امر

1 أَمَرَهُ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـُ (M, &c.,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمَارٌ, (M, L, K,) which latter, however, is disapproved by MF, (TA,) and إِيمَارٌ is syn. therewith, (K,) but this also is disapproved by MF, and deemed by him strange, [being by rule the inf. n. of ↓ آمَرَهُ, respecting which see what follows,] (TA,) and آمِرَةٌ, (M, K,) which is one of the inf. ns. [or quasiinf. ns.] of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, like عَافِيَةٌ and عَاقِبَةٌ, (M,) He commanded him; ordered him; bade him; enjoined him; the inf. n. signifying the contr. of نَهْىٌ; (T, M, K;) as also ↓ آمرهُ, (Kr, M, K,) mentioned by A'Obeyd also as a dial. var. of أمَرَهُ: (Msb:) but A'Obeyd says that آمَرْتُهُ and أَمرْتُهُ are syn. [in a sense different from that explained above, i. e.] as meaning كَثَّرْتُهُ. (TA.) You say, أَمَرَهُ بِهِ, (S, M, K,) and أَمَرَهُ إِيَّاهُ, suppressing the prep., (M,) He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do it. (M, K.) And أمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ, and لِتَفْعَلَ, and بِأنْ تَفْعَلَ, I commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, thee to do [such a thing]. (M.) [And أَمَرَهُ بِكَذَا as meaning He commanded him, or ordered him, to make use of such a thing; or the like: whence, in a trad.,] أُمِرْتُ بِالسِّوَاكِ [I have been commanded to make use of the tooth-stick]. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer.) [And He enjoined him such a thing; as, for instance, patience.] The imperative of أَمَرَ is مُرْ; originally اؤْمُرْ; which also occurs [with وَ in the place of ؤ when the ا is pronounced with damm]: (M:) but [generally] when it is not preceded by a conjunction, (Msb,) i. e., by وَ or فَ, (T,) you suppress the ء, [i. e. the radical ء, and with it the conjunctive ا preceding it,] contr. to rule, and say, مُرْهُ بِكَذَا [Command, or order, or bid, or enjoin, thou him to do such a thing]; like as you say, كُلْ and خُذْ: when, however, it is preceded by a conjunction, the practice commonly obtaining is, to restore the وَأْمُرْ بِكَذَا, agreeably with analogy, and thus to say, أَمُرْ بِكَذَا. (Msb.) b2: [You say also, أَمَرَ بِهِ فَقُتِلَ He gave an order respecting him, and accordingly he was slain. And أَمَرَ لَهُ بِكَذَا He ordered that such a thing should be done, or given, to him.] b3: In the Kur [xvii. 17], أَمَرْنَا مُتْرَفِيهَا فَفَسَقُوا فِيهَا, so accord. to most of the readers, (T, &c.,) means We commanded [its luxurious inhabitants] to obey, but they transgressed therein, or departed from the right way, or disobeyed: (Fr, T, S, &c.:) so says Aboo-Is-hák; adding that, although one says, أَمَرتُ زَيْدًا فَضَرَبَ عَمْرًا, meaning I commanded Zeyd to beat 'Amr, and he beat him, yet one also says, أَمَرْتُكَ فَعَصَيْتَنِى [I commanded thee, but thou disobeyedst me]: or, accord. to some, the meaning is, We multiplied its luxurious inhabitants; (T;) and this is agreeable with another reading, namely, ↓ آمَرْنَا; (TA;) and a reading of El-Hasan, namely, أَمِرْنَا, like عَلِمْنَا, may be a dial. var., of the same signification: (M:) see 4, in two places: or it may be from الإِمَارَةُ; (S, TA;) [in which case it seems that we should read ↓ أَمَّرْنَا; or, perhaps, أَمَرْنَا: see 2:] Abu-l-'Áliyeh reads ↓ أَمَّرْنَا, and this is agreeable with the explanation of I'Ab, who says that the meaning is, We made its chiefs to have authority, power, or dominion. (TA.) b4: أَمَرَهُ, aor. ـُ also signifies He commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, him to do that which it behooved him to do. (A.) [He counselled, or advised, him.] One says, مُرْنِى, meaning Counsel thou me; advise thou me. (A.) b5: أَمَرَ بِاقْتِنَاصٍ, said of a wild animal, means He rendered the beholder desirous of capturing him. (M.) A2: أَمَرَ, (As, Fr, Th, T, S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (Msb, TA;) and أَمُرَ, aor. ـُ (S, M, IKtt, K;) and أَمِرَ, aor. ـَ (M, K, and several other authorities; but by some this is disallowed; TA;) inf. n. أَمْرٌ (K) and إِمْرَةٌ (S) and إِمَارَةٌ; (As, T, S;) or the second is a simple subst.; (K;) or perhaps it is meant in the S that this and the third are quasi-inf. ns.; (MF;) He had, or held, command; he presided as a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, Msb, K;) he became an أَمِير; (As, T, S;) عَلَى

القَوْمِ over the people. (M, * Msb, K.) [See also 5.]

أَمَرَ فُلَانٌ وَأُمِرَ عَلَيْهِ, or عليه ↓ وأُمِّرَ, (as in different copies of the S,) [Such a one has held command and been commanded,] is said of one who has been a commander, or governor, after having been a subject of a commander, or governor; meaning such a one is a person of experience; or one who has been tried, or proved and strengthened, by experience. (S.) A3: أَمَرَهُ as syn. with آمَرَهُ: see 4.

A4: أَمِرَ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمَرٌ and أَمْرَة; (M, K, TA; the latter written in the CK اَمْرَة;) and أمُرَ, aor. ـَ (IKtt;) (assumed tropical:) It (a thing, M, Msb, or a man's property, or camels or the like, Abu-l-Hasan and S, and a people, T, S) multiplied; or became many, or much, or abundant; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) and became complete. (M, K.) b2: And the former, (assumed tropical:) His beasts multiplied; or became many; (M, K;) [ as also ↓ آمر; for you say,] بَنُو فُلَانٍ ↓ آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ, (assumed tropical:) The property, or camels or the like, of the sons of such a one multiplied; or became many, or abundant. (M.) A5: أَمِرَ الأَمْرُ, (Akh, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. أَمَرٌ, (Akh, S,) (assumed tropical:) The affair, or case, (i. e., a man's affair, or case, Akh, S,) became severe, distressful, grievous, or afflictive. (Akh, S, K.) 2 أمّرهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِيرٌ, He made him, or appointed him, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king. (S, * Mgh, Msb.) [And it seems to be indicated in the S that ↓ أَمَرَهُ, without teshdeed, signifies the same.] See 1, in three places. Yousay also, أُمِّرَعَلَيْنَا (A, TA) He was made, or appointed, commander, &c., over us. (TA.) b2: Also He appointed him judge, or umpire. (Mgh.) b3: أمّر القَنَاةَ (assumed tropical:) He affixed a spear-head to the cane or spear. (T, M.) [See also the pass. part. n., below.] b4: أمّرأَمَارَةٍ He made [a thing] a sign, or mark, to show the way. (T.) 3 آمرهُ فِي أَمْرِهِ, (T, * S, M, Msb,) inf. n. مُؤَامَرَةٌ, (S, K,) He consulted him respecting his affair, or case; (T, * S, M, Msb, K, * TA;) as also وَامَرَهُ; (TA;) or this is not a chaste form; (IAth, TA;) or it is vulgar; (S, TA;) and ↓ استأمرهُ, (M,) inf. n. اسْتِئْمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ ائتمرهُ, (T,) inf. n. ائتِمَارٌ. (S, K.) It is said in a trad., آمِرُوا النِّسَآءَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِنَّ Consult ye women respecting themselves, as to marrying them. (TA.) And in another trad., آمَرَتْ نَفْسَهَا, meaning She consulted herself, or her mind; as also ↓ استأمرت نفسها. (TA.) [See another ex. voce نَفْسٌ. and see also 8.]4 آمر, inf. n. إِيمَارٌ: see 1, last sentence but one, in two places.

A2: آمْرٌ; (S, M, Msb, K;) and ↓ أَمَرَهُ, (S, M, Msb, K,) accord. to some, (M,) aor. ـُ (Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْرٌ; (Msb;) both signifying the same accord. to AO, (S,) or A 'Obeyd, (TA,) but the latter is of weak authority, (K,) or is not allowable; (M;) and, accord. to El-Hasan's reading of xvii. 17 of the Kur, (see 1,) ↓ أَمِرَهُ also; (M;) (assumed tropical:) He (a man) multiplied it; or made it many, or much, or abundant: (S, Msb:) He (God) multiplied, or made many or much or abundant, his progeny, and his beasts: (M, K:) and آمر مَالَهُ (assumed tropical:) He (God) multiplied, &c., his property, or camels or the like. (S.) A3: See also 1, first sentence, in two places.5 تأمّر He became made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (Msb;) he received authority, power, or dominion; عَلَيْهِمْ over them. (S, K.) [See also أَمَرَ.] b2: See also 8.6 تَاَاْمَرَ see 8, in three places.8 ائتمر [written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَرَ] He obeyed, or conformed to, a command; (S, * M, Mgh, K; *) he heard and obeyed. (Msb.) You say, ائتمر بِخَيْرٍ, meaning He was as though his mind commanded him to do good and he obeyed the command. (M.) And [you use it transitively, saying,] ائتمر الأَمْرَ He obeyed, or conformed to, the command. (S.) And لَا يَأْتَمِرُ رُشْدًا He will not do right of his own accord. (A.) Imra el-Keys says, (S,) or En-Nemir Ibn-Towlab, (T,) وَيَعْدُو عَلَى المَرْءِ مَا يَأْتَمِرْ [And that which man obeys wrongs him, or injures him]; meaning, that which his own soul commands him to do, and which he judges to be right, but in which often is found his destruction: (S:) or, accord. to KT, that evil which man purposes to do: (T:) or that which man does without consideration, and without looking to its result. (A 'Obeyd, T.) [See what follows.] b2: He undertook a thing without consulting; (KT, T;) as though his soul, or mind, ordered him to do it and he obeyed it: (TA:) he followed his own opinion only. (Mgh.) One says, أَمَرْتُهُ فأْتَمَرَ وَأَبَى

أَنْ يَأْتَمِرَ, (A, Mgh,) meaning I commanded him, but he followed his own opinion only, and refused to obey. (Mgh.) b3: He formed an opinion, and consulted his own mind, and determined upon it. (Sh, T.) And ائتمر رَأْيَهُ He consulted his own mind, or judgment, respecting what was right for him to do. (Sh, T.) b4: ائتمروا, (A, Msb,) inf. n. ائْتِمَارٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ تآمروا, (A,) inf. n. تَآمُرٌ, of the measure تَفَاعُلٌ; (S;) and ↓ تأمّروا, (TA,) inf. n. تَأَمُّرٌ; (K;) They consulted together: (S, * A, Msb, K: *) or ائتمروا and ↓ تآمروا signify they commanded, ordered, bade, or enjoined, one another; like as one says, اقتتلوا and تقاتلوا, and اختصموا and تخاصموا: (T:) or ائتمروا عَلَى الأَمْرِ and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تآمروا, they determined, or settled, their opinions respecting the affair, or case: (M:) and ائتمروا بِهِ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (K,) signifies they purposed it, (S, Msb, K, *) namely, a thing, (Msb, K,) and consulted one another respecting it. (S.) It is said in the Kur [lxv. 6], وَأْتَمِرُوا بَيْنَكُمْ بِمَعْرُوفٍ And command ye, or enjoin ye, one another to do good: [such is app. the meaning,] but God best knoweth: (T:) or, accord. to KT, purpose ye among yourselves to do good. (TA.) And in the same [xxviii. 19], إِنَّ الْمَلَأَ يَأْتَمِرُونَ بِكَ لِيَقْتُلوُكَ, meaning Verily the chiefs command one another respecting thee, to slay thee: (Zj, T:) or consult together against thee, to slay thee: (AO, T:) or purpose against thee, to slay thee: (KT, T:) but the last but one of these explanations is better than the last. (T.) b5: See also 3. b6: Accord. to El-Bushtee, ائتمرهُ also signifies He gave him permission: but this has not been heard from an Arab. (Az, TA.) 10 إِسْتَاْمَرَ see 3, in two places.

أَمْرٌ A command; an order; a bidding; an injunction; a decree; an ordinance; a prescript: (S, * Msb, * TA, &c.:) pl. أَوَامِرُ: (S, Msb, &c.:) so accord. to common usage; and some writers of authority justify and explain it by saying that أَمْرٌ is [originally] مَأْمُوُرٌ بِهِ; that it is then changed to the measure فَاعِلٌ; [i. e., to آمِرٌ;] like أَمْرٌ عَارِفٌ, which is originally مَعْرُوفٌ; and عِيشَةٌ راضِيَةٌ, originally مَرْضِيَّةٌ; &c.; [and then, to أَمْرٌ;] and that فَاعِلٌ becomes in the pl. فَوَاعِلُ; so that أَوَامَرُ is the pl. of مَإْمُورٌ: others say that it has this form of pl. to distinguish it from أَمْرٌ in the sense of حَالٌ [&c.], in which sense it has for its pl. أُمُورٌ. (Msb, TA.) [But I think that أَوَامِرُ may be properly and originally pl. of آمِرَةٌ, for آيَةٌ آمِرَةٌ, or the like. MF says that, accord. to the T and M, the pl. of أَمْرٌ in the sense explained in the beginning of this paragraph is أُمُورٌ: but he seems to have founded his assertion upon corrupted copies of those works; for in the M, I find nothing on this point; and in the T, not, as he says, الأَمْرُضِدُّ النَّهْىَ وَاحِدُ الأُمُور, but قَالَ اللَّيْثُ الأَمْرُ مَعْرُوفٌ نَقِيضُ النَّهْىِ وَاحِدُ الأُمُورِ, evidently meaning that أَمْرٌ signifies the contr. of نَهْىٌ, and is also, in another sense, the sing. of أُمُورٌ.] [Hence,] أُولُو الأَمْرِ Those who hold command or rule, and the learned men. (M, K. [See Kur iv. 62.]) and أَمْرُاللّٰهِ The threatened punishment of God: so in the Kur x. 25, and xi. 42, and xvi.1; in which last place occur the words, أَتَي أَمْرُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ, meaning The threatened punishment ordained of God hath, as it were, come: so near is it, that it is as though it had already come: therefore desire not ye to hasten it. (Zj, M, TA.) And The purpose of God. (Bd and Jel in lxv. 3; &c.) and الأَمْرُ قَرِيبٌ The resurrection, or the time thereof, is near. (Mgh, from a trad.) And مَا فَعَلْتُهُ عَنْ

أَمْرِى, in the Kur xviii. 81, I did it not of my own judgment: (Bd:) or, of my own choice. (Jel.) [Hence also الأَمْرُ, in grammar, signifies The imperative form of a verb.] b2: Also A thing; an affair; a business; a matter; a concern: a state, of a person or thing, or of persons or things or affairs or circumstances; a condition; a case: an accident; an event: an action: syn. شَأْنٌ: (M, F, TA:) and حَالٌ, (Msb, TA,) and حَالَةٌ: (Msb:) and حَادِثَةٌ: (K:) and فِعْلٌ: (MF, TA:) and a thing that is said; a saying: ( TA voce أُولُو, at the end of art. ال:) pl. أُمُورٌ; (S, M, K, &c.;) its only pl. in the senses here explained. (TA.) You say, أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ مُسْتَقِيمٌ [The affair, or the like, of such a one is in a right state]: and امُورُهُ مُسْتَقِيمَةٌ [His affairs are in a right state]. (S, A.) And شَتَّتَ أَمْرَهُ He dissipated, disorganized, disordered, unsettled, or broke up, his state of things, or affairs. (As, TA in art. شعب.) [امر seems to be here used, as in many other instances, rather in the sense of the pl. than in that of the sing.] b3: أَمْرٌ كُلِّىٌّ [A universal, or general, prescript, rule, or canon]. (Msb voce قَاعِدَةٌ, KT voce قَانُونٌ, &c.) إِمْرٌ a subst. from أَمِرَالِأَمْرُ in the sense of اِشْتَدَّ; (S;) or a subst. from أَمِرَ as signifying كَثُرَ and تَمَّ; (M;) (assumed tropical:) [A severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: or] a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: or a wonderful thing. (TA,) Hence, [used as an epithet, like أَمِرٌ, q. v.,] in the Kur [xviii. 70], لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا (assumed tropical:) Verily thou hast done a severe, a distressful, a grievous, or an afflictive, thing: (S:) or a terrible, and foul, or very foul, thing: (TA:) or a wonderful thing: (S:) or an abominable, a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing: (Ks, M, K: *) or a terrible and an abominable thing; signifying more than نَكْرًا, [which occurs after, in verse 73,] inasmuch as the [presumed] drowning of the persons in the ship was more abominable than the slaying of one person: (Zj, T:) or a crafty, and an abominable, or a foul, or an evil, and a wonderful, thing; and derived from أَمِرَ القَوْمُ as meaning كَثُرُوا. (Ks.) أَمَرٌ a coll. gen. n. of which أَمَرَةٌ (q. v.) is the n. un.

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

أَمِرٌ: see إِمَّرٌ.

A2: (assumed tropical:) Multiplied; or become many, or much, or abundant. (M, K.) [See أَمِرَ.] Yousay زَرْعٌ أَمِرٌ (assumed tropical:) Abundant seed-produce. (Lh, M.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A man whose beasts have multiplied, or become many or abundant. (M.) (assumed tropical:) A man blessed, or prospered, (Ibn-Buzurj, M, K, *) in his property: (M:) fem. with ة. (Ibn-Buzurj.) and with ة, (assumed tropical:) A woman blessed to her husband [ by her being prolific]: from the signification of كَثْرَةٌ. (M.) A3: (assumed tropical:) Severe; distressful; afflictive. (TA.) [See also إِمْرٌ.]

أَمْرَةٌ A single command, order, bidding, or injunction: as in the saying, لَكَ عَلَىَّ أَمْرَةٌ مُطَاعَةٌ Thou hast authority to give me one command, order, bidding, or injunction, which shall be obeyed by me. (S, M, * A, Msb, K.) You should not say, [in this sense,] إِمْرَةٌ, with kesr. (T, S.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

إِمْرَةٌ a subst. from أَمَرَ [q. v.]; Possession of command; the office, and authority, of a commander, governor, lord, prince, or king; (M, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ إِمَارَةٌ (Mgh, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (L, K;) but this last is by some disallowed, and is said in the Fs and its Expositions to be unknown. (MF.) It is said in a trad., لَعَلَّكَ سآءَ تْكَ إِمْرَةُ ابْنِ عَمِّكَ Perhaps thy paternal uncle's son's possession of command hath displeased thee. (TA.) b2: [And hence, (assumed tropical:) Increase, or abundance, or the like; as also other forms mentioned in what follows.] You say, فِى وَجْهِ مَالِكَ تَعْرِفُ إِمْرَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) In the face of thy property, [meaning such as consists in camels or the like, and also money,] thou knowest its increase and abundance, and its expense: (S:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ, and ↓ إِمّرَتَهُ, which latter is a dial. var. of weak authority, and ↓ أَمَّرَتَهُ, i. e., its increase and abundance: (M:) or ↓ إِمَّرَتَهُ as meaning its prosperous state; as also ↓ أَمَارَتَهُ, and ↓ أَمْرَتَهُ: (Ibn-Buzurj:) accord. to AHeyth, who reads ↓ تُعْرَفُ إِمَّرَتُهُ, the meaning is, its decrease; but the correct meaning is, its increase, as Fr explains it. (T, TA.) It is said respecting anything of which one knows what is good in it at first sight: (Lh, M:) and means, on a thing's presenting itself, thou knowest its goodness. (T.) One says also, ↓ مأَحْسَنَ أَمَارَتَهُمْ (assumed tropical:) How good is their multiplying, and the multiplying of their offspring and of their number! (M.) And ↓ لَا جَعَلَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِ إِمَّرَةً (assumed tropical:) May God not make an increase to be therein. (T.) أَمَرَةٌ Stones: (K:) [or a heap of stones:] or it is the n. un. of أَمَرٌ, which signifies stones: (M:) or the latter signifies stones set up in order that one may be directed thereby to the right way: (Ham p. 409:) and the former also signifies a hill; (M, K;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl.: (M:) and a sign, or mark, by which anything is known; (M, K;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ; (As, S;) and أَمَرٌ is [used as] its pl. in this sense also: (M:) or a sign, or mark, set up to show the way; (AA, Fr;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَهٌ: (K:) or a small sign, or mark, of stones, to show the way, in a waterless desert; (S;) as also ↓ أَمَارٌ [and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ]; and any sign, or mark, that is prepared: (TA:) or a structure like a مَنَارَة [here app. meaning a tower of a mosque], upon a mountain, wide like a house or tent, and larger, of the height of forty times the stature of a man, made in the time of 'Ád and Irem; in some instances its foundation being like a house, though it consists only of stones piled up, one upon another, cemented together with mud, appearing as though it were of natural formation: (ISh, T:) the pl. (in all the senses above, K) [or rather the coll. gen. n.,] is أَمَرٌ. (S, K.) A2: See also إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَارٌ and ↓ أَمَارَةٌ A sign, mark, or token. (As, S Mgh.) See also each voce أَمَرَةٌ, in three places. You say, هِى أَمَارَةُ مَا بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَكَ It is a sign, or token, of what is between me and thee. (T, * TA.) And a poet says, إِذَا طَلَعَتْ شَمْسُ النَّهَارِ فَإِنَّهَا

أَمَارَةُ تَسْلِيمِى عَلَيْكِ فَسَلِّمِى

[When the sun of day rises, it is a sign of my saluting thee, therefore do thou salute]. (TA.) b2: Also A time: (As, S, K:) so IAar explains the latter word, not particularizing the time as definite or otherwise: (M:) or a definite time: (TA:) or a time, or place, of promise or appointment; an appointed time or place; syn. مَوْعِدٌ: (M, Mgh, K:) or, accord. to some, the former word is pl. [or rather col. gen. n.] of the latter. (TA.) El-'Ajjáj says, إِذْ رَدَّهَا بِكَيْدِهِ فَارْتَدَّتِ

إِلَي أَمَارٍ وَأَمَارِ مُدَّتِى

When He (meaning God) brings it, ( namely my soul,) by his skilful ordering, and his power, [and it is thus brought, or it thus comes, to a set time, and] to the time of the end of my appointed period: امارمدّتى being as above; the former word being prefixed to the latter, governing it in the gen. case. (IB. [In the S we find وَأَمَارٌ مُدَّتِى.]) أَمُورٌ [an intensive epithet from أَمَرَهُ]. You say, إِنَّهُ لَأَمُورٌ بِالْمَعْروفِ وَنَهُوٌّ عَنِ الْمُنْكَرِ Verily he is one who strongly commands, or enjoins, good conduct, and who strongly forbids evil conduct. (S in art. نهى, and A. *) أَمِيرٌ One having, holding, or possessing, command; (S;) a commander; a governor; a lord; (M, * Msb;) a prince, or king: (M, K:) fem. with ة: (S, K:) pl. إُمَرَآءُ. (M, Msb, K.) b2: A leader of the blind. (M, K.) So in the saying of El-Aashà: إِذَاكَانَ هَادِى الفَتَى فِى البِلَا دِصَدْرَ القَنَاةِ أَطَاعَ الأَمِيرَا [When the young man's guide in the countries, or lands, or the like, is the top of the cane, he obeys the leader of the blind]. (M.) b3: A woman's husband. (A.) b4: A neighbour. (K.) b5: A person with whom one consults: (A, K:) any one of whom one begs counsel, or advice, in a case of fear. (TA.) You say, هُوَ أَمِيرِى He is the person with whom I consult. (A.) أَمَارَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ, in three places: b2: and see also أَمَرَةٌ, in three places; and أَمَارٌ.

إِمَارَةِ: see إِمْرَةٌ. b2: الإِمَارَةُ is also used for صَاحِبُ الإمَارَةِ, i. e. الأَمِيرُ. (Mgh.) أَمَّرٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places.

إِمَّرٌ A man who consults every one respecting his case; as also ↓ أَمِرٌ and ↓ أَمَّارَةٌ: (M:) or a man resembling [in stupidity] a kid: [see the latter part of this paragraph:] (Th, M:) or, as also ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ (S, M, K, &c.) and ↓ أَمَّرٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَةٌ, (K,) a man having weak judgment, (S, K,) stupid, (T, M,) or weak, without judgment, (M, L,) or without intellect, or intelligence, (T,) who obeys the command of every one, (T, S,) who complies with what every one desires to do in all his affairs; (K;) a stupid man, of weak judgment, who says to another, Command me to execute thine affair. (IAth.) It is said in a trad., مَنْ يُطِعْ إِمَّرَةً لَا يَأْكُلْ ثَمَرَةً [He who obeys a stupid man, &c., shall not eat fruit: or the meaning is] he who obeys a stupid woman shall be debarred from good. (IAth.) ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ is applied to a woman and to a man: when it is applied to a man, the ة is added to give intensiveness to the signification. (ISh.) The following saying, إِذَا طَلَعَتِ الشِّعْرَى

وَلَا إِمَّرًا, ↓ سَفَرًا فَلَا تُرْسِلْ فِيهَا إِمَّرَةً, in rhyming prose, means [When Sirius rises in the clear twilight,] send not thou among them (meaning the camels) a man without intelligence [in a great degree, nor one who is so in a less degree; or a woman without intelligence, nor a man without intelligence;] to manage them. (Sh.) b2: Also, (M, K,) and ↓ إِمَّرَةٌ and ↓ أَمَّرَ and ↓ أُمَّرٌ, (K,) A young lamb: (M, K:) or the first (إِمَرٌ) and the second, a young kid: (M, TA:) or the former of these two, a male lamb: (M, TA:) or a young male lamb: (S:) and the latter of them, a female lamb: (M, TA:) or a young female lamb. (S, M.) One says, ↓ مَا لَهُ إِمَّرٌ وَلَا إِمَّرَةٌ, meaning He has not a male lamb nor a female lamb: (M, TA:) or he has not anything. (T, S, M.) أَمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in two places.

إِمَّرَةٌ: see إِمَّرٌ, in six places: A2: and see إِمْرَةٌ, in four places.

إِمّرَةٌ: see إِمْرَةٌ.

أَمَّارٌ [Wont to command]. [Hence,] النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ [The soul that is wont to command]; (A;) the soul that inclines to the nature of the body, that commands to the indulgence of pleasures and sensual appetites, drawing the heart downwards, so that it is the abode of evils, and the source of culpable dispositions. (KT.) [See نَفْسٌ.]

أَمَّارَةٌ fem. of أَمَّارٌ [q. v.]. b2: See also إِمَّرٌ.

آمِرٌ [act. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ.] b2: آمِرٌ and ↓ مُؤْتَمِرٌ Two days, (S,) the last, (K,) the former being the sixth, and the latter the seventh, (M,) of the days called أَيَّامُ الَجُوزِ: (S, M, K: [but see عَجُوزٌ:]) as though the former commanded men to be cautious, and the latter consulted them as to whether they should set forth on a journey or stay at home: (S:) accord. to Az, the latter is applied as an epithet to the day as meaning يُؤْتَمَرُفِيهِ. (TA.) تَأْمُرِىُّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

تُؤْمُرِىٌّ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in six places.

تَأْمُورٌ and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ are properly mentioned in this art.; the measure of the former being تَفْعُولٌ; (K;) and that of the latter, تَفْعْلولَةٌ: (TA:) not as J has imagined; [who writes them without ء, and mentions them in art. تمر;] (K;) their measures accord. to him being فَاعُولٌ and فَاعُولَةٌ. (TA.) [But in all the senses here explained, they appear to be with and without ء.] b2: The former signifies The soul: (S in art. تمر, where it is written without ء; and M, A, K:) because it is that which is wont to command. (A.) One says, قَدْ عَلِمَ تَأْمُورُكَ ذلِكَ Thy soul, or self, hath known that. (Az, and T in art. تمر.) b3: The intellect: (M:) as in the saying, عَرَفْتُهُ بِتَأْمُورِي I knew it by my intellect. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and TA.) You say also, هُوَ ابْنُ تَأْمُورِهَا, meaning He is the knowing with respect to it. (TA in art. بني.) b4: The heart, (T in art. تمر without ء, and M, A, K,) itself. (M, TA.) Hence the saying, حَرْفٌ فِى تَأْمُورِى خَيْرٌ مِنْ عَشَرَةٍ فى وِ عَائِكَ [One word in my heart is better than ten in thy receptacle]. (T in art. تمر, and TA.) b5: The pericardium. (M in art. تمر, without ء.) b6: The core, or black or inner part, or clot of blood, (حَبَّة, M, K, or عَلَقَة, TA,) and life, and blood, of the heart: (M, K:) or blood, (As, S, M, in art. تمر, and K,) absolutely: (TA:) and تَأْمُورُ النَّفْسِ signifies the life-blood: (As, S:) or the blood of the body: (S in art. نفس:) and the life of the soul. (M, K.) b7: Also, as being likened to blood, (TA,) (tropical:) Wine; and so ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ: (M, K:) and b8: (tropical:) A dye: (M, TA:) and b9: (tropical:) Saffron. (As, K.) b10: [Hence also,] (tropical:) Water. (M, K.) You say, مَا فىِ الرَّكِيَّةِ تَامُورٌ, (T, S in art. تمر, and M,) or تَأْمُورٌ, (A,) (tropical:) There is not in the well any water. (T, S, M, A.) A2: The wezeer (وَزِير) of a king: (M, K:) because his command is effectual. (TA.) A3: Any one: as in the saying, مَابِهَا تَأْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, A, K,) as also ↓ تُؤْمُورٌ, (T in art. تمر, and K,) each with an augmentative ت, and without ء as well as with it, accord. to Er-Radee and others, (TA,) and ↓ تَأْمُرِىُّ, and ↓ تَأْمُورِىُّ, (M,) and ↓ تُؤْمُرِىُّ, (T in art. تمر, M, TA,) or without ء, (S, M, K, in art. تمر,) and ↓ أَمَرٌ, (M, K,) There is not in it (i. e. in the house, الدار, M, A, TA) any one. (M, A, K, and T and S in art. تمر.) You say also, خَلَآءٌ بِلَادٌ

↓ لَيْسَ فِيهَاتُومُرِىٌّ Vacant regions wherein is not any one. (S in art. تمر.) ↓ تُؤْمُرِىٌّ (M, K) and ↓ تُومُرِىٌّ (S in art. تمر) and ↓ تَأْمُورِىٌّ and ↓ تَأْمُرِيٌّ (M, K) also signify A man, or human being. (S, * M, K.) You say, speaking of a beautiful woman, أَحْسَنَ مِنْهَا ↓ مَا رَأَيْتُ تُومُرِيَّا I have not seen a human being, or creature, more beautiful than she: (S and M in art. تمر:) and مَا رَأَيْتُ

أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ ↓ تُومُرِيَّا [I have not seen a man more beautiful than he]. (T and S in art. تمر.) Accord. to some, they are used only in negative phrases; but accord. to others, they are also used in such as are affirmative. (MF.) b2: Also Anything: as in the saying أَكَلَ الذِّئْبُ الشَّاةَ فَمَا تَرَكَ مِنْهَا تَامُورًا [The wolf ate the sheep, or goat, and left not of it anything]. (T and S in art. تمر.) A4: A child, young one, or fœtus syn. وَلَدٌ. (M, K.) A5: The receptacle (وِعَآء) of the child, young one, or fœtus. (M in art. تمر, without ء; and K.) b2: A وِعَآء [in the ordinary sense; i. e. a bag, or receptacle, for travelling-provisions and for goods or utensils &c.]. (M, K.) Hence the saying, أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِتَأْمُورِكَ Thou art best acquainted with what thou hast with thee; and with thine own mind. (M.) b3: Also, (K,) and ↓ تَأْمُورَةٌ, (M, [in which the former is not given in the following senses,] and K,) or ↓ تَامُورَةٌ, (S in art. تمر,) A ewer, syn. إِبْرِيقٌ, (S, M, K,) for wine: (S:) and, (M, K,) or, as some say, (TA,) a حُقَّة (M, K, TA) in which wine is put. (TA.) b4: Also the first, (M, K,) or ↓ third, (T and S in art. تمر,) The chamber, or cell, (صَوْمَعَة, T and M in art. تمر, without ء, and S and K, and نامُوى, M, K,) of a monk. (M, K.) b5: And hence, (TA,) the first, (K,) and ↓ second, (M, K,) or ↓ third, of these three words, (T and S, in art. تمر,) (tropical:) The covert, or retreat, of a lion. (T, S, M, K.) Whence, ↓ فُلَانٌ أَسَدٌ فِى تَامُورَتِهِ (tropical:) Such a one is a lion in his covert: (T and S in art. تمر:) a saying borrowed from 'Amr Ibn-Maadee-Kerib: (T and S ibid:) or, accord. to some, it means, a lion in the greatness of his courage, and in his heart. (TA.) A6: Also (i. e. the first only) Play, or sport, of girls or of boys. (Th, M in art. تمر without ء, and K.) A7: See also يَأْمُورٌ.

تُؤْمُورٌ A sign, or mark, set up to show the way in a waterless desert; (K, TA;) consisting of stones piled up, one upon another: (TA:) pl. تَآمِيرُ. (K.) [See أَمَرَةٌ.]

A2: See also تَأْمُورٌ.

تَأْمُورَةٌ, and without ء: see تَأْمُورٌ, in eight places. b2: Also The pericardium; the integument (غِلَاف) of the heart. (S in art. تمر: there written without ء.) تَأْمُورِىٌّ: see تَأْمُورٌ, in two places.

مِئْمَرٌ Counsel; advice: as in the saying, فُلَانٌ بَعِيدٌ مِنَ المِئْمَرِ قَرِيبٌ مِنَ المِئْبَرِ Such a one is far from counsel, or advice: near to calumny, or slander. (A.) مُؤَمَّرٌ Made, or appointed, commander, governor, lord, prince, or king: (S, M, K: *) made to have authority, power, or dominion: (T, M, K:) in which latter sense it is explained by Khálid, as applied by Ibn-Mukbil to a spear. (T.) b2: (assumed tropical:) A cane, or spear-shaft, having a spearhead affixed to it. (K.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A spear-head (T, TA) sharpened; syn. مُحَدَّدٌ. (T, M, K, TA.) b4: Distinguished, or defined, (مُحَدَّدٌ,) by signs, or marks: (TA:) or, as some say, (TA,) marked with a hot iron; syn. مُوْسُومٌ. (K, TA.) مَأْمُورٌ [pass. part. n. of أَمَرَهُ, q. v.]. b2: It is said in a trad., (S, &c.,) خَيْرُ المَالِ مُهْرَةٌ مَأْمُورَةٌ وَسِكَّةٌ مَأْبُورَةٌ (tropical:) The best of property are a prolific filly [and a row of palm-trees, or perhaps a tall palmtree, fecundated]; (Az, A 'Obeyd, T, S, A, K;) as though the filly were commanded [by God] to be so: (A, in which the epithet مأمورة thus used is said to be tropical:) [or] مأمورة is thus for the sake of conformity to مأبورة, and is originally مُؤْمَرَةٌ, (S, M, * K,) from آمَرَهَا اللّٰهُ: (TA:) or it is a dial. var. of weak authority; (K;) though, accord. to Az, it signifies made to have abundant offspring, from أَمَرَ اللّٰهُ المُهْرَةَ, meaning “God made the filly to have abundant offspring,” a dial. var. of آمَرَهَا, as A 'Obeyd also asserts it to be. (TA.) مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ: see what next follows.

مُؤْتَمِرٌ [Obeying, or conforming to, a command; &c.: see 8. b2: ] One who acts according to his own opinion; (T;) who follows his own opinion only: or who hastes to speak. (M.) A2: See also آمِرٌ. b2: Also, and المُؤْتَمِرُ, [The month which is now commonly called] المُحَرَّمُ: (M, K:) the former appellation (مؤتمر) is that by which the tribe of 'Ád called it: (Ibn-El-Kelbee:) pl. ↓ مَآمِرُ and مَآمِيرُ [both anomalous]. (M, K.) [See شَهْرٌ.]

يَأْمُورٌ; (M, K;) so in all the copies of the K but in the L and other lexicons, ↓ تَأْمُورٌ; (TA;) A certain beast of the sea: or, as some say, a small beast: (M:) and a kind of mountain-goat: (M, K:) or a certain wild beast, (K, TA,) or a beast resembling the mountain-goat, (M,) having a single branching horn in the middle of his head. (M, TA.) [See يَحْمُورٌ, the oryx.]

امن

1 أَمِنَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـَ (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. أَمْنٌ (T, S, M, Msb, K) and إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and أَمَنٌ (M, K) and أَمَنَةٌ (T, S, M, K) and إِمْنَةٌ (T) and أَمَانٌ (M, K) [and app. أَمَانَةٌ, for it is said in the S that this is syn. with أَمَانٌ,] and آمنٌ, an instance of an inf. n. of the measure فَاعِلٌ, which is strange, (MF,) or this is a subst. like فَالِجٌ, (M,) He was, or became, or felt, secure, safe, or in a state of security or safety; originally, he was, or became, quiet, or tranquil, in heart, or mind; (Msb;) he was, or became, secure, or free from fear; أَمْنٌ signifying the contr. of خَوْفٌ, (S, M, K,) and so أَمَنَةٌ (S) and آمِنٌ [&c.]: (M, K:) he was, or became, or felt, free from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, he was, or became, easy in mind, and free from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) [See أَمْنٌ, below.] You say also, يَإْمَنُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ [He is secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself]. (M.) And أَمِنَ البَلَدُ, meaning The inhabitants of the country or district, or town, were in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) The verb is trans. by itself, and by means of the particle مِنْ; as in أَمَنَ زَيْدٌ الأَسَدَ and أَمِنَ مِنَ الأَسَدِ, meaning Zeyd was, or became, or felt, secure from, safe from, [or free from fear of,] the lion. (Msb.) You say also, أَمِنَ كَذِبَ مَنْ

أَخْبَرَهُ [He was secure from, or free from fear of, the lying of him who informed him]. (M.) And لَا آنَنُ أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذلِكَ [I am not free from fear of its being so; I am not sure but that it may be so]. (Mgh in art. نبذ; and other lexicons passim.) And, of a strong-made she camel, أَمِنَتْ

أَنْ تَكُونَ ضَعَيفَةً [She was secure from, or free from fear of, being weak]: (M: [in a copy of the S أُمِنَتْ:]) and أَمِنَتِ العِثَارَ وَالإَعْيَآءٍ [ She was secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded]: (M:) and أُمِنَ عِثَارُهَا [Her stumbling was not feared]. (So in a copy of the S.) And, of a highly-prized camel, أُمِنَ أَنْ يُنْحَرَ [It was not feared that he would be slaughtered; or his being slaughtered was not feared]. (M.) [أَمنَهُ sometimes means He was, or became, free from fear, though having cause for fear, of him, or it. i. e. he thought himself secure, or safe, from him or it. (See Kur vii. 97.)] b2: أمِنَهُ (inf. n. أَمْنٌ TK) [and accord. to some copies of the K ↓ آمَنَهُ] and ↓ أمّنهُ (inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ K) and ↓ ائتمنهُ ([written with the disjunctive alif اِيتَمَنَهُ, and] also written اِتَّمَنَهُ, on the authority of Th, which is extr., like اِتَّهَلَ [&c.], M) and ↓ استأمنهُ all signify the same (M, K, TA) [He trusted, or confided, in him; (as also آمن بِهِ, q. v.;) he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge; he gave him charge over a thing or person: these meanings are vaguely indicated in the M and K and TA.]. You say, يَأْمَنُهُ النَّاسُ وَلَا يَخَافُونَ غَائِلَتَهُ [Men, or people, trust, or confide, in him, and do not fear his malevolence, or mischievousness]. (T, M.) and أَمِنَهُ عَلَى كَذَا (S, Mgh, * Msb *) and ↓ ائتمنهُ عَلَيْهِ, (S, Msb, K,) [He trusted, or confided, in him with respect to such a thing; he intrusted him with, or confided to him, power, authority, control, or a charge, over it; he gave him charge over it;] he made him, or took him as, أَمِين over such a thing. (Mgh.) Hence, in a trad., the مُؤَذِّن is said to be مُؤْتَمَنٌ; i. e. النَّاسُ عَلَ الأَوْقَاتِ الَّتِى يُؤَذَّنُ فِيهَا ↓ يَأْتَمِنُهُ [Men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer], and know, by his calling to prayer, what they are commanded to do, as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) It is said in the Kur [xii. 11], مَا لَكَ لَا تَأْمَنُنَا عَلَى يُوسُفَ and [تَأْمَنَّا] with idghám [i. e. What aileth thee that thou dost not trust, or confide, in us with respect to Joseph? or, that thou dost not give us charge over Joseph?]; (S;) meaning, why dost thou fear us for him? (Bd;) some pronouncing the verb in a manner between those of the former and the latter modes of writing it; but Akh says that the latter is better: (S:) some read تِيمَنَّا. (Bd.) You say also, ↓ اُوتُمِنَ فُلَانٌ [Such a one was trusted, or confided, in &c.;] when it begins a sentence, changing the second ء into و; in like manner as you change it into ى when the first is with kesr, as in اِيتَمَنَهُ; and into ا when the first is with fet-h, as in آمَنَ. (S.) The phrase أَمَانَةً ↓ اُوتُمِنَ, in a saying of Mohammad, if it be not correctly عَلَى أَمَانَةٍ, may be explained as implying the meaning of اُسْتُحْفِظَ أَمَانَةً [He was asked to take care of a deposite; or he was intrusted with it]. (Mgh.) [You also say, أَمِنَهُ بِكَذَا, meaning He intrusted him with such a thing; as, for instance, money or other property: see two exs. in the Kur iii. 68.]

A2: أَمُنَ, (M, Mgh, K,) or أَمِنَ, (Msb,) inf. n. أَمَانَةٌ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) He was, or became, trusted in, or confided in: (M, K:) or he was, or became, trusty, trustworthy, trustful, confidential, or faithful: said of a man. (Mgh.) 2 أمّنهُ, inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ: see 4: b2: and see also أَمِنَهُ.

A2: أمّن, inf. n. as above, also signifies He said آمِينَ or أَمِينَ, (T, S, Msb,) after finishing the Fátihah, (T,) or عَلَي الدُّعَآءِ on the occasion of the prayer, or supplication. (Msb.) 4 آمَنَ is originally أَأْمَنَ; the second ء being softened. (S.) You say, آمنهُ, [inf. n. إِيمَانٌ;] (S, M, Msb;) and ↓ أمّنهُ, [inf. n. تَأْمِينٌ;] (M, TA;) meaning He rendered him secure, or safe; (Msb;) he rendered him secure, or free from fear; (S, M, TA;) contr. of أَخَافهُ: (TA:) so in آمَنْتُهُ مِنْهُ I rendered him secure, or safe, from him, or it. (Msb.) And of God you say, آمَنَ عِبادَهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَظْلِمَهُمْ [He hath rendered his servants secure from his wronging them]. (S.) And يُؤْمِنُ عِبَادَهُ مِنْ عَذَابِهِ [ He rendereth his servants secure from his punishment]. (M.) You say also, آمَنْتُ الأَسِيرَ, meaning I gave, or granted, الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter,] to the captive. (Msb.) And آمَنَ فُلَانٌ الَعَدُوَّ [Such a one granted security, &c., to the enemy], inf. n. as above. (T.) It is said in the Kur ch. ix. [verse 12], accord. to one reading, لَا إِيمَانَ لَهُمْ They have not the attribute of granting protection; meaning that when they grant protection, they do not fulfil their engagement to protect. (T.) A2: إِيمَانٌ also signifies The believing [a thing, or in a thing, and particularly in God]; syn. تَصْدِيقٌ; (T, S, &c.;) by common consent of the lexicologists and other men of science: (T:) its primary meaning is the becoming true to the trust with respect to which God has confided in one, by a firm believing with the heart; not by profession of belief with the tongue only, without the assent of the heart; for he who does not firmly believe with his heart is either a hypocrite or an ignorant person. (T, TA.) Its verb is intrans. and trans. (TA, from a Commentary on the Mutowwal.) You say, آمَنَ, meaning He believed. (T.) and it is said to be trans. by itself, like صَدَّقَ; and by means of بِ, considered as meaning اِعْتِرَافٌ [or acknowledgment]; and by means of لِ, considered as meaning إِذْعَانٌ [or submission]. (TA.) [Thus] you say, [آمنهُ and] آمن بِهِ, (inf. n. إِيمَانٌ, T, K,) namely, a thing. (T, M.) And آمن بِاللّٰهِ He believed in God. (T.) It seems to be meant by what is said in the Ksh [in ii. 2], that آمن بِهِ [or آمَنَهُ] properly signifies آمَنَهُ التَّكْذِيبَ [He rendered him secure from being charged with lying, or falsehood]; and that the meaning he believed him or in him, is tropical; but this is at variance with what its author says in the A; and Es-Saad says that this latter meaning is proper. (TA.) The phrase in the Kur [ix. 61], وَيُؤْمِنُ لِلْمؤْمِنِينَ, accord. to Th, means And he believeth the believers; giveth credit to them. (M.) b2: Sometimes it is employed to signify The acknowledging with the tongue only; and hence, in the Kur [lxiii. 3], ذلِكَ بأَنَّهُمْ آمَنُوا ثُمَّ كَفَرُوا That is because they acknowledged with the tongue, then disacknowledged with the heart. (TA.) b3: Also (assumed tropical:) The trusting, or confiding, or having trust or confidence. (M, K.) [You say, آمن بِهِ, meaning He trusted, or confided, in him, or it: for] the verb of ايمان in this sense is trans. by means of بِ without implication; as Bd says. (TA.) [And it is also trans. by itself: for] you say, مَا آمَنَ أَنْ يَجِدَ صَحَابَةً, meaning (tropical:) He trusted not that he would find companions; (M, * K, * TA;) said of one who has formed the intention of journeying: or the meaning is مَا كَادَ [i. e. he hardly, or scarcely, found &c.; or he was not near to finding &c.]. (M, K.) See also أَمِنَهُ. b4: Also The manifesting humility or submission, and the accepting the Law, (Zj, T, * K,) and that which the Prophet has said or done, and the firm believing thereof with the heart; (Zj, T, M;) without which firm belief, the manifesting of humility or submission, and the accepting that which the Prophet has said or done, is termed إِسْلَامٌ, for which one's blood is to be spared. (T.) [In this sense, it is trans. by means of لِ, accord. to some, as shown above; or by means of بِ, for, accord. to Fei,] you say, آمَنْتُ بِاللّٰهِ, inf. n. as above, meaning I submitted, or resigned, myself to God. (Msb.) [There are numerous other explanations which it is needless to give, differing according to different persuasions. b5: See also إِيمَان below.]8 إِاْتَمَنَ see 1, in five places.10 استأمنهُ He asked, or demanded, of him الأَمَان [i. e. security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]. (T, * Msb, TA.) b2: See also أَمِنَهُ. b3: استأمن إِلَيْهِ He entered within the pale of his أمَان [or protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) أَمْنٌ [an inf. n. of أَمِنِ: as a simple subst. it signifies Security, or safety: (see أَمِنَ:) or] security as meaning freedom from fear; contr. of خَوْفٌ; (S, M, K;) as also ↓ إِمْنٌ (Zj, M, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ (M, K) and ↓ أَمَنَهُ (S, M, K) [and ↓ إِمْنَةٌ (see أَمِنَ)] and ↓ أَمَانٌ and ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, K,) which last is an inf. n. of أَمِنَ [like the rest], (MF,) or a subst. like فَالِجٌ; (M;) and ↓ أَمَانَةٌ is syn. with أَمَانٌ, (S,) both of these signifying security, or safety, and freedom from fear: (PS:) or أَمْنٌ signifies freedom from expectation of evil, or of an object of dislike or hatred, in the coming time; originally, ease of mind, and freedom from fear. (El-Munáwee, TA.) You say, أَنْتَ فِى أَمْنٍ [Thou art in a state of security], (T, M,) مِنْ ذَاكَ [from that]; and ↓ فى أَمَانٍ signifies the same; (T;) and so ↓ فى آمِنٍ. (M.) And نُعَاسًا ↓ أَمَنَةً, in the Kur [iii. 148], means Security (أَمْنًا) [and slumber]. (S.) ↓ أَمَانٌ also signifies Protection, or safeguard: and [very frequently] a promise, or an assurance, of security or safety; indemnity; or quarter: in Pers\. پَنَاهْ and زِنْهَارٌ: (KL:) syn. إِلُّ. (K in art. ال.) Yousay, ↓ دَخَلَ فِى أَمَانِهِ [He entered within the pale of his protection, or safeguard]. (S, Msb.) [and اللّٰهِ ↓ كُنٌ فِى أَمَانِ Be thou in the protection, or safeguard, of God.] And ↓ أَعْطَيْتُهُ الأَمَانَ [I gave, or granted, to him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, or the promise or assurance of security or safety, or indemnity, or quarter]; namely, a captive. (Msb.) And طَلَبَ

↓ مِنْهُ الأَمَانَ [He asked, or demanded, of him security or safety, or protection or safeguard, &c., as in the next preceding ex.]. (Msb, TA.) b2: أَمْنًا in the Kur ii. 119 means ذَا أَمْن [Possessed of security or safety]: (Aboo-Is-hák, M:) or مَوْضِعَ أَمْنٍ [a place of security or safety; like مَأْمَنًا]. (Bd.) b3: See also آمِنٌ. b4: You say also, مَا أَحْسَنَ أَمْنَكَ, and ↓ أَمَنَكَ, meaning How good is thy religion! and thy natural disposition! (M, K.) إِمْنٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أَمَنٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first and last sentences.

أَمِنٌ: see آمِنٌ. b2: Also, (K, [there said to be like كَتِفٌ,]) or ↓ آمِنٌ, (M, [so written in a copy of that work,)] Asking, or demanding, or seeking, protection, in order to be secure, or safe, or free from fear, for himself: (M, K:) so says IAar. (M.) إِمْنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ.

أمَنَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in two places: b2: and see also أَمَانَةٌ.

A2: Also A man who trusts, or confides, in every one; (T, S, M;) and so ↓ أُمَنَةٌ: (S:) and who believes in everything that he hears; who disbelieves in nothing: (Lh, T:) or in whom men, or people, trust, or confide, and whose malevolence, or mischievousness, they do not fear: (T, M:) and ↓ أُمَنَةٌ signifies trusted in, or confided in; [like أَمِينٌ;] and by rule should be أُمْنَةٌ, because it has the meaning of a pass. part. n. [like لُعْنَةٌ and ضُحْكَةٌ and لُقْطَلةٌ &c. (see لَقَطٌ)]: (M:) or both signify one in whom every one trusts, or confides, in, or with respect to, everything. (K.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ.

أُمَنَةٌ: see أَمَنَةٌ, in two places.

أَمَانٌ: see أَمْنٌ, in seven places.

أَمُونٌ, applied to a she camel, of the measure فَعُولٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ, like عَصُوبٌ and حَلُوبٌ, (tropical:) Trusted, or confided, in; (T;) firmly, compactly, or strongly, made; (T, S, M, K;) secure from, or free from fear of, being weak: (S, M:) also, that is secure from, or free from fear of, stumbling, and becoming jaded: (M:) or strong, so that her becoming languid is not feared: (A, TA:) pl. أُمُنٌ. (M, K.) [See also what next follows.]

أَمينٌ Trusted; trusted in; confided in; (T, * S, * M, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ أُمَّانٌ; (S, M, K;) i. q. ↓ مَأْمُونٌ (S, M, K) and ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ: (ISk, T, K:) [a person in whom one trusts or confides; a confidant; a person intrusted with, or to whom is confided, power, authority, control, or a charge, عَلَى شَىْءٍ over a thing; a person intrusted with an affair, or with affairs, i. e., with the management, or disposal, thereof; a confidential agent, or superintendent; a commissioner; a commissary; a trustee; a depositary;] a guardian: (TA:) trusty; trustworthy; trustful; confidential; faithful: (Mgh, Msb: *) pl. أُمَنَآءُ, and, accord. to some, ↓ أَمَنَةٌ, as in a trad. in which it is said, أَصْحَابِى أَمَنَةٌ لِأُمَّتِى, meaning My companions are guardians to my people: or, accord. to others, this is pl. of ↓ آمِنٌ [app. in a sense mentioned below in this paragraph, so that the meaning in this trad. is my companions are persons who accord trust, or confidence, to my people]. (TA.) Hence, أَلَمْ تَعْلَمِى يَا أَسْمَ وَيْحَكِ أَنَّنِى

حَلَفْتُ يَمِينًا لَا أَخُونُ أَمِينِى

[Knowest thou not, O Asmà (أَسْمَآء, curtailed for the sake of the metre), mercy on thee! or woe to thee! that I have sworn an oath that I will not act treacherously to him in whom I trust?] i. e. ↓ مَأْمُونِى: (S:) or the meaning here is, him who trusts, or confides, in me; (ISk, T;) [i. e.] it is here syn. with ↓ آمِنِى. (M.) [Hence also,] الأَمِينُ فِى القِمَارِ, (K voce مُجُمِدٌ, &c.,) or أَمِينُ, القِمَارِ, [The person who is intrusted, as deputy, with the disposal of the arrows in the game called المَيْسِر; or] he who shuffles the arrows; الَّذِى.

يَضْرِبُ بِالقِدَاحِ. (EM p. 105.) [Hence also,] الرُّوحُ الأَمِينُ [The Trusted, or Trusty, Spirit]; (Kur xxvi. 193;) applied to Gabriel, because he is intrusted with the revelation of God. (Bd.) ↓ أُمَّانٌ, mentioned above, and occurring in a verse of El-Aashà, applied to a merchant, is said by some to mean Possessed of religion and excellence. (M.) ↓ مُؤْتَمَنٌ is applied, in a trad., to the مُؤَذِّن, as meaning that men trust, or confide, in him with respect to the times in which he calls to prayer, and know by his call what they are commanded to do as to praying and fasting and breaking fast. (Mgh.) المُعَامَلَةِ ↓ هُوَ مَأْمُونُ means He is [trusty, or trustworthy, in dealing with others; or] free from exorbitance and deceit or artifice or craft to be feared. (Msb.) b2: An aid, or assistant; syn. عَوْنٌ [here app. meaning, as it often does, an armed attendant, or a guard]; because one trusts in his strength, and is without fear of his being weak. (M.) b3: (assumed tropical:) The strong; syn. قَوِىٌّ. (K, TA: [in the latter of which is given the same reason for this signification as is given in the M for that of عون; for which قوى may be a mistranscription; but see أَمُونٌ.]) b4: One who trusts, or confides, in another; (ISk, T, K;) [as also ↓ آمِنٌ, of which see an ex. voce حَذِرٌ;] so accord. to ISk in the verse cited above in this paragraph: (T:) thus it bears two contr. significations. (K.) b5: See also آمِنٌ, in five places.

A2: And see آمِينَ.

أَمَانَةٌ: see أَمْنٌ, first sentence. b2: Trustiness; trustworthiness; trustfulness; faithfulness; fidelity; (M, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ أَمَنَةٌ. (M, K.) أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ [for أَمَانَةُ اللّٰهِ قَسَمِي or مَا أُقْسِمُ The faithfulness of God is my oath or that by which I swear] is composed of an inf. n. prefixed to the agent, and the former is in the nom. case as an inchoative; the phrase being like لَعَمْرُ اللّٰهِ, as meaning an oath; and the enunciative being suppressed, and meant to be understood: accord. to some, you say, أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ [app. for نَشَدْتُكَ أَمَانَةَ اللّٰهِ I adjure thee, or conjure thee, by the faithfulness of God, or the like], making it to be governed in the accus. case by the verb which is to be understood: and some correctly say, وَأَمَانَةِ اللّٰهِ [By the faithfulness of God], with the و which denotes an oath: (Mgh:) or this last is an oath accord. to Aboo-Haneefeh; but Esh-Sháfi'ee does not reckon it as such: and it is forbidden in a trad. to swear by الأَمَانَة; app. because it is not one of the names of God. (TA.) [Or these phrases may have been used, in the manner of an oath, agreeably with explanations here following.]

A2: A thing committed to the trust and care of a person; a trust; a deposite; (Mgh, Msb;) and the like: (Msb:) property committed to trust and care: (TA:) pl. أَمَانَاتٌ. (Mgh, Msb.) It is said in the Kur [viii. 27], وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ [Nor be ye unfaithful to the trusts committed to you]. (Mgh.) And in the same [xxxiii. 72], إِنَّا عَرَضْنَاالأَمَانَةَ عَلَى

السّموَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِوَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَنْ يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنْسَانُ [Verily we proposed, or offered, the trust which we have committed to man to the heavens and the earth and the mountains, and (accord. to explanations of Bd and others) they refused to take it upon themselves, or to accept it, and they feared it, but man took it upon himself, or accepted it: or, (accord. to another explanation of Bd, also given in the T, and in the K in art. حمل, &c.,) they refused to be unfaithful to it, and they feared it, but man was unfaithful to it: but in explaining what this trust was, authors greatly differ: accord. to some,] الامانة here means obedience; so called because the rendering thereof is incumbent: or the obedience which includes that which is natural and that which depends upon the will: [for] it is said that when God created these [celestial and terrestrial] bodies, He created in them understanding: or it may here [and in some other instances] mean reason, or intellect: [and the faculty of volition: and app. conscience: these being trusts committed to us by God, to be faithfully employed: (see an ex. voce جَذْرٌ:)] and the imposition of a task or duty or of tasks or duties [app. combined with reason or intellect, which is necessary for the performance thereof]: (Bd:) or it here means prayers and other duties for the performance of which there is recompense and for the neglect of which there is punishment: (Jel:) or, accord. to I'Ab and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr, (T,) the obligatory statutes which God has imposed upon his servants: (T, K: *) or, (T, K,) accord. to Ibn-'Omar, [the choice between] obedience and disobedience was offered to Adam, and he was informed of the recompense of obedience and the punishment of disobedience: but, in my opinion, he says, (T,) it here means the intention which one holds in the heart, (T, K,) with respect to the belief which he professes with the tongue, and with respect to all the obligatory statutes which he externally fulfils; (K;) because God has confided to him power over it, and not manifested it to any [other] of his creatures, so that he who conceives in his mind, with respect to the acknowledgment of the unity of God, (T, K,) and with respect to belief [in general], (T,) the like of that which he professes, he fulfils the امانة [or trust], (T, K,) and he who conceives in his mind disbelief while he professes belief with the tongue is unfaithful thereto, and every one who is unfaithful to that which is confided to him is [termed] حَامِلٌ, (T,) or حَامِلُ الأَمَانَةِ, and مُحْتَمِلُهَا: (Bd:) and by الإِنْسَانُ is here meant the doubting disbeliever. (T.) b2: Also, [as being a trust committed to him by God, A man's] family, or household; syn. أَهْلٌ. (TA.) أُمَّانٌ: see أَمينٌ, in two places.

A2: Also One who does not write; as though he were (كَأَنَّهُ [in the CK لاَنَّهُ because he is]) an أُمِّى. (K, TA.) [But this belongs to art. ام; being of the measure فُعْلَانٌ, like عُرْيَانٌ.] b2: And A sower, or cultivator of land; [perhaps meaning a clown, or boor;] syn. زَرَّاعٌ: (CK:) or sowers, or cultivators of land; syn. زُرَّاعٌ: (K, TA:) in one copy of the K زِرَاع. (TA.) آمِنٌ Secure, safe, or free from fear; as also ↓ أَمِينٌ (Lh, T, * S, * M, Msb, K) and ↓ أَمِنٌ. (M, K.) Hence, in the Kur [xcv. 3], ↓ وَهذَا الْبَلَدِ الْأَمِينِ [And this secure town]; (Akh, Lh, T, S, M;) meaning Mekkeh. (M.) بَلَدٌ آمِنٌ and ↓ أَمِينٌ means A town, or country, or district, of which the inhabitants are in a state of security, or confidence, therein. (Msb.) It is also said in the Kur [xliv. 51], ↓ إِنَّ الْمُتَّقِينَ فِي مَقَامٍ أَمِينٍ, meaning [Verily the pious shall be in an abode] wherein they shall be secure from the accidents, or casualties, of fortune. (M.) [And hence,] ↓ الأَمِينُ is one of the epithets applied to God, (Mgh, K,) on the authority of El-Hasan; (Mgh;) an assertion requiring consideration: it may mean He who is secure with respect to the accidents, or casualties, of fortune: but see المُؤْمِنُ, which is [well known as] an epithet applied to God. (TA.) آمِنُ المَالِ means What is secure from being slaughtered, of the camels, because of its being highly prized; by المال being meant الإِبِل: or, as some say, (tropical:) what is highly esteemed, of property of any kind; as though, if it had intellect, it would feel secure from being exchanged. (M.) You say, أَعْطَيْتُهُ مِنْ آمِنِ مَالِي, (K, TA, [in the CK آمَنِ,]) meaning (tropical:) I gave him of the choice, or best, of my property; of what was highly esteemed thereof; (K, TA;) and مَالِى ↓ مِنْ أَمْنِ which Az explains as meaning of the choice, or best, of my property. (TA: [in which is given a verse cited by ISk showing that أَمْن, thus used, is not a mistranscription for آمِن.]) And آمِنُ الحِلْمِ means Steadfast in forbearance or clemency; of whose becoming disordered in temper, and free from self-restraint, there is no fear. (M.) b2: See also أَمِينٌ, in three places: b3: and see اَمِنٌ.

A2: See also أَمِينٌ, in two places.

آمِينَ [in the CK, erroneously, آمِينُ] and ↓ أَمِينَ; (Th, T, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) both chaste and well known, (TA,) the latter of the dial. of El-Hijáz, (Msb, TA,) as some say, (TA,) [and this, though the less common, is the original form, for] the medd in the former is only to give fulness of sound to the fet-hah of the أ, (Th, M, Msb, TA,) as is shown by the fact that there is no word in the Arabic language of the measure فَاعِيلٌ; (Msb, TA;) and some pronounce the former آمِّينَ, (K,) which is said by some of the learned to be a dial. var., (Msb,) but this is a mistake, (S, Msb,) accord. to authorities of good repute, and is one of old date, originating from an assertion of Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà, [i. e. Th,] that آمِينَ is like عَاصِينَ, by which he was falsely supposed to mean its having the form of a pl., [and being consequently آمِّينَ,] (Msb, [and part of this is said in the M,]) whereas he thereby only meant that the م is without teshdeed, like the ص in عَاصِينَ; (M;) beside that the sense of قَاصِدِينَ [which is that of آمِّينَ, from أَمَّ,] would be inconsistent after the last phrase of the first chapter of the Kur [where آمينَ is usually added]; (Msb;) and sometimes it is pronounced with imáleh, [i. e. “émeena,”] as is said by ElWáhidee in the Beseet; (K;) but this is unknown in works on lexicology, and is said to be a mispronunciation of some of the Arabs of the desert of El-Yemen: (MF:) each form is indecl., (S,) with fet-h for its termination, like أَيْنَ and كَيْفَ, to prevent the occurrence of two quiescent letters together: (T, S, TA:) it is a word used immediately after a prayer, or supplication: (S, * M:) [it is best expressed, when occurring in a translation, by the familiar Hebrew equivalent Amen:] El-Fárisee says that it is a compound of a verb and a noun; (M;) meaning answer Thou me; [i. e. answer Thou my prayer;] (M, Mgh;*) or O God, answer Thou: (Zj, T, Msb, K:) or so be it: (AHát, S, Msb, K:) or so do Thou, (K, TA,) O Lord: (TA:) it is strangely asserted by some of the learned, that, after the Fátihah, [or Opening Chapter of the Kur-án,] it is a prayer which implies all that is prayed for in detail in the Fátihah: so in the Towsheeh: (MF:) or it is one of the names of God: (M, Msb, K:) so says El-Hasan (M, Msb) El-Basree: (Msb:) but the assertion that it is for يَا اَللّٰهُ [O God], and that اسْتَجِبٌ [answer Thou] is meant to be understood, is not correct accord. to the lexicologists; for, were it so, it would be with refa, not nasb. (T.) إِيمَانٌ [inf. n. of 4, q. v. b2: Used as a simple subst., Belief; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faith: trust, or confidence: &c.] b3: Sometimes it means Prayer; syn. صَلَاةٌ: as in the Kur [ii. 138], where it is said, وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيعَ إِيَمانَكُمْ, (Bd, Jel, TA,) i. e. [God will not make to be lost] your prayer towards Jerusalem, (Bd, * Jel,) as some explain it. (Bd.) b4: Sometimes, also, it is used as meaning The law brought by the Prophet. (Er-Rághib, TA.) مَأْمَنٌ A place of security or safety or freedom from fear; or where one feels secure. (M, TA.) مُؤْمَنٌ pass. part. n. of آمَنَهُ. (T.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 96], accord. to one reading, (T, M,) that of Aboo-Jaafar El-Medenee, (T,) لَسْتَ مُؤْمَنًا [Thou art not granted security, or safety, &c.; or] we will not grant thee security, &c. (T, M.) مُؤْمِنٌ [act. part. n. of 4; Rendering secure, &c.]. المُؤْمِنُ is an epithet applied to God; meaning He who rendereth mankind secure from his wronging them: (T, S:) or He who rendereth his servants secure from his punishment: (M, IAth:) i. q. المُهَيْمِنُ, (M,) which is originally المُؤَأْمِنُ; [for the form مُفْعِلٌ is originally مُؤَفْعِلٌ;] the second ء being softened, and changed into ى, and the first being changed into ه: (S:) or the Believer of his servants (Th, M, TA) the Muslims, on the day of resurrection, when the nations shall be interrogated respecting the messages of their apostles: (TA:) or He who will faithfully perform to his servants what He hath promised them: (T, TA:) or He who hath declared in his word the truth of his unity. (T.) b2: [Also Believing, or a believer; particularly in God, and in his word and apostles &c.: faithful: trusting, or confiding: &c.: see 4.]

مَأْمُونٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in three places. b2: مَأْمُونَةٌ A woman whose like is sought after and eagerly retained because of her valuable qualities. (M.) مَأْمُونِيَّةٌ A certain kind of food; so called in relation to El-Ma-moon. (TA.) مُؤْتَمَنٌ: see أَمِينٌ, in two places.

علم الكلام
قال أبو الخير في الموضوعات: هو علم يقتدر به على إثبات العقائد الدينية بإيراد الحجج عليها ودفع الشبه عنها وموضوعه ذات الله سبحانه وتعالى وصفاته عند المتقدمين. وقيل: موضوعه الموجود من حيث هو موجود.
وعند المتأخرين موضوعه المعلوم من حيث ما يتعلق به من إثبات العقائد الدينية متعلقا قريبا أو بعيدا أو أرادوا بالدينية المنسوبة إلى دين نبينا محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم انتهى ملخصاً.
والكتب المؤلفة فيه كثيرة ذكرها صاحب كشف الظنون.
وللسيد الإمام العلامة محمد بن الوزير كتاب ترجيح أساليب القرآن لأهل الإيمان على أساليب اليونان وبيان ذلك بإجماع الأعيان بأوضح التبيان وكتاب البرهان القاطع في إثبات الصانع وجميع ما جاءت به الشرائع رد في هذين الكتابين على المتكلمين والكلام وأثبت أن جميع مسائل هذا العلم تثبت بالسنة والقرآن ولا يحتاج معهما إلى قوانين المتكلمين وقواعد الكلام وهما نفيسان جدا وما أحسن ما قال الغزالي في الإحياء.
وحاصل ما يشتمل عليه علم الكلام من الأدلة التي ينتفع بها فالقرآن والأخبار مشتملة عليه وما خرج عنهما فهو إما مجادلة مذمومة وهي من البدع وإما مشاغبة بالتعلق بمناقضات الفرق وتطويل بنقل المقالات التي أكثرها ترهات وهذيانات تزدريها الطباع وتمجها الأسماع وبعضها خوض فيما لا يتعلق بالدين ولم يكن شيئا منها مألوفا في العصر الأول وكان الخوض فيه بالكلية من البدع انتهى.
قال ابن خلدون: علم الكلام هو علم يتضمن الحجاج عن العقائد الإيمانية بالأدلة العقلية والرد على المبتدعة المنحرفين في الاعتقادات عن مذاهب السلف وأهل السنة وسر هذه العقائد الإيمانية هو الــتوحيد فلنقدم هنا لطيفة في برهان عقلي يكشف لنا عن الــتوحيد على أقرب الطرق والمآخذ ثم نرجع إلى تحقيق علمه وفيما ينظر ويشير إلى حدوثه في الملة وما دعا إلى وضعه.
فنقول إن الحوادث في عالم الكائنات سواء كانت من الذوات أو من الأفعال البشرية أو الحيوانية فلا بد لها من أسباب متقدمة عليها بها تقع في مستقر العادة وعنها يتم كونه وكل واحد من هذه الأسباب حادث أيضا فلا بد له من أسباب أخر ولا تزال تلك الأسباب مرتقية حتى تنتهي إلى مسبب الأسباب وموجدها وخالقها سبحانه لا إله إلا هو وتلك الأسباب في ارتقائها تتفسح وتتضاعف طولا وعرضا ويحار العقل في إدراكها وتعديدها فإذا لا يحصرها إلا العلم المحيط سيما الأفعال البشرية والحيوانية فإن من جملة أسبابها في الشاهد المقصود والإرادات إذ لا يتم كون الفعل إلا بإرادته والقصد إليه والقصود والإرادات أمور نفسانية ناشئة في الغالب عن تصورات سابقة يتلو بعضها بعضا وتلك التصورات هي أسباب قصد الفعل وقد تكون أسباب تلك التصورات تصورات أخرى وكل ما يقع في النفس من التصورات مجهول سببه إذ لا يطلع أحد على مبادئ الأمور النفسانية ولا على ترتيبها إنما هي أشياء يلقيها الله في الفكر يتبع بعضها بعضا والإنسان عاجز عن معرفة مباديها وغاياتها وإنما يحيط علما في الغالب بالأسباب التي هي طبيعية ظاهرة يوقع في مداركها على نظام وترتيب لأن لا طبيعة محصورة للنفس وتحت طورها.
وأما التصورات فنطاقها أوسع من النفس لأنها للعقل الذي هو فوق طور النفس فلا تدرك الكثير منها فضلا عن الإحاطة بها وتأمل من ذلك حكمة الشارع في نهيه عن النظر إلى الأسباب والوقوف معها فإنه واد يهيم فيه الفكر ولا يحلو منه بطائل ولا يظفر بحقيقة {قُلِ اللَّهُ ثُمَّ ذَرْهُمْ فِي خَوْضِهِمْ يَلْعَبُونَ} وربما انقطع في وقوفه عن الارتقاء إلى ما فوقه فزلت قدمه وأصبح من الضالين الهالكين نعوذ بالله من الحرمان والخسران المبين ولا تحسبن أن هذا الوقوف أو الرجوع عنه في قدرتك واختيارك بل هو لون يحصل للنفس وصبغة تستحكم من الخوض في الأسباب على نسبة لا نعلمها إذ لو عملناها لتحرزنا منها فلنتحرز من ذلك بقطع النظر عنها جملة وأيضا فوجه تأثير هذه الأسباب في الكثير من مسبباتها مجهول لأنها إنما يوقف عليها بالعادة لاقتران الشاهد بالاستناد إلى الظاهر. وحقيقة التأثير وكيفية مجهولة {وَمَا أُوتِيتُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ إِلَّا قَلِيلاً} فلذلك أمرنا بقطع النظر عنها وإلغائها جملة والتوجه إلى مسبب الأسباب كلها وفاعلها وموجدها لترسخ صفة الــتوحيد في النفس على ماعلمنا الشارع الذي هو أعرف بمصالح ديننا وطرق سعادتنا لاطلاعه على ما وراء الحس قال صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم:
"من مات يشهد أن لا إله إلا الله دخل الجنة" فإن وقف عند تلك الأسباب فقد انقطع وحقت عليه كلمة الكفر وإن سبح في بحر النظر والبحث عنها وعن أسبابها وتأثيراتها واحدا بعد واحد فأنا الضامن له أن لا يعود إلا بالخيبة فلذلك نهانا الشارع عن النظر في الأسباب وأمرنا بالــتوحيد المطلق {قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ، اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ، لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُواً أَحَدٌ} ولا تثقن بما يزعم لك الفكر من أنه مقتدر على الإحاطة بالكائنات وأسبابها والوقوف على تفصيل الوجود كله وسفه رأيه في ذلك.
واعلم أن الوجود عند كل مدرك في بادئ رأيه منحصر في مداركه لا يعدوها والأمر في نفسه بخلاف ذلك والحق من ورائه ألا ترى الأصم كيف ينحصر الوجود عنده في المحسوسات الأربع والمعقولات ويسقط من الوجود عنده صنف المسموعات وكذلك الأعمى أيضا يسقط عنده صنف المرئيات
ولولا ما يردهم إلى ذلك تقليد الآباء هذه الأصناف لا بمقتضى فطرتهم وطبيعة إدراكهم ولو سئل الحيوان الأعجم ونطق لوجدناه منكرا للمعقولات وساقطة لديه بالكلية فإذا علمت هذا فلعل هناك ضربا من الإدراك غير مدركاتنا لأن إدراكاتنا مخلوقة محدثة وخلق الله أكبر من خلق الناس والحصر مجهول الوجود أوسع نطاقا من ذلك {وَاللَّهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِمْ مُحِيطٌ} فاتهم إدراكك ومدركاتك في الحصر واتبع ما أمرك الشارع به من اعتقادك وعملك فهو أحرص على سعادتك واعلم بما ينفعك لأنه من طور فوق إدراكك ومن نطاق أوسع من نطاق عقلك وليس ذلك بقادح في العقل ومداركه بل العقل ميزان صحيح فأحكامه يقينية لا كذب فيها غير أنك لا تطمع أن تزن به أمور الــتوحيد والآخرة وحقيقة النبوة وحقائق الصفات الإلهية وكل ما وراء طوره فإن ذلك طمع في محال ومثال ذلك: مثال رجل رأى الميزان الذي يوزن به الذهب فطمع أن يزن به الجبال وهذا لا يدرك على أن الميزان في أحكامه غير صادق لكن العقل قد يقف عنده ولا يتعدى طوره حتى يكون له أن يحيط بالله وبصفاته فإنه ذرة من ذرات الوجود الحاصل منه وتفطن في هذا الغلط من يقدم العقل على السمع في أمثال هذه القضايا وقصور فهمه واضمحلال رأيه فقد تبين لك الحق من ذلك إذا تبين ذلك فلعل الأسباب إذا تجاوزت في الارتقاء نطاق إدراكنا ووجودنا خرجت عن أن تكون مدركة فيضل العقل في بيداء الأوهام ويحار وينقطع فإذا الــتوحيد هو العجز عن إدراك الأسباب وكيفيات تأثيرها وتفويض ذلك إلى خالقها المحيط بها إذ لا فاعل غيره وكلها ترتقي إليه وترجع إلى قدرته وعلمنا به إنما هو من حيث صدورنا عنه وهذا هو معنى ما نقل عن بعض الصديقين العجز عن الإدراك إدراك.
ثم إن المعتبر في هذا الــتوحيد ليس هو الإيمان فقط الذي هو تصديق حكمي فإن ذلك من حديث النفس وإنما الكمال فيه حصول صفة منه تتكيف بها النفس كما أن المطلوب من الأعمال والعبادات أيضا حصول ملكة الطاعات والانقياد وتفريغ القلب عن شواغل ما سوى المعبود حتى ينقلب المريد السالك ربانياً.
والفرق بين الحال والعلم في العقائد فرق ما بين القول والاتصاف.
وشرحه أن كثيرا من الناس يعلم أن رحمة اليتيم والمسكين قربة إلى الله تعالى مندوب إليها ويقول بذلك ويعترف به ويذكر مأخذه من الشريعة وهو لو رأى يتيما أو مسكينا من أبناء المستضعفين لفر عنه واستنكف أن يباشره فضلا عن التمسح عليه للرحمة وما بعد ذلك من مقامات العطف والحنو والصدقة
فهذا إنما حصل له من رحمة اليتيم مقام العلم ولم يحصل له مقام الحال والاتصاف ومن الناس من يحصل له مع مقام العلم والاعتراف بأن رحمة المسكين قربة إلى الله تعالى مقام آخر أعلى من الأول وهو الاتصاف بالرحمة وحصول ملكتها فمتى رأى يتيما أو مسكينا بادر إليه ومسح عليه والتمس الثواب في الشفقة عليه لا يكاد يصبر عن ذلك ولو دفع عنه ثم يتصدق عليه بما حضره من ذات يده وكذا علمك بالــتوحيد مع اتصافك وليس الاتصاف ضرورة هو أوثق مبني من العلم الحاصل قبل الاتصاف وليس الاتصاف بحاصل عن مجرد العلم حتى يقع العمل ويتكرر مرارا غير منحصرة فترسخ الملكة ويحصل الاتصاف بحاصل عن مجرد العلم حتى يقع العمل ويتكرر مرارا غير منحصرة فترسخ الملكة ويحصل الاتصاف والتحقيق ويجيء العلم الثاني النافع في الآخرة فان العلم الأول المجرد عن الاتصاف قليل الجدوى والنفع وهذا علم أكثر النظار والمطلوب إنما هو العلم الحالي الناشئ عن العادة.
واعلم أن الكمال عند الشارع في كل ما كلف به إنما هو في هذا فما طلب اعتقاده فالكمال في العلم الثاني الحاصل عن الاتصاف وما طلب عمله من العبادات فالكمال فيها في حصول الاتصاف والتحقق بها ثم إن الإقبال على العبادات والمواظبة عليها هو المحصل لهذه الثمرة الشريفة قال صلى الله عليه وسلم في رأس العبادات: "جعلت قرة عيني في الصلاة" فإن الصلاة صارت له صفة وحالا يجد فيها منتهى لذته وقرة عينه وأين هذا من صلاة الناس ومن لهم بها {فَوَيْلٌ لِلْمُصَلِّينَ، الَّذِينَ هُمْ عَنْ صَلاتِهِمْ سَاهُونَ} اللهم وفقنا واهدنا الصراط المستقيم صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم غير المغضوب عليهم ولا الضالين.
فقد تبين لك من جميع ما قررنا أن المطلوب في التكاليف كلها حصول ملكة راسخة في النفس يحصل عنها علم اضطراري للنفس هو الــتوحيد وهو: العقيدة الإيمانية وهو: الذي تحصل به السعادة وإن ذلك سواء في التكاليف القلبية والبدنية ويتفهم منه أن الإيمان الذي هو أصل التكاليف وينبوعها هو بهذه المثابة ذو مراتب: أولها: التصديق القلبي الموافق اللسان.
وأعلاها: حصول كيفية من ذلك الاعتقاد القلبي وما يتبعه من العمل مستولية على القلب فيستتبع الخوارج وتندرج في طاعتها جميع التصرفات حتى تنخرط الأفعال كلها في طاعة ذلك التصديق الإيماني.
وهذا ارفع مراتب الإيمان وهو الإيمان الكامل الذي لا يقارف المؤمن معه صغير ولا كبيرة إذ حصول الملكة ورسوخها مانع من الانحراف عن مناهجه طرفة عين قال صلى الله عليه وسلم:
"لا يزني الزاني حين يزني وهو مؤمن" وفي حديث هرقل لما سأل أبا سفيان بن حرب عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأحواله فقال في أصحابه: هل يرتد أحد منهم سخطة لدينه؟ قال: لا قال: وكذلك الإيمان حين تخالط بشاشته القلوب.
ومعناه: أن ملكة الإيمان إذا استقرت عسر على النفس مخالفتها شأن الملكات إذا استقرت فإنها تحصل بمثابة الجبلة والفطرة وهذه هي المرتبة العالية من الإيمان وهي في المرتبة الثانية من العصمة لأن العصمة واجبة للأنبياء وجوبا سابقا وهذه حاصلة للمؤمنين حصولا تابعا لأعمالهم وتصديقهم وبهذه الملكة ورسوخها يقع التفاوت في الإيمان كالذي يتلى عليك من أقاويل السلف وفي تراجم البخاري رضي الله عنه في باب الإيمان كثير منه مثل: أن الإيمان قول وعمل ويزيد وينقص وأن الصلاة والصيام من الإيمان وإن تطوع1 رمضان من الإيمان والحياء من الإيمان والمراد بهذا كله الإيمان الكامل الذي أشرنا إليه وإلى ملكته وهو فعلي.
وأما التصديق الذي هو أول مراتبه ومن اعتبروا آخر الأسماء وحمله على هذه الملكة التي هي الإيمان الكامل ظهر له التفاوت وليس ذلك بقادح في اتحاد حقيقته الأولى التي هي التصديق إذ التصديق موجود في جميع رتبه لأنه أقل ما يطلق عليه اسم الإيمان وهو المخلص من عهدة الكفر والفيصل بين الكافر والمسلم فلا يجزى أقل منه وهو في نفسه حقيقة واحدة لا تتفاوت وإنما التفاوت في الحال الحاصلة عن الأعمال كما قلناه فافهم.
واعلم أن الشارع وصف لنا هذه الإيمان الذي في المرتبة الأولى الذي هو تصديق وعين أمورا مخصوصة كلفنا التصديق بها بقلوبنا واعتقادها في أنفسنا مع الإقرار بألسنتنا وهي العقائد التي تقررت في الدين قال صلى الله عليه وسلم حين سئل عن الإيمان فقال: "أن تؤمن بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر وتؤمن بالقدر خيره وشره" وهذه هي العقائد الإيماينة المقررة في علم الكلام.
ولنشر إليها بجملة لتتبين لك حقيقة هذا الفن وكيفية حدوثه فنقول.
اعلم أن الشارع لما أمرنا بالإيمان بهذا الخالق الذي رد الأفعال كلها إليه وأفرده به كما قدمناه وعرفنا أن في هذا الإيمان نجاتنا عند الموت إذا حضرنا لم يعرفنا بكنه حقيقة هذا الخالق المعبود إذ ذاك متعذر على إدراكنا ومن فوق طورنا فكلفنا أولا اعتقاد تنزيهه في ذاته عن مشابهة المخلوقين وإلا لما صح أنه خالق لهم لعدم الفارق على هذا التقديم ثم تنزيهه عن صفات النقص وإلا لشابه المخلوقين ثم توحيده بالاتحاد وإلا لم يتم الخلق للتمانع ثم اعتقاد أنه عالم قادر فبذلك تتم الأفعال شاهد قضيته لكمال الاتحاد والخلق.
ومريد وإلا لم يخصص شيء من المخلوقات.
ومقدر لكل كائن وإلا فالإرادة حادثة.
وأنه يعيدنا بعد الموت
ثم اعتقاد بعثة الرسل لنجاة من شقاء هذا المعاد لاختلاف أحواله بالشقاء والسعادة وعدم معرفتنا بذلك وتمام لطفه بنا في الإيتاء بذلك وبيان الطريقين وأن الجنة للنعيم وجهنم للعذاب.
هذه أمهات العقائد الإيمانية معللة بأدلتها العقلية وأدلتها من الكتاب والسنة كثيرة وعن تلك الأدلة أخذها السلف وأرشد إليها العلماء وحققتها الأئمة إلا أنه عرض بعد ذلك خلاف في تفاصيل هذه العقائد أكثر مثارها من الآي المتشابهة فدعا ذلك إلى الخصام والتناظر. والاستدلال بالعقل زيادة إلى النقل فحدث بذلك علم الكلام ولنبين لك تفصيل هذا المجمل وذلك.
أن القرآن ورد فيه وصف المعبود بالتنزيه المطلق الظاهر الدلالة من غير تأويل في آي كثيرة وهي سلوب كلها وصريحة في بابها فوجب الإيمان بها ووقع في كلام الشارع صلوات الله عليه وكلام الصحابة والتابعين تفسيرها على ظاهرها.
ثم وردت في القرآن آي أخر قليلة توهم التشبيه مرة في الذات وأخرى في الصفات.
فأما السلف فغلبوا أدلة التنزيه لكثرتها ووضح دلالتها وعلموا استحالة التشبيه وقضوا بأن الآيات من كلام الله فآمنوا بها ولم يتعرضوا لمعناها ببحث ولا تأويل وهذا معنى قول الكثير منهم اقرؤوها كما جاءت أي: آمنوا بأنها من عند الله ولا تتعرضوا لتأويلها ولا تفسيرها لجواز أن تكون ابتلاء فيجب الوقف والإذعان له.
وشذ لعصرهم مبتدعة اتبعوا ما تشابه من الآيات وتوغلوا في التشبيه.
ففريق أشبهوا في الذات باعتقاد اليد والقدم والوجه عملا بظاهر وردت بذلك فوقعوا في التجسيم الصريح ومخالفة آي التنزيه المطلق التي هي أكثر موارد وأوضح دلالة لأن معقولية الجسم تقتضي النقص والافتقار وتغليب آيات السلوب في التنزيه المطلق الذي هي أكثر موارد وأوضح دلالة أولى من التعلق بظواهر هذه التي لنا عنها غنية وجمع بين الدليلين بتأويلهم ثم يفرون من شناعة ذلك بقولهم جسم لا كالأجسام وليس ذلك بدافع لأنه قول متناقض وجمع بين نفي وإثبات إن كان بالمعقولية واحدا من الجسم وإن خالفوا بينهما ونفوا المعقولية المتعارفة فقد وافقونا في التنزيه ولم يبق إلا جعلهم لفظ الجسم اسما من أسمائه ويتوقف مثله على الأذن.
وفريق منهم ذهبوا إلى التشبيه في الصفات كثبات الجبهة والاستواء والنزول والصوت والحرف وأمثال ذلك وآل قولهم إلى التجسيم فنزعوا مثل الأولين إلى قولهم وصوت لا كالأصوات جهة لا كالجهات، ونزول لا كالنزول يعنون من الأجسام واندفع ذلك بما اندفع به الأول ولم يبق في هذه الظواهر إلا اعتقادات السلف ومذاهبهم والإيمان بها كما هي لئلا يكر النفي على معانيها بنفيها مع أنها صحيحة ثابتة من القرآن ولهذا تنظر ما تراه في عقيدة الرسالة لابن أبي زيد وكتاب المختصر له وفي كتاب الحافظ ابن عبد البر وغيرهم فإنهم يحومون على هذا المعنى ولا تغمض عينك عن القرائن الدالة على ذلك في غصون كلامهم.
ثم لما كثرت العلوم والصنائع وولع الناس بالتدوين والبحث في سائر الأنحاء وألف المتكلمون في التنزيه حدثت بدعة المعتزلة في تعميم هذا التنزيه في آي السلوب.
فقضوا بنفي صفات المعاني من العلم والقدرة والإرادة والحياة زائدة على أحكامها لما يلزم على ذلك من تعدد القديم بزعمهم وهو مردود بأن الصفات ليست عين الذات ولا غيرها.
وقضوا بنفي السمع والبصر لكونهما من عوارض الأجسام وهو مردود لعدم اشتراط البينة في مدلول هذا اللفظ وإنما هو إدراك المسموع أو المبصر.
وقضوا بنفي الكلام لشبه ما في السمع والبصر ولم يعقلوا صفة الكلام التي تقوم بالنفس فقضوا بأن القرآن مخلوق بدعة صرح السلف بخلافها وعظم ضرر هذه البدعة ولقنها بعض الخلفاء عن أئمتهم فحمل الناس عليها وخالفهم أئمة السلف فاستحل لخلافهم أيسار كثير منهم ودماءهم كان ذلك سببا لإنتهاض أهل السنة بالأدلة العقلية على هذه العقائد دفعا في صدور هذه البدع وقام بذلك الشيخ أبو الحسن الأشعري ما المتكلمين فوسط بين الطرق ونفي التشبيه وأثبت الصفات المعنوية وقصر التنزيه على ما قصره عليه السلف وشهدت له الأدلة المخصصة لعمومه فأثبت الصفات الأربع المعنوية والسمع والبصر والكلام القائم بالنفس بطريق النقل والعقل ورد على المبتدعة في ذلك كله وتكلم معهم فيما مهدوه لهذه البدع من القول بالصلاح والأصلح والتحسين والتقبيح وكمل العقائد في البعثة وأحوال الجنة والنار والثواب والعقاب وألحق بذلك الكلام في الإمامة لما ظهر حينئذ من بدعة الإمامية من قولهم: أنها من عقائد الإيمان وأنه يجب على النبي تعيينها والخروج عن العهدة في ذلك لمن هي له وكذلك على الأمة وقصارى أمر الإمامة أنها قضية مصلحية إجماعية لا تلحق بالعقائد فلذلك ألحقوها بمسائل هذا الفن وسموا مجموعة علم الكلام.
أما لما فيه من المناظرة على البدع وهي كلام صرف وليست براجعة إلى عمل.
وأما لأن سبب وضعه والخوض فيه هو تنازعهم في إثبات الكلام النفسي.
وكثر اتباع الشيخ أبي الحسن الأشعري واقتفى طريقته من بعده تلميذه كابن مجاهد وغيره وأخذ عنهم القاضي أبو بكر الباقلاني فتصدر للأمة في طريقتهم وهذبها ووضع المقدمات العقلية التي تتوقف عليها الأدلة والأنظار وذلك مثل إثبات الجوهر الفرد والخلاء وإن العرض لا يقوم بالعرض وأنه لا يبقى زمانين وأمثال ذلك مما تتوقف عليه أدلتهم وجعل هذه القواعد تبعا للعقائد الإيمانية في وجوب اعتقادها لتوقف تلك الأدلة عليها
وإن بطلان الدليل يؤذن ببطلان المدلول وجملت هذه الطريقة وجاءت من أحسن الفنون النظرية والعلوم الدينية إلا أن صور الأدلة تعتبر بها الأقيسة ولم تكن حينئذ ظاهرة في الملة، ولو ظهر منها بعض الشيء فلم يأخذ به المتكلمون لملابستها للعلوم الفلسفية المباينة للعقائد الشرعية بالجملة فكانت مهجورة عندهم لذلك.
ثم جاء بعد القاضي أبي بكر الباقلاني إمام الحرمين أبو المعالي فأملى في الطريقة كتاب الشامل وأوسع القول فيه ثم لخصه في كتاب الإرشاد واتخذه الناس إماما لعقائدهم ثم انتشرت من بعد ذلك علوم المنطق في الملة وقرأه الناس وفرقوا بينه وبين العلوم الفلسفية بأنه قانون ومعيار للأدلة فقط يسير به الأدلة منها كما يسير من سواها.
ثم نظروا في تلك القواعد والمقدمات في فن الكلام للأقدمين فخالفوا الكثير منها بالبراهين التي أدلت إلى ذلك وربما أن كثيرا منها مقتبس من كلام الفلاسفة في الطبيعيات والإلهيات فلما سيروها لمعيار المنطق ردهم إلى ذلك فيها ولم يعتقدوا بطلان المدلول من بطلان دليله كما صار إليه القاضي فصارت هذه الطريقة من مصطلحهم مباينة للطريقة الأولى وتسمى طريقة المتأخرين وربما أدخلوا فيها الرد على الفلاسفة فيما خالفوا فيه من العقائد الإيمانية وجعلوهم من خصوم العقائد لتناسب الكثير من مذاهب المبتدعة ومذاهبهم.
وأول من كتب في طريقة الكلام على هذا المنحى الغزالي رحمه الله وتبعه الإمام ابن الخطيب وجماعة قفوا أثرهم واعتمدوا تقليدهم ثم توغل المتأخرون من بعدهم في مخالطة كتب الفلسفة والتبس عليهم شأن الموضوع في العلمين فحسبوه فيها واحدا من اشتباه المسائل فيهما.
واعلم أن المتكلمين لما كانوا يستدلون في أكثر أحوالهم بالكائنات وأحوالها على وجود الباري وصفاته وهو نوع استدلالهم غالبا والجسم الطبيعي ينظر فيه الفيلسوفي في الطبيعيات وهو بعض من هذه الكائنات إلا أن نظره فيها مخالف لنظر المتكلم وهو ينظر في الجسم من حيث يتحرك ويسكن.
والمتكلم ينظر فيه من حيث يدل على الفاعل.
وكذا نظر الفيلسوفي في الإلهيات إنما هو نظر في الوجود المطلق وما يقتضيه لذاته.
ونظر المتكلم في الوجود من حيث أنه يدل على الموجد وبالجملة فموضوع علم الكلام عند أهله إنما هو العقائد الإيمانية بعد فرضها صحيحة من الشرع من حيث يمكن أن يستدل عليها بالأدلة العقلية فترفع البدع وتزول الشكوك والشبه عن تلك العقائد.
وإذا تأملت حال الفن في حدوثه وكيف تدرج كلام الناس فيه صدرا بعد صدر وكلهم يفرض العقائد صحيحة ويستنهض الحجج والأدلة علمت حينئذ ما قررناه لك في موضوع الفن وأنه لا يعدوه.
ولقد اختلطت الطريقتان عند هؤلاء المتأخرين والتبست مسائل الكلام بمسائل الفلسفة بحيث لا يتميز أحد الفنين من الآخر ولا يحصل عليه طالبه من كتبهم كما فعله البيضاوي في الطوالع ومن جاء بعده من علماء العجم في جميع تآليفهم إلا أن هذه الطريقة قد يعني بها بعض طلبة العلم للاطلاع على المذاهب والإغراق في معرفة الحجاج لوفور ذلك فيها.
وأما محاذاة طريقة السلف بعقائد علم الكلام فإنما هو الطريقة القديمة للمتكلمين وأصلها كتاب الإرشاد وما حذا حذوه. ومن أراد إدخال الرد على الفلاسفة في عقائده فعليه بكتب الغزالي والإمام ابن الخطيب فإنها وإن وقع فيها مخالفة للاصطلاح القديم فليس فيها من الاختلاط في المسائل والالتباس في الموضوع ما في طريقة هؤلاء المتأخرين من بعدهما.
وعلى الجملة فينبغي أن يعلم أن هذا العلم الذي هو علم الكلام غير ضروري لهذا العهد على طالب العلم إذ الملحدة والمبتدعة قد انقرضوا والأئمة من أهل السنة كفونا شأنهم فيما كتبوا ودونوا والأدلة العقلية إنما احتاجوا إليها حين دافعوا ونصروا وأما الآن فلم يبق منها إلا كلام تنزه الباري عن كثير إيهاماته وإطلاقه.
ولقد سئل الجنيد رحمه الله عن قوم مر بهم من المتكلمين يفيضون فيه فقال: ما هؤلاء؟ فقيل: قوم ينزهون الله بالأدلة عن صفات الحدوث وسمات النقص فقال: نفي العيب حيث يستحيل العيب عيب.
لكن فائدته في آحاد الناس وطلبة العلم فائدة معتبرة إذ لا يحسن بحامل السنة الجهل بالحجج النظرية على عقائدها والله تعالى ولي المؤمنين.