;) and the pl. of رِفْقَةٌ is رِفَقٌ: (Msb:) or رُفْقَةٌ is a quasi-pl. n. of ↓ رَفِيقٌ, or syn. with this last used in a pl. sense; and its pl. is رِفَقٌ and رُفَقٌ and [quasi-pl. n.] ↓ رَفَقٌ. (K.) [Golius explains the first and second and third, as on the authority of the KL, by the words “ consortium, societas: ”

but in my copy of the KL, I find only the first and second; and these are explained only by the words گروه همراهان, agreeably with the renderings which I have given above.] b2: The pl. رِفَاقٌ also signifies Camels upon which people have gone forth to purvey for themselves wheat, or corn, or other provisions from the towns or villages; each, or every, company being termed a رُفْقَة. (TA voce رَطَانَةٌ.) رِفْقَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

رَفِقَةٌ as an epithet applied to a she-camel: see أَرْفَقُ.

رِفَاقٌ The cord that is used for the purpose described in the explanation of رَفَقَ النَّاقَةَ, (S, O, K,) or in the explanation of رَفَقَ البَعِيرَ. (JK.) [See 1, in the latter part of the paragraph.] So in the saying of Bishr, (S,) i. e. of Bishr Ibn-Abee- Házim, (O,) فَإِنِّى وَالشَّكَاةَ مِنَ الِ لَأْىٍ

كَذَاتِ الضِغْنِ تَمْشِى فِى الرِّفَاقِ (O,) or وَآلَ لَامٍ, (S, O,) accord. to different readings: (O:) [i. e. And verily I, with respect to the fault, or the complaint, of the family of Läy, or and the family of Lám, am like her that yearns towards, or longs for, her home, or accustomed place, going along with her arm and shank in the رفاق]: he says, I am withheld from satirizing them, like as this she-camel that yearns towards, or longs for, her home, or accustomed place, is bound and withheld; but if they do not what I approve, I will let loose my tongue with satirizing them. (O.) b2: Also A thing in form like a finger, made for the teat of a she-camel when she is affected with the [disorder termed]

رَفَق: it is stuffed with dates, and then the صِرَار [q. v.] is bound over it, in order that it [the teat] may be cured. (JK.) رَفِيقٌ Gentle, soft, tender, gracious, courteous, or civil; (JK, Msb;) as also ↓ رَافِقٌ. (JK.) b2: And hence, (Msb,) Gentle, delicate, nice, neat, or skilful, in work or operation; contr. of أَخْرَقُ. (S, O, Msb, K.) b3: [Hence, also,] هٰذَا الأَمْرُ رَفِيقٌ بِكَ and بِكَ ↓ رَافِقٌ and رَافِقٌ عَلَيْكَ (assumed tropical:) [This affair, or thing, is easy, or convenient, to thee: see أَرْفَقُ]. (O.) A2: Also A companion (JK, S, O, Msb, K) and companions (JK, S, O, K) in travel-ling, or journeying, and afterwards: (Kh, S, O, Msb, K:) used as sing. and pl., (JK, S, O, K,) like صَدِيقٌ (S, O) and خَلِيطٌ: (O:) pl. رُفَقَآءُ; (JK, S, O, K;) with which ↓ رُفَاقَةٌ is syn., as in the phrase فِتْيَةٌ رُفَاقَةٌ [Young men companions &c.]. (JK.) See also رُفْقَةٌ. It is said in the Kur [iv. 71], وَحَسُنَ أُولَائِكَ رَفِيقًا, (JK, S, O,) meaning رُفَقَآءَ [i. e. And good, or very good, will be those as companions after the journey of life] in Paradise! (JK.) And Mohammad is related by 'Áïsheh to have said, [just before his death,] when he had been given his choice between continuance in the present world and what was with God, and had chosen the latter, بَلِ الرَّفِيقَ الأَعْلَى مِنَ الجَنَّةِ [Nay, rather, the highest companions of Paradise]; meaning, I desire the company, or congregation, of the prophets. (O.) رُفَاقَةٌ: see رُفْقَةٌ and رَفِيقٌ.

رَافِقٌ: see رَفِيقٌ, in two places.

رَافِقَةٌ: see رِفْقٌ.

أَرْفَقُ [compar. and superl. of رَفِيقٌ; meaning More, and most, gentle, &c.] b2: [Hence,] one says, هٰذَا الأَمْرُ أَرْفَقُ بِكَ [and عَلَيْكَ] (assumed tropical:) This affair, or thing, is more, or most, easy, or convenient, to thee. (TA in art. عود.) [See also an instance voce مَحْنِيَةٌ (in art. حنو), last sentence.]

A2: Also, applied to a camel, Having the elbow (المِرْفَق) distorted from the side: (JK, S, O, K:) so says Lth: (O:) and so the fem. رَفْقَآءُ, applied to a she-camel: (JK, S:) but Az says that the epithet preserved by him in his memory as heard from the Arabs applied to a camel is أَدْفَقُ, with دال. (O.) b2: Accord. to As, (O,) رَفْقَآءُ applied to a she-camel signifies Having the orifice of her teat stopped up; (O, K;) and so ↓ رَفِقَةٌ: (K:) the latter is said by Zeyd Ibn-Kuthweh to signify, so applied, having the orifices of her teats stopped up. (O.) مَرْفَقٌ: see مِرْفَقٌ, in two places.

مَرْفِقٌ: see what next follows, in three places.

مِرْفَقٌ and ↓ مَرْفِقٌ inf. ns. of رَفَقَ, (Az, O, K,) of which ↓ مَرْفَقٌ also is an inf. n. (O, K.) b2: Also A thing by which one profits, or gains advantage or benefit. (S, O, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [xviii. 15], وَيُهَيِّئُ لَكُمْ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ مِرْفَقًا or ↓ مَرْفِقًا, accord. to different readers, [i. e. And He will prepare for you a condition of your case by which ye shall profit], but no one reads ↓ مَرْفَقًا, (S, O,) which, however, is allowable, meaning ↓ رِفْقًا. (S. [See رِفْقٌ, last sentence.]) The pl. is مَرَافِقُ. (Msb.) b3: [Hence,] مَرَافِقُ الدَّارِ Such appertenances [or conveniences] of the house as the privy and the kitchen and the like: (Mgh, Msb:) or the sinks, and the like, of the house: (S, O, K:) and particularly privies: (O:) when used in these senses, the sing. is مِرْفَقٌ only, with kesr to the م and fet-h to the ف, (Mgh, Msb,) likened to the noun signifying an instrument. (Msb.) [See also حَيِّزٌ, in art. حوز.] b4: And from the same words in the sense expl. in the second sentence above, (Msb,) مِرْفَقٌ and ↓ مَرْفِقٌ signify also The elbow, or elbow-joint; the place where the ذِرَاع joins upon the عَضُد; (S, O, K;) [in other words,] the place where the عَضُد is connected with the سَاعِد; (Mgh;) the مرفق of a man: (Msb:) [and in like manner in a beast, the elbow, or elbowjoint, as in the JK, S, O, and K, voce أَرْفَقُ; and in countless other instances: but in the K voce رُكْبَةٌ (q. v.), it seems to be applied to the knee of a beast:] pl. as above. (Msb.) مِرْفَقَةٌ A pillow (S, O, Mgh, K) upon which one leans [with the elbow]: from مِرْفَقٌ in the sense explained in the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph. (Mgh.) شَاةٌ مُرَفَّقَةٌ A sheep, or goat, having the fore legs white to the elbows. (O, K.) مِرْفَاقٌ A camel whose elbow hurts (يُصِيبُ) his side. (O, K.) b2: And A she-camel that is hurt by the صِرَار [q. v.] when her udder is bound therewith, and from whom blood issues (JK, O, K) when she is loosed [therefrom] (إِذَا حُلَّتْ), (JK,) or when she is milked (اذا حُلِبَتْ). (O, K.) مَرْفُوقٌ A camel having a complaint of his مِرْفَق [or elbow]. (IDrd, O, K.) مُرْتَفَقٌ A place, or thing, upon which one leans [properly with the مِرْفَق, or elbow]. (Bd in xviii.28 and 30.) مُرْتَفِقٌ Leaning upon his elbow. (S, O.) A2: Also Full, standing, and continuing, or remaining: (O, K:) or nearly full: so explained by IAar as occurring in the following verse of 'Obeyd Ibn-El-Abras, (O,) describing rain that had filled the low tracts of ground: (TA in art. صوح:) فَأَصْبَحَ الرَّوْضُ وَالقِيعَانُ مُمْرِعَةً

مِنْ بَيْنِ مُرْتَفِقٍ مِنْهَا وَمُنْصَاحِ [And the meadows, and the plain, or soft, low tracts, became abundant with herbage, partly by what was full, &c., in consequence thereof, and partly by what was flowing, running upon the surface of the ground]: (O:) or, as some relate it, مُتْرَعَةً [i. e. “ filled ”]; and مُرْتَتِقٍ, which means herbage “ of which the blossoms have not yet come forth from their calyxes; ” and مُنْصَاح [accord. to this reading] meaning herbage “ of which the blossoms have appeared: ” (TA in art. صوح:) [or, accord. to the reading مُرْتَتِقٍ, the meaning may be, “partly such as were compact thereof,” i. e. of the meadows &c., “and partly such as were cracked ” by the heat and drought:] another reading is مِنْ بَيْنِ مُرْتَفِقٍ مِنْهَا وَمِنْ طَاحِى

من طاحى meaning “ of what was flowing and going away. ” (TA ubi suprà.) [Nearly the whole of this art. is wanting in the copies of the TA to which I have had access.]