بين

1 بَانَ, (M, Mgh, Msb, K,) [aor. ـِ inf. n. بَيْنُونَةٌ and بُيُونٌ (M, Mgh, K) and بَيْنٌ, (M, K,) It (a thing) became separated, severed, disunited, or cut off, (M, Mgh, Msb, K,) عَنِ الشَّىْءِ from the thing. (Mgh.) And بَانَتْ, (M, K,) or بَانَتْ بِالطَّلَاقِ, (Msb,) She (a wife) became separated by divorce, (M, Msb, K,) عَنِ الرَّجُلِ from the man. (M, K.) And بَانَتٌ said of a girl, [She became separated from her parents by marriage;] she married: (ISh, T:) as though she became at a distance from the house of her father. (ISh, TA.) And بَانَ, (M,) or بَانَ بِمَالٍ, aor. ـِ (T,) inf. n. بُيُونٌ (T, M) and بَيْنٌ, (M,) He became separated from his father, or mother, or both, by property [which he received from him, or her, or them,] (Az, T, M,) to be his alone: (Az, T:) and ElFárisee states, on the authority of Az, that one] says also, بَانَ عَنْهُ and بَانَهُ [the former app. meaning he became separated thus from him, i. e., from his father; and the latter being syn. with

أَبَانَهُ, q. v.]. (M.) And بَانَ الخَلِيطُ, inf. n. بَيْنٌ and بَيْنُونَةٌ, [The partner, or copartner, or sharer, &c., became separated from the person, or persons, with whom he had been associated.] (T.) and بَانَتْ يَدُ النَّاقَةِ عَنْ جَنْبِهَا, inf. n. بُيُونٌ, [The fore leg of the she-camel became withdrawn, or apart, from her side.] (T.) And بَانَ, (S, M, Msb,) and بَانُوا, (K,) aor. ـِ (S,) inf. n. بَيْنٌ and بَيْنُونَةٌ, (S, M, Msb, K,) He separated himself, or it separated itself; (S; [in one copy of which it is said of a thing;]) and they separated themselves: (K:) or it (a tribe, M, Msb) went, journeyed, went away, or departed; and went, removed, retired, or withdrew itself, to a distance, or far away, or far off. (Msb.) b2: بَانَ, (T, S, M, &c.,) aor. ـِ (T, Msb,) inf. n. بَيَانٌ; (T, S, Mgh, K;) and ↓ ابان, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. إِبَانَةٌ; (T, Msb;) and ↓ بيّن, (T, S, M, &c.,) inf. n. تَبْيِينٌ; (S;) and ↓ تبيّن; and ↓ استبان; (T, S, M, &c.,) all signify the same; (T, M, Msb;) i. e. It (a thing, T, S, M, Mgh, or an affair, or a case, Msb) was, or became, [distinct, as though separate from others; and thus,] apparent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) and it was, or became, known. (K.) You say, بَانَ الحَقُّ [The truth became apparent, &c.; or known]; as also ↓ ابان. (T.) and الصُّبْحُ لِذِى عَيْنَيْنِ ↓ قَدْ بَيَّنَ The dawn has become apparent to him who has two eyes: a prov.: (S, M:) applied to a thing that becomes altogether apparent, or manifest. (Har p. 542.) And it is said in the Kur [ii. 257], الرُّشْدُ مِنَ الغَىِّ ↓ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ [The right belief hath become distinguished from error]. (TA.) and the lawyers, correctly, use the phrase, كَصَوْتٍ لَا مِنْهُ حُرُوفٌ ↓ يَسْتَبِينُ [Like a sound whereof letters are not distinguishable]. (Mgh.) b3: [It seems to be indicated in the TA that بَانَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. بَيْنٌ and بَيْنُونَةٌ, also signifies It was, or became, united, or connected; thus having two contr. meanings; but I have not found the verb used in this sense, though بَيْنٌ signifies both disunion and union.]

A2: بَانَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. بَيْنٌ: see بَانَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. بَوْنٌ, in art. بون.

A3: See also 2, in two places.2 بيّن, intrans., inf. n. تَبْيِينٌ: see 1, in two places. b2: You say also, بيّن الشَّجَرُ The trees, (K,) or the leaves of the trees, (TA,) appeared, when beginning to grow forth. (K, TA.) and بيّن القَرْنُ (tropical:) The horn came forth. (K, TA.) A2: بيّن بِنْتَهُ: see 4. b2: بيّنهُ, (T, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَبْيِينٌ (T, S) and ↓ تِبْيَانٌ (T, S, * K *) and تَبْيَانٌ; (K;) the second of which three is an anomalous inf. n., (T, S, K,) for by rule it should be of the measure تَفْعَالٌ; (T, S;) but تَبْيَانٌ is not known except accord. to the opinion of those who allow the authority of analogy, which opinion is outweighed by the contrary; (TA;) and تِبْيَانٌ is the only inf. n. of its measure except تِلْقَآءٌ, (T, S,) accord. to the generality of the leading authorities; but some add تِمْثَالٌ, as inf. n. of مَثَّلَ; and El-Hareeree adds to these two, in the Durrah, تِنْضَالٌ, as inf. n. of نَاضَلَهُ; and Esh-Shiháb adds, in the Expos. of the Durrah, تِشْرَابٌ, as inf. n. of شَرِبَ الخَمْرَ; asserting تَشْرَابٌ also to have been heard, agreeably with analogy; [and to these may be added تَبْكَآءٌ and تِمْشَآءٌ, and perhaps some other instances of the same kind;] but some disallow تِفْعَالٌ altogether as the measure of an inf. n., saying that the words transmitted as instances thereof are simple substs. used as inf. ns., like طَعَامٌ in the place of إِطْعَامٌ; (MF, TA;) and Sb says that تِبْيَانٌ is not an inf. n.; for, where it so, it would be تَبْيَانٌ; but it is, from بَيَّنْتُ, like غَارَةٌ from أَغَرْتُ; (M, TA;) [He made it distinct, as though separate from others; and thus,] he made it (namely, a thing, T, S, Mgh, or an affair, or a case, Msb) apparent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous; (S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ ابانهُ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِبَانَةٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ تبيّنهُ; (S, * Msb, K;) and ↓ استبانهُ: (Mgh, Msb, K:) [بيّنهُ is the most common in this sense: and often signifies he explained it: and he proved it:] and ↓ all these verbs signify also he made it known; he notified it: (K:) or ↓ اِسْتَبَنْتُهُ signifies, (S,) or signifies also, (Mgh,) I knew it, or became acquainted with it, [or distinguished it,] (S, Mgh,) clearly, or plainly; (Mgh;) and so ↓ تَبَيَّنْتُهُ; (S, * Mgh;) [and بَيَّنْتُهُ, as appears from an ex. in what follows, from a verse of En-Nábighah:] ↓ بِنْتُهُ and ↓ أَبَنْتُهُ and ↓ اِسْتَبَنْتُهُ and بَيَّنْتُهُ all signify the same as ↓ تَبَيَّنْتُهُ [app. in all the senses of this verb]: (M:) or, of all these verbs, ↓ بَانَ is only intrans.: (Msb:) and ↓ اِسْتَبَنْتُهُ signifies I looked at it, or into it, (namely, a thing,) considered it, examined it, or studied it, repeatedly, in order that it might become apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain, to me: (T, TA:) and ↓ تبيّنهُ he looked at it, or into it, (namely, an affair, or a case,) considered it, examined it, or studied it, repeatedly, or deliberately, in order to know its real state by the external signs thereof. (T.) A poet says, وَمَا خِفْتُ حَتَّى بَيَّنَ الشِّرْبُ وَالأَذَى

↓ بقَانِئَةٍ أَنِّى مِنَ الحَىِّ أَبْيَنُ [And I feared not until the drinking, or the time of drinking, and molestation, made manifest, or plainly showed, by a deep-red (sun), that I was separated from the tribe: see قَانِئٌ]. (M.) and it is said in the Kur [xvi. 91], وَأَنْزَلْنَا عَلَيْكَ الكِتَابَ تِبْيَانًا لِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ [And we have sent down to thee the Scripture to make manifest everything]; meaning, we make manifest to thee in the Scripture everything that thou and thy people require [to know] respecting matters of religion. (T.) See also بَيَانٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph. En-Nábighah says, إِلَّا الأَوَارِىَّ مَّا أُبَيِّنُهَا [Except the places of the confinement of the beasts: with difficulty did I distinguish them]; meaning ↓ أَتَبَيَّنُهَا. (S.) You say also, مَا ↓ تَبَيَّنَ يَأْتِيهِ, meaning He sought, or endeavoured, to see, or discover, what would happen to him, of good and evil. (M in art. بصر.) [See also 5, below.]

سَبِيلَ المُجْرِمِينَ ↓ وَلِتَسْتَبِينَ, in the Kur [vi. 55], means And that thou mayest the more consider, or examine, repeatedly, in order that it may become manifest to thee, the way of the sinners, O Mohammad: (T:) or that thou mayest seek, or endeavour, to see plainly, or clearly, &c.; syn. وَلِتَسْتَوْضِحَ سَبِيلَهُمْ: (Bd:) but most read, وَلِيَسْتَبِينَ سيبلُ المجرمين; the verb in this case being intrans. (T.) 3 باينهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُبَايَنَةٌ, (S,) He separated himself from him; or left, forsook, or abandoned, him: (S, TA:) or he forsook, or abandoned, him, being forsaken, or abandoned, by him; or cut him off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse, being so cut off by him; or cut him, or ceased to speak to him, being in like manner cut by him. (K.) [And It became separated from it.]4 ابان, intrans., inf. n. إِبَانَةٌ: see 1, in two places.

A2: ابانهُ, (inf. n. as above, TA,) He separated it, severed it, disunited it, or cut it off. (M, Msb, K, TA.) You say, ضَرَبَهُ فَأَبَانَ رَأْسَهُ (S, K) He smote him and severed his head, مِنْ جَسَدِهِ from his body. (S, TA.) And ابان المَرْأَةَ He (the husband) separated the woman, or wife, by divorce. (Msb.) And ابان بِنْتَهُ, and ↓ بيّنها, (T, K,) inf. n. of the former as above, and of the latter تَبْيِينٌ, (TA,) He married, or gave in marriage, his daughter, (T, K,) and she went to her husband: (T:) from بَيْنٌ signifying "distance:" as though he removed her to a distance from the house, or tent, of her mother. (TA.) And ابان ابْنَهُ بِمَالٍ, (M,) or ابانهُ أَبَوَاهُ, (T,) He separated from himself his son, (M,) or his two parents separated him from themselves, (T,) by [giving him] property, (T, M,) to be his alone: (T:) mentioned on the authority of Az. (T, M.) And ابان الدَّلْوَ عَنْ طِىِّ البِئْرِ He drew away the bucket from the casing of the well, lest the latter should lacerate the former. (M.) b2: See also 2, in three places. b3: [Hence, ابان signifies also He spoke, or wrote, perspicuously, clearly, plainly, or distinctly, as to meaning; or, with eloquence: from بَيَانٌ, q. v.] And ابان عَلَيْهِ He spoke perspicuously, clearly, plainly, or distinctly, and gave his testimony, or evidence, or gave decisive information, against him, or respecting it. (TA.) [The verb thus used is for ابان كَلَامَهُ, and شَهَادَتَهُ.] One says of a drunken man, مَا يُبِينُ كَلَامًا He does not speak plainly, or distinctly; lit., does not make speech plain, or distinct. (Ks, T in art. بت.) b4: [مَا أَبْيَنَهُ How distinct, apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain, is it! See an ex. voce بَسُلَ. b5: And How perspicuous, or chaste, or eloquent, is he in speech, or writing! how good is his بَيَان!]5 تبيّن, intrans.: see 1, in two places.

A2: As a trans. verb: see 2, in seven places. b2: [Hence, الأَمْرَ being understood,] He sought, or sought leisurely or repeatedly, to obtain knowledge [of the thing], until he knew [it]; he examined, scrutinized, or investigated: (Bd in xlix. 6:) he sought, or endeavoured, to make the affair, or case, manifest, and to settle it, or establish it, and was not hasty therein: (Idem in iv. 96:) or he acted, or proceeded, deliberately, or leisurely, in the affair, or case; not hastily: (Ks, TA:) or it has a signification like this: in the Kur ch. iv. v. 96 and ch. xlix. v. 6, some read فَتَبَيَّنُوا, and others فَتَثَبَّتُوا; and the meanings are nearly the same: التَّبَيُّنُ was said by Mohammad to be from God, and العَجَلَةٌ [i. e. "haste"] from the devil. (T.) 6 تباينا They two (namely, two men, and two copartners,) became separated, each from the other: (M, TA:) or they forsook, or abandoned, each other; or cut each other off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; or cut, or ceased to speak to, each other. (K.) And تباينوا They, having been together, became separated: (Msb:) or they forsook, or abandoned, one another; or cut one another off from friendly or loving communion or intercourse; or cut, or ceased to speak to, one another. (S.) b2: [Hence, They two were dissimilar: and they two (namely, words,) were disparate; whether contraries or not: and they two (namely, numbers,) were incommensurable.]10 استبان, intrans.: see 1.

A2: As a trans. verb: see 2, in six places.

بَانٌ a coll. gen. n.: n. un. with ة: see art. بون.

بَيْنٌ has two contr. significations; (T, S, Msb;) one of which is Separation, or disunion [of companions or friends or lovers]. (T, S, M, Msb, K.) Hence, ذَاتُ البَيْنِ as meaning Enmity, and vehement hatred: and the saying لِإِصْلَاحِ ذَاتِ البَيْنِ, i. e. For the reforming, or amending, of the bad, or corrupt, state subsisting between the people, or company of men; meaning for the allaying of the discord, enmity, rancour, or vehement hatred: (Msb:) [but this has also the contr. meaning, as will be seen below: and it is explained as having a vague import; for it is said that] فِى إِصْلَاحِ ذَاتِ البَيْنِ means In the reforming, or amending, of the circumstances subsisting between the persons to whom it relates, by frequent attention thereto. (Mgh.) [Hence also,] غُرَابُ البَيْنِ [The raven of separation or disunion; i. e., whose appearance, or croak, is ominous of separation: said by some to be] the غراب termed أَبْقَعُ [i. e. in which is blackness and whiteness; or having whiteness in the breast]; (S, K;) so described by the poet 'Antarah: (S:) or that which is red in the beak and legs; but the black is called الحَاتِمُ, because it makes [or shows] separation to be absolutely unavoidable, (Abu-1-Ghowth, S, K,) according to the assertion of the Arabs, i. e., by its croak: (Msb in art. حتم:) [or it is any species of the corvus:] Hamzeh says, in his Proverbs, that this name attaches to the غراب because, when the people of an abode go away to seek after herbage, it alights in the place of their tents, searching the sweepings: (Har p. 308:) but accord. to the Kádee of Granada, Aboo-'Abd-Allah Esh-Shereef, this appellation, so often occurring in poetry, properly signifies camels that transport people from one district, or country, to another; and he cites the following verses: غَلِطَ الَّذِينَ رَأَيْتُهُمْ بِجَهَالَةٍ

يَلْحَوْنَ كُلُّهُمُ غُرَابًا يَنْعَقُ مَا الذَّنْبُ إِلَّا لِلْأَبَاعِرِ إِنَّهَا مِمَّا يُشَتِّتُ جَمْعَهُمْ وَيُقَرِّقُ

إِنَّ الغُرَابَ بِيُمْنِهِ تُدْنُو النَّوَى

وَتُشَتِّتُ الشَّمْلَ الجَمِيعَ الأَيْنُقُ [Those have erred whom I have seen, with ignorance, all of them blaming a raven croaking: the fault is not imputable save to the camels; for they are of the things that scatter and disperse their congregation: verily the place that is the object of a journey is brought near by the raven's lucky omen; but the she-camels discompose the united state]: and Ibn-'Abd-Rabbih says, زَعَقَ الغُرَابُ فَقُلْتُ أَكْذَبُ طَائِرٍ

إِن لَّمْ يُصَدِّقْهُ رُغَآءُ بَعِيرِ [The raven cried; and I said, A most lying bird, if the grumbling cry of a camel on the occasion of his being laden do not verify it]. (TA in art. غرب.) b2: Also Distance, (S, M, Msb, K,) by the space, or interval, between two things. (Msb.) You say, بَيْنَ البَلَدَيْنِ بَيْنٌ Between the two countries, or towns, &c., is a distance, of space, or interval: (Msb:) and بَيْنَهُمَا بَيْنٌ Between them two is a distance, with ى when corporeal distance is meant: (Idem in art. بون:) or إِنَّ بَيْنَهُمَا لَبَيْنٌ [Verily between them two is a distance], not otherwise, in the case of [literal] distance. (S.) And you say also, بَيْنَهُمَا بَيْنٌ بَعِيدٌ (T in art. بون, S, M *) and بَوْنٌ بَعِيدٌ (T in art. بون, S, M, * Msb * in art. بون) Between them two [meaning two men] is a [wide] distance; (M;) i. e. between their two degrees of rank or dignity, or between the estimations in which they are commonly held: (Msb in art. بون:) in this case, the latter is the more chaste. (S.) You also say, [using بين to denote An interval of time,] لَقِيتُهُ بُعَيْدَاتِ بَيْنٍ

[I met him after, or a little after, an interval, or intervals,] when you have met him after a while, and then withheld yourself from him, and then come to him. (S, M, K. See also بَعْدُ.]) A2: Also Union [of companions or friends or lovers]; (T, S, M, Msb, K;) the contr. of the first of the significations mentioned above in this paragraph. (T, S, Msb.) [Hence ذَاتُ البَيْنِ as meaning The state of union or concord or friendship or love subsisting between a people or between two parties; this being likewise the contr. of a signification assigned to the same expression above: whence the phrase, إِفْسَادُ ذَاتِ البَيْنِ (occurring in the S and K in art. ابر, and often elsewhere,) The marring, or disturbance, of the state of union or concord &c.: and] hence the saying, سَعَى فُلَانٌ لِإِصْلَاحِ ذَاتِ البَيْنِ مِنْ عَشِيرَتِهِ [Such a one laboured for the improving of the state of union or concord &c. of his kinsfolk; but in this instance, the meaning given in the second sentence of this paragraph seems to be more appropriate]. (Ham p. 569.) b2: ذَاتُ بَيْنِهِمْ may also be used as meaning The vacant space (سَاحَة) that is between their houses, or tents. (Ham p. 195.) A3: بَيْن is also an adverbial noun, [as such written بَيْنَ,] (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) capable of being used as a noun absolutely: (M, K:) it relates only to that which has space, as a country; or to that which has some number, either two or more, as two men, and a company of men; and denotes [intervention in] the interval between two things, or the middle, or midst, of two things, (Er-Rághib, TA,) or the middle of a collective number: (S:) [thus it signifies Between, and amidst, and among:] its meaning is [therefore] vague, not apparent unless it is prefixed to two or more [words, or to a word signifying two or more], or to what supplies the place of such a complement: (Msb:) it must necessarily be prefixed, and may not be otherwise than in the manners just explained: (Mgh:) [i. e.] it may not be prefixed to any noun but such as denotes more than one, or to a noun that has another conjoined to it by و, (M,) not by any other conjunction, (M, Msb,) acc0ord. to the usage commonly obtaining. (Msb.) You say بَيْنَ الرَّجُلَيْنِ [Between the two men]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and المَالُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [The property is between the company of men]: (M, Msb, Er-Rághib: *) and المَالُ بَيْنَ زَيْدٍ وَعَمْرٍو [The property is between Zeyd and 'Amr]: and هُوَ بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهُ [He, or it, is between me and him]: (M:) and جَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ I sat in the middle of [or amidst or among] the company of men: (S, K:) and بَيْنَكُمَا البَعِيرَ فَخُذَاهُ, with البعير in the accus. case, [See between you two the camel, therefore take him], a saying heard by Ks: (Lin art. عند:) and فَسَدَ مَا بَيْنَهُمْ [The state subsisting among them became bad, or marred, or disturbed]: (S and K in art. ميط:) and بَيْنَ الأَيَّامِ (M and K in art. ندر) and فِيمَا بَيْنَ الأَيَّامِ (S and Msb in that art.) [In, or during, the space of (several) days]: and عَوَانٌ بَيْنَ ذٰلِكَ, in the Kur [ii. 63], is an ex. of its being prefixed to a single word supplying the place of more than one; (Mgh, Msb;) the meaning being, Of middle age, between that which has been mentioned; namely, the فَارِض and the بِكْر. (Bd.) Some allow that two words to the former of which بَيْنَ is prefixed may be connected by فَ, citing as an evidence the phrase used by Imra-el-Keys, بَيْنَ الدَّخُولِ فَحَوْمَلِ [as though meaning Between Ed-Dakhool and Howmal]: but to this it has been replied that الدخول is a name applying to several places; so that the phrase [means amidst Ed-Dakhool &c., and] is similar to the saying, المَالُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ [mentioned above, or جَلَسْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ, also mentioned above]. (Msb.) [You say also, بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ, and بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيْهِمْ

&c., meaning In the midst of them. (See art. ظهر.) And بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ, and بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِمْ, meaning Before him, and before them. بَيْن is also often used absolutely as a noun: thus it is in the Kur lxxxvi. 7, يَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْنِ الصُّلْبِ وَالتَّرَائِبِ Coming forth from between, or amidst, the spine and the breast-bones: and in xxxvi. 8 of the same, وَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ بَيْنِ أَيْديهِمْ سَدًّا And we have placed before them (lit. between their hands) a barrier.] It is said in the Kur [vi. 94], لَقَدْ تَقَطَّعَ بَيْنُكُمْ, as some read; or بَيْنَكُمْ, as others: (T, S, M:) the former means Verily your union hath become dissevered: (AA, T, S, M:) the latter, that which was between you; (مَا بَيْنَكُمْ, Ibn-Mes'ood, T, S, or الَّذِى كَانَ بَيْنَكُمْ, IAar, T;) or the state wherein ye were, in respect of partnership among you: (Zj, T:) or the state of circumstances, or the bond, or the love, or affection, [formerly subsisting] among you, or between you; or, accord. to Akh, بَيْنَكُمْ, though in the accus. case as to the letter, is in the nom. case as to the place, by reason of the verb, and the adverbial termination is retained only because the word is commonly used as an adv. n.: (M:) AHát disapproved of the latter reading; but wrongly, because what is suppressed accord. to this reading is implied by what precedes in the same verse. (T.) b2: [It is often used as a partitive, or distributive; as also مَا بَيْنَ: for ex.,] you say, هُمْ بَيْنَ حَاذِفٍ وَقَاذِفٍ, (S and TA in art. قذف,) or هُمْ مَا بَيْنَ حَاذفٍ وقاذفٍ, (TA in art. حذف,) i. e. [They are partly, or in part,] beating with the staff, or stick, and [partly, or in part,] pelting with stones; [or some beating &c., and the others pelting &c.] (S and TA, both in art. قذف, and the latter in art. حذف.) [See also an ex. in a verse cited voce خَيْطَةٌ.] b3: هٰذَا بَيْنَ بَيْنَ means This (namely, a thing, S, or a commodity, Msb) is between good and bad: (S, Msb, K:) or of a middling, or middle, sort: (M:) these two words being two nouns made one, and indecl., with fet-h for their terminations, (S, Msb, K,) like خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ. (Msb.) الهَمْزَةُ المُخَفَّفَةُ [i. e. the hemzeh uttered lightly] is called هَمْزَةٌ بَيْنَ بَيْنَ, (S, M, K, *) i. e. A hemzeh that is between the hemzeh and the soft letter whence is its vowel; (S, M;) or هَمْزَةُ بَيْنِ بَيْنٍ, the first بين with kesreh but without tenween, and the second with tenween, (Sharh Shudhoor edh-Dhahab,) [i. e. the hemzeh &c.:] if it is with fet-h, it is between the hemzeh and the alif, as in سَاَلَ, (S, M,) for سَأَلَ; (M;) if with kesr, it is between the hemzeh and the yé, as in سَيِمَ, (S, M,) for سَئِمَ; (M;) and if with damm, it is between the hemzeh and the wáw, as in لَوُمَ, (S, M,) for لَؤُمَ: (M:) it is never at the beginning of a word, because of its nearness, by reason of feebleness, to the letter that is quiescent, (S, M,) though, notwithstanding this, it is really movent: (S:) it is thus called because it is weak, (Sb, S, M,) not having the power of the hemzeh uttered with its proper sound, nor the clearness of the letter whence is its vowel. (M.) 'Obeyd Ibn-El-Abras says, تَحْمِى حَقِيقَتَنَا وَبَعْ ضُ القَوْمِ يَسْقُطُ بَيْنَ بَيْنَا i. e. [Thou defendest what we ought to defend, or our banner, or standard, while some of the people, or company of men,] fall, one after another, in a state of weakness, not regarded as of any account: (S:) or it is as though he said, between these and these; like a man who enters between two parties in some affair, and falls, or slips, or commits a mistake, and is not honourably mentioned in relation to it: so says Seer: (IB, TA:) or between entering into fight and holding back from it; as when one says, Such a one puts forward a foot, and puts back another. (TA.) b4: ↓ بَيْنَا and ↓ بَيْنَمَا are of the number of inceptive حُرُوف: (M, K:) this is clear if by حروف is meant "words:" that they have become particles, no one says: they are still adv. ns.: (MF, TA:) the former is بَيْنَ with its [final] fet-hah rendered full in sound; and hence the ا; (Mughnee in the section next after that of وا, and K;) [i. e.,] it is of the measure فَعْلَى [or فَعْلَا] from البَيْن, the [final] fet-hah being rendered full in sound, and so becoming ا; and the latter is بَيْنَ with مَا [restrictive of its government] added to it; and both have the same meaning [of While, or whilst]: (S:) or the ا in the former is the restrictive ا; or, as some say, it is a portion of the restrictive ما [in the latter]: (Mughnee ubi suprà:) and these do not exclude بَيْنَ from the category of nouns, but only cut it off from being prefixed to another noun: (MF, TA:) they are substitutes for that to which بَيْنَ would otherwise be prefixed: (Mgh:) some say that these two words are adv. ns. of time, denoting a thing's happening suddenly, or unexpectedly; and they are prefixed to a proposition consisting of a verb and an agent, or an inchoative and enunciative; so that they require a complement to complete the meaning. (TA.) One says, بَيْنَا نَحْنُ كَذٰلِكَ إِذْ حَدَثَ كَذَا [While we were in such a state as that, lo, or there, or then, such a thing happened, or came to pass]: (M, Mgh, * K: *) and بَيْنَمَا نَحْنُ كَذَا [While we were thus]: (Mgh:) and بَيْنَا نَحْنُ نَرْقُبُهُ أَتَانَا [While we were looking, or waiting, for him, he came to us]; (S, M;) a saying of a poet, cited by Sb; (M;) the phrase being elliptical; (S, M;) meaning بَيْنَ أَوْقَاتِ نَحْنُ نَرْقُبُهُ, (M,) i. e., بَيْنَ

أَوْقَاتِ رِقْبَتِنَا إِيَّاهُ [between the times of our looking, or waiting, for him]. (S, M.) As used to put nouns following بَيْنَا in the gen. case when بَيْنَ might properly supply its place; as in the saying (of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, which he thus recited, with kesr, S), بَيْنَا تَعَنُّقِهِ الكُمَاةَ وَرَوْغِهِ يَوْمًا أُتِيحَ لَهُ جَرِىْءٌ سَلْفَعُ [Amid his embracing the courageous armed men, and his guileful eluding, one day a bold, daring man was appointed for him, to slay him]: (S, K:) in [some copies of] the K, تَعَنُّفِهِ; but in the Deewán [of the Hudhalees], تعنّقه: [in the Mughnee, ubi suprà, تَعَانُقِهِ:] the meaning is بَيْنَ تَعَانُقِهِ; the ا being added to give fulness to the sound of the [final] vowel: (TA:) As used to say that the ا is here redundant: (Skr, TA:) others put the nouns following both بَيْنَا and بَيْنَمَا in the nom. case, as the inchoative and enunciative. (Skr, S, K.) Mbr says that when the noun following بينا is a real subst., it is put in the nom. case as an inchoative; but when it is an inf. n., or a noun of the inf. kind, it is put in the gen., and بينا in this instance has the meaning of بَيْنَ: and Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà says the like, but some persons of chaste speech treat the latter kind of noun like the former: after بينما, however, each kind of noun must be in the nom. case. (AA, T.) [See an ex. in a verse cited towards the end of art. اذ.]

بَيْنَا see بَيْنٌ بَيْنَمَا see بَيْنٌ بِينٌ A separation, or division, (T, M, K,) between two things, (T,) or between two lands; (M, K;) as when there is a rugged place, with sands near it, and between the two is a tract neither rugged nor plain: (T:) an elevation in rugged ground: (M, K:) the extent to which the eye reaches, (T, M, K,) of a road, (T,) or of land: (M:) a piece of land extending as far as the eye reaches: (T, S:) and a region, tract, or quarter: (AA, T, M, K:) pl. بُيُونٌ. (S, TA.) بَيَانٌ is originally the inf. n. of بَانَ as syn. with تَبَيَّنَ, and so signifies The being [distinct or] apparent &c.; (Kull;) or it is a subst. in this sense: (Msb:) or a subst. from بَيَّنَ, [and so signifies the making distinct or apparent &c.,] being like سَلَامٌ and كَلَامٌ from سَلَّمَ and كَلَّمَ. (Kull.) b2: Hence, conventionally, (Kull,) The means by which one makes a thing [distinct,] apparent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous: (S, Er-Rághib, TA, Kull:) this is of two kinds: one is [a circumstantial indication or evidence; or] a thing indicating, or giving evidence of, a circumstance, or state, that is a result, or an effect, of a quality or an attribute: the other is a verbal indication or evidence, either spoken or written: [see also بَيِّنَةٌ:] it is also applied to language that discovers and shows the meaning that is intended: and an explanation of confused and vague language: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the eduction of a thing from a state of dubiousness to a state of clearness: or making the meaning apparent to the mind so that it becomes distinct from other meanings and from what might be confounded with it. (TA.) b3: Also Perspicuity, clearness, distinctness, chasteness, or eloquence, of speech or language: (T, S:) or simply perspicuity thereof: (Har p. 2:) or perspicuity of speech with quickness, or sharpness, of intellect: (M, K:) or perspicuous, or chaste, or eloquent, speech, declaring, or telling plainly, what is in the mind: (Ksh, TA:) or the showing of the intent, or meaning, with the most eloquent expression: it is an effect of understanding, and of sharpness, or quickness, of mind, with perspicuity, or chasteness, or eloquence, of speech: (Nh, TA:) or a faculty, or principles, [or a science,] whereby one knows how to express [with perspicuity of diction] one meaning in various forms: (Kull:) [some of the Arabs restrict the science of البيان to what concerns comparisons and tropes and metonymies; which last the Arabian rhetoricians distinguish from tropes: and some make it to include rhetoric altogether:] Esh-Shereeshee says, in his Expos. of the Maká-mát [of El-Hareeree] that the difference between بَيَانٌ and ↓ تِبْيَانٌ is this: that the former denotes perspicuity of meaning; and the latter, the making the meaning to be understood; and the former is to another person, and the latter to oneself; but sometimes the latter is used in the sense of the former: (TA:) or the former is the act of the tongue, and the latter is the act of the mind: (Har p. 2:) or the former concerns the verbal expression, and the latter concerns the meaning. (Kull.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ مِنَ البَيَانِ سِحْرًا (S) or لَسِحْرًا (TA) [Verily there is a kind of eloquence that is enchantment: see this explained in art. سحر]. The saying in the Kur [lv. 2 and 3], خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ عَلَّمَهُ الْبَيَانَ means He hath created the Prophet: He hath taught him the Kur-án wherein is the manifestation of everything [needful to be known]: or He hath created Adam, or man as meaning all mankind: He hath [taught him speech, and so] made him to discriminate, and thus to be distinguished from all [other] animals:(Zj, T:) or He hath taught him that whereby he is distinguished from other animals, namely, the declaration of what is in the mind, and the making others to understand what he has perceived, for the reception of inspiration, and the becoming acquainted with the truth, and the learning of the law. (Bd.) b4: It is also applied to Verbosity, and the going deep, or being extravagant, in speech, and affecting to be perspicuous, or chaste, therein, or eloquent, and pretending to excel others therein; or some بيان is thus termed; and is blamed in a trad., as a kind of hypocrisy; as though it were a sort of self-conceit and pride. (TA.) بِئْرٌ بَيُونٌ A well of which the rope does not strike against the sides, because its interior is straight: or that is wide in the upper part, and narrow in the lower: or in which the drawer of water makes the rope to be aloof from its sides, because of its crookedness: (T:) or deep and wide; (S, K;) because the ropes are wide apart from its sides; (S;) as also ↓ بَائِنَةٌ: (S, TA:) or that is wide between the two [opposite] sides: (M:) pl. [regularly of the latter epithet] بَوَائِنُ. (T, S.) بَيِّنٌ [Distinct, as though separate from others; and thus,] apparent, manifest, evident, clear, plain, or perspicuous; (T, S, Msb, K;) as also ↓ بَائِنٌ (T) and ↓ مُبِينٌ: (T, S:) pl. [of mult.] أَبْيِنَآءُ (S, K) and [of pauc.] بَيِنَةٌ. (K.) Hence, الكِتَابُ

↓ المُبِينٌ [as applied to the Kur, q. v. in xii. 1, &c.,] The clear, plain, or perspicuous, book or writing or scripture: or, as some say, this means the book &c. that makes manifest all that is required [to be known]: (T:) or, of which the goodness and the blessing are made manifest: or, that makes manifest the truth as distinguished from falsity, and what is lawful as distinguished from what is unlawful, and that the prophetic office of Mohammad is true, and so are the narratives relating to the prophets: (Zj, T:) or, that makes manifest the right paths as distinguished from the wrong. (M, TA.) And كَلَامٌ بَيِّنٌ Perspicuous, clear, distinct, chaste, or eloquent, language. (T.) b2: A man, or thing, bearing evidence of a quality &c. that he, or it, possesses. (S and K and other Lexicons passim.) b3: A man (M) perspicuous, or clear, or distinct, in speech or language; or chaste therein; or eloquent; (ISh, T, M, K;) fluent, elegant, and elevated, in speech, and having little hesitation therein: (ISh, T:) pl. أَبْيِنَآءُ (T, M, K) and بُيَنَآءُ and [of pauc.]

أَبْيَانٌ: (Lh, M, K:) the second of these pls. is anomalous: the last is formed by likening فَعِيلٌ to فَاعِلٌ: [for بَيِّنٌ is a contraction of بَيِينٌ:] but the pl. most agreeable with analogy is بَيِّنُونَ: so says Sb. (M.) بَيِّنَةٌ An evidence, an indication, a demonstration, a proof, a voucher, or an argument, (Mgh, TA,) such as is manifest, or. clear, whether intellectual or perceived by sense; (TA;) [originally بَيِينَةٌ,] of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ, from بَيْنُونَةٌ, [see 1, first sentence,] and بَيَانٌ [q. v.]: (Mgh:) and the testimony of a witness: pl. بَيِّنَاتٌ. (TA.) بَائِنٌ In a state of separation or disunion; or separated, severed, disunited, or cut off; (M, * Msb;) as also ↓ أَبْيَنُ, occurring in a verse cited above, voce بَيِّنَ. [Hence,] اِمْرَأَةٌ بَائِنٌ A woman separated from her husband by divorce; (M, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مُبَانَةٌ: the former without ة: (Msb:) like طَالِقٌ and حَائِضٌ: you say [to a wife] أَنْتِ بَائِنٌ [Thou art separated from me by divorce.] (Mgh.) b2: طَلَاقٌ بَائِنٌ is a tropical phrase; and so is طَلْقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ; (Mgh;) [signifying the same as] تَطْلِيقَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ (S, M, Msb, K) (tropical:) A divorce that is [as it were] cut off; i. q. ↓ مُبَانَةٌ [in the second and third of these phrases, and ↓ مُبَانٌ in the first]: (ISk, Msb:) بائنة being here used in the sense of a pass. part. n.: (S, Sgh, Msb:) or it [is a possessive epithet, and thus] means having separation: this kind of divorce is one in the case of which the man cannot take back the woman unless by a new contract; (TA;) nor without her consent. (MF in art. بت.) b3: قَوْسٌ بَائِنَةٌ, (S, M, K,) and بَائِنٌ, (M, K,) A bow that is widely separate from its string: (S, M, K:) contr. of بَانِيَةٌ; (S, M;) this signifying one that is so near to its string as almost to stick to it: (S:) each of these denotes what is a fault. (S, M.) b4: بِئْرٌ بَائِنَةٌ: see بَيُونٌ. b5: نَخْلَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ A palm-tree of which the racemes have come forth from the spathes, and of which the fruit-stalks have grown long. (AHn, M.) b6: البَائِنُ also signifies He who comes to the milch beast [meaning the she-camel, when she is to be milked,] from her left side; (S, K;) and المُعَلِّى, he who comes to her from her right side: (S:) or the former, he who stands on the right of the she-camel when she is milked, and holds the milking-vessel, and raises it to the milker, who stands on her left, and is called المُسْتَعْلِى: (T:) two persons are engaged in milking the she-camel; one of them holds the milking-vessel on the right side, and the other milks on the left side; and the milker is called المُسْتَعْلِى and المُعَلِّى; and the holder, البائن: (M:) pl. بُيَّنٌ. (T.) It is said in a prov., اِسْتُ البَائِنِ أَعْرَفُ, or, as some say, أَعْلَمُ; meaning (assumed tropical:) He who has superintended an affair, and exercised himself diligently in the management thereof, is better acquainted with it than he who has not done this. (T. [See Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. 606.]) b7: طَوِيلٌ بَائِنٌ Excessively tall, far above the stature of tall men. (TA.) A2: See also بَيِّنٌ.

طَلَبَ إِلَى أَبَوَيْهِ البَائِنَةَ He asked, or begged, of his two parents, the separation of himself from them, by [their giving him] property, (Az, T, M,) to be his alone. (T.) أَبْيَنُ: see بَائِنٌ.

A2: فُلَانٌ أَبْيَنُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ Such a one is more perspicuous, clear, distinct, chaste, or eloquent, in speech or language, than such a one. (S, TA.) تِبْيَانٌ an anomalous inf. n. (T, S, K) of 2, q. v.: (T:) or a subst. used as an inf. n.; (MF, TA;) i. e., a subst. from 2. (Sb, M, TA.) See بَيَانٌ.

مُبَانٌ; and its fem., with ة: see بَائِنٌ, in three places.

مُبِينٌ Separating, severing, disuniting, or cutting off; (S, K;) as also مُبْيِنٌ, like مُحْسِنٌ: (K:) but [the right reading in the K may be وَمُبِينٌ كَمُحْسِنٍ, meaning "and مُبِينٌ is like مُحْسِنٌ:" if not,] مُبْيِنٌ is a mistake. (TA.) A2: See also بَيِّنٌ, in two places.

مَبَايِنُ الحَقِّ [in which the former word is app. pl. of مُبِينَةٌ] signifies The things that make the truth to be apparent, manifest, evident, clear, or plain; or the means of making it so; syn. مَوَاضِحُهُ. (TA.)

درك

1 دَرَكَ, from which should be derived دَرَاكِ and دَرَّاكٌ, is unused, though its noun درك [i. e. دَرْكٌ or دَرَكٌ, which latter (the more common of the two) see below,] is used. (IB.) [دَرَكَ in Golius's Lex. is evidently a mistranscription for دَارَكَ.]2 تَدْرِيكٌ The dropping of rain with close consecutiveness, (IAar, K, TA,) as though one portion thereof overtook another. (IAar, TA.) You say, درّك المَطَرُ The rain dropped with close consecutiveness. (TK.) b2: Also The hanging a rope upon the neck of a person in coupling him with another. (AA.) 3 دِرَاكٌ The making one part, or portion, of a thing, (K, TA,) whatever it be, (TA,) to follow another uninterruptedly; (K, TA;) as also مُدَارَكَةٌ: (TA:) both [are inf. ns. of دارك, and] signify the same [i. e. the continuing, or carrying on, a thing uninterruptedly]: (S:) مُدَارَكَةٌ is when there are no intervals between things following one another; like مُوَاصَلَةٌ: otherwise it is مُوَاتَرَةٌ. (S and K in art. وتر.) You say, of a man, دارك صَوْتَهُ He continued his voice uninterruptedly. (S, TA.) b2: Also A horse's overtaking, or coming up with, wild animals (K, TA) &c. (TA.) You say, of a horse, دارك الوَحْشَ, inf. n. دِرَاكٌ, He overtook, or come up with, the wild animals. (TK.) [Thus it is syn. with ادرك.]

b3: In the saying, لَا بَارَكَ اللّٰهُ فِيهِ وَلَا دَارَكَ, (S, K, * TA,) it is an imitative sequent: (K, TA:) all these verbs have one and the same meaning. (S, TA. [See تَارَكَ.]) 4 ادركهُ, (S Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِدْرَاكٌ (S, Msb) and مُدْرَكٌ, (Msb,) He, or it, attained, reached, overtook, or came up with, him, or it: (S, K, TA:) or sought, or pursued, and attained, reached, &c., him, or it: (Msb:) [داركهُ, also, signifies the same, as shown above:] and ↓ تداركهُ, likewise, [of which اِدَّراَكَهُ is a variation,] is syn. with ادركهُ; (Jel in lxviii. 49, and KL, * and TA; *) and so is ↓ اِدَّرَكَهُ. (TA.) You say, أَدْرَكْتُ الرَّجُلَ and ↓ اِدَّرَكْتُهُ [I attained, reached, overtook, or came up with, the man]. (IJ, TA.) And مَشَيْتُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكْتُهُ I walked, or went on foot, until I overtook him, or came up with him. (S, TA.) And عِشْتُ حَتَّى أَدْرَكْتُ زَمَانَهُ I lived until I attained, or reached, his time. (S, TA.) And أَدْرَكْتُ الفَائِتَ [I attained, &c., that which was passing away]. (Mgh.) and ادركهُ بِمَكْرُوهٍ [He overtook him, or visited him, with some displeasing, or abominable, or evil, action]. (M and K in art. وتر. See also 6, in the latter half of the paragraph, in two places: and see 10, first sentence.) And أَدْرَكَنِى الجَهْدُ [Difficulty, or distress, &c., overtook me, ensued to me, or came upon me]; a phrase similar to بَلَغَنِى

الكِبَرُ in the Kur [iii. 35]: and so أَدْرَكْتُ الجَهْدَ [I came to experience difficulty, &c.]; like بَلَغْتُ مِنَ الكِبَرِ عُتِيًا in the Kur [xix. 9]. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. بلغ.) b2: [Hence, He attained, obtained, or acquired, it; and so ↓ تداركهُ, as is shown in the KL; so too ادرك بِهِ, for one says,] ادرك بِدَمِهِ [He obtained revenge, or retaliation, for his blood]. (S in art. وتر.) b3: [Hence also, He perceived it; attained a knowledge of it by any of the senses.] You say, أَدْرَكْتُهُ بِبَصَرِى [I perceived it by my sight;] I saw it. (S, TA.) لَا تُدْرِكُهُ الأَبْصَارُ, in the Kur [vi. 103], means, accord. to some, The eyes [perceive him not]: accord. to others, the mental perception comprehendeth not [or attaineth not the knowledge of] the real nature of his hallowed essence. (TA.) You say also, ادرك عِلْمِى, meaning My knowledge comprehended that such a thing was a fact. (TA.) b4: [Hence likewise, as an intrans. v., or a trans. v. of which the objective complement is understood,] ادرك also signifies [He attained a knowledge of the uttermost of a thing; or] his knowledge attained the uttermost of a thing. (TA.) See also 6, in the former half of the paragraph, in two places. b5: Also It (a thing) attained its proper time: (Msb, K:) it attained its final time or state, or its utmost point or degree. (K.) [He (a boy, and a beast,) attained his perfect, ripe, or mature, state; and in like manner ادركت is said of a girl: or it is like ادرك as meaning] he (a boy) attained to puberty, (S, Msb,) or to the utmost term of youth. (TA.) It (fruit) attained to ripeness, or maturity; became ripe, or mature; (S Msb;) attained its time, and its utmost degree of ripeness or maturity. (T, TA.) And ادركت القِدْرُ The cooking-pot attained its proper time [for the cooking of its contents]. (TA.) And ادركت الخَمْرُ [The wine became mature]. (Msb and K in art. خمر.) and ادرك مَآءُ الرَّكِيَّةِ The water of the well reached its دَرَك, i. e. its bottom (Aboo-' Adnán, TA.) b6: Also It passed away and came to an end; came to nought; became exhausted; or failed entirely: (S, K:) said in this sense of flour, or meal: (S:) and thus it has been explained as used in the Kur [xxvii. 68], where it is said, [accord. to one reading,] بَلْ أَدْرَكَ عِلْمُهُمْ فِى الآخِرَةِ [Nay, their knowledge hath entirely failed respecting the world to come]. (TA. [See also 6.]) Sh mentions this signification as heard by him on no other authority than that of Lth; and Az asserts it to be incorrect: but it has been authorized by more than one of the leading lexicologists, and the language of the Arabs does not forbid it; for it is said of flour, or meal, and in this case can only mean it came to its end, and entirely failed, or became exhausted; and fruits, when they are ripe (إِذَا أَدْرَكْتْ) are exposed to coming to nought, and so is everything that has attained to its extreme term; so that the signification of “ coming to nought ” is one of the necessary adjuncts of the meaning of إِدْرَاكٌ. (TA.) [In like manner,] ↓ اِدَّرَكَ signifies It (a thing) continued uninterruptedly and then come to nought: (IJ, TA:) and agreeably with this signification is explained the saying in the Kur [xxvi. 61], إِنَّا لَمُدَّرِكُونَ [Verily we are coming to nought, by those who read thus instead of لَمُدْرَكُونَ being overtaken]. (TA.) b7: You say also, ادرك الثَّمَنُ المُشْتَرِىَ, meaning [The payment of] the price was, or became, obligatory on the purchaser: this is an ideal reaching, or overtaking. (Msb.) 6 تدّاركوا i. q. تلاحقوا (S) [i. e.] They attained, reached, overtook, or came up with, one another; as also اِدَّارَكُوا, and ↓ اِدَّرَكُوا; (Sh, TA;) [or] the last of them attained, reached, overtook, or came up with, the first of them. (S Msb, K, TA.) Hence, in the Kur [vii. 36], (S,) حَتَّى إِذَا ادَّارَكُوا فِيهَا جَمِيعًا [Until, when they have overtaken one another, or have successively arrived, therein, all together]: originally تَدَارَكُوا. (S, K. *) And تدارك الثَّرِيَانَ [The two moistures reached each other; (like اِلْتَقَى الثَّرَيَانِ;) meaning] the moisture of the rain reached the moisture of the earth. (S.) b2: And [hence] تدارك signifies [It continued, or was carried on, uninterruptedly; it was closely consecutive in its parts, or portions;] one part, or portion, of it, followed, or was made to follow, another uninterruptedly; said of anything. (TA.) You say, تدارك السَّيْرُ [The course, or pace, or journeying, continued uninterruptedly]. (S and TA in art. حفد, &c.) And تداركت الأَخْبَارُ The tidings followed one another closely. (TA.) b3: [Hence, when said of knowledge, meaning, accord. to Fr, It continued unbroken in its sequence or concatenation.] بَلِ ادَّرَاكَ عِلْمُهُمْ فِى الآخِرَةِ (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxvii. 68], (TA,) [virtually] meansNay, they have no knowledge respecting the world to come: (K, TA:) or, as IJ says, their knowledge is hasty, and slight, and not on a sure footing, &c.: Az says that AA read بَلْ أَدْرَكَ [of which an explanation has been given above (see 4)]: that I'Ab is related to have read ↓ بَلَىآأَدْرَكَ [&c., i. e. Yea, hath their knowledge reached its end &c.?], as interrogatory, and without tesh-deed: and that, accord. to the reading بل ادّراك Fr says that the proper meaning is, [Nay,] hath their knowledge continued unbroken so as to extend to the knowledge of the world to come, whether it will be or not be? wherefore is added, بَلْ هُمْ فِى شَكٍّ مِنْهَا بَلْ هُمْ مِنْهَا عَمُونَ: he says also that Ubeí read, أَمْ تَدَارَكَ; and that the Arabs substitute بَلْ for أَمْ, and أَمْ for بَلْ, when a passage begins with an interrogation: but this explanation of Fr is not clear; the meaning is [said to be] their knowledge shall be unbroken and concurrent [respecting the world to come] when the resurrection shall have become a manifest event, and they shall have found themselves to be losers; and the truth of that wherewith they have been threatened shall appear to them when their knowledge thereof will not profit them: accord. to Aboo-Mo'ádh the Grammarian, the readings ↓ بَلْ أَدْرَكَ &c. and بَلِ ادَّارَكَ &c. mean the same; i. e. they shall know in the world to come; like the saying in the Kur [xix. 39], أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْ وَأَبْصِرْ, &c.: and Es-Suddee says of both these readings that the meaning is, their knowledge shall agree, or be in unison, in the world to come; i. e. they shall know in the world to come that that wherewith they have been threatened is true: or, accord. to Mujáhid, the meaning of بَلِ ادَّارَكَ عِلْمُهُمْ &c. is said to be, is their knowledge concurrent respecting the world to come? بل being here used in the sense of أَم: (TA:) or it may mean their knowledge hath gone on uninterruptedly until it hath become cut short; from the phrase تدارك بَنُو فُلَانٍ meaning The sons of such a one went on uninterruptedly into destruction. (Bd.) A2: تداركهُ: see 4, in two places. It is used in the [primary] sense of أَدْرَكَهُ in the saying in the Kur [lxviii. 49], لَوْ لَا أَنْ تَدارَكَهُ نِعْمَةٌ مِنْ رَبِّهِ لَنُبِذَ بِالْعَرَآءِ [Had not favour (meaning mercy, Jel) from his Lord reached him, or overtaken him, he had certainly been cast upon the bare land]. (Jel.) b2: [Hence, elliptically, He overtook him, or visited him, with good, or with evil.] El-Mutanebbee says, أَنَ فِى أُمَّةٍ تَدَارَكَهَا اللّٰ هُ غَرِيبٌ كَصَالِحٍ فِى ثَمُودِ [I am among a people (may God visit them with favour and save them from their meanness, or visit them with destruction so that I may be safe from them,) a stranger, like Sálih among Thamood]: تداركها اللّٰه is a prayer for the people, meaning ادركها ↓ اللّٰه ونجّاهم من لومهم [i. e.

لُؤْمِهِمْ]: or it may be an imprecation against them, i. e. اللّٰه بالاهلاك لِأَنْجُوَ منهم ↓ ادركهم: [each meaning as explained above:] and IJ says that because of this verse the poet was named المتنبّى. (W p. 35. [The verse there commences with أَنَا; but أَنَ is required by the metre, and is more approved in every case except the case of a pause.]) It is mostly used in relation to aid, or relief, and benefaction: [so that it signifies He aided, or relieved, him; he benefited him; he repaired his, or its, condition; he repaired, amended, corrected, or rectified, it:] whence the saying of a poet, تَدَارَكَنِى مِنْ عَثْرَةِ الدَّهْرِ قَاسِمٌ بِمَا شَآءَ مِنْ مَعْرُوفِهِ المُتَدارِكِ [Kásim relieved me, or has relieved me, from the slip of fortune with what he pleased of his relieving, or continuous, beneficence]. (TA.) [See also, in the first paragraph of art. دق, another example, in a verse of Zuheyr, which is cited in that art. and the present in the TA: and see the syn. تَلَافَاهُ. Hence,] تَدَارَكْتُ مَا فَاتَ i. q. استدركتهُ, q. v. (S, Msb, TA.) 8 اِدَّرَكَ: see 4, first and second sentences: b2: and near the end of the paragraph: b3: and see also 6, first sentence.10 استدرك الشَّىْءَ بِالشَّىءِ [properly] signifies بِهِ ↓ حَاوَلَ إِدْرَاكَهُ [i. e. He sought, or endeavoured, to follow up the thing with the thing]: (K:) as, for instance, الخَطَأَ بِالصَّوَابِ [the mistake with what was right]. (TK.) [Hence,] you say, اِسْتَدْرَكْتُ مَافَاتَ [I repaired, amended, corrected, or rectified, what had passed neglected by me, or by another; and I supplied what had so passed, or what had escaped me, or another, through inadvertence]; and ↓ تَدَارَكْتُهُ signifies the same [in relation to language and to other things; whereas the former verb is generally restricted to relation to language or to a writer or speaker]. (S, Msb.) You say also, استدرك عَلَيْهِ قَوْلَهُ He corrected, or rectified, what was wrong, or erroneous, in his saying: [but more commonly, he supplied what he had omitted in his saying; generally meaning, what he had omitted through inadvertence: and اِسْتَدْرَكْتُهُ عَلَيْه I subjoined it, or appended it, to what he had written, or said, by way of emendation; or, more commonly, as a supplement, i. e., to supply what had escaped him, or what he had neglected:] and hence, عَلَى البُخَارِىِّ ↓ المُسْتَدْرَكُ [The Supplement to ElBukháree; a work supplying omissions of ElBukháree;] by El-Hákim. (TA.) [Thus]

اِسْتِدْرَاكٌ signifies The annulling a presumption, or surmise, originating from what has been before said, [by correcting an error, or errors, or by supplying a defect, or defects,] in a manner resembling the making an exception. (Kull.) [Hence حَرْفُ اسْتِدْرَاكٍ, meaning A particle of emendation, applied to بَلْ, and to لٰكِنَّ or لٰكِنْ.]

دَرْكٌ: see the next paragraph, in eight places.

دَرَكٌ The act of attaining, reaching, or overtaking; syn. لَحَاقٌ; (K, TA; [in the CK, اللِّحاقُ is erroneously put for اللَّحَاقُ;]) [properly an inf. n. of the unused verb دَرَكَ (q. v.), but, having no used verb, said to be] a noun from الإِدْرَاكُ [with which it is syn.], (TA,) or a noun from أَدْرَكْتُ الشَّىْءَ; as also ↓ دَرْكٌ: and hence ضَمَانٌ الدَّرَكِ [which see in what follows]. (Msb.) [Hence,] لَا تَخَافُ دَرَكًا, in the Kur [xx. 80.], means Thou shalt not fear Pharaoh's overtaking thee. (TA.) One says also الطَّريدَةِ ↓ فَرَسٌ دَرْكُ, meaning A horse that overtakes what is hunted; like as they said فَرَسٌ قَيْدُ الأَوَابِدِ. (TA.) b2: b3: Also The attainment, or acquisition, of an object of want: and the seeking the attainment or acquisition thereof: as in the saying, بَكِّرْ فَفِيهِ دَرَكٌ [Be thou early; for therein is attainment, &c.]: and ↓ دَرْكٌ signifies the same. (Lth, TA.) [Hence, perhaps,] يَوْمُ الدَّرِكَ: this was [a day of contest] between El-Ows and El-Khazraj: (K:) thought to be so by IDrd. (TA.) b4: And i. q. تَبِعَةٌ [i. e. A consequence; generally meaning an evil consequence: and perhaps it also means here a claim which one seeks to obtain for an injury]: as also ↓ دَرْكٌ. (S, K.) One says, مَا لَحِقَكَ مِنْ دَرَكٍ فَعَلَىِّ خَلَاصُهُ (S, TA) and ↓ من دَرْكٍ [i. e. Whatever evil consequence ensue to thee, on me be the compensation thereof]: in the A, ما أَدْرَكَهُ من دَرَكٍ فعلىّ خلاصه i. e. مَا يَلْحَقُهُ مِنْ تَبِعَةٍ

[Whatever evil consequence ensue to it, &c.; relating to a thing sold]. (TA.) And hence ضَمَانُ الدَّرَكِ in the case of a claim for indemnification for a fault of a defect or an imperfection in a thing sold [meaning either Responsibility, or indemnification, (see ضَمَانٌ,) for evil consequence]: (TA in the present art:) or this means [indemnification for evil consequence in a sale; i. e., virtually,] the returning of the price to the purchaser on the occasion of requirement by the thing sold: the vulgar say incorrectly [ضَمَان دَرَك, and still more incorrectly] ضُمَان دَرَك [generally meaning thereby I sell this, or I purchase this, on the condition of responsibility, or indemnification, for any fault or defect or imperfection that may be found in it]: (TA in art. ضمن:) [and in this manner ضَمَانُ الدَّرَكِ may be correctly rendered; for] دَرَكٌ also signifies a fault or a defect or an imperfection [in a thing sold]; for instance, in a slave that is sold. (TA in art. عهد.) [In the KT, الدَّرَكُ is also explained as signifying The purchaser's taking from the seller a pledge for the price that he has given him, in fear that the thing sold may require it: but this seems to be an explanation of the case in which the word is used; not of the word itself.]

A2: Also A rope, (M, K,) or a piece of rope, (S,) that is tied upon the [lower] extremity of the main rope (S, M, K) of a well, to the cross pieces of wood of the bucket, (S,) so as to be that which is next the water, (S, M, K,) in order that the main rope may not rot (S, M) in the drawing of water: (M:) or a doubled rope that is tied to the cross pieces of wood of the bucket, and then to the main wellrope: (Az, TA:) and ↓ دَرْكٌ signifies the same. (K. [But only دَرَكٌ is authorized by the TA in this sense.]) [See also كَرَبٌ.] b2: Also, and ↓ دَرْكٌ, The bottom, or lowest depth, (Sh, T, S, M, K,) of a thing, (T, M, K,) as of the sea and the like, (T,) or of anything deep, as a well and the like: (Sh:) pl. أَدْرَاكٌ, (K,) a pl. of both, of a form frequent and analogous with respect to the former, but extr. with respect to the latter; and دَرَكَاتٌ also. (TA.) And A stage of Hell: (IAar:) a stage downwards: (MA:) or stages downwards; like دَرَكَاتٌ: (B:) opposed to دَرَجٌ (MA, B) and دَرَجَاتٌ, (B,) which are upwards: wherefore, (MA, B,) the abodes of Hell, or the stages thereof, are termed دَرَكَاتٌ; (AO, S, MA, K, B;) [Golius and Freytag give دَرَكَةٌ as its sing.; the former as from the S, and the latter as from the K, in neither of which it is found;] and those of Paradise, دَرَجَاتٌ. (S, MA, B.) It is said in the Kur [iv. 144], إِنَّ الْمُنَافِقِينَ فِىالدَّرَكِ الْأَسْفَلِ مِنَ النَّارِ [Verily the hypocrites shall be in the lowest stage of the fire of Hell]: here the Koofees, except two, read ↓ فى الدَّرْكِ. (TA.) b3: [Golius gives another signification, “Pars terræ,” as on the authority of the S and K, in neither of which it is found.]

دِرْكَةٌ The ring of the bow-string, (K, TA,) that falls into the notch of the bow. (TA.) b2: and A thong that is joined to the string of the bow, (K,) of the Arabian bow. (TA.) b3: And A piece that is joined to the girdle when it is too short, (Lh, K,) and in like manner, to a rope, or cord, when it is too short. (Lh, TA.) دَرَاكِ an imperative verbal noun, (S,) meaning أَدْرِكْ [Attain thou, reach thou, overtake thou, &c.]: (K:) form the unused verb دَرَكَ: (IB:) like تَرَاكِ [from تَرَكَ], meaning أُتْرُكْ. (TA.) دِرَاكٌ [an inf. n. of 3, used in the sense of the part. n. ↓ مُتَدَارِكٌ]. You say, طَعَنَهُ طَعْنًا دِرَاكًا He thrust him, or pierced him, with an uninterrupted thrusting or piercing: and شَرِبَ شُرْبًا دِرَاكًا He drank with an uninterrupted drinking: and ضَرْبٌ دِرَاكٌ An uninterrupted beating or striking. (TA.) دِرَاكَةٌ: see مَدْرَكٌ.

دَرِيكَةٌ i. q. طَرِيدَةٌ [as meaning An animal that is hunted]. (S, K.) دَرَّاكٌ an epithet from أَدْرَكَ, (S, Kudot;,) applied to a man, (K,) and signifying كَثِيرُ الإِدْرَاكِ [i. e. One who attains, reaches, or overtakes, &c., much, or often: and also having much, or great, or strong, perception: as will be seen from what follows]: (S, TA:) and so ↓ مُدْرِكٌ [expressly said in the TA to signify كثير الادراك, though why it should have this signification as well as that (which it certainly has) of simply attaining &c., I cannot see,] and ↓ مُدْرِكَةٌ: (K, TA:) the last explained by Lh as signifying سَرِيعُ الإِدْرَاكِ [i. e. quick in attaining, &c.]. (TA.) Keys Ibn-Rifá'ah says, ↓ وَصَاحِبُ الوِتْرِ لَيْسَ الدَّهْرَ مُدْرِكَهُ عِنْدِى وَإِنِّى لَدَرَّاكٌ بِأَوْتَارِ [And he who has a claim for blood-revenge is not ever an attainer of it with (meaning from) me; but verily I am one who often attains bloodrevenges]. (IB.) Seldom does فَعَّالٌ come from أَفْعَلَ; but they sometimes said حَسَّاسٌ دَرَّاكٌ [i. e. Having much, or great, or strong, perception]; it being [in this instance] a dialectal syn. [of حسّاس], or thus for conformity: (S:) it is said to be the only instance of فَعَّالٌ from أَفْعَلَ except جَبَّارٌ and سَأّرٌ; [and some other instances might be added; but all of them require consideration:] accord. to IB, درّاك is from the unused verb دَرَكَ. (TA.) مَدْرَكٌ: see مُدْرَكٌ b2: لَهُ مَدْرَكٌ [if not a mistranscription for مُدْرِكٌ or مُدْرَكٌ] means He has a sense in excess; [app. a preternatural perception, or a second sight;] and so ↓ دِرَاكَةٌ. (TA.) مُدْرَكٌ A place, and a time, of إِدْرَاكٌ [i. e. attaining, reaching, overtaking, &c.]. (Msb.) Hence مَدَارِكُ الشَّرْعِ; (Mgh, Msb;) among which is included investigation of the law by means of reason and comparison; (Mgh;) i. e. The sources from which are sought the ordinances of the law; where one seeks for guidance by means of texts [of the Kur-án or the Sunneh] and by means of investigation by reason and comparison: (Msb:) the lawyers make the sing. to be ↓ مَدْرَكٌ; (Mgh, * Msb;) but there is no way of resolving this: (Msb:) correctly, by rule, it is مُدْرَكٌ; because the meaning intended is a place of إِدْرَاك. (Mgh.) b2: [Also pass. part. n. of 4. b3: And hence, Perceived by means of any of the senses; like مَحْسُوسٌ: and perceived by the intellect; thus opposed to مَحْسُوسٌ.]

مُدْرِكٌ: see دَرَّاكٌ, in two places. b2: [القُوَّةُ المُدْرِكَةُ, and simply المُدْرِكَةُ, as a subst., The perceptive faculty of the mind. See also what next follows.]

مُدْرِكَةٌ: see دَرَّاكٌ. b2: [See also مُدْرِكٌ.] b3: المُدْرِكَاتُ الخَمْسُ and المَدَارِكُ الخَمْسُ signify The five senses. (TA.) [See also مَدْرَكٌ.]

A2: Also The حَجْمَة [a word I do not find in any other instance, app. a mistranscription for مَحْجَمَة (which when written with the article differs very little from the former word) i. e. the place to which the cupping-vessel is applied, for this is often] between the two shoulder-blades: (K:) so says Ibn-'Abbád. (TA.) مُدَارِكَةٌ A woman (TA) that will not be satiated with coitus; (K, TA;) as though her fits of appetency were consecutive. (TA.) مُتَدَارِكٌ Uninterrupted; or closely consecutive in its parts, or portions: differing from مُتَوَاتِرٌ, which is applied to a thing in the case of which there are small intervals. (Lh.) See also دِرَاكٌ. b2: Applied to a rhyme, (Lth, M, K,) and to a word, (Lth, TA,) Having two movent letters followed by a quiescent letter; as فَعُوْ and the like: (Lth, TA:) or having two movent letters between two quiescent letters; as مُتَفَاعِلُنْ, (M, K,) and مُسْتَفْعِلُنْ, and مَفَاعِلُنْ, (M, TA,) and فَعُولُنْ فَعَلْ, (M, K,) i. e. as فَعَلْ when immemediately following a quiescent letter, (M, TA,) and فَعُولُ فُلْ, (M, K,) i. e. as فُلْ with a movent letter immediately followed by it: (M, TA:) as though the vowel-sounds overtook one another without an obstacle between the two movent letters. (M, K.) b3: [المُتَدَارِكُ is also the name of The sixteenth metre of verse; the measure of which consists of فَاعِلُنْ eight times.]

مُسْتَدْرَكٌ [A supplement]: see 10. b2: [In the TA and some other similar works, it is often used as signifying Superfluous, or redundant.]

ضبط

1 ضَبَطَهُ, (Lth, IDrd, S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, MS, PS,) or ـُ (TA, TK,) inf. n. ضَبْطٌ (IDrd, Msb, K) and ضَبَاطَةٌ, (K,) He kept it, preserved it, guarded it, maintained it, or took care of it, (Lth, S, Msb, K,) namely, a thing, (Lth, S,) with prudence, precaution, or good judgment, (Lth, S, K,) or effectually: (Msb:) and hence, (assumed tropical:) he managed its affairs (namely, the affairs of a country &c.,) thoroughly, soundly, not imperfectly: (Msb:) [he managed it; namely, an affair, and his soul or self, his disposition or temper, &c.:] he kept to it inseparably, or constantly; namely, anything: (Lth:) he took it, or held it, or retained it, strongly, vehemently, or firmly: (IDrd:) and ضَبَطَ عَلَيْهِ [has this last signification, likewise; or signifies simply he detained it, or withheld it, or restrained it, or the like;] i. q. حَبَسَهُ, namely a thing. (TA.) b2: فُلَانٌ لَا يَضْبُطُ عَمَلَهُ [or لا يَضْبِطُهُ] (tropical:) Such a one does not, or will not, act vigorously in his work, or employment, which is committed to him; syn. لَا يَقُومُ بِهِ. (TA.) And ضَبَطَ أَمْرَهُ [He managed his affair thoroughly, or well]. (A in art. بد, &c.) [And ضَبَطَ alone, He (a camel) was strong to work or labour: and he (a man and a camel) was strong, or powerful. (See the act. part. n.)] b3: هُوَ لَا يَضْبُطُ قِرَآءَتَهُ [or لا يَضْبِطُهَا] (tropical:) He does not, or will not, perform well [or accurately] his reading, or reciting. (TA.) b4: [ضَبَطَ لَفْظًا, or كَلِمَةً, (assumed tropical:) He fixed the pronunciation of a word; by adding the syllabical signs, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِالشَّكْلِ, and بِالحَرَكَاتِ, and بِالقَلَمِ; or by stating it to be similar in form, or measure, to another word which is too well known to admit of doubt, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِمِثَالٍ; or by adding the measure, which mode is termed ضَبْطٌ بِوَزْنٍ.] b5: ضَبَطَ also signifies (assumed tropical:) He registered, or recorded, [a name, or] a matter of science, [or any other thing,] in a book or the like; syn. قَيَّدَ; (L in art. قيد;) i. q. أَحْصَى; (Jel in xxxvi. 11, and Bd and Jel in lxxviii.

29;) and كَتَبَ. (Bd in lxxviii. 29.) b6: ضَبَطَهُ وَجَعٌ (tropical:) A pain seized him. (TA.) b7: ضُبِطَتِ الأَرْضُ (tropical:) The land was rained upon. (IAar, K, TA.) [See also مَضْبُوطٌ.]

A2: ضَبِطَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb,) inf. n. ضَبَطٌ, (Msb,) He was, or became, ambidextrous; he worked with each of his hands. (S, Msb.) IDrd knew not this verb. (TA.) 5 تضبّطهُ He took it with detention and force. (K, TA.) b2: تضبّطت الضَّأْنُ The sheep obtained somewhat of herbage: or hastened, or were quick, in pasturing, and became strong (K, TA) and fat. (TA.) The Arabs say, إِذَا تَضَبِّطَتِ الضَّأْنُ شَبِعَتِ الإِبِلُ [When the sheep obtain somewhat of herbage, or hasten, &c., the camels become satiated with food]: for the former are called the smaller camels, because they eat more than goats; and when the former become satiated with food, men [and camels] live [in plenty], by reason of the abundance of the herbage. (IAar.) ضَبْطٌ inf. n. of 1. b2: [It is often used as signifying (assumed tropical:) Exactness; correctness; honesty; and faithfulness: and particularly in an author or a relater.]

الضَّبْطَةُ A certain game of the Arabs; (K, TA;) also called المَسَّةُ and الطَّرِيدَةُ. (TA. [See the last of these words.]) رَجُلٌ ضَبَّاطٌ لِلْأُمُورِ (assumed tropical:) A man having much care, prudence, or precaution, [or good judgment,] with respect to [the management of] affairs; (TA;) [a man who manages affairs with much care, &c.]

ضَبَنْطًى: see the next paragraph.

ضَابِطٌ [Keeping, preserving, guarding, maintaining, or taking care of, a thing, with prudence, precaution, or good judgment, or effectually: (see 1:) and hence,] (assumed tropical:) one who manages his affairs with prudence, precaution, or good judgment; or soundly, taking the sure course therein, and exercising caution, or care, that they may not become beyond his power of management: (S, TA:) [keeping to anything inseparably, or constantly: (see, again, 1:)] taking, holding, or retaining, a thing strongly, vehemently, or firmly; applied to a man; as also ↓ ضَبَنْطًى: (IDrd:) or the latter of these, (S,) which is like حَبَنْطًُى, (K, [in some copies of the K erroneously written without tenween,]) the ن being augmentative, to render the word quasi-coordinate to سَفَرْجَلٌ; (S;) or both; applied to a man and to a camel; (K;) strong, or powerful: (S, K:) or [a man] great in might, or valour, and power, and body: (T, TA:) and the former, a camel strong to work or labour: and in like manner, applied to a man, ضَابِطُ الأُمُورِ (tropical:) the strong [and resolute or firm-minded] in the performance or management of affairs. (TA.) See also أَضْبَطُ. b2: [It often signifies (assumed tropical:) Exact; correct; or accurate; (like مُحَقِّقٌ, with which it is said to be syn. in Har p. 254;) and honest; and faithful: and particularly as applied to an author or a relater.]

A2: As a conventional term, ضَابِطٌ, (Msb in art. قعد,) or ↓ ضَابِطَةٌ, pl. ضَوَابِطُ, (TA,) is syn. with قَاعِدَةٌ, (Msb, TA,) signifying (assumed tropical:) A universal, or general, rule, or canon: (Msb:) or a ضابط is one that comprises subdivisions of one class only; whereas a قاعدة comprises [sometimes] subdivisions of various classes. (Kull, p. 290.) ضَابِطَةٌ A place in land, or in the ground, to which the rain-water flows, and which retains it; syn. مَسَّاكَةٌ. (TA.) A2: See also ضَابِطٌ, last sentence.

أَضْبَطُ [More, and most, strong, or firm, of hold]. It is said in a prov., أَضْبَطُ مِنْ ذَرَّةٍ [More strong, or firm, of hold than a little ant]: because it drags along a thing several times larger than itself, and sometimes both fall from a high place, and the ant does not let go the thing. (K.) and أَضْبَطُ مِنْ عَائِشَةَ بْنِ عَثْمٍ; (K;) so accord. to Hamzeh and Abu-n-Nedà; but accord. to ElMundhiree, عَابِسَة; (Sgh;) [More strong, or firm, of hold than 'Áïsheh the son of 'Athm; or than 'Ábiseh;] because he laid hold of the tail of a young she-camel, and pulled her by it out of a well into which she had fallen. (K.) And أَضْبَطُ مِنَ الأَعْمَى [More strong, or firm, of hold than the blind]. (TA.) b2: Ambidextrous; who works with each of his hands; (S, Mgh, Msb;) i. q. أَعْسَرُ يَسَرٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) who works with his left hand like as he works with his right; an explanation given by the Prophet; as also that next following; (AO, TA;) who works with both his hands: (AO, K:) fem. ضَبْطَآءُ. (S.) b3: الأَضْبَطُ The lion; (K;) who makes use of his left paw like as he makes use of his right; but some say that he is so called because he seizes his prey vehemently, and it hardly, or never, escapes from him; (TA;) as also ↓ الضّابِطُ. (K.) ضَبْطَآءُ is also applied as an epithet to a lioness; and to a she-camel. (TA.) مَضْبُوطٌ [pass. part. n. of ضَبَطَ in all its senses. b2: In the present day often used as signifying Well-regulated; exact; correct; honest; and faithful.] Applied to a book, or writing, (tropical:) Having its defects, faults, or imperfections, rectified. (TA.) [Applied to a word, (assumed tropical:) Having its pronunciation fixed, by any of the means described above in one of the explanations of the verb.] b3: بَلَدٌ مَضْبُوطٌ بِالمَطَرِ (tropical:) A country covered by the rain: so in the A: in the O, أَرْضٌ مَضْبُوطَةٌ (tropical:) land rained upon in common, or throughout its whole extent. (TA.) [See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.]

ضرع

1 ضَرَعَ, said of a lamb or kid, He took [with his mouth] the ضَرْع [meaning dug] of his mother. (TA.) [This seems to be regarded by some as the primary signification.] b2: And (TA) the same, (S, Msb, K,) said of a man, (S,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K;) and ضَرِعَ, aor. ـَ and ضَرُعَ, aor. ـُ (K;) inf. n. (S, Msb, K) of the first (S, Msb, TA) and of the third (TA) ضَرَاعَةٌ, (S Msb, K,) and (K) of the second (TA) ضَرَعٌ; (K;) He was, or became, lowly, humble, or submissive; (S, K;) and low, abject, or abased; (S, Msb, K;) إِلَيْهِ (K) and لَهُ [to him]: (TA:) or ضَرِعَ and ضَرَعَ signify he lowered, humbled, or abased, himself, (K, * TA,) [like تضرّع, which is more commonly used in this sense,] and made petition for a gift: (TA:) and ضَرُعَ, (Msb, K, TA,) inf. n. ضَرَعٌ, (Msb,) or ضَرَاعَةٌ, (TA,) he was, or became, weak; (K, TA;) and it is said that the verb in this last sense is from ضَرَعَ in the sense expl. in the first sentence: so in the “ Mufradát ” [of Er-Rághib]: ضَرِعَ, likewise, like فَرِحَ [in measure], signifies he was, or became, weak in body, slender, spare, or light of flesh: and ضُرُوعٌ, [app. as an inf. n. of which the verb is ضَرَعَ,] the being lean, or emaciated. (TA.) For another explanation of ضَرَاعَةٌ, see 5. b3: [ضَرَعَ is made trans. by means of ب:] one says, ضَرَعَ بِهِ فَرَسُهُ His horse humbled him, or abased him: (O, K, TA:) or, as in the L, overcame him. (TA.) b4: ضَرَعَ مِنْهُ, said of an animal of prey, (IKtt, K, TA,) inf. n. ضُرُوعٌ, (K,) He approached (IKtt, K, TA) him i. e. a man, (IKtt, TA,) or it i. e. a thing. (K.) b5: See also the next paragraph.2 تَضْرِيعٌ signifies The drawing near, or approaching, by little and little, in a deceitful, or guileful, manner, going this way and that, or to the right and left; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K;) as also ↓ تَضَرُّعٌ: (K:) you say ضَرَّعَ and تَضَرَّعَ. (O, TA.) b2: And ضَرَّعَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (S, O,) (tropical:) The sun approached the setting; (S, O, K;) [like ضجّعت;] and ↓ ضَرَعَت signifies the same; [like ضَجَعَت;] or the sun set; (K;) and الشَّمْسُ ↓ ضَارِعَتِ, inf. n. مُضَارَعَةٌ, signifies the same as ضَرَعَت and ضرّعت. (TA.) b3: and ضَرَّعَتِ القِدْرُ i. q. حَانَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ [i. e. The cookingpot approached, or attained, to the time of the cooking of its contents; and so, app., ↓ ضارعت, accord. to the TA, but the passage in which this is there indicated presents an obvious mistranscription]. (S, O, K, TA. [In the CK, تُدْرَكَ is erroneously put for تُدْرِكَ.]) b4: And ضَرَّعَ الرُّبُّ [app. means The rob, or inspissated juice, became nearly mature; or] the expressed juice was cooked, but its cooking was not complete. (O, K, * TA. [In the CK, الرُّبَّ is erroneously put for الرُّبُّ, and طَبَخ for طُبِخَ, and يُتِمَّ طَبْخَهُ for يَتِمَّ طَبْخُهُ.]) 3 مُضَارِعَةٌ is syn. with مُشَابَهَةٌ: (S, O, Msb:) accord. to Er-Rághib, its primary meaning is The sharing [in a thing, or particularly in the ضَرْع, or udder], like مُرَاضَعَةٌ, which is the “ sharing in sucking. ” (TA.) You say ضارعهُ He, or it, resembled him, or it; was, or became like him, or it. (K, TA.) And بَيْنَهُمَا مُرَاضَعَةُ الكَاسِ وَمُضَارَعَةُ الأَجْنَاسِ [Between them two are the sipping of the wine-cup, and the resemblance of kinds; or compotation and congeniality]: said in the A to be from الضَّرْعُ. (TA.) [See also an ex. voce تَحَلَّجَ.] b2: Also i. q. مُقَارَبَةٌ [meaning The approaching a thing]. (TA.) See 2, in two places.4 اضرعت, said of a ewe or she-goat, Her milk descended [into her udder, i. e. she secreted milk in her udder, as is shown in the lexicons in many places, (see for instance, أَرَدَّتْ, and رِدَّةٌ,)] a little before her bringing forth: (S, O, K:) and [in like manner] said of a she-camel, her milk descended from (مِنْ [a mistranscription for فِى

i. e. into]) her udder near the time of bringing forth; and the epithet applied to her is ↓ مُضْرِعٌ [without ة]: or, as in the A, said of a she-camel and of a cow, her udder (ضَرْعُهَا) became prominent before bringing forth: (TA:) or, said of a ewe or she-goat, she showed herself to be pregnant, and became large in her udder. (T in art. رمد.) and أَضْرَعَتْ عَلَى رَأْسِ الوَلَدِ [She secreted milk, or became large, in the udder, at the time of bringing forth, or when about to produce the young, like as one says كَانَ ذٰلِكَ عَلَى رَأْسِ فُلَانٍ expl. in art. رأس], said of a ewe or goat. (S in arts. رمد and ربق [in both of which the meaning is clearly shown] and in art. دفع [in which last see several sentences].) b2: [Hence, app.,] أَضْرَعْتُ لَهُ مَالِى (assumed tropical:) I gave him liberally, unsparingly, or freely, my property. (O, K. *) b3: And اضرعهُ signifies also He, or it, lowered, humbled, or abased, him. (S, O, K.) Thus, in a trad. of 'Alee, أَضْرَعَ اللّٰهُ خُدُودَكُمْ May God lower, or humble, or abase, your cheeks. (TA.) One says also, كَانَ مَزْهُوًّا فَأَضْرَعَهُ الفَقْرُ [He was proud, haughty, or insolent, and poverty lowered, or humbled, or abased, him]. (TA.) And it is said in a prov., الحُمَّى أَضْرَعَتْنِى

لَكَ, (S, Meyd, A, O,) or لِلنَّوْمِ, (Meyd, O, K,) accord. to different relations, (Meyd, O,) [meaning The fever abased me to thee, or to sleep;] asserted by El-Mufaddal to have been first said by a certain man named Mureyr, to a Jinnee by whom he was carried off while sleeping under the influence of fever, after he had been making a fruitless search after his two brothers, Murárah and Murrah, who had also been carried off by Jinn: [his story is related at length in the O and TA, as well as by Meyd.; and is given in Har p. 568, and in Freytag's Arab. Prov. i. pp. 364-5:] the prov. is applied to the case of abasement on the occasion of need. (Meyd, O, TA.) b4: One says also, اضرعهُ إِلَيْهِ He, or it, constrained him to have recourse to him, or it. (TA.) b5: And اضرعهُ الحُبُّ Love rendered him lean, or emaciated. (TA.) 5 تضرّع He lowered, humbled, or abased, himself: (O, K, TA:) or he addressed himself with earnest, or energetic, supplication: (TA:) syn. اِبْتَهَلَ, to God (إِلَى اللّٰهِ): (S, O, K:) or he manifested ↓ ضَرَاعَة i. e. severe poverty, (O, TA:) and want, (TA,) to God: (O, TA:) or i. q. تَعَرَّضَ بِطَلَبِ الحَاجَةِ, (K, TA,) or يَطْلُبُ الحَاجَةَ; (CK;) you say, جَآءَ فُلَانٌ يَتَضَرَّعُ and يَتَعَرَّضُ i. e. Such a one came asking, or petitioning, to another for a thing that he wanted. (Fr, S, O.) [See also تَصَرَّعَ.] b2: Also He writhed; and asked, or called, for aid, or succour. (TA.) b3: And, said of the shade, (tropical:) It contracted, shrank, or decreased; or it went away; syn. قَلَصَ: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA:) and تَصَرَّعَ is a dial. var. thereof. b4: See also 2.

ضَرْعٌ a word of well-known meaning; (TA;) [properly and generally, the udder, but sometimes applied to the dug, or teat:] the ضَرْع is of every female that has a cloven hoof, or of the she-camel: (S, O:) [i. e.] of each of these: (K:) or [of the former only; i. e.] of the sheep or goat and of the cow and the like; that of the camel being termed خِلْفٌ: (Lth, O, K:) it is, to the clovenhoofed female, like the ثَدْى to the woman: (Msb:) or, to cattle, like the ثَدْى to the woman: (Towsheeh, TA:) accord. to the IF, it is of the sheep or goat and of other animals: accord. to IDrd, of the sheep or goat [only]: Az says, it comprises the أَطْبَآء, which are the أَخْلَاف, and in which are the أَحَالِيل, which are the orifices for the passing forth of the milk: (O:) the pl. is ضُرُوعٌ. (O, Msb, K.) مَا لَهُ زَرْعٌ وَلَا ضَرْعٌ [lit. He has not seed-produce nor an udder] means (tropical:) he has not anything: (TA:) or it means he has not land to sow, nor ewe or she-goat or she-camel or other animal having a ضَرْع. (O.) A2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

ضِرْعٌ A like; a similar person or thing; (IAar, O, K;) as also ↓ ضَرْعٌ: (IAar, TA in art. صرع:) and so صِرْعٌ (O, TA) and صَرْعٌ. (O and K and TA in art. صرع.) b2: And A sort, or species: and a state, condition, or manner of being: of a thing: as also ↓ ضَرْعٌ: and so صِرْعٌ and صَرْعٌ. (TA in art. صرع.) b3: And A strand of a rope: (O, K:) and so صِرْعٌ: (O:) pl. ضُرُوعٌ. (O, K: and the CK adds أَضْرُعٌ.) ضَرَعٌ Lowly, humble, submissive, or in a state of abasement; [originally an inf. n., and therefore, as an epithet,] applied to a single person and to a pl. number: (O:) and ↓ ضَارِعٌ signifies the same, applied to a single person; (O, Msb;) as also ↓ مُسْتَضْرِعٌ, (K, *TA:) accord. To Lth, one says, ↓ خَدُّكَ ضَارِعٌ, (O,) and ↓ أَضْرَعُ, which signifies the same, (Ham p. 344,) and ↓ جَنْبُكَ ضَارِعٌ, [meaning, as is implied in the O, Thy cheek is lowly &c., and so thy side, and the like is said in the Ham p. 590,] and ↓ أَنْتَ ضَارِعٌ [Thou art lowly &c.]: (O:) and the pl. of ضَارِعٌ is ضَرَعَةٌ and ضُرُوعٌ: (TA:) or ↓ ضَارِعٌ signifies, and so ↓ ضَرِعٌ, and [in an intensive sense] ↓ ضَرُوعٌ and ↓ ضَرَعَةٌ, lowering, humbling, or abasing, himself: (K:) or thus, and making petition for a gift: (TA:) and ضَرَعٌ signifies weak; (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) as also ↓ ضَرِعٌ; (K;) the former (Msb, K) originally an inf. n. (Msb) [and therefore, as an epithet,] applied to a single person and to a pl. number: (K:) and ضَرَعٌ and ↓ ضَارِعٌ small; applied to anything: or small in age, weak, (K, TA,) and lean, spare, or light of flesh: (TA:) and الجِسْمِ ↓ ضَارِعُ, (S,) and ↓ ضَرِعٌ, (TA,) lean, spare, or light of flesh, and weak, in the body; (S, TA;) applied to a man: (S:) and ضَرَعٌ applied to a colt, not having strength to run, (K, TA,) by reason of the smallness of his age. (TA.) Also (assumed tropical:) Cowardly, or weak-hearted: you say, هُوَ وَرَعٌ ضَرَعٌ [both app. meaning the same]. (TA.) And, applied to a man, (tropical:) Inexperienced in affairs; ignorant; or in whom is no profit nor judgment; syn. غُمْرٌ. (TA.) ضَرِعٌ: see ضَرَعٌ, in three places.

ضَرَعَةٌ: see ضَرَعٌ. b2: It is also a pl. of ضَارِعٌ [as mentioned above, voce ضَرَعٌ]. (TA.) سُبَبَةٌ ضُرَعَةٌ occurs in a trad. as meaning A reviler of men, who becomes like them and equal to them. (TA.) ضَرُوعٌ: see ضَرَعٌ.

ضُرُوعٌ pl. of ضَرْعٌ [q. v.]. (O, Msb, K.) b2: Also A species of grape, (AHn, O, K.) growing in the Saráh (السَّرَاة), (AHn, O,) white, large in the berries, (AHn, O, K,) having little juice, great in the bunches, like the sort of raisins called طَائِفِىّ. (O.) A2: It is also a pl. of ضَارِعٌ [as mentioned above, voce ضَرَعٌ]. (TA.) ضَرِيعٌ and ضَرِيعَةٌ (IF, S O, K) and ↓ ضَرْعَآءُ, (O, K,) applied to a ewe or she-goat, Large in the ضَرْع [or udder]; (IF, S, O, K;) and in like manner applied to a woman: (K:) or ↓ the last is applied to a woman as meaning large in the breasts, and in like manner to a ewe or she-goat: (IDrd, TA:) or, accord. to the L, the second and ↓ third, as first expl. above, are applied to a ewe or she-goat, and to a camel; and the first is applied to a ewe or she-goat, as meaning goodly in the ضَرْع. (TA.) A2: Also, the first of these words, (O, K;) mentioned in the Kur lxxxviii. 6, (O,) i. q. شِبْرِقٌ; (O, K;) which is A bad sort of pasture, upon which the pasturing cattle do not make (لَا تَعْقِدُ) fat nor flesh, and which renders them in a bad condition if they do not quit it and betake themselves to other pasture; (AHn, O;) or, accord. to IAth, the شبرق is a certain plant in El-Hijáz, having large thorns: (TA:) or, the plant called شِبْرِق that is dried up; (Fr, S, O, K;) شبرق being its appellation when it is in its fresh state; (Fr, K, TA;) the people of El-Hijáz call it ضريع in its dry state; (Fr, TA;) and it is [said to be] a plant which the beast will not approach, because of its bad quality: (K:) and (K) what is dry of any tree; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K;) accord. to some, peculiarly, of the عَرْفَج and خُلَّة; (TA;) or [any] dry herbage: (TA in art. بحت:) and, (K,) accord. to Lth, (O,) a certain plant in water that has become altered for the worse by long standing or the like, having roots that reach not to the ground: (O, K:) or a certain thing in Hell, more bitter than aloes, and more stinking than the carcass, and hotter than fire; (K, TA;) the food of the inmates of Hell; but this was unknown to the [pagan] Arabs: (TA:) and, (K,) as some say, (O,) a certain plant, (K, O,) green, (O,) thus in the L, but in the “ Mufradát ” red, (TA,) of fetid odour, cast up by the sea, (O, K,) light, and hollow: (TA:) and, (K,) accord. to Abu-l-Jowzà, (O,) the prickles of the palm-tree: (O, K:) and, (K,) accord. to IAar, (O,) the [thorny tree called] عَوْسَج, in its fresh state. (O, K.) b2: Also Wine: or thin wine: (K:) or thin beverage. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b3: And the skin that is upon the bone, beneath the flesh (Lth, O, K) of the rib: (Lth, O:) or the integument upon it. (TA.) ضَارِعٌ: see ضَرَعٌ, in seven places. b2: نُجُومٌ ضَوَارِعُ mean (tropical:) Stars inclining to setting, or to the places of setting. (A and TA in art. خضع.) أَضْرَعُ: see ضَرَعٌ: A2: and for its fem., ضَرْعَآءُ, see ضَرِيعٌ, in three places.

مُضْرِعٌ an epithet applied to a she-camel [and app. to a ewe or she-goat]: see 4.

مُضَرِّعٌ part. n. of the intrans. verb ضَرَّعَ. b2: In the TA, voce كَثْءٌ, مصرع, which is evidently a mistranscription for مُضَرِّعٌ, is expl. as an epithet applied to a preparation of أَقِط (q. v.) as meaning Such as has become thick, or coagulated, and almost thoroughly cooked: on the authority of AHát.]

المُضَارِعُ [as a conventional term of grammar] The future tense; [or rather the aor. st; for it is properly the present, and tropically the future:] so called because it resembles nouns in admitting the desinential syntactical signs. (TA.) مُسْتَضْرِعٌ: see ضَرَعٌ.

منذ

مُنْدُ is a simple word; (K;) or, accord. to some, a compound word, as will be explained hereáfter: (TA:) Sb says, that it is with respect to time like مِنْ with respect to place: (S, L:) it is indecl., [generally] with damm for its termination; and مُذْ is indecl. also, [generally] with its final letter quiescent, (S, L, K,) [unless followed by a quiescent letter, when it is movent in different manners which will be shown below,] and it is formed from مُنْذُ by elision: (M, L, K:) منذ is also written and pronounced مِنْذُ, (M, L, K,) in the dial. of the Benoo-Suleym; (M, L;) and مذ, مِذْ, (M, L, K,) in the dial. of the tribe of 'Okl. (M, L.) Each may be a prep., governing what follows it in the gen. case, and used in the same manner as فِى [signifying In, or during, or from the beginning of]: and in this case, each is prefixed only to that which denotes present time: thus you say, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذُ اللَّيْلَةِ [I have not seen him in this night; or simply I have not seen him this night]: (S, L:) or each is followed by a noun in the gen. case, and in this instance is a prep., in the sense of مِنْ [meaning Since, or lit., from,] when relating to a past time [such as a particular past day or the like]; and in the sense of فِى [meaning In, or from the beginning of,] when relating to the present time; and in the sense of مِنْ and إِلَى

together [meaning From the beginning to the end of; or during the whole course of; or simply during, or for;] when relating to a computed period of time, or number of days or the like: ex. [relating to a past time,] مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْذُ يَوْمِ الخَمِيسِ [I have not seen him since Thursday, إِلَى الْآنَ to the present time]; (Mughnee, K;) and [relating to the present time,] مُنْذُ يَوْمِنَا or عَامِنَا [in, or from the beginning of, (this) our day, or (this) our year;]; and, [relating to a computed period of time, or number of days or the like,] مُنْذُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ

[from the beginning to the end of, i. e., during, or for, three days]. (Mughnee.) Each may also be a noun, governing the noun which follows it in the nom. case, as signifying a particular day or the like, or as signifying a definite length of time: in the case of a noun signifying a particular day or the like, you say, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ يَوْمُ الجُمْعَةِ [I have not seen him (since the commencement of a space of time); the commencement of the space of time thereof (i. e., أَوَّلُ مُدَّةِ عَدَمِ رُؤْيَتِى إِيَّاهُ the commencement of the space of time of my not seeing him) was Friday; meaning, since Friday]: and, in the case of a noun signifying a definite length of time, you say, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ سَنَةٌ, meaning, أَمَدُ ذٰلِكَ سَنَةٌ, [I have not seen him (during, or for, a time); the time thereof (i. e., أَمَدُ عَدَمِ رُؤْيَتِى إِيَّاهُ the time of my not seeing him) is a year; meaning, during, or for, a year;] and the noun in this latter case can only be indeterminate; for you cannot say, مُذْ سَنَةُ كَذَا: (S:) when followed by a noun in the nom. case, as in the instance of مُنْذُ يَوْمَانِ [or, accord. to more approved usage, مُذْ يَوْمَانِ, as will be shown below, The time is two days, meaning during, or for, two days], each is an inchoative, and what follows it is an enunciative; and its meaning is the time with respect to what is present, and to a computed period, or a number of days or the like; and the commencement of the space of time with respect to a past time [such as a particular past day or the like]: or each is an adv. n. [of time], an enunciative, of which what follows is the inchoative, and meaning بَيْنَ وَبَيْنَ, as in the instance of لَقِيتُهُ مُنْذُ يَوْمَانِ, [or, rather, مُذْ يَوْمَانِ,] i. e., بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَ لِقَائِهِ يَوْمَانِ [Two days have been between the time in which I now am and (the time of) my meeting him]: (K:) but this opinion is rejected by Ibn-Hájib. (TA.) Accord. to some of the Arabs, for they differ on this point, مذ governs in the gen. case a noun signifying a past time and one signifying a time not past: and accord. to some of them, منذ governs in the nom. case a noun signifying a past time and one signifying a time not past: (M, L:) but the general and most approved way is to make مذ govern in the gen. case a noun signifying a time not past, and in the nom. case one signifying a time past; and to make منذ govern in the gen. case a noun signifying a time not past and one signifying a time past: (T, M, L:) most of the Arabs hold, that each must govern in the gen. case a noun signifying the present time; and that it is preferable to make منذ govern in the same case, and to make مذ govern in the nom. case, a noun signifying a past time: (Mughnee:) [they therefore say, مُنْذُ اللَّيْلَةِ and مُذُ اللَّيْلَةِ, and مُنْذُ يَوْمِ الخَمِيسِ and مُنْذُ يَوْمَينِ; but they say, مُذْ يَوْمُ الخَمِيسِ and مُذْ يَوْمَانِ.] Some [or, rather, most] say, لَمْ أَرَهُ مُذْ يَوْمَانِ, and لَمْ أَرَهُ مُنْذُ يَوْمَينِ, [I have not seen him for, or during, two days;] making مذ [in these instances] to govern the nom. case; and منذ, the gen. case. (L.) Such is said when the period of separation is a day and part of a day. (Msb, art. شهر.) The Benoo-Dabbeh and Er-Rabáb make مذ to govern the gen. case in every instance. (M, L.) The phrases, مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذْ عَامٌ أَوَّلُ, and مُذْ عَامٌ أَوَّلَ, (S, K, art. وأل; and L,) and مُذْ عَامُ الأَوَّلِ, and مُذْ عَامًا أَوَّلَ, [I have not seen him since last year,] are also mentioned by different authors. (L.) The Arabs generally agree in pronouncing منذ with damm to the ذ when it is followed by a movent or a quiescent letter; (T, M, L;) as in لَمْ أَرَهُ مُنْذُ يَوْمٍ, and مُنْذُ اليَوْمِ: (T, L:) and to pronounce مذ with the ذ quiescent when it is followed by a movent letter, (T, M, L,) and with damm and [sometimes] with kesr when it is followed by a conjunctive ا; (M, L;) as in لَمْ أَرَهُ مُذْ يَوْمَانِ, and لَمْ أَرَهُ مُذُ اليَوْمِ, [and مُذِ اليَوْمِ]: (T, L:) and so say most of the grammarians. (T.) Lh says, The Benoo-'Obeyd, of the tribe of Ghanee, make the ذ of مذ movent when it is followed by a movent or a quiescent letter, and make the noun following it to be in the nom. case, saying مُذُ اليَوْمُ; and some of them pronounce it with kesr when followed by a quiescent letter, saying مُذِ اليَوْمُ; but this is not the proper way. (M, L.) In the phrase مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُذُ اليَوْمِ, the Arabs make the ذ movent because of the occurrence [otherwise] of two quiescent letters together; and they [generally] give it not kesr, but damm, because the latter is the final vowel of its original منذ. (M, L.) One says also, مَا لَقِيتُةُ مُنْذَ اليَوْمِ, and مُذَ اليَوْمِ, which fet-h to the ذ in each. (K.) The Benoo-Suleym are related to have used the expression مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مِنْذُ سِتٌّ [by ستّ meaning six nights], with kesr to the م of منذ, and with the noun following it in the nom. case: and the tribe of 'Okl are related to have used the expression مِذُ يَوْمَانِ, with the ن elided, and with kesr to the م, and damm to the ذ. (M, L.) b2: Each of the two words منذ and مذ is also followed by a verbal proposition, as in the instance مَا زَالَ مُذْ عَقَدَتْ يَدَاهُ إِزَازَهُ [He has not ceased, since his two hands tied his wrapper of the lower part of the body]: or a nominal proposition, as in the instance وَلَا زِلْتُ أَبْغِى المَالَ مُذْ أَنَا يَافِعٌ [And I ceased not to seek wealth from the time of my being a youth, or young man]: in such cases, each is an adv. n. prefixed to the proposition [and governing it virtually in the gen. case], or to a noun significant of time [understood as] prefixed thereto [in the same manner]: or, as some say, each is an inchoative. (K.) b3: The original of مذ is منذ, because they restore the dammeh to the ذ in the case of the occurrence of two quiescent letters together; as in the instance of مُذُ اليَوْمِ, for were not its original with damm, they would give it kesr: [but this some do, as has been shown above:] and because its dim. is مُنَيْذٌ: (K:) for when مذ is used as a proper name of a man, its dim. is thus formed, by restoring the ن, that it may be of the measure فُعَيْلٌ: (IJ, M, L:) or when مذ is a noun, it is originally منذ; and when it is a particle, it is itself original. (K.) b4: Accord. to some, منذ (T, S, L, K) and مذ (K) are originally مِنْ and إِذْ, which are made one word, (T, S, L, K,) by eliding the hemzeh, and then giving damm to the ذ because of the occurrence of two quiescent letters together; (K;) مُنْذُ كَانَ [and مُذْ كَانَ] meaning مِنْ إِذْ كَانَ: (T, L:) but there is nothing to indicate the truth of this opinion: (S, L:) or, as some say, منذ and مذ are originally the prep.

من and ذو in the sense of الَّذِى (L, K) in the dial. of Teiyi: so says Fr.; adding, that when either governs a gen. case, it is used in the manner of مَنْ; and when it governs a nom. case, it is as though one said, [in using the expression مُنْذُ أَوْ مُذْ يَوْمَانِ,] مِنَ الَّذِى هُوَ يَوْمَانِ; and that the former government prevails in the case of منذ because the ن is not suppressed: (L:) or, as some say, they are originally مِنْ and the noun of indication ذَا; so that in the phrase مَا رَأَيْتُهُ مُنْذُ يَوْمَانِ, [accord. to more approved usage, مُذْ يَوْمَانِ,] we virtually say, مِنْ ذَا الْوَقْتِ يَوْمَانِ: but each of these assertions is a deviation from the plain way. (K.)

ميز

1 مَازَهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. مَيْزٌ; (S, A, Msb, K;) and ↓ ميّزهُ (S, K,) inf. n. تَمْيِيزٌ; (S;) or the latter has an intensive signification; (Msb;) He put it, or set it, apart, away, or aside; removed it; or separated it; (S, A, Msb, K;) from another thing, or other things; (Msb;) as also ↓ امازهُ: (K:) [or the second, rather, he did so much, or greatly, or widely; like زَيَّلَهُ.] Yousay, مَازَهُ مِنْهُ, and ↓ ميّزهُ. (A.) Ex. مَازَ الأَذَى مِنَ الطَّرِّيق He put aside, or removed, what was hurtful from the road. (TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [viii. 38,] لِيَمِيزَ اللّٰهُ الخَبِيثَ مِنَ الطَّيِّبِ [That God may separate, or sever, the evil from the good]. (Msb.) [It seems also, from what is said in the A, that مَايَزْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا signifies I separated them two: besides having another signification, which see below.] Yousay also مَازَ الشَّىْءَ, (aor. and inf. n. as above, TA,) meaning, He separated one part of the thing from another; فَصَلَ بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ, (M, TA,) or عَنْ بَعْضٍ: (as in a copy of the A:) expl. in the K as signifying فَضَّلَ بَعْضَهُ عَلَى بَعْضٍ [he judged, or made, part of the thing to excel, or to have excelled, another]; but the explanation in the M is the right. (TA.) And الأَشْيَآءَ ↓ ميّز He separated the things after knowledge of them. (Msb.) b2: [Hence, He distinguished it, or discriminated it, or discerned it. And مَازَ بَيْنَ الأَشْيَآءِ, and بَيْنَهَا ↓ مَيَّزَ, He distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned, between the things. This is what is meant by its being said,] المَيْزُ also signifies التَّمْيِيزُ بَيْنَ الأَشْيَآءِ. (TA.) You say also, بَيْنَهُمَا ↓ مَايَزْتُ [I distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned, between them two]. (A.) From ميّز الاشيآء, meaning as explained above, is [also], app., derived the phrase سِنُّ التَّمْيِيزِ, used by the doctors of practical law, as signifying, [The age of discrimination;] the age at which one knows what things are beneficial to him and what are hurtful to him: or, accord. to some, التَّمْيِيز is a faculty in the brain whereby meanings are elicited. (Msb.) A2: مَازَ [is also intrans., and signifies] He (a man) removed from one place to another. (IAar, K.) See also 8.2 مَيَّزَ see مَازَهُ, throughout.3 مَاْيَزَ see مَازَهُ, in two places.4 أَمْيَزَ see مَازَهُ, first signification.5 تَمَيَّزَ see 8, throughout. b2: You say also, فُلَانٌ يَكَادُ يَتَمَيَّزُ مِنَ الغَيْظِ Such a one almost bursts asunder with wrath, or rage. (S, K. *) The like is said in the Kur, lxvii. 8, tropically, of hell. (A, TA.) 6 تَمَاْيَزَ see 8, throughout.7 إِنْمَيَزَ see 8, throughout.8 امتاز, and ↓ تميّز, (S, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ انماز. (S, A, K,) and ↓ إِمَّازَ, (Lh, TA,) [the last being a variation of that immediately preceding,] and ↓ استماز, (S, A, K,) It was, or became, put, or set, apart, away, or aside; or removed; or separated; (S, A, * Msb, * K;) from another thing, or other things: (Msb:) and the last, ↓ استماز, he went, or withdrew, aside, or to a distance, (K, TA,) عَنِ الشَّىْءِ from the thing. (TA.) All these forms are syn.; but in the phrase مِزْتُهُ فَلَمْ يَمَّزْ [as though signifying I put it, or set it, apart, &c., but it did not remain so] Lh allows the verbs to be only in these two forms: (TA:) [though ↓ انماز is used in other cases; for] you say انماز ↓ عَنْ مُصَلَّاهُ He shifted from his place of prayer; or quitted it for another. (TA.) [See also 1, last signification.] You say also, امتار القَوْمُ, meaning, تميّز ↓ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ [The people were, or became, put, or set, apart, &c., one from another]: (S, TA:) and, as also ↓ تميّزوا, they became on one side: or they became alone, or separate: and the former, they withdrew, in a company or troop, aside; as also ↓ استمازوا: (TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ تمايزوا they became separated: (A:) and they formed themselves into separate companies, or troops, and went away, one from another. (TA. [التَّمَايُزُ being there said to signify التَّحَزُّبُ وَالتَّنَافُرُ.]) b2: [امتاز, and the other forms mentioned above, in the first sentence of the paragraph, as syn. with it, also signify It was, or became, distinguished, or discriminated, or discerned: in which sense, ↓ تميّز is the most common. You say also, تميّز ↓ فُلَانٌ بِالْكَرَمِ Such a one was, or became, distinguished by generosity. And تَمَايَزَتِ ↓ الأَشْيَآءُ and ↓ تُمَيَّزَت The things were, or became, distinguished, or discriminated, one from another; or distinct.]10 إِسْتَمْيَزَ see 8, throughout.

مَيْزٌ inf. n. of 1, q. v. b2: Also, High or elevated rank or condition or state [by which one is distinguished from others]. (TA.) مِيزَةٌ [The act of putting, or setting, apart, away, or aside; of removing, or separating]: a subst. from مَازَهُ. (TA.) b2: [Discrimination, or discernment: and hence,] understanding. (TA.) رَجُلٌ مَيَّازٌ, and ↓ مُمَيِّزٌ, [A man of much discrimination or discernment.] (A.) مُمَيِّزٌ [Distinguishing, or discriminating: and hence, a rational animal]. رَجُلٌ مُمَيِّزٌ: see مَيَّازٌ.

مرط

1 مَرِطَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. مَرَطٌ, (S, Mgh,) He (a man, S) had little, scanty, or thin, hair upon the sides of his face, or of his cheeks; (S;) or upon his body, and eyebrow, and eye, in consequence of a weakness of this last, and of frequent shedding of tears: (K, TA:) or most of his hair fell off. (Mgh.) [See also مرت and مرد].

A2: مَرَطَ, aor. ـُ (S,) inf. n. مَرْطٌ, (K,) He plucked out hair (S, K,) as also ↓ مرّط, (K,) inf. n. تَمْرِيطٌ, (TA,) and feathers, and wool, from the body. (TA.) 2 مَرَّطَ see 1: b2: and 8.

A2: مرّط الثَّوْبَ, inf. n. تَمْرِيطٌ, He shortened the sleeves of the garment, and made it into a مِرْط. (K.) 3 مارطهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُمَارَطَةٌ and مِرَاطٌ, (TA,) He plucked out his hair, and scratched him with his nails. (K.) 4 امرط الشَّعَرُ The hair attained to the time at which it should be plucked out; it was time for it to be plucked out. (S, K.) b2: امرطت النَّخْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The palm-tree dropped, or let fall, its ripe dates (JM, K) in a juicy, or sappy, state. (JM.) A2: امرطت النّاقَةُ وَلَدَهَا The she-camel cast her fœtus in an imperfect state, with no hair upon it. (IDrd.) 5 تمرّط الشَّعَرُ, (S, K,) quasi-pass. of مَرَّطَهُ, (TA,) The hair fell off by degrees; became scattered; (S, * K;) as also ↓ إِمَّرَطَ, of the measure إِفْتَعَلَ, [originally امترط,] (K,) or, [rather,] as in the TS, of the measure إِنْفَعَلَ, [originally إِنْمَرَطَ,] quasi-pass. of مَرَطَهُ. (TA.) [In like manner] you say also, تمرّطت أَوْبَارُ الإِبِلِ The fur of the camels became scattered. (TA.) and قُذَذُ السَّهْمِ ↓ إِمَّرَطَتْ The feathers of the arrow fell off. (TA, from a trad.) And تمرّط الذِّئْبُ The hair of the wolf fell off until little thereof remained upon him. (TA.) [See also مَرِطَ.]7 إِمَّرَطَ [said in the TS to be of the measure انفعل]: see 5, in two places.8 امترطهُ He seized it, took it hastily, or snatched it unawares, (K, TA,) from his hand: (TA:) or he collected it together, (K, TA,) namely, a thing that he had found; as also ↓ مرّطهُ. (TA.) A2: إِمَّرَطَ [said in the K to be of the measure افتعل]: see 5, in two places.

مِرْطٌ A [garment of the kind called] كِسَآء, of wool, or of خَزّ [q. v.], (S, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) or of linen, (TA,) and (tropical:) of hair-cloth, being tropically applied to one of this last description in a trad. of 'Áïsheh, (MF,) used as an إِزَار, [i. e. a waist-wrapper,] (S, Mgh, Msb,) in former times, (S,) and sometimes a woman throws it over her head, (Mgh,) and wraps herself in it: (Mgh, Msb:) or a green [perhaps meaning gray as is often the case] garment: or any garment that is not sewed: (TA:) [see 2:) pl. مُرُوطٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) مُرُطٌ: see أَمْرَطُ, in two places.

مِرْطَاوَانِ: see مُرَيْطَآءُ.

مِرَاطٌ: see أَمْرَطُ.

مَرِيطٌ: see أَمْرَطُ.

مُرَاطَةٌ What falls, of hair, when it is plucked out; (S, K; *) or when it is combed: (K, * TA:) or what is plucked out from the arm-pit. (Lh.) مُرَيْطَى The uvula. (Hr, K.) b2: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

مُرَيْطَآءُ; so accord. to As (S, TA) and AO; accord. to El-Ahmar, ↓ مُرَيْطَى; but As disputed this with him, and overcame him; (TA;) [dim. of مَرْطَآءُ, fem. of أَمْرَطُ;] only used in the dim. form; (TA;) or it has the form of the dim. of مَرْطَآءُ: (Mgh:) The part between the navel and the pubes: (As, S, Mgh, K:) or between the breast and the pubes: (Lth, K:) or a thin skin between the navel and the pubes, (IDrd, K, *) on the right and left, where the hair is plucked out, extending to the groins; (IDrd;) as also ↓ مُرَيْطَى: (TA:) or a thin skin in the belly: (Mgh:) or [the dual] مُرَيْطَاوَانِ signifies the two sides of the pubes of a man, which have no hair upon them: (Mgh, TA; *) or the sing., (accord. to the K,) or the dual, (accord. to the TA,) two veins (K, TA) in the soft parts of the belly, (TA,) upon which he who cries out vehemently bears: (K, TA:) and (the dual, accord. to the TA) the bare part of the lower lip, over which is the سَبَلَة (K, TA) next the nose: (TA:) and (the dual again, accord. to the TA) the parts on either side of the tuft of hair between the lower lip and the chin; as also ↓ مِرْطَاوَانِ, with kesr. (K.) b2: The arm-pit. (K.) A2: A thing with which one ties, binds, or makes fast. (Hr, TA.) مَارِط: see أَمْرَاطُ, in two places.

أَمْرَطُ A man having little, or scanty, or thin, hair upon the sides of his face, or of his cheeks; (S;) or upon his body, and eyebrow, and eye, in consequence of a weakness of this last, and of frequent shedding of tears; (K, TA;) [in the CK, the word شعر is omitted in this explanation;]) or upon his body and breast; when all the hair has gone, he is said to be أَمْلَطُ: (TA:) pl. مُرْطٌ and مِرَطَةٌ; (K;) the former regular; the latter, extr., and thought by ISd to be a quasi-pl. n. (TA.) [The fem.] مَرْطَآءُ signifies A woman having no hair upon her pubes and what is next to it. (IDrd.) You say also هِىَ مَرْطَآءُ الحَاجِبَيْنِ She has little, or scanty, or thin, hair in the eyebrows: the mention of the eyebrows being indispensable. (TA.) And حَاجِبٌ أَمْرَط An eyebrow of which most of the hair has fallen off. (Mgh.) See also أَطْرَطُ. b2: A wolf of which some of the hair has fallen off; (Az, TA;) or whose hair has been plucked out. (K.) b3: And hence, as being likened thereto, (Az, TA,) (tropical:) A thief, or robber; (As, AA, T, S, K;) as also عُمْرُوطٌ. (As, T.) b4: An arrow of which the feathers have fallen off: (S:) or an arrow having no feathers; (K;) as also ↓ مَرِيطٌ and ↓ مِرَاطٌ (K) and ↓ مَارِطٌ (L, TA) and ↓ مُرُطٌ, (S, K,) as in the phrase مُرُطُ القِذَاذِ, in a verse [cited voce مَصْنَعٌ, wrongly asserted to be] of Lebeed, though we may read مُرْط, which is pl. of أَمْرَطُ, as this may be correctly applied as an epithet to the sing. because of the pl. which follows it: (S:) the pl. of ↓ مارط is مُرَّطُ and مَوَارِطُ; (L, TA;) and the pl. of ↓ مُرُطٌ is أَمْرَاطٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (K, TA) and مِرَاطٌ. (S, K.) b5: شَجَرَةٌ مَرْطَآءُ (assumed tropical:) A tree having no leaves upon it. (TA.) نَخْلَةٌ مُمْرِطٌ A palm-tree dropping, or letting fall, its ripe dates (JM, K) in a juicy, or sappy, state. (JM.) And ↓ مِمْرَاطٌ One that usually does so. (JM, K.) A2: نَاقَةٌ مُمْرِطٌ A she-camel casting her fœtus in an imperfect state, with no hair upon it. (JM.) And ↓ مِمْرَاطٌ One that usually does so. (JM.) [See مُمْرِجٌ.]

مِمْرَاطٌ: see مُمْرِطٌ, in two places.

نسب

1 نَسَبَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, K,) inf. n. نَسْبٌ and نِسْبَةٌ; (S;) and aor. ـِ inf. n. نَسَبٌ and نِسْبَةٌ; (K, TA;) He mentioned his [i. e. another's] relationship, [lineage, or genealogy]; (S, K;) saying, He is such a one, the son of such a one; or He is of such a tribe, or city; or of such an art, or such a trade; and the like. (Lb. T.) b2: نَسَبَهُ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَسْبٌ, He traced up his [i. e. another's] lineage to his greatest ancestor. (TA.) b3: نَسَبَهُ, [aor. ـُ He asked him to mention, or tell him, his relationship, [lineage, or genealogy]. (K.) b4: إِلَيْهِ ↓ جَلَسْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَنَسَبَنِى قَانْتَسَبْتُ (tropical:) [I sat by him, and he asked me to tell him my lineage; so I mentioned my lineage to him]. (A.) b5: لَهَا ↓ نَسَبَتْنَا فَانْتَسَبْنَا [She asked us to tell her our lineage; so we mentioned our lineage to her]. (IAar, from a trad.) b6: نَسَبَهُ الى فُلَانٍ He asserted him to be related to such a one: and he referred his lineage, or origin, to such a one. b7: He referred the origin or derivation of his name to such a one. b8: He attributed, or ascribed, it to such a one. See, for ex. صَدَّقَ and كَذَّبَ in the Msb. b9: نَسَبَهُ إِلَى كَذَا (tropical:) He referred its origin, or the origin or derivation of its name, to such a thing. b10: He attributed, or ascribed, it to such a thing. b11: ] نَسَبَهُ إِلَى فُلَانٍ He named him, or called him, in relation, or reference, to such a one; meaning an ancestor: and in like manner, in relation, or reference, to a tribe, a town or district, an art or trade, &c. See نِسْبَةٌ. b12: نَسَبَهُ إلَى كذَا (tropical:) He named it, or called it, in relation, or reference, to such a thing. b13: نَسَبَ إِلَيْهِ كَذَا, and, by inversion, نَسَبَهُ إِلَى

كَذَا, (see S and K, in art. جهل, &c.) (tropical:) He attributed or imputed to him, or charged him with, or accused him of, such a thing; namely, a fault &c. Both phrases are often used as signifying thus by classical writers, and in the present day.] b14: نَسَبَ بِالْمَرْأَةِ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (S,) and نَسُبَ, (L,) inf. n. نَسِيبٌ (S, K) and نَسَبٌ and مَنْسَبَةٌ, (K,) i. q. شَبَّبَ بِهَا; q. v.; (S, K;) He mentioned the woman in an amatory manner, in the beginning [or prelude] of a poem: (TA, voce شبّب:) he mentioned the woman in amatory language, in the beginning of a قَصِيدَة, and then turned to the object of praise: [for it is a general rule to commence a قصيدة in praise of a king, or hero, or the like, with نسيب; the transition from this is termed التَّخَلُّصُ: see also اِقْتَضَبَ:] (IKh:) he mentioned the woman in his poem, describing her as characterized by beauty and youth &c.: (Lb:) or describing her as characterized by good qualities, whether truly or falsely. (Z.) This phrase and نَسَبَ الرَّجُلَ both signify description; the latter signifying “ he described the man with relation to his father, or his city or country, or the like; ” and the former phrase, he described the woman as characterized by beauty and youth and love or affection &c. (IDrst.) نَسِيبٌ is also employed to signify the describing of the places where the objects of love have taken up their abode in the season of the رَبِيع and at other times, and the lover's longing to meet them and be united with them, and what else is comprised in the signification of the words تَشْبِيبٌ and غَزَلٌ. (MF.) [See غَزِلَ, and غَزَلٌ.]3 ناسبهُ He shared with him in relationship. (TA.) b2: فُلَانٌ يُنَاسِبُ فُلَانًا Such a one is related to, or a relation of, such a one. (S.) b3: ناسبه, inf. n. مُنَاسَبَةٌ, (tropical:) He, or it, bore relation to, resembled, was similar to, conformable to, analogous to, correspondent to, suitable to, befitted, him or it. (S, K, Msb.) See also نِسْبَةٌ.4 انسبتِ الرِّيحُ The wind was violent, and drove along the dust and pebbles: (K:) [as also انشبت].5 تنسّب He asserted himself to be a relation, or kinsman, or to be related, [إِلَيْكَ] to thee. Hence the proverb, القَرِيبُ مَنْ تَقَرَّبَ لَا مَنْ تَنَسَّبَ: (S, K:) i. e. He is [indeed] an ally who allies himself by affection and friendship: not he who asserts himself to be a kinsman. (TA.) 6 تناسبوا (tropical:) They were mutually, or reciprocally, related; resembled one another; were similar, conformable, analogous, correspondent, or suitable, one to another; befitted one another. (TA.) See also نِسْبَةٌ. b2: [And تناسب It was suitable in its parts, proportionate, symmetrical, or uniform.]8 إِنْتَسَبَ See 10 and 1. b2: انتسب إِلَى أَبِيهِ He asserted his relationship to his father, whether truly or falsely; (S;) [saying, I am the son of such a one: as was generally done by a champion when he sallied forth to challenge]. b3: انتسب إِلَيْهِ It (a voice) was attributed, or ascribed, to him. (TA, art. غنث.) 10 استنسب (K) and ↓ انتسب (TA) He mentioned his [i. e. his own] relationship, [lineage, or genealogy]. (K.) One says to a man, in asking him respecting his relationship, &c., إِسْتَنْسِبْ لَنَا أَىْ إِنْتَسِبْ لَنَا حَتَّى نَعْرِفَكَ [Mention thy relationship, or lineage, to us, that we may know thee]. (Az.) Q. Q. 1 نَيْسَبَ بَيْنَهُمَا, inf. n. نَيْسَبَةٌ, He went to and fro between them two with malicious and mischievous misrepresentations, calumnies, or slanders, &c. (L, K.) نَسْبٌ: see نَسَبٌ.

نَسَبٌ and ↓ نِسْبَهٌ and ↓ نُسْيَةٌ (S, K) Relationship; relation; kindred; consanguinity; [family; race; lineage; parentage; pedigree; genealogy; origin; reputed relationship or lineage or origin;] (K;) with respect to father and mother; (ISk;) or with respect to fathers only: (K:) pl. of the first, أَنْسَابٌ; (S;) of the ↓ second, نِسَبٌ; and of the ↓ third, نُسَبٌ. (Msb.) The first, by poetical license, is contracted into ↓ نَسْبٌ. (T.) [You say,] بَيْنَهُمَا نَسَبٌ Between them is relationship; said whether they may lawfully marry one another, or not. (Msb.) See نَسِيبٌ.

نِسْبَةٌ (tropical:) Relation; proportion; comparison; with respect to quantity, or measure, and the like. See نَسَبٌ. b2: بِنِسْبَةِ كَذَا In proportion to such a thing. b3: نِسْبَةُ العَشَرَةِ إِلَى المِائَةِ The proportion of ten to a hundred is [that of a tenth]. (Msb.) b4: [You also say بِالنِّسْبَةِ إِلَى كَذَا In relation to, or in comparison with, such a thing.] b5: نِسْبَةٌ A name of relation to a father, mother, tribe, town or district, art or trade, &c.: [as عَلَوِىٌّ, فَاطِمِىٌّ, قُرَشِىٌّ, مَكِّىٌّ, جَوْهَرِىٌّ:] ending with ىّ. A more general name of this kind should precede a more particular one: thus you say القُرَشِىُّ الهَاشِمِىُّ: and it is better that a name of relation to a tribe should precede one of relation to a town or the like: thus you say القُرَشِىُّ المَكِّىُّ. It is said that the Arabs originally called themselves by such names only in relation to tribes; and that, when they took up their abodes in cultivated lands and in cities, they borrowed names of relation to towns and the like from the Persians and Copts. (Msb.) b6: نِسْبَةٌ (TA) and ↓ مُنَاسَبَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ تَنَاسُبٌ (TA) (tropical:) Resemblance; similarity; conformity; analogy; correspondence; suitableness; fitness. (S, K, TA.) Ex. بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ نسبةٌ, and ↓ مناسبةٌ, and ↓ تناسبٌ, Between the two things is a resemblance, &c. بَيْنَهُمَا نسبةٌ قَرِيبَةٌ. Between them two is a near resemblance, &c. (TA.) [نِسْبَةٌ حُكْمِيَّةٌ The relation of a predicate to its subject (in books on logic).]

نُسْبَةٌ: see نَسَبٌ.

نَسِيبٌ i. q. ↓ مُنَاسِبٌ, [A sharer in relationship; one who becomes a sharer in relationship by marriage]: (K:) pl. نُسَبَاءُ and أَنْسِبَاءُ.) (TA.) b2: نَسِيبٌ (S, K) and ↓ مَنْسُوبٌ (K) One related; a relation; a kinsman. (S, K, TA.) You say فُلَانٌ نَسِيبِى [Such a one is my relation]: and هُمْ أَنْسِبَائِى [They are my relations]. (TA.) ↓ نَسَبٌ, also, is used for ذُو نَسَبٍ [A relation, or kinsman]; and means a male, or female, relation; (Jel, xxv. 56;) and for ذَوُو نَسَبٍ [relations, or kinsmen]. (Bd, ibid.) [See also صِهْرٌ.] b3: نَسِيبٌ and ↓ مَنْسُوبٌ A man of rank, or quality, or the like, and of family, or lineage. (TA.) b4: ↓ نَسِيبٌ نَاسبٌ [An elegant amatory mentioning of a woman, or of women, in the beginning of a poem] is a phrase like شَعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ. (K.) See أَنْسَبُ.

نَسَّابٌ (K) and ↓ نَسَّابَةٌ (S, K.) Skilful in genealogy: (K:) [or rather, the former signifies very skilful in genealogies; or a great genealogist:] the latter, possessing the utmost knowledge in genealogies; or a most skilful genealogist: [this being of a doubly intensive form;] the ة being annexed to render the epithet one of excessive praise: (S:) pl. of the former نَسَّابُونَ, and of the latter نَسَّابَاتٌ: (TA:) you say عِنْدِى ثَلَاثَةُ نسّاباتٍ, meaning ثلاثة رِجَالٍ نسّاباتٍ. (S.) نَسَّابَةٌ: see نَسَّابٌ.

نَاسِبٌ: see نَسِيبٌ.

نَيْسَبٌ A straight, or direct, and conspicuous, or open, road, or way: (K:) or narrow road, or way: (TA:) as also ↓ نَيْسَبَانٌ: (K:) some say نَيْسَمٌ, which is a dial. form: (TA:) or نيسب signifies the traces of a road, or way. (K.) b2: Also نَيْسَبٌ Ants that appear like a road; (S;) ants following one another uninterruptedly. (K.) Dukeyn Ibn-Rejà says, عَيْنًا تَرَى النَّاسَ إِلَيْهَا نَيْسَبَا [A source to which thou seest the people (repairing like) ants proceeding in uninterrupted succession]. (S.) b3: Also, the track of ants, (ISd, K,) and of a serpent, and of wild asses going to their watering-places. (TA.) نَيْسَبَانٌ: see نَيْسَبٌ.

هٰذَا الشِّعْرُ أَنْسَبُ This poetry is more, or most. elegant in what is termed نَسِيب. see 2: (K:) as though they had said نَسِيبٌ نَاسِبٌ, like شِعْرٌ شَاعِرٌ, to give intensiveness to the signification, and thence formed the word أَنْسَبُ. (TA.) خَطٌّ مَنْسُوبٌ [A] regular [hand-writing]: syn. ذُو قَاعِدَةٍ: (TA:) [properly, named in relation to its author &c.] b2: شِعْرٌ مَنْسُوبٌ Poetry, or a poem, in which is نَسِيب, [or an amatory mention of a woman, or women, in its beginning]: pl. مَنَاسِيبُ. (K.) See نَسِيبٌ.

مُنَاسِبٌ: see نَسِيبٌ.

مُنَاسَبَةٌ and تَنَاسُبٌ: see نِسْبَةٌ.

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.