هز

1 هَزَّهُ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and هَزَّ بِهِ, [respecting which see what is said on an ex. below,] (A, K,) aor. ـُ (A, Msb,) inf. n. هَزٌّ, (S, A, Msb,) [He shook it;] he put it in motion, or into a state of commotion; (S, A, Msb, K;) as also ↓ هزّزهُ, (S, K,) and هزّز بِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. تَهْزِيزٌ; (K;) and ↓ هَزْهَزَهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. هَزْهَزَةٌ; (TA;) meaning, he made it move by pulling and pushing; or he made it move to the right and left: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, he did so with violence, or vehemence. (TA.) It is said that هَزَّ is trans. by itself, and by means of بِ, like أَخَذَ and تَعَلَّقَ: it is trans. in the latter manner in the Kur., [xix. 25,] where it is said, وَهُزِّى إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ [And shake thou towards thee the trunk of the palm-tree], i. e. حَرِّكِى: but ISd says, that the verb is here made trans. by means of ب because it is used in the sense of جُرِّى: and MF says, that, properly, it is not trans. by means of ب. (TA.) Yousay, هَزَّ السَّيْفَ وَغَيْرَهُ [He shook the sword, &c.] (A.) And هَزَّتِ الرِّيحُ الأَغْصَانَ, (A,) and الشَّجَرَ, and ↓ هَزَّزَتْهَا, (S,) [The wind shook the branches, and the trees,] and هَزَّتِ النَّبَاتَ it shook (حَرَّكَت) the plants: but this has also a tropical signification, which see below. (TA.) b2: You say also, أُهُزُّ كَتِفِى, and مَنْكِبِى, (tropical:) [lit., I shake my shoulderblade, and my shoulder-joint;] meaning, I walk with an elegant and a proud and self-conceited gait; I behave with pride and self-conceitedness. (Mgh.) And هَزَّ عِطْفَيْهِ لِكَذَا (tropical:) [lit., He shook his sides at such a thing app. meaning, he was active, or prompt, and brisk, or was moved with alacrity, to do such a thing, or he was rejoiced at such a thing: like ↓ اِهْتَزَّ لَهُ, q. v.]: and in like manner, هَزَّ مَنْكِبَيْهِ. (A.) [In like manner also you say,] هَزَّ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْ عِطْفَى [app. meaning, accord. to a gloss cited by De Sacy in his Anthol. Gr. Ar., p. 309, (tropical:) What I saw rejoiced me: or, as rendered by him, p. 286, ce dont j'étois temoin, réveilla en moi le courage.] (Z, in his preface to the Keshsháf.) And هَزَّ الإِبِلَ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. هَزٌّ (TA) and هَزِيزٌ, (S, K, TA,) (tropical:) He (a man urging his beasts by singing) made the camels to be brisk, or sprightly, by his singing to urge them. (S, * A, K.) And هَزَّهَا السَّيْرُ (tropical:) [The journeying made them to be brisk, or sprightly]. (TA.) And هَزَّ بِهِ السَّيْرُ (assumed tropical:) The pace brought him on quickly. (TA.) And هَزَزْتُ فُلَانًا لِخَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) I made such a one to rejoice [or to be prompt and brisk (see the quasi-pass., 8,) to do good]: said of a generous man: (En-Nadr, TA:) and ↓ هَزْهَزْتُهُ and هَزْهَزْتُ مِنْهُ [app. signify the same]. (A.) And جَآءَ فُلَانٌ يَهُزُّ المَشْىَ, and يَهُضُّهُ, (assumed tropical:) Such a one came walking impulsively: (JK in art. هض:) or with a graceful gait, impulsively. (Ibn-El-Faraj, TA, in art. هض.) b3: You also say, of a plant, or herbage, الرِّيَاحُ وَالأَمْطَارُ ↓ هَزَّتْهُ (tropical:) The winds and the rains made it to become tall. (A, TA. *) b4: هَزَّ الكَوْكَبُ: see 8. b5: [مَهَزَّةٌ seems to be an inf. n. of هَزَّهُ.] Yousay رُمْحٌ لَدْنُ المَهَزَّةِ (S, TA, art. عرص,) [app. for عِنْدَ المَهَزَّةِ] A spear that vibrates, or quivers, when shaken. (TA, ibid.) 2 هَزَّّ see 1, in two places.5 تَهَزَّّ see 8.8 اهتزّ, (inf. n. اِهْتِزَازٌ,) quasi-pass. of هَزَّهُ, (TA,) [It shook; or quivered;] it became in motion, or in a state of commotion; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ تهزّز, (S, K,) quasi-pass. of هزّزهُ; (TA;) and ↓ تَهَزْهَزَ, (S, A, K,) [quasi-pass. of هَزْهَزَهُ; meaning, accord. to explanations of هَزَّهُ in the TA, it became moved by being pulled and pushed; or it became moved to the right and left: or it became so moved with violence, or vehemence.] b2: اهتزّ المِآءُ فى جَزْيِهِ (tropical:) [app. the water quivered in its running]: and الكَوْكَبُ فِى انْقِضَاضِهِ (tropical:) [the star in its shooting, or darting, down]: (S, A, TA:) and اهتزّ الكَوْكَبُ (tropical:) the star shot, or darted, down [app. with a quivering motion]; (O, L, TA;) as also هَزَّ. (A, K.) b3: اهتزّ المَوْكِبُ (tropical:) The procession, or cavalcade, went quickly: (En-Nadr, TA:) or made a noise and clamour. (S.) b4: اهتزّت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels, being urged on by the singing of their driver, became brisk, or sprightly. (S, * A, TA.) Yousay also, اهتزّ لِأَمْرٍ (tropical:) He was, or became, active, or prompt, and brisk, or cheerfully excited, at a thing, or to do a thing. (TA.) [Ex.] اهتزّ لِخَيْرٍ (tropical:) He rejoiced [or was active or prompt, &c., to do good]: said of a generous man. (En-Nadr, TA.) and هُوَ يَهْتَزُّ لِلْمَعْرُوفِ (tropical:) [He rejoices, or is active, or prompt, &c., to do what is beneficent, or kind]. (A.) [Hence the saying,] فُلَانٌ لَا يَهْتَزُّ وَلٰكِنَّهُ يَكُتَزُّ (tropical:) [Such a one does not rejoice, &c., to give, but he shrinks from giving]. (A, TA, art. كز.) [Hence also,] إِهُتَزَّ عَرْشُ الرَّحْمَانِ لِمَوْتِ سَعْدٍ (tropical:) The empyrean of the Compassionate rejoiced at the death of Saad; (En-Nadr, IAth, K, TA;) meaning Saad Ibn-Mo'ádh; (TA;) i. e., when he [meaning his soul] was taken up; (IAth, TA;) because of the honour in which he was held by his Lord; (K;) or the inhabitants of the empyrean rejoiced at his death: these words occur in a trad., of which there is another relation, اهتزّ العَرْشُ: and some say, that by العرش is meant the bier upon which Saad was removed to his grave. (TA.) Youalso say, إِلَيْهِ قَلْبِى ↓ تَهَزْهَزَ (tropical:) My heart became moved by a cheerful, or joyful, affection towards him. (K, TA.) b5: اهتزّ النَّبَاتُ (tropical:) The plant, or herbage, became tall. (A, TA.) b6: اهتزّت الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The land produced plants, or herbage: (A:) or became put in motion, and produced plants, or herbage. (TA.) R. Q. 1 هَزْهَزَهُ, and هَزْهَزْتُهُ, and هَزْهَزْتُ مِنْهُ: see 1. b2: Also, the first, (inf. n. هَزْهَزَةٌ, TA,) (tropical:) He subdued him, or rendered him submissive; syn ذَلَّلَهُ. (K, * TA.) R. Q. 2 تَهَزْهَزَ: see 8, in two places. b2: Also, (tropical:) He became subdued, or submissive; quasi-pass. of هَزْهَزَهُ. (TA.) هَزَّةٌ (tropical:) Brisk and rejoicing to do evil or mischief; applied to a woman: pl. هَزَّاتٌ. (A, TA.) هِزَّةٌ (tropical:) Briskness, or sprightliness: (S, K:) and (tropical:) briskness, sprightliness, alacrity, or cheerfulness, disposing one to promptness in acts of liberality, kindness, and beneficence; or liberality of disposition; syn. أَرْيَحِيَّةٌ; (K;) and [in like manner]

↓ هَزِيزٌ (tropical:) briskness, or sprightliness, of camels when urged on by the singing of their driver. (A, TA.) b2: (tropical:) A kind of pace, or manner of going, of camels; (As, K;) when the train goes quickly: (As, * En-Nadr, TA:) or a state of commotion of a train or procession or cavalcade: (ISd, TA.) or the confused sound thereof. (IDrd, TA.) b3: b4: (tropical:) The sound of the boiling of a cooking-pot: (S, K:) (assumed tropical:) the reiterating sound of thunder; as also ↓ هَزِيزٌ (K:) which latter has likewise the following similar significations: (assumed tropical:) a sound, or noise; (K:) as, for instance, a sound, or noise, of turning of a mill; as also أَزِيزَّ [inf. n. of أَزَّ]: (TA:) and (tropical:) the murmuring of the wind (S, K) when it shakes the trees: (S:) or the sound of the blowing of the wind: (TA:) or the lightness of the wind, and the quickness of its blowing. (A, TA.) هَزِيزٌ: see هِزَّةٌ.

هَزَائِزُ (assumed tropical:) Difficulties, afflictions, or calamities: [a pl.] having no singular. (Th, TA.) كَوْكَبٌ هَازٌّ (tropical:) [A star shooting, or darting, down; or quivering in doing so: see 8]. (S, TA.) هَزْهَزَةٌ: see R. Q. 1, of which it is the inf. n.: and see هَزَاهِزُ.

هَزَاهِزُ [app. pl. of هَزْهَزَةٌ] Seditions, or discords, or dissensions, (فِتَنٌ,) in which people are in a state of commotion: (S, Msb:) or wars and difficulties or afflictions or calamities that put into a state of commotion: (A:) or the excitement of commotion in men, by trials, or trying events, and by wars; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ هَزْهَزَةٌ. (K.)

هت

1 هَتَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. هَتِيتٌ, He (a بَكْر, or young camel,) uttered a sound resembling a squeezing of the voice (شبه العصر للصوت): you say, of a بكر, observes Az, يَهِتُّ, inf. n. as above; then, يَكِشُّ, inf. n. كَشِيشٌ then يَهْدِرُ, inf. n. هَدِيرٌ. (L.) b2: هَتَّ الهَمْزَةَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He uttered the letter hemzeh. (L.) [See مَهْتُوتٌ.] b3: هت, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He uttered, recited, or repeated, a speech or the like, with uninterrupted fluency; syn. سَرَدَ (S, L, K) and تَابَعَ. (L.) b4: [Hence] هَتَّتْ غَزْلَهَا, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, She spun her thread one part immediately after another: (TA:) she spun her thread continuously: (Az:) هَتٌّ signifies a woman's spinning thread continuously. (K.) A2: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ; and ↓ هَتْهَتَ, inf. n. هَتْهَتَةٌ; He broke a thing, (K,) so that it became reduced to small fragments, or particles: (TA:) he stamped upon a thing vehemently, so that he broke it. (TA.) b2: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He rent clothes. (IAar, K.) b3: Also, (assumed tropical:) He rent the reputation of another. (IAar, K.) A3: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He removed the leaves of a tree [by rubbing or scraping the branches]; syn. حَتَّ; (K [in the CK, هَتّ, is put for حتّ;]) i. e. he took them. (TA.) A4: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, He poured out, or forth, [water, &c.] (K.) b2: هَتَّ المَزَادَةَ He poured out, or forth, [the contents of] the مزادة. (TA.) b3: هَتَّ شَيْئًا He poured out, or forth, one part or portion of a thing immediately after another. (TA.) b4: السَّحَابَةُ تَحُتُّ المَطَرَ The cloud pours forth the rain continuously. (TA.) A5: هَتَّ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَتٌّ, he lowered (حَطَّ) a person with respect to rank, or dignity, in [the manner of] paying honour [to him]. (IAar, K.) [Comp. هبت.] R. Q. 1 هَتْهَتَ He urged a camel (زَجَرَهُ) on the occasion of drinking, by the cry هَتْ هَتْ. (AHeyth, K.) See هَتْ, below. b2: هَتْهَتَ, inf. n. هَتْهَتَةٌ; as also تَهْتَهَ; He twisted, or distorted, his tongue in speaking. (Az.) b3: Also هتهت; (and ↓ هَتَّ, TA, [aor. ـِ He was quick, or rapid, in his speech. (K.) b4: See هَتَّ.

هَتْ, (TA,) or هَتْ هَتْ, (K,) A cry by which a camel is urged (يُزْجَرُ) on the occasion of drinking. (K.) b2: إِذَا وَقَّفْتَ البَعِيرَ عَلَى الرَّدْهَةِ فَلَا تَقُلْ لَهُ هَتْ; or, as some say, فَلَا تُهَتْهِتْ بِهِ; [When thou hast made the camel to stand over the hollow in the rock in which the rain-water has collected, say not to him هَتْ]. A proverb; meaning, accord. to AHeyth, when thou hast shewn a man his right course of conduct, do not urge him. (TA.) b3: هَتُّ قَوَائِمِ البَعِيرِ The sound of the falling of the camel's feet [upon the ground]. (L.) A2: تَرَكَهُمْ هَتًّا بَتًّا [He left them routed, or broken asunder, and cut off;] he broke them asunder: or he cut them in pieces. (L.) هَتِيتٌ A sound. Occurring in a trad. as signifying a sound made by wine poured out upon the ground. (L.) A2: هَتِيتٌ and ↓ مَهْتُوتٌ A thing broken so as to be reduced to small fragments, or particles: stamped upon vehemently, so as to be broken. (TA.) هَتَّاتٌ: see مِهَتٌّ.

رَجُلٌ مِهَتٌّ, and ↓ هَتَّاتٌ, A man quick and voluble in speech; (S, K;) incorrectly, and vainly, or frivolously, loquacious; a great babbler. (TA.) مَهْتُوتٌ: see هَتِيتٌ. b2: الهَمْزَةُ صَوْتٌ مَهْتُوتٌ فِى

أَقْصَى الحَلْقِ [Hemzeh is a sound uttered (after a suppression of the breath) in the most remote part of the throat]. (Kh, L.) Sb applied the term المَهْتُوتُ to the letter ه, because of its weakness and lowness. (L.) b3: أَسْرَعُ مِنَ المُهَتْهِتَةِ Quicker than the quick-speaking woman. (IAar.)

شد

1 شَدَّ, as an intrans. verb, aor. ـِ inf. n. شِدَّةٌ: see 8; and see also شِدَّةٌ. b2: [Hence,] لَشَدَّ مَا is an expression used in the same sense as لَعَزَّ مَا (A and K in art. عز) and لَحَقَّ مَا: (A and TA in that art.:) [and in like manner without the ل: thus] one says, شَدَّ مَا أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ, meaning حَقَّ أَنَّكَ ذَاهِبٌ [i. e. It is distressing, or it distresses me, that thou art going away]: and if you please, you may consider شَدَّ as similar to نِعْمَ; as when you say, نِعْمَ العَمَلُ أَنَّكَ تَقُولُ الحَقَّ [Excellent, or most excellent, is the deed, thy saying the truth]. (Sb, TA.) [And it is also used to render intensive a verb following it; as in the saying, لَشَدَّ مَا أَبْغَضَنِى Much indeed, or greatly indeed, did he hate me.] b3: شَدَّ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـَ (S, L) and شَدِّ, (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ (S, L) and شُدُودٌ, (L,) He charged, or made an assault or attack, upon him, in war, or battle. (S, L.) You say, شَدَّ عَلَى العَدُوِّ شَدَّةً وَاحِدَةً, and شَدَّاتٍ كَثِيرَةً, He made one charge, or assault, or attack, upon the enemy, and many charges, &c. (L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى قِرْنِهِ بِسِكِّينٍ, or بِعَصًا, He made an assault, or attack, upon his adversary, with a knife, or with a staff; as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ اشتدّ. (Mgh.) And شَدَّ الذِّئْبُ عَلَى الغَنَمِ The wolf asaulted, or attacked, the sheep or goats. (L.) In the phrase, شَدُّوا الإِغَارَةَ, the meaning is شَدُّوا لِلْإِغَارَةِ [They made a charge for the purpose of a sudden attack upon an enemy, or a predatory incursion]; and therefore الاغارة is put in the accus. case, not as an objective complement. (Ham p. 8.) b4: شَدَّ, (S,) aor. ـُ and شَدِّ, (TK,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (S, L, K,) also signifies He ran; (S, L, * K; *) and so ↓ اشتدّ. (S, L, K.) رُبَّ شَدٍّ فِى

الكُرْزِ [Many a run is in the sack] is a prov., originating from the fact that a man riding a pregnant mare was pursued by an enemy, and she cast her foal, which ran with its mother, whereupon the horseman alighted, and carried it off in a sack; and the enemy overtook him, and said to him, “Throw to me the foal;” and he replied in these words, meaning that the foal was of generous race: it is applied to him whose internal, or intrinsic, qualities are commended. (Meyd.) And one says, شَدَّ فِى العَدْوِ, (A, Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (A, Mgh, L;) He hastened, or was quick, in running: (Mgh, L:) and شَدَّ الإِحْضَارَ [meaning the same]. (S in art. افر.) b5: شَدَّ النَّهَارُ, (S, L,) and الضُّحَى, (L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ; (L, K; but in the latter, النَّار is erroneously put for النَّهَار; TA;) and ↓ اشتدّ; (L;) The day, and the morning, became advanced, the sun being high. (S, * L, K. *) [See also شَدٌّ below.]

A2: شَدَّهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, L, Msb) and شَدِّ, the latter anomalous, for the aor. of a trans. verb of this class, of the measure فَعَلَ, should be شَدُّ only, and that of an intrans. verb of the same class and measure should be شَدِّ, and this is the only instance, or almost the only one, of its kind, with both of these forms of aor. , except عَلَّ [and بَتَّ] and نَمَّ الحَدِيثَ, but there is one trans. verb of the same class having the latter form of aor. only, namely, حَبَّ, (Fr, S, L,) inf. n. شَدٌّ, (L, Msb, K,) He made it, or rendered it, hard; used in relation to substances and attributes: (L:) he made, or rendered, it, or him, firm, compact, or sound; and strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; syn. أَحْكَمَهُ, (L,) and قَوَّاهُ; (S, A, L, K; *) as also ↓ شدّدهُ, [inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ,] i. e. as syn. with احكمهُ (L) and قوّاهُ: (S, A, L:) he bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fast, or strongly; syn. أَوْثَقَهُ: [which may also be meant to convey the signification immediately preceding this last:] (S, L, Msb, K:) and [simply] he tied, bound, or made fast, him, or it; syn. رَبَطَهُ. (S and Msb and K &c. in art. ربط.) One says, شَدَّ عَضُدَهُ i. e. He strengthened [his fore arm, or perhaps his upper arm, but the former is app. here meant]. (S, L.) And شَدَّ عَلَى يَدِهِ He strengthened him, [lit. his arm, or hand,] and aided him. (L.) And شَدَّ اللّٰهُ مُلْكَهُ, and ↓ شَدَّدَهُ, God strengthened, or may God strengthen, his dominion. (S, L. [See also a similar ex. voce أَزْرٌ.]) And شَدَّ العُقْدَةَ [He tied firmly or fast or strongly, or he pulled tight, or tightened, the knot], (A, Mgh, Msb,) and الوَثَاقَ [the bond]. (Kur xlvii. 4.) [And شَدَّ الدَّابَّةَ He bound the saddle on the beast: see an ex. voce دَلِيلٌ.] شَدُّ الرِّحَالِ [lit. The binding of the camels' saddles upon their backs] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the going a journey. (Mgh, Msb.) and شَدُّ المِئْزَرِ, occurring in a trad., [lit. The binding of the waist-wrapper upon the waist] is a metonymical phrase for (tropical:) the avoiding of women: or the exerting oneself, or employing oneself vigorously or laboriously, in work: or for both of these together. (L.) مَا أَمْلِكُ شَدًّا وَلَا إِرْخَآءً [lit. I possess not power to tighten nor to slacken] meansI am not able to do anything. (TA.) [And شَدَّهُ also signifies He pressed, compressed, or squeezed, it: and he pulled, or strained, it.] وَاشْدُدْ عَلَى

قُلُوبِهِمْ, in the Kur [x. 88], means And put Thou a seal upon their hearts, so that they may not heed admonition, nor be disposed, or directed, to that which is good. (L.) A3: أَشَدُّ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا, as also أَشَدُ without teshdeed, means أَشْهَدُ [q. v.]: (K:) a strange saying. (TA.) 2 شَدَّّ see the preceding paragraph, latter half, in two places. b2: شدّدهُ, inf. n. تَشْدِيدٌ, also signifies He made it, or rendered it, namely, a beating, and anything, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; he intensified it, or aggravated it: (L:) تَشْدِيدٌ is the contr. of تَخْفِيفٌ [in this sense and in other senses here following]. (S.) [Hence, the objective complement being understood,] one says, شدّد عَلَيْهِ, (A, Msb,) which is the contr. of خَفَّفَ [i. e. of خَفَّفَ عَنْهُ; thus meaning He rendered his burden, suffering, distress, uneasiness, or the like, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, severe, strict, rigorous, or excessive; intensified it, or aggravated it; or he pressed hard upon him; treated him with hardness, strictness, severity, or rigour]: (Msb:) and مَنْ شَدَّدَ شَدَّدَ اللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ [Whoso treateth others hardly, God will treat him hardly]. (A. [See also 8.]) b3: [تَشْدِيدٌ, as opposed to تَخْفِيفٌ, also signifies The characterizing of a letter by a lengthened pronunciation equivalent in grammatical analysis and in prosody to doubling, denoted in writing by the sign called ↓ شَدَّة, i. e. by the sign ّ over that letter; as also تَثْقِيلٌ.] b4: See also سَدَّدَهُ.3 شادّهُ, (A, L,) inf. n. مُشَادَّةٌ and شِدَادٌ, (L,) He vied with him, contended with him for superiority, or strove to surpass him, in strength, power, or force. (A, L.) [Hence,] مَنْ يُشَادِدِ الدِّينَ يَغْلِبْهُ, (A,) or مَنْ يُشَادَّ هٰذَا الدِّينَ بِغْلِبْهُ, i. e. Whoso contendeth for superiority in strength with this religion, and withstandeth it, or opposeth it, and tasketh himself with religious service beyond his power, it (the religion) will overcome him: a trad. (L.) And لَنْ يُشَادَّ الدِّينَ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا غُلِبَ No one shall contend for superiority in strength with religion, &c. but he will be overcome by the religion. (K, * TA.) b2: See also 5.4 اشدّ, (S, A, L, K,) inf. n. إِشْدَادٌ, (K,) He, (a man, S, L, K, *) or they, (a company of men, A, L,) had, (A, L,) or had with him, (S, L, K,) [or had with them,] a strong beast, (S, L, K,) or strong beasts. (A, L.) A2: [مَا أَشَدَّ كَذَا How hard, hard to be borne, vehement, violent, intense, or the like, or how great, is such a thing!]5 تشدّد He acted, or behaved, with forced hardness, firmness, strength, vigour, hardiness, courage, vehemence, severity, strictness, or rigour; he exerted his strength, force, or energy; strained, or strained himself, or tasked himself severely; syn. تَصَلَّبَ; (A and TA in art. صلب;) and جَهَدَ نَفْسَهُ; (L;) [فِى الشَّىْءِ in the thing; as also فِيهِ ↓ شَادَّ; for] المُشَادَّةُ فِى الشَّىْءِ and التَّشَدُّدُ فِيهِ signify the same: (S, L, K: * [see an ex. of تشدّد in the first paragraph of art. جلد:]) [and] both of these phrases signify the showing hardness, &c., in the thing. (PS.) You say also تشدّد لِلْأَمْرِ He applied himself with hardness, firmness, vigour, hardiness, severity, or rigour, to the affair. (MA.) And تَشَدَّدَتِ القَيْنَةُ The slavesongstress strained herself, or tasked herself severely, in raising her voice in singing. (L.) b2: Also He (a man) was, or became, hard, or difficult: you say, سَأَلْنَا فُلَانًا حَاجَةً فَتَشَدَّدَ عَلَيْنَا [We asked of such a one a thing wanted, and he was hard, or difficult, to us]. (TA in art. وعر.) b3: And He was, or became, niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious. (MA, KL.) 6 تشادّوا [They vied, contended for superiority, or strove to surpass one another, in strength, power, or force: see 3]. (TA in art. حمس: there coupled with اِقْتَتَلُوا.) b2: See also the next paragraph.8 اشتدّ; (S, A, L, Msb;) and ↓ شَدَّ, aor. ـِ (L, Msb,) the only form of its aor. , (L,) inf. n. شِدَّةٌ, (S, Msb,) whence the former verb; (S;) and ↓ تشادّ; (L;) It was, or became, hard, (L, and MA and KL and PS in explanation of the first,) said of a substance and of an attribute: (L:) it, or he, was, or became, firm, compact, or sound; (L &c. as above;) strong, powerful, or forcible; vigorous, robust, or sturdy; (L, and A and MA and KL in explanation of the first, and Msb in explanation of the second:) [also it was, or became, bound, or tied, firmly, fast, or strongly:] and the first of these verbs, [and the second also,] it was, or became, hard to be borne, heavy, vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (MA, L, KL.) It is said in a trad., لَا تَبِيعُوا الحَبَّ حَتَّى يَشْتَدَّ i. e. [Ye shall not sell grain] until it becomes hard, or firm, or strong. (L.) And you say, اشتدّت العُقْدَةُ [The knot became tied firmly, fast, or strongly; or became tight]. (A, Mgh, Msb.) And اشتدّ الزَّمَنُ عَلَيْهِمْ The time, or fortune, became hard upon them; or severe, rigorous, distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse, to them. (L. [See also 2.]) And اشتدّ بِهِ الأَمْرُ [The affair, or event, distressed, or afflicted, him; like اشتدّ عَلَيْهِ]. (L in art. جد, &c.) b2: See also 1, former half, in four places.

شَدٌّ an inf. n. of 1 [q. v.]. (S, L, &c.) b2: [Hence,] شَدُّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدُّ الضُّحَى, The time when the day, and the morning, is advanced, the sun being high. (L.) One says, جِئْتُكَ شَدَّ النَّهَارِ, and شَدَّ الضُّحَى, (L, and the like is said in the A,) and فِى شَدِّ النَّهَارِ, and فِى شَدِّ الضُّحَى, (L,) I came to thee in the time when the day, and the morning, was advanced, the sun being high. (A, * L.) شَدَّةٌ [inf. n. of un. of شَدَّهُ: as such signifying] A single act [of making, or rendering, hard, firm, compact, or sound; strong, powerful, or forcible: and] of binding, or tying, firmly, fast, or strongly. (Msb.) b2: See also 2, last sentence but one.

A2: Also [inf. n. of un. of the intrans. verb شَدَّ: as such signifying] A single charge or assault or attack in war or battle. (S, A, * Mgh, L, K. *) شِدَّةٌ inf. n. of ↓ شَدَّ (L, Msb) as syn. with اِشْتَدَّ: (L:) [and] a subst. from [i. e. syn. with] اِشْتِدَادٌ: (K:) The attribute denoted by the epithet شَدِيدٌ: (S:) hardness, (A, MA, L,) in substances and in attributes; (L;) firmness, compactness, or soundness; strength, power, or force; vigour, robustness, sturdiness, or hardiness; (MA, L; see أَشُدٌّ, which, accord. to some, is a pl. of شِدَّةٌ;) courage, bravery, firmness of heart: (L:) niggardliness, tenaciousness, or avarice: (A: [see also 5, last sentence:]) vehemence, violence, intenseness, stress, pressure, severity, strictness, rigour, tightness, straitness or difficulty: (MA:) hardship, rigour of fortune: (MA, L:) famine, dearth, want of victuals; hardness, straitness, or difficulty, of subsistence [&c.]: (L:) trouble, distress, affliction, calamity, or adversity; (MA, L;) as also [↓ شُدَّى, in these as well as in some of the preceding senses, and] ↓ شَدِيدَةٌ, [rather meaning a hard, or distressing, event, an affliction, or a calamity, and rarely used,] of which, (L,) or of شِدَّةٌ, (MA, L,) the pl. is شَدَائِدُ, (MA, L,) agreeably with analogy if of شَدِيدَةٌ, but extr. if of شِدَّةٌ: and this pl. also signifies seditions, discords, or dissensions, whereby men are put into a state of commotion: (L:) and the rigours, or pangs, (غَمَرَات,) of death: (S and Msb in art. غمر:) accord. to Sb, the pl of شِدَّةٌ is شِدَدٌ, which, he says, preserves its original form [without idghám] because it does not resemble a verb. (L.) One says, قَاسَيْتُ مِنْهُ شِدَّةً [I endured, from him, hardness, &c.; or from it, hardship, &c.]. (A.) And فُلَانٍ ↓ خفْتُ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّتَهُ [i. e. I feared the hardness, &c., of such a one]: so says Az: and he cites this verse: ↓ فَإِنِّى لَا أَلِينُ لِقَوْلِ شُدَّى

مِنَ الحَدِيدِ ↓ وَلَوْ كَانَتْ أَشَدَّ [And, or for, I will not become gentle for a hard saying, (lit. a saying of hardness,) though it should be harder than iron]. (L.) And أَصَابَتْنِى

↓ شُدَّى meaning شِدَّةٌ [i. e. Hardship, &c., befell me]. (Az, S.) [And شِدَّةٌ also signifies A strong, an intense, or a great, degree of any quality &c.]

شُدَّى: see the next preceding paragraph, in four places.

شَدِيدٌ Possessing the quality of شِدَّة: (S, L:) i. e. hard; applied to a substance and to an attribute: firm, compact, or sound: (L:) strong, powerful, forceful; vigorous, robust, sturdy, or hardy; (A, Mgh, L, Msb;) applied to a thing, (Msb,) and to a man; (A, Mgh, L;) as also شَدِيدُ القُوَى: (Mgh:) pl., applied to men, أَشِدَّآءُ and [applied to things and men] شِدَادٌ (A, L) and شُدُدٌ, (Sb, L,) which last preserves its original form [without idghám] because not resembling a verb: (L:) also courageous, brave, firm of heart: (L, K: *) and niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious; (A, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُتَشَدِّدٌ: (S, A, L, K:) and [as is implied by the first explanation above, and shown by frequent usage,] vehement, violent, intense, pressing, severe, strict, rigorous, tight, strait or difficult, hard as meaning hard to be borne, troublesome, distressing or distressful, afflictive, calamitous, or adverse. (L, KL, PS, &c.) You say, هُوَ شَدِيدٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ [He is hard, or severe, or rigorous, to his people]. (A.) [And شَدِيدٌ عَلَى كَذَا Niggardly, tenacious, or avaricious, of such a thing.] Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, using شَدِيد in the sense of شَحِيح, حَدَرْنَاهُ بِالأَثْوَابِ فِى قَعْرِ هُوَّةٍ

شَدِيدٍ عَلَى مَا ضُمَّ فِى اللَّحْدِ جُولُهَا [We lowered him, with the grave-clothes, into the bottom of a cavity in the ground, the sides whereof were tenacious of what was comprised in the lateral hollow which was the place of the corpse]. (L.) And the words of the Kur [c. 8], وَإِنَّهُ لِحُبِّ الخَيْرِ لَشَدِيدٌ, accord. to Zj, mean and verily, on account of the love of wealth, he is niggardly, or tenacious, or avaricious. (L.) شَدِيدُ العَيْنِ applied to a man, and شَدِيْدَةُ جَفْنِ العَيْنِ metaphorically applied by a poet to a she-camel, mean Whom sleep does not overcome. (L.) And الشَّدِيدُ means The lion; (K;) because of his strength and hardiness. (TA.) [شَدِيد with a subst. or an inf. n. following it in the gen. case, the latter having the article ال prefixed to it, or being prefixed to another noun in the gen. case, supplies the place of an intensive epithet; as in شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ Intensely, or very, black; and شَدِيدُ الغَضَبِ Vehemently, or exceedingly, or very, angry; and] مِسْكٌ شَدِيدُ الرَّائِحَةِ Strong-smelling musk; (L;) [and رَجُلٌ شَدِيدُ بَيَاضِ العَيْنِ A man intensely white in the eye.] b2: الحُرُوفُ الشَّدِيدَةُ [The strong letters] are those letters which, in a state of quiescence, prevent the current of the voice in their utterance; namely أ, ب, ت, ج, د, ط, ق, and ك; (TA;) the letters comprised in the words أَجَدْتَ طَبَقَكَ. (K.) شَدِيدَةٌ [as a subst. from شَدِيدٌ, rendered such by the affix ة]: see شِدَّةٌ.

أَشَدُّ [Possessing the quality of شِدَّة, in a greater, and in the greatest, degree; i. e. more, and most, hard, &c.]. See an ex. in a verse cited voce شِدَّةٌ.

حَلَبْتَ بِالسَّاعِدِ الأَشَدِّ, or حَلَبْتُهَا الخ, is a prov., expl. in art. حلب. And بَقِىَ أَشَدُّهُ. [The hardest part of it has remained] is another prov., applied to him who attains a part of that which he wants, and is unable to attain the completion thereof. (TA. [See also Freytag's “ Arab. Prov.,” i. 169.]) [With an indeterminate subst. or inf. n. following it in the accus. case, it supplies the place of a simple epithet denoting the comparative and superlative degrees; as in أَشَدُّ سَوَادًا More, and most, black; and أَشَدُّ غَضَبًا More, and most, angry.] b2: أَشَدُّ النَّهَارِ The time when the day is most advanced, the sun being at the highest. (L. [See شَدُّ النَّهَارِ.]) أَشُدٌّ, (S, A, Mgh, L, K, &c.,) also pronounced أُشُدٌّ, (Seer, K,) but the latter form is rare, (TA,) is both masc. and fem., (Zj, TA,) and as used in the Kur it has somewhat different meanings: (Az, TA:) in the phrase حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ أَشُدَّهُ, (S, K,) and other phrases in the Kur, (TA,) أَشُدّ is expl. as meaning The state of strength; (S, Mgh, L, K;) which is from eighteen to thirty years: (S, L, K:) or from about seventeen to forty: (Zj:) or from thirty to forty: (Zj in another place:) or puberty: (Az, Mgh, L:) or firmness, or soundness, of judgment, produced by experience: (L:) or puberty together with such maturity as gives evidence of rectitude of conduct or course of life; (Zj, Az, Mgh, L;) which may be at, or before, the age of eighteen years; accord. to most of the men of science, and among them Esh-Sháfi'ee; (Zj, Az, L;) and the extreme term of which is three and thirty years: (Mgh:) or the age of forty years; as in the Kur xlvi. 14: (L:) أَشُدٌّ [originally أَشْدُدٌ] is a sing. having a pl. form, like آنُكٌ; and these two words are [said to be] the only instances of the kind: (S, K: [but see آنُكٌ:]) or a pl. having no proper sing., (S, Mgh, K,) like

آسَالٌ and أَبَابِيلُ and عَبَادِيدُ and مَذَاكِيرُ: (S:) or its sing. is ↓ شِدَّةٌ, (AHeyth, S, Mgh, K,) accord. to Sb; and this is good with respect to the meaning, because one says, بَلَغَ الغُلَامُ شِدَّتَهُ; (S;) but فِعْلَةٌ does not form a pl. of the measure أَفْعُلٌ; (S, K;) for as to أَنْعُمٌ, (S,) which is said by AHeyth to be pl. of نِعْمَةٌ, (TA,) [and respecting which Mtr says that] أَشُدٌّ is said to be pl. of شِدَّةٌ like as أَنْعُمٌ is of نِعْمَةٌ, formed by regarding the ة as elided, (Mgh, [and AHeyth says the like,]) it is only pl. of نُعْمٌ in the phrase يَوْمُ نُعْمٍ: (S:) or its sing. is شَدٌّ, like as كَلْبٌ is of أَكْلُبٌ; or شِدٌّ, like as ذِئْبٌ is of أَذْؤُبٌ; (S, K;) accord. to some; (S;) but neither شَدٌّ nor شِدٌّ has been heard from the Arabs [as sing. of أَشُدٌّ]; and they are only deduced from analogy: (S, K:) or it is pl. of أَشَدُّ; and the أ is not regarded in the formation of this pl. (IJ, from A 'Obeyd.) مَشَدُّ العِصَابَةِ [The place, or part, where the fillet, or the like, is bound, or tied]. (A.) مُشِدٌّ A man having, (A, Mgh, L,) or having with him, (L,) a strong beast, (A, Mgh, L,) or strong beasts; (L;) contr. of مُضْعِفٌ. (Mgh, L.) It is said in a trad., يَرُدُّ مُشِدُّهُمْ عَلَى مُضْعِفِهِمْ [He among them who has a strong beast, or strong beasts, shall give back a portion of the spoil to him of them who has a weak beast, or weak beasts]; meaning that the strong warrior and plunderer shall share with (يُسَاهِمُ) the weak in the plunder that he gains. (L.) مُتَشَدِّدٌ: see شَدِيدٌ.

ضف

1 ضَفَّهُ, (O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. ضَفٌّ, (O,) He collected it together. (O; K,) b2: And ضَفَّ, [app. for ضَفَّ أَصَابِعَهُ,] (Fr, O, K;) aor. and inf. n. as above, (Fr, O,) said of one warming himself, He closed his fingers together and put them near to the fire. (Fr, O, K.) b3: And ضَفَّ النَّاقَةَ, (S, O, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He milked the camel with the whole hand; (S, O, K, TA;) because of the largeness of the dug; mentioned by Az, on the authority of Ks; (TA;) a dial. var. of ضَبَّهَا: (S, O:) or, accord. to Fr, the doing thus is termed الضَّفُّ; but الضَّبُّ signifies “ the putting one's thumb upon the teat and then turning his fingers over the thumb and the teat together: ” or, as is said on other authority, الضَّفُّ signifies the clasping the two teats together with the hand when milking: [but this is also said to be the meaning of الضَّبُّ:] or, as Lh says, the grasping the teat with all one's fingers. (TA.) A2: ضَفَّ القَوْمُ عَلَى الطَّعَامِ, or المَآءِ, [aor. app. ضَفِّ or ضَفَّ, or both,] inf. n. ضَفٌّ and ضَفَفٌ, [see the latter of these below,] The people, or party, pushed, pressed, crowded, or thronged, together upon the food, or the water. (TK.) [See also what next follows.]6 تضافّوا عَلَيْهِ They multiplied, or became numerous, (S, O, K,) and collected themselves together, (O, K,) [and, accord. to an explanation of the part. n., by Lh, pushed, pressed, crowded, or thronged, together,] upon it, or at it; namely water, (S, O, K,) &c.; (O, K;) like تصافّوا. (TA.) b2: And تضافوا signifies also, accord. to the O and K, خَفَّتْ أَحْوَالُهُمْ; but correctly, as in the “ Nawádir ” of Az, أَمْوَالُهُمْ [i. e. Their possessions became scanty]. (TA.) ضَفٌّ Narrow, or strait, and hard: so in the phrase رَجُلٌ ضَفُّ الحَالِ [A man whose state, or condition, is narrow, or strait, and hard]: (Az, S, O, K: *) and one says also الحَالِ ↓ رجل ضَفَفُ and قَوْمٌ ضَفَفُوا الحَالِ; but idghám is more proper. (Sb, TA.) A2: شَاةٌ ضَفَّةُ الشُّخْبِ A ewe, or goat, whose stream of milk from the udder is wide. (AA, O, L, K.) ضُفٌّ A little thing resembling the tick, of the colour of ashes and dust, the sting, or bite, of which causes the skin to break forth with the eruption termed شَرًى [q. v.]: (Aboo-Málik, O, K:) pl. ضِفَفَةٌ, like قِرَدَةٌ. (K.) ضَفَّةٌ A single act of pushing, pressing, crowding, or thronging, together upon water. (S, O, K. [See ضَفَفٌ]) b2: دَخَلْتُ فِى ضَفَّةِ القَوْمِ and ↓ ضَفْضَفَتِهِمْ (O, K *) are phrases mentioned by As (O, TA) and Lth (TA) as meaning I entered among the company, or collective body, of the people, or party. (O, K. *) b3: And ضَفَّةٌ signifies also The first دُفْعَة [i. e. rush, or quantity that pours forth at once or that is poured forth at once], or دَفْعَة [i. e. single act of pouring], (accord. to different copies of the K,) of water. (K.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in five places.

ضِفَّةٌ (T, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ ضَفَّةٌ (T, O, Mgh, Msb, K) The side of a river (T, S, O, Mgh, Msb, K) and of a well: (Msb:) ضِفَّتَاهُ signifying its (a river's) two sides: (S:) and الوَادِى ↓ ضَفَّتَا, or الحَيْزُومِ, and ضِفَّتَاهُ, the two sides of the valley, or of the حيزوم [i. e. breast, or chest, &c.]: (IAar, K:) and البَحْرِ ↓ ضَفَّةُ [or ضِفَّتُهُ] the shore of the sea: (K:) and the dual of ↓ ضَفَّةٌ [or ضِفَّةٌ?] occurs in a saying of 'Alee metaphorically used as meaning (assumed tropical:) the two sides of the eyelids: (TA:) the pl. of ضِفَّةٌ is ضِفَفٌ, (Msb,) or ضِفَاف; (TA;) and that of ↓ ضَفَّةٌ is ضَفَّاتٌ. (Msb.) ضَفَفٌ The pushing, pressing, crowding, or thronging, together, of people, at, or upon, water [to drink thereof or to water their beasts]. (S, O, K. [See also 1, last explanation.]) and Numerousness of the persons composing a family, or household. (S, O, K:) or, accord. to Lh, visitors and friends that come time after time; and one's household, or family: or, as some say, i. q. حَشَمٌ [i. e. one's dependents, &c.]. (TA.) And The taking of food with other people: (S, O, K: *) thus in a trad. in which it is said of the Prophet, مَا شَبِعَ مِنْ خُبْزٍ وَلَحْمٍ إِلَّا عَلَى ضَفَفٍ

[He did not satiate himself with the eating of bread and flesh-meat except in a case of taking thereof with others], as expl. by a man of the desert in answer to a question put to him by Málik Ibn-Deenár: (S, O: but in the latter, لَمْ يَشْبَعْ:) or the case of the eaters' being too many for the food: (Th, O, K:) [or,] accord. to Kh, (S, O,) numerousness of the hands upon the food: (S, O, Msb:) [or,] accord. to As, the case of the property's being little, and the devourers thereof many. (S, O.) [See also حَفَفٌ.] Accord. to Az, (S, O,) Straitness, and hardness, or hardship: (S, O, Msb:) accord. to Fr, (S, O,) want. (S, O, Msb, K.) [See two exs. voce حَفَفٌ.] Also Weakness. (Fr, O, K.) And Haste (Fr, S, O, Msb) in an affair: (Msb:) so in the saying, لَقِيتُهُ عَلَى ضَفَفٍ [I met him, or found him, in a state of haste]. (Fr, S, O.) And A quantity less than will fill the measure, and less than anything that is filled. (Sh, O, K.) And Food, or the eating, less than satiates. (TA.) A2: See also ضَفٌّ.

ضفاف [thus written without any syll. sign] The quality denoted by the epithet ضَفُوفٌ applied to a she-camel or a ewe or goat. (TA.) ضَفُوفٌ Having much milk, not to be milked save with the whole hand; (O, K; *) applied to a camel, (O, K,) and to a ewe or goat: so in a verse cited voce صُوفٌ, as some relate it; but as others relate it, the word is صَفُوف, with ص. (TA.) b2: and [hence, app.,] عَيْنٌ ضَفُوفٌ (assumed tropical:) A source abounding with water. (TA.) فُلَانٌ مِنْ لَفِيفِنَا وَضَفِيفِنَا, (O, TA,) in the K هُوَ مِنْ ضَفِيفِنَا وَلَفِيفِنَا, but the former is the right order, (TA,) a saying mentioned by Aboo-Sa'eed, (O, TA,) means Such a one is of those whom we associate with us, and those whom we congregate with us, when events befall us. (O, K, * TA.) ضَفَافَةٌ, (O, K,) without teshdeed, (O,) like سَحَابَةٌ, (K,) Devoid of intellect, or intelligence. (O, K.) ضَفْضَفَةٌ: see ضَفَّةٌ.

مَآءٌ مَضْفُوفٌ A water that is thronged [so that it has become little in quantity]; (S, O, K;) like مَشْفُوهٌ; (S, O;) to which many men and cattle have come: (Lh, TA:) occurring in a verse cited voce مُدَارَةٌ, in art. دور: (S, O, TA:) in that verse, Aboo-' Amr Esh-Sheybánee, instead of المَضْفُوف, read المَظْفُوف; which means [the same, (K in art. ظف,) or] “ occupied. ” (IB, TA.) b2: [Hence,] رَجُلٌ مَضْفُوفٌ, (tropical:) A man exhausted of what he possessed [in consequence of much begging]; like مَثْمُودٌ: (S, O, TA:) [see also مَشْفُوهٌ:] some say مَضْفُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ. (TA.)