سو

أ1 سَآءَ, (Lth, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Lth, Msb,) inf. n. سَوْءٌ, (Lth, M,) or سَوَآءٌ, like سَحَابٌ, (K,) [but the former is that which is commonly known,] It (a thing, Lth, M) was, or became, evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly. (Lth, M, Msb, K.) It is used in this sense, (IKt, TA,) or [rather] is like بِئْسَ, (Bd, Jel,) in the Kur [xvii. 34], where it is said, سَآءَ سَبِيلًا [Evil, &c., is it as a way of acting]: (IKt, Bd, Jel, TA:) which is like the saying, سَآءَ هٰذَا مَذْهَبًا [Evil, &c., is this as a way of acting or believing, &c.]: the noun being in the accus. case as a specificative. (IKt, TA.) And so in the saying, سَآءَ مَا فَعَلَ فُلَانٌ صَنِيعًا [Evil, &c., as an action, is that which such a one has done]. (TA.) b2: One says also, سُؤْتُ بِهِ ظَنًّا, and أَسَأْتُ ↓ بِهِ الظَّنَّ , [lit. I was evil in opinion respecting him, or it, and I made the opinion respecting him, or it, to be evil, each virtually meaning I held, or formed, an evil opinion respecting him, or it,] the noun being determinate, with the article ال, in the latter case, (ISk, S, Msb, TA,) because it is an objective complement, for the verb is trans., (IB, TA,) and the noun being indeterminate in the former case, (IB, Msb, TA,) because it is in the accus. case as a specificative; (IB, TA;) but some allow it to be indeterminate after ↓ أَسَأْتُ, which is here the contr. of أَحْسَنْتُ. (Msb.) A2: It is also trans.: (Lth, TA:) you say, سَآءَهُ, (S, M, K,) aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. سَوْءٌ (S, M, K) and (??), with damm also, (TA, [and said to be an (??)n. in the Ksh and by Bd in ii. 46, but as it is (??) entioned as an inf. n. in the S nor in the M (??) the K, but is expressly said in all these to (??)st., I think that is should be rejected, or (??) as a quasi-inf. n. like كَلَامٌ and ثَوَابٌ (??) سَوَآةٌ (K) and سَوَآءَةٌ (Az, M, K) and (??), K,) of the measure فَعَالِيَةٌ, like (??) M,) and سَوَايَةٌ, (S, M, K,) which is a contraction of that next preceding, (Kh, S, M,) and مَسَآءٌ (M, K) and مَسَآءَةٌ, (S, M, K,) originally مَسْوَأَةٌ, (Har p. 81,) and مَسَائِيَةٌ, which is originally مَسَاوِئَةٌ, (Kh, S, M, K,) and مَسَايَةٌ, (S, M, K,) which is a contraction of that next preceding, (Kh, S,) and مَسَائِيَّةٌ, (M, K,) this last written in the L with two ى s, [i. e. مَسَاييِةٌ,] (TA,) [He did evil to him;] he did to him that which he disliked, or hated; (M, K;) he displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; contr. of سَرَّهُ. (S.) One says, سُؤْتُ الرَّجُلَ, meaning I displeased, grieved, or vexed, the man by what he saw [or experienced] from me. (S.) And أَرَدْتُ مَسَآءَتَكَ and مَسَائِيَتَكَ [I desired to displease, grieve, or vex, thee]. (Lth, TA.) And إِنَّ اللَّيْلَ طَوِيلٌ وَلَا يَسُؤْ بَالُهُ [Verily the night is long, and may the state thereof not displease, grieve, or vex, me]: meaning لَا يَسُؤْنِى بَالُهُ; and expressing a prayer. (Lh, M. [In the TA, in the place of بَالُهُ is put ما له; as though meaning مَا لَهُ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ or the like, i. e. its events, or accidents, &c.]) And لَهُ عِنْدِي مَا سَآءَهُ وَنَآءَهُ [I have, belonging to him, or I owe him, what grieved him, and oppressed him by its weight], and مَا يَسُوْؤُهُ وَيَنُوْؤُهُ [what does, or will, grieve him, &c.]. (S.) تَرَكَ مَا يَسُوْؤُهُ وَيَنُوْؤُهُ [He left, or has left, what will grieve him, and oppress him by its weight, on the day of judgment, by the responsibility that it has imposed upon him,] is a prov., said of him who has left his property to his heirs. (Meyd, TA.) It is said that El-Mahboobee was possessed of riches; and when death visited him, he desired to make a testament; so it was said to him, “What wilt thou write? ” and he answered, “Write ye, 'Such a one,' meaning himself, 'has left what will grieve him, and oppress him by its weight:' ” i. e., property which his heirs will devour, while the burden thereof will remain upon him. (Meyd, TA.) [See also 4.] b2: One says also, سُؤْتُ وَجْهَ فُلَانٍ, aor. ـُ inf. n. مَسَآءَةٌ and مَسَائِيَةٌ, (Lth, TA,) i. q. قَبَحْتُهُ [i. e. I said, May God remove the person (lit. the face) of such a one far from good, or prosperity, &c.]. (TA. [It is said in a copy of the M, that سُؤْتُ لَهُ وَجْهَهُ means قَبَّحْتُهُ: but I think that the right explanation is قَبَحْتُهُ, without tesh-deed, meaning I said to him, قَبَحَ اللّٰهُ وَجْهَكَ: see art. قبح.]) 2 سوّأ [He corrupted, or marred]. You say, سَوِّ وَلَا تُسَوِّئْ Rectify thou, and do not corrupt, or mar. (A, TA.) [See also 4.] b2: سوّأ عَلَيْهِ He said to him أَسَأْتُ [Thou hast done ill]. (M.) You say, سَوَّأْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَا صَنَعَ, (S,) or صَنِيعَهُ, (K,) i. e. فِعْلَهُ, (TA,) inf. n. تَسْوِئَةٌ and تَسْوِىْءٌ, I discommended to him what he had done, or his deed; and said to him أَسَأْتَ [Thou hast done ill]. (S, K.) And إِنْ أَسَأْتُ فَسَوِّئْ عَلَىَّ [If I do ill, say thou to me, Thou hast done ill]. (S.) 4 أَسَآءَ, [inf. n. إِسَآءَةٌ,] He did evil, or ill; or acted ill; contr. of أَحْسَنَ: (S, M, K:) [and so]

اسِآء فِى فِعْلِهِ. (Msb.) You say, اسآء إِلَيْهِ (S, K) and لَهُ and عَلَيهِ and بِهِ (TA) He did evil or ill, or acted ill, to him. (S, K, TA.) b2: [See also أَسْوَى, in several senses, in art. سوي.]

A2: اسآءهُ He corrupted it, or marred it; (M, K;) [did it ill;] did it not well; namely, a thing. (M.) It is said in a prov., أَسَآءَ كَارِهٌ مَا عَمِلَ [An unwilling person did ill what he did]; relating to a man who was compelled against his will, by another, to do a thing, and marred it, or did it not well: it is applied to the man who seeks an object of want and does not take pains to accomplish it. (M, Meyd. *) See also 1, in two places, in the former half of the paragraph. [And see 2.]8 استآء He experienced evil, or that which he disliked or hated, (S, * K, TA,) or displeasure, (TA,) or grief, or anxiety. (M, TA.) اِسْتَآءَ لَهَا occurs in a trad. as meaning He (the Prophet) became displeased, or grieved, or anxious, on account of it; i. e., on account of a dream that had been related to him: or, accord. to one relation, the right reading is اِسْتَآلَهَا, meaning “ he sought the interpretation of it, by consideration. ” (TA.) سَوْءٌ is an inf. n. of سَآءَ, (Lth, S, M, K,) intrans., (Lth, M,) and trans.: (S, M, K:) and is also used as an epithet, applied to a man, (M, Msb, and Ham p. 712,) and to an action. (Msb.) Yousay رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ (S, M, Msb, K) [A man of evil nature or doings; or] a man who does what is evil, displeasing, grievous, or vexatious: (M, TA:) and رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ [the man of evil nature or doings &c.]: (S, K:) and ذِئْبُ السَّوْءِ [the wolf of evil nature &c.], as in a verse cited voce أَحَالَ, in art. حول: (S:) and عَمَلُ سَوْءٍ [a deed of evil nature]: (M, Msb:) and عَمَلُ السَّوْءِ [the deed of evil nature]: (Ham p. 498:) and نَعْتُ سَوْءٍ [an epithet of evil nature]: (O and K in art. سحق:) and سَعْفُ سَوْءٍ a bad commodity: (O and TA in art. سعف:) and if you make the former word determinate [by means of the article ال], you use the latter as an epithet [also], (M, * Msb, and Ham, p. 712, *) and you say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ [the evil man, or the man who does what is evil &c.]: (Msb, and Ham p. 712:) and العَمَلُ السَّوْءُ [the evil deed]: (Msb:) [this last phrase I hold to be correct, regarding السَّوْءُ in this case as originally an inf. n. of the intrans. verb سَآءَ, and therefore capable of being used as an epithet applied to anything; though] IB says that السَّوْءُ used as an epithet is applied to a man but not to a deed: (TA:) [in what here follows from the S, denying the correctness of another phrase mentioned above on the authority of lexicologists of high repute, there is, in my opinion, an obvious mistranscription, twice occurring, السَّوْءُ for السُّوْءُ, which I suppose to have passed from an early copy of that work into most other copies thereof, for I find it alike in all to which I have had access:] Akh says, one should not say الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, though one says الحَقُّ اليَقِينُ as well as حَقُّ اليَقِينِ; for السَّوْءُ is not the same as الرَّجُلُ, but اليَقِينُ is the same as الحَقُّ: he says, also, nor should one say, هٰذَا رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ with damm: (S:) [here the expres-sion “ with damm ” may perhaps be meant to refer to السوء in all of the three instances above; not in the last only:] IB says, [in remarking on this passage of the S, in which he appears to have read السُّوْء, with damm, in all of the three instances,] Akh allows one's saying رَجُلُ السَّوْءِ and رَجُلُ سَوْءٍ, with fet-h to the س in both; but not رَجُلُ السُّوْءِ, with damm to the س, because السُّوْءُ is a subst., meaning “ harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage,” and “ evilness of state or condition; ” and رَجُل is prefixed, as governing a gen. case, only to the inf. n.: and he adds that one says, هٰذَا الرَّجُلُ السَّوْءُ, not prefixing [the former noun to the latter, but using the latter as an epithet]. (TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in six places.

سُوْءٌ is the subst. from سَآءَهُ; (S, M, * K;) [so, app., accord. to the generality of the lexicologists;] or inf. n. (Ksh and Bd in ii. 46) of سَيِّئٌ, (Ksh ibid.,) or of سَآءَ, aor. ـُ (Bd ibid.,) or of سَآءَهُ [q. v.]; (TA;) signifying Evilness, badness, abominableness, foulness, or unseemliness; [and displeasingness, grievousness, or vexatiousness;] as, for instance, of natural disposition, and of doings: (Ksh ubi suprà:) vitious, immoral, unrighteous, sinful, or wicked, conduct: [hence, رَمَاهُ بِسُوْءٍ: see art. رمي:] anything disapproved, or disallowed; or regarded as evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly: (S, TA:) [an evil action or event:] evilness of state or condition: harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage: (IB, TA:) anything that is mentioned as being سَيِّئ [i. e. evil, &c.]: (Lth, TA:) any evil, evil affection, cause of mischief or harm or injury, noxious or destructive thing, calamity, disease, or malady: (M, K, TA:) [pl. أَسْوَآءٌ, accord. to a general rule.] The saying مَا أُنْكِرُكَ مِنْ سُوْءٍ means I do not disacknowledge thee in consequence of سُوْء [i. e. evilness, &c.,] that I have seen in thee, but only in consequence of my little knowledge of thee. (S.) لِنَصْرِفَ عَنْهُ السُّوْءَ وَالفَحْشَآءَ, in the Kur [xii. 24], is said by Zj to mean, [In order that we might turn away from him] unfaithfulness to his master, and adultery. (M, TA.) And سُوْءُ الحِسَابِ, in the Kur [xiii. 18, i. e. The evilness of the reckoning], is expl. by him as meaning a reckoning in which no good work will be accepted, and no evil work passed over; because infidelity will have made the former to be of no avail: or, as some say, it means a reckoning pursued to the utmost extent, in which no evil work will be passed over. (M, TA.) لَا خَيْرَ فِى قَوْلِ السُّوْءِ means There is no good in thy saying سُوْء [i. e. a thing that is evil; قول being here used in its original sense of an inf. n.]: but if you say ↓ السَّوْء, [you use قول in the sense of مَقُول, and] the meaning is, in evil speech. (TA as from the K, but not in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K.) سُوْءٌ accord. to one reading, and ↓ سَوْءٌ accord. to another, (K, TA, [but all that is given in this sentence as from the K is so given only on the authority of the TA, not being in the CK nor in my MS. copy of the K]) the latter of which readings is the more common, (TA,) in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السّوء, (K, TA,) in the Kur [ix. 99 and xlviii. 6], (TA,) mean Defeat, and evil; (K, TA;) and trial, or affliction, and torment; (TA;) and perdition, and destruction, or corruption: (K, TA:) and in like manner in the saying, أُمْطِرَتْ مَطَرَ السّوءِ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxv. 42]: (TA:) or السُّوْء means harm, injury, hurt, mischief, or damage; and evilness of state or condition; [as expl. before;] and ↓ السَّوْء, corruption, or destruction, or perdition: (K, * TA:) or السُّوْء in the phrase دَائِرَةُ السُّوْءِ means defeat and evil; and the reading ↓ السَّوْء is from [i. e. syn. with] المَسَآءَة [as inf. n.]. (S. [See also دَائِرَةٌ, in art. دور.]) Accord. to Zj, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 6], ↓ الظَّانِّينَ بِاللّٰهِ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ, (TA,) meaning ظَنَّ الأَمْرِ السَّوْءِ [i. e. Who opine, of God, the opining of the evil thing], (Bd,) it is allowable to read ظَنَّ السُّوْءِ; (T, TA;) and thus some read in this instance: (Jel:) but AM says, in the saying in the Kur [xlviii. 12], ↓ وَظَنَنْتُمْ ظَنَّ السَّوْءِ [And ye opined the evil opining], it is read only with fet-h, and damm to the س is not allowable in this instance, for there is in it no meaning of trial, or affliction, and torment: (TA:) [for this distinction, however, I see no reason; and it is not correct; for] السوء is with fet-h and with damm to the س in the three sentences [whereof this last is one] in which it occurs in this chapter. (Jel.) b2: In the Kur vii. 188, it is said to mean (assumed tropical:) Diabolical possession; or insanity, or madness. (M, TA.) b3: (tropical:) Leprosy, syn. بَرَصٌ, (Lth, S, M, K, TA,) is said to be its meaning in the Kur xx. 23 and xxvii. 12 and xxviii. 32. (S, TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) The fire: so in the Kur xxx. 9, accord. to the reading السُّوْءَ: (K, TA:) said to mean there Hell: but the reading commonly known is ↓ السُّوْءَى. (TA.) b5: And (assumed tropical:) Weakness in the eye. (K. [Thus, i. e. with damm to the س, in the CK and TK: in the TA said to be بالفتح; but this is evidently a mistake for بالضمّ.]) سَىْءٌ: see سَيِّئٌ.

سَوْءَةٌ The عَوْرَة [or pudendum], (S, Mgh, Msb,) i. e. (Msb) the فَرْج [which means the same, or the external portion of the organs of generation], (Lth, M, IAth, Msb, K,) of a man, and of a woman: (Lth, Msb, TA:) and the anus: (Az and TA in art. سوى:) dual سَوْءَتَانِ: and pl. سَوْآتٌ: so called because its becoming exposed to men displease [or shames] the owner thereof; (Msb;) or because of its unseemliness. (Ham p. 510.) In the Kur vii. 19, for سَوْآتِهِمَا, some read سَوَاتِهِمَا; and some, سَوَّاتِهِمَا. (Bd.) b2: In the Kur v. 34, it means The dead body, or corpse; (Bd, Jel;) because it is deemed unseemly to be seen. (Bd.) b3: Accord. to IAth, the former is the primary signification: and hence it is transferred to denote Any saying, or action, of which one is ashamed when it appears: (TA:) any evil, bad, abominable, foul, or unseemly, saying or action; (S, K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْآءُ: (M:) any disgracing action or thing: (Lth, TA:) an evil, abominable, or unseemly, property, quality, custom, or practics; (K, TA;) as also ↓ سَوْآءُ, or ↓ سَوْءَى; (accord. to different copies of the K; [the latter perhaps fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ like the former, of the same class as دَفْأَى and دَنْأَى, or fem. of ↓ سَوْآنُ, like عَطْشَى fem. of عَطْشَانُ;]) or so both of these; (TA;) or so ↓ سَوْءَةٌ سَوْآءُ: (S:) [or this last means a property, &c., that is very evil &c.] One says, سَوْءَةً لِفُلَانٍ May a disgracing action or thing befall such a one; [or disgrace, or shame, to such a one;] using the accus. case because it is an expression of reviling and imprecation. (Lth, TA.) [See also سَيِّئَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] b4: ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْءَى [or ↓ السَّوْءَةُ السَّوْآءُ] also means The contrarious wife or woman. (TA.) سَايَةٌ as used in the saying ضَرَبَ فُلَانٌ عَلَى فُلَانٍ

سَايَةً is held by some to be originally with ء, and of the measure فَعْلَةٌ, from السَّوْءُ; so that the saying means Such a one did to such a one a thing that caused displeasure to him; and did evil to him: others hold that the saying means such a one made a way to do what he desired to such a one; in which case, ساية is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ from سَوَّيْتُ; originally سَوْيَةٌ, which is changed into سَيَّةٌ, and then into سَايَةٌ, in like manner as دِوَّانٌ is changed into دِيوَانٌ. (Aboo-Bekr, TA.) [See the same word in art. سوى.]

سَوْءَى: see سَوْءَةٌ, in two places.

سُوْءَى is [fem. of ↓ أَسْوَأُ, q. v., as meaning More, and most, evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: and is also] a subst. signifying an evil, a bad, an abominable, a foul, or an unseemly, action; (Msb, TA;) i. q. فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [and سَيِّئَةٌ alone]: in this sense, [as well as in the former,] (TA,) contr. of حُسْنَى. (S, M, K, TA.) b2: In the Kur xxx. 9, (S, TA,) accord. to the reading commonly known, (TA,) [as contr. of الحُسْنَى,] السُّوْءَى means (assumed tropical:) The fire (S, K, TA) of Hell. (TA.) See also سُوْءٌ, last explanation but one.

سَوْآءُ: see أَسْوَأُ (of which it is said by some to be fem.) in two places: b2: and see also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places.

خَزْيَانُ سَوْآنُ is [app. an instance of the alteration of the latter of two epithets to assimilate it to the former, originally خَزْيَانُ أَسْوَأُ, meaning Ashamed, or base, or vile, or ignominious, and evil, bad, &c.,] from القُبْحُ. (M, TA.) b2: See also سَوْءَةٌ.

سَيِّئٌ, [originally سَيْوِئٌ (as will be shown below, voce سَيِّئَةٌ), then سَيْيِئٌ, and then سَيِّئٌ,] applied to a thing [of any kind], (Lth, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly; (Lth, Msb, TA;) contr. of حَسَنٌ: (Msb:) sometimes contracted into ↓ سَىْءٌ, like as هَيِّنٌ is contracted in هَيْنٌ, and لَيّنٌ into لَيْنٌ; as in the saying of Et-Tuhawee, وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ حَسَنٍ مِسَىْءٍ

وَلَا يَجْزُونَ مِنْ غِلَظٍ بِلِينِ [And they will not requite good with evil, nor will they requite roughness with gentleness]. (S.) You say قَوْلٌ سَيِّئٌ [An evil saying; or] a saying that displeases. (M, TA.) And فَعْلَةٌ سَيِّئَةٌ [An evil action or deed]. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur [xxxv. 41], وَمَكْرَ السَّيِّئِ وَلَا يَحِيقُ الْمَكْرُ السَّيِّئٌ

إِلَّا بِأَهْلِهِ [And in the plotting of that which is evil; but the evil plotting shall not beset any save the authors thereof]. (M, TA.) One says also, فُلَانٌ سَيِّئُ الاِخْتِيَارِ [Such a one is evil in respect of choice, or preference]. (S.) [See also the next paragraph.]

سَيِّئَةٌ [fem. of سَيِّئٌ, q. v.: and also a subst., being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة], originally سَيْوِئَةٌ, (S,) An evil act or action; contr. of حَسَنَةٌ; (Msb;) a fault, an offence, or an act of disobedience; or such as is intentional; a sin, a crime, or an act of disobedience for which one deserves punishment; syn. خَطِيْئَةٌ: (M, K:) pl. سَيِّئَاتٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., الحَسَنَةُ بَيْنَ السَّيِّئَتَيْنِ [The good act is between the two evil acts]; meaning that the exceeding of the just bounds is a سَيِّئَة, and the falling short thereof is a سَيِّئَة, and the pursuing a middle course between these two is a حَسَنَة. (TA.) [See also سَوْءَةٌ and سُوْءَى.] b2: Also; tropically, (tropical:) The recompense of a سَيِّئَة properly so termed [i. e. as expl. above]. (Msb in art. مكر.) b3: An evil, or evil accident; a calamity; a misfortune; (Ksh in iv. 81;) a trial, or an affliction; opposed to حَسَنَةٌ; (Ksh and Bd in iv. 80;) scarcity of herbage, or of the goods, conveniences, and comforts, of life; straitness of circumstances; and unsuccessfulness; thus [likewise] opposed to حَسَنَةٌ in the Kur iv. 80. (Er- Rághib, TA in art. حسن.) أَسْوَأُ; fem. سُوْءَى: see the latter word. One says, هُوَ أَسْوَأُ القَوْمِ He is the most evil, &c., of the people, or party; syn. أَقْبَحُهُمْ: and هِىَ السُّوْءَى

She is the most evil, &c. (Msb.) And the [common] people say أَسْوَأُ الأَحْوَالِ, meaning The [worst, or] most scanty, and weakest, of states or conditions. (Msb.) A2: [Also,] applied as an epithet to a man, (El-Umawee, M, TA,) Evil, bad, abominable, foul, unseemly, unsightly, or ugly: (ElUmawee, M, K, TA:) fem. ↓ سَوْآءُ, (El-Umawee, M, K,) which is thus applied to a woman; (ElUmawee, S, M;) or this is an instance of the measure فَععلَآءُ having no [masc. of the measure]

أَفَعَلُ. (M, TA.) See also سَوْءَةٌ, in four places. It is said in a trad. (M, TA) of the Prophet, or of 'Omar, (TA,) وَلُودٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ حَسْنَآءَ عَقِيمٍ ↓ سَوْآءُ [An ugly prolific woman is better than a beautiful barren one]. (M, TA.) مَسَآءَةٌ an inf. n. of سَآءَهُ: (S, M, K:) and [also a subst. signifying An evil, as being] a cause of grief or vexation; contr. of مَسَرَّةٌ: originally مَسْوَأَةٌ: and therefore the pl. is ↓ مَسَاوٍ, for مَسَاوِئُ; (Msb;) signifying also vices, faults, defects, or imperfections; (S, Msb, K, TA;) and diseases; (S, TA;) and acts of disobedience: (Msb:) so in the saying, بَدَتْ مَسَاوِيهِ His acts of disobedience, and vices, faults, &c., appeared: (Msb:) and الخَيْلُ تَجْرِى عَلَى مَسَاوِيهَا Horses run, notwithstanding their vices, or faults, &c., (S, Meyd, K,) and diseases; (S, Meyd;) for their generousness impels them to do so: (S, Meyd, K: but omitted in the CK:) and in like manner, the ingenuous generous man bears difficulties, and defends, or protects, what he is bound to defend or protect, or to regard as sacred, or inviolable, though he be weak, and practises generosity in all circumstances: (Meyd, TA:) or it is applied in relation to the protection and defence of what should be sacred, or inviolable, or of wives, or women under covert, and the members of one's household, notwithstanding harm, or injury, and fear: or it means that one may seek to defend himself by means of a man though there be in him qualities disapproved: (MF, TA:) but accord. to Lh, المَسَاوِى has no proper sing., like المَحَاسِنُ: (Meyd, TA: *) accord. to some of the writers on inflection, it is the contr. of المَحَاسِنُ, and an anomalous pl. of السُّوْءُ, being originally with ء. (TA.) مَسَاوٍ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شرف

1 شَرُفَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ (S, * O, * Msb, * K, TA) and شَرَافَةٌ, (TA,) said of a man, (S, O, TA,) He was, or became, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (K, TA:) [generally meaning he was high-born, or noble:] part. n. شَرِيفٌ [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) [See also شَرَفٌ, below.] b2: [Hence one says,] شَرُفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ His soul was above the thing; disdained, or scorned, it. (L in art. انف.) b3: شَرَفَتِ النَّاقَةُ, and شَرُفَت, (O, K,) aor. of each ـُ inf. n. شُرُوفٌ, (K,) reg. as of the former verb, and irreg. as of the latter, (TA,) The she-camel was, or became, such as is termed شَارِفٌ [q. v.]. (O, K.) A2: شَرَفَهُ, aor. ـُ (IJ, S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He overcame him, or surpassed him, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (IJ, S, O, K, TA;) and so شَرُفَ عَلَيْهِ: (Z, TA:) or he excelled him (طَالَهُ, K, TA, in the CK [erroneously] طاوَلَهُ,) in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour (فِى الــحَسَبِ). (K, TA.) See 3. b2: شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ, (K, TA,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْفٌ, (TA,) He put to the wall a شُرْفَة [q. v.]. (K, TA.) [See also 2.]

A3: شَرِفَتِ الأُذُنُ, and شَرِفَ المَنْكِبُ, aor. ـَ (K, TA,) inf. n. شَرَفٌ, (TA,) The ear, and in like manner the shoulder, was, or became, high, (K, TA,) and prominent: or, as some say, stood up. (TA.) A4: And شَرِفَ, [from شَرَفٌ signifying the “ hump ” of a camel,] (O, K,) said of a man, (O,) He kept constantly, or continually, to the eating of the [camel's] hump. (O, K.) 2 شرّفهُ, inf. n. تَشْرِيفٌ, He (God) rendered him high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, [in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled him:] (S, KL, * PS: *) and he held him, or esteemed him, to be so. (MA, PS.) ISd thinks that the verb may also mean He regarded with more, or exceeding, honour. (TA.) [And Golius explains it as meaning He decked with a royal garment; on the authority of the KL; in my copy of which I find no other meaning assigned to it than the first mentioned above.] One says, شَرَّفَ اللّٰهُ الكَعْبَةَ, (O, K, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) [God rendered, or may God render, the Kaabeh an object of honour, or glorious,] from الشَّرَفُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. المَجْدُ. (TA.) [تَشْرِيفٌ is also used as a subst. properly so called; and as such is expl. by itself in this art.] b2: Also He put to it شُرَف [pl. of شُرْفَةٌ, q. v.]; (O, K;) namely, his house, (K,) or a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر, &c.; inf. n. as above. (O.) [See also شَرَفَ الحَائِطَ.] b3: شرّف المَرْبَأَ, expl. in the K as syn. with اشرفهُ and شارفهُ, is a mistake for تشرّفهُ [q. v.]. (TA.) b4: شرّف النَّاقَةَ, inf. n. as above, means He almost severed the teats of the she-camel by binding them [tightly] with the صِرَار [q. v.]: (IAar, O, TA:) this being done for the preservation of her [stoutness of] body, and her fatness, so that burdens may be put upon her in the coming year. (TA.) b5: [شرّف, app. for شرّف العُنُقَ, is also said by Reiske, as mentioned by Freytag in his Lexicon, to signify He (a camel going along) raised the neck: but his authority for this is not stated.]3 شارفهُ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ, (TA,) He vied with him, or contended with him for superiority, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]; (S, O, K, TA;) ↓ فَشَرَفَهُ and he overcame, or surpassed, him therein. (TA.) b2: See also 5. b3: Also He was, or became, near to it; he drew near to it, or approached it; namely, a thing: and he was, or became, near to attaining it, [and in like manner شارف عَلَيْهِ, as used in the S and K in the beginning of art. بلغ, he was, or became, at the point of reaching it, or attaining it, namely, a place,] or of obtaining it, or getting possession of it: [and he was, or became, at the point of experiencing it, (See Bd in lxxviii. 14,) and doing it; followed by أَنْ and an aor. :] and, as some say, he looked for it, or expected it; his mind told him of it; he looked for its coming to pass. (TA.) See also 4, in two places.4 اشرف It rose; or it was, or became, high or elevated; [so as to overtop, or overlook, what was around it or adjacent to it: overtopped, surmounted, overpeered, overlooked, overhung; was, or became, protuberant, prominent, or projecting: and rose into view, came within sight or view, or became within a commanding, or near, view:] said of a place [&c.]. (Msb.) One says of a piece of ground, أَشْرَفَ عَلَى مَا حَوْلَهُ [It rose above, or overtopped, what was around it]. (Sh, TA.) And أَشْرَفَ لِى شَرَفٌ فَمَا زِلْتُ أَرْكُضُ حَتَّى

عَلَوْتُهُ [An eminence rose into view to me, and I ceased not to urge on my beast until I ascended, or mounted, upon it]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ I looked upon it, or viewed it, (S, O, Msb, K, *) from above; (S, O, K;) [I overlooked it, or looked down upon it: and I came in sight of it: got a view of it: and got knowledge of it; became acquainted with it; or knew it: all of which meanings may be intended to be conveyed by the explanation in the Msb, which is اِطَّلَعْتُ عَلَيْهِ:] and الشَّىْءَ ↓ شَارَفْتُ signifies the same as أَشْرَفْتُ عَلَيْهِ [app. in the first of the senses expl. in this sentence, as well as in another sense expl. in what follows]: (S, O:) and ↓ شَارَفُوهُمْ signifies the same as أَشْرَفُوا عَلَيْهِمْ. (TA.) b3: And اشرف عَلَى المَوْتِ He (a sick man) was, or became, on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death. (O, K.) and اشرف بِهِ عَلَى المَوْتِ [He made him to be on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of death]. (T and K in art. ذرف.) b4: And أَشْرَفَتْ نَفْسُهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ

His soul was vehemently eager for a thing. (Mgh. [See also 10.]) إِشْرَافٌ signifies The being eager, and the being vehemently eager: and hence the saying, in a trad., مَنْ أَخَذَ الدُّنْيَا بِإِشْرَافِ نَفْسٍ

لَمْ يُبَارَكْ لَهُ فِيهَا [Whoso takes the enjoyments of the present world with eagerness, or vehement eagerness, of soul, he will not be blessed therein]. (TA.) b5: And اشرف عَلَيْهِ He regarded him with solicitous affection or pity or compassion. (O, * K.) b6: [And اشرف لِى He, or it, came within sight, or view, to me; or came within a commanding, or near, view of me: see an ex. voce أَجْهَدَ; and another voce رَبَأَ.] b7: And [hence,] اشرف لَكَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became, or has become, within thy power or reach; or possible, practicable, or easy, to thee. (TA.) A2: See also 5, in two places.5 تشرّف, said of a man, is from الشَّرَفُ, (O,) and signifies صَارَ مُشَرَّفًا [He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]. (K.) b2: تشرّف بِهِ He became elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled; by, or by means of, him, or it: (MA:) [or he gloried, or prided himself, by reason of it, or in it; i. e.] he reckoned it, (S,) or regarded it, (O,) as a glory or an honour [to himself], (S, O,) and a favour. (O.) A2: تشرّف المَرْبَأَ, (S, O, TA,) in the K, erroneously, شَرَّفَهُ; (TA;) and ↓ اشرفهُ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ شارفهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَفَةٌ; (TA;) He (a man, S, O) ascended, or mounted, upon the elevated place of observation. (S, O, K.) And الشَّىْءَ ↓ اشرف and عَلَى الشَّىْءِ signify the same as [تشرّفهُ and] تشرّف عَلَيْهِ, i. e. He ascended, or mounted, upon the thing. (TA.) b2: It is said in a trad., with reference to certain future trials, or conflicts and factions, (فِتَن,) مَنْ

↓ تَشَرَّفَ لَهَا تَسْتَشْرِفْهُ i. e. Whoso finds a place of refuge [for escaping, or avoiding them, let them invite him, or cause him, to seek, or take, refuge, virtually meaning] let him seek, or take, refuge therein. (O, TA. *) A3: تُشُرِّفَ القَوْمُ The people, or party, had their أَشْرَاف [or eminent, or noble, men, pl. of شَرِيف,] slain. (O, K.) 8 اشترف He, or it, stood up, or upright, or erect; (S, O, TA;) and (TA) so ↓ استشرف [if this be not a mistranscription, which I incline to think it may be as the former verb (of which see the part. n. below) is not mentioned in the K]. (K, TA.) 10 استشرف الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) and لِلشَّىْءِ, (Msb in art. طمح,) He raised his eyes (S, O, Msb, K) towards the thing, (O, K,) or to look at the thing, (Msb,) or looking at the thing, (S,) and expanded his hand over his eyebrow like as does he who shades [his eyes] from the sun. (S, O, K.) A poet says, تَطَالَلْتُ وَاسْتَشْرَفْتُهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ آأَنْتَ زَيْدُ الأَرَامِلِ [I stretched up myself, and raised my eyes towards him, expanding my hand over my eyebrow like him who is shading his eyes from the sun; and I said to him, Art thou Zeyd-el-Arámil?]. (O.) b2: Hence, (TA,) أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَسْتَشْرِفَ العَيْنَ وَالأُذُنَ, (Mgh, * O, K, TA,) in a trad. (O, TA) relating to the sheep or goat to be slaughtered as a victim on the day of sacrifice, (TA,) means We have been commanded to pay much attention to the eye and the ear, and to examine them carefully, in order that there may not be any such defect as blindness of one eye or mutilation (Mgh, * O, K, TA) of an ear: (TA:) or, (Mgh, O,) as some say, (O,) [in the K “ that is,”] to seek that they be of high estimation, by being perfect (Mgh, * O, K) and sound: (Mgh, O:) or, accord. to some, it is from الشُّرْفَةُ signifying “ the choice ones,” or “ best,” of cattle; and the meaning is, we have been commanded to select them. (TA.) b3: And يَسْتَشْرِفُ مَعَالِىَ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) He desires, or seeks, [or raises his eye to,] the means of attaining eminence. (Msb in art. شوف.) b4: استشرف إِبِلَهُمْ means He (a man) smote their camels with the [evil] eye; syn. تَعَيَّنَهَا: (S, TA:) or he looked at them (تعيّنها) to smite them with the [evil] eye. (TA.) b5: استشرفهُ حَقَّهُ He defrauded him of his right, or due. (O, K.) A2: See also 5: A3: and 8.

Q. Q. 1 شَرْيَفْتُ الزَّرْعَ I cut off the شِرْيَاف [q. v.] of the seed-produce; (S, O;) and so شَرْنَفْتُهُ: (O and K * in art. شرنف:) of the dial. of El-Yemen: but Az doubts whether the word be with ن; and the ى and ن are both held by him to be augmentative. (O.) شَرْفٌ: see the next paragraph, near the end.

شَرَفٌ Highness, elevation, exaltation, or eminence, [in rank, condition, or estimation, in respect of religion or of worldly things: (see the first sentence of this art.:)] (S, O, Msb, K:) [generally meaning high birth:] glory, honour, dignity, or nobility; syn. مَجْدٌ: or not unless [transmitted] by ancestors: (K:) [for] accord. to ISk, شَرَفٌ and مَجْدٌ may not be unless [transmitted] by ancestors; but حَسَبٌ and كَرَمٌ may be in a man though he have not ancestors [endowed therewith]: (O:) or, (K,) accord. to IDrd, (O,) it signifies highness of حَسَب [which means grounds of pretension to respect or honour, consisting in any qualities (either of oneself or of one's ancestors) which are enumerated, or recounted, as causes of glorying]: (O, K:) and ↓ شُرْفَةٌ signifies the same as شَرَفٌ; (TA;) or the same as فَضْلٌ and شَرَفٌ [meaning a favour and a glory or an honour]; as in the saying, أَعُدُّ إِتْيَانَكُمٌ شُرْفَةً [I reckon your coming a favour, and a glory or an honour]; (O, K;) and أَرَى ذٰلِكَ شُرْفَةً [I regard that as a favour, and a glory or an honour]: (O:) the pl. of شَرَفٌ is أَشْرَافٌ, like as that of سَبَبٌ is أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) نُهْبَةٌ ذَاتُ شَرَفٍ means Spoil, or booty, of high value, at which men raise their eyes, and look, or which they smite with the [evil] eye: [see اِسْتَشْرَفَ إِبِلَهُمْ:] but the phrase is also related with س. (TA. See سَرَفٌ.) b2: See also شَرِيفٌ, with which, or with the pls. of which, it is said to be syn. b3: Also An elevated place; an eminence: (S, Mgh, O, K:) accord. to Sh, any piece of ground that overtops what is around it, whether extended or not, only about ten cubits, or five, in length, of little or much breadth in its upper surface: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَافٌ: (TA voce وَطْءٌ:) and مَشَارِفُ الأَرْضِ signifies the high, or elevated, places, or parts, of the earth or ground: (S, Msb, K:) sing. ↓ مَشْرَفٌ, with fet-h to the م and ر. (Msb. [See also مُشْرَفٌ.]) A poet says, آتِى النَّدِىَّ فَلَا يُقَرَّبُ مَجْلِسِى

وَأَقُودُ لِلشَّرَفِ الرَّفِيعِ حِمَارِى

[I come to the assembly, and my sitting-place is not made near to the chief person or persons, and I lead to the high elevated place my ass]: he means, I have become unsound in my intellect in consequence of old age, so that no profit is gotten from my opinion, and I am not able to mount my ass from the ground, unless from a high place. (S.) b4: [Hence, (tropical:) The brink, verge, or point, of some event of great magnitude, or of any importance: not well expl. as meaning] the being on the brink, or verge, or at the point, of some event of great importance, good or evil: (O, K:) one says in the case of good, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنْ قَضَآءِ حَاجَتِهِ (tropical:) [He is at the point of accomplishing the object of his want]: and in the case of evil, هُوَ عَلَى شَرَفٍ مِنَ الهَلَاكِ (tropical:) [He is on the brink, &c., of destruction]. (O, TA.) b5: And (tropical:) The hump of a camel. (O, K, TA.) b6: And app. sing. of أَشْرَافٌ in a sense expl. below: see the latter word. (TA.) A2: And A heat; a single run, or a run at once, to a goal, or limit: (O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Fr, about a mile: (O, K:) or about two miles. (TA as from the K and on the authority of Fr.) One says, عَدَا شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ [He ran a heat, or two heats]: (O:) and [in like manner,] اِسْتَنَّتٌ شَرَفًا أَوْ شَرَفَيْنِ, (O, K,) occurring in a trad., said of a mare, or of horses. (O.) A3: Also, (O, TA,) accord. to IAar, (O,) A red clay or earth: and i. q. مَغْرَةٌ [i. e. red ochre]; as also ↓ شَرْفٌ: accord. to Lth, a kind of trees, having a red dye: and said to be the same as [the Pers\.] دار پرنيان [i. e.

دَارْ پَرْنِيَان, meaning Brazil-wood, which is commonly called in Arabic بَقَّم]. (O, TA: * in the former of which, the Pers\. word here mentioned is written without the points to the پ; and in the latter, الدابرنيان.) شُرْفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, first quarter. b2: Also The choice ones, or best, of مَال [meaning cattle]. (S, O, K.) b3: The شُرْفَة of a [palace, or pavilion, or other building such as is called] قَصْر (S, O, Msb, K) [and of a mosque] is well-known; (K;) [An acroterial ornament, forming a single member of a cresting of a wall or of the crown of a cornice, generally of a fanciful form, and pointed, or small, at the top:] pl. شُرَفٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, TA,) a pl. of mult., and شُرُفَاتٌ and شُرَفَاتٌ and شُرْفَاتٌ, which are pls. of pauc., or, as some say, شرفات [i. e.

شُرُفَاتٌ] is pl. of ↓ شُرُفَةٌ, with two dammehs: EshShiháb says that شُرْفَات is expl. as meaning the highest portions of a قَصْر; but what are thus termed are only what are built on the top of a wall, distinct from one another, [side by side, like merlons of a parapet,] according to a well-known form: (TA:) the شُرْفَة is what is called by the [common] people ↓ شُرَّافَة: (Ham p. 824:) the شُرَّافَة of a mosque is a word used by the lawyers, and is one of their mistakes, as IB has notified: so says MF: its pl. is شَرَارِيفُ. (TA.) b4: The شُرُفَات (thus with two dammehs, K) of a horse are The neck and قَطَاة [i. e. croup, or rump, or part between the hips or haunches,] thereof. (O, K.) شُرُفَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرِيفٌ High, elevated, exalted, or eminent, (S, O, * Msb, K, TA,) [in rank, condition, or estimation,] in respect of religion or of worldly things: (TA:) [generally meaning high-born, or noble:] possessing glory, honour, dignity, or nobility: or such, and having also [such] ancestry: (TA:) [using it as not implying highness, or nobility, of ancestry,] you say, هُوَ شَرِيفٌ اليَوْمَ [He is high, or noble, to-day], and عَنْ قَلِيلٍ ↓ شَارِفٌ as meaning one who will be شَرِيف [after a little while]: (Fr, S, K:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَشْرَافٌ and [of mult.]

شُرَفَآءُ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ شَرَفٌ, so in the K, app. denoting that this last is one of the pls. of شريف, and it is said in the O that شَرَفٌ is syn. with شُرَفَآءُ; but in the L it is said that it is syn. with شَرِيفٌ; and hence the saying هُوَ شَرَفُ قَوْمِهِ meaning He is the شَرِيف of his people, and كَرَمُهُمْ meaning the كَرِيم of them; and thus it has been expl. as used in a trad.: (TA:) [but both these assertions are probably correct; for it seems to be, agreeably with analogy, an inf. n. used as an epithet, and therefore applicable to a single person and to a pl. number, and also to two persons, and likewise to a female as well as to a male.] b2: [By the modern Arabs, and the Turks and Persians, it is also applied, as a title of honour, to Any descendant of the Prophet; like سَيِّد. And, with the article ال, particularly to the descendant of the Prophet who is The governor of Mekkeh; now always a vassal of the Turkish Sultán.]

شُرَافِىٌّ, applied to a [lizard of the kind called]

ضَبّ, and to a jerboa, Large in the ears, and in the body: (TA:) and so شُرَافِيَّةٌ applied to a she-camel; (O, K, TA;) as also ↓ شَرْفَآءُ. (TA.) and أُذُنٌ شُرَافِيَّةٌ i. q. شُفَارِيَّةٌ [q. v.], (K, TA,) or An ear that is high, long, and having hair upon it. (IDrd, O, TA.) See also أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ, voce أَشْرَفُ. b2: Also A kind of white garments or cloths: (O, K: *) or a garment, or piece of cloth, that is purchased from a country of the foreigners adjacent to the land of the Arabs. (As, O, K. *) شُرَّافَةٌ; pl. شَرَارِيفُ: see شُرْفَةٌ.

شِرْيَافٌ (S, O, K) and شِرْنَافٌ (O and K in art. شرنف) [but see Q. Q. 1] The leaves of seedproduce that have become so long and abundant that one fears its becoming marred; wherefore they are cut off. (S, O, K.) شَارِفٌ: see شَرِيفٌ. b2: Applied to a she-camel, (assumed tropical:) High [app. meaning much advanced] in age: (A, TA:) or advanced in age; (S, O, K;) decrepit; (IAar, K;) as also شَارِفَةٌ: (K:) [see دَلُوقٌ, in three places:] pl. شُرْفٌ, like بُزْلٌ and عُوذٌ pls. of بَازِلٌ and عَائِذٌ, (S, O,) or شُرُفٌ, like كُتُبٌ, (K,) or the latter is allowable in poetry, (O,) or the former is a contraction of the latter, (IAth, TA,) and شَوَارِفُ [also pl. of شَارِفَةٌ] (O, K) and شُرَّفٌ and شُرُوفٌ: (K:) it is said that شَارِفٌ is not applied to the he-camel; but it is so applied, as well as to the she-camel, accord. to the Towsheeh of El-Jelál. (TA.) Hence, as being likened to black decrepit she-camels, (Aboo-Bekr, TA,) الشُّرُفُ الجُونُ, with two dammehs, [which I think a mistake, unless it mean with a dammeh to each word,] (K,) or الشَّرْفُ الجُونُ, (O, IAth, TA,) occurring in a trad., meaning (assumed tropical:) [Trials, or conflicts and factions,] like portions of the dark night: (O, * K, * TA:) thus expl. by the Prophet: (O, TA:) but some relate it otherwise, with ق, (K,) saying الشُّرْقُ الجون, pl. of شَارِقٌ, (O, * TA,) meaning “ [trials, &c.,] rising (O, K, TA) from the direction of the east. ” (O, TA.) b3: Also applied to an arrow, as meaning Old: (S, O, K:) and applied to a garment or a piece of cloth [app. in the same sense]: (A and TA voce طَرِيدٌ:) or an arrow long since laid by [expl. by بَعِيدُ العَهْدِ بِالصِّيَابَةِ; but I think that the right reading is بعيد العهد لِالصِّيَانَةِ, and have assumed this to be the case in my rendering]: or of which the feathers and the sinews [wherewith they are bound] have become uncompact: or slender and long. (TA.) b4: دَنٌّ شَارِفٌ [A wine-jar] of which the wine is old. (TA.) b5: And شَارِفٌ [alone] A receptacle for wine, such as a خَابِيَة and the like thereof. (O, K.) الشَّارُوفُ A kind of cord or rope; syn. حَبْلٌ: [so in the O, and in one of my copies of the S: in my other copy of the S, and in the K, جَبَلٌ, i. e. the name of a certain mountain:] a postclassical word. (S, O.) b2: And شَارُوفٌ also signifies A broom: (S, O, K:) a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, from جَارُوبٌ, (O, K,) originally جَاىْ رُوبْ, which means “ a place-sweeper. ” (O.) أَشْرَفُ [More, and most, high, elevated, exalted, or eminent, in rank, condition, or estimation; &c.; generally meaning more, and most, high-born or noble; (see شَرِيفٌ;)] surpassing in شَرَف. (S, O.) b2: مَنْكِبٌ أَشْرَفُ A high shoulder; (S, O, K;) such as has a goodly rising; which implies what is termed إِهْدَآء [inf. n. of أَهْدَأَهُ, and here app. meaning the “ being curved in the back ”]. (TA.) And أُذُنٌ شَرْفَآءُ A long ear; (S, O, K;) standing up; rising above what is next to it: and so اذن ↓ شُرَافِيَّةٌ. (TA.) b3: See also شُرَافِىٌّ [أَشْرَفُ also signifies Having a prominent, or an apparent, ear: opposed to أَسَكُّ, q. v. b4: Hence,] الأَشْرَفُ is an appellation of The bat; (O, K, TA;) because its ears are prominent and apparent: it is bare of downy and other feathers, and is viviparous, not oviparous: so in the saying of Bishr Ibn-ElMoatemir, وَطَائِرٌ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَكْرُ وَطَائِرٌ أَشْرَفُ ذُو جُرْدَةٍ

[And a flying thing that has prominent and apparent ears and a denuded body, and a flying thing that has no nest]: (O, TA:) in the K is added, and another bird, that has no nest, &c.: but this is taken from an explanation of the latter hemistich of the verse cited above; which explanation is as follows: (TA:) the bird that has no nest is one of which the Bahránees [so in the TA, but accord. to the O “ the sailors,”] tell that it does not alight save while it makes, of the dust, or earth, a place in which it lays its eggs, and which it covers over; then it flies into the air, and its eggs break open of themselves at the expiration of the term thereof; and when its young ones are able to fly, they do after the habit of their parents. (O, L, TA: and the same is said, less fully, in the K.) b5: مَدِينَةٌ شَرْفَآءُ A city having شُرَف, (Mgh, O, K, *) pl. of شُرْفَةٌ [q. v.]: (O:) the pl. of أَشْرَفُ and of شَرْفَآءُ, accord. to rule, is شُرْفٌ. (Mgh. [In the copies of the K, الشُّرُفُ is erroneously said to be pl. of الشَّرْفَآءُ.]) It is said in a trad. of Ibn-' Abbás, أُمِرْنَا أَنْ نَبْنِىَ المَدَائِنَ شُرْفًا وَالمَسَاجِدَ جُمًّا i. e. We have been commanded to build cities with شُرَف and mosques without شُرَف. (Mgh, O. *) أَشْرَافٌ The ears and nose of a man: (O, K, TA:) its sing. in this sense is not mentioned: it is app. ↓ شَرَفٌ; like سَبَبٌ, sing. of أَسْبَابٌ. (TA.) تَشْرِيفٌ inf. n. of 2 [q. v.]. (S &c.) b2: [and also a post-classical term applied to An honorary present, such as a garment &c.: and a letter, i. e. an epistle, considered as conferring honour: pl. تَشْرِيفَاتٌ.]

مَشْرَفٌ: see شَرَفٌ, in the middle of the paragraph: and see also what here next follows.

مُشْرَفٌ, (O, K,) like مُكْرَمٌ, (K,) or ↓ مَشْرَفٌ [q. v. voce شَرَفٌ], (so in my two copies of the S,) A place from which one overlooks, i. e. looks upon, or views, [a thing] from above. (S, O, K.) b2: Hence the saying in a trad., مَا جَآءَكَ مِنْ هٰذَا المَالِ وَأَنْتَ غَيْرُ مُشْرَفٍ وَلَا سَائِلٍ فَخْذْهُ (O, TA) i. e. [What comes to thee of this property] thou not coveting nor looking for it [nor asking it, take it]. (O.) مُشْرِفٌ [part. n. of 4;] High; (S, Mgh, Msb;) [or overtopping; &c.;] applied to a mountain, (S,) or a place. (Mgh, Msb.) سُيُوفٌ مَشْرَفِيَّةٌ Certain swords, (S, O, K,) so called in relation to مَشَارِفُ, (S,) or in relation to مَشَارِفُ الشَّامِ, (O, Msb, K,) i. e. certain towns, or villages, of the land of the Arabs, near to the رِيف [q. v.]: (S, O, Msb, K:) so says AO: (S, O:) or, as some say, this is a mistake, and they are so called in relation to a place of El-Yemen: (Msb:) [or, accord. to some, in relation to المَشَارِفُ, certain towns, or villages, near Howrán: (see De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., sec. ed., iii. 53:)] and it is said that مَشْرَف was the name of a blacksmith who made swords: (TA:) one says سَيْفٌ مَشْرَفِىٌّ, (S, O, Msb,) not مَشَارِفِىٌّ, because a rel. n. is not formed from a pl. of the measure of مَشَارِفُ. (S, O.) مُشَرَّفٌ [Elevated, or exalted, in rank, condition, or estimation; or ennobled]; (K, TA;) an epithet applied to a man; from الشَّرَفُ. (TA.) A2: Also A garment, or piece of cloth, dyed with the red clay or earth [&c.] called شَرَف. (IAar, TA.) مَشْرُوفٌ (S, TA) and مَشْرُوفٌ عَلَيْهِ (Z, TA) Overcome, or surpassed, in شَرَف [i. e. highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation; or nobility]. (S, Z, TA.) مُشْتَرِفٌ A horse high in make. (S, O, K.)

تبع

1 تَبِعَهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ inf. n. تَبَعٌ (S, Msb, K) and تَبَاعَةٌ, (S, K,) He followed; or went, or walked, behind, or after; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) him, (Mgh, Msb, K,) or it; namely, a people, or company of men: (S:) or [in the CK “ and ”] he went with him, or it, when the latter had passed by him: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ signifies the same; (Lth, S, K *) and so does ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ: (Lth, Mgh, K:) or ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ signifies I overtook them, they having gone before me; (Fr, * A'Obeyd, S, Msb, * K;) as also تَبِعْتُهُمْ: (Fr, K:) Akh says that تَبِعْتُهُ and ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ signify the same: and hence the saying in the Kur [xxxvii. 10], شِهَابٌ ثَاقِبٌ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ [and a shooting star piercing the darkness by its light overtaketh him]: (S:) and the saying in the same [vii. 174], ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُ الشَّيْطَانُ and the devil overtook him: (TA:) and the saying in the same [xx. 81], فِرْعَوْنُ ↓ فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ بِجُنُودِهِ and Pharaoh overtook them with his troops: or almost did so: (Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or this signifies made his troops to follow them; (TA;) the ب, accord. to some, being redundant: (Bd:) or ↓ أَتْبَعَهُ signifies he followed his footsteps; and sought him, following him: (TA:) but ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُمْ signifies he went [after them, or followed them,] when they had passed by him; as also تَبِعَهُمْ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ: you say, ↓ حَتَّى أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ ↓ مَا زِلْتُ أَتَّبِعُهُمْ, i. e. [I ceased not to follow them] until I overtook them: (A'Obeyd:) Fr says that ↓ أَتْبَعَ is better than ↓ اِتَّبَعَ; for the latter signifies he went behind, or after, him, when the latter person was going along; but when you say, ↓ أَتْبَعْتُهُ, it is as though [you meant that] you followed his footsteps: (TA:) and ↓ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا ↓ اِتَّبَعَ [as in the L and TA, but perhaps a mistake for ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] signifies also he followed him, desiring to do evil to him; like as Pharaoh followed Moses: (L, TA:) some say, تَبِعْتُ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تُبُوعٌ, meaning I went after the thing: and تَبِعَ الشَّىْءَ, inf. n. تَبَعٌ and تَبَاعٌ, (assumed tropical:) [he followed the thing] in respect of actions: (L, TA:) you say, تَبِعَ الإِمَامَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Imám [by doing as he did]: (Msb:) [but in this last sense, more commonly,] one says, ↓ اِتَّبَعَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) he did like as he [another] did: (TA:) and القُرْآنَ ↓ اِتَّبَعَ (assumed tropical:) he followed the Kurán as his guide; did according to what is in it: (TA:) and you say also, عَلَى الأَمْرِ ↓ تَابَعَهُ; (Msb;) or على كَذَا, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ and تِبَاعٌ; (S;) (assumed tropical:) [he followed him, or imitated him, in the affair;] (Msb;) he followed him, or imitated him, in doing such a thing: (PS:) [but this last phrase has another meaning: see 3.] In the saying, لَا يُتْبَعُ بِنَارٍ إِلَى القَبْرِ, [in which the verb may be pass. of تَبِعَ or of ↓ أَتْبَعَ,] or, accord. to one relation, ↓ لا يُتَّبَعُ, each in the pass. form, [Fire shall not be made to follow to the grave, though it may be rendered one shall not follow with fire to the grave, it is said that] the ب is to render the verb transitive. (Mgh.) b2: تَبِعْتُ الرَّجُلَ بِحَقِّى; and بِهِ ↓ تَابَعْتُهُ, inf. n. مُتَابَعَةٌ [and probably تبَاعٌ also]; and به ↓ اِتَّبَعْتُهُ; I prosecuted, or sued, the man for my right, or due. (TA.) The saying in the Kur [ii. 173], بِالْمَعْرُوفِ ↓ فَاتِّبَاعٌ means [Then] prosecution for the bloodwit [shall be made with lenity]. (TA.) b3: تَبِعَ, of which the aor. ـَ occurs in a trad., [see 4,] (Mgh, TA,) pronounced by the relaters of trads. with teshdeed, [↓ يَتَّبِع,] (TA,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) He accepted a reference from his debtor to another for the payment of what was owed to him. (Mgh, TA. *) 2 تَبَّعَ اللّٰهُ لِفُلَانٍ, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ, May God make a thing to be followed by another thing to such a one, is said in relation to good and to evil; like سَبَّعَ لَهُ. (TA in art. سبع.) A2: See also 5.3 تِبَاعٌ [and مُتَابَعَةٌ, the inf. ns. of تَابَعَ,] i. q. وِلَآءٌ [The making a consecution, or succession, of one to the other, بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ between two things, or affairs: and the making consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like: see 6]. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., تَابِعُوا بَيْنَ الحَجِّ والعُمْرَةِ [Make ye a consecution between the حجّ and the عمرة; meaning make ye the performance of the حجّ and that of the عمرة to be consecutive]; (TA;) i. e. when ye perform the حجّ, then perform ye the عمرة; and when ye perform the عمرة, then perform ye the حجّ: or when ye perform either of these, then perform ye after it the other, without any length of time [intervening]: but the former [meaning] is the more obvious. (Marginal note in a copy of the Jámi'-es-Sagheer of Es-Suyootee.) And you say, تَابِعْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى الخَيْرَاتِ (assumed tropical:) Make thou us to be followers, or imitators, of them in excellencies. (TA.) And تابع الأَغَانِىَّ [He sang songs consecutively, successively, or uninterruptedly]. (S and K in art. جر.) And تابع إِسْقَاطَهُ [He made it to fall, fall down, drop, drop down, or tumble down, in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط: in the CK اَسْقاطَهُ.) And تابع الفَرَسُ الجَرْىَ (assumed tropical:) [The horse prosecuted, or continued, the course, or running, uninterruptedly]. (K voce هَلَبَ; &c.) And هُوَ يَتَابِعُ الحَدِيثَ (tropical:) He carries on the narrative, or discourse, by consecutive progressions, or uninterruptedly: or, as Z says, pursues it, or carries it on, well. (TA.) [See also a similar phrase in what here follows.] b2: تابع القَوْسَ He pared, or trimmed, the bow well, giving to each part thereof what was its due. (K, TA.) Skr says that the phrase تُوبِعَ بَرْيُهَا, used by Aboo-Kebeer El-Hudhalee in describing a bow, means The paring, or trimming, of which has been executed with uniformity, part after part. (TA.) b3: Hence, (TA,) the saying of Abu-l-Wákid ElLeythee, (S, TA,) in a trad., (S,) تَابَعْنَا الأَعْمَالَ فَلَمْ نَجِدْ شَيْئًا أَبْلَغَ فِى طَلَبِ الآخِرَةِ مِنَ الزُّهْدِ فِى

الدُّنْيَا (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) We have practised works with diligence, and acquired a sound knowledge of them, [and we have not found anything more efficacious in the pursuit of the blessings of the world to come than abstinence in respect of the enjoyments of the present world.] (S, * TA.) Yousay also, تابع عَمَلَهُ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He made his work sound, or free from defect: (Kr, S:) and in like manner, كَلَامَهُ his language, or speech. (Kr.) b4: [Hence also,] تابع المَرْعَى الإِبِلَ (tropical:) The pasture fattened the camels well and thoroughly. (K, TA.) b5: تابعهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) He aided, assisted, or helped, him to do the thing, or affair. (TA.) b6: See also 1, where another meaning of the same phrase is mentioned, in the latter half of the paragraph. b7: تَابَعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى: see 1, near the end of the paragraph.4 اتبعهُ: see 1, from the beginning nearly to the end.

A2: Also He made him to follow; or to overtake: (S, K:) he made him to be a follower: (Mgh, Msb:) or he urged him, or induced him, to be a follower. (Mgh.) You say, [making the verb doubly trans.,] أَتْبَعْتُهُمْ غَيْرِى [I made them to follow, or overtake, another, not myself]. (K.) and أَتْبَعْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ فَتَبِعَهُ [I made him to follow, or overtake, the thing, and he followed it, or overtook it]. (S.) And أَتْبَعْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا I made Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr: (Mgh, Msb:) or I urged, or induced, Zeyd to be a follower of 'Amr. (Mgh.) And أَتْبَعَهُ نَفْسَهُ مُتَحَسِّرًا عَلَى مَا فَاتَ (assumed tropical:) [He made his mind, or desire, to follow after it, regretting what had passed away]. (TA in art. عجز.) [See also 10.] It is said in a prov., (TA,) أَتْبِعِ الفَرَسَ لِجَامَهَا [Make thou its bit and bridle to follow the horse]: or النَّاقَةَ زِمَامَهَا [her nose-rein, the she-camel]: or الدَّلْوَ رِشَآءَهَا [its rope, the bucket]: used in bidding to complete a favour, or benefaction: (K, TA:) A'Obeyd says, I think the meaning of the first prov. to be, Thou hast liberally given the horse, and the bit and bridle are a smaller matter; therefore satisfy thou completely the want, seeing that the horse is not without need of the bit and bridle. (TA.) b2: Hence the trad., مَنْ أُتْبِعَ عَلَى مَلِىْءٍ فَلْيَتْبَعْ (tropical:) Whoso is referred, for the payment of what is owed to him, to a solvent man, let him accept the reference: (Mgh, TA: *) [see also 1, last meaning:] the verb being made trans. by means of على because it conveys the meaning of إِحَالَةٌ. (Mgh.) You say [also], أُتْبِعَ فُلَانٌ بِفُلَانٍ (tropical:) Such a one was referred, for the payment of what was owed to him, to such a one. (S, TA.) And أَتْبَعَهُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) He referred him, for the payment of what was owed to him, to him. (TA.) b3: [See also إِتْبَاعٌ, below.]5 تتبّعهُ, inf. n. تَتَبُّعٌ, (Lth, S, Msb, * K,) for which ↓ اِتِّبَاعٌ is used by El-Kutámee, tropically, (S,) or, accord. to Sb, because the same in meaning; (TA;) and ↓ تبعّه, inf. n. تَتْبِيعٌ; (S, K; *) He pursued it; investigated it; examined it; hunted after it; prosecuted a search after it; made successive, or repeated, endeavours to attain it, to reach it, or to obtain it; or sought it, sought for it, or sought after it, successively, time after time, or repeatedly, or in a leisurely manner, by degrees, gradually, step by step, bit by bit, or one thing after another, (Lth, S, * Msb, K, * TA,) following after it. (S.) Hence the saying of Zeyd Ibn-Thábit, respecting the collecting of the Kur-án, فَعَلِقْتُ أَتَتَبَّعُهُ مِنَ اللِّخَافِ وَالعُسُبِ [and I set myself to seeking to collect it successively, &c., from the thin white stones and the leafless palm-branches upon which it was written]. (TA.) And تتبّع البِلَادَ يَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَرْضٍ إِلَى أَرْضٍ [He investigated the countries, going forth from land to land]. (S and K in art. قرى.) And فُلَانٌ يَتَتَبَّعُ

أَثَرَ فُلَانٍ [Such a one pursues, &c., the track of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَسَاوِىَ فُلَانٍ [He seeks successively, &c., to discover the vices, faults, or evil qualities or actions, of such a one]. (TA.) And يَتَتَبَّعُ مَدَاقَّ الأُمُورِ وَنَحْوَ ذٰلِكَ [He pursues small, or little, affairs; and the like thereof: or he seeks successively, &c., to obtain a knowledge of the subtilties, niceties, abstrusities, or obscuri-ties, of things, or affairs; and the like thereof]. (TA.) And تتبّع الحَبْلَ [He took successive holds of the rope]: said of a man descending from a part of a mountain such as is termed شِيق, by means of a rope tied to that part, to a place in which honey was deposited. (TA in art. شيق.) 6 تتابع It was, or became, consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like; syn. تَوَالَى. (K.) Yousay, تتابع سُقُوطُهُ [Its falling, falling down, dropping, dropping down, or tumbling down, was, or became, consecutive, &c.; i. e. it fell, fell down, &c., in consecutive portions or quantities]. (M and K in art. سقط.) And تتابع القَوْمُ The people, or company of men, followed one another. (Msb.) and تَتَابَعَتِ الأَشْيَآءُ, and الأَمْطَارُ, and الأُمُورُ, The things, and the rains, and the events, came one after another, each following near upon another. (Lth.) And it is said in a trad., تَتَابَعَتْ عَلَى قُرَيْشٍ سِنُو جَدْبٍ [Years of dearth, drought, or sterility, came consecutively upon Kureysh]. (TA.) b2: تتابع الفَرَسُ (tropical:) The horse ran evenly, not raising one of his limbs [above its fellow]. (TA.) b3: تتابعت الإِبِلُ (tropical:) The camels became fat and goodly. (TA.) 8 إِتَّبَعَ see 1, throughout: and see also 5.10 استتبعهُ He desired, or demanded, of him that he should follow him: (TA:) or he made him to follow him. (L.) [See also 4.]

تِبْعٌ A follower of women: (Lh, * Az:) or a passionate lover, and follower, of a woman, (K,) whithersoever she goes: (TA:) and with ة, of a man: (Lh:) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ a sedulous seeker of women. (K.) [See تَابِعٌ.] You say also, هُوَ تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ, meaning He is a follower of women: and تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٌ one in whom is no good, and with whom is no good: or, accord. to Th, you only say تِبْعُ ضِلَّةٍ. (TA.) b2: هٰذَا تِبْعُ هٰذَا This is what follows this. (M in art. تلو.) b3: See also تَبِيعٌ, in two places.

تَبَعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, in six places.

رَجُلٌ تُبَعٌ لِلْكَلَامِ A man who makes his speech consecutive, one part to another. (Yoo, K. *) بَقَرَةٌ تَبْعَى A cow desiring [and therefore following] the bull. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) تَبِعَةٌ and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ signify the same; (T, S, O, L, K;) [The consequence of an action: and] a claim which one seeks to obtain for an injury, or injurious treatment, and the like: (T, O, L, K; and so the Msb in explanation of the former word:) the former is also explained as signifying a right, or due, annexed to property, claimed from the possessor of the property: (L:) pl. [of the former]

تَبِعَاتٌ and [of the latter] تِبَاعَاتٌ. (TA.) A poet says, زَمَنَ التَّقَحُّمِ وَالمَجَاعَهْ أَكَلَتْ حَنِيفَةُ رَبَّهَا

↓ سُوْءَ العَوَاقِبِ وَالتِّبَاعَهْ لَمْ يَحْذَرُوا مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ [Haneefeh ate their lord, in the time of experiencing dearth, or drought, or sterility, and hunger: they did not fear, from their lord, the evil of the results, and the consequence of their action]: for they had taken to themselves a god consisting of حَيْس, [i. e. dates mixed with clarified butter and the preparation of milk called أَقِط, kneaded together,] and worshipped it for some time; then famine befell them, and they ate it. (S.) And one says, مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ اللّٰهِ فِى هٰذَا تَبِعَةٌ, and ↓ تِبَاعَةٌ, There is not, against him, on the part of God, in this, any claim on account of wrong-doing. (TA.) تَبِيعٌ [One who is prosecuted, or sued, for a right, or due; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from تَبِعْتُهُ بِحَقِّى;] one who owes property to another, (S, K, TA,) and whom the latter prosecutes, or sues, for it. (TA.) A2: The young one of a cow in the first year; (S, Msb, K;) so says Aboo-Fak'as El-Asadee: (TA:) or that is a year old; (Az, Mgh, TA;) not so called until he has completed the year; erroneously said by Lth to signify a calf ripening to his perfect state: (Az, TA:) thus called because he yet follows his mother; (Mgh, Msb;) the word in this sense being of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (Msb:) and ↓ تِبْعٌ signifies the same: (TA:) fem. of the former with ة: (S, Msb, K:) pl. تِبَاعٌ and تَبَائِعٌ; (AA, S, O, K;) both pls. of تَبِيعٌ; (AA, S, O;) or the former is pl. of تَبِيعَةٌ; (Msb;) and the pl. of تَبِيعٌ is أَتْبِعَةٌ [a pl. of pauc.]; (L, Msb;) and أَتَابِعُ and أَتَابِيعُ, the latter of which is extr., are pls. of أَتْبِعَةٌ: (L:) the pl. of ↓ تِبْعٌ in the abovementioned sense is أَتْبَاعٌ. (TA.) Accord. to EshShaabee, (IF,) One whose horns and ears are equal [in length]: (IF, K:) but this is a judicial explanation; not deduced from the rules of lexicology. (IF.) b2: I. q. ↓ تَابِعٌ [as signifying One who prosecutes, or sues, for a right, or due; and particularly for blood-revenge]. (S, K.) Hence the saying in the Kur [xvii. 71], ثُمَّ لَا تَجِدُوا لَكُمْ عَلَيْنَا بِهِ تَبِيعًا Then ye shall not find for you any to prosecute for blood-revenge, nor any to sue, against us therein: (Fr. S, K:) or ye shall not find for you any to sue us for the disallowing of what hath befallen you, nor for our averting it from you: (Zj:) [or any aider against us; for]

تَبِيعٌ also signifies an aider; and especially against an enemy. (Lth, K.) b3: See also تَابِعٌ, latter half.

تِبَاعَةٌ: see تَبِعَةٌ, in three places.

تُبَّعٌ An appellation of each of the Kings of El-Yemen (S, K) who possessed Himyer and Hadramowt, (K, TA,) and, as some add, Sebà; (TA;) but not otherwise; (K, TA;) and the like of this is said in the 'Eyn: (TA:) so called because they followed one another; whenever one died, another took his place, following him in his course of acting: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِعَةٌ, (S, K,) with ة added as having the meaning of a rel. n.; [as though it were pl. of تُبَّعِىٌّ, like as حَنَابِلَةٌ is pl. of حَنْبَلِىٌّ;] erroneously written in some of the copies of the K تتابعة: (TA:) the تبابعة of Himyer were like the أَكَاسِرَة of the Persians and the قَيَاصِرَة of the Romans. (Lth.) In the Kur xliv. 36, it is said in a trad. to mean a particular king, who was a believer, and whose people were unbelievers. (Zj.) b2: And hence, (TA,) A species of the يَعَاسِيب [or kings of the bees], (K,) the greatest and most beautiful thereof, whom the other bees follow: (TA:) pl. تَبَابِيعُ; (K;) in the L, تَتَابِعُ [which is probably a mistranscription for تَبَابِعُ]. (TA.) b3: A species of طَيْر [which means any flying things, as well as birds; and may therefore, perhaps, be meant to indicate what next precedes]. (S.) b4: The shade, or shadow; (S, K;) because it follows the sun; as also ↓ تُبُّعٌ. (K.) A poet says, (S,) namely, Soadà El-Juhaneeyeh, (TA,) or Selmà El-Juhaneeyeh, (marginal note in a copy of the S,) bewailing her brother, As'ad, يَرِدُ المِيَاهُ حَضِيرَةٌ وَنَفِيضَةً

وِرْدَ القَطَاةِ إِذَا اسْمَأَلَّ التُّبَّعُ (S) [He comes to the waters when people are dwelling, or staying, there, (but see حَضِيرَةٌ,) and when no one is there, as the bird called katáh comes to water] when the shade has become contracted at mid-day: or, accord. to Aboo-Leylà, the meaning is, the shade of night; i. e., this man comes to the waters in the last part of the night, before any one: though it means also the shade of day-time: (TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, the meaning here is [the star, or asterism, called] الدَّبَرَان; and this is very probably correct; for the bird above mentioned comes to the waters by night, and seldom by day; and hence the saying, أَدَلُّ مِنْ قَطَاةٍ. (Az, TA.) See تَابِعٌ. b5: See also تِبْعٌ. b6: مَا أَدْرِى أَىُّ تُبَّعٍ هُوَ I know not who of men he is. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) b7: تُبَّعٌ is also a pl. of تَابِعٌ [q. v.]. (TA.) تُبُّعٌ: see تُبَّعٌ.

تَبُّوعُ الشَّمْسِ A certain wind, (K, TA,) also called النُّكَيْبَآءُ, (TA,) which blows (K, TA) in the early morning, (TA,) with the rising of the sun, (K, TA,) from the direction of the wind called الصَّبَا, unaccompanied by rising clouds, (TA,) and veers round through the various places whence winds blow until it returns to the place from which blows the wind called الصبا, (K, TA,) whence it commenced in the early morning: (TA:) the Arabs dislike it. (Z, TA.) تَابِعٌ Following; a follower: (TA:) and ↓ تَبَعٌ also signifies the same as تَابِعٌ; (K;) a thing that follows in the track of a thing; (Lth, Az;) or that is at the kinder, or latter, part of anything; (TA;) but is used alike as sing. and pl.: (S, Msb, K:) the pl. of تَابِعٌ is تُبَّعٌ and تُبَّاعٌ (TA) [and, applied to rational beings, تَابِعُونَ]: and the pl. of ↓ تَبَعٌ is أَتْبَاعٌ; (S, K;) or this may be used as a pl. of تَبَعٌ; (Msb;) or it is pl. of تَابِعٌ, like as خَدَمٌ is pl. of خَادِمٌ, (Kr, Mgh,) and طَلَبٌ of طَالِبٌ, &c.; (K;) or, correctly speaking, it is a quasi-pl. n. (Sb, TA.) You say, ↓ المُصَلِّى تَبَعٌ لاِمَامِهِ [The person praying is a follower of his Imám]: and النَّاسُ تَبَعٌ لَهُ [The people are followers of him]. (Msb.) And it is said in the Kur [xiv. 24, and xl. 50], ↓ إِنَّا كُنَّا لَكُمْ تَبَعًا [Verily we were followers of you]: (S, TA:) in which the last word may be a quasi-pl. n. of تَابِعٌ; or it may be an inf. n., meaning ذَوِى تَبَعٍ. (TA.) ↓ تَبَعٌ is applied as an epithet to the legs of a beast: (Lth, T:) and is also used as [an epithet in which the quality of a subst. is predominant,] signifying The legs of a beast. (K.) b2: A jinnee, or genie, that accompanies a woman and follows her whithersoever she goes, (K, TA,) loving her: (TA:) and تَابِعَةٌ a jinneeyeh, or female genie, that does the same to a man: (S, * K, TA:) or the ة is added in the latter to give intensiveness to the signification, or to denote evilness of nature, or to convey the meaning of دَاهِيَةٌ, q. v.: the pl. is تَوَابِعُ: and this means female associates. (TA.) b3: A servant; as also ↓ تَبِيعٌ. (TA.) أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُولِى الإِرْبَةِ, in the Kur [xxiv. 31], accord. to Th, means Or the servants of the husband, such as the old man who is perishing by reason of age, and the aged woman. (TA.) b4: See also تَبِيعٌ. b5: [Also One next in the order of time after the صَحَابَة; like ↓ تَابِعِىٌّ. b6: And in grammar, An appositive.] b7: تَابِعُ النَّجْمِ [The follower of the asterism; i. e., of the Pleiades;] a name of الدَّبَرَان [the Hyades; or the five chief stars thereof; or the brightest star among them, a of Taurus]: this name being given to it as ominous of good; (K;) or as ominous of evil: (O:) or so called because it follows the Pleiades: (T:) also called التَّابِعُ, (T in art. دبر, Sh, IB, and others,) and ↓ تُوَيْبِعٌ, (K,) which is the dim., (TA,) or التُّوَيْبِعُ, (T in art. دبر,) and ↓ تُبَّعٌ, (K,) or التُّبَّعُ [q. v.], (Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer, T,) and ↓ التَّبَعُ, (IB, Z,) and التَّالِى, and الحَادِى, (IB,) or حادى النُّجُومِ , (S in art. جدح ,) or حادى النَّجْمِ . (Kzw and others.) [See also المِجْدَحُ.]

تَابِعِىٌّ: see تَابِعٌ.

تُوَيْبِعٌ: see تَابِعٌ, last sentence.

إِتْبَاعٌ in language is when one says the like of حَسَنٌ بَسَنٌ (S, K) and قَبِيحٌ شَقِيحٌ: (S:) The putting, after a word, an imitative sequent, i. e. another word similar to the former in measure or in its رَوِىّ, by way of pleonasm, or for fulness of expression, and for corroboration; (Mz 28th نوع, and Kull p. 11;) the latter word being one not used alone, and having no meaning by itself, as in بسَنٌَ حَسَنٌ; or being one which has a meaning of its own, as in هَنِيْئًا مَرِيْئًا . (Kull ubi suprà.) b2: [Also The latter of such two words; i. e. an imitative sequent. b3: And used in the former sense, as an inf. n., it denotes various other kinds of assimilation, i. e., of one word to another preceding or following it, and of one vowel to another preceding or following it in the same word.]

مُتْبِعٌ She who has with her children, or young ones: (Lh:) or a ewe, or she-goat, and a cow, and a girl, having her offspring following her: (K:) or a cow having a تَبِيع, q. v.: and IB mentions also مُتْبِعَةٌ as signifying the same: and a female servant followed by her offspring whither she comes and goes. (TA.) مَتْبُوعٌ [pass. part. n. of 1. b2: In grammar, The antecedent of a تَابِع, i. e., of an appositive.]

مُتَابَعٌ (assumed tropical:) Anything made, or executed, soundly, thoroughly, well, or so as to be free from defect. (K, * TA.) مُتَتَابِعٌ Consecutive, successive, or uninterrupted, in its progressions, or gradations, or the like. (TA.) You say لُؤْلُؤٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ Pearls following one another, or doing so in uninterrupted order. (TA.) And صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ The fasting of two consecutive months. (TA.) b2: غُصْنٌ مُتَتَابِعٌ (tropical:) An even, or a uniform, branch, in which are no knots. (K, * TA.) And فَرَسٌ مُتَتَابِعُ الخَلْقِ (tropical:) A horse symmetrical in make, (A, K,) justly proportioned in his limbs or parts. (A, TA.) and رَجُلٌ مُتَتَابِعُ العِلْمِ (tropical:) A man whose knowledge is uniform, consistent, without incongruity. (K, * TA.)

وسط

1 وَسَطَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. وَسْطٌ (S, Msb, K) [and وُسُوطٌ (as shown below)] and سِطَةٌ, (S, K,) He sat, [or was, or became,] in the middle, or midst, of the people, or company of men; (K;) or among them: (TA;) i. q. ↓ توسّطهُمْ; (S, K;) or بَيْنَهُمْ ↓ توسّط: (Msb:) and in like manner, وَسَطَ المَكَانَ [he was, or became, or sat, in the middle, or midst, of the place]: (Msb:) and وَسَطَ الشَّىْءَ, and ↓ وسّطهُ, and ↓ توسّطهُ, he was, or became, in the middle, or midst, of the thing: and [in like manner] وُسُوطُ الشَّمْسِ signifies السَّمَآءَ ↓ تَوَسُّطُهَا [The sun's being, or becoming, in the middle, or midst, of the sky]. (M.) b2: وَسَطَ الشَّىْءَ also signifies He, or it, was, or became, in the best part of the thing, most remote from the two extremes. (TA.) And وَسَطَهُ He alighted, or took up his abode, in, or among, the best, or most generous, thereof. (M.) and وَسَطَ الرَّجُلُ قَوْمَهُ, and فِى قَوْمِهِ, inf. n. وَسَاطَةٌ, The man occupied, or held, a middle place, [meaning the best place, or one of the best places,] among his people, in respect of truth and equity. (Msb.) And وَسَطَ قَوْمَهُ فِى الــحَسَبِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. سِطَةٌ, [He held a middle, or good, or the best, rank among his people in regard of grounds of pretension to respect.] (M.) And وَسُطَ فِى

حَسَبِــهِ, [aor. ـْ inf. n. وَسَاطَةٌ and سِطَةٌ, [He held a middle, or good, or the best, rank in regard of his grounds of pretension to respect;] (M, TA;) and وَسَطَ signifies the same; (M;) and so does ↓ وسّط, (M, TA,) inf. n. تَوْسِيطٌ. (TA.) [See وَسَطٌ, below.]2 وسّطهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَوْسِيطٌ, (S, K,) He put it in the middle, or midst. (S, K.) b2: And [so in the S, but in the K “ or,”] He cut it [in the middle, or midst, i. e.] in two halves. (S, K.) [See the pass. part. n., below.] b3: [In the Kur, c. 5,] some read, فَوَسَّطْنَ بِهِ جَمْعًا [which may mean And have put in the midst, thereby, a company of the enemy: or have divided in two halves, thereby, &c.: or have thereby become in the midst of a company of the enemy]: (S, TA:) others read فَوَسَطْنَ. (TA.) See 1, first sentence. b4: وسّط فى حَسَبِــهِ: see 1, last sentence.5 تَوَسَّطَ see 1, first sentence, in four places. b2: توسّط بَيْنَ النَّاسِ He mediated, or interceded, between the men, or people, for the purpose of accommodation; from وَسَطَ الرَّجُلُ قَوْمَهُ and فِى

قَوْمِهِ, explained above; (Msb;) or from وَسَاطَةٌ; (S;) he made mediation, or intercession, (عَمِلَ الوَسَاطَةَ,) between them. (K.) b3: توسّط also signifies He took what was of a middle sort, between the good and the bad. (K.) وَسْط, with the س quiescent, is an adv. n.; [as such written وَسْطَ, meaning In the middle of: in the midst of; or among;] (S, M, IB, Mgh, K;) and it is for this reason that it has its middle letter quiescent, (S, IB,) like بَيْنَ (IB) with which it is syn.; (IB, Msb;) [for] it may be used in any case in which بَيْنَ may be substituted for it; (S, IAth, K;) and, like بَيْنَ, it does not denote a part of the thing denoted by the noun to which it is prefixed, wherein differing from ↓ وَسَط. (S, IB, K.) You say, جَلَسْتُ وَسْطَ القَوْمِ (S, IB, Msb) I sat [in the middle of, or in the midst of,] or among, the people, or company of men, (IB, Msb;) not being one of them. (IB.) And وَسْطَ رَأْسِهِ دُهْنٌ [In the middle of his head is oil]; not meaning a component part of the head. (IB.) And it is said in a trad.

الجَالِسُ وَسْطَ الحَلْقَةِ مَلْعُونٌ [The sitter in the midst of the ring is cursed]: for he must of necessity turn his back towards some of those who surround him, and so displease them; wherefore they curse him and revile him. (IAth.) b2: It may not [properly] be used as a decl. n., (IB,) i. e. as an inchoative, (Mgh,) nor as an agent, nor as an objective complement; (IB, Mgh) &c.; thus, also, differing from ↓ وَسَط; unless it have the adverbial particle [فِى] prefixed to it; in which case it has the sense of وَسَط, and you say, جَلَسْتُ فِى وَسْطِ القَوْمِ and فى وَسْطِ رَأْسِهِ دُهْنٌ [like as you say جَلَسْتُ وَسْطَ القَوْمِ and وَسْطَ رَأْسِهِ دُهنٌ, explained above]: and sometimes it is used as a subst., preserving the quiescence [and the adverbial form], like as بَيْنَ is used as a subst. though virtually an adv. n., in cases like that where it is said in the Kur, [vi. 94,] لَقَدْ تَقَطَّعَ بَيْنَكُمْ [meaning مَا بَيْنَكُمْ, or, as explained in the Expos. of the Jel., وَصْلُكُمْ بَيْنَكُمْ]: (IB:) or وَسْط is sometimes used for ↓ وَسَط, improperly; (S;) or it may be so used; (Msb;) or it is so used by poetic license; (M;) or, as some say, each of them may take the place of the other; and this seems the most likely: (IAth:) or one says وَسْط, with sukoon, only, of that whereof the component parts are separate, or distinct, (IAth, K *,) such as a number of men, and beasts of carriage, &c.; (IAth;) and ↓ وَسَط, (IAth,) or both, (K,) of that whereof the component parts are united, (IAth, K *,) such as a house, and the head, (IAth,) or such as a ring: (K:) it is related, as on the authority of Th, that الشَّىْءِ ↓ وَسَطُ and وسْطُهُ [both meaning The middle, or midst, of the thing] are said when the thing is solid; but when its component parts are separate, or distinct, the word is وَسْطٌ, with sukoon, exclusively. (M.) وَسَطٌ [The middle, midst, or middle part, of a thing; i. e.,] properly, the part of which several lateral, or outer, portions are equal; as, for instance, the middle finger: but also meaning the part which is surrounded, or enclosed, on its several sides, although unequally: (Msb:) or the part that is between the two sides or extremities of a thing; (M, IB, Mgh, K;) [or the part, or point, that is between every two opposite extremities of a thing; and properly when equidistant;] as, for instance, the centre of a circle: (Mgh:) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ, (M, K,) which is [likewise] a subst., like أَفْكَلٌ and أَزْمَلٌ [but imperfectly decl. because originally an epithet]: (M:) وَسَطٌ has its middle letter with fet-h in order that it may agree in measure with its contr., which is طَرَفٌ; the like agreement being frequent: (IB:) and it is only used in cases in which بَيْنَ may not be substituted for it, herein [and in other respects, mentioned in the next preceding paragraph,] differing from وَسْط: (S, IB, K:) [respecting the similar and dissimilar usages of وَسَط and وَسّط, sufficient observations have been made in the next preceding paragraph, which see throughout, and more especially in its latter part:] the pl. of وَسَطٌ is أَوْسَاطٌ; and that of its syn. ↓ أَوْسَطُ is أَوَاسِطُ; or this may be a pl. of ↓ وَاسِطٌ, and originally وَوَاسِطُ. (M.) You say, جَلَسْتُ فِى

وَسَطِ الدَّارِ [I sat in the middle, or middle part, of the house]; (S, Mgh, Msb;) because وَسَط is a subst. (S.) And إِتَّسَعَ وَسَطُهُ [The middle, or middle part, thereof, became wide]. (Mgh, Msb.) And ضَرَبْتُ وَسَطَ رَأْسِهِ [I smote the middle, or middle part, of his head]. (Mgh, * Msb.) And كَسَرْتُ وَسَطَ الرُّمْحِ [I broke the middle, or middle part, of the spear]. (IB.) And وَسَطُهُ خَيْرٌ مِنْ طَرَفِهِ [The middle, or middle part, thereof is better than the extremity]. (Mgh, Msb.) And خَيَرُ الأُمُورِ أَوْسَاطُهَا The best of affairs, or actions, or cases, are such of them as are between two extremes. (M. [See R. Q. 1, in art. حق.]) It is sometimes put in the accus. case as an adv. n.; as in the saying, جَلَسْتُ وَسَطَ الدَّارِ; but this is an instance of departure from the original usage; and [the meaning is جَلَسْتُ فِى وَسَطِ الدَّارِ signifying as explained above; so that] it is not here syn. with بَيْنَ, like as وَسْطَ is. (IB.) b2: It is also used as an epithet: (IB, Mgh:) [as such signifying Middle; intermediate; midway, or equidistant, between the two extremities or extremes; in place, or position: but in this sense superseded in usage by ↓ أَوْسَطُ and ↓ وَاسِطٌ and ↓ مُتَوَسِّطٌ: and in time; but in this sense also superseded in usage by ↓ أَوْسَطُ:] middling; of middle sort, kind, or rate; (Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ (S, * M, Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ مُتَوَسِّطٌ (M, Mgh, Msb) and ↓ وَسُوطٌ (M, TA) [and ↓ وَسِيطٌ]; between good and bad; (Msb, TA;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (Msb:) conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; just; equitable: (Zj, S, K:) good; (Zj, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ وَسِيطٌ: (M:) most conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; most just; most equitable; applied to what is so of a thing; (S, M, K;) whatever it be; (S, K;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطَ: (M:) best; (Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (S, * Msb, K *:) most generous: (M:) and when used as an epithet, it is applied alike to a masc., fem., sing., dual, and pl., subst.: (Mgh:) the fem. of ↓ أَوْسَطُ is وُسْطَى; (Mgh, Msb;) and the pl. masc. أَوَاسِطُ; and pl. fem. وُسَطٌ. (Msb.) Hence, (Msb,) ↓ الإِصْبَعُ الوُسْطَى (S, Msb, K) The middle finger. (Msb.) And ↓ اليَوْمُ الأَوْسَطُ [The middle day]. (Msb.) And ↓ اللَّيْلَةُ الوُسْطَى [The middle night. (Msb.) And ↓ العَشَرَةُ الأَوَاسِطُ, meaning The [ten middle] days. (Msb.) And العَشْرُ

↓ الوُسَطُ, meaning The [ten middle nights: not ↓ العَشْرُ الأَوْسَطُ; for this is a vulgar mistake, into which relaters of traditions have fallen; or it may be a mistake of transcription. (Msb.) and ↓ الصَّلٰوةُ الوُسْطَى, (M, Mgh, &c.,) mentioned in the Kur, [ii. 239,] (M, K,) meaning The middle prayer (Bd, TA) between the other prayers, (Bd,) or between the prayers of the night and the day; (TA;) or the most excellent of them in particular: (Bd:) i. e. the prayer of the afternoon; ('Alee Ibn-Abee-Tálib, I'Ab, and others, Mgh, Bd, K;) because the prophet said, on the day of the Ahzáb, “they have diverted us from الصلوة الوسطى, the prayer of the afternoon: ” (Bd:) or the prayer of daybreak; (also said to be on the authority of 'Alee, Mgh, Bd, K;) because it is between the prayers of the night and the day; (Bd;) for the saying of the prophet mentioned above does not contravene this and other assertions, since what is meant in the trad. is not what is meant in the Kur: (K:) or, (M, K,) accord. to Abu-l-Hasan, (M,) the prayer of Friday; (M, K;) because it is the most excellent of the prayers; (M;) and he who says otherwise errs, unless he trace up the assertion to the prophet: (M, K:) these three opinions are of the strongest authority; (B;) and the first is that which commonly obtains: (Mgh:) or the prayer of noon; (Mgh, Bd, Msb, K;) because it is in the middle of the day: (Bd:) or the prayer of Friday on the day thereof; but on other days the prayer of noon: (K, and also said to be on the authority of 'Alec:) or the prayer of sunset: (Mgh, Bd, K:) or the prayer of nightfall: (Bd, K:) or [the night-prayer called] الوِتْر: (K:) or the prayer of the breaking of the fast: (K:) or the prayer of sacrifices: (K:) or the prayer of the period called the ضُحَى: (K:) or the prayer of the congregation: (K:) or the prayer of fear: (K:) or the prayers of nightfall and daybreak together: (K, and said to be on the authorities of 'Omar and 'Othmán:) or the prayers of daybreak and the afternoon together: (K:) or any of the five prayers; because before it are two prayers and after it are two prayers: (K:) or all the divinely-appointed prayers: (K:) or certain prayers not particularized: (K:) or prayer of middling length, between long and short. (K.) Hence also, شَىْءٌ وَسَطٌ A middling thing; a thing of middle sort or kind; (Msb;) between good and bad; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ أَوْسَطُ: (Msb:) and in like manner it is applied to a male slave, and a female slave, (Msb,) and two male slaves, and two sheep or goats. (Mgh.) And مَا تُطْعِمُونَ ↓ مِنْ أَوْسَطِ

أَهْلِيكُمْ, in the Kur, [v. 91,] Of the middle sort of that which ye give for food to your families, (Mgh, Msb,) between what is prodigal and what is niggardly. (Mgh.) And ↓ النَّمَطُ الأَوْسَطُ The middle class of men: occurring in a saying of 'Alee, cited in full in art. غط. (M.) And عَلِّمْنِى

↓ دِينًا وَسُوطا Teach thou to me a religion of the middle sort: occurring in a saying of an Arab of the desert to El-Hasan, cited in full voce فَرَطَ. (M, TA.) And جَعَلْنَاكُمْ أَمَّةً وَسَطًا, in the Kur, [ii. 137,] (S, Mgh, Msb,) [We have made you to be a nation] conforming, or conformable, to the just mean; just; equitable: (Zj, S, IB, Bd, K:) or good. (Zj, Bd, Msb, K.) And مَرْعًى

وَسَطٌ Choice pasturage. (M.) And رَجُلٌ وَسَطٌ A good man; as also ↓ وَسِيطٌ: (M:) or a man having good grounds of pretension to respect. (TA.) And فِى قَوْمِهِ ↓ فُلَانٌ وَسِيطٌ, (S, K *,) or بَيْنَهُمْ, (as in some copies of the K,) Such a one is the best of his people (↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ) in race, and the highest of them in station. (S, K.) and الدَّارِ وَالــحَسَبِ ↓ فُلَانٌ وَسِيطُ [Such a one is of good quality, or of the best quality, in respect of tribe, and of grounds of pretension to honour]. (Lth.) And هُوَ مِنْ وَسَطِ قَوْمِهِ, and ↓ من أَوْسَطِهِمْ, He is of the best of his people. (Msb.) And in like manner, هُوَ مِنْ وَسَطِ الشَّىْءِ, and ↓ من أَوْسَطِهِ, It is of the best of the thing. (Msb.) And قَالَ

↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ in the Kur, lxviii. 28, The best of them said: (Jel:) or the most rightly directed, of them, to the truth: (Msb:) or it means ↓ أَوْسَطُهُمْ رَأْيًا [the most remote, of them, from either extreme, in judgment]; or سِنًّا [in age]. (Bd.) وَسُوطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in two places.

وَسِيطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in five places. b2: A mediator, or an intercessor, for the purpose of accommodation, (O, K,) between people, (O,) or between two persons engaged in mutual altercation or litigation. (K.) وَسَاطَةٌ [originally an inf. n.: (see 1:) b2: and hence, as a subst., Mediation, or intercession]. (S, K: see 5.) b3: وَسَاطَةُ الدَّنَانِيرِ The best of deenárs. (TA.) وَسِيطَةٌ A mean, or means: pl. وَسَائِطُ.]

وَاسِطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as a subst., and also as an epithet. b2: وَاسِطُ الكُورِ, (Lth, S, K,) or الرَّحْلِ, (ISh, Az, M,) and ↓ وَاسِطَتُهُ, (Lth, M, K,) and ↓ مَوْسِطَتُهُ, (Lh, M, [or perhaps ↓ مُوسِطَتُهُ, corresponding to ↓ مُؤْخِرَتُهُ,]) The fore-part of the camel's saddle: (S, K:) accord. to Lth, (Az, TA,) the part, of the camel's saddle, which is between the تَادِمَة and the آخِرَة; (Az, M, L;) but this is a mistake; (Az, L;) for the واسط of the camel's saddle is one of the شَرْخَانِ, (ISh, Az, L,) which are its two extremities, [or upright pieces of wood,] like the قَرَبُوسُانِ of the horse's saddle, (Az, L,) between which the rider sits; (ISh, Az, L;) it is the extremity which is next to the head of the camel; (Az, L;) the tall forepart next to the breast of the rider, (ISh, Az, L,) against which the breast of the rider sometimes strikes; (TA, in art. نحز;) the آخِرةَ being the extremity which is next to the tail of the camel; (Az, L;) the hinder part of the saddle, which is its tall and broad piece of wood that is against (تُحَاذِى) the head of the rider: (ISh, Az, L:) the former of these is not called واسط as being a middle part between the آخرة and the قادمة, as Lth says; nor has the camel's saddle any [part called] قادمة. (Az, L.) b3: الوَاسِطُ also signifies The piece of wood that is in the middle, between the two pieces called the عِضَادَتَانِ, in the yoke that is upon the neck of a bull which draws a cart or the like. (L in art. عضذ.) وَاسِطَةٌ The jewel that is in the middle of a قِلَادَة [or necklace], which is the best thereof; (S;) the large pearl (دُرَّة) that is in the middle thereof, which is the most precious of the beads thereof. (L.) b2: [In modern Arabic, A means of doing a thing. You say, بِوَاسِطَةِ كَذَا By means of such a thing. b3: Also, An intermediary, interposer, or agent between parties; a go-between.] b4: See also وَاسِطٌ. b5: هُوَ فِى

وَاسِطَةٍ مِنَ العَيْشِ (assumed tropical:) He is in a good condition of life. (Er-Rághib, TA, in art. حف.) أَوْسَطُ; fem. وُسْطَى; pl. masc. أَوَاسِطُ; pl. fem.

وُسَطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as a subst., in two places; and as an epithet, throughout.

مُوسَطٌ What is in the middle of a بَيْت [i. e. house, or tent, &c.], particularly. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) مَوْسِطَةٌ, or مُوسِطَةٌ: see وَاسِطٌ.

قَتَلَ فُلَانًا مُوَسَّطًا He slew such a one cut [in the middle, or midst,] in two halves. (TA.) [This mode of slaughter, termed تَوْسِيطٌ, was often practised under the rule of the Egyptian Sultáns; many instances thereof being mentioned by ElMakreezee and other historians. See De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., 2nd ed., vol. i. p. 468.]

مُتَوَسِّطٌ: see وَسَطٌ, as an epithet, in two places.

زوج

2 زوّج شَيْئًا بِشَىْءٍ, and زوّجهُ إِلَيْهِ, [inf. n. تَزْوِيجٌ,] He coupled, or paired, a thing with a thing; united it to it as its fellow, or like. (TA.) So in the Kur [xliv. 54 and lii. 20], زَوَّجْنَاهُمْ بِحُورٍ عِينٍ

We will couple them, or pair them, [with females having eyes like those of gazelles:] (S, Mgh, K, TA:) the meaning is not the تَزْوِيج commonly known, [i. e. marriage,] for there will be no [such] تزويج in Paradise. (MF, TA.) And so in the Kur [lxxxi. 7], وَإِذَا النُّفُوسُ زُوِّجَتْ and when the souls shall be coupled, or paired, or united with their fellows: (TA:) i. e., with their bodies: (Bd, Jel:) or, each with its register: (Bd:) or with its works: (Bd, TA:) or the souls of the believers with the حُور, and those of the unbelievers with the devils: (Bd:) or when each sect, or party, shall be united with those whom it has followed. (TA.) And so in the phrase, زَوَّجْتُ إِبِلِى I coupled, or paired, my camels, one with another: (A:) or زَوَّجْتُ بَيْنَ الإِبِلِ I coupled, or paired, every one of the camels with another. (TA.) So too in the Kur [xlii. 49], أَوْ يُزَوِّجُهُمْ ذُكْرَانًا وَإِنَاثًا Or He maketh them couples, or pairs, males and females: or, accord. to AM, maketh them of different sorts [or sexes], males and females: for b2: تَزْوِيجٌ signifies [also] The making to be of different sorts or species [&c.]. (TA.) b3: زَوَّجْتُهُ امْرَأَةً, (T, S, A, * Mgh, Msb, K,) thus the Arabs say accord. to Yoo (S, Mgh) and ISK, (Mgh,) making the verb doubly trans. by itself, [without a particle,] meaning I married him, or gave him in marriage, to a woman; (Msb, TA;) as also بِامْرَأَةٍ; (A, K;) Akh says that this is allowable [app. as being of the dial. of Azd-Shanooäh (see 5)]: (Msb, TA:) [when the verb is trans. by means of بِ, it generally has the meaning expl. in the first sentence of this art.:] زَوَّجْتُ مِنْهُ امْرَأَةً is not of the language of the Arabs: (T, Mgh, TA:) [but see a similar phrase in a verse cited in art. حصن, conj. 4:] the lawyers say, زَوَّجْتُهُ مِنْهَا [meaning I married him to her]; but this is a phrase for which there is no reasonable way of accounting, unless that it is accord. to the opinion of those who hold that مِنْ may be redundant in an affirmative proposition, or that of those who hold that it may be substituted for بِ. (Msb.) 3 زاوجهُ, [inf. n. مُزَاوَجَةٌ and زِوَاجٌ] It, or he, was, or became, a couple, or pair, with it, or him: or made a coupling, or pairing, with it, or him. (MA.) [And زَاوَجَا They two formed together a couple, or pair.] b2: [And زاوجا, inf. n. as above, They married each other.] You say, هُذَيْلٌ يُزَاوِجُ عِكْرِمَةَ [The tribe of Hudheyl intermarry with that of 'Ikrimeh]. (A. [See also 6.]) b3: زاوج بَيْنَهُمَا and ↓ ازوج (tropical:) [He made them two (referring to sentences or phrases) to have a mutual resemblance in their prose-rhymes, or in measure: or to be connected, each with the other; or dependent, each on the other]. (A, TA.) See also 8, in three places.4 أَزْوَجَ see the next preceding paragraph.5 تَزَوَّجْتُ امْرَأَةً, (T, S, A, * Mgh, Msb, K,) thus the Arabs say accord. to Yoo (S, Mgh) and ISK, (Mgh,) meaning I married a woman; i. e., took a woman in marriage; took her as my wife; (Msb, TA;) as also بِامْرَأَةٍ; (A, * K;) or this is rare; (K;) Akh says that it is allowable; (Msb, TA;) and it is said to be of the dial. of AzdShanooäh, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) by Fr; (S, TA;) but accord. to Yoo (S, Mgh) and ISK, (Mgh,) it is not of the language of the Arabs. (T, S, Mgh.) And تزوّج فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ (A, Msb, TA) He married, or took a wife, among the sons of such a one. (Msb, TA.) And تزوّج إِلَيْهِ i. q. خَاتَنَهُ [He allied himself to him by marriage]. (K in art. ختن.) b2: [Hence,] تزوّجهُ النَّوْمُ (assumed tropical:) Sleep pervaded him; syn. خَالَطَهُ. (K.) 6 تزاوج القَوْمُ and ↓ اِزْدَوَجُوا The people, or party, married one another; intermarried. (TA. [See also 3.]) b2: See also the next paragraph, in three places.8 اِزْدَوَجَتِ الطَّيْرُ [The birds coupled, or paired, one with another]. (TA.) b2: See also 6. b3: اِزْدَوَجَا and ↓ تَزَاوَجَا [and ↓ زَاوَجَا], said of two phrases, or sentences, (A, TA,) (tropical:) They bore a mutual resemblance in their prose-rhymes, or in measure: or were connected, each with the other; or dependent, each on the other: and in like manner, ازدوج and ↓ تزاوج, said of a phrase, or sentence, (tropical:) It was such that one part of it resembled another in the prose-rhyme, or in the measure: or consisted of two propositions connected, each with the other; or dependent, each on the other: (TA:) اِزْدِوَاجٌ and ↓ مُزَاوَجَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ تَزَاوُجٌ (S) are syn.: (S, A, * K:) ازدواج signifies A conformity, or mutual resemblance, [with respect to sound, or measure,] of two words occurring near together; as in the phrase مِنْ سَبَأٍ بِنَبَأٍ

[in the Kur xxvii. 22]: (Kull p. 31:) and this is also termed ↓ مُزَاوَجَةٌ and مُحَاذَاةٌ and مُوَازَنَةٌ and مُقَابَلَةٌ and مُؤَازَاةٌ. (Marginal note in a copy of the Muzhir, 22nd نوع.) زَاجٌ [Vitriol;] a well-known kind of salt; (K, TA;) called شَبٌّ يَمَانِىٌّ; [but see شَبٌّ;] which is a medicinal substance, and one of the ingredients of ink: (Lth, TA:) [pl. زَاجَاتٌ, meaning species, or sorts, of vitriol; namely, green, or sulphate of iron, which is an ingredient in ink, and is generally meant by the term زاج when unrestricted by an epithet; blue, or sulphate of copper; and white, or sulphate of zinc:] it is a Pers\. word, (S,) arabicized, (S, K,) originally زاگ. (TA.) زَوْجٌ primarily signifies A sort of thing of any kind [that is one of a pair or couple]: and زَوْجَانِ signifies a pair, or couple, i. e. any two things paired or coupled together, whether they be likes or contraries: زَوْجٌ signifying either one of such two things: (Az, TA:) or, accord. to 'Alee Ibn-'Eesà, a sort of thing [absolutely]: (Mgh:) or a sort of thing having its like, (El-Ghooree, Mgh, Msb,) as in the case of species; (Msb;) or having its contrary, (El-Ghooree, Mgh, Msb,) as the moist and the dry, and the male and the female, and the night and the day, and the bitter and the sweet; (Msb;) though sometimes applied to any sort of thing; and to a single thing: (El-Ghooree, Mgh:) or it is applied to a single thing only when having with it a thing of the same kind; (Mgh, Msb;) زَوْجَانِ signifying a pair, or couple, of such things: (Mgh:) the pl. is أَزْوَاجِ: (TA:) you say زَوْجَانِ مِنْ حَمَامٍ and زَوْجَا حَمَامٍ [A pair of pigeons]: (A:) and اِشْتَرَيْتُ زَوْجَى حَمَامٍ [I bought a pair of pigeons], meaning a male and a female: (S:) and زَوْجَا نِعَالٍ [A pair of sandals]: (S, A:) and in like manner زَوْجَيْنِ is used in the Kur xi. 42 and xxiii. 28; (S;) meaning a male and a female: (Bd, Jel:) or, accord. to the M, زَوْجٌ signifies one of a pair or couple: and also a pair or couple together: (TA:) and in like manner says AO, (Mgh, Msb,) and IKt, and IF: (Msb:) and ISh says that it signifies two; (Mgh;) and so says IDrd: (Msb:) so that you say, هُمَا زَوْجٌ as well as هُمَا زَوْجَانِ [meaning They two are a pair, or couple]; (S, K, TA;) like as you say, هُمَا سَوَآءٌ and هُمَا سِيَّانِ: (S, TA:) and عِنْدِى زَوْجُ نِعَالٍ, meaning [I have] two [sandals]; and زَوْجَانِ, meaning four: (Msb:) or زَوْجُ حَمَامٍ as meaning a male and a female [of pigeons] is a phrase which should not be used; one to which the vulgar are addicted: (TA:) IAmb says, the vulgar are wrong in thinking that زَوْجٌ signifies two; for the Arabs used not to employ such a phrase as زَوْجُ حَمَامٍ, but used to say زَوْجَانِ مِنَ الحَمَامِ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) meaning a male and a female; (TA;) and زَوْجَانِ مِنَ الخِفَافِ, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) meaning the right and the left [of boots]: (TA:) nor did they apply the term زَوْجٌ to one of birds, like as they applied the dual, زَوْجَانِ, to two; but they applied the term فَرْدٌ to the male, and فَرْدَةٌ to the female: (Mgh, Msb:) Es-Sijistánee, also, says that the term زَوْجٌ should not be applied to two, neither of birds nor of other things, for this is a usage of the ignorant; but to every two, زَوْجَانِ: (Msb:) Az says that the grammarians disapprove the saying of ISh that زَوْجٌ signifies two of any things, (Mgh, * TA,) and that زَوْجَانِ مِنْ خِفَافٍ signifies [Two pairs of boots, or] four [boots]; for زَوْجٌ with them signifies one [of a pair or couple]: a man and his wife [together] are termed زَوْجَانِ: and ثَمَانِيَةَ أَزْوَاجٍ in the Kur [vi. 144 and xxxix. 8] means Eight ones [of pairs or couples]: the primary meaning of زَوْجٌ being that first mentioned in this paragraph; (TA:) in the Kur xxii. 5 and 1. 7 [it seems to be implied that it means pair or couple; but more probably in these instances] it means sort, or species: (Bd, Jel:) it is also expl. by the word لَوْنٌ [used in this last sense]: (T, TA;) in the Kur xxxviii. 58, its pl. أَزْوَاجٌ means أَلْوَانٌ and أَنْوَاعٌ [i. e. sorts, or species] of punishment: F explains the sing. as meaning لَوْنٌ مِنَ الدِّيبَاجِ وَنَحْوِهِ [a sort, or species, of silk brocade and the like]; but his restricting the signification by the words من الديباج ونحوه is not right, as is shown by a citation, in the T, of a verse of El-Aashà, in which he uses the phrase كُلُّ زَوْجٍ مِنَ الدِّيبَاجِ [every sort, or species, of silk brocade], as an ex. of زوج in the sense of لون. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] A woman's husband: and a man's wife: in which latter sense ↓ زَوْجَةٌ is also used; (S, M, A, Mgh, * Msb, K; *) as in a verse of El-Farezdak cited in art بول, conj. 10; (S, Mgh;) but it is disallowed by As; (TA;) and the former word is the one of high authority, (Mgh, Msb,) and is that which occurs in the Kur, in ii. 33 and vii. 18, (S, Mgh, Msb, TA,) and in iv. 24, (Mgh, TA,) and in xxxiii. 37: (Mgh:) AHát says that the people of Nejd call a wife ↓ زَوْجَةٌ, and that the people of the Haram use this word: but ISk says that the people of El-Hijáz call a wife زَوْجٌ; and the rest of the Arabs, ↓ زَوْجَةٌ: the lawyers use this latter word only, as applied to a wife, for the sake of perspicuity, fearing to confound the male with the female: (Msb:) the pl. of زَوْجٌ is أَزْوَاجٌ (Msb, K *) and زِوَجَةٌ; (K;) and the pl. of ↓ زَوْجَةٌ is زَوْجَاتٌ (A, Mgh, Msb) and أَزْوَاجٌ also; (A, Msb;) and أَزَاوِيجُ occurs [as a pl. pl., i. e. pl. of أَزْوَاجُ,] in a verse cited by ISk. (TA in art. نأج.) b3: [Hence also,] A consociate, an associate, or a comrade: (A:) its pl. in this sense is أَزْوَاجٌ, (S, A, K,) occurring in the Kur xxxvii. 22. (S, A.) b4: And A fellow, or like: pl. أَزْوَاجٌ: in this sense, each one of a pair of boots is the زوج of the other; and the husband is the زوج of the wife; and the wife, the زوج of the husband. (TA.) You say, عِنْدِى مِنْ هٰذَا أَزْوَاجٌ I have, of this, fellows, or likes. (TA.) b5: As used by arithmeticians, (Mgh, Msb,) contr. of فَرْدٌ; (S, Mgh, Msb, K;) i. e. it signifies An even number; a number that may be divided into two equal numbers; (Msb;) as, for instance, four, and eight, as opposed to three, and seven: (Mgh:) pl. أَزْوَاجٌ. (S, Mgh.) One says زَوْجٌ أَوْ فَرْدٌ [Even or odd?], like as one says خَسًا أَوْ زَكًا [or rather زَكًا أَوْ خَسًا] and شَفْعٌ أَوْ وِتْرٌ. (S, Mgh.) b6: Also A [kind of cloth such as is termed] نَمَط [q. v.]: or silk brocade; syn. دِيبَاجٌ: (TA:) or a نَمَط that is thrown over the [kind of vehicle called]

هَوْدَج. (S, K, TA.) زِيجٌ: see art. زيج.

زَوْجَةٌ: see زَوْجٌ, in four places, in the latter half of the paragraph.

زَوْجِيَّةٌ and ↓ زَوَاجٌ [The marriage-state, or simply marriage]: the latter is a subst. from زَوَّجَ, [i. e. a quasi-inf. n.,] like سَلَامٌ from سَلَّمَ, and كَلَامٌ from كَلَّمَ. (Msb.) You say, بَيْنَهُمَا حَقُّ الزَّوْجِيَّةِ and ↓ الزَّوَاجِ [Between them two is the right of the marriage-state, or of marriage]: (A, Msb:) and الزِّوَاجِ is also allowable as [an inf. n. of 3,] coordinate to المُزَاوَجَة. (Msb.) زَوَاجٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

زَائِجَةٌ: see art زيج.

مِزْوَاجٌ A woman who marries often: (S, K:) one who has had many husbands. (K.)

فيض

1 فَاضَ, (S, M, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ inf. n. فَيْضٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K) and فَيْضُوضَةٌ (S, O, K) andفُيُوضٌ (M, O, K) and فِيُوضٌ and فُيُوضَةٌ (M, K) and فَيَضَانٌ, (M, O, K,) It (water) overflowed: poured out, or forth, from fulness: (Mgh:) it (water, S, O, K, or a torrent, Msb) became abundant, (S, O, Msb, K and flowed from [over] the brink of the valley, (Msb,) or so as to flow over the side of the valley, (S, O,) or so as to flow like a valley; (K;) and ↓ افاض signifies the same: (Msb, TA:) it (water) became abundant: (TA:) [contr. of غَاضَ, aor. ـِ it (water, and that of the eyes, and the like, M, or anything fluid, Msb) ran, or flowed: (M, Msb:) or it poured out, or forth; or poured out, or forth, vehemently; gushed out, or forth: (M:) and it (water, and blood,) fell in drops. (Msb.) b2: It (a vessel) became full: (Msb:) [or it overflowed: for you say,] فَاضَ النَّهْرُ بِمَائِهِ The river overflowed with its water: and فَاضَ الإِنَآءُ بِمَا فِيهِ The vessel overflowed with what was in it: (Msb:) and a poet says, شَكَوْتُ وَمَا الشَّكْوَى لِمِثْلِىَ عَادَةً

وَلٰكِنْ تَفِيضُ الكَأْسُ عِنْدَ امْتِلَائِهَا [I complained; and complaint is not a custom of the like of me; but the cup overflows on the occasion of its being full]. (A) You say also فَاضَتْ عَيْنُهُ, aor. as above, inf. n. فَيْضٌ, The eye flowed [with tears]. (TA.) And فَاصَ عَرَقًا, said of a man, [He sweated;] sweat appeared upon his body, on an occasion of grief. (IKtt) b3: (assumed tropical:) It (a thing) was, or became, much, abundant, many, or unmerous. (O, K.) You say, فَاضَ اللِّئَامُ (assumed tropical:) The mean became many: (S, O:) opposed to غَاضَ, q. v. (S and A in art. غيض.) And فَاضَ الخَيْرُ (tropical:) Good, or wealth, &c., became abundant, (A, Msb,) فِيهِمْ among them. (A.) b4: Aor. as above, (S,) inf. n. فَيْضٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) It (a piece of news, or a story,) spread abroad; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ استفاض; (S, M, A, Msb, K, TA;) it spread abroad among the people. (Msb and TA in explanation of the latter verb,) like water. (TA.) ↓ The latter is also said of a place, meaning (tropical:) It became wide, or ample. (A.) And you say, فَاضَ عَلَيْهِ الدِّرْعُ (tropical:) [The coat of mail spread over him; or covered him]. (A.) b5: Aor. as above, inf. n. فَيْضٌ and فُيُوضٌ, (tropical:) He (a man, S, O, K) died: (S, M, O, K:) and, (S, M, O, K,) in like manner, (S, O,) فَاضَتٌ نَفْسُهُ, (S, M, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. as above, (M,) inf. n. فَيْضٌ, (M, Msb,) (tropical:) his soul departed, or went forth; (S, M, A, * Mgh, * O, Msb, K;) of the dial. of Temeem; (S, M, O;) on the authority of AO and Fr; and Az says the like; but As says that one should not say, فاض الرَّجُلُ, nor فاضت نفسه, for فاض is only said of tears and of water: (S, O:) to which is added in the O, but one says, فَاظَ, with ظ, [as is also said in the Mgh,] as meaning “ he died,” and not فاض, with ض, decidedly: (TA:) [see, however, the remarks of IB below:] or the more chaste expression is فاظ, with ظ, without the mention of the نفس; and some do not allow any other: (Msb:) but in the L we find as follows: IAar says. فاض الرجل and فاظ, meaning “ the man died: ” and Abu-l-Hasan says, فاظت نفسه, the verb relating to the نفس; and فاض الرجل and فاظ: but As says, I heard AA say that one should not say, فاظت نفسه, but فاظ, meaning “ he died; ” and not فاض, with ض, decidedly: IB, however, says that what IDrd has cited from As is different from that which J has ascribed to him; for IDrd cites the words of As thus: the Arabs says, فاظ الرجل, meaning “ the man died; ” but when they speak of the نفس, they say فاضت نفسه, with ض; and he quotes the ex.

فَفُقِئَتْ عَيْنٌ وَفَاضَتْ نَفْسُ [And an eye was put out, and a soul departed]: and he [IB] adds that this is what is commonly known to be the opinion of As: but J has committed and error; for As quotes from AA that one should not say, فاظت نفسه, but فاظ, meaning “ he died; ” not فاض, decidedly and he also says, nor does it necessarily follow from what he relates that he firmly believed it: AO says that فاظت نفسه is of the dial. of Keys; and فاضت, of the dial of Temeem and AHát says, I heard Az say that Benoo-Dabbeh alone say, فاضت نفسه: in like manner also El-Mázinee says. on the authority of Az. that all the Arabs say, فاظت نفسه. except Benoo-Dabbeh, who say, فاضت نفسه with ض. (TA.) [See also art. فيظ. It is further said, that] الفَيْضُ signifies Death: (A, K;) as occurring in a trad respecting Ed-Dejjál, where it is said, ثُمَّ يَكُونُ عَلَى أَثَرِ ذٰلِكَ الفَيْضُ [Then shall be, after that, death] (A, TA:) Sh says, I asked El-Bekráwee respecting this, and he asserted الفيض, in this case, to signify “ death; ” but I have not heard it from any other; unless it be from فَاضَتْ نَفْسَهُ signifying His slaver collecting upon his lips at the departure of his soul [flowed]. (TA.) b6: You say also فَاضَ صدْرُهُ مِنَ الغَيْظِ (tropical:) [His bosom overflowed with wrath, or rage], (A, TA.) And فَاضَ صَدْرُهُ بِالسِّرِّ His bosom disclosed, or concealed, the secret; (S, O, K;) his bosom could not conceal the secret; (M;) his bosom was full with the secret, and disclosed it, not being able to conceal it. (TA.) b7: And فَيْضٌ is used as meaning (assumed tropical:) God's suggesting (إِلْقَآء) [of a thing]: what the Devil suggests (يُلْقِيهِ) is termed الوَسْوَسَةُ. (Kull p. 277.) b8: فَاضَ البَعِيرُ بِجِرَّتِهِ: see 4, latter half.4 افاض: see 1, first sentence.

A2: He filled a vessel so that it overflowed: (S, M, O, K:) or [simply] he filled a vessel, (M, Msb,) accord. to Lh; but the former. [says ISd,] in my opinion, is the correct signification. (M.) b2: He made water, and tears, and the like, to run, or flow; or to pour out, or forth; or to pour out, or forth, vehemently; to gush out, or forth: (M:) he poured [water &c.] out, or forth: (A, TA:) or he poured water out, or forth, copiously. (Mgh.) You say, افاض المَآءَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ, (S, O, K,) or على جَسَدِهِ, (Msb,) He poured the water (S, O, Msb, K) upon himself, (S, O, K,) or upon his body. (Msb.) And افاض دُمُوعَهُ, (S,) or دَمْعَهُ, (Msb,) He poured forth his tears. (Msb.) And افاضت العَيْنُ الدَّمْعَ [The eye poured forth tears]. (TA.) b3: افاض اللّٰهُ الخَيْرَ (tropical:) God made good, or wealth, &c., to abound. (Msb.) b4: افاض عَلَيْهِ الدِّرْعَ (tropical:) He put on him the coat of mail: like as you say صَبَّهَا [lit he poured it]. (A, TA.) b5: أَفَاضُوا مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ (tropical:) They pushed on, pressed on, or went quickly, syn. دَفَعُوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) or اِنْدَفَعُوا, (M, A,) with multitude, (M, Mgh, O,) from 'Arafát, (S, M, A, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) to Minè, (S, M, O,) exclaiming لَبَّيْكَ: (M:) or they returned, and dispersed themselves from 'Arafát: (O, K:) or they hastened from 'Arafát to another place: (K:) the last rendering is taken from Ibn-'Arafeh; and agreeably with all of these renderings, the phrase in the Kur [ii. 194], فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ, has been explained: (TA:) and [in like manner,] you say افاضوا مِنَ مِنَى إِلَى

مَكِّةَ (tropical:) They returned from Mine to Mekkeh; on the day of the sacrifice: (Msb:) إِفَاضَةٌ signifies (tropical:) the advancing, and pushing on, or pressing on, in journeying, or pace, (A, * TA,) and the like, (A,) with multitude, and is only after a state of separation and congregation: (TA:) it is from the same word as signifying the “ pouring out, or forth; ” (A, O, TA,) or from افاض المَآءَ signifying

“ he poured the water out, or forth, copiously ” (Mgh:) and the original expression is افاض نَفْسَهُ. or رَاحِلَتَهُ; but they omit the objective complement, and hence the verb resembles one that is intrans.: (O, TA:) or افاضة signifies the quickly impelling or urging [a beast] to run, with one's foot or leg, or feet or legs: and افاض, he (a (??)) made his camel to exert himself beyond measure, (??) quick run, between the utmost (??) and what is (??) than that; افاضة denoting the half [of the fall (??) of the run of camels having riders upon these; and being only applied when they have riders upon them: (Khálid Ibn-Jembeh:) and every دَفْعَة [or act of pushing on, or pressing (??),] is termed إِفَاضَةٌ. (S, Msb, K.) Hence, طَوَافُ الإِفَاضَةِ, signifying The (??) [around the K(??) the return from Mine to Mekkeh; (Msb, TA) on the day of the sacrifice: (TA:) or the circuiting of visitation. (Mgh.) b6: افاضوا فِى الحَدِيثِ (tropical:) They pushed on, or pressed on, in discourse; syn. اِنْدَفَعُوا: (Lh, S, M, A, O,) they entered thereinto; launched forth, or cut, thereinto: (Lh, M, O;) they were large, or copious, or profuse, therein; (O, TA:) or they dilated therein (M:) or they began, commenced, or entered upon, discourse: (Msb;) as also ↓ استفاضوهُ, (M, Msb,) accord. to some; (Msb;) but this latter is disallowed by most; (M;) or by the skilful, (Msb.) You say also, افاض فِى عَمَلٍ (assumed tropical:) He entered into an action, or employment; and pushed on, or pressed on, therein: (Bd in x. 62:) or he began it, commenced it, or entered upon it. (Jel, ibid.) b7: افاض بَالشَّيْءِ He impelled, or thrust, with the thing: (M:) he cast, or threw, the thing. (M, TA.) b8: افاض البَعِيرُ بِجِرَّتِهِ, (Lh, S, M, A, O,) and (S, O) افاض alone, (S, O, K,) and بِجِرَّتِهِ ↓ فَاضَ, (TA,) (tropical:) The camel propelled his cud (Lh, S, M, A, K) from his inside, (Lh, M, A,) or from his stomach, (S, K,) and expelled it, or ejected it: (S:) or cast it forth in a scattered and copious state: or it means [he made to be heard] the sound of his cud, and of his chewing. (M.) b9: مَا افاض بِكَلِمَةٍ (assumed tropical:) He did not make clear, or distinct, or perspicuous, a word, or sentence. (Msb, TA.) [And ما افاض بكلمة signifies the same.] b10: افاض بِالقِدَاحِ, (S, M, A, O, K,) and عَلَى القِدَاحِ, meaning بِالقِدَاحِ, for prepositions stand in the places of other prepositions, (S, O,) and افاض القِدَاحَ, (O, K,) (tropical:) i. q. ضَرَبَ بِالقِدَاحِ [which has two significations: He turned about, or shuffled, the gaming-arrows: and he played with the gaming-arrows]: (S, M, A, O, K:) and أَجَالَهَا [which has the former of the above significations]: or he dealt them forth. (TA.) Aboo-Dhu-eyb says, describing a [wild] he-ass and his she-asses, فَكَأَنَّهُنَّ رِبَابَةٌ وَكَأَنَّهُ يَسَرٌ يُفِيضُ عَلَى القِدَاحِ وَيَصْدَعُ (S, TA) (tropical:) [And it was as though they were a bundle of gaming-arrows, and as though he were a shuffler thereof, shuffling or] dealing out the arrows, and deciding, and making known what he produced: (TA:) or, accord. to Kh, and speaking with his loudest voice, saying “ The arrow of such a one has won,” or “ This is the arrow of such a one: ” or, accord. to some, distributing, or dispensing, by means of the arrows: (TA in art. صدع:) by عَلَى القِدَاحِ is meant بِالقِدَاحِ. (S voce عَلَى.) One relation of this verse substitutes يَخُوضُ for يُفِيضُ. (TA.) Az says that إِفَاض [a mistranscription for إِفَاضَةٌ] is always a consequence of a state of separation, or dispersion, and abundance, or copiousness. (TA.) b11: Hence the saying in a trad. respecting a thing picked up from the ground, ثُمَّ أَفِضْهَا مِنْ مَالِكَ, [app. a mistake for فِى مَالِكَ,] i. e. (assumed tropical:) Then put thou, or throw thou, it, and mix it, among thy property. (TA.) b12: أُفِيضَتْ She (a woman) became wide in the belly: [as though spread out:] or she became large in the belly, and flabby in flesh. (M.) A3: افاض المَرْأَةَ He made the مَسْلَكَانِ [i. e. vagina and rectum] of the woman to become one, on the occasion of devirgination; (M;) i. q. أَفْضَاهَا [from which it is app. formed by transposition, as is indicated in the M.]. (O, TA.) 5 تفيّض It flowed. (Har p. 610. [But this I do not find elsewhere.]) 10 استفاض He asked for the pouring out (إِفَاضَة) of water, (K, TA,) &c. (TA.) A2: Said of a piece of news: and of a place: see 1, in the first half of the paragraph. You say also, استفاض الوَادِى شَجَرًا (tropical:) The valley became wide, and abundant in trees. (S, O, K, TA.) A3: استفاضوا الحَدِيثَ: see افاضوا فِى الحَدِيثِ. [It seems to be indicated in the S and O that it signifies They spread abroad the story among the people; as used by some: see مُسْتَفِيضٌ.]

فَيْضٌ A river, (M, TA,) in general: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَفْيَاضٌ and [of mult.] فُيُوضٌ: the pluralization thereof shows that it is not an inf. n. used as a subst.: (M, TA:) [and a river, or water, that overflows.] الفَيْضُ is [hence] applied to The Nile of Egypt: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to the Tekmileh, to a place in the Nile of Egypt: (TA:) and to the river of El-Basrah: (As, S, K:) or this last is called فَيْضُ البَصْرَةِ, because of its greatness. (M.) You say also أَرْضٌ ذَاتُ فُيُوضٍ

Land in which is water: (Lh, M:) or in which are waters that overflow. (S, K, TA.) b2: A horse (tropical:) that runs much; (S, M, O, K;) that is fleet, or swift; (M;) that runs vehemently; likened to water pouring forth; as also سَكْبٌ. (Eth-Thaalebee, in TA, art. سكب.) b3: A man (tropical:) bountiful, or munificent; as also ↓ فَائِضٌ, (A,) and ↓ فَيَّاضٌ: (S, O:) or, as also ↓ the last, a man abounding [or profuse] in beneficence or bounty. (M.) b4: Much, or abundant, water. (M.) b5: (tropical:) Much, or abundance: as in the saying, أَعْطَاهُ غَيْضًا مِنْ فَيْضٍ (tropical:) He gave him little from much. (S, M, O.) Anything much in quantity. (KL.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A large gift: [and simply a gift, favour, or grace:] pl. فُيُوضٌ. (KL.) b7: [See also 1, last sentence but one. Hence بِطَرِيقِ الفَيْضِ meaning (assumed tropical:) By way, or means, of instinct; instinctively.] b8: (tropical:) Death: [as being the outpouring of the soul:] see 1. (Sh, on the authority of El-Bekráwee; and K.) b9: ذَهَبْنَا فِى فَيْضِ فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) We went with the corpse and bier of such a one. (M.) فَاضَةٌ: see مُفَاضٌ.

أَمْرُهُمْ فَيْضَى بَيْنَهُمْ: i. q. فَوضَى, q. v. (TA in art. فوض.) أَمْرُهُمْ فَيْضُوضَى بَيْنَهُمْ, and فَيْضِيضَى, and فَيْضُوضَآءُ, and فَيْضِضَآءُ, and ↓ فَيُوضَى, i. q. فَوْضَى, q. v. in art. فوض. (Az, K.) فَيُوضٌ: see مُفَاضٌ.

أَمْرُهُمْ فَيُوضَى بَيْنَهُمْ: see فَيضُوضَى.

فَيَّاضٌ A river containing much water: (S:) or that flows much. (Ham p. 375.) b2: Applied to a man: see فَيْضٌ, in two places.

فَائِضٌ A watering-trough full: a sea, or great river, [overflowing: see 1: or] pouring, or pouring vehemently. (TA.) b2: Applied to a man: see فَيْضٌ.

مُفَاضٌ pass. part. n. of 4 [q. v.]. b2: حَدِيثٌ مُفَاضٌ فِيهِ (tropical:) Discourse in which people have pushed on, or pressed on: (K:) [or into which they have entered: or in which they have been large, or copious: or in which they have dilated: or begun: see 4; and see also مُسْتَفِيضٌ.] b3: دِرْعٌ مُفَاضَةٌ (tropical:) A wide, or an ample, coat of mail; (S, M, A, O, K;) as also ↓ فَاضَةٌ (IJ, M) and فَيُوضٌ. (M.) [In the CK, this word is erroneously written مُفاوَضَة, as applied to a coat of mail and to a woman.] مُفَاضٌ applied to a man, (tropical:) Wide in the belly: fem. with ة: (M:) or the latter, a woman large in the belly, (S, M, A, O, K,) and flabby in flesh, (M, A,) and, as some add, inordinately tall: (TA:) : or, as some say, the latter signifies a woman having her مَسْلَكَانِ [i. e. vagina and rectum] united; as though formed by transposition from مُفْضَاةٌ: (M:) and, accord. to some, مُفَاضٌ signifies having a fulness. (TA.) It is said of the Prophet, كَانَ مُفَاضَ البَطْنِ, meaning (tropical:) He had the belly even with the breast: (O, K:) or he had a fulness in the lower part of the belly. (TA.) مُسْتَفَاضٌ: see the next paragraph مُسْتَفِيضٌ One who asks for the pouring out (إِفَاضَة) of water &c. (S, O.) A2: A story, or a piece of news, (tropical:) spread abroad (S, M, A, * O, Msb, K) among the people, (S, O, Msb,) like water; (TA;) as also مُسْتَفَاضٌ فِيهِ; (S, O, K;) but you should not say مُسْتَفَاضٌ [alone], (As, Fr, ISk, and the lexicologists in general, and Az, S, O, Msb, and K,) for this is a mistake of the inhabitants of the towns and villages: (As, Fr, ISk, &c., and Msb:) or this last is a word of weak authority: (K:) it is, however, used by some; (S, O;) for instance, by Aboo-Temmám; (TA;) as meaning begun, commenced, or entered upon; but most disallow it unless followed by فِيهِ. (M.)

فضل

1 فَضَلَ, aor. ـُ and فَضِلَ, aor. ـِ and فَضِلَ, aor. ـُ three syn. dial. vars.; (S, O, Msb, K;) the second mentioned by ISk; and the third [said to be] anomalous and unparalleled; (S, O;) [but] it is a compound of two thereof, (S, O, Msb, K,) accord. to the companions of Sb, (S, O,) i. e. a compound of the second and the third, (K,) like نَعِمَ having for its aor. ـْ (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and نَكِلَ, aor. ـْ [but this I do not find in its proper art.,] and حَضِرَ, aor. ـْ [but this is disallowed by some,] and فَرِغَ, aor. ـْ among perfect verbs, (Msb,) and مِتَّ, aor. ـُ and دِمْتَ, aor. ـُ (Sb, S, O, Msb,) and كِدْتَ, aor. ـُ (Sb, S;) inf. n. فَضْلٌ: (S, * O, * Msb, K: *) all signify It exceeded; or was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; [syn. زَادَ;] being used in relation to الفَضْلُ (K, MF, TA) meaning الزِّيَادَةُ, as Ibn-Es-Seed says, (MF, TA,) [i. e.] as meaning the contr. of النَّقْصُ: (K, TA:) or the first of the three, i. e. فضَلَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. فَضْلٌ, signifies thus, i. q. زَادَ, (Msb,) and فُضْلٌ and فُضُلٌ are also inf. ns. [of the same, i. e.] signifying زِيَادَةٌ, as in the saying, in a trad., accord. to different relaters, إِنَّ لِلّٰهِ مَلَائِكَةً سَيَّارَةً فُضْلًا عَلَى المَلَائِكَةِ المُرَتَّبِينَ مَعَ الخَلَائِقِ and فُضُلًا [i. e. Verily to God belong angels who occupy themselves in ranging about, in addition to the angels who are stationed among the created, or human and other, beings]: (TA:) and all the three dial. vars. mentioned above signify it remained [of a greater quantity or number]; syn. بَقِىَ; (S, * O, * Msb;) you say, فَضَلَ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ, aor. ـُ and فَضِلَ, aor. ـَ and فَضِلَ, aor. ـُ somewhat remained thereof: (S, O:) or from الفَضْلُ as meaning البَقِيَّةُ, you say فَضَلَ like نَصَرَ, [i. e. aor. ـُ and فَضِلَ like حَسِبَ, [implying that the aor. is فَضَلَ and فَضِلَ,] (K,) [accord. to the TK meaning it had somewhat remaining, but accord. to SM,] using these verbs [which are said by him to be like نَصَرَ and سَمِعَ and حَسِبَ, the last as mentioned by Lh,] in the phrase فَضَلَ مِنْهُ شَىْءٌ [expl. above]. (TA.) b2: [فَضَلَ is trans. as well as intrans.] One says, فَضَلَهُ and فَضَلَ عَلَيْهِ, [aor. ـُ inf. ns. فَضْلٌ and فُضُولٌ, [but see a distinction made between these two words voce فَضْلٌ, below,] meaning He, or it, exceeded, or excelled, him, or it. (MA.) See also 4. [And see فَضْلٌ below, last signification.] الفَضْلُ as meaning The overcoming, or surpassing, in highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, condition, or estimation, has but one form of verb, فَضَلَ, aor. ـُ like قَعَدَ, aor. ـْ he who relates the saying of the poet, وَجَدْنَا نَهْشَلًا فَضَلَتْ فُقَيْمَا [We found, or have found, that Nahshal (the tribe so called) overcame &c., or have overcome &c., Fukeym (another tribe)], pronouncing the ض [in فضلت] with kesr, errs; not distinguishing between the two meanings: so says Ibn-Es-Seed, in the book entitled “ Kitáb el-Fark: ” and Es-Seymuree says, in his book entitled “ Kitáb etTebsireh,” فَضَلَ, aor. ـُ like نَصَرَ, aor. ـْ is from الفَضْلُ meaning the ruling [others] as a chief, lord, or master. (TA.) And فَضَلَهُ signifies also [simply] He overcame him; surpassed him; or gained ascendency, or the mastery, over him. (TA.) See also 3.2 فضّلهُ (K, TA) عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, (TA,) inf. n. تَفْضِيلٌ, i. q. مَزَّاهُ, (K, TA,) i. e. He attributed to him an excellence distinguishing him from [or above] another, or others: (TA:) or فَضَّلْتُهُ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ, inf. n. as above, I judged him (S, O, Msb, * TA) to be more excellent than another, or others: (S, * O, * Msb, TA: *) or I made him (S, O, Msb, * TA) to be so. (S, * O, * Msb, TA.) وَفَضَّلْنَاهُمْ عَلَى كَثِيرٍ مِمَّنْ خَلَقْنَا, in the Kur [xvii. 72, i. e. and we have made them to excel many of those that we have created], has been expl. as meaning that the excellence of the son of Adam consists in his walking erect, whereas the beasts, the camels and the asses and the like, walk pronely; and the son of Adam takes food with his hands, whereas the other animals take it with the mouth. (TA.) And وَاللّٰهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَكُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ, in the Kur [xvi. 73, i. e. And God hath made some of you to excel some others], means, in ability, and wealth, and rank or station, and power; which are excellences that may be acquired. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And you say, فضّلهُ بِهِ, meaning خَصَّهُ [i. e. He distinguished him particularly, peculiarly, or specially, by it, namely, a thing]. (A and K in art. خص.) And فضّل فِى العَطَآءِ He gave to some more than to others. (S in art. افق.) b2: [An explanation of فضّل given by Golius, as on the authority of the K, (“ i. q. وسخ, Sordibus infecit, vel pro sordida habuit, quotidianam vestem,”) is a strange mistake; app. caused by his finding in a copy of the K التَّفْضِيلُ التَّوْسِيخُ instead of التَّفَضُّلُ التَّوَشُّحُ: see 5. b3: اِسْمُ التَّفْضِيلِ The noun of the attribution of excess or excellence is a term applied to the comparative and superlative noun or epithet; also called أَفْعَلُ التَّفْضِيلِ, because it is regularly of the measure أَفْعَلُ: see exs. voce خَيْرٌ.]3 الفِضَالُ [and المُفَاضَلَةُ inf. ns. of فَاضَلَ] and ↓ التَّفَاضُلُ [inf. n. of 6 (of which see an ex. in art. سوى, conj. 6,)] signify التَّمَازِى فِى الفَضْلِ [i. e. The contending for superiority in excellence]; (K, * TA;) التَّمَازِى being of the measure تَفَاعُل from المَزِيَّةُ. (TA.) And you say, ↓ فَاضَلْتُهُ فَفَضَلْتُهُ, (S, O, K, * in the last فَاضَلَنِى,) aor. of the latter فَضُلَ, (TA,) inf. n. فَضْلٌ, (O, TA,) I contended with him for superiority, or vied with him, in excel-lence, (O, TA,) and I surpassed him, or outvied him, therein. (S, O, K, TA.) b2: And فاضل بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ [app. He made the relation between the two things to be unequal in respect of excellence; i. e. he made the two things to be unequal, or unlike each other, in excellence; contr. of سَاوَى بَيْنَهُمَا: see also 6]. (TA.) 4 افضل فِى تِجَارَتِهِ He gained; or made gain, or profit; in his traffic; syn. رَبِحَ. (Az and Msb in art. ربح.) b2: عَنْهُ [and عَنْهُ ↓ فَضَلَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. فَضْلٌ, (see فَضْلٌ below, last signification, and see also فَاضِلٌ,)] It exceeded it. (K, TA. [See also 1, latter half.]) Ows says, describing a bow, كَقَوْسٍ طِلَاعِ الكَفِّ لَا دُونَ مِلْئِهَا وَلَا عَجْسُهَا عَنْ مَوْضِعِ الكَفِّ أَفْضَلَا [Like a bow of which the part that is grasped is sufficient in size for the filling of the hand, not less than suffices to fill it, nor does the part that is grasped thereof extend beyond the place of the hand: the pret. being here used for the aor. to suit the metre]. (TA. [But my original has كَقَوْمٍ, an evident mistranscription.]) b3: افضل عَلَيْهِ: see 5, in two places.

A2: أَفْضَلْتُ مِنْهُ الشَّىْءَ and ↓ اِسْتَفْضَلْتُ signify the same, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. I left of it the thing remaining, or redundant. (O, TA.) 5 تفضّل عَلَيْهِ [in the CK (erroneously) فَضَّلَ] i. q. تَمَزَّى, (K, TA,) both of which signify He thought himself to be superior to him in excellence; (TA in art. مزو;) whence the saying in the Kur [xxiii. 24], يُرِيدُ أَنْ يَتَفَضَّلَ عَلَيْكُمْ, meaning He desireth that he may have superiority over you in rank and station: (TA in the present art.) or i. q. عليه ↓ افضل, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. إِفْضَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) i. e. he bestowed, or conferred, a benefit, or benefits, upon him, syn. أَحْسَنَ, (S, TA,) or تَطَوَّلَ, (K, TA,) and gave him of his bounty: (TA:) [and each, followed by بِشَىْءٍ, he presented him, or favoured him, with a thing:] or تفضّل signifies, (K,) or signifies also, (S,) he laid claim to superiority of excellence over his equals, or fellows; (S, K;) whence [accord. to some] the saying in the Kur quoted above: (S:) and [you say] عَلَيْهِ فِى الــحَسَبِ ↓ افضل, (K, TA,) meaning he became possessed of eminence. [or superiority, over him, in the grounds of pretension to respect or honour,] as in a verse of Dhu-l-Isba' cited voce عَنْ, [q. v., p. 2164,] ending with فَتَخْزُوْنِى for فَتَخْزُوَنِى, [which latter reading I have there given,] because the rhyme of the whole ode requires the former. (TA.) A2: التَّفَضُّلُ also signifies التَّوَشُّحُ [generally meaning The throwing a portion of one's garment over his left shoulder, and drawing its extremity under his right arm, and tying the two extremities together in a knot upon his bosom]: and the putting, or disposing, the extremities of his two garments, or pieces of cloth, contrariwise, or in contrary directions, upon his عَاتِق [or part between the shoulder and the neck]. (K, TA: but in the former, عَلَى عَاتِقَيْهِ is erroneously put for على عَاتِقِهِ. TA.) b2: and تَفَضَّلَتْ said of a woman in her tent or chamber or house, She was in a single garment; (S, O, TA;) [she wore a single garment;] such as is termed مِفْضَلٌ [q. v.]: (S, TA:) or she (a woman) wore the garments of her service. (TA.) 6 تَفَاْضَلَ see 3. b2: التَّفَاضُلُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ means The differing in superiority, or excellence, of some over others, among the people, or party. (TA.) and one says, الأَشْيَآءُ تَتَفَاضَلُ [meaning The things are unequal, or unlike, one to another, in respect of excellence; contr. of تَتَسَاوَى: see also 3]. (TA.) 10 استفضل أَلْفًا He took a thousand [dirhems] in excess of his right, or due. (TA.) b2: See also 4.

فَضْلٌ [an inf. n.: (see 1, throughout:) and also a simple subst., signifying] An exceeding, a redundant, or a superfluous, quantum [of anything, good or evil]; an excess, a redundance, or a superfluity; syn. زِيَادَةٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) contr. of نَقْصٌ: (S, O, K:) [and often meaning superabundance, or exuberance; and surpassingness, superiority, or excellence. عَلَى غَيْرِهِ over another, or others, than him, or it: and preponderance:] the pl. is فُضُولٌ (Mgh, Msb, K:) and this is sometimes used as a sing.; (Er-Rághib, Msb;) and [thus used] relates to a thing [or quality] in which is no good; (Er-Rághib, Mgh, Msb;) by a predominant application; whence the saying فُضُولٌ بِلَا فَضْلٍ [excess without excellence]; (Mgh;) and hence the rel. n. ↓ فُضُولِىٌّ is formed from it: (Er-Rághib, Msb, TA;) [see this last word, one of the explanations of which shows that a particular meaning of فُضُولٌ is the quality of busying oneself with that which does not concern him:] accord. to Er-Rághib, فَضْلٌ signifies an excess [in respect of a property or quality, or of an acquisition,] above moderateness; and this is of two sorts; such as is commended, as the فضل of knowledge, or science ; and such as is discommended, as the فصل of anger at that whereat it is not necessary: but فَضَلٌ is more used in relation to that which is commended; and [the pl.] فُضُولٌ, in relation to that which is discommended. when the former is used of an excess [in respect of some attribute, of our of two things above the other, it is of three sorts; فضل of kind, as of the animal kind above the vegetable kind; and of species, as of man above other animals; and of the individual, as of one man above another; the first and second of which three are essential attributes, such that he who is deficient in [either of] them cannot do away with his deficiency and acquire فضل, as, for instance, the horse, and the ass, which cannot acquire the excellence (فَضِيلَة) of the human being; but the third may be accidental, such that the way may be found to acquire it, and of this sort are ability, wealth, rank or station, and power: and it signifies also any gift whereof the giving to the recipient thereof is not obligatory: [i. e. a free gift, or gratuity; and an act of bounty or grace; a favour; a benefit; and bounty as an abstract term;] as in the saying [in the Kur iv. 36], وَاسْأَلُوا اللّٰهَ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ [And ask ye God of his free gift, or of his bounty, or (as expl. in the Ksh and by Bd) of his exhaustless treasures]; and in the saying in the Kur [v. 59 and lvii. 21 and lxii. 4], ذٰلِكَ فَضْلُ اللّٰهِ يُؤْتِيهِ مَنْ يَشَآءُ [That is the free gift of God; He giveth it to whom He willeth]; which comprises the three sorts of excellences (فَضَائِل) [mentioned above]: thus says Er-Rághib: El-Muná- wee says, [explaining one of its meanings,] in the “ Towkeef,” that it is the commencing, or originating, of an act of beneficence without an efficient cause [i. e., app., not by reason of any obligation]. (TA.) b2: Also A portion remaining, (K, TA,) of a thing, such as food &c., and of water in the leathern water-bag, and of wine or beverage in the vessel; (TA;) and ↓ فَضْلَةٌ and ↓ فُضَالَةٌ signify the same, (K, TA,) or a redundant portion (S and O and Msb in explanation of these two words) of a thing: (S, O:) whence the saying of the vulgar, ↓ لِلْفَضِيلِ ↓ الفَضْلَةُ i. e. The remaining portion of the wine or beverage [is for the excel-lent]. (TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا يُمْنَعُ فَضْلُ المَآءِ لِيُمْنَعَ بِهِ الكَلَأُ [The redundance of water shall not be denied that the herbage be thereby denied]: (TA, in the present art.:) meaning that when there is a well in the desert, with herbage near it, and a person prevents others from drawing water, he thereby prevents the latter from availing themselves of the herbage; for when a man comes with his camels, and pastures them upon that herbage, and does not then water them, thirst kills them. (TA in art كلأ,) And it is said in another trad., فَضْلُ الإِزَارِ فِى النَّارِ [The redundant portion of the waist-wrapper is in the fire of Hell]; meaning what one drags [thereof] upon the around, by reason of pride. (TA;) and one says, فِى يَدِهِ فَضْلُ الزِّمَامِ, meaning [In his hand is] the end of the زمام [or nose-rein of the camel]. (TA.) ذَاتُ الفُضُولِ and ↓ الفضُولِ, with damm and with fet-h, [The thing having redundant portions] is the name of the coat of mail of the Prophet, which was thus called because having redundance and ampleness. (TA.) فُضُولُ الغَنَائِمِ means The remains of the spoils when they are divided (TA;) such as a single horse, or a single camel (KL.) And by the فُضُول of women are meant The remains of the menstrual discharge (Ham p. 107: see, there, explanations of a verse in which this occurs.) (??) [The confederacy, or covenant, of the فضول, a word which is here of uncertain meaning,] is thus explained: Háshim and Zuhrah and Teym [accord. to the CK Teymà] went in to 'Abd-Allah Ibn-Jud'án, and united in a confederacy to repel wrongdoing, and to exact the due from the wrongdoer; and it was thus called because they bound themselves by their confederacy not to leave in the possession of any one aught remaining [of property] whereof he aught despond any one, without their taking it for him [i. e. the latter] from him [i. e. the former] (O, K, TA: [in the CK, يَظْلِمُهُ أَحَدٌ is a mistake for يظلمه أَحَدًا:]) or it was thus called as being likened to a confederacy, or covenant, which was made of old, at Mekkeh, in the days of Jurhum, to act with mutual equity, and to take for the weak from the strong, and for the stranger from the resident, and in which three men, every one of whom was named El-Fadl, joined: and it was also called that of the مَطَيَّبُون. (TA. [See art. طيب.]) b3: The saying لَا يَمْلِكُ دِرْهَمًا فَضْلًا عَنْ دِينَارٍ, and the like may be said of other sayings similar to it, means He does not possess a dirhem nor a deenár [or rather much less a deenár]: it is as though one said, he does not possess a dirhem: how then should he possess a deenár? for the negation of that which is much is a necessary consequence of the negation of that which is little: فَضْلًا is here in the accus case as an inf. n.; the implied meaning being فَقَدَ مِلْكَ دِرْهَمٍ فَقْدًا يَفْضُلُ عَنْ فَقْدِ مِلْكِ دينَارٍ [or rather يَفْقِدُ &c., i. e. he lacks the possession of a dirhem with a lacking exceeding the lacking of the possession of a deenár]: (Msb:) Kutb-ed-Deen Esh-Sheerázee says, (Msb, TA,) in the Expos. of the “ Miftáh,” (TA,) فَضْلًا is used in a case in which the inferior [of two things] is deemed a thing of which the existence is improbable, and the impossibility of the existence of a thing that is above it is meant thereby; wherefore it occurs between two phrases differing in meaning; and it is mostly used after a particle of negation: (Msb, TA:) AHei says that he had not found any authority for it in the [classical] language of the Arabs. (Msb. [See also بَلْهَ, which is used in a somewhat similar manner.]) فُضُلٌ Wearing a single garment, such as is termed مِفْضَلٌ; an epithet applied to a woman; (S, Mgh, * O, K;) and also to a man; (S, O, K;) like ↓ مُتَفَضِّلٌ: (O, K:) it is of the dial. of Nejd; like فُرُجٌ in the dial. of El-Yemen. (L in art. فرج.) b2: And A woman proud, or self-conceited, or so in her gait; who makes a portion of her skirt to be redundant [so that it drags upon the ground when she walks]. (TA.) b3: See also مِفْضَلٌ, in three places.

فَضْلَةٌ: see فَضْلٌ, former half, in two places. b2: [Hence, as used by grammarians,] A dispensable member of a proposition; such as the objective complement of a verb, when the suppression thereof is not detrimental [to the meaning]; contr. of عُمْدَةٌ. (I'Ak, p. 143) [The pl. is فَضَلَاتٌ.] b3: And The clothes that are used for sleeping [therein]: (K, TA:) [so called] because they are an addition over and above the clothes that are used on various [other] occasions. (TA.) b4: And Wine; and so ↓ فِضَالٌ [which see also in what here follows]: (O, K:) الفَضْلَةُ is mentioned by A'Obeyd as a name for wine: (O:) or it signifies, accord. to AHn, the wine that alters [or has become altered] in colour after oldness; and ISd says that it is so called because the choice, or best, or most excellent, part thereof [for لأنّ حميمها in my original (an obvious mistranscription) I read لِأَنَّ صَمِيمَهَا ] is what remains: (TA:) the pl. is فَضَلَاتٌ and فِضَالٌ [the latter word mentioned above as a syn. of فَضْلَةٌ]. (K.) فِضْلَةٌ is a n. of the same kind as جِلْسَةٌ and رِكْبَةٌ: (Az, S, O, TA:) one says, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ الفِضْلَةِ, meaning [Verily he is comely in respect of] the manner of wearing a single garment. (S, * O, * K, * TA.) فِضَالٌ: see فَضْلَةٌ: b2: and see also مِفْضَلٌ.

فَضُولٌ: see فَضْلٌ, latter half.

فَضِيلٌ; pl. فُضَلَآءُ: see فَاضِلٌ; and see an ex. voce فَضْلٌ, former half.

فُضَالَةٌ: see فَضْلٌ, former half.

فَضِيلَةٌ An excellence, or excellent quality; contr. of نَقِيصَةٌ; (S, O, Msb;) and contr. of رَذِيلَةٌ: (M and K in art. رذل:) or a high degree in [or of] excellence: (K:) [differing from فَاضِلَةٌ, q. v.:] pl. فَضَائِلُ. (MA.) فُضَالَى [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned] i. q. ↓ مُتَفَضِّلُونَ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. [Men] who bestow, or confer, benefits. (TA.) فُضُولِىٌّ a rel. n. formed from فُضُولٌ as pl. of فَضْلٌ but used as a sing.: (Er-Rághib, Msb, TA:) see فَضْلٌ, near the beginning: One who busies himself with that which does not concern him. (Er-Rághib, Mgh, O, Msb, TA.) In the conventional language of the lawyers, One who is not a commissioned agent, (Mgh, O, KT, TA,) nor a guardian (وَلِىّ), (KT, TA,) nor a proprietor, (TA,) nor a person of firm judgment (أَصِيلٌ), in a contract. (KT.) The pronunciation with fet-h to the ف is a mistake. (Mgh, O.) b2: Also A tailor. (IAar, O, K.) فَضَّالٌ: see مِفْضَالٌ.

فَاضِلٌ [act. part. n. of فَضَلَ: as such signifying Exceeding; &c.]. One says, مَالُ فُلَانٍ فَاضِلٌ i. e. [The wealth, or property, of such a one is superfluous; or] abundant, or much in quantity, such as has exceeded the supply of food sufficient to sustain life (فَضَلَ عَنِ القُوتِ). (TA.) b2: and [Excelling; or excellent, as also ↓ فَضِيلٌ, of which the pl. is فُضَلَآءُ, but which is probably postclassical: or it is] applied to a man as [a possessive epithet] meaning possessing فَضْل [i. e. excel-lence]. (TA.) [And conventionally, Erudite; or excellent in learning.] b3: See also مَفْضُولٌ.

فَاضِلَةٌ is a subst. from فَضِيلَةٌ [app. as a concrete term, signifying An excellent thing, or an excel-lent action; each as distinguished from an excel-lent quality]; (K, TA;) pl. فَوَاضِلُ: (TA:) [but generally] it signifies a gift, or thing that is given: (Ham p. 431, and Har p. 184:) or a benefit, or benefaction: or such as is continual, or uninterrupted: (MA:) pl. as above: (Ham and Har, ubi suprà; and MA:) [or] فَوَاضِلُ signifies benefits, or benefactions, that are goodly, or pleasing, (IDrd, O, K,) or such as are great, or large. (K.) And فَوَاضِلُ المَالِ signifies What accrues to one of the proceeds and profits of property, (O, K, TA,) of the increase of lands and palm-trees and the like, and the gains of commercial transactions, and the milk and wool of cattle and sheep. (TA.) The Arabs say, إِذَا عَزَبَ المَالُ قَلَّتْ فَوَاضِلُهُ (O, K,) meaning When the estate is distant, the profits of its owner, accruing therefrom, are small in quantity. (O.) أَفْضَلُ [More, and most excellent, &c.]; fem.

فُضْلَى: (TA:) pl. masc. أَفَاضِلُ; and pl. fem.

فُضَلٌ and فُضْلَيَاتٌ. (Msb in art. اخر.) مِفْضَلٌ: see مِفْضَالٌ.

A2: Also A single garment that is worn [without any other] by a woman (S, O, K, KL) in her tent or house or chamber, such as is called خَيْعَلٌ [a garment variously described], or the like of this, (S,) and by a man; (KL;) also called ↓ مِفْضَلَةٌ, (K,) and ↓ فُضُلٌ; (Fr, O, K;) or ↓ ثَوْبٌ فُضُلٌ signifies a single garment, a مِلْحَفَة [q. v.], or the like thereof, with which a woman wraps herself (تَتَوَشَّحُ بِهِ); (Mgh;) and accord. to Lth, ↓ فِضَالٌ signifies a single garment that is worn by a man in his tent or house or chamber: (TA:) and مِفْضَلٌ signifies [also] an every-daygarment: (MA:) ↓ فِى ثِيَابٍ فُضُلٍ occurring in a trad. of 'Áïsheh requires consideration [as being questionable]. (Mgh.) مِفْضَلَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُفَضَّلٌ: see what next follows.

رَجُلٌ مِفْضَالٌ and ↓ مِفْضَلٌ and ↓ مُفَضَّلٌ and ↓ فَضَّالٌ A man possessing much excellence, or superiority, (K, TA,) and beneficence, and goodness, and liberality, or bounty. (TA.) And (K) رَجُلٌ مِفْضَالٌ (S, O, K) عَلَى قَوْمِهِ, (K,) and اِمْرَأَةٌ مِفْضَالَةٌ عَلَى قَوْمِهَا, A man, and a woman, possessing excellence, or superiority, [or much thereof, agreeably with the former explanation, over his, and her, people,] and liberal or bountiful [or very liberal or bountiful]. (S, O, K.) مَفْضُولٌ [pass. part. n. of فَضَلَ: as such signifying Exceeded; &c.: and excelled: and overcome, or surpassed, in highness, elevation, or eminence, of rank, &c.: and simply] overcome, or surpassed: whence the saying, قَدْ يُوجَدُ فِى المَفْضُولِ مَا لَا

↓ يُوجَدُفِى الفَاضِلِ [Sometimes, or often, what is not found in the overcomer is found in the overcome]. (TA.) مُتَفَضِّلٌ One who lays claim to superiority of excellence over his equals, or fellows. (S.) [See also its verb: and] see فُضَالَى.

A2: See also فُضُلٌ.

لزم

1 لَزِمَهُ It necessarily, or inseparably, belonged, or pertained, or it clave, or adhered, to him, or it; as also لَزِمَ لَهُ: it (disgrace, &c.) attached to him. b2: لَزِمَهُ أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ The management of the affair, or affairs, of such a one was, or became, incumbent, or obligatory, upon him. b3: لَزِمَ شَيْئًا He kept close, clave, clave fast, clung, or held fast, to anything. (S, K, &c.) and hence, He preserved a thing: see قَنِىَ. b4: See 3. b5: لَزمَ الغَرِيمَ, and لَزِمَ بِهِ, and ↓ لَازَمَهُ, He adhered, kept, clave, clung, or held fast, to the debtor. (Msb.) b6: لَزِمَ بَيْتَهُ He kept, or clave, to his house or tent; did not quit it; was not found elsewhere. (Kull, p. 318.) b7: لَزِمَهُ المَالُ The [paying of the] money &c. behoved him, lay on him, was incumbent on him, or obligatory on him. (Msb.) 3 لَازَمَهُ He kept, confined himself, clave, clung, or held fast, to him, or it: as also ↓ لَزِمَهُ: he held on, or continued, it. See 1.4 أَلْزَمَهُ شَيْئًا signifies He necessitated him, or obliged him, to do, and to pay, &c.; or to suffer, or endure, a thing: and hence, said of God, He decreed; or appointed, or ordained, to him a thing. And He made him to cleave to a thing; and he made a thing to cleave to him. See جَدَعَ. b2: أُلْزِمَ شَيْئًا لَا يُفَارِقُهُ [He was made to cleave to a thing, not quitting it]. (K.) b3: أَلْزَمَهُ اللّٰهُ الشَّرَّ May God make evil to cleave to him: or, to attend him constantly: or decree evil to him. b4: أَلْزَمَنَاهُ طَائِرَهُ فِى عُنُقِهِ, (Kur xvii. 14,) We have decreed to him his happiness or his misery, foreseeing that he would be obedient, or disobedient: (AM, in TA, art. طير:) or we have made his works and what is decreed to him to cleave to him like the طَوْق upon his neck. (Bd.) b5: أَلْزَمَهُ البَيِّنَةَ He compelled him, or constrained him, to accept, or admit, the evidence, or proof. (Jel xi. 30.) b6: أَلْزَمَهُ المَالَ He obliged him to pay the money &c. أَلْزَمَهُ العَمَلَ He obliged him to do the deed. (Msb.) b7: أَلْزَمْتُهُ الدَّنْبَ, and الحَقَّ: see زَكَّ. b8: أَلْزِمْ نَعْلَيْكَ قَدَمَيْكَ [Keep thou thy sandals upon thy feet]. (From a trad. in the Jámi' es-Sagheer.) 8 اِلْتَزَمَ He took upon himself an affair. (KL.) You say, اِلْتَزَمَهُ He took it upon himself; charged himself with it; obliged himself to do it; became, or made himself, answerable for it by an inseparable obligation: see بَآءَ. b2: اِلْتَزَمْتُ بَالمَالِ i. q. أَلْزَمْتُ بِهِ نَفْسِى, and تَكَفَّلْتُ بَهَ, accord. to IAmb, or تَحَمَّلْتُ بِهِ, accord. to Az; (Msb in art. كفل;) I made myself answerable, responsible or accountable, by an inseparable obligation, for the property: see ضَمِنَ. b3: اِلْتَزَمَ المَالَ, and العَمَلَ, He obliged himself, or took upon himself the obligation, to pay the money &c., and to do the deed. (Msb.) b4: اِلْتَزَمَهُ He kept, or restricted himself, to it; i. e. an action, or usage, &c. b5: And It was, or became, necessary for him, or obligatory upon him, to do it, or pay it, &c.; or to suffer it, or endure it. b6: دَلَفَ لِالْتِزَامِى He hastened to take me by the hand and embrace me: see دَلَفَ. b7: اِلْتِزَامٌ i. q. لُزُومُ مَا لَا يَلْزَمُ: see below.10 اِسْتَلْزَمَهُ It necessarily required it or involved it.

لَزُومٌ One who keeps, cleaves, clings, or holds fast, much, or habitually, لِشَىْءٍ to a thing: see an ex. in the Ham, p. 238, line 21.

لُزُومُ مَا لَا يَلْزَمُ The imposing upon one's self what is not indispensable; or adhering to a mode of construction that is not necessarily to be followed: as in the following instance in the خُطْبَة of the Kámoos: وَبَلَغُوا مِنَ الْمَقَاصِدِ قَاصِيَتَهَا وَمَلَكُوا مِنَ المَحَاسِنِ نَاصِيَتَهَا.

لَازِمٌ Keeping, keeping close, cleaving, &c.; tenacious: and pertinacious. b2: لَازِمٌ A thing inseparable from another thing: pl. لَوَازِمُ. (TA.) Such as cleaves fast; inseparable: as an epthet. b3: إِسْمٌ لَازِمٌ: see جَمْعٌ, as signifying “ a plural. ”

b4: لَوَازِمُ Necessary, or inseparable, adjuncts, accompaniments, consequences, or results.

أَلْزَمُ as syn. with أَقْنَى in the prov. خَلَاؤُكَ

أَقْنَى لِحَيَائِكَ means Most preservative: see that prov. in art. خلو, and see قَنِىَ الحَيَآءَ, and لَزِمَ شَيْئًا.

صوب

1 صَابَ, (S, M, A,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. صَوْبٌ (S, M, A, K) and مَصَابٌ, (Har p. 240,) said of rain, (S, M, A, *) It poured forth; (M, A, K;) as also ↓ انصاب: (M, K:) or it descended; and ↓ تصوّب signifies the like. (S.) A poet says, فَسَقَى دِيَارَكَ غَيْرَ مُفْسِدِهَا صَوْبُ الرَّبِيعِ وَدِيمَةٌ تَهْمِى

which may mean, [And may] the descending of the rain called the ربيع [and continuous rain, or continuous and still rain, pouring forth, water thy districts, not injuring them]: or it may mean, [may] the rain of the season called the ربيع [&c.]: so says IHsh. (MF, TA.) And one says of a calamity (شِدَّة), on the occasion of its befalling, صَابَتْ بِقُرٍّ, meaning It became [or fell] in its قَرَار [or settled or fixed place, or in the place where it should remain]. (S, TA. [See also art. قر.]) b2: And صاب, aor. as above, (M, TA,) inf. n. صَوْبٌ, (K, TA,) It, or he, came from a high place; (K, TA;) descended from above; (M, TA;) as also ↓ تصوّب: (K, TA:) and (TA) it, or he, descended; went down, downwards, down a declivity, or from a higher to a lower place or position; or it sloped down; syn. اِنْحَدَرَ; and so ↓ تصوّب. (M, TA. [See also 4, first sentence; and see 2, last sentence.]) b3: [Hence, app.,] صَابُوا بِهِمْ They fell upon them, or assaulted them: and agreeably with this meaning is expl. the saying of the Hudhalee, صَابُوا بِسِتَّةِ أَبْيَاتٍ وَأَرْبَعَةٍ

حَتَّى كَأَنَّ عَلَيْهِمْ جَابِئًا لُبَدَا meaning [They fell upon, or assaulted, six tents, or dwellings, and four; so that it was as though there were upon them] numerous locusts. (TA.) A2: صَوْبٌ [app. meaning صَوْبُ مَطَرٍ] signifies also The sky's bringing rain. (A, K.) b2: And The pouring forth (A, K, TA) of water [&c.]. (TA.) One says, صاب المَآءَ He poured forth the water; as also ↓ صوّبهُ. (M, TA.) A3: صاب as syn. with

أَصَابَ: see the latter in eight places.2 صَوَّبَ see above, last sentence but one. b2: [Hence, app.,] صَوَّبْتُ الفَرَسَ (assumed tropical:) I sent forth, or started, or let go, the horse in running. (S, TA.) b3: and تَصْوِيبٌ is the contr. of تَصْعِيدٌ [generally in a trans. sense (though also in an intrans. sense as will be seen below); i. e. it signifies The making to descend]. (M, TA.) One says, صوّب رَأْسَهُ He lowered, or depressed, his head. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K.) And صَوَّبَ اللّٰهُ رَأْسَهُ (tropical:) [May God degrade him; lit.] may God lower, or depress, his head. (TA.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ قَطَعَ سِدْرَةً صَوَّبَ اللّٰهُ رَأْسَهُ فِى النَّارِ, which, accord. to Aboo-Dáwood Es-Sijistánee, is abridged, and means, Whoso cuts down, or lops, a سدرة [which is a species of lote-tree], in a desert, by the shade whereof the traveller shelters himself, without just cause, God will, or may God, lower his head [in the fire of Hell]. (L, TA.) And one says, صوّب يَدَهُ He lowered, or depressed, his hand, or arm. (L, TA.) And صوّب الإِنَآءَ He inclined the vessel (Mgh, Msb) downwards, in order that what was in it might run [out]: (Mgh:) or he lowered, or depressed, the vessel; and in like manner, رَأْسَ الخَشَبَةِ [the head of the piece of wood]. (T, TA.) A2: And صوّب إِلَيْهِ يَصَرَهُ [He directed his sight towards him]. (Msb in art. لمح.

[From الصَّوَابُ.]) And صَعَّدَ فِىَّ النَّظَرَ وَصَوَّبَهُ: see art. صعد. b2: And صَوَّبْتُ قَوْلَهُ (assumed tropical:) I said that his saying was صَوَاب [i. e. right; or I pronounced his saying to be right]. (Msb.) And صوّب رَأْيَهُ (tropical:) [He pronounced his opinion to be right]. (A.) And صوّبهُ (assumed tropical:) He said to him أَصَبْتَ [Thou hast hit the right thing; or said, or done, right]. (S, K.) You say, إِنْ أَخْطَأْتُ فَخَطِّئْنِى وَإِنْ أَصَبْتُ فَصَوِّبْنِى (tropical:) [If I do, or say, wrong, tell me that I have done so; and if I do, or say, right, tell me that I have done so]. (A, TA.) A3: [تَصْوِيبٌ is also the contr. of تَصْعِيدٌ in an intrans. sense as well as in the trans. sense mentioned above:] one says, طَالَ فِى

الأَرْضِ تَصْوِيبِى وَتَصْعِيدِى [Long have continued my descending, or going down, and my ascending, or going up, in the land]. (A in art. صعد.) 4 اصاب, (M, TA,) inf. n. إِصَابَةٌ, (M, K, TA,) He descended, or went down, into a lower land, or country; contr. of أَصْعَدَ. (M, K, * TA. [See also 1 as syn. with 5; and see 2, last sentence.]) A2: اصاب القِرْطَاسَ, [inf. n. as above,] said of an arrow, [It hit, or struck, the butt, or target; or went right thereto;] (S, TA;) and ↓ صَابَهُ, (S, TA,) or صاب الهَدَفَ, (M,) aor. ـِ (S, M,) inf. n. صَيْبٌ, (S, TA,) likewise said of an arrow, (S, M, TA,) signifies the same; (S, TA;) or صاب said of an arrow is intrans. (M.) And اصاب alone, [as though used elliptically,] (Msb, TA,) inf. n. as above; (Msb, K;) and ↓ صاب, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. صَيْبُوبَةٌ, (S,) or صَوْبٌ; (Msb, K;) and ↓ صاب, aor. ـِ inf. n. صَيْبٌ; (Msb;) likewise said of an arrow, (S, Msb,) Itwent right; did not deviate from the right course: (S, K, * TA:) or it reached [or hit] the object of aim. (Msb.) And نَحْوَ الرِّمِيَّةِ ↓ صاب, (M, A, TA,) aor. ـُ (A, TA,) inf. n. صَوْبٌ and صَيْبُوبَةٌ, (M, TA,) said of an arrow, (M, A, TA,) It went right towards the thing, or animal, shot at; (M, TA;) as also اصاب. (TA.) b2: Also اصاب القِرْطَاسَ, (S, TA,) and اصاب فِى القِرْطَاسِ, (TA,) [said of a man, as is indicated by the context in the S and TA, He hit the butt, or target;] he did not miss the butt, or target. (TA.) And اصاب alone is said of an archer or the like [as meaning He hit the object of his aim]: (Msb:) one says, رَمَى فَأَصَابَ [He shot, or cast, and hit the object of his aim]. (A.) b3: [Hence, likening an event, &c., to an arrow,] one says also, اصابهُ أَمْرٌ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) [An event smote him, or befell him;] and ↓ صابهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. صَوْبٌ, signifies the same. (Msb.) and أَصَابَتْهُ مُصِيبَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [An affliction, or a calamity, &c., smote him, or befell him]. (S.) And اصابهُ الشَّىْءُ (assumed tropical:) The thing reached him [so as to take effect upon him]: (Mgh, * Msb:) whence the saying, أَصَابَهُ مِنْ قَوْلِ النَّاسِ مَا أَصَابَهُ (assumed tropical:) [There reached him &c., of the sayings of the people, what reached him &c.]. (Msb.) [Thus tropically used, اصابهُ may generally be rendered It hit, struck, smote, wounded, hurt, affected, assailed, or befell, him. One says, اصابهُ مَرَضٌ, and وَجَعٌ, and اصابتهُ رِيحٌ, &c., (assumed tropical:) A disease, and pain, and wind, &c., smote, affected, or assailed, him.] And المَطَرُ ↓ صَابَهُ, (S, Msb,) aor. ـُ inf. n. صَوْبٌ, (Msb,) (assumed tropical:) [The rain fell, or lighted, upon him, or it; wetted him, or it;] he, or it, was rained upon. (S.) and السَّمَآءُ الأَرْضَ ↓ صَابَتِ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [The sky, or clouds, or rain,] watered the earth, or land, copiously: (Lth, M, TA:) or it means أَصَابَتْهَا بِصَوْبٍ [it smote it with rain; or sent rain upon it]. (M, L, TA.) In the following verse, cited by IAar, فَكَيْفَ تُرَجِّى العاذِلَاتُ تَجَلُّدِى حَمِيمُهَا ↓ وَصَبْرِى إِذَا مَا النَّفْسُ صِيبَ he explains صِيبَ as being like قُصِدَ, and says that it may be of the dial. of him who says صَابَ السَّهْمُ; but [ISd remarks,] I know not how this is, for صَابَ السَّهْمُ is not trans.; [though, as shown above, he has mentioned it as being trans.;] and in my opinion, [he says,] صيب here is from the phrase صَابَتِ السَّمَآءُ الأَرْضَ [expl. above; the meaning of the verse being, But how should the censuring women hope for my constraining myself to behave with hardiness, and for my being patient, when the beloved of the soul has been smitten by death, or by the decree of death; for ISd adds,] كَأَنَّ المَنِيَّةَ صَابَتِ الحَمِيمَ فَأَصَابَتْهُ بِصَوْبِهَا. (M, TA. *) b4: [اصاب is also used in many phrases in which its agent is likened to an archer.] One says, اصاب الصَّوَابَ (tropical:) [He hit the right thing or point, or the object, or aim, of his words or of his actions]: (A:) and اصاب السَّدَادَ [which means the same]. (S in art. سد.) and اصاب alone [means thus likewise; or] (assumed tropical:) he said, or did, that which was right. (M, K. *) and اصاب فِى قَوْلِهِ وَفِعْلِهِ (assumed tropical:) He hit the right thing in his saying and his deed; (Msb;) and so فِى رَأْيِهِ in his opinion; contr. of أَخْطَأَ. (A.) and اصاب بِغْيَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) He attained, or obtained, the thing that he sought, or wanted: whence the saying, اصاب مِنْ زَوْجَتِهِ [and so app. أَصَابَهَا (see سَفَقَ)] (assumed tropical:) He obtained his desired enjoyment of his wife: (Msb:) اصاب مِنِّى occurs in a trad., [as a euphemism,] said by the wife of Handhaleh, meaning (assumed tropical:) He compressed me: (Mgh:) and it is said in a trad., كَانَ يُصِيبُ مِنْ رَأْسِ بَعْضِ نِسَائِهِ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) He used to kiss [the head of some one or more of his wives when he was fasting]. (TA: and the like is said in the Mgh.) And اصاب مِنَ المَالِ وَغَيْرِهِ (assumed tropical:) He took, or took with his hand, of the property and other things. (TA.) And اصاب الشَّىْءَ (tropical:) [He hit upon, or lighted on, the thing;] he found the thing. (S, M, K, * TA.) And اصابهُ [(assumed tropical:) He found it, met with it, or experienced it; namely, a good or an evil event. And (assumed tropical:) He found it out, or discovered it; namely, an enigma (see 8 in art. حجو) or the like. And] (assumed tropical:) He found it to be right: and (assumed tropical:) he saw it, considered it, or held it, to be right. (TA. [See also 10.]) And (assumed tropical:) He aimed at it; (As, TA;) (tropical:) he desired, wished, willed, intended, or meant, it. (As, M, A, Msb, TA.) One says, أَصَابَ فُلَانٌ الصَّوَابَ فَأَخْطَأَ الجَوَابَ (assumed tropical:) Such a one aimed at, and desired, [to say] that which was right, (As, Msb, * TA,) and failed of giving rightly the reply. (As, TA.) And أَيْنَ تُصِيبَانِ (assumed tropical:) [Whither do ye two desire to go?]; a saying of Ru-beh. (TA.) تَجْرِى بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَآءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ, in the Kur [xxxviii. 35, referring to the wind], has been expl. as meaning (assumed tropical:) [Running by his command softly, or gently,] whithersoever He desireth. (M, * TA.) And اصاب اللّٰهُ الَّذِى أَرَادَ, said in a trad., in reply to a question respecting the interpretation of a text, means (assumed tropical:) God desireth, or meaneth, [thereby,] what He desireth, or meaneth. (TA.) and اصاب اللّٰهُ بِكَ خَيْرًا means أَرَادَهُ (tropical:) [i. e. May God intend thee good]. (A.) And اصاب alone (assumed tropical:) He desired, or intended, or meant, that which was right. (M, K. *) One says also, اصابهُ بِخَيْرٍ (assumed tropical:) [meaning He did good to him]. (El-Muärrij, TA in art. اسو.) [But] اصابهُ بِكَذَا, (M,) inf. n. إِصَابَةٌ, (K,) with which are syn. ↓ مُصَابٌ [in accordance with a usage generally allowable] (S, TA) and ↓ مُصَابَةٌ, (K, TA,) (assumed tropical:) [generally] means He afflicted him with, or by, such a thing; or gave pain to him thereby. (M, K: * in the latter, only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense; and so in other senses.) [Thus one says, اصابهُ بِشَرٍّ (assumed tropical:) He afflicted him with evil; or did evil to him: and اصابهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ (assumed tropical:) He afflicted him with, or did to him, an abominable, or an evil, thing or action: and اصابهُ بِقَوْلٍ قَبِيحٍ (assumed tropical:) He afflicted him with, or said to him, a foul saying: and اصابهُ بِذَحْلٍ (assumed tropical:) He punished him by blood-revenge: and اصابهُ بِمَرَضٍ (assumed tropical:) He, (i. e. God,) or it, (a thing,) affected him with disease; or rendered him diseased: and in many similar cases, the phrase may be well rendered with a verb derived from the noun; like phrases in which “ affecit ” (a Latin equivalent of اصاب) occurs; as in “ honore affecit,” meaning “ honoravit. ”] El-Hárith Ibn-Khuld El-Makhzoomee says, رَجُلًا↓أَظُلَيْمُ إِنَّ مُصَابَكُمْ

أَهْدَى السَّلَامَ تَحِيَّةً ظُلْمُ (assumed tropical:) [O Dhuleymeh, verily your afflicting a man who has given the salutation of peace, greeting, is tyranny]: IB says that this verse is not of El-'Arjee, as El-Hareeree imagined it to be: the correct reading is أَظُلَيْمُ, as above: ظليم is an apocopated from of ظُلَيْمَةُ; which is the dim. of ظَلُوم: some read أَظَلُومُ: and some, أَسُلَيْمُ: [the verse is cited accord. to this last reading in the S:] رَجُلًا is governed in the accus. case by مُصَاب [as an inf. n.]: and ظُلْمُ is the enunciative of إِنَّ. (L, TA.) أَصَابَهُمُ الدَّهْرُ بِنُفُوسِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ (assumed tropical:) meansTime, or fate, afflicted them by destruction, or extirpation, among themselves and their cattle, or possessions. (M.) [In the K, الإِصَابةُ is expl. as signifying الاِحْتِيَاجُ: but the right reading is evidently الاِجْتِيَاحُ, as Ibr D has remarked in the margin of my copy of the TA; so that اصاب signifies (assumed tropical:) He destroyed, or extirpated; agreeably with an explanation in the sentence next preceding above, from the M.] مَنْ يُرِدِ اللّٰهُ بِهِ خَيْرًا يُصِبْ مِنْهُ, (assumed tropical:) occurring in a trad., means Him whom God intendeth good He trieth with afflictions, that He may recompense him for them. (TA.) And one says, مَا كُنْتُ مُصَابًا وَلَقَدْ أُصِبْتُ (assumed tropical:) [app. meaning I was not affected with weakness of intellect, or madness, and I have become affected therewith: see مُصَابٌ, below]. (IAar, TA.) 5 تصوّب [quasi-pass. of 2]: see 1, in three places. b2: Also It was, or became, lowered, or depressed; syn. تَسَفَّلَ. (A.) 6 تصاوب, accord. to Freytag, signifies He, or it, was well directed: but for this he names no authority.]7 إِنْصَوَبَ see 1, first sentence.10 اِسْتَصْوَبَهُ and اِسْتَصَابَهُ signify the same, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) (tropical:) He saw it, considered it, or held it, to be right; (M, Msb, TA;) namely, his deed, (S, Msb,) or his opinion, (M, TA,) or his saying: (A:) Th says, اِسْتَصَبْتُهُ is the regular form; but the Arabs say, اِسْتَصْوَبْتُ رَأْيَكَ. (M, TA. [See also 4, latter half.]) صَابٌ A certain species of tree, from which, when it is pressed, there issues what resembles milk, a drop of which sometimes spirts into the eye, producing an effect like that of a flame of fire, and in some instances weakening the sight: (M, TA:) or a certain kind of bitter tree; (As, T, M, K, TA;) one of which is termed ↓ صَابَةٌ: (M, K: * [in the latter it is said that صَابٌ is the pl. of صَابَةٌ; but properly speaking, the former is a coll. gen. n., and the latter is its n. un.:]) or the expressed juice of a kind of bitter tree: (S:) but accord. to the K, this is a mistake, though it is the saying of leading lexicologists: (TA:) or, as some say, the expressed juice of the صَبِر [or aloes]. (M.) صَوْبٌ an inf. n. used as a subst. (Msb) meaning Rain; (Lth, Msb;) and so ↓ صَيِّبٌ, which is originally [صَيْوِبٌ, i. e.] of the measure فَيْعِلٌ from الصَّوْبُ: (Bd in ii. 18:) or صَيِّبٌ is an epithet applied to clouds (غَيْمٌ, Sh, O, or سَحَابٌ, S, Msb) meaning having rain, (O,) i. q. ذُو صَوْبٍ: (S, Msb:) or صَوْبٌ and ↓ صَيِّبٌ and ↓ صَيُّوبٌ [the last of which is written in the CK صَيُوبٌ] all signify the same, (M, K,) as epithets applied to rain, meaning pouring forth: (M:) or ↓ صَيُّوبٌ, which is originally of the measure فَيْعُولٌ, [being altered from صَيْوُوبٌ,] means rain pouring forth much, or abundantly: (IDrd, O:) [↓ صَائِبٌ, also, is applied as an epithet to rain, like صَوْبٌ and صَيِّبٌ; and] in the phrase صِيبَانُ المَطَرِ, accord. to Abu-l-'Alà, صِيبَان is pl. of صَائِب; or it may be an inf. n., like حِرْمَان: and if one say ↓ صَيْبَان, with fet-h, the meaning is, what has poured forth of rain, notwithstanding the ى in it, for similar to this are رَيْحَان from الرَّوْح and عَيْدَان (meaning “ tall ” palm-trees) from العُوْد. (Ham p. 796.) A2: Also Course, or tendency; syn. قَصْدٌ: so in the saying, to one who is traversing a desert in uncertainty and has declined from the right way, أَقِمْ صَوْبَكَ [Rectify thy course]: and in the phrase فُلَانٌ مُسْتَقِيمُ الصَّوْبِ [Such a one is pursuing the right course], said of a person when he is not declining from his way to the right or left. (TA. [See also another ex. voce أَوْبٌ.]) b2: And A place, or point, of tendency or direction or bearing, syn. جِهَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) of a thing; (Msb;) and نَاحِيَةٌ [which means the same; and also a side; or a lateral, or an adjacent, part or tract of a thing; and in this sense صَوْبٌ is used in the present day]; and جَانِبٌ [which generally has the latter of these meanings]. (TA.) b3: See also صَوَابٌ, in three places.

صَابَةٌ: see مُصِيبَةٌ. b2: Also Weakness, or feebleness, in the intellect; (M, A, K;) or a touch of insanity therein; (A;) or somewhat of insanity, or of madneess produced by diabolical possession. (S.) A2: See also صَابٌ.

صُوبَةٌ A collection, (جَمَاعَةٌ, M, or مُجْتَمَعٌ, K,) or a collection, or heap, not measured nor weighed, (صُبْرَةٌ, A) of wheat: (M, A, K:) a heap of wheat, and of dates, and of other things: (M:) a quantity collected together of dust or earth: (TA:) or anything collected together: (Kr, M, K:) a place in which dates are collected and dried is thus called by the people of El-Felj. (ISk, S.) One says, دَخَلْتُ عَلَى فُلَانٍ فَإِذَا الدَّنَانِيرُ صُوبَةٌ بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ i. e. [I went in to such a one, and lo, the deenárs were] a heap poured out without measure before him: (S, M, * A: *) or, as some relate the saying, الدِّينَارُ, which is thus used as a gen. n. (M.) صَيْبَانٌ: see صَوْبٌ.

صَوَابٌ (assumed tropical:) A thing that is right, or what is said and of what is done; [like سَدَادٌ;] (Msb;) contr. of خَطَأٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ صَوْبٌ. (S, Msb, K.) One says, ↓ دَعْنِى وَعَلَىَّ خَطَئِى وَصَوْبِى i. e. صَوَابِى [meaning (assumed tropical:) Leave thou me, and on me be the consequence of my wrong saying or deed, and my right]. (S.) [And hence the phrase, frequent in some of the lexicons &c., الصَّوَابُ كَذَا meaning (assumed tropical:) The right, or correct, word or wording or reading is thus: and صَوَابُهُ كَذَا (assumed tropical:) The right, or correct, writing or wording or reading of it is thus.] b2: And one says also ↓ قَوْلٌ صَوْبٌ and صَوَابٌ [meaning (assumed tropical:) A right, or correct, saying: thus using each as an epithet]. (M.) صَوِيبٌ: see صَائِبٌ, in two places.

صَيُوبٌ: see صَائِبٌ; and see also art. صيب.

صَائِبٌ: see صَوْبٌ.

A2: Also, (S, M, A, K,) and ↓ مُصِيبٌ (A) and ↓ صَيُوبٌ and ↓ صَوِيبٌ, (M, K,) An arrow going right, or hitting the mark: (S, M, A, * K, * TA:) ↓ the last of these is the only epithet, known to IJ, of the measure فَعِيلٌ having the ف and ل sound and having و for its ع, except طَوِيلٌ and قَوِيمٌ; for عَوِيصٌ is [held by him to be only] used as a subst.: صِيَابٌ is pl. of صَائِبٌ, like صِيَامٌ and قِيَامٌ pls. of صَائِمٌ and قَائِمٌ; either from الصَّوَابُ فِى الرَّمْىِ or from صَابَ السَّهْمُ الهَدَفَ having يَصِيبُ for its aor. (M.) [See also صَيُوبٌ in art. صيب.] One says, إِنَّهُ لَسَهْمٌ صَائِبٌ Verily it is an arrow that goes right. (TA.) مَعَ الخَوَاطِئِ سَهْمٌ صَائِبٌ is a prov. [expl. in art. خطأ]. (S.) b2: [Hence,] one says also رَأْىٌ صَائِبٌ and ↓ مُصِيبٌ (tropical:) [A right opinion]: (A, TA:) [Mtr says,] ↓ رَأْىٌ صَيِّبٌ meaning صَائِبٌ I have not found. (Mgh.) صَيِّبٌ: see صَوْبٌ, in two places: and صَائِبٌ.

صُيَّابٌ: see صُوَّابَةٌ, in two places; and see art. صيب.

صَيُّوبٌ: see صَوْبٌ, in two places.

صُوَّابَةٌ The choice, or best, class of a people; (Fr, S, M, K;) as also ↓ صُيَّابَةٌ (Fr, S, K) and ↓ صُيَّابٌ. (K.) And ↓ قَوْمٌ صُيَّابٌ A choice, or an excellent, people. (S.) And ↓ صُيَّابَةٌ signifies The choice, or best, of anything. (S.) [See also art. صيب.] b2: Also, صُوَّابَةٌ, The collective body of a people; (M;) and so ↓ صُيَّابَةٌ. (Kr, M in art. صيب.) صُيَّابَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places; and see art. صيب.

أَصْوَبُ [More, and most, affected with weakness in the intellect, or insanity, or madness: see صَابَةٌ]. When a man says to another أَنْتَ مُصَابٌ [meaning Thou art affected with weakness in the intellect, &c.], the latter replies أَنْتَ أَصْوَبُ مِنِّى

[Thou art more affected with weakness in the intellect, &c., than I]. (IAar, M, TA. [Thus these phrases are used in the present day.]) مَصَابٌ [A place of pouring forth: pl. مَصَاوِبُ]. One says, هُوَ مَصَابُ الوَدْقِ [It is the place of the pouring of rain in the clouds]: and شِمْتُ مَصَاوِبَ المَطَرِ [I watched, or watched for, the places of the pouring of rain in the clouds]: and سَقَاهُمْ مَصَاوِبُ السَّمَآءَ [The places of the pouring of the rain watered them; or may the places &c. water them]. (A.) مُصَابٌ pass. part. n. of 4 [meaning Hit, struck, smitten, wounded, hurt, affected, assailed, afflicted, &c.]. (S, Msb, TA.) b2: Affected with weakness, or feebleness, in the intellect; (TA;) or with somewhat of insanity, or madness produced by diabolical possession: (S, TA:) or mad, or possessed. (TA.) [See صَابَةٌ; and see also 4, last sentence; and أَصْوَبُ.]

A2: Also Syn. with إِصَابَةٌ: (S, TA:) see 4, latter half, in two places. b2: And Syn. with مُصِيبَةٌ, q. v. (A, Msb.) A3: Also The sugar-cane. (L, TA, and so in a copy of the S.) مَصُوبٌ pass. part. n. of صَابَ [q. v.]. (Msb.) مِصْوَبٌ A ladle. (IAar, K.) مُصِيبٌ: see صَائِبٌ, in two places.

مُصَابَةٌ Syn. with إِصَابَةٌ: (K, TA:) see 4, latter half. b2: See also مُصِيبَةٌ. b3: تَرَكْتُ النَّاسَ عَلَى

مُصَابَاتِهِمْ is a saying mentioned by Ibn-Buzurj, as meaning [I left the people disposed, or placed,] according to their classes, or ranks. (TA.) مَصُوبَةٌ: see the next paragraph.

مُصِيبَةٌ, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) said by Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà to be originally مُصْوِبَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ مَصُوبَةٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُصَابَةٌ (M, K) and ↓ مُصَابٌ (A, Msb) and ↓ صَابَةٌ, (M, K,) signify the same, (S, M, A, Msb, K,) An affliction, a calamity, a misfortune, a disaster, or an evil accident: (M, Msb, TA:) it is said in the Towsheeh that the primary signification of مُصِيبَةٌ is a shot with an arrow: (TA:) the pl. is مَصَائِبُ, (S, M, A, Msb,) the form commonly obtaining, (Msb,) but irregular, (M,) the Arabs agreeing in pronouncing it with ء, as though they likened the radical letter to the augmentative, (S,) or they imagined what is of the measure مُفْعِلَةٌ to be of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ without a radical ى or و, (M,) and it is thought by As to be of the speech of the people of the cities, (Msb,) and مَصَاوِبُ, (M,) which is the original form, (S,) or is said to be so, (Msb,) and is said by Zj to be the form preferred by the grammarians, (TA,) and مُصِيبَاتٌ. (As, A, Msb.) قَطٌّ مُصَوَّبٌ A nibbing in which the exterior of the writing-reed is made to extend beyond the pith: opposed to قَائِمٌ. (TA in art. حرف.)

صلح

1 صَلَحَ, (S, Mgh, Msb, &c.,) aor. ـُ (S, MA, Mgh, Msb,) the well-known form, though omitted in the K, (TA,) and صَلَحَ, (MA, K, Msb,) [said by some to be] the more chaste, because agreeable with analogy, (TA,) [but the former is the more common,] inf. n. صُلُوحٌ (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K * [in the CK الصَّلُوح is erroneously put for الصُّلُوح]) and صَلَاحٌ (S, * MA, Mgh, Msb, K *) and مَصْلَحَةٌ; (MA;) and صَلُحَ, aor. ـُ (S, MA, Mgh, Msb, K,) mentioned by Fr, on the authority of his companions, (S, TA,) but said by IDrd to be not well established, (TA,) inf. n. صَلَاحٌ and صَلَاحَةٌ, (MA,) or صَلَاحِيَةٌ; (TA;) said of a thing, (S, Mgh, Msb,) and of a man, (TA,) It, and he, was, or became, good, incorrupt, right, just, righteous, virtuous, or honest; it was or became, in a good, incorrupt, sound, right, or proper, state, or in a state of order; he, or it, throve; contr. of فسد [i. e. فَسَدَ and فَسُدَ]; (MA; [and S and A and Mgh and K by implication; see صَلَاحٌ below;]) in Pers\. نيك شد; (MA;) [and ↓ استصلح signifies the same, for] صَلَاحٌ and اِسْتِصْلَاحٌ both signify in Pers\. نيك شدن. (KL.) One says, صَلَحَتْ حَالُ فُلَانٍ [The state, or condition, of such a one became good, right, or proper]. (A, TA.) b2: [Hence,] هٰذَا أَدِيمٌ يَصْلُحُ لِلنَّعْلِ (tropical:) [This is leather that is suitable for the sandal]. (A.) And هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ يَصْلُحُ لَكَ (tropical:) This thing is suitable to thee; or fit, or meet, for thee. (S, K, * TA.) And فُلَانٌ لَا يَصْلُحُ لِصُحْبَتِكَ (tropical:) [Such a one is not fit for being thy companion]. (A.) 3 صالحهُ, (A, Msb, K,) inf. n. صَلَاحٌ (S, Msb, K) and مُصَالَحَةٌ, (S, K,) the former of which is made fem. in a verse of Bishr Ibn-Abee-Házim, (TA,) [He made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, with him; or he reconciled himself with him: for] مُصَالَحَةٌ is the contr. of مُخَاصَمَةٌ. (Mgh.) And صالحهُ عَلَى كَذَا He made peace, or reconciliation, [or a compromise,] with him on the condition of such a thing. (MA.) and صالحهُ عَلَى بَعْضِ مَا لَهُ [He compounded with him for part of what was owed to him; he made a compromise with him on the condition of receiving part of what was due to him]; said of a creditor and debtor. (Mgh in art. ضغط.) And صَالَحْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, inf. n. مُصَالَحَةٌ, I made peace, or a reconciliation, between the people, or party; syn. لَآءَمْتُ. (Msb in art. لأم. [See also 4.]) 4 اصلحهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِصْلَاحٌ, (S, A,) and quasi-inf. n. صَلَاحٌ, (L in art. لقح,) said of a man, (A, Msb,) and of God, (TA,) [and of a thing,] He, and it, made, or rendered, it, or him, good, incorrupt, right, just, righteous, virtuous, or honest; constituted it, disposed it, arranged it, or qualified it, well, rightly, or properly; rectified, corrected, redressed, or reformed, it; put it into a good, incorrupt, sound, right, or proper, state; or restored it to such a state; put it to rights, or in a state of order; set it right, set it in order, ordered it, managed it well, cultured it; adjusted, dressed, or trimmed, it; prepared it properly for use; repaired, mended, amended, or improved, it; made it, or him, to thrive; contr. of أَفْسَدَهُ. (S, * K. [And so by implication in the Mgh &c.]) One says, أَصْلَحْتُ القِدْرَ بِالتَّابَلِ [I made good, qualified properly, or seasoned, (the contents of) the cooking-pot with the seeds that are used in cooking]. (Msb in art. تبل.) And أَصْلَحْتُ السِّقَآءَ بِالرُّبِّ [I seasoned the skin with rob, or inspissated juice]. (S in art. رب.) And أَصْلَحْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [in which الأَمْرَ is understood, so that the meaning is I rectified, or reformed, or amended, the circumstances subsisting between the people, or party; or] I made peace, or I effected a rectification of affairs, an agreement, a harmony, a reconciliation, an accomodation, or an adjustment; [or I adjusted the affair;] between the people, or party. (Msb.) And سَعَى فِى إِصْلاَحِ ذَاتِ البَيْنِ [He laboured in rectifying, or improving, the bad, or the good, state of circumstances, or the disunion or union, subsisting between people]. (A.) One says also, اصلح الدَّابَّةَ, (TA,) and اصلح إِلَى الدَّابَّةِ, (T, A, Mgh, TA,) the latter because اصلح implies the meaning of أَحْسَنَ, (Mgh,) (tropical:) He acted well to the beast, (T, A, TA,) and put it into a good, or right, or proper, state, or took care of it, or paid frequent attention to it. (A, TA.) and اصلح إِلَيْهِ (tropical:) He acted well to him, did good to him, or benefited him. (K, TA.) And اصلح [alone] (assumed tropical:) He did that which was good, right, or just. (Msb.) 6 تصالحا and اِصَّالَحَا &c.: see 8, in four places.7 انصلح [quasi-pass. of أَصْلَحَهُ; thus signifying It became rectified, &c.: see تَشَعَّبَ]. (K in art. شعب.) 8 اصطلحا (S, A, K) and اصتلحا, (K,) and ↓ تصالحا (S, A, K) and ↓ اِصَّالَحَا, (S, K,) [the last a var. of تصالحا,] all signify the same, (TA,) and القَوْمُ ↓ تصالح, and اصطلحوا, (Mgh,) [They two, (i. e. two persons or two parties,) and] the people, or party, made peace, or became at peace or reconciled, [each with the other, and] one with another: (Msb:) [اِصْطِلَاحٌ is the contr. of اِخْتِصَامٌ and] ↓ تَصَالُحٌ is the contr. of تَخَاصُمٌ. (Mgh.) b2: And اصطلحوا عَلَى أَمْرٍ They (a particular class of persons) agreed together, or among themselves, respecting a particular thing. (ElKhafájee, MF.) b3: [Hence,] اِصْطِلَاحٌ signifies also The agreement of a people to name a thing by any name turned from the primary application. (KT.) b4: And [as an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n., for مُصْطَلَحٌ عَلَيْهِ,] Conventional [or technical] language: and a conventional [or technical] term: opposed to [لُغَةٌ and] تَوْقِيفٌ. (Mz 1st نوع.) 10 استصلح is the contr. of استفسد: (S, L, K:) [i. e. it signifies He regarded, or esteemed, a thing good, incorrupt, right, just, or the like; as expl. in the TK; and in like manner, a man. b2: He wished, or desired, a thing to be good, incorrupt, right, just, &c.; as in the TK; and in like manner, a man. b3: And He sought to render good, incorrupt, &c. b4: And hence, He treated in such a manner as to render well affected, or obedient.]

A2: Also He sought to do good or to act well [إِلَى فُلَانٍ to such a one]. (KL.) b2: And He sought peace, or concord. (KL.) b3: And It happened well. (KL.) b4: See also 1.

صُلْحٌ a subst. from مُصَالَحَةٌ, (S, Msb, KT,) syn. with the latter; (Mgh;) masc. and fem.; (S, K;) Peace, reconciliation, or agreement, (Mgh, Msb, K, KT, TA,) after contention: and in the law it means a compact to give over, or relinquish, contention. (KT.) One says, وَقَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا صُلْحٌ (A, TA) Peace, or reconciliation, took place between them two. (TA.) [And أُخِذَ صُلْحًا It (a fortress or the like) was taken peacefully, or by surrender.] b2: Also That in respect of which there has been made a peaceful compact: or which has been taken in the way of peace. (Mgh.) b3: And A party at peace with others. (TA.) You say, هُمْ لَنَا صُلْحٌ They are [a party] at peace with us. (A, TA.) And you say also ↓ قَوْمٌ صُلُوحٌ A people, or party, who are at peace: the latter word in this case being app. an inf. n. used as an epithet. (TA. [See also صَالِحٌ.]) صَلْحٌ: see صَالِحٌ.

صَلَاحٌ an inf. n. of صَلَحَ (MA, Mgh, Msb) and of صَلُحَ: (MA:) [used as a simple subst, it signifies Goodness, incorruptness, rightness or rectitude, justness, righteousness, virtue, honesty; &c.: see 1:] contr. of فَسَادٌ; (S, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ صُلُوحٌ: (K, TA: [الصَّلُوح in the CK being a mistake for الصُّلُوح:]) accord. to some, it is not used as an attribute of a prophet nor of an apostle, but only of a person inferior to these: accord. to others, however, this restriction is wrong. (MF.) b2: Also quasi-inf. n. of 4. (L in art. لقح.) b3: And [hence,] A thing that is good, and right. (Msb.) See also مَصْلَحَةٌ.

A2: صَلَاحِ, like قَطَامِ, is a name of Mekkeh; (S, A, K;) either from الصُّلْحُ or from الصَّلَاحُ; (TA;) and sometimes it is perfectly decl. [pronounced صَلَاحٌ]. (S, K.) صُلُوحٌ: see صُلْحٌ, and صَلَاحٌ: b2: and see also صَالِحٌ.

صَلِيحٌ: see what next follows.

صَالِحٌ, (MA, L, Msb, K,) from صَلَحَ; (MA;) and ↓ صَلِيحٌ, (IAar, L, K,) from صَلُحَ; (MA;) and ↓ صِلْحٌ; (K;) applied to a thing, (Msb,) and to a man, (MA,) Good, incorrupt, right, just, righteous, virtuous, or honest; &c.; [see 1; contr. of فَاسِدٌ:] (MA, L, K:) pl. صُلَحَآءُ [accord. to general analogy of صَلِيحٌ, and app. applied only to rational beings, like صَالِحُونَ,] and ↓ صُلُوحٌ [q. v.; this being said by some to be a pl. of صَالِحٌ; and by others, to be originally an inf. n.; like as is said of شُهُودٌ]. (L.) One says رَجُلٌ صَالِحٌ فِى نَفْسِهِ [A man good, incorrupt, &c., in himself], مِنْ قَوْمٍ صُلَحَآءَ [of a people good, incorrupt, &c.]. (L.) And هُوَ عَلَى حَالَةٍ صَالِحَةٍ [He is in a good, right, or proper, state or condition]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] صَالِحٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) Suitable, fit, or meet: so in the saying, هُوَ صَالِحٌ لِلْوِلَايَةِ (assumed tropical:) [He is fit for the office of prefect, or the like]. (Msb.) b3: And (tropical:) Much, copious, or frequent: one says مَطْرَةٌ صَالِحَةٌ (tropical:) A copious rain. (Yaakoob, L, TA.) And hence the saying of IJ, أُبْدِلَتِ التَّآءُ مِنَ الوَاوِ إِبْدَالًا صَالِحًا, meaning (tropical:) [ت is substituted for و] frequently. (TA.) b4: The ا in صَالِحٌ is [often] omitted in writing [though not in pronunciation] when it is used as a proper name [so that the name is written صلح, or more properly صٰلِحٌ]. (Durrat el-Ghowwás in De Sacy's Anthol. Gram. Ar. p. 66 of the Arabic text.) صَالِحَةٌ [a subst. from صَالِحٌ, made so by the affix ة; A good deed or action; an act of beneficence; a benefit]. One says, لَا تُعَدُّ صَالِحَاتُهُ [His good deeds, or beneficent actions, are not to be numbered]. (A, TA.) And أَتَتْنِى صَالِحَةٌ مِنْ فُلَانٍ

[A benefit came to me from such a one]. (TA.) اِصْطِلَاحٌ [for مُصْطَلَحٌ عَلَيْهِ: see 8, last sentence].

اِصْطِلَاحِىٌّ Conventional [or technical] language: opposed to [لُغَوِىٌّ and] تَوْقِيفِىٌّ. (Mz 1st نوع.) مُصْلِحٌ [act. part. n. of 4, q. v.]. One says, رَجُلٌ مُصْلِحٌ فِى أُمُورِهِ وَأَعْمَالِهِ [A man who does well, rightly, justly, or properly, in his affairs and his actions]. (L.) مَصْلَحَةٌ A cause, a means, or an occasion, of good; a thing, an affair, or a business, conducive to good, or that is for good; [and hence it may often be rendered simply an affair, when the context shows it to mean what is conducive to good or done for a good purpose;] contr. of مَفْسَدَةٌ; (S and Msb and K in art. فسد;) a good, right, or virtuous, affair; (KL;) a thing that is good and right; syn. ↓ صَلَاحٌ [q. v.]: pl. مَصَالِحُ. (S, A, Msb, K.) One says, نَظَرَ فِى مَصالِحِ النَّاسِ [He considered the things that were for the good of the people]. (A, TA.) And هُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ المَفَاسِدِ لَا المَصَالِحِ [They are of the people who occupy themselves in the things conducive to evil, not the things conducive to good]. (A, TA. *) And فِى الأَمْرِ مَصْلَحَةٌ In the affair is that which is good: (Msb:) [or a cause of good.] and رَأَى الإِمَامُ المَصْلَحَةَ فِى كَذَا The Imám saw what was good and right [or what was conducive to good] in such a thing. (TA.) b2: It is also an inf. n. of صَلَحَ. (MA.) مُتَصَلَّحٌ A place, of a garment [&c.], that is to be repaired, or mended; syn. مُتَرَدَّمٌ. (T in art. ردم.)