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زأجل

Entries on زأجل in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab

زأجل: الفراء: الزِّئْجِيل الــضعيف البدن، مهموز، وهو الزُّؤَاجِل، ويقال

الزِّنْجِيل، بالنون؛ قال ابن بري: وكذلك قال الأُموي بالنون، وهو الذي

يختاره عليّ بن حمزة؛ قال أَبو عبيد: والذي قاله الفراء هو المحفوظ

عندنا؛ قال الراجز:

لَمَّا رأَت زُوَيْجَها زِئْجِيلا،

طَفَيْشَأَ لا يَمْلك الفَصِيلا،

قالت له مقالة تفصيلا:

ليتك كنت حَيْضةً تَمْصِيلا

أَي يَمْصُل دَمُها ويَقْطُر، والطَّفَيْشَأُ الــضعيف. قال الجوهري: ولست

أَرويه وإِنما نقلته من كتاب. قال ابن بري: المعروف طَفَنْشَأ، بالنون،

وقال ابن خالويه: الطَّفَنْشَأُ الرِّخْو الفَسْل، والزَّأْجَل، بفتح

الجيم، يهمز ولا يهمز ماء الفحل، وسنذكره في زجل.

كَهَّ 

Entries on كَهَّ  in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lugha
(كَهَّ) الْكَافُ وَالْهَاءُ لَيْسَ فِيهِ مِنَ اللُّغَةِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا مَا يُشْبِهُ الْحِكَايَةَ، يُقَالُ كَهَّ السَّكْرَانُ، إِذَا اسْتَنْكَهْتَهُ فَكَهَّ فِي وَجْهِكَ. وَلَيْسَ هَذَا بِشَيْءٍ. وَيَقُولُونَ: كَهْكَهَ الْأَسَدُ فِي زَئِيرِهِ. ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ: الْكَهَكَاهُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ: الــضَّعِيفُ. وَيُنْشِدُونَ:

وَلَا كَهْكَاهَةٌ بَرَمٌ ... إِذَا مَا اشْتَدَّتِ الْحِقَبُ

وَلَا مَعْنَى عِنْدِي لِقَوْلِهِمْ إِنَّهُ الــضَّعِيفُ. وَهَذَا كَالتَّجَوُّزِ، وَإِنَّمَا يُرَادُ أَنَّهُ يَكُهُّ فِي وَجْهِ سَائِلِهِ. وَالْبَابُ كُلُّهُ وَاحِدٌ.

أريض

Entries on أريض in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Ghulām Thaʿlab, al-ʿAsharāt fī Gharīb al-Lugha
بَاب الأريض

أخبرنَا أَبُو عمر عَن ثَعْلَب عَن ابْن الْأَعرَابِي قَالَ الأريض الْموضع الْحسن النَّبَات والبريض المَاء الْقَلِيل والجريض خُرُوج النَّفس بتعب وتحرك الأنفاس والحريض اخْتلف النَّاس فِيهِ فَقَالَ ابْن الْأَعرَابِي هُوَ الْهَالِك وَقَالَ غَيره هُوَ الْفَاسِد من الْحَيَوَان وَالطَّعَام الَّذِي لَا ينْتَفع بِهِ والعريض التيس والغريض الطري من كل شَيْء الطَّعَام وَالشرَاب وَاللَّحم والغناء وَالْحَيَوَان وكل شَيْء قَالَ أَبُو الْعَبَّاس وَمِنْه سمي الْغَرِيض الْمُغنِي غريضا لِأَنَّهُ تغنى بغناء طيب طرى فَقيل لَهُ هَذَا غريض قَالَ أَبُو عبد الله بن خالويه سَأَلت أَبَا عمر عَن الإغريض فَقَالَ الطّلع الَّذِي يُؤْكَل وَالْبرد والغريض المشقوق من كل شَيْء والقريض قَول الشّعْر بأنواعه كلهَا والكريض مَاء الْفَحْل فِي رحم النَّاقة وَالْمَرِيض مَأْخُوذ من الْمَرَض وَالْمَرَض النُّقْصَان فِي كل شَيْء فِي الْقُوَّة والأجسام والأغراض وأنشدني ابْن الْأَعرَابِي لأبي حَيَّة النميري

(وَلَيْلَة مَرضت من كل نَاحيَة ... فَلَا يضيء لَهَا نجم وَلَا قمر) بسيط

أَي نقص ضوءها وَكَذَلِكَ الْمَرَض فِي الْقلب من الْمُخَالفين لِلْإِسْلَامِ نقص الدّين وَهَكَذَا الْمَرَض فِي الْعين نقص فِي النّظر وَنقص فِي الْقُوَّة قَالَ ابْن خالويه ذكر أَبُو زيد ريح مَرِيضَة إِذا كَانَت ضَعِيفَــة الهبوب وَقَالَ ابْن خالويه سَأَلت أَبَا عمر عَن الرّيح الْمَرِيضَة إِذا كَانَت ضَعِيفَــة الهبوب أَمن هَذَا هُوَ فَقَالَ نعم وأنشدني الساري عَن الناشيء

(لَا شَيْء أعجب من جفنيه إنَّهُمَا ... لَا يُضعفَانِ القوى إِلَّا إِذا ضعفا) بسيط

ظل

Entries on ظل in 5 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Khalīl b. Aḥmad al-Farāhīdī, Kitāb al-ʿAin, Arabic-English Lexicon by Edward William Lane, Al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī, Kitāb al-Taʿrīfāt, and 2 more
الظل: ما نسخته الشمس، وهو من الطلوع إلى الزوال، وفي اصطلاح المشايخ: هو الوجود الإضافي الظاهر بتعينات الأعيان الممكنة وأحكامها التي هي معدومات ظهرت باسمه النور، الذي هو الوجود الخارجي المنسوب إليها، فبستر ظلمة عدميتها النور الظاهر بصورها، صار ظلًا لظهور الظل بالنور وعدميته في نفسه، قال الله تعالى: {أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى رَبِّكَ كَيْفَ مَدَّ الظِّلَّ} أي: بسط الوجود الإضافي على الممكنات.

الظل الأول: هو العقل الأول؛ لأنه أول عين ظهرت بنوره تعالى.

ظل الإله: هو الإنسان الكامل المتحقق بالحضرة الواحدية.
ظل: ظَلَّ يَظَلُّ: لا يُسْتَعْمَلُ إلاَّ لكُلِّ عَمَلٍ بالنَّهار، ورُبَّما جاء باللَّيْلِ في الشِّعْرِ نادِراً. وظَلِلْتُ وظِلْتُ وظَلْتُ، والمَصْدَرُ الظُّلُوْلُ، ويُقال: ظَلَلْتُ أيضاً.
والظِّلُّ: ضِدُّ الضِّحِّ، والجَمِيعُ الظِّلاَلُ والظُّلُوْلُ. وسَوَادُ اللَّيْلِ: ظِلٌّ. ومَكَانٌ ظَلِيْلٌ: دائمُ الظِّلِّ، وقد دامَتْ ظَلاَلَتُه. وكُلُّ مَوْضِعٍ يكونُ فيه الشَّمْسُ فزالَتْ عنه فهو: ظِلٌّ وفَيْءٌ.
والظِّلُّ الظَّلِيْلُ: الجَنَّةُ.
والظِّلُّ: الخَيَالُ يُرى من الجِنِّ وغَيْرِه.
والظِّلَّةُ: الظِّلاَلُ.
والظُّلَّةُ: ما سَتَرَكَ من فَوْقُ.
وثَوْبٌ لَيْسَ عليه ظِلٌّ: أي زِئْبِرٌ.
وهو في ظِلِّه: أي كَنَفِه.
ووَجْهُه كظِلِّ الحَجَرِ: أي أسْوَدُ.
وفي مَثَلٍ: " تَرَكَ الظَّبْيُ ظِلَّه " إذا نَفَرَ.
والظُّلَّةُ: كهيئة الصُّفَّةِ في التفسير.
والمَظَلَّةُ: البُرْطُلَّةُ. وما يُتَّخَذُ من خَشَبٍ يُسْتَظَلُّ به.
والظَّلِيْلَةُ: الرَّوْضَةُ.
والإِظْلاَلُ: الدُّنُوُّ، أظَلَّكَ فلانٌ: بمعنى دَنا كأنَّه ألْقى عليه ظِلَّه.
ومُلاَعِبُ ظِلِّه: طائِرٌ، ومُلاَعِبَا ظِلِّهما، ومُلاعِبَاتُ ظِلِّهِنَّ.
والأَظَلُّ: باطِنُ مَنْسِمِ البَعِيرِ، والجَميعُ الأَظْلاَلُ والظُّلُّ. وفي الإنسان: أُصُوْلُ بُطُوْنِ الأصابعِ مِمّايَلي صَدْرَ القَدَم.
والظَّلَلُ: الماءُ الذي يكونُ تَحْتَ الشَّجَرَةِ ولا تُصِيْبُه الشَّمْسُ. والظَّلِيْلَةُ: مُسْتَنْقَعُ ماءٍ قَلِيْلٍ في مَسِيْلٍ ونَحْوِه.
وكانَ ذلك في ظِلِّ الشَّبَابِ: أي أوَّلِه.
والظَّلاَلَةُ: غَيَايَةٌ من الطَّيْرِ أي جَمَاعَةٌ.

وظَلَّلْتُ بالسَّوْطِ: أي أشَرْتُ به تَخْوِيفاً.
وظَلاَلَةُ البَعِيْرِ: شَخْصُه.
والظَّلِيْلُ: الحَصِيْرُ من ظُهُوْرِ السَّعَفِ، وتُجْمَعُ أظِلَّةً.
واسْتَظَلَّتْ عَيْنُ النّاقَةِ: إذا غارَتْ، فهي مُسْتَظِلَّةٌ.
لظ: الإِلْظَاظُ: الإِلْحَاحُ على الشَّيْءِ، أَلَظَّ على الشَّيْءِ وألَظَّ به. ومنه المُلاَظَّةُ في الحَرْبِ.
ورَجُلٌ مِلْظَاظٌ مُلِظٌّ: شَدِيْدُ الإِيْلاَعِ بالشَّيْءِ. وفي الحَدِيث: " أَلِظُّوا بيا ذا الجَلاَلِ والإِكْرَام " أي داوِموا السُّؤالَ بها.
وهو مُلِظٌّ به: إذا رَأيْتَه يَطْرُدُه، واللَّظُّ: الطَّرْدُ، ومَرَّتِ الفُرْسَانُ تَلاَظُّ.
والإِلْظَاظُ: الطَّلَبُ باللِّسَانِ. والمِلْظَاظُ: المِلْحَاحُ. ورِسَالَةٌ مُلِظَّةٌ.
ورَجُلٌ لَظٌّ: عَسِرٌ مُتَشَدِّدٌ.
واللَّظْلَظَةُ: من قَوْلِكَ: الحَيَّةُ تُلَظْلِظُ: وهو تَحْرِيْكُ رَأْسِها من شِدَّةِ اغْتِيَاظِها.
وإنَّه لَحَدِيْدٌ لَظْلاَظٌ: أي عَسِرُ الخُلقِ.
والمِلَظُّ: الشَّدِيْدُ الطَّلَبِ المُلِحُّ على الشَّيْءِ.
وأَلَظَّ على كذا وبه: لَزِمَه.
باب الظاء واللام ظ ل، ل ظ يستعملان

ظل: [ظَلَّ فلانٌ نَهارَه صائماً، ولا تقول العرب: ظَلَّ يَظَلُّ اِلاّ لكل عَمَل بالنهار، كما لا يقولون: باتَ يَبيتُ إِلاّ باللَّيل، ومن العَرَب من يحذف لام ظَلِلتُ ونحوِها حيث يظهران] ، فأما أهل الحِجاز فيكسِرون الظاء على كسرة اللام التي أُلقِيَتْ، فيقولون ظِلْنا وظِلْتُم، والمصدر الظلول، [والأمر منه ظَلَّ واظلَلْ، وقال اللهُ- جلَّ وعَزّ-: ظَلْتَ عَلَيْهِ عاكِفاً وقرىء: ظِلْتَ عليه، فمَن فَتَحَ فالأصلُ فيه ظَلِلتَ عليه، ولكن اللامَّ حُذِفت لثِقَل التــضعيف والكسر، وبقيت الظاء على فتحها، ومن قَرَأ: ظِلْتَ، بالكسر، حَوَّلَ كسرةَ اللام على الظاء، وقد يجوز في غير المكسور نحو: هَمتُ، بذاكَ أي هَمَمْتُ، وأحَسْتُ تُريدُ أَحْسَسْتُ، وحَلتُ في بني فُلانٍ، بمعنى حَلَلْتُ وليس بقياس إنّما هي أحرف قليلة معدودة] . وتميم تقول: ظَلْتُ. وسَواد الليل يُسَمَّى ظِلاًّ، قال:

وكم هَجَعَتْ وما أطلقت عنها ... وكم دَلَجَتْ وظِلُّ اللَّيْلِ داني

ومكان ظليلٌ: دائِمُ الظِّلِّ دامَت ظِلالُه. والظُّلَّةُ كهَيئة الصُّفَّة، وعَذابُ يومِ الظُّلَّة، يقال: عذابُ يومِ الصُّفَّة، واللهُ أعلَم. والمِظَلَّة: البُرْطُلَّة، والظُّلَّة والمِظَلَّة سواء وهما ما يُستَظَلُّ به من الشمْس، ويقال: مظلة. والإِظْلالُ: الدُّنُوُّ، يقال: أظَلَّكَ فلانٌ، أي كأنَّه أَلْقَى عليكَ ظِلَّه من قُرْبه، [وأظَلَّ شَهرُ رمضانَ، أي دَنَا منكَ] . ويقال: لا يُجاوز ظِلّي ظِلَّكَ. ومُلاعِبُ ظله: طائر يُسَمَّى بذلك، وهُما مُلاعِبا ظِلِّهما ومُلاعباتُ ظِلِّهِنَّ في لغة، فإذا جَعَلتَه نكرةً أخرجْتَ الظِلَّ على العِدَّة فقلت: هُنَّ مُلاعبات [أَظْلالِهِنّ] . والأَظَلُّ: باطِن مَنْسِم البعير، والجميع الأظلال، قال:

تَشْكُو الوَجَى من أظَللٍ وأظلَلِ

أظهر التــضعيفــ، وإنَّما هو أظَلُّ، [وقال ذو الرُّمَّة:

دامي الأظل بعيد السأو مَهْيُومُ]

والظِّلُّ لون النَهار تغلِبُ عليه الشَّمْسُ. والظِّلُّ من الخيال سِترٌ من الجن. والمظلمة تُتَّخَذُ من الخَشَب يُسْتَظَلُّ بها. والظَّليلة: مُستَنقِعُ ماءٍ قليل في مَسيل، وينقطع السَّيْلُ ويبقى ذلك الماء فيه، قال رؤبة:

غادَرَهُنّ السيل في ظلائلا  لظ: الإِلظاظ: الإِلْحاحُ على الشيء، وألظ به، ومنه المُلاظَّةُ في الحَرْبِ. ورجل مِلْظاظ: مُلِظٌّ شديدُ الإيلاع بالشيء، مُلجٌّ، قال:

عَجِبتُ والدَّهْر له لَظيظُ

ويقال: رجلٌ كَظٌّ لَظٌّ، أي عَسِرٌ مُتَشدِّد. والتَّلَظْلُظُ واللَّظْلَظَةُ من قولك: حَيَّةٌ تَتَلَظلَظُ، وهو تحريكُ رأسِها من شِدَّةِ اغتياظِها. وحَيَّةٌ تَتَلَظَّى من خُبثها وتَوَقُّدِها، والحَرُّ يَتَلَظَّى كأنَّه يلتهب مثل النار، وسُمِّيَتِ النّارُ لَظىّ من لُزُوقها بالجلد، ويقال: اشتقِاقُه من الإِلظاظ، فأَدْخَلوا الياءَ كما أَدْخَلُوها على الظن فقالوا: تَظَنَّيتُ، وإِنَّما هو: تَظَنَّنْت،

وفي الحديث: ألظوا بيا ذا الجَلالِ والإِكرام

أي سَلِّمُوا بها وداوِمُوا عليها، أي على هذه الكلمة. [وأما قولهم في الحَرِّ: يَتَلَظَّى فكأنّه يَتَلَهَّبُ كالنّارِ من اللَّظَى] .
ظل: ظلَّ: مكث، لبث، بقي، دام، استمر، ويقال: ظل واقفاً: لبث واقفاً وظل على حاله: عني بصحبته، لم يشخ ويطعن في السن ولم يأسن ويتعفن (بوشر).
ظلَل: معناها الأصلي أظلّ، فيأ، وجعله في الظلّ.
ويقال مجازاً: ظلَّلَته مَسَرَّتُه (عباد 1: 66) مثل ما نقول: ارتسم السرور على وجهه.
ظَلَّل: جعله في الظلّ، خصص له مكاناً فيه ظلّ (معجم البلاذري).
ظَلَّل ب: غطاه من أعلاه ففي المقري (1: 380): مَسارح للطيور مظلَّلة بالشباك (مِطِيرة بناء كبير مخصص لتربية الطيور).
أظلَّله: دنا منه، صار قريباً منه (لين، فليشر في تعليقه على المقري 1: 660، بريشت ص216 معجم مسلم) وقد تغير معنى هذا الفعل فصار يدل على شيء أو وقت قد حان حينه.
ففي رحلة ابن بطوطة (1: 22) مثلاً: أظلني بتونس عيد الفطر، أي اقبل عيد الفطر وأنا بتونس،. وفيها (1: 26): أظلنا عيد الأضحى في بعض تلك المراحل أي اقبل علينا عيد الأضحى في بعض تلك المراحل. وفي ملّر (ص12): أظلتنا بها ليلة شتائية أي كنا في ليلة ممطرة. وفي معجم مسلم: أظلهم رعب أي استولى عليهم رعب.
ظَلّ؟: يقول ريشاردسون (مراكش 2: 30) ذَلّ تعني مِظلّة ولعلها تصحيف مَظلّ (انظر مَظَلّ) وعند بوسيبه ظلّيلة وهي لفظة مراكشية تعني مِظلَّة.
ظِلّ: وجمع الجمع أظَاليل (ديوان الاخطل ص8 ورايت).
ظل الشمْس: مِزُولة، ساعة شمسية (الكالا).
ظُلَّة: مدخنة الموقد (فوك، الكالا).
ظِلّي: هو نوع من الزبيب في سلجماسة وقد سمي بذلك لأنه يجفف في الظل (البكري ص148).
ظِلاَلة: نوع من الأخبية للوقاية من الشمس مثل مظلَّة (ابن جبير ص178، 187).
الظِلالات عند الصوفية عبارة عن الأسماء الإلهية (محيط المحيط).
ظِلاِليّ: ترجمة كلمة السريانية طالما (باين سميث 1470).
مظّل: خيمة كبيرة فسطاط. ففي المعجم اللاتيني- العربي ( tentorium فسطاط ومَظَلّ).
ويطلق على هذا الاسم على خيمة السلطان. فعند ابن القوطية (ص40 ق): ولم يُؤذَّن بالظُهْر إلا وقد اجتمع على باب المظل ثلاثون ألف رأس.
وفي حيان (ص72 ق) وأمر الأمير عبد الله بإنزال العسكر وإقامة المظل فاتفق من سوء الطيرة أن المظل لما قام عمود (عموده) وشُدَّ باطنابه اندقَّ العمود فخر المظل ثم أهوى إلى عمود فامتلخه وتقدّم به إلى المظل فعمده فاستوى على ساقه. كما يطلق هذا الاسم على خيمة ولد السلطان ففي حيان (ص90 ق) في كلامه عن عاصفة واقتلعت مظل الولد أبان وقبةّ القائد أحمد (والمظل في هذا الخبر مرداف قبة).
مَظْلّ وجمعه مظلات: عرزال وهو سقيفة من أغصان الأشجار تحمي من الشمس (الكالا).
وفي المعجم اللاتيني العربي ذكرت هذه الكلمة مقابل الكلمة اللاتينية umbraculum ولهذه الكلمة معنيان أحدهما هو هذه السقيفة والثاني مظلّة.
مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات: طابق دور (الكالا).
وهو يذكر لفظة مدل التي تعني عنده دائماً مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات في المادة اللاتينية Madera tinada de وأرى من الصعب معرفة المراد من هذه الكلمة. غير أني حين رجعت إلى معجم نبريجا، حيث رتبت فيه الكلمات نفس الترتيب في معجم الكالا، وجدت فيه: tina de madera وهو يترجم هذه بالكلمة اللاتينية contignation ( أي طابق، دور) وقد ذكر في القسم اللاتيني - الأسباني أن معنى الكلمة هو دور وطابق. وهذا ما تدل عليه كلمة مَظْلْ.
مَظَلّ: مظلة شمسية (هوست ص153، هلو).
مَظَلّ وجمعها مظلات: نوع من القبعات تعتمر لتحمي لابسها من الشمس (فوك) وقبعة من القش (دوماس عادات ص38) وقال دوماس (حياة العرب ص67): وهي لا تلبس الا في حمارَّة القيظ، وهي عالية جداً وذات حاشية عريضة جداً، وترى في الصحراء خاصة وهي مغطاة بريش النعام (انظر المادة التالية) مِظلّة (بفتح الميم وكسرها): البيت الذي يذكره لين والذي ينتهي بكلمة المظلي موجود في ديوان الهذليين (ص196 البيت 71).
مَظَلَّة: مثل ظُلْة التي اشتقت منها الكلمة الأسبانية تولدا، تولدا (انظر معجم الأسبانية ص351): جنفاص يمد على ساحة الدار والشارع والمحفة والزورق ليمحيها من الشمس أو من المطر (مختارات من تاريخ العرب ص452، 580، ابن جبير ص63) وفي رحلة ابن بطوطة (4: 290): واجتمعت بتلك الخليج من السفن طائفة كبيرة لهم القلاع الملونة ومظلات الحرير.
وقد ترجمها المترجم بالمعنى المألوف وهو شمسية لكن قارن هذا بما جاء في (4: 271) وهو: ويظللّون على المركب بثياب الخ ثم ان في مخطوطة السيد جاينجوس مظلّلات بدل مظلات.
مظلَّة: ظُلَّة في أعلى السرير (بوشر).
مظلّة: قبعة من خوص النخيل (بليسييه ص152) وقبعة عريضة الحاشية جداً تصنع من خوص الدوم وهي شجرة المقل (اسبينا مجلة الشرق والجزائر 13: 145، كاريت جغرافية ص228، يراكس مجلة الشرق والجزائر 5: 215).
وعند البربر الخوص التي يلبسها الأوربيون (برجون).
مظلَّة: خيمة حيث كانت سفينة نوح (بوشر). عيد المظلة: عيد العرازيل عند اليهود (بوشر، دي ساسي طرائف 1: 93) وفي محيط المحيط: عيد المظال مُظلَّل: ما تعلوه الظُلَّة (ابن البيطار 4: 390).
مظلّل بالجلال: يعلوه الجلال (بوشر).
مُظَلّل وتجمع على مُظللات: انظرها في مادة مُظلَّة.
مُظلّل: مظلة شمسية، (ابن بطوطة 2: 421) وفي مخطوطة جاينجوس مظلات بدل مظلاّت في المطبوع من الرحلة).

ظل

1 ظَلَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ظِلَالَةٌ: see 4.

A2: ظَلَّ, (T, M, Msb, K,) first Pers\. ظَلِلْتُ, (T, S, M, O, Msb, K,) [and accord. to SM ظَلَلْتُ also, for he says that] the verb is of the class of مَنَعَ as well as of the class of تَعِبَ, (TA,) and ظَلْتُ, (T, S, * M, O, K,) likened to لَسْتُ, (M, K, *) formed by rejecting the former ل in ظَلِلْتُ, (T, O,) and ظِلْتُ, which is [also] originally ظَلِلْتُ, (Sb, T, M, O, K,) formed by transferring to the ظ the vowel of the rejected ل, (Sb, T, M, O,) anomalously, (Sb, M,) the latter of the dial. of the people of El-Hijáz; (T;) aor. ـَ (S, * M, O, * Msb, K;) imperative اِظْلَلْ and ظَلْ (T) [and it is implied in the M voce قَرَّ that one says also اِظْلِلْ and ظِلْ, which indicates that the aor. is also يَظِلُّ, but this requires confirmation, which I have not anywhere found]; inf. n. ظُلُولٌ (T, S, M, O, Msb, K) and ظَلٌّ (M, K) and ظِلٌّ; (thus also in a copy of the M; [but this I think doubtful;]) accord. to Lth, (T,) or Kh, (Msb,) [i. e. accord. to the author of the 'Eyn,] is said only of a thing that is done in the day, or daytimes; (T, S, M, O, Msb;) like as بَاتَ, aor. ـِ is said only of a thing that is done in the night: (T:) it is an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, relating to a time in which is a shade from the sun, from morning to evening, or from sunrise to sunset: (Esh-Shiháb, TA:) one says, ظَلَّ فُلَانٌ نَهَارَهُ صَائِمًا [Such a one was during his day fasting; or he passed his day fasting]: (Lth, T:) and ظَلَّ نَهَارَهُ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا [He was in, or during, his day doing such a thing; or he passed his day doing such a thing]: (M, K:) and ظَلِلْتُ أَعْمَلُ كَذَا [I was in the day or daytime, or I passed the day, doing such a thing; or] I did such a thing in the day or daytime. (S, O, Msb. *) In the saying of 'Antarah, وَلَقَدْ أَبِيتُ عَلَى الطَّوَى وَأَظَلُّهُ حَتَّى أَنَالَ بِهِ كَرِيمَ المَأْكَلِ [app. meaning And verily I pass the night in hunger, and I pass the day in it, that I may attain thereby plentiful eating], أَظَلُّهُ is for أَظَلُّ عَلَيْهِ. (S, O.) And accord. to some, (TA,) ظَلَّ لَيْلَهُ occurs in poetry; (M, K, TA;) so that one says, ظَلَّ لَيْلَهُ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا [He was in, or during, his night, or he passed his night, doing such a thing]: but it is said that in this case the verb has the meaning next following. (TA.) b2: and it signifies also He, or it, became; syn. صَارَ: (Er-Rághib, TA:) being in this sense likewise an incomplete [i. e. a non-attributive] verb, divested of that meaning of time which it radically denotes; as in the phrase in the Kur [xvi. 60 and xliii. 16], ظَلَّ وَجْهُهُ مُسْوَدًّا [His face becomes black]: so says Ibn-Málik: (TA:) or this may mean his face continues all the day black: (Bd in xvi. 60:) and one says also, ظَلَّ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا meaning He continued doing such a thing: this too is mentioned by Ibn-Málik, and is of the dial. of the people of Syria. (TA.) b3: It is also a complete [i. e. an attributive] verb as meaning He, or it, continued; as is said in the Expos. of the “ Shifè,” and by Ibn-Málik; and, as Ibn-Málik likewise says, it was, or became, long. (TA.) 2 ظللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [He made it to give shade over him, or it,] (M,) inf. n. تَظْلِيلٌ. (O.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 160, and the like is said in ii. 54], وَظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الغَمَامَ And we made the clouds to give shade over them. (M.) b2: [And ظللّٰهُ signifies He shaded him, or it. See an ex. in a verse of Jereer in art. ردف, conj. 3.] لٰكِنْ عَلَى الأَثَلَاتِ لَحْمٌ لَا يُظَلَّلُ [But at the tamarisk-trees is flesh that will not be shaded, or, accord. to the reading given by Meyd, بِالأَثَلَاتِ,] is a prov., said by Beyhes, in allusion to the flesh of his slain brothers, on the occasion of persons saying, ظَلِّلُوا لَحْمَ جَزُورِكُمْ [Shade ye the flesh of your slaughtered camel]. (S, O.) A2: See also 4.

A3: One says also ظلّل بِالسَّوْطِ, meaning He made a sign with the whip for the purpose of frightening. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 4 اظلّ, said of a day, It was, (S, O,) or became, (M, K,) shady, or a day having shade: (S, M, O, K:) or it was a day having clouds, or other [causes of shade]: (T:) or it was continually shady; as also ↓ ظَلَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. ظِلَالَةٌ. (Msb.) b2: And, said of a thing, [It extended its shade; or] its shade extended; as also ↓ ظلّل. (Msb.) A2: أَظَلَّتْنِى الشَّجَرَةُ [The tree shaded me, or afforded me shade]: and in like manner one says of other things than trees. (S, O.) أَظَلَّكَ said of a building, or of a mountain, or of a cloud, means It protected thee, and cast its shade upon thee. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence,] اظلّهُ (assumed tropical:) He took him into his shelter, or protection: (TA:) or he guarded, or protected, him, and placed him within the scope of his might, or power of resistance or defence. (Er-Rághib, TA.) b3: And أَظَلَّنِى (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) covered me: (M, K:) or it approached me, or drew near to me, so as to cast its shade upon me: (K:) or it has both of these meanings: (M:) or أَظَلَّكَ means he, (T, S,) or it, (O,) approached thee, or drew near to thee, as though he, or it, cast his, or its, shade upon thee. (T, S, O.) And hence one says, أَظَلَّكَ أَمْرٌ (assumed tropical:) An event approached thee, or drew near to thee: (S, O:) and in like manner one says of a month. (T, S, O.) And اظلّ [alone] (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) advanced: or approached, or drew near. (Msb.) And i. q. أَشْرَفَ [app. as meaning (assumed tropical:) He, or it, became within sight, or view]. (Msb.) 5 تَظَلَّّ see the next paragraph. It is also pronounced تَظَلَّى: (IAar, T:) and signifies He kept to shady places, and to ease, or repose: (IAar, T and K in art. ظلى:) it is like تَظَنَّيْتُ from الظَّنُّ. (T in that art.) 10 استظلّ, (T,) or استظلّ بِالِظِّلِّ, (Msb, TA,) He (a man, T) sheltered, or protected, himself by means of the shade: (T, TA:) or the latter means he inclined to the shade and sat in it. (M, K.) And استظلّ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ and بِهِ means↓ تَظَلَّلَ [i. e. he shaded himself (تظلّل being quasi-pass. of ظَلَّلَهُ) from the thing and by means of it]. (M, K.) You say, استظلّ بِهِ مِنَ الشَّمْسِ [He shaded himself with it, or by means of it, from the sun]. (T.) And استظلّ بِالشَّجَرَةِ He shaded and sheltered himself by means of the tree. (Ibn-'Abbád, S, O.) b2: استظلّ الدَّمُ The blood was in the جَوْف [or belly, or interior of the belly, or the chest]. (T, O, K, TA. [In the CK, من الجَوْفِ is put for فِى الجَوْفِ.]) b3: استظلّت العَيْنُ, (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or العُيُونُ, (K,) The eye, (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O,) meaning that of a she-camel, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or the eyes, (K,) sank, or became depressed, in the head. (T, Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: And استظلّ الكَرْمُ The grape-vine became luxuriant, or abundant and dense, in its branches whereon were the bunches. (M, K.) ظِلٌّ properly signifies Shade; i. e. the light of the sun without the rays: when there is no light, it is ظُلْمَةٌ, not ظِلٌّ: (S, O:) contr. of ضِحٌّ: (M, K:) or i. q. فَىْءٌ: (K:) so some say: (M:) or so the [common] people say: (IKt, Msb:) or the former is [shade] in the morning; and the latter is in the evening: (M, K:) or, accord. to IKt, the former is in the morning and in the evening; but the latter is only after the declining of the sun from the meridian: ISk says that the former is from the rising of the sun to its declining; and the latter, from the declining to the setting: Th says that the ظِلّ of a tree &c. is in the morning; and the فَىْء, in the evening: (Msb:) Ru-beh says, (M, Msb,) any place, (M,) or any thing, (Msb,) upon which the sun has been and which it has quitted is termed ظِلٌّ and فَىْءٌ; (M, Msb;) but a thing [or place] upon which the sun has not been is termed ظِلٌّ [only]; and hence it is said that the sun annuls, or supersedes, the ظِلّ, and the فَىْء annuls, or supersedes, the sun: (Msb:) AHeyth says, the ظِلّ is anything upon which the sun has not come; and the term فَىْء is applied only after the declining of the sun; the فَىْء being eastwards and the ظِلّ being westwards; and the ظِلّ being termed ظِلّ from the beginning of the day to the declining of the sun; after which it is termed فَىْء until the night: (T, TA:) one says the ظِلّ of Paradise, but not its فَىْء, because the sun will never replace its ظِلّ; but En-Nábighah El-Jaadee has assigned to Paradise فَىْء having ظِلَال: (M, TA:) in a verse of Aboo-Sakhr ElHudhalee, ظِلٌّ is made fem. as meaning مَنِيَّة [i. e. death]: (Ham p. 161:) the pl. [of mult.] is ظِلَالٌ (S, M, O, K) and ظُلُولٌ and [of pauc.] أَظْلَالٌ. (M, O, K.) The saying of a rájiz, كَأَنَّمَا وَجْهُكَ ظِلٌّ مِنْ حَجَرْ [As though thy face were a shade of a stone] is said to mean hardness of face, and shamelessness: or the being black in the face: (T, TA:) for the Arabs say that there is nothing more dense in shade than a stone. (TA.) قَدْ ضَحَا ظِلُّهُ [His shade, or shadow, has become sun] is said of the dead. (TA.) مَرَّ بِنَا كَأَنَّهُ ظِلُّ ذِئْبٍ [He passed by us as though he were the shadow of a wolf] means swiftly, as does a wolf. (M.) اِنْتَعَلَتْ ظِلَالَهَا (assumed tropical:) [They made their shadows to be as though they were sandals to them] is said of camels or other beasts when it is midday in summer and they have no shadow [but such as is beneath them]: a rájiz says, قَدْ وَرَدَتْ تَمْشِى عَلَى ظِلَالِهَا وَذَابَتِ الشَّمْسُ عَلَى قِلَالِهَا [They came to the water walking upon their shadows, and the sun was intensely hot upon the tops of their heads and humps]. (T.) And one says, هُوَ يَتْبَعُ ظِلَّ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) [He follows the shadow of himself; i. e. a thing that he will not overtake; for], as a poet says, the shadow that goes with thee thou wilt not overtake by following: and هُوَ يُبَارِى ظِلَّ نَفْسِهِ (tropical:) [He strives to outstrip the shadow of himself], meaning that he walks with a proud and self-conceited gait: so in the A. (TA.) And اِنْتَقَلْتُ عَنْ ظِلِّى (tropical:) I left my state, or condition. (TA.) And تَرَكَ الظَّبْىُ ظِلَّهُ: so in the T and S and O: (TA:) but [said to be] correctly, أَتْرُكُهُ تَرْكَ الظَّبْىِ ظِلَّهُ, (K,) or لَأَتْرُكَنَّهُ, (M, TA,) i. e. [I will forsake him, or I will assuredly forsake him, as the gazelle forsakes] the place of its shade: (O, TA:) [each, however, is app. right; and the former is the more agreeable with the following explanations:] a prov., (M,) applied to the man who is wont to take fright and flee; for the gazelle, when it takes fright and flees from a thing, never returns to it: (S, O, K:) by the ظِلّ is here meant the covert in which it shades and shelters itself in the vehemence of the heat; then the hunter comes to it and rouses it, and it will not return thither; and one says, تَرَكَ الظَّبْىُ ظِلَّهُ, meaning the place of its shade: it is applied to him who takes fright and flees from a thing, and forsakes it so as not to return to it; and to the case of a man's forsaking his companion. (Meyd.) [ثَقِيلُ الظِّلِّ as applied to a man, see expl. in art. ثقل: see also Har p. 250, where it is indicated that it may be rendered One whose shadow, even, is oppressive, and therefore much more so is his person.] In the phrase وَلَا الظِّلُّ وَلَا الْحَرُورُ, (M, K) in the Kur [xxxv. 20], Th says, accord. to some, (M,) الظِّلُّ means Paradise; (M, K;) and الحَرُورُ, the fire [of Hell]: but he adds, I say that الظِّلُّ is the ظِلّ itself [i. e. shade], and الحَرُورُ is the حَرّ itself [i. e. heat]: (M: [see also حَرُورٌ:]) and Er-Rághib says that ظِلٌّ is sometimes assigned to anything; whether it be approved, as in the phrase above mentioned; or disapproved, as in وَظِلٍّ مِنْ يَحْمُومٍ

in the Kur [lvi. 42, meaning And shade of smoke, or black smoke]. (TA.) And الظِّلَالُ meansظِلَالُ الجَنَّةِ [The shades of Paradise]: (Fr, T, O, K, TA:) in some copies of the K, وَالظِّلَالُ الجَنَّةُ, which is a mistake: (TA:) [but this requires consideration; for] El-'Abbás Ibn-'Abd-El-Muttalib says, مِنْ قَبْلِهَا طِبْتَ فِى الظِّلَالِ وَفِى مُسْتَوْدَعٍ حَيْثُ يُخْصَفُ الوَرَقُ [Before it t?? wast good in, or in the shades of, Paradise, and in a depositary in the part where leaves are sewed together to conceal the pudenda]; (T, O, TA;) i. e. before thy descent to the earth (to which the pronoun in قبلها relates), thou wast good in the loins of Adam when he was in Paradise. (TA.) الجَنَّةُ تَحْتَ ظِلَالِ السُّيُوفِ [Paradise is beneath the shades of the swords] is a trad., meaning that fighting against unbelievers is a way of attaining to Paradise. (Marg. note in a copy of the “ Jámi' es-Sagheer.) مُلَاعِبُ ظِلِّهِ is an appellation of A certain bird; [see art. لعب;] and one says مُلَاعِبَا ظِلِّهِمَا; and مُلَاعِبَاتُ ظِلِّهِنَّ: but when you make them indeterminate, you say مُلَاعِبَاتُ أَظْلَالِهِنَّ. (T, O, K. [But in the TA in art. لعب, it is said that one dualizes and pluralizes both nouns, because the appellation becomes determinate.]) b2: ظِلُّ اللَّيْلِ means (tropical:) The blackness of the night: (T, S, O, Msb;) metaphorically thus termed; (S;) as in the saying, أَتَانَا فِى ظِلِّ اللَّيْلِ [He came to us in the blackness of the night]: (S, O:) or it signifies جُنْحُ اللَّيْلِ [app. as meaning the darkness, and confusedness, of the night; see جُنْحٌ]; (M, TA;) or so الظِّلُّ: (K:) or this means the night, (M, K, TA,) itself; (M, TA;) so the astronomers say: (TA:) all the night is ظِلٌّ: and so is all the period from the shining of the dawn to the rising of the sun. (T.) b3: ظِلُّ النَّهَارِ is The colour of the day when the sun predominates over it [app. meaning when the light of the sun predominates over that of the early dawn]. (K.) b4: ظِلُّ السَّحَابِ means Such, of the clouds, as conceal the sun: or the blackness of the clouds. (M, K.) b5: And ظِلَالُ البَحْرِ means The waves of the sea; (O, K, TA;) because they are raised so as to shade the ship and those that are in it. (TA.) b6: ظِلٌّ also signifies A خَيَال (M, O, K) that is seen, (M, K,) [i. e. an apparition, a phantom, or a thing that one sees like a shadow, i. e. what we term a shade,] of the jinn, or genii, and of others: (M, O, K:) or the like of a خَيَال of the jinn. (T.) b7: Also Anything that shades one. (TA.) b8: And it is the subst. from أَظَلَّنِى الشَّىْءُ meaning “ the thing covered me; ” (M, K;) [i. e. it means A covering;] in which sense Th explains it in the phrase إِلَى ظِلٍّ ذِى ثَلَاثِ شُعَبٍ [in the Kur lxxvii. 30, Unto a covering having three parts, or divisions]; saying, the meaning is that the fire will have covered them; not that its ظِلّ will be like that of the present world. (M. [See شُعْبَةٌ.]) And ظِلُّ الشَّىْءِ means (assumed tropical:) That which serves for the veiling, covering, or protecting, of the thing; syn. كِنُّهُ. (M.) [Hence] one says, فُلَانٌ يَعِيشُ فِى ظِلِّ فُلَانٍ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Such a one lives] in the shelter, or protection, of such a one. (T, * S, O, Msb, * K. *) And السُّلْطَانُ ظِلُّ اللّٰهِ فِى الأَرْضِ, (O, TA,) a saying of the Prophet, (O,) [meaning (assumed tropical:) The sovereign, or ruling, power is God's means of defence in the earth,] because he wards off harm from the people like as the ظِلّ [properly so called] wards off the harm of the heat of the sun: (TA:) or the meaning is, (assumed tropical:) God's means of protection: or God's خَاصَّة [or special servant]. (O, TA.) b9: Also (assumed tropical:) Might; or power of resistance or defence: (M, K, TA:) whence [as some say] its usage in the Kur xiii. 35, and the usage of [the pl.] ظِلَال in xxxvi. 56 and in lxxvii. 41: [but the primary signification is more appropriate in these instances:] and so in the saying, جَعَلَنِى فِى ظِلِّهِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He placed me within the scope of his might, or power of resistance or defence]: so says Er-Rághib. (TA.) b10: And (assumed tropical:) A state of life ample in its means or circumstances, unstraitened, or plentiful, and easy, pleasant, soft, or delicate. (TA.) b11: Also (assumed tropical:) The beginning of winter. (T, O. [Accord. to the copies of the K, of youthfulness: but I think that الشَّبَاب in this instance, in the K, is evidently a mistranscription for الشِّتَآء.]) And (assumed tropical:) The vehemence (T, O, K) of the heat (T, O) of summer. (T, O, K.) b12: Also (assumed tropical:) The شَخْص [as meaning person of a human being, and as meaning the bodily or corporeal form or figure or substance which one sees from a distance, or the material substance,] of anything; (M, K, TA; [in the second and third of which is added, “or its كِنّ,” a signification which I have mentioned above on the authority of the M;]) because of its [apparent] blackness [or darkness, resembling that of a shade or shadow]: (M, TA:) whence the saying, لَا يُفَارِقُ ظِلِّى ظِلَّكَ (assumed tropical:) [My person will not quit thy person]; like the saying, لَا يُفَارِقُ سَوَادِى سَوَادَكَ: and the following exs. have been cited as instances of ظِلّ in the sense of شَخْص: the saying of a poet, لَمَّا نَزَلْنَا رَفَعْنَا ظِلَّ أَخْبِيَةٍ

[as though meaning When we alighted, we raised the material fabric of tents], for it is said that they do not set up the ظِلّ which is the فَىْء, but they only set up the tents; and the saying of another, تَتَبَّعَ أَفْيَآءَ الظِّلَالِ عَشِيَّةً

[as though meaning He followed the shadows of the material objects in the evening]: but Er-Rághib says that the former means, we raised the tents, and so raised the ظِلّ thereof; and in the other ex., الظلال is a general term, and الفَىْء [or افيآء] is a special term, so that it is an instance of the إِضَافَة of a thing to its kind [i. e. of prefixing a noun to one significant of its kind]. (TA.) [See also ظَلَالَةٌ.] b13: And accord. to Ibn-'Abbád, (O,) it signifies also The nap, or villous substance, upon the surface of a garment, or piece of cloth; syn. زِئْبِرٌ. (O, K.) ظَلَّةٌ i. q. إِقَامَةٌ [Continuance, residence, abode, &c.]. (K.) b2: And i. q. صِحَّةٌ: thus accord. to the copies of the K; but this may be a mistranscription; for Az and others mention, among the significations of ظلّة, [in a copy of the T, written in this case, as in others, ↓ ظُلَّة,] that of صَيْحَةٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) ظُلَّةٌ A thing that covers, or protects, [or shades,] one, overhead: accord. to Lth, i. q. ↓ مَظَلَّةٌ or مِظَلَّةٌ meaning a thing that shades one from the sun: (T:) see an ex. voce مِظَلَّةٌ: a covering: and i. q. بُرْطُلَّةٌ: (M, K:) this latter word correctly signifies a مِظَلَّة for the summer: (TA in art. برطل:) and a thing by which one is protected from the cold and the heat: (M:) anything that protects and shades one, as a building or a mountain or a cloud: (Mgh:) the first portion that shades (Az, S, K) of a cloud (Az, S) or of clouds; (K;) accord. to Er-Rághib, mostly said of that which is deemed unwholesome, and which is disliked; whence the use of the word in the Kur 7:171: (TA:) and what shades one, of trees: (K:) or anything that forms a covering over one, (T, TA,) or shades one: (T:) and [particularly] a thing like the صُفَّة [q. v.], (S, M, O, K,) by which one protects himself from the heat and the cold: (K:) or, accord. to the lawyers, ظُلَّةُ الدَّارِ means the سُدَّة [or projecting roof] over the door of the house: or that of which the beams have one end upon the house and the other end upon the wall of the opposite neighbour: (Mgh:) pl. ظُلَلٌ (S, M, O, K) and ظِلَالٌ. (M, K.) [See also ظَلَالٌ.] One says also, دَامَتْ ظُلَّةُ الظِّلِّ and الظِّلِّ ↓ ظِلَالَةُ, meaning That whereby one shades himself, (K, TA,) of trees, or of stones, or of other things, (TA,) [continued.] عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الظُّلَّةِ, in the Kur. [26:189], is said to mean [The punishment of the day of] clouds beneath which was a hot wind (سَمُوم): (S, O, K:) or an overshadowing cloud, beneath which they collected themselves together, seeking protection thereby from the heat that came upon them, whereupon it covered them, (T, * K, TA,) and they perished beneath it: (T, TA:) or, accord. to some, i. q. عَذَابُ يَوْمِ الصُّفَّةِ. (T: see art. صف.) and لَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ, in the Kur [36:16], means To them shall be above them coverings of fire, and beneath them coverings to those below them; Hell consisting of stages, one beneath another. (T, TA.) Seditions, or conflicts and factions, are mentioned in a trad. as being like ظُلَل, by which are meant Mountains, and clouds: and El-Kumeyt likens waves of the sea to ظُلَل. (TA.) And [the pl.]

ظُلَلٌ is used as meaning The chambers of a prison. (M, TA.) A2: See also ظَلَّةٌ.

ظِلَّةٌ i. q. ظِلَالٌ; (T, K, TA;) app. a pl. of ظَلِيلٌ, like as طِلَّةٌ is of طَلِيلٌ. (TA.) ظَلَلٌ Water that is beneath a tree, (O,) or beneath trees, (K,) upon which the sun does not come. (O, K.) [See also ضَلَلٌ.]

ظَلَالٌ, like سَحَابٌ, [so accord. to the K, but in my copies of the S, ↓ ظِلَال,] A thing that shades one, (IAar, S, O, K, TA,) such as a cloud, (IAar, S, TA,) and the like. (IAar, TA.) [See also ظُلَّةٌ.]

ظِلَالٌ pl. of ظِلٌّ: (S, M, O, K:) b2: and of ظُلَّةٌ. (M, K.) b3: [Also, app., pl. of ظَلِيلٌ: see ظِلَّةٌ. b4: Freytag has app. understood it to be expl. in the K as syn. with مَظَلَّةٌ; though it certainly is not.] b5: See also ظَلَالٌ.

مَكَانٌ ظَلِيلٌ A place having shade: (M, K:) or having constant shade. (T, S, M, O, K.) and hence ظِلٌّ ظَلِيلٌ (M, K) Constant shade: (S:) or extensive shade: (O:) or in this case the latter word denotes intensiveness [meaning dense]; (M, K, TA;) being like شَاعِرٌ in the phrase شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ. (TA.) ظِلًّا ظَلِيلًا in the Kur iv. 60 is said by Er-Rághib to be an allusion to ease and pleasantness of life. (TA.) One says also أَيْكَةٌ ظَلِيلَةٌ A collection of trees tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense. (TA.) In the saying of Uheyhah Ibn-El-Juláh, describing palm-trees, هِىَ الظِّلُّ فِى الحَرِّ حَقَّ الظَّلِ?? ??لِ وَالمَنْظَرُ الأَحْسَنُ الأَجْمَلُ [ISd says] in my opinion, he means الشَّىْءُ الظَّلِيلُ حَقَّ الظَّلِيلِ; [so that the verse should be rendered They are the shade in the heat, the shady thing, the extremely shady, and the most goodly, the most beautiful, thing at which one looks; (see the phrase هٰذَا العَالِمُ حَقَّ العَالِمِ, voce حَقٌّ;)] the inf. n. being put in the place of the subst. (M.) لَا ظَلِيلٍ in the Kur [lxxvii. 31] means Not profitable as the shade in protecting from the heat. (TA.) ظَلَالَةٌ, (M, TA,) with fet-h, (TA,) the subst. from the verb in the phrase ظَلَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمُ الغَمَامَ [expl. above, see 2; as such app. meaning either The making to give shade, like the inf. n. تَظْلِيلٌ, or a thing that gives shade, like ظِلَالَةٌ]. (M, TA.) b2: And i. q. شَخْصٌ [expl. above, see ظِلٌّ, last quarter]: (O, K:) and so طَلَالَةٌ, with ط. (O.) ظِلَالَةٌ: see ظُلَّةٌ. b2: Also A cloud that one sees by itself, and of which one sees the shadow upon the earth. (K.) b3: And one says, رَأَيْتُ ظِلَالَةً مِنَ الطَّيْرِ i. e. غَيَابَةً [app. meaning I saw a covert, or place of concealment, of birds]. (TA.) ظَلِيلَةٌ A place in which a little water collects and stagnates in a water-course and the like: (Lth, T:) or a place in which water collects and stagnates in the lower part of the torrent of a valley: (M, K:) or the like of an excavated hollow in the interior of a water-course, such that the water stops, and remains therein: (AA, O:) pl. ظَلَائِلُ. (Lth, AA, T, O.) And A meadow (رَوْضَة) abounding with collections of trees, or of dense and tangled trees: (AA, T, O, K:) pl. as above. (K.) ظُلَّيْلَةٌ A thing which a man makes for himself, of trees, or of a garment, or piece of cloth, by which to protect himself from the heat of the sun: a vulgar word. (TA.) ظُلْظُلٌ i. q. سُعْنٌ, i. e. A ↓ مِظَلَّة [q. v.; or as expl. in the L, in art. سعن, a ظُلَّة (q. v.), or a thing like the ظُلَّة, which is made upon the flat house-tops, for the purpose of guarding against the dew that comes from the direction of the sea in the time of the greatest heat]; on the authority of IAar. (T. [Accord. to the O and K, i. q. سُفُنٌ, which is evidently a mistranscription.]) أَظَلُّ [More, and most, dense in shade]. The Arabs say, لَيْسَ شَىْءٌ أَظَلَّ مِنْ حَجَرٍ [There is not anything more dense in shade than a stone]. (TA.) b2: And أَظَلّ, [as a subst., i. e. أَظَلٌّ accord. to a general rule, or, if regarded as originally an epithet, it may be أَظَلُّ,] by poetic license أَظْلَل, (S, M, O, K,) signifies The under part, (S, O,) or the concealed part, (M, AHei, K,) of the مَنْسِم, (S, M, O, K,) or of the خُفّ, (AHei, TA,) [the former app. here used, as it is said be in other cases, in the same sense as the latter, meaning the foot,] of the camel; (S, M, O, AHei, K;) so called because of its being concealed: (AHei, TA:) and, (M, K,) in a human being, (M,) الأَظَلُّ signifies بَطْنُ الإِصْبَعِ; (M, K;) and [ISd says] this is in my opinion the right explanation; but it is said that أَظَلُّ الإِنْسَانِ signifies بُطُونُ أَصَابِعِهِ, which means the portion, of what is next to the fore part [of the bottom] of the foot, from the root of the great toe to the root of the little toe, of the human being: (M:) the pl. is ظُلٌّ, which is anomalous, (M, K,) or formed after the manner of the pl. of an epithet: (M:) or الظُّلُّ فِى الإِنْسَانِ means the roots, or bases, (أُصُول) of what are termed بُطُونُ الأَصَابِعِ, next to the fore part [of the bottom] of the foot. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) Hence the prov., إِنْ يَدْمَ أَظَلُّكَ فَقَدْ نَقِبَ خُفِّى [If the fore part of the sole of thy foot be bleeding, the sole of my foot has become worn through, in holes: see نَقِبَ]: said to the complainer to him who is in a worse condition than he. (AHei, TA.) مظلّ [app. مَظِلٌّ, being from ظَلَّ of which the aor. is يَظِلُّ; A place of shade, or of continual shade]. One says, هٰذَا مُنَاخِى وَمَحَلِّى وَبَيْتِى وَمظلِّى

[This is my nightly resting-place for the camels, and my place of abode, and my tent, and my place of shade, or of continual shade]. (TA.) مُظِلٌّ A thing having shade; by means of which one shades himself; as also ↓ مُظَلِّلٌ. (Msb.) And [A cloudy day;] a day having clouds: or having continual shade. (TA.) مِظَلَّةٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and مَظَلَّةٌ, (T, M, Msb, K,) the former with kesr to the م as an instrumental noun, (Msb,) [and the latter with fet-h as a noun of place,] A large tent of [goats'] hair; (S, O, Msb;) more ample than the خِبَآء; so says El-Fárábee: (Msb:) one of the kinds of tents of the Arabs of the desert, the largest of the tents of [goats'] hair; next after which is the وَسُوط; and then, the خِبَآء, which is the smallest of the tents of [goats'] hair; so says Az: but Aboo-Málik says that the مظلّة and the خبآء are small and large: IAar says that the خَيْمَة is of poles roofed with [the panic grass called] ثَمَام, and is not of cloths; but the مظلّة is of cloths: (T:) or it is of the tents called أَخْبِيَة; (M;) such as is large, of the أَخْبِيَة; (K;) and it is said to be only of cloths; and it is large, having a رِوَاق [q. v.]; but sometimes it is of one oblong piece of cloth (شُقَّة), and of two such pieces, and of three; and sometimes it has a كِفَآء, which is its hinder part: or, accord. to Th, it is peculiarly of [goats'] hair: (M:) see also ظُلَّةٌ, and ظُلْظُلٌ: the pl. is مَظَالُّ; (M, Msb;) and مَظَالِ or مَظَالِى

occurs at the end of a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abee-'Áïdh El-Hudhalee, for مَظَالِّ; the [latter]

ل being either elided, or changed into ى. (M.) عِلَّةٌ مَا عِلَّةُ أَوْتَادٍ وَأَخِلَّةٍ وَعَمَدِ المِظَلَّةِ اُبْرُزُوا لِصِهْرِكُمْ

↓ ظُلَّةٌ [A pretext: what is the pretext of tentpegs, and of pins for fastening together the edges of the pieces of the tent-cloth, and of the poles of the large tent? go ye forth: he who has married among you has a tent for shade from the sun:] is a prov., and was said by a girl who had been married to a man, and whose family delayed to conduct her to her husband, urging in excuse that they had not the apparatus of the tent: she said this to urge them, and to put a stop to their excuse: (Meyd, TA: *) and the prov. is applied in attributing untruth to pretexts. (Meyd.) b2: Hence, as being likened thereto, (assumed tropical:) A booth, or shed, made of palm-sticks, and covered with [the panic grass called] ثُمَام. (Msb.) b3: And The thing [i. e. umbrella] by means of which kings are shaded on the occasion of their riding; called in Pers\. چَتْر. (TA.) عَرْشٌ مُظَلَّلٌ [A booth, or shed, shaded over] is from الظِّلُّ. (S.) مُظَلِّلٌ: see مُظِلٌّ.

مُسْتَظِلٌّ Blood that is in the جَوْف [or belly, or interior of the belly, or the chest]. (T, O.) b2: And [Az says,] I heard a man of the tribe of Teiyi apply the term المُسْتَظِلَّاتُ [so accord. to a copy of the T, but in the TA المُسْتَظِلُّ,] to Certain thin flesh, adhering to the interior of the two fetlock-joints of the camel, than which there is in the flesh of the camel none thinner, nor any softer, but there is in it no grease. (T.)

عن

Entries on عن in 8 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Ṣāḥib bin ʿAbbād, Al-Muḥīṭ fī l-Lugha, Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes by Reinhart Dozy, Habib Anthony Salmone, An Advanced Learner's Arabic-English Dictionary, and 5 more
عن
عَنْ: يقتضي مجاوزة ما أضيف إليه، تقول:
حدّثتك عن فلان، وأطعمته عن جوع، قال أبو محمد البصريّ : «عَنْ» يستعمل أعمّ من «على» لأنه يستعمل في الجهات السّتّ، ولذلك وقع موقع على في قول الشاعر:
إذا رضيت عليّ بنو قشير
قال: ولو قلت: أطعمته على جوع وكسوته على عري لصحّ.
ومن خَفِيف هَذَا الْبَاب قَوْلهم

" عَنْ " وَمَعْنَاهَا: مَا عدا الشَّيْء. وَهِي تكون حرفا واسما، بِدَلِيل قَوْلهم من عَنهُ، قَالَ الْقطَامِي:

فقلتُ للرَّكْبِ لَمَّا أنْ عَلا بهِمِ ... مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِ الحُبَيَّا نظرَةٌ قَبَلُ

قَالَ أَبُو إِسْحَاق: يجوز حذف النُّون من عَن للشاعر، كَمَا يجوز لَهُ حذف نون من، وَكَأن حذفه إِنَّمَا هُوَ لالتقاء الساكنين، إِلَّا أَن حذف نون من فِي الشّعْر، اكثر من حذف نون عَن، لِأَن دُخُول من فِي الْكَلَام اكثر من دُخُول عَن.

عن


عَنْ
a. From.
b. For.
c. After.
d. About, of.
e. Of, to.
f. On.
g. With; at, to, unto.

ذَهَبَ عَنَّا
a. He went away from us, he left us.

سَافَر عَن البَلَد
a. He journeyed from the country.
دَافَعَ عَنْهُ
a. He repelled from him: he defended him.

حَدَّثَ عَن فَلَان
a. He related what he had heard from so &
so.
جَزَاكَ اللّٰه عَنِّي خَيْرًا
a. May God recompense thee
for
me.
عَن قَلِيْل
a. After a little while.
سَألَ عَنْهُ
a. He asked about him.
سَمِعَ عَنْهُ
a. He heard of, about him.
عَاجِز عَن
a. He is incapable of, to.

جَلَسْتُ عَن يَمِيْنِهِ
a. I sat on his right.
عَن قَصْد
a. With purpose: intentionally.
عَن رِضًى
a. With good grace, readily, willingly.
مَاتَ عَن وَلَدٍ
a. He died (with) leaving a child, an heir.

مَاتَ عَن سِتِّيْن سَنَة
a. He died at the age of 60.
قُتِلُوْا عَن آخِرِهِم
a. They were slain (with), to, unto, even, the last man.
عَمَّا (a. for
عَن مَا ), About, respecting;
after; above.
عَمَّا يَسْأَلُوْن
a. About what they ask.
عَمَّا قَلِيْل
a. After a little while.
تَعَالَى اللّٰه عَمَّا
يَسِفُوْن
a. God is exalted above what they attribute to
Him.
عن: عَنْ هديَّة: كهديَّة. (ابن بطوطة 3: 387) عن علم لهم به: حسب أو وفق علمهم به (معجم الإدريسي).
عن أمر فلان: بأمر فلان. (معجم الإدريسي).
عن إذنك: باذنك، استأذنك. (معجم الادريسي).
عن: تلى الفعل الذي معناه أرسل وبعث وما في معناهما.
يقال: بعث (وجَّه) عن فلان. أي بعث يبحث عن فلان. كما يقال: نهض عن فلان، أي ذهب يبحث عن فلان. وكما يقال: قُصِدت الخزائن عن الاسلحة، أي أسرعوا إلى الخزائن للبحث عن الاسلحة. (رسالة إلى السيد فليشر ص37 - 38).
عَنْ: تستعمل بمعنى حرف الجر على. ففي حيّان بسّام (1: 172و): وعاداه باديس صبيحتها عن تعبية محكمة. وكذلك ما جاء في كتاب الخطيب (ص134 ق) الذي نقل هذا النص: وصبِحْنا القومَ عن التعبية محكمة.
عَنْ: في مدّة، في خلال، في أثناء. ففي العبدري (ص46 ق): وكانت القوافل كثيرة جداً فانهم بحيث لو غاب عن احد رفيقه لم يجده عن أيّام.
عَنْ: فيما يملك، ما دام يملك. ففي فالتون (ص21): افضل الناس من عفى عن قُدْرة وتواضع عن رِفْعة وانصف عن قُوَّة.
وينقل الناشر (ص39 رقم 7) مثالاً آخر من الحماسة (ص25). ويمكن أن نضيف إليه ما جاء في كتاب الألفاظ (مخطوطة رقم 1070 ص8 و): يقال لا عفو إلا عن قُدْرَة.
ويستعمل الظرف عند بهذا المعنى. ففي الكامل (ص39): قيل لمعاوية ما النبل فقال: الحلم عند الغضب. والعفو عند القدرة.
العين والنون
عن العُنًة: حَظيرةٌ من شجر. وأعطيتُه عَيْنَ عُنَةٍ: أي خَصَصْته به. ورأيتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنة: أي الساعةَ من غير أن طلبته، وقيل: أولُ عائنة. واعْتَنَنْتُ لِعُنَةٍ: أي تَعَرضت لشيء لا أعرفه.
والعُنَة: الحَبْل يُلقى عليه القَديد. والعَطْفَة أيضاً.
وعَن عُنوناً وعَنّاً وعَنَناً واعْتَن أيضاً: اعترض. وعُنَنَ العِنينُ عن امرأته، وهو بينُ العِنَينة والعَنَانة، وكل مَعْنونٍ محبوس، وهو عِنَينٌ عن القتال وغيره أيضاً.
وعَن به: مد به. وعن به كل مَلْوى: لَوى به. وعَنَنتُ الكتابَ عَناً وعُنواناً، والأصل في العُنوان: ما ظهر من الشيء.
ولَعَنك: في
معنى لعلك. والعَنُون من الدواب: المتقدمة في السيْر. وشِرْكَة العِنان: في الخاص من الأشياء - فأما قوله:
عِنانَ الشمالِ مَنْ يكونَن أضْرَعا
فقيل: مُعانة شؤم؛ وهو من التعرض. وقيل: الشمال غِلافُ الضًرْع، وعِنانُه سَيْرُه الذي يُعلق به. وامتلأ عِنانُه: عَدا جَهدَه. وأعْنَنْتُ الدابةَ وعَنَنْتُها: جعلت لها عِناناً.
وأعَن الفَرسَ: حَبَسَه بِعِنانه. وجمعتُهم في عَنَن: أي في سَنَن.
والعَنَن: واحد الأعْنان: ما يعرض للشيء. وأعْنانُ السماء: نواحيها. وعَنَانُها: ما عَن منها. والعَنَانَة: السحابة.
وعَنْعَنَةُ تميم: جَعْلُهم العينَ بدل الهمزة. والعَانُّ: الجَبَل الطويل في الأرض وفي السماء، والجميع: العَوان. والمُعَنَّنَة: المرأة اللطيفة البطن.
ورجلٌ عَنِيْن - مثل حَكيم -: لا يقدر على حَبْس ريح بطنه، وما أعَنَه.
والمعَنْعِن: القائل عن فلان عن فلان. ويومُ عُن: قيل: عُن اسم قبيلة، وقيل: قَلْتٌ تحاربوا عليه.
باب العين والنون (ع ن، ن ع مستعملان)

عن: العُنَّةُ: الحَظِيرةُ (من الخشب أو الشجر تُعْمَلُ للإبل أو الغنمِ أو الخيْلِ تكون على باب الرَّجُل) . والجمع العُنَن، قال الأعشى:

ترى اللَّحْمَ من ذابلٍ قد ذوى ... ورطْبٍ يُرَفَّعُ فوْق العُنَنْ

وعَنَّ لنا كذا يَعِنُّ عَنَناً وعُنُونا: أي ظهر أمامنا. والعَنُونُ من الدوابِّ: المتقدِّمةُ في السَّيْر، قال النابغة:

كأنَّ الرّحْل شُدَّ به خنوف ...  من الحونات هادئة عَنُونُ

ورجُلٌ عِنِّين: وهو الذي لا يَقْدِرُ أن يَحْبِسَ رِيحَ نَفْسه وتقول: إنَّه ليأخذُ في كُلِّ فَنٍِّ وسَنٍٍّ وعَنٍِّ بمعني واحد. والعِنانُ من الِّلجَام: السَّيْرُ الذي بيدِ الفارس الذي يُقَوِّمُ به رأس الفرس، ويُجْمع على أَعِنَّة وعُنُن . وعَنانُ السَّماءِ: ما عنَّ لك منها أي: بدا لك إذا نظرت إليها، ويقال: بل عَنانُ السَّماءِ: السَّحاب، الواحدة عَنانَةٌ، ويُجمعُ على أعنانٍ وعنانٍ، قال الشَّماخ:

طوى ظمْأها في بيضة الصيف بعد ما ... جرت في عنانِ الشِّعْرَيين الأماعِزُ

ويقال: أعنانُ السَّماء: نواحيها. وعَنَنْتُ الكتاب أعُنُّهُ عناًّ وَعَنْوَنْتُ وعَنْوَيتُ عَنْوَنَةً وعنوانا. ويقال: مَنْ تَرَكَ عَنْعَنَةَ تميم وكَشْكَشَةَ ربيعةَ فهم الفصحاء، أما تميم فإنّهم يجعلون بدل الهمزة العين، قال شاعرهم:

إنَّ الفؤاد على الذَّلْفاء قد كمِدا ... وحُبُّها مُوشِكٌ عَنْ يَصْدَعَ الكَبِدا

وربيعةُ تجعَلُ مكان الكاف المكسورة شيئاً، قال:

تَضْحَكُ مِنُّي أن رأتْنِي أحْتَرِش ... ولو حَرَشْتِ لِكَشَفْتِ عن حِرِشْ

ويقال: بل يقولون: عَلَيكِش وبِكِش. ويُقال: بل يُبدلون في كل ذلك. والعَنانُ: الشَّوط. يقال: جَرَى عَنَانا وعَنانَين، قال:

لقد شَدَّ بالخَيْلِ الهديل علَيْكُمُو ... عَنَانَينِ يُبْدي الخيْلَ ثُمَّ يُعِيدُها

نع: النَّعْنَعَةُ: حكايةُ صَوْت. تقول: سمعتُ نَعْنَعَةً وهي رَنَّة في اللسان إذا أراد أن يقول: لع فيقول: نع والنَّعْنَعُ: الذَّكر المُسْتَرْخي والنَّعْنَعُ: بَقْلَة طَيَّبَة الريح وهو الفوذينج قال زائدة: الذي أعرفه: النعناع 
الْعين وَالنُّون

عَنّ الشَّيْء يَعُنُّ ويَعُنُّ عَنَناً، وعُنُونا: ظهر أمامك. والعَنُون من الدَّوَابّ: الْمُتَقَدّمَة فِي السّير، وَكَذَلِكَ من حمر الْوَحْش. وعَنّ يَعِنّ ويَعُنّ عَناًّ وعُنُونا واعْتَنّ: اعْترض. وَالِاسْم: العَنَنُ والعِنان، أنْشد ثَعْلَب:

وَمَا بَدَلٌ مِنْ أُمّ عُثمانَ سَلْفَعٌ ... مِن السُّودِ وَرْهاءُ العِنان عَرُوبُ

معنى قَوْله: " ورهاء الْعَنَان ": إِنَّهَا تعتن فِي كل كَلَام، أَي تعترض فِيهِ. وَلَا افعله مَا عَن فِي السَّمَاء نجم: من ذَلِك.

وَرجل مِعَنّ: يعرض فِي كل شَيْء، وَيدخل فِيمَا لَا يعنيه. وَالْأُنْثَى: بِالْهَاءِ. قَالَ:

مِعَنَّةً مِفَنَّهْ

كالرّيحِ حَوْلَ القُنَّهْ

مِفَنَّة: تَفْتَنُّ عَن الشَّيْء. ولقيه عينَ عُنَّة: أَي اعتراضا. وَأَعْطَاهُ ذَلِك عين عُنَّة: أَي خَاصَّة من بَين أَصْحَابه، وَهُوَ مِنْهُ.

والمُعانَّة: الْمُعَارضَة.

وعُناناك أَن تفعل ذَاك: من المُعانَّة، وَذَلِكَ أَن تُرِيدُ امرا، فَيعرض دونه عَارض يمنعك مِنْهُ، ويحبسك عَنهُ.

والعانُّ من السَّحَاب: الَّذِي يعْتَرض فِي الْأُفق.

والتَّعنين: الْحَبْس.

والعِنيِّن: الَّذِي لَا يَأْتِي النِّسَاء، بَين العُنانة، والعِنِّينة، والعِنِّينيَّة. وَقد عُنِّن عَنْهَا. وَهُوَ مِمَّا تقدم، كَأَنَّهُ اعْتَرَضَهُ مَا يحْبسهُ عَن النِّسَاء. وَامْرَأَة عنينة: كَذَلِك.

وعِنان اللجام: السّير الَّذِي تمسك بِهِ الدَّابَّة. وَالْجمع: أعِنَّة، وعُنُن: نَادِر. فَأَما سِيبَوَيْهٍ فَقَالَ: لم تكسر على غير أعِنَّة، لأَنهم إِن كسروه على بِنَاء الْأَكْثَر، لَزِمَهُم التَّــضْعِيفــ، وَكَانُوا فِي هَذَا أَحْرَى. يُرِيد: إِذْ كَانُوا قد يقتصرون على أبنية أدنى الْعدَد فِي غير المعتل، يَعْنِي بالمعتل: المدغم، وَلَو كسروه على فعل، فلزمهم التَّــضْعِيفــ، لأدغموا كَمَا حكى هُوَ، من أَن من الْعَرَب من يَقُول فِي جمع ذُبَاب: ذُبّ.

وأعَنَّ اللجام: جعل لَهُ عِنانا. وَعَن الْفرس، وأعنَّه: حَبسه بعنانه. والعِنان: الْحَبل، قَالَ رؤبة:

إِلَى عِناَنيْ ضَامِرٍ لطِيفِ

عَنى بالعِنانين هُنَا: المتنين. والضامر هُنَا: الْمَتْن.

وعَنَّنَتِ الْمَرْأَة شعرهَا: شكلت بعضه بِبَعْض.

وَشركَة عِنان، وشرك عِنان: شركَة فِي شَيْء خَاص، كَأَنَّهُ عَن لَهما، فاشترياه واشتركا فِيهِ. وَقيل: هُوَ أَن يُعارض الرجل الرجل عِنْد الشِّرَاء، فَيَقُول لَهُ: أشركني مَعَك، وَذَلِكَ قبل أَن يسْتَوْجب العلق. وَقيل: شركَة عِنان: أَن يَكُونَا سَوَاء فِي العلق، لِأَن عِنان الدَّابَّة: طاقتان. قَالَ الْجَعْدِي يمدح قومه ويفتخر:

وشارَكْنا قُرَيْشا فِي تُقاها ... وَفِي أنْسابِها شِرْكَ العِنانِ

بِمَا وَلَدَتْ نِساءُ بني هلالٍ ... وَمَا وَلَدَتْ نِساءُ بني أبانِ

أَي ساويناهم. وَلَو كَانَ من الِاعْتِرَاض لَكَانَ هجاء.

وَفُلَان قصير العِنان: قَلِيل الْخَيْر، على الْمثل.

والعُنَّة: الحظيرة من الْخشب، تجْعَل لِلْإِبِلِ وَالْغنم تحبس فِيهَا. قَالَ ثَعْلَب: العُنَّة: الحظيرة تكون على بَاب الرجل، فَيكون فِيهَا إبِله وغنمه. وَمن كَلَامهم: " لَا يجْتَمع اثْنَان فِي عُنَّة "، وَجَمعهَا: عُنَن، قَالَ الْأَعْشَى:

تَرَى اللَّحمَ من ذابلٍ قد ذَوَى ... ورَطْبٍ يُرَقَّعُ فوقَ العُنَنْ

وعُنَّةُ الْقدر: الدِّقدان، قَالَ: عَفَتْ غيرَ أنآءٍ ومَنْصِبِ عُنَّةٍ ... وأوْرق من تحتِ الخَصَاصةِ هامِدِ

والعَنان: السَّحَاب. وَقيل: هِيَ السَّحَاب الَّتِي تمسك المَاء، واحدته: عَنانة.

وأعنان السَّمَاء: نَوَاحِيهَا. وعِنانها: مَا بدا لَك مِنْهَا إِذا نظرت إِلَيْهَا. وأعنان الشّجر: أَطْرَافه ونواحيه. وعِنان الدَّار: جَانبهَا الَّذِي يَعِنُّ لَك، أَي يعرض.

وَأما مَا جَاءَ فِي الحَدِيث من قَوْله عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاة وَالسَّلَام فِي وصف الْإِبِل: " أعنانُ الشَّياطين "، فانه أَرَادَ إِنَّهَا على أَخْلَاق الشَّيَاطِين. وَحَقِيقَة الأعْنان: النواحي.

وعَنّ الْكتاب يَعُنُّهُ عَنًّا، وعنَنَّه: كعَنْوَنه.

واعْتَنَّ مَا عِنْد الْقَوْم: أَي اعْلَم خبرهم.

وعَنْعَنَة تَمِيم: إبدالهم الْعين من الْهمزَة، كَقَوْلِهِم: " عَنْ " يُرِيدُونَ: " أنْ "، وَأنْشد يَعْقُوب:

فَلَا تُلهِكَ الدُّنْيا عنِ الدينِ واعْتَمِلْ ... لآخِرَةٍ لَا بُدَّ " عْنَ " سَتَصيرُها

عن

1 عَنَّ, aor. ـِ (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and عَنُّ, (S, Msb, K,) the former accord. to some relaters, and the latter accord. to others, occurring in a verse of a Hudhalee, (TA,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ (S, Msb, K) and عَنٌّ (Msb, K) and عُنُونٌ, the first of which is also [or is properly] a simple subst., (K, [and such, in one sense, it is said to be in the Msb, as will be shown in what follows,]) said of an affair, or event, (Msb,) or of a thing, (S, * K,) It appeared before one: (K:) [and] i. q. عَرَضَ (S, Mgh) and (S, K) اِعْتَرَضَ (S, Msb, K) [i. e. it appeared; it showed, presented, or offered, itself: it occurred: and it presented itself, or intervened between a person and an object before him, as an obstacle: it opposed itself]: and so ↓ اِعْتَنَّ. (S, K.) [See also عَنَنٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, فَعَنَّ لَنَا سِرْبٌ كَأَنَّ نِعَاجَهُ عَذَارَى دَوَارٍ فِى مُلَآءٍ مُذَيَّلِ (Mgh, TA, *) meaning, عَرَضَ, (TA,) i. e. and there appeared to us a herd of wild oxen, as though the females thereof were virgins making the circuit of Dawár, or Duwár, in long-skirted garments of the kind called مُلَآء; Dawár, or Duwár, being the name of an idol around which the people of the Time of Ignorance used to curcuit. (Mgh, * and EM pp. 46 and 47.) And one says, لَا أَفْعَلُهُ مَا عَنَّ فِى السَّمَآءِ نَجْمٌ, meaning مَا عَرَضَ [i. e. I will not do it as long as a star appears in the sky]. (S.) b2: And عَنَّ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـِ (Msb,) inf. n. عَنَنٌ, (TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb, TA,) and the inf. n. is عَنٌّ, (TA,) He opposed himself (اِعْتَرَضَ, Msb, or تَعَرَّضَ, TA) to another (Msb) from right and left, (TA,) or from either side of him, (Msb,) with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb, TA.) b3: And عَنَّ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, aor. ـِ [inf. n., app., عَنٌّ,] He turned aside, or away, from the thing. (Msb.) b4: Hence the saying of the lawyers, عَنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دُونَ أُخْرَى

[He turned away from one woman, not from another]; meaning he desired not one woman, but desired another: thus in the active form: and one may also say عُنَّ i. e. in the passive form [from one or another of the following significations of the trans. verb]. (Msb.) For the latter of these, and its var. عُنِنَ, see 2.

A2: عَنَنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّ دَابَّتَهُ He put a rein (عِنَان) to his beast. (TA.) And عَنَنْتُ الفَرَسَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb;) in the M [↓ عَنَّنْتُ,] with tesh-deed; (TA;) I withheld the horse by means of his عِنَان [or rein]; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَعْنَنْتُهُ: (K:) or الفَرَسَ ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ signifies I put a rein to the horse: (Msb:) and it is said in the T that الفَارِسُ ↓ أَعَنَّ means the horseman drew, or pulled, the rein of his beast, to turn him back, or away, from his course. (TA.) b3: And عَنَنْتُهُ, (Msb,) and عُنَّ, (Mgh,) I confined him, (Msb,) and he was confined, (Mgh,) in the عُنَّة i. e. the enclosure (Mgh, Msb) of the camels. (Mgh.) A3: عَنَنْتُ فُلَانًا I reviled such a one; vilified him; or gave a bad name to him. (K.) A4: See also Q. Q. 1.2 عَنَّنْتُ اللِّجَامَ: see 4. b2: عَنَّنْت الفَرَسَ: see 1, last quarter. b3: [Hence, perhaps,] عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, (Msb,) which see also voce عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places, He was pronounced by the judge (S, Msb, K) to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, (Msb, K,) or to have no desire for his wife: or to be withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination: (S, Msb, K:) and ↓ أُعِنَّ signifies the same; as also ↓ عُنَّ, (K, TA,) and ↓ عُنِنَ; and ↓ اعْتُنَّ. (TA. [Thus in the supplement to this art. in the TA; but it seems that the last of these verbs may be a mistranscription for أُعِنَّ, as this verb is there omitted, though the other verbs are mentioned, and followed by the part. ns. مَعْنُونٌ and مُعَنٌّ and مُعَنَّنٌ, but not مُعْتَنٌّ.]) b4: التَّعْنيِنُ also signifies The confining in a deep مَطْبَق [or subterranean prison]. (TA.) b5: And عَنَّنَتْ شَعَرَهَا, said of a woman, means شَكَلَتْ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ [i. e. She plaited together two locks of her hair, of the fore part of her head, on the right and left, and then bound them with her other pendent locks or plaits]. (TA.) A2: See also Q. Q. 1.3 المُعَانَّةُ and العِنَانُ signify المُعَارَضَةُ, (S, Msb, K, TA,) as inf. ns. of عَانَّهُ [meaning He did like as he (the latter) did: or he opposed him, being opposed by him]. (TA.) See, below, شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ: and also عُنَانَاكَ.4 أَعَنَّ [i. q. تَعَرَّضَ]. One says, ↓ أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ

مَا أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ, (S, K, but in the latter لا ادرى,) meaning I addressed, applied, or directed, myself to a thing (تَعَرَّضْتُ لِشَىْءٍ) not knowing what it was. (S, K.) A2: And أَعْنَنْتُهُ لِكَذَا I exposed him, or caused him to become exposed, (عَرَّضْتُهُ,) to such a thing; and I turned him to it, or towards it. (S.) A3: أَعْننْتُ اللِّجَامَ I put a rein (عِنَان) to the bit; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَنَّنْتُهُ, (S, * K,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ; (S;) and ↓ عَنَنْتُهُ. (K.) b2: See also 1, last quarter, in three places. b3: أُعِنَّ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ: see 2.5 تعنّن He (a man) abstained from women without his being incapacitated from going in to them, because of blood-revenge that he sought. (TA.) 8 اعتنّ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اِعْتَنَّ مَا عِنْدَهُمْ He became acquainted with their state, or case. (K.) A3: اعْتُنَّ: see 2.

R. Q. 1 عَنْعَنَةٌ [an inf. n. of which the verb is عَنْعَنَ] The substituting of ع for ء; [for instance,] saying عَنْ in the place of أَنْ: a practice of [the tribe of] Temeem: (S, K:) or, accord. to Fr, it is of the dial. of Kureysh and of those in their neighbourhood, and of Temeem and Keys and Asad and those in their neighbourhood: they change the أ of أَنَّ, with fet-h, into ع; but not when it is with kesr. (TA.) [See two instances in art. عنف, conj. 8.] b2: Hence, عَنْعَنَةُ المُحَدِّثِينَ [i. e. The saying of the relaters of traditions فُلَانٌ عَنْ فُلَانٍ عَنْ فُلَانٍ, suppressing the word رَوَى or حَدَّثَ or. سَمِعَ]: but this is said to be post-classical. (TA.) Q. Q. 1 عَنْوَنَ الكِتَابَ He put a superscription, or title, (عُنْوَان,) to the book, or writing; (S, * Msb;) or he wrote the عُنْوَان of the book, or writing; (K;) like عَلْوَنَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ عَنَّهُ, (S, K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَنٌّ, (TA,) signifies the same; as also ↓ عنّنهُ, (S, K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْنِينٌ, mentioned by Lh; (TA;) and عَنَّاهُ, (S, K, TA,) formed by changing one of the ن s [of عَنَّنَ] into ى. (S, TA.) [See also Q. Q. 1 in art. عنو.]

عَنْ is used in three manners: A2: First, it is a prep.: and as such it has ten meanings. (Mughnee, K.) b2: (1) It denotes transition; (Msb, Mughnee, K;) either sensibly or virtually; (Msb;) and the Basrees have mentioned no other meaning than this: (Mughnee:) or, as Sb expresses it, (Msb,) it denotes what has passed [or rather it denotes passage] from the thing [that is mentioned immediately after it]: (S, Msb:) Er-Rághib says that it necessarily denotes transition from that to the mention of which it is prefixed: and the grammarians say that it is applied to denote what has passed and become remote from thee. (TA.) Thus in the saying, سَافَرْتُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [I journeyed from the country, or town]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in رَغِبْتُ عَنْ كَذَا [I abstained from such a thing; and hence, I did not desire, or wish for, such a thing]. (Mughnee.) And رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot an arrow, or arrows, from the bow]; (S, Mughnee;) because by means of the bow one projects his arrow from the bow, and makes it to pass therefrom: (S:) but another meaning of this will be mentioned in what follows. (Mughnee.) and أَطْعَمْتُهُ عَنْ جُوعٍ [I fed him so as to free him from hunger]; (S, Msb;) making hunger to be quitted, and passed from: (S, * Msb:) and in this case, مِنْ is used in its place, (S, TA,) as in the Kur cvi. 3; (TA;) or the meaning in this instance is, because of hunger. (Jel.) And جَلَسْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ, [as though] meaning I sat passing away from the place of his right side, in sitting, to another place [adjacent thereto: but see another explanation near the end of the paragraph]. (Msb.) And اِنْصَرِفْ عَنِّى and تَنَحَّ عَنِّى [Turn thou, or go thou, away, or aside, from me]. (TA.) And أَخَذْتُ العِلْمَ عَنْهُ I understood, or became acquainted with, [or acquired,] knowledge, or science, from him; as though the understanding passed from him. (Msb.) [And similar to this is the phrase رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, for which عَنْ فُلَانٍ alone (the verb being understood) is often used, He related a tradition or traditions &c. as learned, or heard, or received, from such a one, or on the authority of such a one. In many other phrases also, some of which will be mentioned in treating of عَنْ as syn. with مِنْ, the former of these two prepositions is to be, or may be, expl. as denoting transition. For ex., one says, دَفَعَ عَنْهُ and دَافَعَ He repelled from him; and hence, he defended him: (see art. دفع:) and رَمَى عَنْهُمْ He shot in defence of them: (see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَعْبُولٌ:) and عَنْهُ is sometimes used for دِفَاعًا عَنْهُ; as in the phrase قَاتَلْتُ عَنْهُ I fought in defence of him; i. e., repelling from him. But the instances of this and other usages of عَنْ, exclusive of those mentioned in this paragraph, depending upon verbs or part. ns. expressed or obviously understood, are far too numerous to be here collected: many of these will be found among the explanations of words with which they occur.] b3: (2) It denotes a compensation; or something given, or received, or put, or done, instead, or in lieu, of another thing. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ii. 45], وَ اتَّقُوا يَوْمًا لَا تَجْزِى نَفْسٌ عَنْ نَفْسٍ شَيْئًا [And fear ye a day wherein a soul shall not give anything as a satisfaction for a soul, i. e. for another soul: or shall not make satisfaction for a soul at all; accord. to the latter rendering, شيئا being put in the accus. case after the manner of an inf. n.]. (Mughnee, K. *) And in the saying in a trad., صُومِى عَنْ أُمِّكِ [Fast thou for, or in lieu of, thy mother]. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It denotes superiority (الاِسْتِعْلَآء [as used tropically]); (Mughnee, K;) i. e. as syn. with عَلَى. (Mughnee.) Thus in the saying of Dhu-l-Isba' El-'Adwánee, لَاهِ ابْنُ عَمِّكَ لَا أَفْضَلْتَ فِى حَسَبٍ

عَنِّى وَلَا أَنْتَ دَيَّانِى فَتَخْزُوَنِى (S, Mughnee,) i. e. To God be attributed the excellence of the son of thy paternal uncle (the meaning being لِلّٰهِ دَرُّ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ), thou hast not become possessed of superiority, in grounds of pretension to respect or honour, above me, or over me, (عَلَىَّ,) nor art thou my governor that thou shouldst rule me; for the well-known mode is to say أَفْضَلْتُ عَلَيْهِ. (Mughnee.) [Thus too in the phrases تَعَظَّمَ عَنْهُ and تَعَاظَمَ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. عظم), and in the phrase تَجَالَّ عَنْهُ (expl. in art. جل), and the like.] And thus it has been said to be used in the phrase [in the Kur xxxviii. 31], إِنِّى أَحْبَبْتُ حُبَّ الْخَيْرِ عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى, meaning قَدَّمْتُهُ عَلَيْهِ [i. e. Verily I have preferred the love of good things above, or to, the remembrance, or praise, of my Lord]: but it is also said that it is here used in its proper manner, as dependent upon a denotative of state suppressed; the meaning being, مُنْصَرِفًا عَنْ ذِكْرِ رَبِّى [i. e. turning away from the remembrance, &c.]: and AO is related to have said that أَحْبَبْتُ is from أَحَبَّ, البَعِيرُ, signifying “ the camel lay down and did not become roused; ” and that the meaning is, I have become withheld by the love of good things from the remembrance, &c. (Mughnee.) and it is [said to be] used as denoting superiority or the like in the saying [in the Kur xlvii. last verse], فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نفْسِهِ [as though the meaning were He is niggardly only to himself (عَلَى نَفْسِهِ, for عَلَى is considered in this case as importing an ideal superiority); but the phrase may be better rendered, agreeably with the proper, or primary, signification of عَنْ, he withholds, with niggardliness, only from himself; as is indicated by Bd]. (Mughnee, K.) b5: (4) It denotes a cause. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur ix. 115], وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرٰهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَنْ مَوْعِدَةٍ [and Abraham's begging forgiveness for his father was not otherwise than because of a promise]. (Mughnee, K.) And thus in the saying [in the Kur xi. 56], وَمَا نَحْنُ بِتَارِكِى آلِهَتِنَا عَنْ قَوْلِكَ [And we are not, or will not be, relinquishers of our gods because of thy saying]: or the meaning may be, we do not, or will not, relinquish our gods, turning away (صَادِرِينَ, as a denotative of state relating to the pronoun [implied] in تاركى,) from thy saying; and this is the opinion of Z. (Mughnee.) [See also an ex. voce دَنْدَنَ, last sentence.] b6: (5) It is syn. with بَعْدَ. (S, Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xxiii. 42], عَمَّا قَلِيلٍ

لَيُصْبِحُنَّ نَادِمِينَ, (Mughnee, K,) meaning بَعْدَ قَلِيلٍ [i. e. After a little while, they will assuredly become repentant]. (TA.) And in the phrase [in the Kur lxxxiv. 19], لَتَرْكَبُنَّ طَبَقًا عَنْ طَبَقٍ

[expl. in art. طبق], meaning حَالَةً بَعْدَ حَالَةٍ. (Mughnee.) And in the saying, وَمَنْهَلٍ وَرَدْتُهُ عَنْ مَنْهَلٍ

[And to many a watering-place have I come after a watering-place]. (Mughnee.) And in the saying of El-Hárith Ibn-'Obád, قَرِّبَا مَرْبَطَ النَّعَامَةِ مِنِّى

لَقِحَتْ حَرْبُ وائِلٍ عَنْ حِيَالِ (S, * TA,) meaning بَعْدَ حِيَالٍ [i. e. Make ye two to be near to me the place of the tying of En-Na'ámeh (the name of a horse of the poet): the war of Wáïl has become pregnant after failing to be pregnant during a year, or years]. (TA.) And in the saying of Et-Tirimmáh, سَيَعْلَمُ كُلُّهُمْ أَنِّى مُسِنٌّ

↓ إِذَا دَفَعُوا عِنَانًا عَنْ عِنَانِ i. e. [All of them shall know that I am of full age, when they press forward] heat after heat. (TA.) b7: (6) It denotes the meaning of the preposition فِى. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, وَلَا تَكُ عَنْ حَمْلِ الرِّبَاعَةِ وَانِيَا [And be not thou remiss in bearing the responsibility of the obligation that thou takest upon thyself]; as is shown by the phrase, [in the Kur xx. 44], وَلَا تَنِيَا فِى ذِكْرِى: (Mughnee, K:) so it is said; but it seems that the meaning of وَنَى

عَنْ كَذَا is, “he passed from such a thing, not entering upon it; ” and وَنَى فِيهِ, “he entered upon it but was remiss, or languid: ” by الرِّبَاعَة is meant the payment of a bloodwit or the like. (Mughnee.) b8: (7) It is syn. with مِنْ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying [in the Kur xlii. 24], وَهُوَ الَّذِى يَقْبَلُ التَّوْبَةَ عَنْ عِبَادِهِ [And He is he who accepts repentance from his servants]. (AO, Mughnee, K.) Az mentions among the cases in which there is a difference between مِنْ and عَنْ, that the former has adjoined to it a noun signifying what is near; and the latter, [one signifying] what is remote; as in one's saying سَمِعْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [I heard from such a one a narrative], and حَدَّثَنِى عَنْ فُلَانٍ حَدِيثًا [He related to me a narrative from such a one, a phrase similar to رَوَى عَنْ فُلَانٍ, mentioned among exs. of the first meaning of عن]: accord. to As, one says, حَدَّثَنِى فُلَانٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ, meaning عَنْهُ [i. e. Such a one related to me from such a one]; and لَهِيتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ and عَنْهُ [I became diverted from such a one so as to forget him]: accord. to Ks, one says لَهِيتُ عَنْهُ only: and عَنْكَ جَآءَ هٰذَا as meaning مِنْكَ [i. e. From thee came this]. (TA.) b9: (8) It is syn. with بِ. (Mughnee, K.) Thus [it is said to be used] in the phrase [in the Kur liii. 3], وَمَا يَنْطِقُ عَنِ الْهَوَى [Nor does he speak with the desire of self-gratification]: (Mughnee, K:) but it seems that it is here used in its proper [or primary] sense; and that the meaning is, وَمَا يَصْدُرُ قَوْلُهُ عَنْ هَوًى [nor does his speech proceed from desire of self-gratification; so the phrase may be well rendered, nor does he speak from the desire &c.]. (Mughnee.) One says also, أَجَابُوا عَنْ بَوَآءٍ وَاحِدٍ, meaning بِجَوَابٍ وَاحِدٍ [i. e. They replied with one reply]. (T, S, O, K, all in art, بوأ.) And جَاؤُوا عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ [They came with the last of them; عَنْ being here syn. with بِ; meaning they came all, without exception]. (A in art. اخر.) [and in like manner, قَتَلُوهُمْ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ They slew them with the last of them; meaning they slew them all, without exception.] b10: (9) It denotes the using a thing as an aid or instrument. (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, رَمَيْتُ عَنِ القَوْسِ [I shot with, or by means of, the bow], accord. to Ibn-Málik; (Mughnee, K;) because one says also, رَمَيْتُ بِالقَوْسِ; both mentioned by Fr. (Mughnee.) [Another explanation of this phrase has been mentioned before.] b11: (10) It is redundant, to compensate for another [عن] suppressed (Mughnee, K.) Thus in the saying, أَتَجْزَعُ إِنْ نَفْسٌ أَتَاهَا حِمَامُهَا فَهَلَّا الَّتِى عَنْ بَيْنِ جَنْبَيْكَ تَدْفَعُ [Art thou impatient if the decreed event of death befall a soul? but why wilt not thou repel from, i. e. defend, that which is between thy two sides?]; (Mughnee, K;) the meaning being, تَدْفَعُ عَنِ الَّتِى بَيْنَ جَنْبَيْكَ; (IJ, Mughnee;) عن being suppressed before the conjunct noun [التى], and added after it. (Mughnee, K.) And sometimes it is redundant without compensation, when conjoined with a pronoun: Az says that the Arabs make عَنْكَ redundant in the phrase خُذْ ذَا عَنْكَ [meaning Take thou, or receive thou, this]: (TA:) [but خُذْ عَنْكَ is expl. in the S and L, in art. اخذ, as meaning خُذْ مَا أَقُولُ وَدَعْ عَنْكَ الشَّكَّ وَالمِرَآءَ: see 1 in art. اخذ:] and اُنْفُذْ عَنْكَ, occurring in a trad., is expl. as meaning دَعْهُ [i. e. Leave thou it]: (TA:) or this means go thou from thy place; pass thou from it. (L in art. نفذ.) [See also the last ex. in this paragraph.]

A3: The second manner of using it is, as a particle of the kind called مَصْدَرِىٌّ, [combining with an aor. following it to form an equivalent to an inf. n.,] as is done by the tribe of Temeem, (Mughnee, K, *) in what is termed their عَنْعَنَة: (K: [see R. Q. 1:]) they use it in the place of أَنْ; (S, Mughnee;) saying, أَعْجَبَنِى عَنْ تَفْعَلَ, (Mughnee, K,) for أَنْ تَفْعَلَ [meaning Thy doing such a thing pleased me]. (Mughnee.) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, أَعَنْ تَرَسَّمْتَ مِنْ خَرْقَآءَ مَنْزِلَةً

مَآءُ الصَّبَابَةِ مِنْ عَيْنَيْكَ مَسْجُومُ [Is thy having looked upon the traces of a place of abiding of thy beloved Kharkà the cause that the water of excessive love is shed from thine eyes?]. (S, Mughnee.) And thus they do in the case of أَنَّ; saying, مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ اللّٰهِ ↓ أَشْهَدُ عَنَّ [I acknowledge, or declare, or testify, that Mohammad is the apostle of God]. (Mughnee.) A4: The third manner of using it is, as a noun, in the sense of جَانِب, (Mughnee, K, *) or نَاحِيَة: (S:) and this is said to be in three cases. (Mughnee.) b2: (1) It is when مِنْ is prefixed to it; and this is of frequent occurrence: (Mughnee:) as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ أَرَانِى لِلرِّمَاحَ دَرِيْئَةً مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّةً وَأَمَامِى

[And verily I see me to be like a ring for the spears to be aimed at, from the side of my right hand at one time, and from before me at another time]: (Mughnee, K: *) and in the saying, جِئْتُ مِنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ I came from the side of his right hand. (S.) In the opinion of Ibn-Málik, مِنْ prefixed to عَنْ is redundant; but accord. to others, it is used [as expl. above,] to denote the beginning of a space between two limits: these say that قَعَدْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ means فِى جَانِبِ يَمِينِهِ [i. e. I sat in the side of his right hand], either closely or otherwise; but if you say مِنْ [before عَنْ], the sitting is particularized as being close to the first part of the lateral space. (Mughnee.) b3: (2) It is also when عَلَى is prefixed to it: (Mughnee:) thus in the saying, عَلَى عَنْ يَمِينِى مَرَّتِ الطَّيْرُ سُنَّحَا [On, or over, the side of my right hand, the birds passed along turning the right side towards me, or turning the left side towards me; the last word being a pl., accord. to analogy, of سَانِحٌ, which is used in two opposite senses]: (Mughnee, K:) but this usage is extraordinary; no other instance of it than that here cited having been preserved. (Mughnee.) b4: (3) It is also when what is governed by it in the gen. case and the agent of the verb in connection with it are two pronouns having one application: so says Akh: as in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, دَعْ عَنْكَ نَهْبًا صِيحَ فِى حَجَرَاتِهِ [or فَدَعْ عَنْكَ: see the entire verse cited and expl. in art. حجر]: but it is shown to be not a noun in such a case by this, that جَانِب may not take its place [unless used in a tropical sense]. (Mughnee. [See what has been said above, that عَنْكَ in a phrase of this kind is held to be redundant.]) عَنَّ for أَنَّ: see the next preceding paragraph, last quarter.

عَنٌّ: see أَعْنَانٌ. b2: إِنَّه يَأْخُذُ فِى كُلِّ عَنٍّ means the same as فى كلّ فَنٍّ [i. e. Verily he enters upon every mode, or manner, of speech or the like]; and so فى كلّ سَنٍّ. (TA.) عَنَّةٌ: see what next follows.

عُنَّةٌ The presenting, or opposing, oneself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ عَنَّةٌ, with fet-h, (Msb,) or ↓ عِنَّةٌ, with kesr. (TA.) b2: أَعْطَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (S,) or عَيْنَ عُنَّةَ, imperfectly decl., and sometimes عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ, (K,) means I gave to him distinguishing him particularly from among his companions: (S, K:) from العَنُّ signifying “ the presenting, or opposing, oneself. ” (TA.) And one says, رَأَيْتُهُ عَيْنَ عُنَّةٍ (S) or عُنَّةَ (K) I saw him just now, (S, K, TA,) presenting, or opposing, himself, (TA,) without my seeking him. (S, TA.) And أَعْنَنْتُ بِعُنَّةٍ مَا

أَدْرِى مَا هِىَ: see 4. (S, K.) A2: It is also the subst. from عُنِّنَ عَنِ امْرَأَتِهِ [i. e. a subst. signifying The state of being pronounced by the judge to be incapacitated from going in to his wife, or to have no desire for his wife: or of being withheld from her by enchantment, or fascination]: (S, Msb, * K:) or incapacity to go in to women: (Mgh, Msb:) or undesirousness of women: (Msb:) a word used in this sense by the lawyers; (Mgh, Msb;) who say, بِهِ عُنَّةٌ: (Msb:) but it is declared to be a low word, not allowable; (Mgh, Msb;) instead of which one should say ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, (Mgh,) or, accord. to Th and others, ↓ عَنَنٌ, and ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ, and accord. to the Bári', ↓ عَنَانَةٌ: (Msb:) [i. e.] ↓ عِنِّينَةٌ signifies undesirousness of women: (S:) or, as also ↓ عِنِينَةٌ, and ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينٌ, and ↓ تَعْنِينَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ عِنِّينِيَّةٌ, (TA,) it signifies thus, or non-performance of the act of going in to women, by reason of impotence. (K, TA.) A3: Also An enclosure (S, Mgh, Msb, K) made of wood, (S, Msb, K, TA,) or of trees, (TA,) for camels, (S, Mgh, K, *) or for camels and horses, (Msb,) or for camels and sheep or goats, to be confined therein: (TA:) or an enclosure at the door of a man, in which are his camels and his sheep or goats: (Th, TA:) pl. عُنَنٌ (S, K) and عِنَانٌ. (K.) لَا يَجْتَمِعُ اثْنَانِ فِى عُنَّةٍ [Two (app. meaning stallion-camels) will not be together in an enclosure for camels] is one of their sayings. (TA.) And one says, كالْمُهَدِّرِ فِى العُنَّةِ Like the brayer (meaning the braying stallion-camel) in the enclosure of trees, in which the stallion-camel is sometimes confined to prevent him from covering; such a stallion being hence termed ↓ معَنًّى, originally ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ: (Meyd:) it is a prov., applied to a man (Meyd, TA, and S and A and K in art. هدر) raising a cry and clamour, (S, K,) or threatening, (TA,) who does not make his saying, or action, to have effect; (S, * Meyd, K;) like the camel that is so confined, prevented from covering, and brays. (S, K.) b2: It is also said, by El-Bushtee and in the K, to signify A rope; and in a verse of El-Aashà, in which he mentions flesh-meat as put upon the عُنَن, this last word has been expl. as meaning ropes which are stretched, and upon which is thrown the flesh-meat that is cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun: but Az says that the right meaning is, the enclosures for camels; that he had seen such enclosures in the desert, thus called because facing the direction whence blows the north wind, to protect the camels from the cold of that wind; and that he had seen the people spread the flesh-meat cut into strips, or oblong pieces, and dried in the sun, upon them: he thinks that the word was expl. as meaning ropes by one who had seen the poor of the sacred territory extending ropes in Minè, and putting upon them the flesh of the victims of sacrifice that had been given to them. (TA.) b3: Also A booth by means of which one shades himself, made of panic grass (ثُمَام) or [probably a mistake for and] branches of trees. (IB, TA.) b4: And Reeds, or plants or herbage, which a man collects, to give, as fodder, to his sheep or goats: one says, جَآءَ بِعُنَّةٍ

عَظِيمَةٍ [He came with, or brought, a great collection of reeds, &c.]. (TA.) And one says, كُنَّا فِى عُنَّةٍ مِنَ الكَلَأِ, and غُنَّةٍ, and ثُنَّةِ, i. e. We were in abundant herbage. (TA.) A4: Also The دِقْدَان (thus [correctly, as will be shown by an explanation in what follows, confirmed by an ex. from a poet,] in more than one of the copies of the K, in the CK دَقْدان, in the copy of the K followed in the TA وقدان, and in the L رقدان,) of the cooking-pot: (K, TA:) MF read وقدان, and conjecturally, and from analogy, supposed it [to be وَقَدَان and] to mean غَلَيَان; but the word is arabicized from the Pers\. ديكدان, [correctly ديگدان, pronounced dēgdān,] a name for the thing upon which the cooking-pot is set up; and thus it [i. e. عُنَّةٌ] is expl. in the M and other lexicons [among which may be mentioned the L]: hence the saying of a poet, عَفَتْ غَيْرَ أَنْآءٍ وَمَنْصَبِ عُنَّةٍ

وَأوْرَقَ مِنْ تَحْتِ الخَصَاصَةِ هَامِدِ [It (the دار, or place of abode,) was effaced, save trenches dug around the tents to keep off the torrent, and the place of the setting-up of the support of the cooking-pot, and ashes beneath the space between the three stones that formed that support, in a state of extinction]. (TA.) عِنَّةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first sentence.

عَنَنٌ is a subst. [as well as an inf. n.] of عَنَّ; (Msb, K, TA;) [as such,] i. q. اِعْتِرَاضٌ [used as a simple subst., meaning Opposition]; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِنَانٌ: (K, TA:) or opposition of oneself to another, from either side of him, with an abominable, or evil, action. (Msb.) El-Hárith Ibn-Hillizeh says, عَنَنًا بَاطِلًا وَظُلْمًا كَمَا يُعْ تَرُ عَنْ حُجْرَةِ الرَّبِيضِ الظِّبَآءُ (TA,) meaning In wrong opposition, (اِعْتِرَاضًا بَاطِلًا), [and injurious conduct], like as when gazelles are sacrificed [in fulfilment of a vow] for what is due on the part of the flock of sheep, or herd of goats. (EM p. 281.) And it is said in a trad., بَرِئْنَا إِلَيْكَ مِنَ الوَثَنِ والعَنَنِ i. e. [We are clear, to thee,] of the idol (الصَّنَم) and opposition (الاِعْتِرَاض); as though saying, of associating another with God and of wrongdoing: or, as some say, the meaning [of the last word] in this case is disagreement, or opposition, or contravention, (الخِلَاف), and that which is wrong (البَاطِل). (TA.) And in another trad., دَهِمَتْهُ المَنِيَّةُ فِى عَنَنِ جِمَاحِهِ [Death came upon him suddenly in the opposition of his heedless, or inconsiderate, course]. (TA. [There expl. only by the words هُوَ مَا لَيْسَ بِقَصْدٍ.]) And one says, هُوَ لَكَ بَيْنَ الأَوْبِ وَالعَنَنِ, meaning [He is to thee in a state] between obedience and disobedience. (TA.) ↓ وَرْهَآءُ العِنَانِ, a phrase used by a poet, means [A woman foolish in] opposing herself, or intervening, in every discourse. (TA.) And العَنَنُ signifies also [particularly] Death's opposing itself, and preceding: (TA, JM:) occurring in a trad. of Sateeh [the Diviner]. (TA.) b2: See also عِنَانٌ, near the middle of the paragraph. b3: Also The place in which a person, or thing, presents, or opposes, himself, or itself. (TA.) b4: See also أَعْنَانٌ.

A2: And see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَنَانٌ Clouds: (S, Msb, K:) or, accord. to some, clouds appearing, or presenting themselves, or extending sideways, in the horizon; as also ↓ سَحَابٌ عَانٌّ: (TA:) such as retain the water: (K:) one whereof is termed ↓ عَنَانَةٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ عَانَّةٌ. (S.) b2: And عَنَانُ السَّمَآءِ, (Mgh, MF, TA,) in the K said to be ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, but the former is the right, (MF, TA,) The lofty region of the sky: (Mgh:) or what appears, of the sky, to one looking at it. (K. [See also أَعْنَانٌ.]) b3: And عَنَانُ الدَّارِ, likewise with fet-h, accord. to the K ↓ عِنَان, with kesr, which is wrong, (TA,) The side of the house, (K, TA,) that appears to one. (TA.) عِنَانٌ: see عَنَنٌ, in two places. b2: Also an inf. n. of 3 [q. v.]. (TA.) A2: And A certain appertenance of a horse or the like; (S, Msb;) [i. e. the rein;] the strap of the bridle, by means of which the horse, or similar beast, is withheld: (K:) [said to be] so called because it lies over against the mouth, not entering into it, (Msb,) or because its two straps lie over against the two sides of the neck of the beast, on the right and left: (TA:) pl. أَعِنَّةٌ (S, Msb, K) and عُنُنٌ, (K,) or, accord. to Sb, the former only. (TA.) [Sometimes it may be rendered The bridle; as in the first of the following phrases.] ثَنَيْتُ عَلَى الفَرَسِ عِنَانَهُ I put upon the horse his bridle. (TA.) فَرَسٌ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [A horse short in the rein] implies discommendation, as denoting shortness of the neck: [but] هُوَ قَصِيرُ العِنَانِ [said of a man] means قلِيلُ الخَيْرِ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) He is one possessing little, or no, good; or few, or no, good things; or little, or no, goodness]: and إِنَّهُ لَطَوِيلُ العِنَانِ [lit. Verily he is one whose rein is long] means, (assumed tropical:) an exalted person; of great chiefdom, or eminence. (TA.) رَجُلٌ طَرِفُ العِنَانِ (S, * K, TA, TK, in one of my copies of the S طَرفُ, and in the other طرَفُ, and in copies of the K طَرْقُ, [but correctly طَرِف, q. v., like كَتِف, as is said in the TK,]) means (tropical:) A man light, or active. (S, K, TA.) فُلَانٌ

أَبِىُّ العِنَانِ (assumed tropical:) Such a one is one who refuses the rein. (TA.) ذُو العِنَانِ applied to the horse means (assumed tropical:) The tractable, or submissive. (TA.) And ذَلَّ عِنَانُ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one became submissive. (TA.) ابْغ مِنْ عِنَانِهِ [in which the first word is written in my original thus, but it has been altered by the copyist, and I doubt not that it is correctly أَرْخِ, the phrase, reading thus, being well known, i. e. Slacken thou his rein,] means (assumed tropical:) ease thou him, or relieve him. (TA.) اِثْنِ عَلَىَّ عِنَانَهُ means Turn thou back [or bend thou] towards me his rein. (TA.) جَآء ثَانِيًا فِى عِنَانِهِ [thus in my original, but correctly مِنْ عنانه, as in the S in art. ثنى, i. e. He came bending a part of his rein, turning from his course,] means (assumed tropical:) he [came having] accomplished the object of his want. (TA.) مَلَأَ عِنَانَ دَابَّتِهِ (assumed tropical:) He made, or urged, his beast to run vehemently. (TA.) And [hence, app.,] اِمْتَلَأَ عِنَانُهُ (assumed tropical:) The utmost of his power, or ability, was accomplished. (TA.) هُمَا يَجْرِيَانِ فِى عِنَانٍ (assumed tropical:) They two are equal in excellence or otherwise. (TA.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A heat; or single run to a goal, or limit: one says, جَرَى الفَرَسُ عِنَانًا (assumed tropical:) The horse ran a heat: and كَبَا فِى عِنَانِهِ (assumed tropical:) He stumbled in his heat. (TA.) See also an ex., in a verse of Et-Tirimmáh, voce عَنْ, in the middle of the paragraph. And ↓ عَنَنٌ signifies the same, i. e. A heat of a beast: and also the beginning of speech: whence the prov., مُعْتَرِضٌ لِعَنَنٍ لَمْ يَعْنِهِ meaning (assumed tropical:) Addressing himself to that which is not of his business (مَا لَيْسَ مِنْ شَأْنِهِ). (Meyd.) b3: And A long rope or cord. (TA.) b4: And العِنَانُ signifies حَبْلُ المَتْنِ [The cord of the portion of the back along which extends the spine; app. meaning the spinal cord, also called medulla spinalis, considered as a single cord]: (K:) [but this consists of two lateral cords, connected together: and therefore, app., it is said that] عِنَانَا المَتْنِ signifies حَبْلَاهُ [the two cords of the مَتْن]. (S.) A3: شِرْكَةُ العِنَانِ is The copartnership of two persons in one particular thing, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) exclusive of the rest of the articles of property of either: (S, Msb, * K:) as though a thing presented itself to them (عَنَّ لَهُمَا, S, Mgh, Msb) and they bought it (S) and they then became copartners in it: (S, Mgh, Msb:) so says ISk: (Mgh:) or it is from the عِنَان of the horse, because each assigns to his companion the عنان of the free management of part of the property: (Mgh, Msb:) or because it is allowable for them to differ, like as does the عنان in the hand of the rider when pulled and when slackened: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Az, it is the case in which each of the two copartners produces deenárs or dirhems, which they mix together, and each gives permission to the other to traffic therewith: and the lawyers differ not in respect of its being lawful; if they gain upon the two sums, the gain being between them; and if they lose, the loss being on the head of each of them [equally]: the partnership of two persons in everything that is in their possession is called شِرْكَةُ المُفَاوَضَةِ [q. v.]: (TA:) or it is the case of one's competing with a man in the making of a purchase, and saying to him, “ Make me to be a partner with thee; ” this being before he [the purchaser] becomes entitled to الغَلَق, or الغِلْق, or العلق, or العَلَق: (K: [the last word in this explanation, thus written in four different ways in different copies of the K, following the words قَبْلَ أَنْ يَسْتَوْجِبَ, I think to be most probably الغَلَقَ, and to mean irredeemability by the seller, from غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ:]) or it is the case of two persons' being equal in partnership, (Z, Msb, K, TA,) in respect of what they contribute of gold or silver; and is from the عِنَان of the beast; (TA;) because the عنان of the beast consists of two equal single pieces: (Z, Msb, K, TA:) or it is from العِنَان as syn. with ↓ المُعَانَّة, meaning المُعَارَضَة; (Msb, TA;) because each of them does like as does the other in respect of his property [that he supplies] and in selling and buying. (TA.) See an ex. in a verse cited in art. شرك, conj. 3. b2: See also عَنَانٌ, in two places.

عَنُونٌ and ↓ عَانٌّ One who presents, or opposes, himself, with meddling, or impertinent, speech; with speech respecting that which does not concern him: pl. [of the former agreeably with analogy]

عُنُنٌ. (TA.) b2: And the former, A beast (دَابَّة) that precedes in journeying, or progress; (S, K, TA;) that vies with the [other] beasts in journeying, or progress, and precedes them; and applied to a wild ass in this sense. (TA.) عَنِينٌ One unable to retain the wind of his belly. (K.) b2: See also عِنِّينٌ.

عَنَانَةٌ: see عَنَانٌ: A2: and see also عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عِنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عُنَانَاكَ means The utmost of thy power, or ability, or of thy case: (S, K:) so in the saying, عُنَانَاكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا [The utmost of thy power, &c., is, or will be, thy doing such a thing]: (S:) as though from ↓ المُعَانَّةُ; (S, TA;) the case being that thou desirest to do a thing, and an obstacle intervenes in the way to it, preventing thee and withholding thee from it: (TA:) but it is disputed whether it be correctly thus, or غُنَامَاكَ. (IB, TA.) هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَلَى آنُفِ القَوْمِ He is wont to precede, or outstrip, the people, or party. (TA.) b2: and هُوَ عَنَّانٌ عَنِ الخَيْرِ He is [one who holds back from doing good, or] slow, or tardy, to do good. (K.) العَنُّونُ, of the measure فَعُّول, is an intensive epithet applied to the present world (الدُّنْيَا) [as meaning The offerer of much opposition]; because it opposes itself to mankind. (TA.) عِنِّينٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, * K, TA,) of the measure فِعِّيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, (S,) and ↓ عَنِينٌ, [thus written in two places in the TA, and written without teshdeed in my copy of the Msb, but in the latter case app. from carelessness of the copyist, for otherwise the well-known form عِنِّينٌ is not there mentioned,] of which (i. e. of عَنِينٌ) عُنُنٌ is pl., [which seems to show that عَنِينٌ is not a mistranscription for عِنِّينٌ, for فُعُلٌ is a measure of a pl. of many epithets of the measure فَعِيلٌ, as جَدِيدٌ and نَذِيرٌ &c., but not, to my knowledge, of any word of the measure فِعِّيلٌ,] (TA,) A man incapable of going in to women; (Mgh, Msb;) one who does not go in to women by reason of impotence: (K:) or, as some say, one who has connection with her who is not a virgin, but not with the virgin: (TA:) or a man who is not desirous of women: (S, K:) and ↓ مَعْنُونٌ and ↓ مُعَنٌّ (Msb, TA) and ↓ مُعَنَّنٌ (TA) signify the same. (Msb, TA.) And عِنِّينَةٌ signifies A woman not desirous of men: (S, Msb, * TA:) but there is disagreement in respect of the application of the epithet to a woman. (TA.) عِنِّينَةٌ, as a subst.: see عُنَّةٌ, former half, in two places.

عُنْوَانٌ and عِنْوَانٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ, (S, K,) the first of which is the most chaste, (S,) originally عُنَّانٌ, (K,) of a book, or writing, (S, Msb,) The superscription, or title, thereof: (TK:) what these words denote is thus called because it occurs (يَعِنُّ, K, TA, i. e. يَعْرِضُ, TA) in a bordering part thereof: (K, TA:) and they also signify [sometimes, as indicating the nature of the contents,] the preface of a book, or writing. (TK.) And Anything that serves as an indication of another thing is called its عُنْوَان. (Msb, K.) One says, الظَّاهِرُ عُنْوَانُ البَاطِنِ, meaning The outward state of the man is the indication of the inward state. (TK.) And one says of a man who speaks obliquely, not plainly, جَعَلَ كَذَا عُنْوَانًا لِحَاجَتِهِ He made such a thing to be an indication of his want. (TA.) [See also art. عنو.]

عُنْيَانٌ and عِنْيَانٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عِنِّينِيَّةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

عَانٌّ and عَانَّةٌ: see عَنَانٌ. b2: And for the former, see also عَنُونٌ. b3: Also, the former, A long mountain (جَبَل), (K, TA, in some copies of the K حَبْل [i. e. rope],) that presents itself in the direction in which one is going, and interrupts his way. (TA.) أَعْنَانٌ The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of anything: (Yoo, TA:) this is the proper signification: (TA:) [hence,] أَعْنَانُ السَّمَآءِ [in one of my copies of the S السَّحَابِ, but altered from السَّمَآءِ,] means The sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, of the sky: (K:) or the surfaces thereof, and what present themselves to view of the sides, quarters, tracts, or regions, thereof; as though pl. of ↓ عَنَنْ, (S, TA,) or of ↓ عَنٌّ: (TA:) the vulgar say عِنَانُ السَّمَآءِ. (S, TA.) b2: And [it is said that]

أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ means The natural dispositions of the devils. (K.) It is said of camels, in a trad., خُلِقَتْ مِنْ أَعْنَانِ الشَّيَاطِينِ [as though meaning They are created of the natural dispositions of the devils]: and in another trad., أَعْنَانُ الشَّيَاطِينِ occurs as said [app. by Mohammad] in answer to a question respecting camels: [but] accord. to IAth, the meaning seems to be, that, by reason of their many evil affections, they are as though they were from the tracts of the devil in respect of their natural dispositions. (TA.) تَعْنِينَةٌ: see عُنَّةٌ, former half.

مُعَنٌّ: see عِنِّينٌ.

مِعَنٌّ One who enters into that which does not concern him, and interferes in everything; (K;) i. q. عِرِّيضٌ, (S,) or عَرِّيضٌ مِتْيَحٌ: (TA: [see these two words:]) fem. with ة (S, K.) b2: and An orator, or a preacher; syn. خَطِيبٌ: (S, K:) or an eloquent خطيب. (TA.) A2: See also the next paragraph.

مُعَنَّنٌ: see عِنِّينٌ: b2: and see also مُعَنًّى, in art. عنو.

A2: مُعَنَّنَةُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A girl, or young woman, compact in make; (K, TA;) [as though] compactly twisted like the عِنَان [or rein]: (A, TA:) and ↓ مِعَنَّةٌ (assumed tropical:) a woman compact in make, not flabby in the belly. (TA.) A3: See also عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مُعَنًّى: see عُنَّةٌ, near the middle.

مَعْنُونٌ [pass. part. n. of 1, q. v.

A2: And] i. q. عِنِّينٌ; q. v. (Msb, TA.) b2: And Possessed; or mad, or insane. (K, TA.)

الظّلمة

Entries on الظّلمة in 1 Arabic dictionary by the author Al-Tahānawī, Kashshāf Iṣṭilāḥāt al-Funūn wa-l-ʿUlūm
الظّلمة:
[في الانكليزية] Darkness
[ في الفرنسية] Obscurite
بالضم والسكون هي عدم الضوء عما من شأنه أن يكون مضيئا، فالتقابل بينها وبين الضوء تقابل العدم والملكة، والدليل على أنّها أمر عدمي رؤية الجالس في الغار المظلم الخارج عنه إذا وقع على الخارج ضوء بلا عكس، أي لا يرى الخارج الجالس وما هو إلّا لأنّه ليس الظلام بأمر حقيقي قائم بالهواء مانع للإبصار، إذ لو كان كذلك لم ير أحد بها الآخر أصلا بوجود العائق عن الرؤية بينهما، فتعيّن أنها عدم الضوء، وحينئذ ينتفي شرط كون الجالس في الغار مرئيا دون شرط كون الخارج مرئيا فيرى.
وقيل الظلمة كيفية وجودية مضادّة للضوء كما أنّ شرط الرؤية ضوء يحيط بالمرئي لا الضوء مطلقا ولا الضوء المحيط بالرائي، فكذلك العائق عن الرؤية ظلمة تحيط بالمرئي لا الظلمة المحيطة بالرّائي ولا الظلمة مطلقا، فلذلك اختلف حال الجالس والخارج. وقد استدلّوا على وجودها أيضا بقوله تعالى وَجَعَلَ الظُّلُماتِ وَالنُّورَ فإنّ المجعول لا يكون إلّا موجودا. وأجيب بالمنع فإنّ الجاعل كما يجعل الوجود يجعل العدم الخاص كالعمى، وإنّما المنافي للمجعولية العدم الصرف كما في الَّذِي خَلَقَ الْمَوْتَ وَالْحَياةَ اعلم أنّ منهم من جعل الظلمة شرطا لرؤية بعض الأشياء كالتي تلمع من الكواكب والشعل البعيدة ولا ترى في النهار، وما ذلك إلّا لكون الظلمة شرطا للرؤية. وردّ ذلك بأنّ ذلك ليس لتوقّف الرؤية على الظلمة بل لأنّ الحسّ غير منفعل بالليل عن الضوء القوي كما في النهار فينفعل عن الضوء الــضعيف ويدركه. ولما كان في النهار منفعلا عن ضوء قوي لم ينفعل عن الــضعيف فلم يحس به، وذلك كالهباء الذي يرى في البيت إذا وقع عليه الضوء من الكوّة ولا يرى في الشمس لأنّ بصر الإنسان حينئذ يصير مغلوبا لضوئها فلا يقوى إحساس الهباء بخلاف ما إذا كان في البيت فإنّ بصره ليس هنا منفعلا عن ضوء قوي، فلا جرم يدرك حينئذ، كذا في شرح المواقف في بحث المبصرات.

تسلسل

Entries on تسلسل in 2 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Aḥmadnagarī, Dastūr al-ʿUlamāʾ, or Jāmiʿ al-ʿUlūm fī Iṣṭilāḥāt al-Funūn and Al-Sharīf al-Jurjānī, Kitāb al-Taʿrīfāt
التسلسل: هو ترتيب أمور غير متناهية، وأقسامه أربعة: لأنه لا يخفى؛ إما إن يكون في الآحاد المجتمعة في الوجود، أو لم يكن فيها، كالتسلسل في الحوادث والأول إما أن يكون فيها ترتيب أو لا، والثاني كالتسلسل في النفوس الناطقة، والأول إما أن يكون ذلك الترتيب طبيعيًا كالتسلسل في العلل والمعلولات والصفات والموصفات، أو وضعيًا كالتسلسل في الأجسام، والمستحيل عند الحكيم الأخير دون الأولين.
تسلسل: يُقَال التسلسل المَاء أَي جرى فِي حدور. وَفِي الِاصْطِلَاح ترَتّب أُمُور غير متناهية مجتمعة فِي الْوُجُود وعَلى بُطْلَانه دَلَائِل شَتَّى كبرهان التطبيق والبرهان السّلمِيّ وَغَيرهمَا. وأقومها وأحكمها كَمَا قَالُوا إِنَّه بَاطِل لِأَن الْأُمُور الْغَيْر المتناهية المترتبة المجتمعة تكون معروضة لعدد الْبَتَّةَ فَإِذا ضعفنا ذَلِك الْعدَد على مثله تــضعيفــا عقليا إجماليا فبالضرورة يكون عدد التَّــضْعِيف أَزِيد من عدد الأَصْل الَّذِي هُوَ الْمَزِيد عَلَيْهِ وكل عددين أَحدهمَا أَزِيد من الآخر فَزِيَادَة الزَّائِد إِنَّمَا يتَصَوَّر بعد انصرام جَمِيع أحاد الْمَزِيد عَلَيْهِ فَإِن المبدأ لَا يتَصَوَّر الزِّيَادَة عَلَيْهِ وَإِلَّا لم يبْق مبدأ وَهَذَا خلف. وَأما الأوساط فمنتظمة مُتَوَالِيَة فَحِينَئِذٍ لَو كَانَ الْمَزِيد عَلَيْهِ غير متناه لزم الزِّيَادَة فِي جَانب عدم التناهي وَهُوَ بَاطِل لِأَن الزِّيَادَة إِنَّمَا تتَصَوَّر بعد التناهي وتناهي الْعدَد يسْتَلْزم تناهي الْمَعْدُود. وَفِيه أَن التَّــضْعِيف من خَواص الْأَعْدَاد المتناهية ففرضه فِي الْأُمُور الْغَيْر المتناهية فرض محَال فَجَاز أَن يسْتَلْزم محالا آخر وَهُوَ تناهي غير المتناهي.
وَقد أَجمعُوا أَن التسلسل جَائِز فِي الْأُمُور الاعتبارية وَلَيْسَ مَعْنَاهُ أَن التسلسل يتَحَقَّق فِيهَا وَلَا يُمكن إِبْطَاله بالدلائل المبطلة بل مَعْنَاهُ أَن التسلسل لَا يتَحَقَّق فِيهَا لوَجْهَيْنِ: الأول: أَنَّهَا تَنْقَطِع بِانْقِطَاع الِاعْتِبَار. وَالثَّانِي: أَن الثَّانِي فِيهَا يكون عين الأول فَإِن وجود الْوُجُود عين الْوُجُود وَصُورَة الصُّورَة عين الصُّورَة وَاخْتِيَار الِاخْتِيَار عين الِاخْتِيَار. فَإِنَّكُم إِذا اعترفتم بِانْقِطَاع السلسلة فِي الاعتباريات فَلَيْسَ فِي الْوُجُود وَالِاعْتِبَار إِلَّا المتناهي فقولكم التسلسل فِيهَا لَيْسَ بمحال كَاذِب لِأَن التسلسل ترَتّب الْأُمُور الْغَيْر المتناهية وَهَا هُنَا لَيْسَ كَذَلِك. قلت إِنَّه صَادِق لِأَن صدق السالبة لَا يَسْتَدْعِي وجود الْمَوْضُوع بل قد يصدق بانتفائه فها هُنَا كَذَلِك.

التدليس

Entries on التدليس in 3 Arabic dictionaries by the authors Al-Barakatī, al-Taʿrīfāt al-Fiqhīya, Al-Munāwī, al-Tawqīf ʿalā Muhimmāt al-Taʿārīf and Al-Tahānawī, Kashshāf Iṣṭilāḥāt al-Funūn wa-l-ʿUlūm
التدليس: هو عند الفقهاء، إخفاء عيب السلعة وكتمانُه عن المشتري، وعند المحدثين: تدليس الإسناد هو أن يروي عمن لقيه ولم يسمعه منه موهماً أنه سمعه منه، أو عمن عاصره ولم يَلْقَه موهماً أنه لقيه أو سمعه منه.
التدليس: في البيع، كتمان عيب السلعة عن المشتري وإخفاؤه، وفي الحديث قسمان: تدليس إسناد: وهو أن يروى عمن لقيه ولم يسمع منه موهما أنه سمعه، أو من عاصره ولم يلقه موهما أنه لقيه. والآخر تدليس الشيوخ: وهو أن يروي عن شيخ حديثا سمعه منه فيسميه أو يكنيه أو يصفه بما لم يعرف به لئلا يعرف، كقول ابن حجر: حدثنا أحمد الصحراوي، وهو يعني شيخ الإسلام وفي الدين العراقي لئلا يعرف، فهو من أقرانه لأنه عداد مشايخه وقد احتاج للرواية عنه.
التدليس:
[في الانكليزية] Cheating ،smuggling ،swindle ،disguise
[ في الفرنسية] Fraude ،escroquerie ،deguisement ،dol
باللام في اللغة عيب كالا پوشيدن واختلاط واشتداد ظلام- إخفاء العيب في السلعة، واختلاط الظلام وشدّته-. وعند السبعية هو دعوى موافقة أكابر الدين والدنيا ويجيء في لفظ السبعية. وعند المحدّثين هو إسقاط الراوي من إسناد الحديث بحيث يكون السقط من الإسناد خفيا أي غير واضح، فلا يدركه إلّا الأئمة الحذّاق المطّلعون على طريق الحديث وعلل الإسناد، وذلك الحديث يسمّى مدلسا بفتح اللام وفاعل هذا الفعل يسمّى مدلّسا بكسر اللام.

والمدلّس ثلاثة أقسام: الأول أن يسقط اسم شيخه الذي سمع ذلك الحديث منه ويرتقي إلى شيخ شيخه أو من فوقه فيسند ذلك بلفظ لا يقتضي الاتصال بل بلفظ موهم له، فلا يقول أخبرنا أو ما في معناه، بل يقول عن فلان أو قال فلان أو أنّ فلانا قال موهما بذلك أنّه سمعه ممن رواه عنه، وإنّما يكون تدليسا إذا كان المدلّس قد عاصر الذي روى عنه أو لقيه ولم يسمع منه أو سمعه لكن من غيره. مثال ذلك ما روي عن علي بن حشرم قال عن ابن عيينة قال الزهري فقيل له أحدّثك الزهري؟

فسكت ثم قال: قال الزهري، فقيل له أسمعت من الزهري؟ فقال لم أسمعه من الزهري ولا ممن سمعه من الزهري. حدّثني عبد الرزاق عن معمر عن الزهري، وهذا مكروه جدّا، فلا يقبل ممن عرف بذلك إلّا ما صرّح فيه باتّصال كسمعت، والثاني تدليس التسوية بأن يسقط الــضعيف من الإسناد، وصورته أن يروي حديثا عن شيخ ثقة وذلك الثقة يرويه عن ضعيف عن ثقة فيسقط المدلّس الــضعيف من السند ويجعل الحديث عن شيخه الثقة عن الثقة الثاني فيستوى الإسناد كله ثقات، وهذا أشرف أقسام التدليس لأن الثقة الأول قد لا يكون معروفا بالتدليس ويجده الواقف على السند كذلك بعد التسوية، فقد روى به عن ثقة آخر فيحكم له بالصحة، وفي هذا غرور شديد. والثالث تدليس الشيوخ بأن يسمّي المدلّس شيخه الذي سمع منه بغير اسمه المعروف أو بنسبه أو بصفته بما لم يشتهر به كيلا يعرف وهو جائز لقصد تيقظ الطالب واختباره ليبحث عن الرواة.
فائدة:
الفرق بين المدلّس والمرسل الخفي هو أنّ التدليس يختص بمن روى عمّن عرف لقاؤه إياه، فأمّا إن عاصره ولم يعرف أنه لقيه فهو المرسل الخفي. ومن أدخل في تعريف التدليس المعاصرة ولو بغير لقي لزمه دخول المرسل الخفي في تعريفه. والصواب التفرقة بينهما.
ويدلّ على ذلك إطباق المحدّثين على أنّ رواية المخضرمين كأبي عثمان وقيس بن أبي حازم عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم من قبيل الإرسال لا من قبيل التدليس، ولو كان المعاصرة تكفي في التدليس لكان هؤلاء مدلّسين لأنهم عاصروا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولكن لم يعرف هل لقوه أم لا. وليس معنى المخضرمين إلّا جماعة تكون في عصره صلى الله عليه وسلم ولم يعرف هل لقوه أم لا.
وممن قال باشتراط اللقي في التدليس الإمام الشافعي وأبو بكر الرازي وكلام الخطيب في الكفاية يعضده وهو المعتمد، هكذا يستفاد من شرح النخبة وشرحه والإرشاد الساري.
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