علم السحر
هو: علم يستفاد منه حصول ملكة نفسانية يقتدر بها على أفعال غريبة بأشياء خفية قاله في كشاف اصطلاحات الفنون.
وفي كشف الظنون: هو ما خفي سببه وصعب استنابطه لأكثر العقول.
وحقيقته: كل ما سحر العقول وانقادت إليه النفوس بخدعة وتعجب واستحسان فتميل إلى إصغاء الأقوال والأفعال الصادرة عن الساحر.
فعلى هذا التقدير هو: علم باحث عن معرفة الأحوال الفلكية وأوضاع الكواكب وعن ارتباط كل منها مع الأمور الأرضية من المواليد الثلاثة على وجه خاص ليظهر من ذلك الارتباط والامتزاج عللها وأسبابها وتركيب الساحر في أوقات المناسبة من الأوضاع الفلكية والأنظار الكوكبية بعض المواليد ببعض فيظهر ما جل أثره وخفي سببه من أوضاع عجيبة وأفعال غريبة تحيرت فيها العقول وعجزت عن حل خفاها أفكار الفحول.
أما منفعة هذا: العلم فالاحتراز عن عمله لأنه محرم شرعا إلا أن يكون لدفع ساحر يدعي النبوة فعند ذلك يفترض وجود شخص قادر لدفعه بالعمل ولذلك قال بعض العلماء:
إن تعلم السحر فرض كفاية وإباحة الأكثرون دون عمله إلا إذا تعين لدفع المتنبي.
واختلف الحكماء في طرق السحر:
فطريق الهند: بتصفية النفس وطريق النبط: بعمل العزائم في بعض الأوقات المناسبة.
وطريق اليونان: بتسخير روحانية الأفلاك والكواكب.
وطريق العبرانيين والقبط والعرب: بذكر بعض الأسماء المجهولة المعاني فكأنه قسم من العزائم زعموا أنهم سخروا الملائكة القاهرة للجن. فمن الكتب المؤلفة في هذا الفن: الإيضاح للأندلسي والبساطين لاستخدام الأنس وأرواح الجن والشياطين وبغية الناشد ومطلب القاصد على طريقة العبرانيين والجمهرة أيضا ورسائل أرسطو إلى الإسكندر وغاية الحكيم للمجريطي وكتاب طيماؤس وكتاب الوقوفات للكواكب على طريقة اليونانيين وكتاب سحر النبط لابن وحشية وكتاب العمي على طريقة العبرانيين ومرآة المعاني في إدراك العالم الإنساني على طريقة الهند انتهى ما في كشف الظنون
وفي تاريخ ابن خلدون علم السحر والطلسمات هو: علم بكيفية استعدادات تقتدر النفوس البشرية بها على التأثيرات في عالم العناصر إما بغير معين أو بمعين من الأمور السماوية والأول هو: السحر والثاني: هو الطلسمات.
ولما كانت هذه العلوم مهجورة عند الشرائع لما فيها من الضرر ولما يشترط فيها من الوجهة إلى غير الله من كوكب أو غيره كانت كتبها كالمفقود بين الناس إلا ما وجد في كتب الأمم الأقدمين فيما قبل نبوة موسى عليه السلام مثل: النبط والكلدانيين فإن جميع من تقدمه من الأنبياء لم يشرعوا الشرائع ولا جاؤوا بالأحكام إنما كانت كتبهم مواعظ توحيد الله وتذكير بالجنة والنار وكانت هذه العلوم في أهل بابل من السريانيين والكلدانيين وفي أهل مصر من القبط وغيرهم وكان لهم فيها التأليف والآثار ولم يترجم لنا من كتبهم فيها إلا القليل مثل:
الفلاحة النبطية من أوضاع أهل بابل فأخذ الناس منها هذا العلم وتفننوا فيه ووضعت بعد ذلك الأوضاع مثل: مصاحف الكواكب السبعة وكتاب طمطم الهندي في صور الدرج والكواكب وغيرهم.
ثم ظهر بالمشرق جابر بن حيان كبير السحرة في هذه الملة فتصفح كتب القوم واستخرج الصناعة وغاص على زبدتها واستخرجها ووضع فيها غيرها من التآليف وأكثر الكلام فيها وفي صناعة السيمياء لأنها من توابعها لأن إحالة الأجسام النوعية من صورة إلى أخرى إنما يكون بالقوة النفسية لا بالصناعة العملية فهو من قبيل السحر ثم جاء مسلمة بن أحمد المجريطي إمام أهل الأندلس في التعاليم والسحريات فلخص جميع تلك الكتب وهذبها وجمع طرقها في كتابه الذي سماه غاية الحكيم ولم يكتب أحد في هذا العلم بعده ولنقدم هنا مقدمة يتبين بها حقيقة السحر وذلك أن النفوس البشرية وإن كانت واحدة بالنوع فهي مختلفة بالخواص وهي أصناف كل صنف مختص بخاصية واحدة بالنوع لا توجد في الصنف الآخر وصارت تلك الخواص فطرة وجبلة لصنفها.
فنفوس الأنبياء عليهم السلام لها خاصية تستعد بها للمعرفة الربانية ومخاطبة الملائكة عليهم السلام عن الله - سبحانه وتعالى - كما مر وما يتبع ذلك من التأثير في الأكوان واستجلاب روحانية الكواكب للتصرف فيها والتأثير بقوة نفسانية أو شيطانية.
فأما تأثير الأنبياء فمدد إلهي وخاصية ربانية ونفوس الكهنة لها خاصية الاطلاع على المغيبات بقوى شيطانية وهكذا كل صنف مختص بخاصية لا توجد في الآخر.
والنفوس الساحرة على مراتب ثلاثة يأتي شرحها:
فأولها: المؤثرة بالهمة فقط من غير إله ولا معين وهذا هو الذي تسميه الفلاسفة: السحر.
والثاني: بمعين من مزاج الأفلاك أو العناصر أو خواص الأعداد ويسمونه: الطلسمات وهو أضعف رتبة من الأول. والثالث: تأثير في القوى المتخيلة يعمد صاحب هذا التأثير إلى القوى المتخيلة فيتصرف فيها بنوع من التصرف ويلقي فيها أنواعا من الخيالات والمحاكات وصورا مما يقصده من ذلك ثم ينزلها إلى الحسن من الرائين بقوة نفسه المؤثرة فيه فينظر الراؤون كأنها في الخارج وليس هناك شيء من ذلك كما يحكي عن بعضهم أنه يرى البساتين والأنهار والقصور وليس هناك شيء من ذلك ويسمى هذا عند الفلاسفة: الشعوذة أو الشعبذة هذا تفصيل مراتبه.
ثم هذه الخاصية تكون في الساحرة بالقوة شأن القوى البشرية كلها وإنما تخرج إلى الفعل بالرياضة ورياضة السحر كلها إنما تكون بالتوجه إلى الأفلاك والكواكب والعوالم العلوية والشياطين بأنواع التعظيم والعبادة والخضوع والتذلل فهي لذلك وجهه إلى غير الله وسجود له والوجهة إلى غير الله كفر فلهذا كان السحر كفرا والكفر من مواده وأسبابه كما رأيت ولهذا اختلف الفقهاء في قتل الساحر هل هو لكفره السابق على فعله أو لتصرفه بالإفساد وما ينشأ عنه من الفساد في الأكوان والكل حاصل منه.
ولما كانت المرتبتان الأوليان من السحر لهما حقيقة في الخارج والمرتبة الأخيرة الثالثة لا حقيقة لها اختلف العلماء في السحر هل هو حقيقة أو إنما هو تخييل؟
فالقائلون بأن له حقيقة: نظروا إلى المرتبتين الأوليين.
والقائلون بأن لا حقيقة له: نظروا إلى المرتبة الثالثة الأخيرة فليس بينهم اختلاف في نفس الأمر بل إنما جاء من قبل اشتباه هذه المراتب والله أعلم.
واعلم أن وجود السحر لا مرية فيه بين العقلاء من أجل التأثير الذي ذكرناه وقد نطق به القرآن قال الله تعالى: {وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى يَقُولا إِنَّمَا نَحْنُ فِتْنَةٌ فَلا تَكْفُرْ فَيَتَعَلَّمُونَ مِنْهُمَا مَا يُفَرِّقُونَ بِهِ بَيْنَ الْمَرْءِ وَزَوْجِهِ وَمَا هُمْ بِضَارِّينَ بِهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ} .
وسحر رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - حتى كان يخيل إليه أنه يفعل الشيء ولا يفعله وجعل سحره في مشط ومشاقة وجف طلعة ودفن في بئر ذروان فأنزل الله عز وجل عليه في المعوذتين {وَمِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ} .
قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها: فكان لا يقرأ على عقدة من تلك العقد التي سحر فيها إلا انحلت.
وأما وجود السحر في أهل بابل وهم الكلدانيون من النبط والسريانيون فكثير ونطق به القرآن وجاءت به الأخبار
وكان للسحر في بابل ومصر زمان بعثه موسى عليه السلام أسواق نافقة ولهذا كانت معجزة موسى من جنس ما يدعون ويتناغون فيه وبقي من آثار ذلك في البرابي بصعيد مصر شواهد دالة على ذلك ورأينا بالعيان من يصور صورة الشخص المسحور بخواص أشياء مقابلة لما نواه وحلوله موجودة بالمسحور وأمثال تلك المعاني من أسماء وصفات في التأليف والتفريق
ثم يتكلم على تلك الصورة التي أقامها مقام الشخص المسحور عينا أو معنى ثم ينفث من ريقه بعد اجتماعه في فيه بتكرير مخارج تلك الحروف من الكلام السوء ويعقد على ذلك المعنى في سبب أعده لذلك تفاؤلا بالعقد واللزام وأخذ العهد على من أشرك به من الجن في نفثه في فعله ذلك استشعارا للعزيمة ولتلك البنية والأسماء السيئة روح خبيثة تخرج منه مع النفخ متعلقة بريقه الخارج من فيه بالنفث فتنزل عنها أرواح خبيثة ويقع عن ذلك بالمسحور ما يحاوله الساحر.
وشاهدنا أيضا من المنتحلين للسحر عمله من يشير إلى كساء أو جلد ويتكلم عليه في سره فإذا هو مقطوع مترف ويشير إلى بطون الغنم كذلك في مراعيها بالبعج فإذا أمعاؤها ساقطة من بطونها إلى الأرض.
وسمعنا أن بأرض الهند لهذا العهد من يشير إلى إنسان فيتحتت قلبه ويقع ميتا وينقب عن قلبه فلا يوجد في حشاه ويشير إلى الرمانة وتفتح فلا يوجد من حبوبها شيء.
وكذلك سمعنا أن بأرض السودان وأرض الترك من يسحر السحاب فيمطر الأرض المخصوصة.
وكذلك رأينا من عمل الطلسمات عجائب في الأعداد المتحابة وهي رك رف د أحد العددين مائتان وعشرون والآخر مائتان وأربعة وثمانون.
ومعنى المتحابة: أن أجزاء كل واحد التي فيه من نصف وثلث وربع وسدس وخمس وأمثالها إذا جمع كان مساويا للعدد الآخر صاحبه فيسمى لأجل ذلك: المتحابة.
ونقل أصحاب الطلسمات: أن لتلك الأعداد أثرا في الإلفة بين المتحابين واجتماعهما إذا وضع لهما مثالان أحدهما بطالع الزهرة وهي في بيتها أو شرفها ناظرة إلى القمر نظر مودة وقبول ويجعل طالع الثاني سابع الأول ويضع على أحد التمثالين أحد العددين والآخر على الآخر ويقصد بالأكثر الذي يراد ائتلافه أعني المحبوب ما أدري الأكثر كمية أو الأكثر أجزاء فيكون لذلك من التأليف العظيم بين المتحابين ما لا يكاد ينفك أحدهما عن الآخر قاله صاحب الغاية وغيره من أئمة هذا الشأن وشهدت له التجربة.
وكذا طابع الأسد ويسمى أيضا: طابع الحصى وهو أن يرسم في قالب هذا الطابع صورة أسد شائلا ذنبه عاضا على حصاة قد قسمها بنصفين وبين يديه صورة حية منسابة من رجليه إلى قبالة وجهه فاغرة فاها إلى فيه وعلى ظهره صورة عقرب تدب ويتحين برسمه حلول الشمس بالوجه الأول أو الثالث من الأسد بشرط صلاح النيرين وسلامتهما من النحوس فإذا وجد ذلك وعثر عليه طبع في ذلك الوقت في مقدار المثقال فما دونه من الذهب وغمس بعد في الزعفران محلولا بماء الورد ورفع في خرقة حرير صفراء فإنهم يزعمون أن لممسكه من العز على السلاطين في مباشرتهم وخدمتهم وتسخيرهم له ما لا يعبر عنه وكذلك السلاطين فيه من القوة والعز على من تحت أيديهم ذكر ذلك أيضا أهل هذا الشأن في الغاية وغيرها وشهدت له التجرية.
وكذلك وفق المسدس المختص بالشمس ذكروا أنه يوضع عند حلول الشمس في شرفها وسلامتها من النحوس وسلامة القمر بطالع ملوكي يعتبر فيه نظر صاحب العاشر لصاحب الطالع نظر مودة وقبول ويصلح فيه ما يكون في مواليد الملوك من الأدلة الشريفة ويرفع خرقة حرير صفراء بعد أن يغمس في الطيب فزعموا أنه له أثرا في صحابة الملوك وخدمتهم ومعاشرتهم وأمثال ذلك كثيرة.
وكتاب الغاية لمسلمة بن أحمد المجريطي هو مدون هذه الصناعة وفيه استيفاؤها وكمال مسائلها. وذكر لنا1 أن الإمام الفخر بن الخطيب وضع كتابا في ذلك وسماه: بالسر المكتوم وإنه بالمشرق يتداوله أهله ونحن لم نقف عليه والإمام لم يكن من أئمة هذا الشأن فيما نظن ولعل الأمر بخلاف ذلك وبالمغرب صنف من هؤلاء المنتحلين لهذه الأعمال السحرية يعرفون بالبعاجين وهم الذين ذكرت أولا أنهم يشيرون إلى الكساء أو الجلد فيتخرق ويشيرون إلى بطون الغنم بالبعج فتنبعج ويسمى أحدهم لهذا العهد باسم: البعاج لأن أكثر ما ينتحل من السحر بعج الأنعام يرتب بذلك أهلها ليعطوه من فضلها وهم متسترون بذلك في الغاية خوفا على أنفسهم من الحكام لقيت منهم جماعة وشاهدت من أفعالهم هذه بذلك وأخبروني أن لهم وجهة ورياضة خاصة بدعوات كفرية وإشراك روحانيات الجن والكواكب سطرت فيها صحيفة عندهم تسمى الخزيرية يتدارسونها وإن بهذه الرياضة والوجهة يصلون إلى حصول هذه الأفعال لهم وإن التأثير الذي لهم إنما هو فيما سوى الإنسان الحر من المتاع والحيوان والرقيق يعبرون عن ذلك بقولهم: إنما انفعل فيما تمشي فيه الدراهم أي: ما يملك ويباع ويشترى من سائر الممتلكات هذا ما زعموه وسألت بعضهم فأخبرني به.
وأما أفعالهم فظاهرة موجودة وقفنا على الكثير منها وعاينتها من غير ريبة في ذلك هذا شأن السحر والطلسمات وآثارهما في العالم
فأما الفلاسفة ففرقوا بين السحر والطلسمات بعد أن أثبتوا أنهما جميعا أثر للنفس الإنسانية واستدلوا على وجود الأثر للنفس الإنسانية بأن لها آثارا في بدنها على غير المجرى الطبعي وأسبابه الجسمانية بل آثار عارضة من كيفيات الأرواح تارة كالسخونة الحادثة عن الفرح والسرور من جهة التصورات النفسانية أخرى كالذي يقع من قبل التوهم فإن الماشي على حرف حائط أو على حبل منتصب إذا قوي عنده توهم السقوط سقط بلا شك ولهذا تجد كثيرا من الناس يعودون أنفسهم ذلك حتى يذهب عنهم هذا الوهم فتجدهم يمشون على حرف الحائط والحبل المنتصب ولا يخافون السقوط فثبت أن ذلك من آثار النفس الإنسانية وتصورها للسقوط من أجل الوهم وإذا كان ذلك أثرا للنفس في بدنها من غير الأسباب الجسمانية الطبيعية فجائز أن يكون لها مثل هذا الأثر في غير بدنها إذ نسبتها إلى الأبدان في ذلك النوع من التأثير واحدة لأنها غير حالة في البدن ولا منطبعة فيه فثبت أنها مؤثرة في سائر الأجسام.
وأما التفرقة عندهم بين السحر والطلسمات فهو: أن السحر لا يحتاج الساحر فيه إلى معين وصاحب الطلسمات يستعين بروحانيات الكواكب وأسرار الأعداد وخواص الموجودات وأوضاع الفلك المؤثرة في عالم العناصر كما يقوله المنجمون.
ويقولون: السحر اتحاد روح بروح. والطلسم: اتحاد روح بجسم.
ومعناه عندهم: ربط الطبائع العلوية السماوية بالطبائع السفلية.
والطبائع العلوية هي: روحانيات الكواكب ولذلك يستعين صاحبه في غالب الأمر بالنجامة.
والساحر عندهم: غير مكتسب لسحره بل هو مفطور عندهم على تلك الجبلة المختصة بذلك النوع من التأثير.
والفرق عندهم بين المعجزة والسحر أن المعجزة إلهية تبعث في النفس ذلك التأثير فهو مؤيد بروح الله على فعله ذلك والساحر إنما يفعل ذلك من عند نفسه وبقوته النفسانية وبإمداد الشياطين في بعض الأحوال.
فبينهما الفرق في المعقولية والحقيقة والذات في نفس الأمر وإنما نستدل نحن على التفرقة بالعلامات الظاهرة وهي: وجود المعجزة لصاحب الخير وفي مقاصد الخير وللنفوس المتمحضة للخير والتحدي بها على دعوى النبوة والسحر إنما يوجد لصاحب الشر وفي أفعال الشر في الغالب من التفريق بين الزوجين وضرر الأعداء وأمثال ذلك وللنفوس المتمحضة للشر
هذا هو الفرق بينهما عند الحكماء الإلهيين وقد يوجد لبعض المتصوفة وأصحاب الكرامات تأثير أيضا في أحوال العالم وليس معدودا من جنس السحر وإنما هو بالإمداد الإلهي لأن طريقتهم ونحلتهم من آثار النبوة وتوابعها ولهم في المدد الإلهي حظ على قدر حالهم وإيمانهم وتمسكهم بكلمة الله وإذا اقتدر أحد منهم على أفعال الشر فلا يأتيها لأنه متقيد فيما يأتيه ويذره للأمر الإلهي فما لا يقع لهم فيه الإذن لا يأتونه بوجه ومن أتاه منهم فقد عدل عن طريق الحق وربما سلب حاله.
ولما كانت المعجزة بإمداد روح الله والقوى الإلهية فلذلك لا يعارضها شيء من السحر وانظر شأن سحرة فرعون مع موسى في معجزة العصا كيف تلقفت ما كانوا يأفكون وذهب سحرهم واضمحل كأن لم يكن وكذلك لما أنزل على النبي - صلى الله عليه وسلم - في المعوذتين {وَمِنْ شَرِّ النَّفَّاثَاتِ فِي الْعُقَدِ} قالت عائشة رضي الله عنها: فكان لا يقرؤها على عقدة من العقد التي سحر فيها إلا انحلت فالسحر لا يثبت مع اسم الله وذكره.
وقد نقل المؤرخون أن زركش كاويان وهي راية كسرى كان فيه الوفق المئيني العددي منسوجا بالذهب في أوضاع فلكية رصدت لذلك الوفق ووجدت الراية يوم قتل رستم بالقادسية واقعة على الأرض بعد انهزام أهل فارس وشتاتهم وهو الطلسمات والأوفاق مخصوص بالغلب في الحروب وإن الراية التي يكون فيها أو معها لا تنهزم أصلا إلا أن هذه عارضها المدد الإلهي من إيمان أصحاب رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - وتمسكهم بكلمة الله فانحل معها كل عقد سحري ولم يثبت وبطل ما كانوا يعملون.
وأما الشريعة فلم تفرق بين السحر والطلسمات وجعلتهما بابا واحدا محظورا لأن الأفعال إنما أباح لنا الشارع منها ما يهمنا في ديننا الذي فيه صلاح آخرتنا أو في معاشنا الذي فيه صلاح دنيانا وما لا يهمنا في شيء منهما فإن كان فيه ضرر ونوع ضرر كالسحر الحاصل ضرره بالوقوع يلحق به الطلسمات لأن أثرهما واحد وكالنجامة التي فيها نوع ضرر باعتقاد التأثير فتفسد العقيدة الإيمانية برد الأمور إلى غير الله تعالى فيكون حينئذ ذلك الفعل محظورا على نسبته في الضرر وإن لم يكن مهما علينا ولا فيه ضرر فلا أقل من أن تركه قربة إلى الله فإن من حسن إسلام المرء تركه ما لا يعنيه فجعلت الشريعة باب السحر والطلسمات والشعوذة بابا واحدا لما فيها من الضرر وخصته بالحظر والتحريم.
وأما الفرق عندهم بين المعجزة والسحر: فالذي ذكره المتكلمون أنه راجع إلى التحدي وهو دعوى وقوعها على وفق ما ادعاه قالوا: والساحر مصروف عن مثل هذا التحدي فلا يقع منه وقوع المعجزة على وفق دعوى الكاذب غير مقدور لأن دلالة المعجزة على الصدق عقلية لأن صفة نفسها التصديق فلو وقعت مع الكذب لاستحال الصادق كاذبا وهو محال فإذا لا تقع المعجزة مع الكاذب بإطلاق.
وأما الحكماء: فالفرق بينهما عندهم كما ذكرناه فرق ما بين الخير والشر في نهاية الطرفين فالساحر لا يصدر منه الخير ولا يستعمل في أسباب الخير وصاحب المعجزة لا يصدر منه الشر ولا يستعمل في أسباب الشر فكأنهما على طرفي النقيض في أصل فطرتهم والله يهدي من يشاء وهو القوي العزيز لا رب سواه.
ومن قبيل هذه التأثيرات النفسانية الــإصابة بالعين وهو تأثير من نفس المعيان عندما يستحسن بعينه مدركا من الذوات أو الأحوال ويفرط في استحسانه وينشأ عن ذلك الاستحسان حينئذ أنه يروم معه سلب ذلك الشيء عمن اتصف به فيؤثر فساده وهو جبلة فطرية أعني هذه الــإصابة بالعين.
والفرق بينها وبين التأثيرات وإن كان منها ما لا يكتسب أن صدورها راجع إلى اختيار فاعلها والفطري منها قوة صدروها لا نفس صدروها ولهذا قالوا: القاتل بالسحر أو بالكرامة يقتل والقاتل بالعين لا يقتل وما ذلك إلا لأنه ليس مما يريده ويقصده أو يتركه وإنما هو مجبور في صدوره عنه والله أعلم بما في الغيوب ومطلع على ما في السرائر انتهى كلام ابن خلدون ومن عينه نقلت هنا وفي كل موضع من هذا الكتاب والله تعالى الموفق للحق والصواب.

حد

1 جَحَدَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. جَحْدٌ and جُحُودٌ, He denied a thing; disacknowledged it; (L, MF;) in an absolute sense, whether knowing it to be otherwise than as he represented it to be or not. (MF.) [It is used by grammarians, and often by others, as relating to something past, or supposed or asserted to be past; and thus, in a more restricted sense than نَفَى.] You say, جَحَدَهُ حَقَّهُ, and بِحَقِّهِ, inf. ns. as above; [and ↓ جاحدهُ; (see 3 in art. كبر, where جاحَدَهُ is used in explaining كَابَرَهُ; and see what follows;)] He denied, or disacknowledged, his right, or due, knowing it to be such, (S, A, * Msb, K, MF,) and also, not knowing it; (MF;) the doing of which is also termed مُكَابَرَةٌ: (TA:) but accord. to some, it is made trans. by means of ب only by its being made to imply the meaning of كَفَرَ. (MF.) A2: Also جَحَدَهُ, He found him to be niggardly, or avaricious: (K:) or he found him to possess little good; i. e., to be either niggardly or poor. (TA.) A3: جَحِدَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. جَحْدٌ, (S,) He (a man) was, or became, niggardly, or avaricious; (S;) possessed little good; (S, K;) as also ↓ اجحد: (S:) or his property became dissipated or dispersed, and passed away; and so ↓ the latter verb. (AA, TA.) b2: It (anything, TA) was, or became, little in quantity, or scanty. (K, TA.) b3: It (a person's life, TA) was, or became, strait, and difficult. (K, * TA.) b4: It (a plant) was, or became, scanty; (S;) did not grow tall. (S, K.) b5: جَحِدَتِ الأَرْضُ The land became dry, and of no good. (L.) b6: جَحَدَ عَامُنَا [Our year was, or became, one of little rain: see جَحِدٌ]. (A.) 3 حَاْدَّ see 1.4 أَحْدَ3َ see 1, in two places.

جَحْدٌ and ↓ جُحْدٌ and ↓ جَحَدٌ Paucity, or scantiness, of good; (S, K;) which means both niggardliness and poverty: (A:) straitness of the means of subsistence; as also ↓ جُحُودٌ. (TA.) One says, ↓ نَكَدًا لَهُ وَجَحَدًا (S) and نُكْدًا لَهُ

↓ وَجُحْدًا (L in art. نكد) [May God decree straitness, or difficulty, to him, and poverty]: a form of imprecation. (TA.) A2: جَحْدٌ as an epithet, fem. with ة: see جَحْدٌ, in three places.

جُحْدٌ: see جَحْدٌ, in four places.

جَحَدٌ: see جَجْدٌ, in four places.

جَحِدٌ (S, K) and ↓ جَجْدٌ and ↓ أَجْحَدُ (K) A man niggardly, or avaricious; (S;) possessing little good. (S, K.) [Hence,] ↓ أَرْضٌ جَحْدَةٌ Dry land, in which is no good. (L.) And عَامٌ جَحِدٌ, (S,) or ↓ جَحْدٌ, (A,) A year in which is little rain. (S.) b2: Also جَحِدٌ, A thick and short horse: fem. with ة: pl. جِحَادٌ. (K.) جُحُودٌ: see جَحْدٌ.

جَحَّادٌ (applied to a man, TA) Slow in emitting his seminal fluid; syn. بَطىْءُ الإِنْزَالِ. (K.) أَجْحَدُ: see جَحِدٌ.

حد

1 حَدَّ, (A, Mgh, Msb,) aor. ـُ (Mgh, TA,) inf. n. حَدّق, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) He, or it, prevented, hindered, impeded, withheld, restrained, debarred, inhibited, forbade, prohibited, or interdicted: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, TA:) this is the primary signification: (Mgh:) and he repelled, turned away, or averted, (L, K, TA,) evil [or the like], and also a person from a thing, good or evil. (L.) You say, حَدَّ الرَّجُلَ عَنِ الأَمْرِ He prevented, or hindered, and withheld, or restrained, the man from the thing, or affair. (L.) And حَدَدْتُ فُلانًا عَنِ الشَّرِّ I prevented, or hindered, such a one from [falling into], or preserved him from, evil. (L.) And قَدْ حَدَّ اللّٰهُ ذٰلِكَ عَنَّا [God hath forbidden us that]. (S.) and اَللّٰهُمَّ احْدُودْهُ (T, A, L) O God, prevent him from hitting the mark: said with reference to a man shooting, or casting a missile weapon, or the like. (T, L.) And حُدَّ He (a man) was prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good fortune, success, or what he desired or sought. (L.) And حَدَّ اللّٰهُ عَنَّا شَرَّ فُلَانٍ May God repel, or avert, from us, the evil, or mischief, of such a one. (L.) b2: [Hence,] حَدَّهُ, (S, L, Msb,) aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. حَدٌّ, (L, Msb, K,) He inflicted upon him the castigation, or punishment, termed حَدٌّ; (S, L;) he inflicted upon him (namely, a criminal or an offender [against the law],) a castigation, or punishment, that should prevent him from returning to his crime or offence, and that should prevent others from committing such a crime or such an offence: (K, * TA:) he inflicted upon him a flogging. (Msb.) b3: حَدَّ شَيْئًا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ, aor. ـُ (L,) inf. n. حَدٌّ; (L, K;) and ↓ حدّدهُ; (L;) He distinguished, or separated by some mark or note, or marks or notes, a thing from another thing. (L, K. *) And حَدَّ الدَّارَ, aor. and inf. n. as above; (S, Msb;) and ↓ حّددها, inf. n. تَحْدِيدٌ; (S;) He distinguished the house from the parts adjoining it, by mentioning [or defining] its limits. Msb.) A2: [And hence, حَدَّ in logic, inf. n. حَدٌّ, (assumed tropical:) He defined a word; as also ↓ حدّد, inf. n. تَحْدِيدٌ.]

b2: حَدَّ, (L, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (L, Msb,) inf. n. حَدٌّ; (L;) and ↓ حدّد, (S, L, Msb, K,) [which is more common,] inf. n. تَحْدِيدٌ; (S;) and ↓ احدّ, (S, L, K,) which is the form preferred by Lh, (L,) inf. n. إِحْدَادٌ; (S;) and ↓ استحدّ; (As, S, L;) He edged, or sharpened, a knife, (L, K,) a blade, (S,) a sword, (L, Msb,) or anything blunt, (L,) [and pointed, or made sharp-pointed, an arrow-head or the like,] with a stone or file. (L, K.) b3: [And hence,] حَدَّ بَصَرَهُ إِلَيْهِ, aor. ـُ (Lh, L;) and ↓ احدّهُ, (L,) or احدّ النَّظَرَ اليه; (S, Msb;) and ↓ حدّدهُ; (K in art. لتأ, &c.;) (tropical:) He looked sharply at him, or it; (L;) or intently, or attentively. (Msb.) A3: حَدَّتْ, (S, Mgh, L, K,) or حَدَّتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا, (Msb,) aor. ـِ and حَدُّ, inf. n. حِدَادٌ (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and حَدٌّ; (L, K;) and ↓ احدّت, (As, S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. إِحْدَادٌ; (Mgh, Msb;) the former the more common in the language of the Arabs, but the latter preferred by the early grammarians, (Fr, TA,) and the only form known to As, (S,) who rejected the former; (Msb;) She (a woman) abstained from the wearing of ornaments, (A 'Obeyd, S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) and the use of perfumes, (L,) and dye for the hands &c., (S, Mgh,) because forbidden such things, or because she forbade herself, (Mgh,) and put on the garments of mourning, (A,) after the death of her husband, (S, Mgh,) or on account of the death of her husband, (A 'Obeyd, A, Msb,) for the period called العِدَّة: (K:) or she mourned for her husband, and put on the garments of mourning, and abstained from the wearing of ornaments, and the use dye for the hands &c. (L.) The epithets applied to a woman in this case are ↓ حَادٌّ (S, L, Msb, K) and ↓ مُحِدٌّ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and ↓ مُحِدَّةٌ also, but the first [always] without ة, (Msb,) or both more chaste without ة. (TA.) A4: حَدَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حِدَّةٌ; (S, L, Msb, K;) and ↓ احتدّ; (L, K;) [and app. ↓ انحدّ, q. v.;] It (a sword, S Msb, and a knife, L, K, [or the like,] and a canine tooth, L) was, or became, [edged, or] sharp, or pointed. (S, L, Msb, K.) b2: [and hence,] حَدَّ, aor. ـِ inf. n. حِدَّةٌ, (tropical:) He was, or became, sharp [or effective] in respect of eloquence, and of intellect, or understanding, and of anger. (L.) And حَدَّ عَلَيْهِ, aor. ـِ (S, L, K,) inf. n. حِدَّةٌ and حَدٌّ, (S, L,) (tropical:) He became excited against him by sharpness, or hastiness, of temper; by irascibility, passionateness, or angriness; (Ks, S, L, K;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ احتدّ: (TA:) and حَدَّ عَلَيْهِ, aor. as above, inf. n. حَدَدٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ حدّد, (accord. to some copies of the K,) and ↓ احتدّ, (S, [in which it is not followed by عليه,] A, L, K,) and ↓ استحدّ; (L, K;) (tropical:) he was angry with him; (S, * A, L, K;) but Az remarks upon the last of these verbs as not heard from the Arabs of classical times in this sense: (L:) and بِهِمْ ↓ تحدّد (tropical:) he became exasperated by them: syn. تحرّش. (Az, L.) 2 حّدد as a trans. v.: see 1, in five places. b2: حدّد بَلَدًا He repaired, or betook himself, to the limits, or boundaries, of a country, or town. (L.) And حدّد إِلَيْهِ and لَهُ He repaired, or betook himself, to him, or it. (K.) A2: As an intrans. v., inf. n. تَحْدِيدٌ, It (seed-produce) was late in coming forth because of the lateness of rain, (K, TA,) and then came forth [pointed,] without forking, or shooting forth into separate stalks or stems. (TA.) b2: حدّد عَلَيْهِ: see 1.3 أَرْضُنَا تُحَادُّ أَرْضَكُمْ Our land borders upon, or is conterminous with, your land; syn. تَتَاخِمُهَا. (K in art. تخم.) b2: [And hence,] حادّهُ, (L, K,) inf. n. مُحَادَّةٌ, (S,) (tropical:) He acted towards him with reciprocal anger and enmity (L, K) and opposition or contrariety or repugnance, (S, K,) contending with him, (TA,) and refusing to do what was incumbent on him: (S:) like شَاقَّهُ: as though meaning he became in the حّدّ, i. e. the side, region, quarter, or tract, in which was (or opposite to that in which was, Zj) his enemy; like as شاقّهُ means he became in the شِقّ, i. e. the side, or quarter, in which was [or opposite to that in which was] his enemy: (L:) and ↓ تحادّهُ, (TA,) inf. n. تَحَادٌّ, (S,) signifies the same. (S, TA.) 4 أَحْدَ3َ see 1, in three places.5 تَحَدَّّ see 1, last sentence.6 تَحَاْدَّ see 3.7 انحدّ It was, or became, slender. (TA in art. ابر.) b2: See 1, latter part.8 إِحْتَدَ3َ see 1, latter part, in three places.10 استحدّ as a trans. v.: see 1.

A2: Also (tropical:) He shaved (S, Mgh, K) his pubes (S, Mgh) with [a razor of] iron: (Mgh, K:) derived from حَدِيدٌ. (Mgh.) b2: See also 1, last sentence.

حَدْ, for أَحَدٌ, in the phrase يَا حَدْ رَآهَا: see أَحَدٌ, in art. احد.

حَدٌّ Prevention, hinderance, an impediment, a withholding, restraint, a debarring, inhibition, forbiddance, prohibition, or interdiction; (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ حَدَدٌ: (S, L, K:) and, both words, a repelling, or an averting. (K. [See 1.]) A poet says, (S,) namely, Zeyd Ibn-' Amr Ibn-Nufeyl, (TA,) لَا تَعْبُدَنَّ إِلٰهًا غَيْرَ خَالِقِكُمْ

↓ وَإِنْ دُعِيتُمْ فَقُولُوا دُونَهُ حَدَدُ [Ye shall by no means worship any deity except your Creator; and if ye be invited to do so, say ye, There is an impediment in the way of it, or a prohibition against it]. (S, TA.) And one says, ↓ دُونَ مَا سَأَلْتَ عَنْهُ حَدَدٌ (A, * L) There is an impediment, or a prohibition, in the way of that respecting which thou hast asked. (L.) and عَنْهُ ↓ لَاحَدَدَ There is nothing to prevent, or hinder, one from it. (L. [But this admits of another meaning, as will be seen, under the word حَدَدٌ, below.]) b2: [Hence,] A restrictive ordinance, or statute, of God, respecting things lawful and things unlawful: pl. حُدُودٌ. (L.) The حُدُود of God are of two kinds: first, those ordinances prescribed to men (T, Mgh, L) respecting eatables and drinkables and marriages &c.; what are lawful thereof and what are unlawful: (T, L:) the second kind, castigations, or punishments, prescribed, or appointed, to be inflicted upon him who does that which he has been forbidden to do; (T, Mgh, L;) as the حدّ of the thief, which is the cutting off of his right hand for stealing a thing of the value of a quarter of a deenár or more; and that of the fornicator or fornicatress, which is flogging with a hundred stripes and banishment for a year; and that of the adulterer or adulteress, which is stoning; and that of the person who [falsely] charges an honest or a married woman with adultery, which is flogging with eighty stripes [as is also that of the person who has committed the crime of drunkenness]: (T, L:) the first kind are called حدود because they denote limits which God has forbidden to transgress: the second, because they prevent one's committing again those acts for which they are appointed as punishments; (T, Mgh, L;) or because the limits thereof are determined: (Mgh:) the latter kind of حدّ is also explained as being that [castigation, or punishment,] which prevents the criminal from returning to his crime, and prevents others from committing his crime. (L, K. *) لَوْ رَأَيْتَهُ عَلَى حَدٍّ, in a saying of ' Omar, means Hadst thou seen him engaged in an affair requiring the infliction of the حدّ. (Mgh.) b3: A bar, an obstruction, a partition, or a separation, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K,) between two things, (S, A, L, K,) or between two places, (Mgh,) [or between two persons,] to prevent their commixture, or confusion, or the encroachment of one upon the other: (L:) an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Mgh:) pl. حُدُودٌ. (L.) b4: A limit, or boundary, of a land or territory: pl. as above. (L.) [Hence, جَاوَزَ الحَدَّ (assumed tropical:) He, or it, exceeded the proper, due, or common, limit; was excessive, immoderate, beyond measure, enormous, inordinate, or exorbitant.] b5: [And hence, in logic, (assumed tropical:) A definition.] It is applied by the learned to the حَقِيقَة of a thing, [or that by being which a thing is what it is,] because it is [a term] collective and restrictive. (Mgh.) b6: The end, extremity, or utmost point, of a thing: (S, L, K:) pl. as above. (L.) b7: [(assumed tropical:) The point, or verge, of an event.] The saying مُسْلِمَةٌ مَوْقُوفَةٌ عَلَى حَدِّ مَحْرَمٍ means (assumed tropical:) A Muslimeh brought to the point, or verge, of being subjected to an infidel's lying with her: and in like manner, مُسْلِمٌ مَوْقُوفٌ عَلَى حَدِّ كُفْرٍ (assumed tropical:) A Muslim brought, by beating or slaughter, to [the point, or verge, of] denying God. (Mgh.) b8: The edge, or extremity of the edge, (S, L,) and point, (L,) of anything, (S, L,) as of a sword, a knife, a spear-head, and an arrow: (L:) the part of a sword [&c.] with which one cuts: (MF:) pl. as above. (L.) b9: See also حِدَّةٌ, in four places. b10: [And hence, app.,] Arms, or weapons; as in the phrase ذَوُو حَدٍّ [Possessors of arms or weapons: or this may mean (tropical:) persons endowed with valour]. (Ham p. 143.) b11: A side, region, quarter, or tract. (L.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Station, standing, rank, condition, or the like; syn. مَرْتَبَةٌ. (KL.) b13: [(assumed tropical:) A case: as when a noun is said to be فِى حَدِّ الرَّفْعِ in the nominative case. b14: And (assumed tropical:) A class, or category: as when a verb is said to be مِنْ حَدِّ ضَرَبَ of the class, or category, of ضَرَبَ.] b15: [(tropical:) A quarter of the year.] Yousay, أَقَامَ حَدَّ الرَّبِيعِ (tropical:) He remained, stayed, or abode, during the quarter of the ربيع. (A.) A2: See also مَحْدُودٌ.

حُدٌّ: see مَحْدُودٌ.

حُدَّةٌ A small quantity of water or milk &c. remaining in a vessel or skin; syn. كُثْبَةٌ and صُبَّةٌ. (K.) حِدَّةٌ [Sharpness of a sword, a knife, or the like: see 1]. b2: [And hence,] (tropical:) Sharpness, or hastiness, of temper; irascibility, passionateness, or angriness; (Ks, S, A, L, K;) as also ↓ حَدٌّ: (Ks, S, L, K:) (tropical:) sharpness [or effectiveness] in respect of eloquence, and of intellect or understanding, and of anger: (L:) (tropical:) sharpness, penetrating energy, vigorousness, effectiveness, and briskness, in the performance of affairs; and also, in matters of religion, with ambition to attain what is good: from حَدٌّ as signifying the “ edge ” of a sword [&c.]: (L:) and ↓ the latter word, [or rather both,] (tropical:) a man's sharpness, penetrating energy, or vigour, in the exercise of courage; his mettle; (L;) his valour, or valiantness, in war. (S, A, L, K.) You say, ↓ إِنَّهُ لَبَيِّنُ الحَدِّ (tropical:) Verily he is one who displays sharpness like that of a knife. (L.) b3: حِدَّةٌ and ↓ حَدٌّ, as denoting a quality of anything, are syn. (K.) [Both signify (assumed tropical:) Sharpness; vehemence; force; and strength: and] both, (assumed tropical:) the force, or strength, of wine and the like; syn. سَوْرَةٌ; (Msb and K, in explanation of the former, [which is the more common,] in art. سور;) meaning شِدَّةٌ; (MF;) and صَلَابَةٌ. (S and L in explanation of the latter in the present art.) [Also, the former, (assumed tropical:) Pungency; acridness.]

حَدَدٌ: see حَدٌّ, first four sentences. b2: You say also, مَالِى عَنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ حَدَدٌ, (S, A, *) and ↓ مالى عَنْهُ مُحْتَدٌّ, (K,) and ↓ مُحَدٌّ, (K, TA,) with damm, of the same measure as مُكْرَمٌ, (TA,) or ↓ مَحَدٌّ, (so in the CK,) I have no way of avoiding, or escaping, this thing. (S, A, K.) And وَلَا مُلْتَدًّا ↓ مَا أَجِدُ مِنْهُ مُحْتَدًّا I find not any way of avoiding, nor any way of escaping, it. (S.) A2: Also, (L,) and ↓ مَحْدُودٌ, (Msb,) Prevented, hindered, impeded, withheld, restrained, debarred, inhibited, forbidden, prohibited, or interdicted. (L, Msb.) You say, هٰذَا أَمْرٌ حَدَدٌ This is a forbidden, or prohibited, thing; a thing unlawful to be done, or committed. (S. [See also what follows.]) And حَدَدًا أَنْ يَكُونَ كَذَا (S, * A, L) Forbidden be it that it should be so: like as you say, مَعَاذَ اللّٰهِ قَدْ حَدَّ اللّٰهُ ذٰلِكَ عَنَّا. (S, A, * L.) أَمْرٌ حَدَدٌ also signifies A disallowed, and vain, or false, thing or affair. (L.) And دَعْوَةٌ حَدَدٌ A vain, or false, pretension. (S, L, K.) حَدَادِ, like قَطَامِ, [indecl., a proper name, for الحَادَّةُ, fem. act. part. n. of حَدَّ; like فَجَارِ for الفَاجِرَةُ; and hence, for يَا حَادَّةُ;] occurring in the phrase, حَدَادِ حُدِّيهِ [O averter, avert him, or it]: said [with respect] to him whose aspect, or countenance, thou dislikest. (A, * K.) b2: [It is also a proper name for الحَدٌّ; like فَجَارِ for الفَجْرَةُ or الفُجُورُ; as in the following hemistich:] حَدَادِ دُونَ شَرِّهَا حَدَادِ [May there be an impediment in the way of her evil, or mischief: an impediment]. (L.) b3: حَدَادُكَ: see the next paragraph.

حُدَادٌ: see حَدِيدٌ.

A2: حُدَادُكَ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا, (K, TA,) with damm, (TA,) or ↓ حَدَادُكَ, (so in a MS. copy of the K and in the CK,) The utmost of thy power, or of thine ability, [will be] thy doing such a thing; and the end of thy case; syn. قُصَارَاكَ, (K,) [or قُصَارُكَ,] and مُنْتَهَى أَمْرِكَ. (TA.) حِدَادٌ The black garments of mourning [worn by a widow]. (S, A, Mgh, L.) حَدِيدٌ i. q. ↓ مُحَادٌّ. (A.) You say, فُلَانٌ حَدِيدُ فُلَانٍ Such a one is the close, or next, neighbour of such a one; meaning that the house of the former is next by the side of that of the latter; (A, * L;) or that the land of the former is adjacent to that of the latter. (S, L.) And هُوَ حَديدِى

فِى الدَّارِ, i. e. ↓ مُحَادِّى [He is my next neighbour in respect of house]. (A.) And دَارِى حَدِيدَةُ دَارِهِ, and ↓ مُحَادَّتُهَا (L, K,) or لِدَارِهِ ↓ مُحادَّةٌ, (A,) My house is close, or next, or adjoining, to his house; meaning that the limit of the former is like that of the latter. (L, K. *) A2: Also, (S, L, Msb, K,) used as masc. and fem. without ة, and also as fem. with ة, (L,) and ↓ حَادٌّ, (S, L, Msb,) but this is disapproved by IKh, (TA,) though allowed by some as agreeable with analogy, (MF,) and ↓ حُدَادٌ, (As, L, K,) and ↓ حُدَّادٌ, (AA, S, L, K,) [Edged, or sharpened; or] sharp; applied to a sword, (S, Msb,) a knife, (L, Msb, K,) [and the like: and pointed, or sharp-pointed:] pl. [of the first] حِدَادٌ, (S, L, K,) masc. and fem.; (L;) and حَدِيدَاتٌ and حَدَائِدُ, (L, K,) fem. (L.) And نَابٌ حَدِيدٌ and حَدِيدَةٌ A sharp canine tooth: (L, K:) حُدَادٌ thus applied has not been heard. (L.) b2: [Hence,] رَجُلٌ حَدِيدٌ (tropical:) A man who is sharp [or effective] in respect of eloquence, and of intellect or understanding, and (as also ↓ مُحْتَدٌّ, S) of anger: pl. أَحِدَّآهُ and أَحِدَّةٌ and حِدَادٌ. (L, K.) And أَلْسِنَةٌ حِدَادٌ (assumed tropical:) Sharp tongues. (S.) And رَجُلٌ حَدِيدُ النَّاظِرِ (tropical:) [A man who looks sharply, or boldly;] a man not suspected of evil, so that he should cast down his eyes. (L.) فَبَصَرُكَ اليَوْمَ حَدِيدٌ [in the Kur 1. 21] means (assumed tropical:) And thy sight, or intellect, to-day, is] sharp, or piercing; so that thou perceivest therewith what thou didst not know, or what thou deemedst improbable, in thy life on earth: (Jel:) or thy judgment, to-day, is penetrating. (L.) [Hence also,] رَائِحَةٌ حَدِيدَةٌ (L) and ↓ حَادَّةٌ (L, K) (tropical:) A sharp, or pungent, odour. (L, K.) And نَاقَةٌ حَدِيدَةُ الجِرَّةِ (tropical:) A she-camel whose cud has a pungent odour; (K, TA;) which is a quality approved. (TA.) A3: حَدِيدٌ also signifies [Iron;] a certain substance, (L,) well known; (S, L, K;) so called because of its resistance: (S, L:) ↓ حَدِيدَةٌ is a more particular term, (S,) signifying a piece thereof; (L;) [and an instrument, or implement, thereof:] pl. حَدَائِدُ (S, L, K) and حَدَائِدَاتٌ; (S L;) the latter (which is erroneously written in the K حَدِيدَاتٌ, TA) is a pl. pl., (L,) sometimes occurring in poetry. (S.) It is said in a prov., إِنَّ الحَدِيدَ بِالحَدِيدِ يُفْلَحُ Verily iron with iron is cloven, or cut. (S and K in art. فلح.) And in another, تَضْرِبُ فِى حَدِيدٍ

بَارِدٍ [Thou beatest upon cold iron]: applied in relation to him who hopes for that of which the attainment is remote, or improbable; and to him in whom is nothing to be hoped for. (Har p. 633.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) Like iron in hardness: applied in this sense to solid hoofs. (Mgh.) حَدَادَةٌ One's wife. (Sh, K.) حَدَادَةٌ The office of a door-keeper. (Msb.) b2: The art of a blacksmith, or worker in iron. (Mgh.) [The art of a maker of coats of mail.]

حَدِيدَةٌ: see حَدِيدٌ.

حُدَّى: see حِدَأَةٌ, in art. حدأ.

حَدَّادٌ A door-keeper: (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K:) so called because he prevents men from entering. (Mgh, L.) b2: A keeper of a prison: (S, Mgh, K:) because he prevents persons from going out, or because he works the iron of the shackles. (S. [See what follows.]) b3: The person who inflicts the punishment termed حَدٌّ: so in the saying, أُجْرَةٌ الحَدَّادِ عَلَى السَّارِقِ [The pay of the inflicter of the حدّ is to be imposed upon the thief]; or, as some say, the meaning here is, the keeper of the prison, because, in general, he has the charge of the amputation; but the former meaning is the more probable, and more obvious. (Mgh.) b4: A seller of wine; a vintner: because he withholds his wine until he obtains for it a price that contents him: so in the following verse of ElAashà: فَقُمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَصِحْ دِيكُنَا

إِلَى جَوْنَةٍ عِنْدَ حَدَّادِهَا [And we arose, when our cock had not yet crowed, to a wine-jar smeared with pitch, in the possession of its seller]. (S, L.) b5: A blacksmith; a worker in iron. (Mgh, L, K.) A maker of coats of mail. (TA.) حُدَّادٌ: see حَدِيدٌ.

حَدْحَدٌ Short (L, K) and thick: an epithet applied to a man. (L.) حَادٌّ; fem. with ة: see حَدِيدٌ, in two places.

A2: See also 1, voce حَدَّتْ.

أَحَدُّ [More, and most, sharp: &c.] b2: You say, هُوَ مِنْ أَحَدِّ الرِّجَالِ (tropical:) He is of the most sharp, or hasty, in temper, or of the most irascible, passionate, or angry, of men. (A, TA.) مَحَدٌّ, or مُحَدٌّ: see حَدَدٌ.

مُحِدٌّ and مُحِدَّةٌ: see 1, voce حَدَّتْ.

مَحْدُودٌ: see حَدَدٌ. b2: Also A man (L) denied, or refused, good, or prosperity; prevented, or withheld, from obtaining good; (T, L, K;) and so ↓ حُدٌّ, with damm, (K,) or ↓ حَدٌّ; (as in the L;) the latter heard only from Lth: (T, TA:) withheld from good fortune &c.; (S, L;) withheld from sustenance; contr. of مَجْدُودٌ: (Mgh:) and withheld from evil. (L, K.) مُحَادٌّ and مُحَادَّةٌ: see حَدِيدٌ, in four places.

مُحْتَدٌّ: see حَدِيدٌ: A2: and see also حَدَدٌ, in two places.

جرثم

Q. 2 تَجَرْثَمَ: see 3, in two places.

A2: تجرثم الشَّىْءَ He took the greater, main, or chief, part of the thing. (K.) Q. 3 اِجْرَنْثَمَ He, or it, drew himself, or itself, together; contracted; or shrank: (TA, Har p. 297:) from جُرْثُومَةٌ signifying the “earth collected around a tree.” (Har ib.) Also, and ↓ تجرثم, It (a thing, S) collected itself together, or became collected, (S, K,) and kept to a place. (K.) Hence, in a trad., ↓ وَعَادَ لَهَا النِّقادُ مُجْرَنْثِمًا And the lambs, by reason of it, namely, the vehement drought, became collected, or drawn, together [in one place, and kept to it]. (TA.) b2: He (a man, TA) fell from a high, or higher, to a low, or lower, place; as also ↓ تجرثم. (K, TA.) جُرْثُمَةٌ: see what next follows.

جُرْثُومَةٌ [and accord. to Golius, as on the authority of the S, جُرْثُومٌ, but this I have. not found in any Lexicon but his and that of Freytag,] The root, lowest part, base, stock, or source, syn. أَصْلٌ, of a thing; (S, Mgh, K;) whatever the thing be; (Mgh;) as also ↓ جُرْثُمَةٌ: (TA:) and the place of collection thereof: (Mgh, TA:) or the earth that is collected at the roots, or lower parts, of trees: (K:) or the earth collected around a tree: (Har p. 297:) or the root of a tree to which the earth is collected: (Lth, TA:) pl. جَرَاثِيمُ. (Mgh.) One is related to have said, الأَسْدُ جُرْثُومَةُ العَرَبِ فَمَنْ أَضَلَّ نَسَبَهُ فَلِيَأْتِهِمْ [ElAsd are those, of the Arabs, to whom most others congregate: therefore whoever loses his genealogy, let him come to them]: meaning الأَزْدُ. (TA.) And جَرَاثِيمُ جَهَنَّمَ means The greater, main, or chief, degrees of the punishment of Hell. (Mgh.) b2: The base (أَصْل) of a sandhill overlooking what surrounds it. (Har p. 99.) and the pl. (جراثيم), Places elevated above the ground, composed of clay and earth collected together. (TA.) b3: The earth collected by ants; (TA;) an ant-hill: (K:) or جُرْثُومَةُ النَّمْلِ signifies the ant-hill. (S.) b4: The earth, or dust, that the wind raises, or sweeps up and scatters. (K.) b5: The غَلْصَمَة [or epiglottis]. (K.) مُجْرَنْثِمٌ: see 3. b2: رَكَبٌ مُجْرَنْثَمٌ [in the CK, erroneously, رَكْبٌ مُجْرَنْثَمٌ,] i. q. مُسْتَهْدِفٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK, erroneously, مُسْتَهْدَفٌ,]) i. e., A wide, elevated pubes. (TA in art. هدف.)

سد

1 سَدَّ, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb, K,) inf. n. سَدٌّ; (S, M, Mgh, Msb;) and ↓ سدّد; (M;) [but the latter has an intensive signification, or relates to several objects;] He closed, or closed up, an interstice, or intervening space: (M:) and stopped, or stopped up, (M,) or repaired, and made firm or strong, (S, A, K,) a breach, or gap, (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K,) and the like. (S, Msb.) b2: [Hence one says,] سُدَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ (assumed tropical:) [The road, or way, became closed, or stopped, against him]. (K.) And سُدَّ طَرِيقُهُ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيْهِ وَمَنْ خَلْفِهِ (assumed tropical:) [His road, or way, became closed, or stopped, before him and behind him]. (Zj, M.) And سَدَّ الأُفُقَ (tropical:) [It obstructed the horizon]; said of a multitudinous swarm of locusts. (S, A, * K.) And سَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ, and ↓ أَسَدَّ, It closed, or obstructed, against them, the horizon; [الأُفُقَ being understood;] said of a collection of clouds rising. (M.) And سَدَّ مَا وَرَآءَهُ [It barred, or excluded, what was behind it]. (M.) b3: [Hence also,] سَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ بَابَ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) [I closed, or stopped, to him the door of speech; i. e.] I prevented him from speaking; as though I closed, or stopped, his mouth. (Msb.) And مَا سَدَدْتُ عَلَى لَهَوَاتِ خَصْمٍ قَطُّ (assumed tropical:) I never stopped the way of speech of an adversary, nor prevented his saying what was in his mind. (Shureyh, Mgh.) And مَا سَدَدْتُ عَلَى خَصْمٍ قَطُّ (assumed tropical:) I never stopped an adversary from speaking; (El-Fáïk, Mgh, L;) on the authority of Esh-Shaabee: (Mgh:) occurring in a trad. (L.) b4: And أَبِيهِ ↓ هُوَ يَسُدُّ مَسَدَّ (tropical:) [He fills up, or supplies, the place of his father]: and ↓ يَسُدُّونَ مَسَدَّ أَسْلَافِهِمْ (tropical:) [They fill up, or supply, the place of their ancestors]. (A, TA.) And يُسَدُّ بِهِ الحَاجَةُ (tropical:) Want is supplied thereby: (M, * TA:) [whence the saying,] تَصَدَّقُوا وَلَوْ بِتَمْرَةٍ فَإِنَّهَا تَسُدُّ مِنَ الجَائِعِ (assumed tropical:) [Give ye something as alms, though it be but a date, or a dried date; for it will supply somewhat of the want of the hungry]: a trad. (El-Jámi' es-Sagheer.) and يَسُدُّ الرَّمَقَ (assumed tropical:) [It stays, or arrests, the remains of life; as though it stopped the passage of the last breath from the body; or] it maintains, and preserves, the strength. (Msb in art. رمق.) b5: and سَدَّهُ (assumed tropical:) He attributed, or imputed, to him, or he charged him with, or accused him of, a fault; [as though he thereby stopped his mouth; (see سَدٌّ;)] as also سَتَّهُ. (TA in art. ست.) A2: سَدَّ, aor. ـِ (S, L, K,) with kesr, (S,) inf. n. سَدَادٌ and سُدُودٌ, (L, the former inf. n. expl. in the S and K as signifying اِسْتِقَامَةٌ,) said of a spear, and an arrow, (TA,) and a saying, (S,) and an action, (TA,) or a thing [absolutely]; (L;) or سَدَّ, [sec. Pers\. سَدِدْتَ,] aor. ـَ with fet-h to the س, (A,) inf. n. سَدَدٌ, (TK, expl. in the S and K as signifying اِسْتِقَامَةٌ, like سَدَادٌ, of which it is said in the S to be a contraction,) said of a saying, and an affair; (A;) or سَدَّ, aor. ـِ and يَسَدُّ, inf. n. سَدَدٌ; (MA;) i. q. صَارَ سَدِيدًا [i. e. It was, or became, right, direct, or in a right state; it had, or took, a right direction or tendency; it tended towards the right point or object]: (S, A, L, K, TA:) and [in like manner] ↓ استدّ is syn. with اِسْتَقَامَ [which signifies the same]; (S, K;) as also ↓ اسدّ and ↓ تسدّد: (TA:) ↓ استدّ said of an affair signifies it was, or became, rightly ordered or disposed; in a right state. (Msb.) You say, لَهُ ↓ تسدّد and ↓ استدّ It was, or became, rightly directed towards it. (M.) And سَاعِدُهُ ↓ استدّ and ↓ تسدّد His fore arm was, or became, in a right state, or rightly directed, عَلَى الرَّمْىِ [ for shooting]; syn. استقام. (A.) A poet says, سَاعِدُهُ رَمَانِى ↓ فَلَمَّا اسْتَدَّ أُعَلِّمُهُ الرِّمَايَةَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ [I teaching him the art of shooting every day; and when his fore arm became in a right state, he shot me]: As says that [the reading] اشتدّ, with ش, is not to be regarded. (S, TA.) b2: and سَدَّ, aor. ـِ with kesr to the س, (A, Msb, TA,) inf. n. سُدُودٌ (Msb) [and app. also, as above, سَدَادٌ, q. v. infrà], is said of a man, (A, Msb, TA,) in like manner meaning صَارَ سَدِيدًا [i. e. He was, or became, in a right state; he had, or took, a right direction or tendency; he tended towards the right point or object]: (A, TA:) or, (Msb,) as also ↓ اسدّ, (S, K, TA,) he hit the right thing (S, Msb, K, TA,) in his saying (S, Msb, TA) and in his action: (Msb:) or ↓ اسدّ signifies he said, or did, what was right: (Msb:) or he sought what was right; (L, K;) as also ↓ سدّد; (L;) or it has this last meaning also. (S, * L.) You say, ↓ إِنَّهُ لَيُسِدُّ فِى القَوْلِ Verily he hits the right thing in the saying. (S, L.) And قَدْ أَسْدَدْتَ ↓ مَا شِئْتَ (S, * L) is said to a man when he seeks [or has sought] what is right, (S,) meaning Thou hast sought what is right; whether the person thus addressed have hit the right thing or not. (L.) One says also, سَدَّ عَلَيْكَ الرَّجُلُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. سد [app. a mistranscription for سَدَاد or سُدُود], The man said, or did, what was right [against thee]: so in the handwriting of Sh. (Az, TA.) 2 سَدَّّ see 1, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] سدّد مَلْأَهُ [He filled it up]; namely, a vessel, and a water-ing-trough. (Aboo-Sa'eed, TA in art. خنق.) b3: And سدّد عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ قَالُوهُ (assumed tropical:) He annulled, in opposing them, everything that they said. (Jábir, as related by Aboo-'Adnán.) A2: سدّدهُ, (S, A, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَسْدِيدٌ, (K,) He directed it, (A, * L, Msb, K,) namely, an arrow, (A, Msb,) نَحْوَهُ towards him or it, (A,) or إِلَى الصَّيْدِ towards the game; (Msb;) and شدّدهُ, with ش, is a dial. var. thereof: (Towsheeh, TA:) and [in like manner] his spear; contr. of عَرَضَهُ, (S, Msb,) or عَرَّضَهُ. (L.) b2: And He taught him the art of shooting. (TA.) b3: Also, (M, A, K,) inf. n. as above, (S,) He directed, accommodated, adapted, or disposed, him (S, M, A, K) to that which was right, or words and of actions: (S, K: [and the like is implied in the M and A:]) said of God. (M, A.) And you say, سَدِّدْ صَاحِبَكَ Teach thou thy companion, and direct him to the right course. (Sh, TA.) b4: And [hence,] سَدِّدْ مَالَكَ Act thou well with thy property, or cattle. (L.) and سَدَّدَ الإِبِلَ, inf. n. as above, He gave the camels easy access to every pasturage, and to every place where the ground was soft and spacious. (L.) A3: See also 1, near the end of the paragraph.4 أَسْدَ3َ see 1, near the beginning: A2: and see also the latter half of the same paragraph, in five places.5 تَسَدَّّ see 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in three places.7 انسدّ, said of an interstice, or intervening space, It became closed, or closed up; as also ↓ استدّ: (M:) and both, said of a breach, or gap, (M, A,) it became stopped, or stopped up, (M,) or repaired, and made firm or strong. (A.) اِسْتَدَّتْ ↓ عُيُونُ الخَرْزِ and اِنْسَدَّتْ signify the same [i. e. The punctures made in the sewing of the skin became closed]; (S, K;) expressing a consequence of pouring water into-a skin. (S.) 8 إِسْتَدَ3َ see the next preceding paragraph, in two places: A2: and see also 1, in the latter half of the paragraph, in five places.

سَدٌّ and ↓ سُدٌّ Any building, or construction, with which a place is closed or closed up, or stopped or stopped up: (M: [see also سِدَادٌ:]) a dam: (Msb:) a thing intervening, as a separation, a partition, a fence, a barrier, a rampart, or an obstacle, or obstruction, between two other things; (S, Msb, K:) and a mountain: (S, M, K: [in the last it seems that this meaning is restricted to the former word; but if restricted to either, it should be to the latter:]) or, as some say, anything that faces one, or is over against one, and bars, or excludes, (يَسُدُّ,) what is behind it: whence goats are said to be سَدٌّ يُرَى مِنْ وَرَائِهِ الفَقْرُ (assumed tropical:) [a barrier behind which is seen poverty]; meaning that they are not of great utility: (M:) or سَدٌّ signifies what is made by man; and سُدٌّ, what is created by God, (Zj, M, Msb, K,) as a mountain: (Msb:) in the Kur xviii. 92 and 93, and xxxvi. 8, some read with fet-h, and some with damm: (M, TA:) the pl. is أَسْدَادٌ, [a pl. of pauc.,] (A, Msb,) or أَسِدَّةٌ, [also a pl. of pauc.,] and سُدُودٌ, [a pl. of mult.,] the latter of these two agreeable with general analogy, and the former of them anomalous, or, [ISd says,] in my opinion, this (أَسِدَّةٌ) is pl. of سِدَادٌ. (M.) You say, ضُرِبَ بَيْنَهُمَا سَدٌّ and سُدٌّ [A barrier, or an obstacle, was set between them two]: and ضُرِبَتْ بَيْنَهُمَا الأَسْدَادُ [Barriers, or obstacles, were set between them two]. (A.) and ضَرَبَتْ عَلَيْهِ الأَرْضُ بِالأَسْدَادِ (tropical:) [The earth, or land, set barriers, or obstacles, against him]; meaning, the ways became closed, or stopped, against him, and the courses that he should pursue became obscure to him: (K: in the CK ضُرِبَتْ:) the sing. of أَسْدَادٌ [accord. to general analogy] is سُدٌّ. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] the former (سَدٌّ) also signifies, (Fr, S, M, L, K,) or ↓ سِدَادٌ, (A,) or the former and ↓ سَدَادَةٌ, (L,) (tropical:) A fault, or defect, (Fr, S, M, A, &c.,) such as blindness and deafness and dumbness, (S,) or such as closes, or stops, one's mouth, so that he does not speak: (A:) pl. of the first, (S, M, K,) or of the second, (A,) أَسِدَّةٌ, [a pl. of pauc.,] (S, M, A, K,) accord. to analogy سُدُودٌ, (S, M, K,) or أَسُدٌّ [which is a pl. of pauc.]. (M.) You say, ↓ مَا بِهِ سِدَادٌ (tropical:) There is not in him any fault &c.: and فُلَانٌ بَرِىْءٌ مِنَ الأَسِدَّةِ (tropical:) Such a one is free from faults &c. (A.) And تَسُدُّ فَاهُ عَنِ الكَلَامِ ↓ مَا بِفُلَانٍ سَدَادَةٌ (assumed tropical:) There is not in such a one a fault that stops his mouth from speaking. (Aboo-Sa'eed, L.) And لَا تَجْعَلَنَّ بِجَنْبِكَ الأَسِدَّةَ (tropical:) By no means render thou thy bosom contracted so that thou shalt be unable to return an answer, like him who is deaf or dumb. (S, K.) b3: See also سُدٌّ. b4: سدّ [so in the TA, i. e. either سَدٌّ or سُدَّ,] also signifies (assumed tropical:) A she-camel by which the sportsman conceals himself from the game; also called دَرِيْئَةٌ ند دَرِيعَةٌ whence the saying, رَمَاهُ فِى سدِّ نَاقَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) [He shot him, or shot at him, by his she-camel whereby he was concealing himself]. (IAar, TA.) b5: And سَدٌّ, (M,) or سُدٌّ, (O, K,) is also syn. with ظِلٌّ [as meaning (tropical:) Shade, or shadow; or cover, or protection]. (IAar, M, O, K, TA.) A poet cited by IAar says, قَعَدْتُ لَهُ فِى سَدِّ نِقْضٍ مُعَوَّدٍ لِذٰلِكَ فِى صَحْرَآءَ جِذْمٍ دَرِينُهَا (tropical:) [I sat for him, i. e. lay in wait for him, in the shade, or cover, of a camel rendered lean by travel, accustomed to that, in a desert whereof the dry herbage was old]: i. e. I made him a cover, or screen, to me, in order that he might not see me: and by جِذْم he means “ old,” because الجِذْمُ signifies الأَصْلُ, and there is nothing older than the أَصْل; and he uses it as an epithet because it implies the meaning of an epithet. (M.) A2: سَدٌّ also signifies A thing, (S, K,) [i. e.] a [basket such as is called] سَلَّة, (M, TA,) made of twigs, (S, M, K,) and having covers (أَطْبَاق): (S, K: [but this addition in the S and K seems properly to apply to the pl., as will be shown by what follows:]) pl. سِدَادٌ and سُدُودٌ: (M, TA:) or, accord. to Lth, سُدُودٌ signifies [baskets such as are called] سِلَال, [pl. of سَلَّةٌ,] made of twigs, and having covers (أَطْبَاق); one of which is called [not سَدٌّ but] ↓ سَدَّةٌ: and it is said also on other authority that the سَلَّة is called سَدَّةٌ and طَبْلٌ. (L, TA.) سُدٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph, passim. b2: Also (assumed tropical:) A swarm of locusts obstructing the horizon: (M:) or so سُدٌّ مِنْ جَرَادٍ: (TA:) and جَرَادٌ سُدٌّ (tropical:) locusts (S, M, A, K) that have obstructed, (S, K,) or obstructing, (M, A,) the horizon, (S, M, A, K,) by their multitude: (S, A, K:) in which case, سُدٌّ is either a substitute for جَرَادٌ and therefore a substantive, or it is pl. of ↓ سَدُودٌ signifying that which obstructs the horizon and therefore an epithet. (M.) b3: And (tropical:) A black cloud, (Az, S, K, TA,) that has risen in any tract of the sky: (TA:) or a collection of clouds rising, obstructing the horizon: (M:) pl. سُدُودٌ: (S, M, K:) [or] ↓ سَدٌّ and صَدٌّ, but the former is the more approved, signify (assumed tropical:) a cloud, or collection of clouds, rising high, and appearing like a mountain. (M and L in art. صد.) b4: And A valley: (K:) so called because it becomes closed, or stopped up. (TA.) b5: And A valley containing stones and masses of rock, in which water remains for some time, or a long time: pl. سِدَدَةٌ: (S, L, K:) or you say, أَرْضٌ بِهَا سِدَدَةٌ [a land in which are valleys containing stones and masses of rock, &c.]; and the sing. is ↓ سُدَّةٌ. (L.) b6: and (assumed tropical:) The departure [or loss] of sight: (IAar, M:) from the same word in the first of the senses expl. in the next preceding paragraph. (M.) سِدٌّ: see سَدِيدٌ.

سَدَّةٌ: see سَدٌّ, last sentence.

سُدَّةٌ A certain disease in the nose, (S, M, L, K,) which stops it up, (M, L,) attacking the passage of the breath, (L,) and preventing respiration; (S, L;) as also ↓ سُدَادٌ. (S, M, L, K.) A thing that obstructs the passage of the humours, and of the food, in the body. (KL.) [And Any obstruction in the body: pl. سُدَدٌ.] b2: See also سُدٌّ.

A2: Also [A vestibule, or porch, for shade and shelter, before the door of a house: this is a common signification of the word, and is app. what is meant by its being said that] the سُدَّة is what is before the door of a house: (M, A:) or, as some say, a سَقِيفَة [i. e. roof, or covering, such as projects over the door of a house &c.; or a place roofed over]; (M:) or a ظُلَّة [i. e. roof, or cover-ing, for shade and shelter,] over a door: (Mgh:) or it is [a thing, or place,] like a صُفَّة [or سَقِيفَة] before a بَيْت [or house, or perhaps here meaning tent]: and a ظُلَّة at the door of a house (دَار): (AA, TA:) or, accord. to Aboo-Sa'eed, (TA,) in the language of the Arabs [of the desert] it signifies [a space such as is termed] a فِنَآء pertaining to a tent of hair-cloth and the like; and those who make it to be like a صُفَّة, or like a سَقِيفَة, explain the word accord. to the way in which it is used by the people of the towns and villages: (Msb, TA:) or it signifies the door [itself]: (S, A, Mgh, K:) or it has this meaning also: (Msb:) some thus apply it to the door itself: (A'Obeyd, L:) and the surrounding portico [of the interior court] of the largest, or larger, mosque: (M, TA:) pl. سُدَدٌ. (S, L, Msb, K.) You say, رَأَيْتُهُ قَاعِدًا بِسُدَّةِ بَابِهِ [I saw him sitting in the vestibule of his door]: (S, TA:) and بِسُدَّةِ دَارِهِ [in the vestibule before the door, or at the door, of his house]. (TA.) Abu-d-Dardà

said, مَنْ يَغْشَ سُدَدَ السُّلْطَانِ يَقُمْ وَيَقْعُدْ, (S, L,) or مَنْ يَأْتِ الخ, i. e. [He who comes to the vestibules, or gates, of the Sultán] experiences returns of recent and old griefs, disquieting him so that he is not able to remain at rest, but stands up and sits down: (Mgh in art. قدم:) this he said when he came to the gate of Mo'áwiyeh and did not receive permission to enter. (L.) And it is said in a trad., الشُّعْثُ الرُّؤُوسِ الَّذِينَ لَا تُفْتَحُ لَهُمُ السُّدَدُ, (S, A,) meaning الأَبْوَابُ [i. e. The shaggy, or dishevelled, and dusty, in the heads are those to whom the doors will not be opened]. (A.) b2: Hence, Umm-Selemeh, addressing' Áïsheh, termed her a سُدَّة, i. e. a بَاب [meaning (assumed tropical:) A means of communication[, between the Prophet and his people. (L, from a trad.) A3: Also Palm-sticks, i. e. palmbranches stripped of their leaves, bound together, [side by side,] upon which one sleeps. (M.) سَدَدٌ: see the next paragraph, in four places: b2: and see also سَدِيدٌ.

سَدَادٌ [an inf. n. of the intrans. verb سَدَّ; as also ↓ سَدَدٌ]. [Hence,] one says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو سَدَادٍ Verily he has a faculty of hitting the right thing, or his object or aim, in speaking, and in the managing or disposing of affairs, and in shooting. (TA.) b2: [Hence also, as a subst.,] A thing that is right, syn. صَوَابٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and قَصْدٌ, (S,) of what is said and of what is done; (S, A, * Msb, K;) as also ↓ سَدَدٌ, (S, A,) which is a contraction of the former. (S.) One says, قَالَ سَدَادًا مِنَ القَوْلِ He said a right thing [lit. of what is said, i. e., a right saying]; (S, A;) as also ↓ سَدَدًا. (A.) And يُصِيبُ السَّدَادَ He hits the right thing in speech [or action]. (S.) And هُوَ عَلَى سَدَادٍ مِنْ

أَمْرِهِ and ↓ سَدَدٍ [He is following a right course of action in respect of his affair]. (A.) and أَمْرُ فُلَانٍ يَجْرِى عَلَى السَّدَادِ The affair of such a one goes on according to that which is right. (S.) b3: [And hence the saying,] أَتَتْنَا رِيحٌ مِنْ سَدَادِ أَرْضِهِمْ (tropical:) A wind came to us from the direction of their land. (A, TA.) b4: It is also used as an epithet, syn. with سَدِيدٌ, q. v. (L.) b5: and السَّدَادُ [as though meaning The right projecter] is a name that was given to a bow belonging to the Prophet, as ominating the hitting of the object aimed at by that which was shot from it. (TA.) A2: See also سِدَادٌ, in three places.

سُدَادٌ: see سُدَّةٌ, first sentence.

سِدَادٌ A thing with which an interstice, or intervening space, is closed, or closed up: (AO, M, L: [see also سَدٌّ:]) and a thing with which a breach, or gap, (M, A,) is stopped, or stopped up, (M,) or repaired, and made firm or strong: (A:) pl. أَسِدَّةٌ. (M.) Primarily, accord. to ISh, (Meyd, in explanation of a prov. mentioned in what follows,) Somewhat of milk that dries up in the orifice of a she-camel's teat; (Meyd, K;) because it stops up the passage of the milk. (Meyd.) Also A stopper of a bottle (S, * Mgh, * Msb, K, * TA) &c.: (Msb:) in this sense [as well as in those before mentioned] with kesr (S, Mgh, Msb, K) only [to the س]: and so in the sense next following. (S, K.) A body of horse and foot serving as blockaders of the frontier of a hostile country. (S, K, * TA.) b2: سِدَادٌ مِنْ عَوَزٍ and ↓ سَدَادٌ, (ISk, S, M, Msb, K,) but the former is the more chaste, (S,) and it alone is mentioned by most authors in this saying, because it is from سداد as meaning the “ stopper ” of a bottle; (Msb;) and some say that ↓ سَداد, with fet-h, is a corruption; (Msb, K;) expressly disallowed by As and ISh; (Msb;) a prov.; (Meyd;) meaning (tropical:) A thing by which want is supplied, (S, M, Msb, K,) and by which life is preserved; accord. to ISh, if incomplete; and accord. to As, a thing by which somewhat of the entire wants of one's case is supplied. (Msb.) One says also, أَصَبْتُ بِهِ سِدَادًا مِنَ العَيْشِ and ↓ سَدَادًا (tropical:) I attained thereby a thing by which want was supplied; (S, K, * TA;) or a means of sustaining life. (AO, L.) b3: See also سَدٌّ, in two places.

سَدُودٌ: see سُدٌّ.

سَدِيدٌ, applied to a spear, Seldom missing; and [to the same, and] to an arrow, that hits the mark; (TA;) and to a saying, (S, M, L,) as also ↓ سَدَادٌ (M, L) and ↓ سَدَدٌ; (L;) and an action; (TA;) and an affair, as also ↓ أَسَدُّ; (S, A, L;) right, direct, or in a right state; having, or taking, a right direction or tendency; tending towards the right point or object: (S, M, A, L, TA:) and ↓ سِدٌّ, applied to speech, signifies the same; (TA;) and true. (K, TA.) b2: And applied to a man, meaning Who pursues a right course; as also ↓ أَسَدٌّ; (M;) and [in an intensive sense] ↓ سَدَّادٌ: (TA:) or, (Msb,) as also ↓ مُسِدٌّ, (S,) who hits the right thing in his saying (S, Msb) and in his action. (Msb.) سَدَادَةٌ: see سَدٌّ, in two places.

سَدَّادٌ: see سَدِيدٌ.

سَادَّةٌ (tropical:) An eye (عَيْنٌ) of which the sight has gone; (A;) that has become white, and with which one does not see, but which has not yet burst: (Az, A, * L, K:) or that is open, but does not see strongly: (IAar, L, K:) pl. سُدُودٌ, (IAar, L,) or سُدُدٌ. (K.) b2: Also (assumed tropical:) An old and weak she-camel. (IAar, K.) أَسَدُّ: see سَدِيدٌ, in two places.

مَسَدٌّ [properly A place of closing, or stopping, &c.]: see 1, in two places.

مُسِدٌّ: see سَدِيدٌ.

مُسَدَّدٌ Directed; pointed in a right direction. (S TA.) b2: And A man directed, accommodated, adapted, or disposed, to that which is right [of words and of actions]; (L;) who does that which is right, (يَعْمَلُ بِالسَّدَادِ وَالقَصْدِ, S, L,) keeping to the right way; in which sense it is related by some with kesr, ↓ مُسَدِّدٌ. (L.) [Golius explains it as meaning, on the authority of the S, who executes his affairs with sure and good judgment, and with happy success: and Freytag thus explains ↓ مُسَدِّدٌ, as from the S.]

مُسَدِّدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.