درهم

Q. 1 دَرْهَمَتْ, said of the خُبَازَى [or mallow], (K, TA,) It became round [in its leaves]; (TA;) its leaves became like [the silver coins called]

دَرَاهِم. (K.) Q. 4 اِدْرَهَمَّ, (S, K,) inf. n. اِدْرِهْمَامٌ, (S,) He (a man, TA) became aged: (K, TA:) or he (an old man) tottered (سَقَطَ) by reason of age. (S, TA.) b2: ادرهمّ بَصَرَهُ His sight became dim, or obscure. (K.) دِرْهَمٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) of the measure فِعْلَلٌ, (Msb, MF,) of which it has been said that there are only three other instances, but there are many more; (MF;) an arabicized word, (S, Msb,) from the Pers\. [دِرَمْ]; (S;) also pronounced ↓ دِرْهِمٌ, (S, Msb, K,) but this is of rare occurrence; (TA;) and ↓ دِرْهَامٌ, (S, K,) which is more rare; (TA;) A certain silver coin; (Mgh, Msb;) like as دِينَارٌ signifies a certain gold coin: (Mgh:) [and the weight thereof; i. e. a drachm, or dram:] its weight is six دَوَانِيق [or dániks]; (Msb, and K in art. مك;) i. e., the weight of the دِرْهَم إِسْلَامِىّ: but in the Time of Ignorance, some dirhems were light, being four دوانيق; and these were called طَبَرِيَّةٌ: and some were heavy, being eight دوانيق; and these were called عَبْدِيَّةٌ, or بَغْلِيَّةٌ: and of these two they made two that were equal; so that each درهم was six دوانيق: this is said to have been done by 'Omar: or, accord. to another account, some dirhems were of the weight of twenty carats, and were called the weight of ten [i. e. of ten dániks]; and some were of the weight of ten [carats], and were called the weight of five; and some were of the weight of twelve [carats], and were called the weight of six; and they put the three weights together, and called the third part thereof the weight of seven: and one of the weights of the درهم before El-Islám was twelve carats, which is six دوانيق: but the درهم اسلامىّ is sixteen carats; the دانق of this being a carat and two thirds: (Msb:) or dirhems should be fourteen carats [i. e. seven dániks]; ten being of the weight of seven مَثَاقِيل [or mithkáls]: in the Time of Ignorance, some were heavy, [equal to] مثاقيل; and some were light, [called]

طَبَرِيَّةٌ; and when they were coined in the age of El-Islám, they made of the heavy and the light two dirhems, so that ten became equal to seven مثاقيل: A 'Obeyd says that this was done in the time [of the dynasty] of the sons of Umeiyeh: (El-Karkhee, cited in the Mgh:) [see also De Sacy's “ Chrest. Arabe,” sec. ed., vol. ii. p. 110 of the Arabic text, and p. 282 of the transl.; where it is further stated, on the authority of Ibn-Khaldoon, that the دِرْهَم مَغْرِبِىّ was three دوانيق; and the يَمَنِىّ, one دانق; and, as is said in the Msb, that 'Omar adopted the mean between the بغلىّ and the طبرىّ, making the درهم to be six:] the pl. (of درهم, S) is دَرَاهِمُ and (of درهام, S) دَرَاهِيمُ. (S, K.) [The former of these pls. is often used as signifying Money, cash, or coin, in an absolute sense.] The dim. is ↓ دُرَيْهِمٌ and ↓ دُرَيْهِيمٌ: the latter held by Sb to be anomalous; for he says that it is as though it were formed from دِرْهَامٌ, though this was not used by them. (TA.) b2: Hence, as being likened thereto, [i. e., to the coin thus called,] (TA,) دِرْهَمٌ signifies also (assumed tropical:) A حَدِيقَة [app. as meaning a round piece of land surrounded by a fence or the like, or by elevated land; for this is one of the significations of حَدِيقَةٌ]. (K.) [It is said that] this is taken from the saying of 'Antarah, [describing shower of copious rain,] فَتَرَكْنَ كُلَّ حَدِيقَةٍ كَالدِّرْهَمِ [So that they left every ridged-round spot of ground like the درهم]. (TA.) [But accord. to one reading, he said, كُلَّ قَرَارَةٍ; meaning, as is said in the EM, p. 227, “every round hollow; ” and likening such a hollow to the درهم because of its roundness, and the clearness and whiteness of its water.]

دِرْهِمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دِرْهَامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دُرَيْهِمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

دُرَيْهِيمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

مُدَرْهَمٌ A man possessing many دَرَاهِم: (Az, K:) it has no verb: (TA:) you should not say دُرْهِمَ. (Az, K.) مُدْرَهِمٌّ An old man tottering (سَاقِطٌ) by reason of age. (S, K.)

غرنق

غَرْنَقَةٌ An amorous playing with the eyes. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) غِرْنَاقٌ: see غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence.

غُرْنُوقٌ is held by the author of the K to be wrongly mentioned by J in art. غرق, on the ground of the saying that the ن is radical; and IJ says that Sb has mentioned غُرْنَيْقٌ among quadriliteral-radical words: but there is a difference of opinion on this point; for AHei asserts that the ن in غُرْنُوقٌ and in all its dial. vars. is augmentative. (TA.) b2: See غُرْنَيْقٌ, in two places. b3: Also sing. of غَرَانِقُ, which signifies (assumed tropical:) Certain trees: (Aboo-Ziyád, O, K:) or, as also ↓ غُرَانِقٌ, sing. of غَرَانِيقُ, which signifies the tender sprouts at the root, or lower part, of the عَوْسَج [or box-thorn]: (AA, O, K:) likened to a tender youth, because of their freshness and beauty: (TA:) or غُرْنُوقٌ signifies a tender and concealed plant; (K, TA;) or, accord. to one copy [of the K], a tender, spreading plant: mentioned by AHn. (TA.) b4: And (assumed tropical:) A lock of hair much twisted: (Lth, O, K:) or, accord. to IAar, a forelock: so in the phrase جَذَبَ غُرْنُوقَهُ [He pulled his forelock]: and نُغْرُوقٌ signifies the “ hair of the back of the neck. ” (O, TA.) غِرْنَوْقٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

غُرْنَيْقٌ (S, K) and ↓ غُرْنُوقٌ and ↓ غِرْنَوْقٌ (O, K) A certain aquatic bird, (S, O, K, TA,) long in the neck (S, O, TA) and in the legs, (TA,) white, (O, K, TA,) or black: (K, TA:) [app. the white stork, ardea ciconia; or, accord. to some, the black stork, ardea nigra:] or, accord. to IAmb, the males [or male] thereof: (TA:) or the first, (O, K,) as also the second, (K,) signifies the كُرْكِىّ [or Numidean crane, ardea virgo]: (As, O, K, TA:) or a certain bird resembling this: (ISk, O, K, TA:) pl. غَرَانِيقُ. (O, TA.) It is related of the Prophet that [when he was reciting the words of the Kur (liii. 19 and 20), “Have ye considered El-Lát, and El-'Ozzà, and Menáh, the other third? ”] the Devil put into his mouth the saying تِلْكَ الغَرَانِيقُ العُلَى [Those are the most high غرانيق, as though meaning cranes, for the Numidian crane is remarkable in the East for its superlatively-high flight]; referring, as IAar says, to the idols, which were asserted to be intercessors with God, wherefore they are likened to the birds that rise high into the sky: (O, TA: *) or غرانيق may in this case be a pl. of one of the sings. expl. in what here follows [but applied to females]. (O.) b2: غُرْنَيْقٌ (O, K, TA, and so in copies of the S) and ↓ غِرْنَيْقٌ (IJ, TA, and so in some copies of the S in the place of the former) and ↓ غُرْنُوقٌ and ↓ غِرْنَوْقٌ (S, O, K, TA) and ↓ غِرْنِيقٌ (K) and ↓ غِرْنَاقٌ and ↓ غَرَوْنَقٌ (O, K) and ↓ غُرَانِقٌ (S, K) signify (assumed tropical:) A tender youth; (S;) or a white, or fair, and comely, or beautiful, youth; (O, K;) or a youth white, or fair, tender, having beautiful hair, and comely: (TA:) pl. غَرَانِيقُ and غَرَانِقَةٌ (S, O, K) and غَرَانِقُ, (S, K,) which last may be pl. of غُرَانِقٌ, agreeably with analogy, (IAmb, TA,) or it may be a contraction of غَرَانِيقُ, as such used by a poet. (TA.) غِرْنَيْقٌ and غِرْنِيْقٌ: see the next preceding sentence.

غُرَانِقٌ, applied to a youth, (K, TA,) and to youthfulness, (TA, and so in the CK instead of a youth,) Perfect, or without defect. (K, TA.) And, applied to a woman, as also غُرَانِقَةٌ, Youthful and plump. (K.) b2: See also غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence. b3: لِمَّةٌ غُرَانِقَةٌ and ↓ غُرَانِقِيَّةٌ [Hair descending below the lobe of the ear, or descending upon the shoulders,] sleek, such as the wind puts in motion. (Sh, O, K.) b4: See also غُرْنُوقٌ.

غَرَوْنَقٌ: see غُرْنَيْقٌ, last sentence.

لِمَّةٌ غُرَانِقِيَّةٌ: see غُرَانِقٌ.

كبرت

Q. 1 كَبْرَتَ بَعِيرَهُ He smeared his camel over with كِبْرِيت [or sulphur], (K,) mixed with grease, and with خَضَخَاض, which is a kind of نِفْط [or naphtha], black, and of a thin consistence; not قَطِرَان; for this is the black, thick, expressed juice of a certain tree. (TS.) This is done to cure the scab, for the removal of which it is very efficacious. (TA.) كِبْرِيتٌ [Brimstone, or sulphur;] a thing well known; (S, art. كبر;) one of the kinds of stone with which fire is kindled, or it (red كبريت TA) is a mineral whereof the mine is beyond EtTubbat, [or the country of Et-Tibbet, in Tartary,] in the Valley of the Ants, (K,) by which Solomon passed, (TA,) [as related in the Kur, xxvii. 18]: or [the product of] a spring, or source, whereof the water, when it congeals, becomes white, and yellow, and dusky-coloured, كبريت: (Lth, in the T:) MF says, I have seen it in several places; among these, in one which is near El-Maláleeh, between Fás and Miknáseh; by swimming in which, persons are cured of the venereal disease, and other disorders: also in Africa Proper, in the midst of Barkah, in a place called البرج; and in other places: (TA:) Aristotle says, that, among the different kinds of كبريت are the red, of an excellent colour; and the white, which resembles dust; and the yellow: the source of the red is in the West: it does not appear in its place: the yellow is found near the ocean, a league (or leagues, as in the TA,) from it: it is useful in cases of epilepsy, and apoplexy, and megrim, and palpitation: and it enters into the preparations of gold: the white blackens white substances; and it is sometimes mixed and concealed in the sources of running water, which sources have a fetid odour: the person who plunges into these waters in times when the air is temperate is cured by them of wounds, and swellings, and scab, and wind in the womb, and [the leprosy called] سَلَع, that arises from black bile: Ibn-Seenà [Avicenna] also says, that كبريت, untouched by fire, is one of the remedies for the leprosy (بَرَص): that, mixed with the gum of the turpentine-tree, it removes marks on the nails: that, mixed with vinegar, it removes the [leprous-like discolouration of the skin called]

بَهَق, and the ringworm, or tetter, (قُوَبَاء,) especially with the gum of the turpentine-tree: that, with natron and water, it is an embrocation for the بَرَص [or, as in the TA, for the نِقْرِس, or gout): and that fumigation therewith stops a rheum: and others say, that, if yellow كبريت be powdered, and sprinkled upon a place affected with سلعة, it has a good effect: that fumigation therewith whitens the hair: that serpents and fleas flee from the scent of it, especially if [mixed] with an unguent, or with the hoof of an ass; and that the fumigation therewith beneath a citrontree of the kind called أُتْرُجّ causes all the fruits of it to fall. (El-Kazweenee.) Several authors say, that the ت in كبريت is an augmentative letter, and that the proper place of the word is in art. كبر. IDrd thinks it to be not genuine Arabic. (TA.) [Golius thinks it to be from the Persian كُوكُرْدْ (or كُوكُرْدْ): or rather, he adds, from the Hebrew נּפְּרִיח Gen. xix. 24.] b2: أَعَزُّمِنَ الكِبْرِيتِ الأَحْمَرِ [More rare than red brimstone, or sulphur]. A proverb. Some say, that كبريت احمر [meaning as above] is a thing that does not exist: others, that by it is meant gold. (Meyd.) This phrase is similar to أَعَزُّ مِنْ بَيْضِ الأَنُوقِ. (S, art. كبر.) b3: كِبْرِيتٌ also signifies gold: (K:) [see above:] or red gold: or red [as an epithet applied to gold]: (TA:) or pure, as an epithet applied to gold. (S, art. كبر.) Ru-beh says, هَلْ يَنْفَعَنِّى كَذِبٌ سِخْتِيتُ أَوْ فِضَّةٌ أَوْ ذَهَبٌ كِبْرِيتُ [Will vehement lying profit me, or silver, or pure gold?] (S, art. كبر.) IAar says, Ru-beh imagined that كبريت meant gold: upon which MF observes, that the ancient Arabs erred with respect to meanings, though not with respect to words. The latter author, however, supposes كبريت to be fig. used as signifying gold; for they use the expression الكبريت الاحمر [as applied to gold] because gold is [said to be] prepared therefrom, and it is used in alchymical processes. (TA.) b4: كِبْرِيتٌ also signifies The red jacinth, or ruby; syn. يَاقُوتٌ أَحْمَرُ. (K.)