شرج

1 شَرَجَ: see 4. b2: Also, (S, A, O, TA,) [aor. ـُ inf. n. شَرْجٌ, (S, O, K, TA,) He put, or set, together bricks (لَبِن), in order, side by side, or one upon another, compactly; (S, A, O, K, TA;) and (O) so ↓ شرّج, (O, Mgh, Msb,) with teshdeed, (Msb,) inf. n. تَشْرِيجٌ. (O, Mgh.) b3: And He collected together, (O, K,) or put together, or joined, (L,) any thing or things, one part to another, or one thing to another; (O, L;) as also ↓ شرّج. (L.) b4: [And app. He wove palm-leaves: see شرِيجَةٌ, below; and see also شَرِيطٌ.] b5: and He mixed (A, O, K) beverage, or wine: and in like manner ↓ شرّج he mixed honey &c. with water. (O.) b6: And شَرَجَهُ فِى الأَمْرِ, aor. ـُ (TK,) inf. n. as above, (K, TK,) He was, or became, a partner, or sharer, (K, TK,) with him in the affair. (TK.) A2: Also, (O,) inf. n. as above, (K,) He lied; (O, K;) like سَرَجَ and سَدَجَ. (O.) A3: شَرِجَ, (O, TA,) with kesr to the ر, (O,) He was, or became, beautifully fat. (O, TA.) 2 شرّج, inf. n. تَشْرِيجٌ: see above, in three places. b2: Also, said of pasture, or herbage, It caused the flesh of an animal to be intermixed with fat. (L.) And شُرِّجَ, said of the flesh of an animal, It was intermixed with fat: (S, O:) or was made to be of two colours by reason of the fat and the flesh: (TA:) and بِالشَّحْمِ ↓ تشرّج it (the flesh) became intermixed with fat. (S, O, K.) A2: And تَشْرِيجٌ also signifies The sewing with stitches far apart. (S, O, K) b2: See also 4.3 مُشَارَجَةٌ The being like, one to another. (O, K.) One says, شارجهُ He was like to him; or it, to it: and شَارَجَا They two were like, each to the other. (TK.) 4 اشرج, (Az, S, A, O, Msb,) inf. n. إِشْرَاجٌ; (K;) and ↓ شرّج, (Az, O,) inf. n. تَشْرِيجٌ; (K;) and ↓ شَرَجَ, (Az, O,) inf. n. شَرْجٌ; (K;) He closed, or made fast, the [leathern receptacle called] خَرِيطَة (Az, O, K) or عَيْبَة, (S, A, O, Msb,) by inserting its أَشْرَاج [or loops] one into another. (S, A, * O, Msb.) b2: [Hence,] اشرج صَدْرَهُ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) [He closed his bosom upon it]. (A, TA.) 5 تَشَرَّجَ see 2.7 انشرج, (K,) or انشرجت, said of a bow, (ISk, S, O,) It split. (ISk, S, O, K.) شَرْجٌ A place in which water flows from a [stony tract such as is termed] حَرَّة to a soft, or plain, tract; (S, K;) as also ↓ شَرْجَةٌ: (TA:) or the latter signifies [simply] a place in which water flows; and some elide the ة, saying شَرْجٌ: (Msb:) pl. شِرَاجٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, K, expl. in the Mgh agreeably with the former explanation above, and said in the Msb to be pl. of شَرْجَةٌ,) and شُرُوجٌ. (S, K.) A2: Also A party, or distinct body or class [of men]. (S, K.) One says, أَصْبَحُوا فِى

هٰذَا الأَمْرِ شَرْجَيْنِ i. e. [They became, in this affair,] two parties. (S.) And it is said in a trad., أَصْبَحَ النَّاسُ شَرْجَيْنِ فِى السَّفَرِ [The people, or men, became two parties in the journey]; meaning, half of them fasting, and half of them breaking the fast. (TA.) b2: And The like of another; (S, K;) as also ↓ شَرِيجٌ: (O, K:) the latter from the same word as meaning “ a piece of wood [or a branch] that is split into two halves; ” each of which is the شريج of the other. (O.) One says, هٰذَا شَرْجُ هٰذَا This is the like of this. (S.) b3: And A sort, or species. (S, K.) One says, هُمَا شَرْجٌ وَاحِدٌ They two are one sort, or species. (S.) b4: And شَرْجَانِ Any two different colours: (S:) [and] ↓ شَرِيجَانِ signifies [the same, i. e.] two different colours (K, TA) of anything; or, accord. to IAar, two mixed colours, not black and white: (TA:) and ↓ this latter, also, the two lines of the نَيرَانِ [or two ornamental borders] of a [garment of the kind called] بُرْد, (O, K,) one of which is أَخْضَر [here meaning of a dark, or an ashy, dust-colour], and the other white or red. (O.) b5: And الشَّرْجُ, like فَلْس [in measure, not to be confounded with الشَّرَجُ], signifies The [perinæum, or] part between the anus and the testicles. (IKtt, TA.) شَرَجٌ The loops (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) of the [leathern receptacle called] عَيْبَة, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and of the [tent called] خَيْمَة, (O, TA,) and the like, and of the مُصْحَف [or copy of the Kur-án, &c.]: (TA:) [the loops here meant being such as are inserted one into another, to close a bag &c.: see 4:] pl. أَشْرَاجٌ. (S, Msb.) [And it seems also, from what here follows, to signify A single loop.] b2: (assumed tropical:) The anus: (Msb, TA:) or hence شَرَجُ الدُّبُرِ signifies (assumed tropical:) the anus. (Mgh.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) The vulva of a woman: (O, K:) pl. as above. (TA.) b4: And شَرَجُ الدَّرَاهِمِ [The purse for money]. (M and K in art. صر: in the CK, شَرْج.) A2: Also A place of expanding of a valley: (S, O, K:) pl. as above. (S.) b2: and The Milky Way in the sky: (S:) or so الشَّرَجُ. (K.) A3: Also A splitting, or cracking, (اِنْشِقَاقٌ, S, and so in some copies of the K, or شُقَاقٌ, so in other copies of the K and in the O,) in a bow. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a beast, The having one of the two testicles larger than the other. (S, O, K.) شَرْجَةٌ: see شَرْجٌ. b2: Also A hollow dug in the ground, in which a piece of skin is spread, and from which camels are watered, (O, K,) water being poured upon the skin. (O.) شَرِيجٌ A branch, or rod, that is split into two halves: and ↓ شَرِيجَةٌ, a bow that is made thereof: (S, O, K:) or the former, a branch, or rod, from which are split two bows: and either of the bows thus made: or a split bow: pl. شَرَائِجُ: accord. to AA, a bow that is split from a branch, or rod, in two halves; also called فِلْقٌ: accord. to Lh, a bow in which is a splitting (شَقٌّ, used as an inf. n.), and [such as is] a شِقّ, by which is meant the subst. [i. e. half of a branch or rod divided lengthwise]; شريج being used by him as an epithet: and some say that ↓ شَرِيجَةٌ signifies a bow that is not [made] from a sound, or whole, branch; like فِلْقٌ. (TA.) b2: Also An arrow used in the game called المَيْسِر belonging to the person who plays with it, not borrowed. (TA in art. شجر.) b3: See also شَرْجٌ, in three places. b4: المَرْءُ بَيْنَ شَرِيجَىْ غَمٍّ وَسُرُورٍ is a tropical saying [app. meaning (tropical:) Man is between the two different conditions of grief and happiness]. (A, TA.) شَرِيجَةٌ A thing (S, Mgh, Msb, K) that is woven (S, Mgh, Msb) of palm-leaves (S, Mgh, Msb, K) and the like, (Msb,) in which are carried melons and other things (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of the like kind: (S, Mgh, K:) pl. شَرَائِجُ. (Msb.) b2: A door, (Mgh,) or a thing like a door, (Msb,) made of reeds, or canes, for a shop. (Mgh, Msb.) b3: A cage, or coop, (جَدِيلَة,) of reeds, or canes, (O, K, TA,) made (TA) for pigeons. (O, K, TA. [The explanation in the K is strangely misunderstood and rendered by Freytag as meaning “ Zona ex arundine facta, qua utuntur in balneo. ”]) b4: And The sinew with which the feathers of an arrow are attached: (O, K:) if it is feathered by means of glue, the glue is called رُومَةٌ. (O.) b5: [Also, accord. to Golius, as on the authority of Meyd, The tie, or band, (“ ligamentum ”) of a book.] b6: See also شَرِيجٌ, in two places.

شَيْرَجٌ, (Msb, TA,) or شِيرَجٌ, (so in my copy of the Mgh,) or the latter is not allowable, (Msb, TA,) vulgarly pronounced سِيرَج, [q. v.,] with س and kesr, (TA,) an arabicized word, (Mgh, Msb, TA,) from [the Pers\.] شِيرَهْ, (Mgh, Msb,) Oil of sesame, or sesamum: (Msb, TA:) and white oil (Mgh, Msb, TA) is sometimes thus called: (Msb, TA:) and expressed juice (عَصِير), (Mgh, Msb, TA,) or [beverage of the kind called]

نَبِيذ, (Mgh,) before it alters; (Mgh, Msb, TA;) as being likened to oil of sesame because of its clearness. (Msb, TA.) أَشْرَجُ A beast having one of his testicles larger than the other. (S, Mgh, K.) b2: A man having one testicle. (A, TA.) سَهْمٌ مُشَرَّجٌ An arrow having cracks. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

فَتَيَاتٌ مُتَشَارِجَاتٌ [in the CK, erroneously, مُتَشَارَجات,] Young women equals in age. (O, K.)

شرح

1 شَرَحَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. شَرْحٌ, (S, O,) He uncovered, laid open, displayed, exposed to view, discovered, revealed, or disclosed. (S, O, K.) b2: [Hence,] one says, شَرَحَ أَمْرَهُ (tropical:) He showed, discovered, disclosed, or made apparent, his affair, or case. (A, TA.) And شَرَحَ مَسْأَلَةً (A, TA) (tropical:) He explained a question; (TA;) he explained, or made manifest, the answer to a question. (A.) And شَرَحَ الغَامِضَ (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, what was obscure, recondite, or abstruse. (S, O.) And شَرَحَ الحَدِيثَ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) He expounded, explained, or interpreted, the tradition; showed, or made apparent, its meaning. (Msb.) b3: And شَرَحَ, aor. as above, (K,) and so the inf. n., (O, TA,) He opened (O, K, TA) a thing of any kind, of any substance or material. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) He defloured a virgin: (O, K, TA:) or (tropical:) he compressed a woman, (A, L,) or a virgin, (K,) lying on her back; (A, L, K;) or he threw, or laid, upon her back, and then compressed, his female slave, or young woman. (O, L.) b5: He widened, or dilated, a thing. (K.) b6: Hence, (TA,) شَرَحَ اللّٰهُ صَدْرَهُ, (S, A, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) aor. as above, (TA,) and so the inf. n., (Msb, TA,) (assumed tropical:) God dilated his bosom, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) لِقَبُولِ الخَيْرِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of what was good], (O, TA,) and لِلْإِسْلَامِ (Mgh, Msb, TA) for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, [of El-Islám, or] of the truth, (Msb, TA,) as in the Kur [xxxix. 23]. (TA. [Said in the TA to be tropical; but not so in the A, being mentioned in the latter as proper.]) [And hence, an objective complement being app. understood,] فُلَانٌ يَشْرَحُ

إِلَى الدُّنْيَا (tropical:) Such a one manifests desire for the things of the present world: (A:) or such a one becomes dilated in the bosom at the prospect of the things of the present world, and desirous of acquiring them, with large desire. (O, * L.) and مَا لِى أَرَاكَ تَشْرَحُ إِلَى كُلِّ رِيبَةٍ (tropical:) What aileth me that I see thee manifesting desire for everything occasioning doubt, or suspicion, or evil opinion? (A, TA.) b7: Also He cut; and so ↓ شرّح. (K.) You say, شَرَحَ اللَّحْمَ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. as above; (O;) and ↓ شرّحهُ, (A, O, Msb, TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ; (S, O, TA;) the former meaning He cut the flesh-meat lengthwise [or into an oblong slice or into such slices]: and the latter, he so cut it much or into many [such] pieces [or slices]: (Msb:) or the former, he cut the flesh-meat from the joint or limb: or both signify he cut the flesh-meat upon the bone: (L, TA:) or شَرْحُ اللَّحْمِ signifies تَصْفِيفُهُ; and so ↓ تَشْرِيحُهُ: (O:) or التَّصْفِيفُ is a kind of ↓ تَشْرِيح; i. e. the cutting a piece of flesh-meat thin, so that it is translucent by reason of its thinness, and then throwing it upon the live coals. (TA.) b8: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (O,) He understood (O, K) speech, or language. (TK.) b9: And شَرْحٌ also signifies The act of keeping, preserving, or guarding. (TA.) [And particularly The guarding of seed-produce from the birds; (see شَارِحٌ;) as also شِرَاحَةٌ; (see 1 in art. خفر, fourth sentence;) each an inf. n., of which the verb is شَرَحَ.]2 شَرَّحَ The inf. n. تَشْرِيحٌ signifies The expounding, explaining, or interpreting, well, language, or discourse. (KL.) b2: See also 1, latter half, in four places. b3: [Also The dissecting, or anatomizing, a body.]7 انشرح صَدْرُهُ (S, A, O) His bosom became dilated, (O,) [with joy or the like, or] لِلْإِسْلَامِ [for the acceptance, or favourable acceptance, of El-Islám]. (S.) 10 استشرح He asked for language to be expounded, explained, or interpreted, to him: or for flesh-meat to be cut for him in the manner termed شَرْحٌ. (O.) شَرْحٌ inf. n. of 1. (S, O, &c.) b2: [An exposition, explanation, or interpretation, in the form of a running commentary, comprising the entire text of the work which it expounds; distinguished from a حَاشِيَة, which is a commentary only on particular words and passages: pl. شُرُوحٌ.]

شَرْحَةٌ: see شَرِيحَةٌ. b2: شَرْحَةٌ مِنَ الظِّبَآءِ Flesh-meat of gazelles cut in the manner termed شَرْح [i. e. into oblong slices], (TA,) such as is brought in a dry state, just as it was, not مُقَدَّد [which means cut into strips and then dried by exposure to the sun]. (ISh, O, K, TA.) شَرَاحٌ The discovery, disclosure, or explanation, of an affair or a case: so in the prov., النَّجَاحُ مَعَ الشَّرَاحِ [The accomplishment of one's want is with the discovery, or disclosure, or explanation, thereof]; meaning, discover thou, or disclose, or explain, to me my affair, or case, for the doing so is one of the means of accomplishing my want: thus expl. by As. (Meyd. [In the TA, من is put in the place of مع. See a similar prov. voce سَرَاحٌ.]) شَرِيحٌ, applied to flesh-meat, i. q. ↓ مَشْرُوحٌ [i. e. Cut into oblong slices]. (O.) b2: See also شَرِيحَةٌ, in two places.

شُرَيْحٌ The vulva of a woman; (O, K;) and (K) so ↓ مَشْرَحٌ: (A, Mgh, K:) or a proper name for the vulva of a woman; like as رُمَيْحٌ is a proper name for “ the penis. ” (TA in art. رمح.

[Golius appears to have found in the K الحَرُّ in the place of الحِرُ.]) شَرِيحَةٌ A cut piece of flesh-meat, (S, A, O, K,) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ and ↓ شَرْحَةٌ, (K,) such as is مَشْرُوح [or cut into oblong slices]; (O;) [i. e. an oblong slice of flesh-meat:] or a thin piece, or slice, of flesh-meat: (L, TA:) and any extended piece of fat flesh-meat; (S, O;) as also ↓ شَرِيحٌ: (S:) pl. of the first شَرَائِحُ. (A.) شَارِحٌ [An expositor, explainer, or interpreter, of a book or the like. b2: And] A keeper, or guardian. (TA.) In the dial. of El-Yemen, (O, TA,) A guardian of seed-produce from the birds (O, K, TA) amp;c. (O, TA.) مَشْرَحٌ: see شُرَيْحٌ. b2: [Also] The سَافِلَة [i. e. podex, or anus,] of a man. (O.) مَشْرُوحٌ: see شَرِيحٌ.

A2: Also The سَرَاب [or mirage]: (K: [In the CK, الشَّرَابُ is put in the place of السَّرَابُ:]) mentioned on the authority of Th: and مَسْرُوحٌ [q. v.] is a dial. var. thereof. (TA.)

شدخ

1 شَدَخَ, (S, A, Msb, &c.,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K, *) inf. n. شَدْخٌ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) He broke, or crushed, syn. كَسَرَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) and فَضَخَ, (TA, and Ham p. 363,) or هَشَّمَ, (TA,) a hollow thing, (S, A, L, TA,) or a soft, or tender, or an easily-broken, thing, (A,) or a moist thing, (K,) or a moist and soft thing, such as the عَرْفَج and the like, (L, TA,) a person's head, (S, A, L, Msb, TA,) and a colocynth, and an unripe date, (A,) and any hollow bone, and a rod, (Msb,) or, as some say, a dry thing, (K,) with the hand, or with a stone &c.: (Ham ubi suprà:) or he pressed, or squeezed, syn. غَمَزَ, [app. so as to crush,] a hollow thing, or a soft, or tender, or an easilybroken, thing, as a head, and a colocynth, and an unripe date. (A.) b2: [Hence,] شَدَخَ دِمَآءَهُمْ تَحْتَ قَدَمِهِ (tropical:) He made their blood (lit. bloods) to go for nothing, or to be of no account. (A, K. *) and [simply] شَدَخَ الدِّمَآءَ (assumed tropical:) He made the blood [of men] (lit. bloods) to go for nothing, unretaliated, or uncompensated by mulcts; or to be of no account. (Ham p. 91.) And شَدَخْتُ الدِّيَاتَ تَحْتَ قَدَمَىَّ (assumed tropical:) I made the bloodwits to be of no account [so that they should not be exacted]. (Ham ibid.) b3: And شَدَخَهُ He hit, or hurt, his مُشَدَّخ, i. e. the part of the neck so called. (K.) A2: And شَدَخَ aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. شَدْخٌ (K, TA) and شُدُوخٌ, (TA,) He, (a man, TK,) or it, (a thing, or an affair, TA,) deviated, or declined, (K, TA,) from the right course, aim, or scope, (TA,) or from the [proper] way. (AO, TA.) b2: شَدَخَتِ الغُرَّةُ, (S, TA,) aor. ـَ (TA,) inf. n. شَدْخٌ (K, TA) and شُدُوخٌ, (TA,) The blaze on the horse's forehead spread widely upon the face (S) [from the forelock to the nose, without reaching to the eyes: see شَادِخَةٌ]: or spread, and extended downwards, (K, TA,) filling the forehead, without reaching to the eyes: or covered the face from the root of the forelock to the nose. (TA.) 2 شَدَّخْتُ الرُّؤُوسَ I broke, or crushed, the heads; or did so much: the verb is with teshdeed to denote muchness, or frequency, or application to many objects. (S, TA.) b2: [And شدّخ البُسْرَ He pressed, or squeezed, the unripe dates, so as to crush them: see مُشَدَّخٌ.]5 تَشَدَّخَ see what next follows.7 انشدخ It was, or became, broken, or crushed; (S, A, Msb, K, TA;) said of a hollow thing, (S, A, TA,) or a soft, or tender, or an easily-broken thing, (A,) or a moist thing, (K,) or a moist and soft thing, (TA,) a person's head, (S, A, Msb, TA,) a colocynth, and an unripe date, (A,) and any hollow bone, and a rod, (Msb,) or, as some say, a dry thing; (K;) and so ↓ تشدّخ [but app. implying muchness, or frequency, or relation to many things, as quasi-pass. of 2, q. v., whereas the former verb is quasi-pass. of 1]: (K:) or it was, or became, pressed or squeezed [app. so as to be crushed; or it was, or became, crushed by being pressed or squeezed: see مُشَدَّخٌ]. (A.) شَدَخٌ An abortive fœtus, (L, K, TA,) in a soft, or tender, state, before it has become firm. (L, TA.) b2: See also شَادِخٌ, in two places.

شَدْخَةٌ A soft, or tender, or succulent, plant: (K:) applied in the M as an epithet to the species of plant called عِجْلَة. (TA.) شَادِخٌ A child that is soft, or tender; (K;) as also ↓ شَدَخٌ: (IAar, L:) or غُلَامٌ شَادِخٌ signifies a youth: (A:) accord. to IAar, a boy is called جَفْرٌ; then, يَافِعٌ; then, ↓ شَدَخٌ; then, مُطَبِّخٌ; and then, كَوْكَبٌ. (TA. [See also مُطَبِّخٌ.]) A2: Also A thing, or an affair, deviating from the right course, aim, or scope, (K, TA,) or from its [proper] way. (AO, TA.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

شَادِخَةٌ, [as a subst.,] (S, L, K, TA,) or غُرَّةٌ

↓ شَادِخَةٌ, (A,) A blaze on a horse's forehead spreading [widely (see 1)] upon the face, (S,) or covering the face, (A,) from the forelock to the nose, (S, A,) without reaching to the eyes: (S:) or spreading, and extending downwards, (K, TA,) filling the forehead, without reaching to the eyes: or covering the face from the root of the forelock to the nose: (TA:) or such as is long; such as is round being called وَتِيرَةٌ. (AO, TA.) b2: [Hence,] (assumed tropical:) A notorious, and a bad, or an evil, an abominable, or a foul, deed. (S, TA.) A rájiz says, لَا هُمَّ إِنَّ الحَارِثَ بْنَ جَبَلَهْ زَنَّى عَلَى أَبِيهِ ثُمَّ قَتَلَهْ وَرَكِبَ الشَّادِخَةَ المُحَجَّلَهْ i. e. [O God, (لَاهُمَّ being for اَللّٰهُمَّ,) verily El-Hárith Ibn-Jebeleh straitened, or oppressed, his father, (زَنَّى being for زَنَّأَ,) then slew him,] and committed a bad and notorious deed in slaying him. (S.) أَشْدَخُ A horse having a blaze such as is termed شَادِخَةٌ: fem. شَدْخَآءُ. (K, L, TA.) b2: الأَشْدَخُ The lion. (K.) مُشَدَّخٌ Unripe dates pressed, or squeezed, (يُغْمَزُ, in some copies of the S and K and in the L and TA يُغْمَرُ, [but the former I think to be evidently the right reading,]) until they become broken or crushed (يَنْشَدِخُ), (S, A, * L, K,) and dried for the winter, (A,) or then dried in the winter. (L.) A2: المُشَدَّخُ i. q. مُقَطَّعُ العُنُقِ [app. meaning The part of the neck where it is cut up by the butcher]. (K.) مِشْدَاخٌ [A post-classical term] A surgical instrument with which the head of the fœtus is crushed [in the womb]. (Albucasis de Chirurgia, p. 342.)

شيخ

1 شَاخَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَيَخٌ, with fet-h to the ى, (S, K,) and شُيُوخَةٌ (K) and شِيُوخَةٌ (TA) and شُيُوخِيَّةٌ (K) and شِيُوخِيَّةٌ (Zbd, TA) and شَيْخُوخَةٌ [the most common form, respecting which see what follows,] (S, A, Msb, K) and شَيْخُوخِيَّةٌ; (K;) and ↓ شيّخ, inf. n. تَشْيِيخٌ; (S, A, K;) and ↓ تشيّخ; (K;) He became a شَيْخ [i. e. an old, or elderly, man; &c.]: (S, A, Msb, K:) in شَيْخُوخَةٌ, the ى is originally movent [with fet-h], and afterwards made quiescent, for there is not in the language a word of the measure فَعْلُولٌ [except صَعْفُوقٌ, as is said in the S in art. حيد]: as to the similar words whose medial radical letter is و, as كَيْنُونَةٌ and قَيْدُودَةٌ and دَيْمُومَةٌ and هَيْعُوعَةٌ, these are originally كَيَّنُونَةٌ [for كَيْوَنُونَةٌ, of the measure فَيْعَلُولَةٌ,] and the like, and are contracted; for were it not so, they would be كَوْنُونَةٌ and the like. (S, L.) 2 شيّخ: see the preceding paragraph.

A2: شيّخهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَشْيِيخٌ, (TA,) He called him by the appellation of شَيْخ, to pay him honour, or respect. (S, K, TA.) A3: And شيّخ عَلَيْهِ He attributed or imputed to him, or charged him with, a vice, or fault; blamed, or reproached, him; (K, TA;) cast a bad, an evil, a foul, or an excessively bad or evil or foul, imputation upon him. (TA.) And شيّخ بِهِ [and so شيّخهُ accord. to an explanation of شَيَّخْتُ الرجل, as on the authority of Az, in the TA, but this may be a mistranscription for شيّخت بِالرَّجُلِ,] He exposed his vices, faults, or evil actions; disgraced him; or put him to shame. (K, TA.) 5 تشيّخ: see 1. b2: [It signifies also] He feigned, or made a show of, old age. (KL.) شَيْخٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ شَيْخُونٌ, (K,) but the latter is a strange word, mentioned by some of the expositors of the Fs, as expressing more than the former word, (MF,) [An old, or elderly, man; an elder, as meaning a man whose age gives him a claim to reverence or respect; a senior;] one advanced in age, (Mgh,) such as is beyond him who is termed كَهْلٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) which means him whose شَبَاب [i. e. youthfulness, or prime of manhood,] is ended: (Mgh:) one in whom age has become apparent, (L, K,) and hoariness: (L:) or a man from the age of fifty, or fifty-one, to the end of his life, or to the age of eighty: (L, K:) also expl. as meaning a man advanced in age but having strength, or vigour, to fight: and an old and weak, or a decrepit, man, who is of no service: (Mgh:) [in the present day, شَيْخٌ is used in the senses above mentioned; and is also especially applied, as an appellation of honour, to a doctor of religion and law; a head, or chief, of a religious confraternity; a chief of a tribe or the like, and of a village; and to a reputed saint:] fem. ↓ شَيْخَةٌ, (S, A, Msb, K,) an old, or aged, woman; syn. عَجُوزٌ: (A:) [and applied in the present day particularly to a learned woman; an instructress; and the like:] the pl. [of pauc.] of شَيْخٌ is أَشْيَاخٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شِيخَةٌ (Kr, ISd, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and [of mult.]

شُيُوخٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and شِيُوخٌ (K, with kesr, to agree with the ى, TA) and شِيخَانٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and شِيَخَةٌ (S, Mgh, K) and شَيَخَةٌ (A [there said to be like عَبَدَةٌ]) and ↓ مَشْيَخَةٌ, (K, and so in one of my copies of the S,) or this last is a quasi-pl. n., (Mgh, Msb,) and [so are]

↓ مِشْيَخَةٌ and ↓ مَشْيُخَةٌ and ↓ مِشْيُخَةٌ (TA) and ↓ مَشِيخَةٌ (K, and so in one of my copies of the S,) and ↓ مَشْيُوخَآءُ, (S, K,) the last like مَشْيُوحَآءُ and مَعْلُوجَآءُ and مَسْلُومَآءُ and مَعْبُودَآءُ and مَعْيُورَآءُ, which are said to be the only other instances of this form, (TA,) [but to these should be added مَحْمُورَآءُ and مَكْبُورَآءُ and مَتْيُوسَآءُ and perhaps some other instances,] and ↓ مَشْيُخَآءُ, (K,) and another pl. is ↓ مَشَايِخُ, (S, A, K,) or this last is pl. of مَشْيَخَةٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) and is disallowed by IDrd and Kz (TA) [though very commonly used in the present day, especially as applied to doctors of religion and law]; and the pl. of أَشْيَاخٌ is أَشَايِيخُ, like أَنَايِيبُ pl. of أَنْيَابٌ: (Z, TA:) the dim. of شَيْخٌ is ↓ شُيَيْخٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ شِيَيْخٌ, (S, K,) with kesr to the ش: (S:) ↓ شُوَيْخٌ is not allowable, (S, A,) or is rare. (K.) b2: [الشَّيْخَانِ, The two Sheykhs, is a title peculiarly applied to the first two Khaleefehs, Aboo-Bekr and 'Omar.]

b3: شَيْخٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) A woman's husband, (K,) though young: and in like manner, a man's wife, whether old or young, is called his عَجُوز. (Az, TA in art. عجز.) b4: [And (tropical:) An ancestor. Accord. to a copy of the A that seems to have been used by the author of the TA, one says, وَرِثَ مِنْ مَشِيخَةِ الكَرَم and من أَشْيَاخِهِ, which is tropical, meaning مِنْ آبَائِهِ: but the right reading is evidently ↓ من مَشِيخَتِهِ, and الكَرَمَ; and the meaning, (tropical:) He inherited, from his ancestors, generosity.] b5: شَيْخُ النَّارِ means (tropical:) Iblees: because he was created of fire, or because his ultimate place will be the fire of Hell. (Har p. 130.) b6: And الشَّيْخُ (assumed tropical:) The mountain-goat that is advanced in age, or fullgrown. (TA.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) The milk-skin. (TA.) b8: أَشْيَاخُ النُّجُومِ i. q. أُصُولُهَا, (K,) i. e. (assumed tropical:) The seven [or five] planets; (TK;) or the دَرَارِىْء [also applied by some to the five planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn]; accord. to IAar, اشياخ النجوم, (TA in this art.,) or أَسْنَاخُ النُّجُومِ as is related by Th, (TA in art. سنخ,) means the stars that do not make their [temporary] abode in the Mansions of the Moon, which [latter] are called نُجُومُ الأَخْذِ: ISd says, I think that he means, by the نجوم, the fixed stars: Th says that they are called only أَسْنَاخُ النُّجُومِ, i. e. the أُصُول thereof, around which the [other] stars revolve, and pursue their courses. (TA. [See also سِنْخٌ, last sentence.]) A2: شَيْخٌ signifies also A certain tree; (Az, K, TA;) also called شَجَرَةُ الشُّيُوخِ, the fruit of which is a جِرْو [q. v.] like that of the خِرِّيع, which is the bastard saffron (شَجَرَةُ العُصْفُرِ); it grows in the meadows, and the قُرْيَان [or places where water runs to, or in, or into, meadows, &c.]. (Az, TA.) شَيْخَةٌ fem. of شَيْخٌ, q. v. (S, A, Msb, K.) شَيْخُونٌ: see شَيْخٌ.

شُيَيْخٌ and شِيَيْخٌ and شُوَيْخٌ: dims. of شَيْخٌ, q. v.

مَشْيَخَةٌ and مِشْيَخَةٌ &c.; and the pl. مَشَايِخُ: see شَيْخٌ, in seven places.

مَشْيُخَآءُ: see شَيْخٌ.

مَشْيُوخَآءُ: see شَيْخٌ.

شهد

1 شَهِدَ, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and شَهُدَ, aor. ـُ (K;) also pronounced and written شَهْدَ, (Akh, S, K,) and شِهْدَ, and شِهِدَ, accord. to a rule applying to all verbs of the measure فَعِلَ of which the medial radical letter is a faucial; (MF;) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K) and شهد; (TA;) [there written without any syll. sign, and not found by me in any other Lex.;]) He told, or gave information of, what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) he declared what he knew: he gave testimony, attestation, or evidence; he bore witness: (L:) he gave decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) [See also شَهَادَةٌ below.] You say, شَهِدَ بِكَذَا, inf. n. as above, (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) He told, or gave information of, such a thing, as having witnessed it, or seen or beheld it with his eye; (Mgh, Msb;) or declared such a thing as knowing it; (L;) or gave his testimony, attestation, or evidence, respecting it; or bore witness of it, or to it; (S, A, L, K;) عِنْدَ الحَاكِمِ [in the presence of the judge]; لِفُلَانٍ [for, or in favour of, such a one], (S, Mgh, L, K,) and عَلَى فُلَانٍ [against, or in opposition to, such a one]. (Mgh.) And شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا He gave decisive information [respecting such a thing (as in the Kur xlvi. 9, and in many other instances); he testified respecting it]. (S, L. [See also another meaning of this phrase in what follows.]) [Hence,] شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا هُوَ, in the Kur [iii. 16], means God hath given evidence that there is no deity but He: (Abu-l- 'Abbás, IAmb, Jel:) or God knoweth &c.; (Ah-mad Ibn-Yahyà, K;) and so شَهِدَ اللّٰهُ throughout the Kur-án: (Ahmad Ibn-Yahyà:) or God saith &c.: or God hath written &c. (K.) And أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّااللّٰهُ I know, (Msb, K,) [or acknowledge,] and I declare, [or testify, that there is no deity but God:] (K:) [Fei says,] the verb is trans. in this phrase by itself [i. e. without the intervention of a prep.] because it is used in the sense of أَعْلَمُ. (Msb.) [And hence, كَلِمَةُ الشَّهَادَةِ means The sentence declaring that there is no deity but God and that Mohammad is God's apostle.] b2: شَهِدَ بِاللّٰهِ, (Mgh, * Msb,) aor. ـَ inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (Mgh,) means He swore by God: (Mgh, Msb:) and أَشْهَدُ بِكَذَا I swear by such a thing. (S, K.) أَشْهَدُ بِاللّٰهِ لَقَدْ كَانَ كَذَا I swear by God that such a thing happened, or took place, combines the meaning of witnessing with that of swearing and that of informing at the time of uttering these words; as though the speaker said, I swear by God that I witnessed such a thing, and now I inform of it. (Msb.) Accord. to some, when one says only أَشْهَدُ, not adding بِاللّٰهِ, it is an oath. (TA.) b3: شَهِدَ عَلَى كَذَا, a phrase of which one meaning has been expl. above, means also He became a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to, such a thing; (S, K;) he had knowledge of such a thing, and witnessed it, or saw it or beheld it with his eye: (Msb:) and شَهِدَهُ, (Mgh, L,) inf. n. شَهَادَةٌ, (L,) [likewise] signifies he witnessed it; or saw, or beheld, it, or him, with his eye; (Mgh, L;) and (Mgh, L, Msb) so ↓ شاهدهُ, (A, Mgh, L, Msb, K,) inf. n. مُشَاهَدَةٌ. (S, A, L, Msb.) [Hence,] one says, مِنْهُ حَالٌ جَمِيلَةٌ ↓ شُوهِدَتْ [A comely, or pleasing, state, or condition, of him was witnessed]. (A.) b4: And شَهِدَهُ, (aor. ـَ K,) inf. n. شُهُودٌ, He was, or became, present at it, or in it; (S, A, Mgh, L, Msb, * K;) namely, a place, (Mgh,) or an assembly. (Msb.) Hence the saying, (Msb,) فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ, in the Kur [ii. 181], Therefore whosoever of you shall be present in the month, and stationary, not journeying, he shall fast therein (Mgh, Msb) as long as he shall remain present and stationary: (Msb:) الشهر being here in the accus. case as an adv. n. of time. (Mgh, Msb.) [And hence,] شَهِدَ الجُمْعَةَ He attained to [the being present at] the جُمْعَة [here meaning, as in many other instances, the prayer of Friday]: (Mgh:) and شَهِدَ العِيدَ he attained to [the being present at] the عِيد [or festival, or the prayer thereof]. (Msb.) [Hence also,] it is said in a trad., يَشْهَدُ بَيْعَكُمُ الحَلِفُ وَاللَّغْوُ [Swearing, and unprofitable speech, attend your selling]. (TA in art. شوب: see 1 in that art.) 2 شَهَّدَ see 4.3 شَاْهَدَ see 1, latter half, in two places.4 أَشْهَدْتُهُ عَلَى كَذَا I made him to be a witness (شَاهِد) of, or to such a thing: (S, Mgh, L:) [and in like manner,] أَشْهَدْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ I made him to have knowledge of the thing, and to witness it, or see it or behold it with his eye. (Msb.) See also 10. إِشْهَادٌ in relation to criminal matters means [The causing one to take notice of a thing that threatens to occasion some injury, with a view to the prevention of such injury; as, for instance,] the saying to the owner of a house, “ This thy wall is leaning, therefore demolish it,” or “ feared, therefore repair it. ” (Mgh.) b2: اشهدهُ also signifies He caused him to be present. (K.) You say, أَشْهَدَنِى إِمْلَاكَهُ He caused me to be present [at, or on the occasion of, his being put in possession]. (S.) b3: أُشْهِدَ: see 10.

A2: اشهد [as intrans.] (assumed tropical:) Humorem tenuem e pene emisit vir propter lusum amatorium vel osculum; (S, K;) as also ↓ شهّد, (K,) inf. n. تَشْهِيدٌ: (TA:) [from شَهْدٌ signifying “ honey; ” for] عُسَيْلَةٌ is a term for مَذْىٌ. (S.) (assumed tropical:) He rendered his مِئْزَر [or waist-wrapper] of a reddish hue and of a dark dust-colour (أَخْضَر) [by the act above-mentioned]. (L.) (assumed tropical:) He (a boy) attained to puberty. (Th, TA.) And اشهدت She (a girl) menstruated: and attained to puberty. (K.) 5 التَّشَهُّدُ in prayer is well known; (S, K;) The reciting of the form of words commencing with التَّحِيَّاتُ لِلّٰهِ: [see art. حى:] from the occurrence therein of the words أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَاهَ إِلَّا اللّٰهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ. (Mgh, * TA. [See also Har p. 611.]) b2: And تَشَهَّدَ also signifies He sought, or desired to obtain, martyrdom. (L.) 10 استشهدهُ He asked him, or required him, to tell what he had witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye; to declare what he knew; to give testimony, or evidence; to bear witness; or to give decisive information. (S, Mgh, L, Msb, K.) You say, اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ فُلَانًا عَلَى فُلَانٍ I asked, or required, [or cited, or summoned,] such a one to give his testimony, or evidence, or to bear witness, against such a one. (L.) And اِسْتَشْهَدْتُ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى إِقْرَارِ الغَرِيمِ and ↓ أَشْهَدْتُهُ I asked, or required, [&c., and made,] the man to bear witness to, or to be witness of or to, the confession, or acknowledgment, of the debtor. (L.) b2: [Hence,] استشهد بِبَيْتٍ عَلَى مَعْنَى كَلِمَةٍ [He adduced, or urged, or cited, a verse as an evidential example of the meaning of a word]. (A phrase of frequent occurrence in the larger lexicons.) b3: اُسْتُشْهِدَ (S, K) and ↓ أُشْهِدَ (K) He was slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) شَهْدٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, first sentence.

A2: Also, and ↓ شُهْدٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of the dial. of Temeem, and the latter of the people of El-'Áliyeh, (Msb, TA,) Honey: (K:) or honey in its wax [i. e. its comb]; (S, Msb;) honey not expressed from its wax [or comb]: (TA:) pl. شِهَادٌ: (S, Msb, K:) شَهْدَةٌ is a more particular term, (S, K,) the n. un., [signifying a portion thereof; and a honey-comb, or a portion of a honey-comb;] as also شُهْدَةٌ. (TA.) شُهْدٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شُهُودٌ: see شَاهِدٌ, in two places.

شَهِيدٌ is also written and pronounced شِهِيدٌ, with kesr to the ش: (K, TA:) and in like manner is every word of the measure فَعِيلٌ having a faucial letter for its, medial radical, whether an epithet, like this, or a subst., like رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ: ElHemdánee says, in the “ Iaráb el-Kur-án,” that the people of El-Hijáz, and Benoo-Asad, say رَحِيمٌ and رَغِيفٌ and بَعِيرٌ, with fet-h to the first letter; and Keys and Rabee'ah and Temeem say رَحِيمٌ and رِغِيفٌ and بِعِيرٌ, with kesr to the first letter: Sub says, in the R, that Temeem pronounce every فَعِيل of which the medial radical letter is hemzeh or any other faucial with kesr to the first letter: and En-Nawawee states, on the authority of Lth, that some of the Arabs do the same when the medial radical letter is not a faucial; as in كبير and كريم and جليل and the like thereof. (TA.) [This last pronunciation obtains extensively in the present day: and so, in similar cases, does the intermediate pronunciation termed إِمَالَةُ الفَتْحِ, (i. e. the pronouncing fet-h like “ e ” in the English word “ bed,”) which may be justly regarded as the best to be followed because intermediate and because sanctioned by the usage of the classical times, except in cases that are pointed out by the grammarians as presenting obstacles to the pronunciation thus termed.] b2: شَهِيدٌ is syn. with شَاهِدٌ [in several senses, as shown below]: and its pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, K.) See شَاهِدٌ, in six places. b3: Also Possessing much knowledge with respect to external things: خَبِيرٌ is used in the like sense with respect to internal things; and عَلِيمٌ, in the like sense absolutely. (L.) [Hence, perhaps,] وَادْعُوا شُهَدآءَكُمْ, in the Kur ii. 21, [as though meaning And call ye to your aid those of you who possess much knowledge: or] the meaning here is, your helpers: (Bd:) or your gods whom ye worship. (Jel.) الشَّهِيدُ as a name of God means The Faithful, or Trusty, in his testimony (Zj, L,) or in testimony: (K:) and (Zj, K) as some say, (Zj,) He from whose knowledge nothing is hidden; the Omniscient. (Zj, L, K.) b4: Also, derived from الشَّهَادَةُ, or from المُشَاهَدَةُ, or from الشُّهُودُ, [all inf. ns.,] accord. to different opinions; (TA;) and of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ; (Msb, TA;) or in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ; (TA;) A martyr who is slain in the cause of God's religion; (S, K;) [i. e.] one who is slain by unbelievers on a field of battle; (Msb;) one who is slain fighting in the cause of God's religion: (IAth:) so called because the angels of mercy are present with him; (K;) because the angels are present at the washing of his corpse, or at the removal of his soul to Paradise: (Msb:) or because God and his angels are witnesses for him of his title to a place in Paradise: (IAmb, Mgh, * K:) or because he is one of those who shall be required to bear witness on the day of resurrection, (K, TA,) with the Prophet, (TA,) against the people of past times, (K, TA,) who charged their prophets with falsehood: (TA:) or because of his falling upon the ↓ شَاهِدَة, or ground: (K:) or because he is still living, and present with his Lord: (ISh, Mgh, K:) or because he witnesses. or beholds, God's world of spirits and his world of corporeal beings: (K, * TA:) [and several other reasons are assigned for this appellation:] the primary application is that expl. above: but it is also applied by the Prophet to one who dies of colic: one who is drowned: one who is burned to death: one who is killed by a building falling to ruin upon him: one who dies of pleurisy: (IAth, L:) one who dies of plague, or pestilence: a woman who dies in a state of pregnancy: (L:) and to some others: (IAth:) the pl. is شُهَدَآءُ. (A, Msb, K, &c.) شَهَادَةٌ [see 1:] Information of what one has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (IF, Mgh, L, Msb:) this is the primary signification: (L:) said to be a subst. from المُشَاهَدَةُ: (Msb:) declaration of what one knows: testimony, attestation, evidence, or witness: (L:) decisive information. (S, A, L, K.) b2: An oath: pl. شَهَادَاتٌ: so in the Kur xxiv. 6 [and 8]. (TA.) b3: Martyrdom in the cause of God's religion. (S, K. [See شَهِيدٌ.]) b4: Also i. q. مَشْهَدٌ as expl. below: see the latter word. b5: [And it is used in the sense of مُشَاهَدٌ: thus,]وَالشَّهَادَة الغَيْبِ عَالِمُ , in the Kur vi. 73 &c., means The Knower of what is unseen and of what is seen. (Jel.) شَهِيدَةٌ A roasted lamb: or [the kind of food called] هَرِيسَة [q. v.]: pl. شِهَادٌ. (Har. p. 609.) شَهَّادٌ Always present. (Freytag from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

شَاهِدٌ (S, Mgh, L, K) and ↓ شَهِيدٌ (S, * Mgh, L) One who tells, or gives information of, what he has witnessed, or seen or beheld with his eye: (Mgh, L:) one who declares what he knows: (L:) one who knows, and declares what he knows: (ISd, TA:) a witness, as meaning one who gives testimony, or evidence; who bears witness: (S, * L, K: *) [one who gives decisive information: (see 1, first sentence:)] pl. of the former ↓ شَهْدٌ, (Akh, S, K,) or [rather] this is a quasi-pl. n., (Sb, TA,) like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and سَفْرٌ of سَافِرٌ, (S,) but some disallow this; (TA;) and ↓ شُهُودٌ [but see what is said of this in the latter half of the paragraph] and أَشْهَادٌ are also pls. of شَاهِدٌ, (Mgh, L,) or of شَهْدٌ: (S, K:) the pl. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ is شُهَدَآءُ. (S, Mgh.) [Hence,] ↓ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ, in the Kur 1. 20: see art. سوق. b2: [Hence also] الشَّاهِدُ a name of the Prophet; (K;) meaning The witness against those to whom he has been sent. (Jel in xxxiii. 44.) b3: And شَاهِدٌ An angel: (S, L, K:) or a guardian angel: (Mujáhid:) pl. أَشْهَادٌ: or this means the prophets. (TA.) b4: And The tongue: (S, L, K:) from the saying, لِفُلَانٍ شَاهِدٌ حَسَنٌ Such a one has an elegant diction. (L.) One says also, مَا لِفُلَانٍ رُوَآءٌ وَلَا شَاهِدٌ Such a one has neither goodliness of aspect nor tongue. (Aboo-Bekr, L.) b5: [As a conventional term used in lexicology &c.,] An evidential example, generally poetical, of the form or meaning of a word or phrase: pl. شَوَاهِدُ: the sciences that require شَوَاهِد being those of اللُّغَة and الصَّرْف and النَّحْو and المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع and العَرُوض and القَوَافِى. (MF on the خُطْبَة of the K.) [One says, هٰذَا شَاهِدٌ لِكَذَا and عَلَى كَذَا This is an evidential example of such a thing.] With respect to the classical language, absolutely, شواهد are taken, by universal consent, from the Kur-án, and from the language [both verse and prose (Kull p. 348)] of those Arabs who lived before the period of the corruption [in any considerable degree] of the Arabic tongue: [see مُوَلَّدٌ:] also, accord. to the general decision of the learned, from the Traditions of Mohammad; [which last source is excluded by some because traditions may be corrupted in language by their transmitters, and interpolated, and even forged;] and electively from the language of those Arabs who lived after the first corruption of the Arabic tongue, but before the corruption had become extensive. (Mz, 1st نوع; and MF ubi suprà. [See, again, مُوَلَّدٌ.]) The classes of the poets from whose poetry شواهد are taken are the Pagan Arabs, the Mukhadrams, the Islámees, and the Muwelleds: [see جَاهِلِىٌّ and مُخَضْرَمٌ and إِسْلَامِىٌّ and مُوَلَّدٌ:] with respect to all the sciences above mentioned, they are taken from the poetry of the first, second, and third, classes; from that of the first and second by universal consent, and from that of the third electively: (MF ubi suprá:) but they are taken from the poetry of the fourth class with respect only to the sciences of المَعَانِى and البَيَان and البَدِيع. (Idem, and Kull p. 348.) [The age of the earliest existing classical poems (though some older fragments and couplets and single verses have been preserved) is only about a century before the birth of Mohammad: that of the latest, about a century after his death. (See the Preface to this work.)] b6: Knowing, (Msb,) and witnessing, or seeing or beholding with his eye; a witness, as meaning an eyewitness; (L, Msb;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: pl. of the former [or, as is said in the L in art. مجد, of the former or of the latter,] أَشْهَادٌ and شُهُودٌ; [but see what is said of these pls. in the first sentence of this paragraph;] and of the latter شُهَدَآءُ. (Msb.) [See an ex. of ↓ شَهِيدٌ in this sense in a verse cited voce رَبٌّ.] b7: [Hence, in the present day, applied to A notary, who hears and writes and attests cases to be submitted for judgment in the court of a kádee.] b8: Present; a witness as meaning one personally present; (S, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ شَهِيدٌ: (Msb:) pl. of the former شُهَّدٌ (S, L, K) [and أَشْهَادٌ, as above,] and ↓ شُهُودٌ, (K,) or this last is used as a pl. but is originally an inf. n. (S, L.) One says, الشَّاهِدُ يَرَى مَا لَا يَرَى الغَائِبُ, meaning The present knows what the absent knows not. (Msb.) And قَوْمٌ شُهُودٌ People, or persons, present. (S, A.) And كَلَّمْتُهُ عَلَى رُؤُوسِ الأَشْهَادِ [I spoke to him before witnesses, or persons present]. (A.) b9: [Hence, app., being opposed to غَائِبٌ,] A running in which a horse exerts his force unsparingly; (A, L;) as in the saying, لِلْفَرَسِ غَائِبٌ وَشَاهِدٌ The horse has a run which he reserves [for the time of need], and a run which he performs unsparingly; like the saying, لَهُ صَوْنٌ وَبَذْلٌ: (A: [see 1 in art. بذل:]) or شَاهِدٌ means a running that testifies the excellence of a horse, (IAar, K,) and his quality of outstripping others. (IAar, TA.) b10: A star [app. when visible]; (Aboo-Eiyoob, K;) as being present and apparent in the night. (TA.) b11: [Hence, accord. to some,] صَلَاةُ الشَّاهِدِ The prayer of sunset; (A, L, Msb, K;) because it is the prayer that is performed when the star becomes visible; (Sh, L;) also called صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ, because the stars are seen at the time thereof: or, accord. to some, the prayer of daybreak; (L;) [and so, accord. to some, صَلَاةُ البَصَرِ; (see art. بصر;)] as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ; (TA;) and it is said to be so called because he who is travelling must perform it without abridging it, like him who is present at his home: Aboo-Sa'eed Ed-Dareer says that the former prayer is so called for this reason [as is also said in the A and Msb]: AM asserts that the first reason assigned above is the right one, because the prayer of daybreak, in like manner, may not be abridged, and is not thus called; but it is thus called by a poet. (L.) b12: And الشَّاهِدُ is a name of Friday; (Fr, K;) as also ↓ المَشْهُودُ: or the latter is the day of resurrection: (K:) or the day of 'Arafeh: (Fr, K: [see عَرَفَةُ:]) because of the presence and congregation of people on each of those days. (TA.) b13: شَاهِدٌ also signifies Matter resembling mucus, that comes forth with the fœtus: (S, K:) pl. شُهُودٌ: which latter, accord. to ISd, means the أَغْرَاس [pl. of غِرْسٌ, q. v.,] upon the head of a young camel at the time of its birth. (TA.) And شُهُودٌ النَّاقَةِ means The marks left by the blood, or by the membrane that enclosed the fœtus, of the she-camel, in the place where she has brought forth. (S, K.) b14: Also A quick, or an expeditious, thing or affair. (K.) الشَّاهِدَةُ The earth, or ground. (K.) See شَهِيدٌ, last sentence.

مَشْهَدٌ A place where people are present or assembled; a place of assembling; an assembly; (S, L, K;) as also ↓ مَشْهَدَةٌ and ↓ مَشْهُدَةٌ (K) and ↓ شَهَادَةٌ: (L:) pl. مَشَاهِدُ. (A.) [Hence,] مَشَاهِدُ مَكَّةَ The places of religious visitation, where the ceremonies of the pilgrimage &c. are performed, at Mekkeh. (L.) b2: [A funeral assembly or procession. b3: A place where a martyr has died or is buried. b4: And The aspect, or outward appearance, of a person; like مَرْأًى: see an instance voce عَوْدٌ.]

مُشْهَدٌ Slain a martyr in the cause of God's religion. (K. [See also شَهِيدٌ.]) اِمْرَأَةٌ مُشْهِدٌ, (S, A, K,) without ة, (S,) and مُشْهِدَةٌ, (A,) A woman whose husband is present with her: (S, A, K:) opposed to اِمْرَأَةٌ مُغِيبَةٌ; (S, A;) this last with ة. (S.) مَشْهَدَةٌ and مَشْهُدَةٌ: see مَشْهَدٌ.

مَجْلِسٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A place of assembling at which numerous persons are present]. (A.) And يَوْمٌ مَشْهُودٌ [A day on which numerous persons are present: and particularly] a day on which the inhabitants of heaven and earth will be present. (TA.) And صَلَاةٌ مَشْهُودَةٌ مَكْتُوبَةٌ A prayer at the performance of which the angels are present, and the recompense of which, for the performer, is written, or registered. (L.) See also شَاهِدٌ, in two places, in the last quarter of the paragraph. b2: مَعْهُودٌ وَمَشْهُودٌ وَمَوْعُودٌ Past and present and future; the tenses of a verb. (Kh, L in art. عهد.)

شحذ

1 شَحَذَ, (S, A, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَحْذٌ, (S,) He sharpened (S, A, Msb, K) a knife, (S, A, L, K,) and a sword, and the like, (L,) or an iron implement, (Msb), with a whetstone or other similar thing; (TA;) as also ↓ اشحذ; (K;) and ↓ شحّذ, inf. n. تَشْحِيذٌ. (KL.) b2: [Hence,] شَحَذْتَ عَلَيْنَا لِسَانَكَ (tropical:) [Thou hast sharpened against us thy tongue]. (A and TA in art. رهف.) And اِشْحَذْ لَهُ غَرْبَ ذِهْنِكَ (tropical:) [Sharpen thou for it the edge of thine intellect]. (A.) And شَحَذَهُ بِعَيْنِهِ, (K,) or بِبَصَرِهِ, (A,) (tropical:) He looked sharply at him. (K, * TA.) And شَحَذَ الجُوعُ مَعِدَتَهُ (assumed tropical:) Hunger made his stomach keen, and strengthened it, (L,) and inflamed it. (L, K.) b3: Hence also, i. e. from شَحَذَ in the sense first expl. above, (Har p. 377,) فُلَانٌ يَشْحَذُ النَّاسَ, (inf. n. شَحْذٌ, K,) (tropical:) Such a one begs importunately of men: (A, K, * and Har ubi suprà:) and شَحَذْتُهُ I begged importunately of him. (Msb.) b4: and شَحَذَهُ (assumed tropical:) He drove him away; namely, a man; (K;) as also ↓ تشحّذهُ, (CK, and so accord. to the O,) or ↓ شحّذهُ, (K accord. to the TA,) inf. n. تَشْحِيذٌ. (TA.) [See also 5 below.] And شَحَذْتُهُ, (O, TA,) inf. n. as above, (K,) (assumed tropical:) I drove him vehemently. (O, K, * TA.) b5: شَحْذٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The being angry. (K.) You say, شَحَذَ عَلَيْهِ (assumed tropical:) He was angry with him. (TK.) b6: And i. q. قَشْرٌ [The act of paring, or peeling, &c.]. (O, K.) You say, شَحَذَهُ, i. e. قَشَرَهُ [He pared it, peeled it, &c.]. (TK.) 2 شَحَّذَ see above, in two places.3 شَاحَذَنِى, inf. n. شِحَاذٌ, He assisted me, by alternating with me, (رَاسَلَنِى,) and did like as I did, in sharpening a sword and the like. (Ham p. 533.) A2: شاحذت النَّاقَةُ The she-camel raised her tail, and then twisted it vehemently, when in labour, being near to bringing forth. (O, K.) 4 أَشْحَذَ see 1, first sentence.5 رَأَيْتُهُ يَتَشَحَّذُ (tropical:) [I saw him applying himself to importunate begging]. (A, TA. [In both this meaning is indicated by the context.]) A2: تَشَحَّذَنِى

فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one drove me away, and subjected me to trouble, or difficulty. (TA.) See also 1.

شَحَذَانٌ (assumed tropical:) [Having a keen appetite;] hungry. (S, M, L, K.) b2: And (assumed tropical:) A vehement driver. (K TA. [See also مِشْحَذٌ.]) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Light, or active, in his work (فِى سَعْيِهِ). (O, K.) شُحْذُوذٌ, applied to a man, i. q. نَزِقٌ (assumed tropical:) [Light, and unsteady, or lightwitted; &c.]. (TA.) شَحِيذٌ, applied to a knife [&c.], Sharpened; (Lth, A, TA;) as also ↓ مَشْحُوذٌ. (Lth, TA.) شَحَّاذٌ (tropical:) An importunate beggar: (A, K: *) one should not say شَحَّاثٌ: (K:) the latter is said by IB to be a vulgar corruption; but several authors assert it to be correct, because ذ is changed into ث without any error in speech, as is asserted by El-Khafájee and others; and accord. to the A, both these words signify as above: (TA in art. شحث, and partly repeated in the present art.:) [it is said, however, that] شَحَّاذٌ meaning a beggar does not occur in the language of the Arabs. (Har p. 377.) مِشْحَذٌ A whetstone; or thing with which, or upon which, one sharpens. (S, K.) b2: And [hence,] A rough, severe, or violent, driver: (O, K: [see also شَحَذَانٌ:] and applied also as an epithet to a driving. (O.) مَشْحَذَةٌ [A cause, or means, of sharpening: a word of the class of مَجْبَنَةٌ &c.]. One says, هٰذَا كَلَامٌ مَشْحَذَةٌ لِلْفَهْمِ (tropical:) [This is discourse that is a cause, or means, of sharpening of the understanding]. (A.) مِشْحَاذٌ An [elevation such as is termed] أَكَمَة, wide within, (O, K, TA,) not rough in the stones [thereof], but extending long upon the earth, not having in it trees nor soft ground: (O, TA:) or, accord. to ISh, (O, TA,) level ground, (O, K, TA,) in which are pebbles like those [that are strewn in the court] of the mosque, and in which is no mountain: but he says that ADk disapproves the word: (O, TA:) accord. to Fr, (O,) the head of a mountain, (O, K, TA,) when sharp, or pointed: pl. مَشَاحِذُ. (O.) مَشْحُوذٌ: see شَحِيذٌ. b2: فُلَانٌ مَشْحُوذٌ عَلَيْهِ (tropical:) Such a one is an object of anger. (O, TA.)

شجر

1 شَجْرٌ is an inf. n. of شَجَرَ, and signifies The being, or becoming, intricate, complicated, perplexed, confused, or intricately intermixed; as also ↓ اِشْتِجَارٌ. (TA.) You say, شَجَرَ الأَمْرُ بَيْنَهُمْ, (Msb, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. شَجْرٌ (Msb, TA) and شُجُورٌ, (K, TA,) The affair, or case, was, or became, complicated, intricate, or confused, so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference, between them; syn. اِضْطَرَبَ; (Msb;) and so شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ [in which الأَمْرُ is understood]; syn. اِخْتَلَفَ: (S:) it was, or became, an occasion of contention, or dispute, or of disagreement, or difference, between them. (K, TA.) فِيمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَهُمْ, in the Kur 4:65, means Respecting that which hath become complicated, or intricate, or confused, [so as to be a subject of disagreement, or difference,] between them: and hence the word شَجَرٌ, [“ trees,” and “ shrubs,”] because of the intermixing, or confusion, of the branches: (Bd:) or respecting the disagreement, or difference, that has happened between them. (Zj, Mgh.) And it is said in a trad., إِيَّاكُمْ وَمَا شَجَرَ بَيْنَ أَصْحَابِى Avoid ye the disagreement, or difference, that hath occurred among my companions. (TA.) A2: شَجَرَهُ, (K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. شَجْرٌ, He tied it; namely, a thing. (K.) b2: شَجَرَهُ بِالرُّمْحِ He thrust, or pierced, him with the spear, (S, A, K, TA,) so that it stuck fast in him. (TA.) b3: شَجَرَهُ عَنْهُ, (S, A, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. شَجْرٌ, (S,) He, or it, averted, or diverted, him, from it; (S, A, K;) namely, an affair: (K:) he removed, or put away, (TS, K,) him, (K,) or it, (TS,) from it: (TS, K:) he withheld, or debarred, and repelled, him from it. (K.) You say, مَا شَجَرَكَ عَنْهُ What has averted thee, or diverted thee, from it? (S, A.) b4: شَجَرَ البَيْتَ, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He propped up the بيت [or tent] with a pole. (S, K, TA. [In some copies of the K, بِعُودٍ is erroneously put for بِعَمُودٍ.]) In like manner شَجَرْتُهُ is said of anything as meaning I propped it up with a pole or the like. (TA.) and شَجَرَ الشَّجَرَةَ, (T, K, TA,) and النَّبَاتَ, (T, TA,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He raised the hanging branches of the tree, or shrub, (T, K, TA,) and of the plant. (T, TA.) And شَجَرَ الثَّوْبَ He raised the garment, it having gone down. (T, TA.) And شُجِرَ, inf. n. as above, is said of anything as meaning It was raised, upraised, uplifted, or elevated. (TA.) b5: شَجَرَ فَاهُ He opened his mouth (A, K, * TA) with a stick, or a piece of wood, (A, TA,) by inserting this into the part of the mouth called its شَجْر, (TA,) فَأَوْجَرَهُ [and then put, or poured, medicine, or water, &c., into his mouth]. (A, TA.) And شَجَرَ الدَّابَّةَ, (TS, K, TA,) aor. and inf. n. as above; or, accord. to one relation of a trad. in which it occurs, اِشْتَجَرَهَا ↓ بِلِجَامِهَا; (TA;) He made the beast to open its mouth by jerking its bridle to curb it. (TS, K, TA.) b6: And شَجَرَ الشَّىْءَ He threw the thing upon the مِشْجَر [q. v.], (S, K,) i. e. the مِشْجَب. (S.) A3: شَجِرَ, aor. ـَ i. q. كَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ [app. meaning Its aggregate became large in quantity; or it became much in the aggregate]: (TS, K, TA:) but accord. to As, [it seems to signify it became collected together, and then scattered, or dispersed, by something: for he says that] ↓ شَجِرٌ [its reg. part. n.] is applied to anything collected together, and then scattered, or dispersed, by something (TA.) 2 تَشْجِيرُ النَّخْلِ i. q. تَشْخِيرُهُ, (K,) The laying of the racemes of the palm-trees upon the branches, lest they should break: (K in art. شخر:) this is done when the fruit is much in quantity, and the racemes are large, and one fears for the heart of the tree, and for the base, or lower part, of the raceme. (TA in the present art.) 3 شاجر المَالُ The cattle pastured upon شَجَر [i. e. trees, or shrubs], (ISk, S, A, K,) having consumed the herbs and leguminous plants. (ISk, S, A. *) b2: شاجر فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا, (K,) inf. n. مُشَاجَرَةٌ (S,) Such a one contended, disputed, or litigated, with such a one. (S, * K, TA.) 4 اشجرت الأَرْضُ The land produced شَجَر [i. e. trees, or shrubs]. (K.) 6 تَشَاْجَرَ see 8, in three places.7 إِنْشَجَرَ see 8, in two places, and see 7 in art. سجر.8 اشتجر It was, or became, knit, or connected, together, one part with another; as also اِشْتَبَكَ: it was, or became, commingled, one part amid, or within, another; (TA;) and so ↓ تشاجر: (Ham p. 161:) it was, or became, intricate, complicated, perplexed, confused, or intricately intermixed. (TA: see 1, first sentence.) It is said in a trad., relating to conflict and faction فِتْنَة), يَشْتَجِرُونَ فِيهَا اشْتِجَارَ أَطْبَاقِ الرَّأْسِ) They become knit together therein, like the knitting together of the bones of the head that interjoin, one with another, one entering into another: or the meaning is, they disagree, or differ, one with another. (TA.) You say, اشتجروا بِرِمَاحِهِمْ (TA) and بِهَا ↓ تشاجروا (S, A, Msb, TA) They became knit together, or commingled, one with another, [in conflict,] with their spears: (TA:) or they thrust, or pierced, one another with their spears. (S, A, Mgh, Msb, TA.) And اشتجروا (Zj, S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ تشاجروا (Zj, S, A, Mgh, K) They became commingled, or confused, or embroiled, disagreeing, or differing: (Zj, TA:) they contended, or disputed, together; (S, A, Mgh, Msb;) or disagreed, or differed. (S, * A, * Mgh, Msb, * K.) b2: Also He preceded, outwent, or outstripped; (K, * TA;) and so ↓ انشجر. (K.) b3: And, said of sleep, It withdrew, or kept aloof, from one; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ انشجر. (K.) A2: Also (S, K) said of a man, (S,) He put his hand beneath his شَجْر, against the part beneath his chin: (S:) or he put his hand beneath his chin and leaned upon his elbow, (K, TA,) not laying his side upon the bed. (TA.) b2: [And, said of a horse, He was bridled, reined, or curbed: (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees:) or perhaps the verb in this sense is in the passive form:] A3: see 1, last sentence but two.

شَجْرٌ A discordant, or complicated, or confused, affair, or case. (O, K.) A2: Also The part, of a رَحْل [or camel's saddle], that is between the كَرَّانِ, (K, TA, [this word erroneously written in the CK with ز,]) which are the قَادِمَة and the آخِرَة, (TA in art. شخر,) [i. e. the شَرْخَانِ,] the كَرّ being what conjoins the ظَلِفَتَانِ [in the fore part of the saddle and in like manner in the hinder part]: the part between the كَرَّانِ is also called the شَخْر. (TA in the present art. [It is there said that this part is also called the شَرْخ as well as the شَخْر: but this is a mistake.]) b2: And The chin: (As, O, K:) or (TA, in the K “ and,”) the place of opening (مَفْرَج, [as in the K voce شِينٌ,] in the K here erroneously written مَخْرَج, the meaning being مَفْتَح,) of the mouth: (K, * TA:) or the part between the two lower jaws: (AA, S, K:) or the hinder part of the mouth: or the side of the mouth, where the upper and lower lips unite: or what has opened of the part where the mouth closes [when medicine or the like is put into it]; expl. by مَا انْفَتَحَ مِنْ مُنْطَبَقِ الفَمِ: or the place of meeting of the لِهْزِمَتَانِ [q. v., a word variously explained]: (K:) or the part where the two sides of the lower jaw unite, beneath the hair that grows between the lower lip and the chin: and, in a horse, the part between the upper, main, portions of the two sides of the lower jaw: (TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَشْجَارٌ and [of mult.] شُجُورٌ and شِجَارٌ. (K.) شَجَرٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and ↓ شِجَرٌ and شِيَرٌ, (K,) in which last the ج is changed into ى, like as the ى is changed into ج, as in غَنِجٌّ, originally غَنِىٌّ, or, accord. to IJ, the ى in شِيَرٌ is not changed from ج because it remains ى in the dim., in which, where it so changed, it should be changed back into ج, whereas the dim. of شِيَرَةٌ is said to be شُيَيْرَةٌ and شِيَيْرَةٌ, and because it has kesr instead of fet-h to the ش, [whence it appears that IJ knew not شِجَرٌ,] (TA,) [as coll. gen. ns., Trees; and shrubs, or bushes; which latter are also called, for distinction, دِقُّ الشَّجَرِ; and sometimes applied to plants in general; and, as a gen. n., sometimes meaning the tree, &c.;] the kind of plant that has a trunk, or stem: (S, A, K:) or the kind that has a hard trunk, or stem, (Mgh, Msb,) like the نَخْل &c.: (Msb:) or such as produces seed, and does not come to an end in its year: (Mgh:) or such as rises, or rises high, of itself, whether slender or large, and whether it withstand the winter or lack strength to do so: (K:) called شَجَرٌ from شَجَرَ, because of the intermixing, or confusion, of the branches: (Bd in iv. 68, and TA: *) n. un. with ة, (Msb, K,) i. e. شَجَرَةٌ (S, Mgh, Msb, TA) and ↓ شِجَرَةٌ and شِيَرَةٌ: (TA:) the pl. [of شَجَرٌ] is أَشْجَارٌ (S, Msb) and [of شَجَرَةٌ] شَجَرَاتٌ (Msb, TA) and [of شِيَرَةٌ] شِيَرَاتٌ: (TA:) ↓ شَجْرَآءُ also signifies the same as شَجَرٌ: (K:) or it is a pl. [or rather a quasi-pl. n.] of شَجَرَةٌ; a pl. [or quasi-pl. n.] of which there are few other instances; قَصْبَآءُ of قَصَبَةٌ, and طَرْفَآءُ of طَرَفَةٌ, and حَلْفَآءُ of حَلَفَةٌ; or, accord. to As, the sing. [or n. un.] of حلفآءُ is حَلِفَةٌ: and accord. to Sb, شَجْرَآءُ is sing. and pl., and so are قَصْبَآءُ and طَرْفَآءُ and حَلْفَآءُ: (S:) or شَجْرَآءُ signifies tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, شَجَر: (A:) or a collection of شَجَر. (TA.) b2: شَجَرَةُ البَقِّ &c.: see in arts. بق &c. b3: In the saying in a trad., that the شَجَرَة and the صَخْرَة are of, or from, Paradise, by the former is said to be meant The grape-vine: or the tree beneath which allegiance was sworn to the Prophet; and which, it is said, was a شَمُرَة [or gum-acacia-tree]: (TA:) and by the latter, the صخرة [or rock] of Jerusalem. (TA in art. صخر, q. v.) b4: By الشَّجَرَةُ الطَّيِّبَةُ, mentioned in the Kur in xiv. 29, is said to be meant The palm-tree: or a certain tree in Paradise: and by الشَّجَرَةُ الخَبِيثَةُ, in the next verse but one, the colocynth, and the كَشُوث: [see art. خبث:] or each may have a more general application. (Bd in xiv. 31.) And الشَّجَرَةُ المَلْعُونَةُ, mentioned in the Kur xvii. 62, means The tree called الزَّقُّوم: and some explain it as meaning the Devil: and Aboo-Jahl: and El-Hakam Ibn-Abi-l-'As. (Bd.) b5: شَجَرَةٌ also signifies (tropical:) The stock, or origin, of a man: (O, TA:) [hence,] one says, هُوَ مِنْ شَجَرَةٍ طَيِّبَةٍ (tropical:) [He is of a good stock or origin]; and مِنْ شَجَرَةِ النُّبُوَّةِ (tropical:) [of the prophetic stock, meaning of the stock of the Prophet]. (A.) [And (assumed tropical:) A genealogical tree; a pedigree.] b6: Also, (CK,) or ↓ شَجْرَةٌ, (O, and K accord. to the TA, [but probably thus in the TA only because found to be so in the O,]) (assumed tropical:) A small speck, or speckle, on the chin of a boy: (O, K:) on the authority of IAar. (TA.) b7: And one says, مَا أَحْسَنَ شَجَرَةَ ضَرْعِهَا, (so in my copy of the A, and accord. to the CK,) or ضرعها ↓ شَجْرَةَ, (O, and so accord. to the text of the K as given in the TA, [but Z has, in the A, distinguished the phrase as tropical, and hence it seems that he held the former reading to be the right,]) (tropical:) How goodly are the shape, (A,) or the size, (O, K,) and the appearance, of her udder! (A, O, K:) or the veins and skin and flesh thereof! referring to a she-camel. (O, K.) شَجِرٌ: see 1, last sentence: A2: and its fem., with ة, see voce شَجِيرٌ.

شِجَرٌ; and its n. un., with ة: see شَجَرٌ.

شَجْرَةٌ: see شَجَرٌ, last two sentences.

شَجْرَآءُ, as a quasi-pl. n.: see شَجَرٌ.

A2: Also fem. of أَشْجَرُ as syn. with شَجِيرٌ.

الحُرُوفُ الشَّجْرِيَّةُ [The letters of which the شَجْر is the place of utterance; (in the CK, الشَّجَرِيَّةُ;)] the letters ج and ش and ض. (K.) شَجَارٌ: see مِشْجَرٌ, in two places.

شِجَارٌ: see مِشْجَرٌ, in four places. b2: Also The wood of a well, (S, K, KL,) by means of which the bucket is drawn out therefrom: (KL:) pl. شُجُرٌ: (S:) this pl. occurs in a verse, accord. to J; but the right reading in that instance is سُجُل, as is shown by the rhyme of the poem. (Sgh, TA.) b3: Also [A wooden bar of a door;] a piece of wood which is put behind a door; called in Pers\. مَتَرْس, (S, K, TA,) written by Az مَتَّرْس. (TA.) b4: And A piece of wood with which a couch-frame (سَرِير) is repaired, by its being affixed as a ضَبَّة [q. v.], (S, K,) beneath it. (S.) b5: And A piece of wood which is put in the mouth of a kid, to prevent its sucking. (TS, K.) b6: And A certain brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon camels. (S, K.) وَادٍ شَجِيرٌ, and ↓ أَشْجَرُ, (K,) or the former, (S, A,) but not the latter, (S,) and ↓ مُشْجِرٌ; (K;) and أَرْضٌ شَجِيرَةٌ, (S, TA,) and ↓ شَجِرَةٌ, (A, K,) and ↓ شَجْرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَشْجَرَةٌ; (AHn, S, * K;) A valley, and a land, abounding with شَجَر or أَشْجَار [i. e. trees, or shrubs]. (S, A, Msb, K.) b2: شَجِيرٌ also signifies Strange, or a stranger; applied to a man, (S, A, K,) and to a camel. (S, K.) b3: And An arrow that is used in the game called المَيْسِر, thrown among arrows not from its kind of tree: (S, K:) or one that is borrowed, and from the winning of which [on former occasions] one augurs good. (TA.) b4: Also Bad, corrupt, or disapproved. (Kr, K.) b5: And A companion: (M, K:) or a friend: (A:) pl. شُجَرَآءُ. (M, TA.) b6: And A sword. (K.) شَجَارَةٌ: see مِشْجَرٌ.

شَوَاجِرُ [pl. of شَاجِرَةٌ fem. of شَاجِرٌ]: see مُشْتَجِرٌ. b2: Also Withholding, or debarring, and diverting, things. (TA.) You say, شَجَرَتْنِى عَنْهُ شَوَاجِرُ [Withholding, or debarring, or diverting, things withheld, or debarred, or diverted, me from it]. (S.) أَشْجَرُ; and its fem., شَجْرَآءُ: see شَجِيرٌ. b2: Also (K) Containing more شَجَر [i. e. trees, or shrubs]: (S, K:) so in the saying, هٰذِهِ الأَرْضُ أَشْجَرُ مِنْ هٰذِهِ [This land is one containing more trees than this]. (S, K. *) It has no known verb. (TA.) مَشْجَرٌ (S, K, TA) [and] ↓ مَشْجَرَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) A place (S, Mgh, Msb, K) of growth (Mgh, K) of شَجَر or أَشْجَار [i. e. trees, or shrubs]: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or, as some say, the former signifies many شَجَر. (TA.) b2: The former also signifies A place of مُشَاجَرَة [i. e. contending, disputing, or litigating]: pl. مَشَاجِرُ: and, some say, it is an inf. n. (Har p. 473.) b3: See also مِشْجَرٌ, in two places.

مُشْجِرٌ: see شَجِيرٌ. b2: You say also أَرْضٌ مُشْجِرَةٌ meaning A land giving growth to شَجَر [i. e. trees, or shrubs]. (TA. [See also مَشْجَرٌ.]) مِشْجَرٌ i. q. مِشْجَبٌ [i. e. A thing composed of pieces of wood, or sticks, the heads of which are bound together, and the feet parted asunder, upon which clothes &c. are put]: (S:) or pieces of wood, or sticks, tied together, like the مِشْجَب, upon which articles of furniture, or utensils, are put: (M, Msb:) pl. مَشَاجِرُ. (M, TA.) b2: and hence, (M,) The wood, (K,) or pieces of wood, (M,) of the [kind of camel-vehicle for women called] هَوْدَج; (M, K;) as also ↓ مَشْجَرٌ and ↓ شِجَارٌ and ↓ شَجَارٌ: (L, K:) n. un. مَشْجَرَةٌ and ↓ شَجَارَةٌ: (TA:) or a vehicle used by women, smaller than the هَوْدَج, having the head uncovered; (AA, K, * TA;) as also ↓ مَشْجَرٌ and ↓ شِجَارٌ and ↓ شَجَارٌ: (K:) accord. to Lth, ↓ شِجَارٌ signifies the wood [or frame-work] of the هودج, which when covered becomes a هودج: (TA:) As says that مَشَاجِرُ signifies the pieces of wood of a هودج: AA, that it signifies vehicles smaller than هَوَادِج, having the heads uncovered; also called سُجُرٌ, of which the sing. is ↓ شِجَارٌ. (S.) مَشْجَرَةٌ: see شَجِيرٌ: b2: and see also مَشْجَرٌ.

مُشَجَّرٌ Figured work (TA) having the form of شَجَر [i. e. trees, or shrubs]: (K, * TA:) and silk brocade (دِيبَاج) figured with the forms of شَجَر. (S, K.) مُشْتَجَرُ الرِّمَاحِ [The place of the commingling of spears; or of the thrusting, or piercing, therewith]. (Ham p. 161.) مُشْتَجِرٌ and ↓ مُتَشَاجِرٌ Commingled [and confused]: you say رِمَاحٌ مُشْتَجِٰرَةٌ and ↓ مُتَشَاجِرَةٌ and ↓ شَوَاجِرُ Spears commingled and confused. (TA.) مُتَشَاجِرٌ: see what next precedes, in two places.

شرط

1 شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ and شَرُطَ, (S, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْطٌ; (Msb;) and عليه ↓ اشترط كذا; (S, * Msb, * K, * TA;) both signify the same; (S, Msb, K;) [He imposed such a thing as a condition, or by stipulation, upon him;] he made such a thing a condition against him. (TK.) And شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ فِى البَيْعِ He imposed a thing as obligatory upon him in the sale, and took it upon himself as such. (TK.) A2: شَرَطَ, aor. ـِ and شَرُطَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرْطٌ, (Msb, K,) He (a cupper) scarified; syn. بَزَغَ; (S, K;) as also ↓ شرّط, inf. n. تَشْرِيطٌ. (JK in art. بزغ, and TA. *) [Hence, and from the verb in the sense first mentioned, the saying,] رُبَّ شَرْطِ شَارِطٍ أَوْجَعُ مِنْ شَرْطِ شَارِطٍ

[Many a condition of one making a condition is more painful than the scarifying of a scarifier]. (TA.) b2: He slit the ear of a camel. (TA.) b3: He slit. and then twisted, [or wove together, (see شَرِيطٌ,)] palm-leaves. (TA.) A3: شَرِطَ He fell into a momentous, or formidable, case. (O, K.) 2 شَرَّطَ see the next preceding paragraph.3 شارطهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُشَارَطَةٌ, (TA,) He made a condition, or conditions, or he stipulated, with him, mutually; each of them made a condition, or conditions, or each of them stipulated, with the other. (O, L, K.) And عَلَيْهِ ↓ تشارط is like شَارَطَ [app. meaning He made a condition, or conditions, with another, or others; or they (a party of persons) made a condition, or conditions, together; against him]. (TA.) 4 اشرط نَفْسَهُ He marked himself, and prepared himself, (S, K,) لِكَذَا (K) or لِأَمْرِ كَذَا [ for such an affair]. (S.) b2: He (a courageous man) marked himself for death. (TA.) b3: اشرط نَفْسَهُ وَمَالَهُ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ He put forward, or offered, himself and his property in this affair. (TA.) b4: اشرط إِبِلَهُ He made known that his camels were for sale. (K.) And اشرط طَائِفَةً مِنْ إِبِلِهِ وَغَنَمِهِ He set apart a portion of his camels, and of his sheep, or goats, and made known that they were for sale. (TA.) And اشرط مِنْ إِبِلِهِ, (S, K,) and غَنَمِهِ, (S,) He prepared for sale some of his camels, (S, K,) and of his sheep, or goats. (S.) b5: أَشْرَطْتُ فُلَانًا لِعَمَلِ كَذَا I prepared such a one for such a work, or such an agency or employment, and made him to have the charge, or management, thereof. (AA.) b6: اشرط إِلَيْهِ الرَّسُولَ He hastened to him the messenger, (K, * TA,) and sent him forward: from أَشْرَاطٌ signifying the “ beginnings ” of things. (TA.) A2: اشرط بِهَا, and فِيهَا, He held it to be, or made it, a thing of mean account, and perilled, hazarded, or risked, it. (TA.) [It is not said to what the pronoun refers.]5 تشرّط فِى عَمَلِهِ He acted, or performed, well, soundly and skilfully, or, nicely and exactly, in his work, (O, L, K,) and constrained himself to observe whatever conditions were imposed upon him. (L.) 6 تَشَاْرَطَ see 3.8 إِشْتَرَطَ see 1, first signification. b2: [اُشْتُرِطَ It was made conditional, or a condition. And He, or it, was made to be conditionally intended, in, or by, a saying, دُونَ غَيْرِهِ exclusively of any other..]10 استشرط المَالُ The camels, or the like, became in a bad state after having been in a good state. (Sgh, K.) [See شَرَطٌ.]

شَرْطٌ [A condition; a term; a stipulation; said to signify] the imposition of a thing as obligatory [upon a person], and the taking it upon oneself as such, in a sale and the like; (K;) [but this is a loose explanation, as is observed in the TK; the meaning being a thing imposed upon a person as obligatory, and taken upon oneself as such: in the S, it is merely said to be well known:] and ↓ شَرِيطَةٌ signifies the same: (S, Msb, K:) pl. of the former, شُرُوطٌ: (S, Msb, K:) and of the latter, شَرَائِطُ. (Msb, TA.) It is said in a trad., لَا يَجُوزُ شَرْطَانِ فِى بَيْعٍ [Two conditions in a sale are not allowable]; as when one says, “I sell to thee this garment, or piece of cloth, for ready money for a deenár, and on credit for two deenárs. ” (TA.) And it is said in a prov., الشَّرْطُ أَمْلَكُ عَلَيْكَ أَمْ لَكَ (TA) The condition is most valid, or binding, [whether it be against thee or in thy favour:] (Mgh in art. ملك:) relating to the keeping of conditions between brothers. (Sgh, TA.) [شَرْطٌ also relates to other things beside sales and the like: for instance, you say, شَرْطُ المَصْدَرِ كَذَا وَكَذَا, meaning What is required to justify the application of the term مصدر is such a thing, and such a thing.]

A2: شَرْطَا نَهْرٍ The two banks of a river. (TA.) b2: [The pl.] شُرُوطٌ also signifies Roads leading in different directions. (TA.) A3: See also شَرَطٌ, in two places.

شَرَطٌ A sign, token, or mark, (S, Msb, K,) which men appoint between them; (TA;) as also ↓ شَرْطٌ: (TA:) pl. of the former, أَشْرَاطٌ. (Msb, K.) And hence, (Msb,) أَشْرَاطُ السَّاعَةِ The signs of the resurrection, or of the time thereof; (S, Msb, TA;) mentioned in the Kur [xlvii. 20]: or the small events prior thereto, which men deny: (El-Khattábee:) or the means thereof, exclusive of the main circumstances thereof, and of the event itself. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] الشَّرَطَانِ The two stars [a and b] which are the two horns of Aries; (S, K, Kzw;) the brighter whereof is called النَّاطِحُ; (Kzw;) [and the other, النَّطْحُ;] the First Mansion of the Moon: (Kzw:) to-wards the north of them is a small star which some of the Arabs reckon with those two, saying that it (namely this mansion, K) consists of three stars, and calling them الأَشْرَاطُ: (S, K:) IAar mentions an instance of the use of the sing., الشَّرَطُ; but the dual is more approved, and more commonly known: (TA:) the two stars above mentioned are the first asterism of the spring. (ISd, Z.) [See مَنَازِلُ القَمَرِ, in art. نزل.] Hassán Ibn-Thábit says, فِى نَدَامَى بِيضِ الوُجُوهِ كِرَامٍ

نُبِّهُوا بَعْدَ هَجْعَةِ الأَشْرَاطِ meaning [Among fair-faced, generous cup-companions, roused from sleep after] the setting of the اشراط: though another meaning, which see below, has been assigned to the last word. (Sgh.) b3: And hence, (ISd, Z,) شَرَطٌ also signifies (assumed tropical:) The beginning of a thing; (ISd, * Z, * K;) as also ↓ مِشْرَاطٌ: (Ibn-'Abbád, K:) pl. of the former, أَشْرَاطٌ, which is applied to the beginnings of any event that happens because the شَرَطَان are the first asterism of the spring: (ISd, Z:) the pl. of ↓ مشراط in the sense here expl. is مَشَارِيطُ. (K.) Hence, accord. to some, أَشْرَاطُ السَّاعَةِ, expl. above. (TA.) A2: The refuse, (S, Msb, K, TA,) such as the galled in the back, and the emaciated, (TA,) and the young, (K,) and the bad, (A'Obeyd,) of camels or the like, (S, K,) or of goats, (Msb,) or of goats also: (S:) used alike as sing. and pl. and masc. and fem.: and applied particularly to the young of camels, as a pl. and as a sing.: also, to a she-camel and to a he-camel: and to such, of camels, as is brought, or driven, from one place to another for sale; as the aged she-camel, and the camel that is galled in the back: (TA:) also the same, not ↓ شَرْطٌ as in the K, [without restriction of its application,] low, base, vile, or mean; (K, * TA;) and so ↓ أَشْرَطُ: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَاطٌ, (S, K,) and pl. pl. أَشَارِيطُ. (S,* TA.) You say, الغَنَمُ

أَشْرَاطُ المَالِ [Sheep, or goats, are the refuse, or meanest sort, of beasts that people possess]. (S.) And شَرَطٌ is also applied to men; (S, TA;) شَرَطُ النَّاسِ signifying The refuse, or lowest or basest or meanest sort, pf mankind or people. (TA.) In the verse of Hassán Ibn-Thábit cited above, الأَشْرَاط is said to mean The guards, or watchmen, and the lowest or basest or meanest sort of people; (S, Sgh;) [so that هَجْعَة must be understood in the sense of “ a light sleep in the first part of the night; ”] but the correct meaning is that expl. before. (Sgh.) b2: Also أَشْرَاطٌ, The noble, eminent, or honourable, sort of men: thus the word has two contr. significations. (Yaakoob, S, K.) A3: And A small water-course coming from a space of ten cubits: (AHn, O, K:) or what flows from even tracts of ground into the [larger water-courses called] شِعَاب. (TA.) شَرْطَةٌ A single act of scarifying; a scarification. (Msb.) شُرْطَةٌ A thing which one has made a condition. (Sgh, K.) You say, خُذْ شُرْطَتَكَ Take thou that which thou hast made a condition. (Sgh, K.) A2: Also, and ↓ شُرَطَةٌ, (Mgh,) or شُرَطٌ, (K,) which is the pl. (Mgh, K) of the former, (K,) The choice men of the army: (Mgh:) and such as compose the first portion of the army that is present in the war or fight, (Mgh, K,) and prepare for death; (K;) [the braves of an army;] they are the Sultán's choice men of the army; and the term شُرْطَةٌ is applied in a trad. to a party making it a condition to die, and not return, unless victorious: (TA:) or this appellation, and ↓ شُرَطَةٌ, which is a rare form, are applied to a body of soldiers; and the pl. is شُرَطٌ: and the pl. is applied to the aids (أَعْوَان [here app. meaning guards]) of the Sul-tán: (Msb:) شُرْطَةٌ, also, is applied to a wellknown body of the aids (أَعْوَان [here meaning armed attendants, officers, or soldiers,]) of the prefects [of the police]; (K;) pl. شُرَطٌ: (TA:) the شُرَط, (As, S, Msb,) or the شُرْطَة, (K,) are so called because they assumed to themselves signs, or marks, whereby they might be known (As, S, Msb, K) to the enemies: (Msb:) or the شُرَط are so called because they were prepared: (AO, S:) or as being likened to the شَرَط, or “ refuse,” of goats; because they were low persons: (Msb:) [or, probably, because they were prepared, or exposed, to be slain:] a single person of the شُرَط is called شُرْطَةٌ (S, Msb) and ↓ شُرَطِىٌّ: (S:) or ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ and ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ are applied to a single person of the شُرْطَة: (K:) ↓ شُرْطِىٌّ is a rel. n. from شُرْطَةٌ; and such also is ↓ شُرَطِىٌّ from شُرَطَةٌ; not from شُرَطٌ, because this is a pl. (Mgh.) صَاحِبُ الشُّرْطَةِ signifies The governor, or prefect, (Mgh, Msb,) [of the police, or] of a town, or city, or district, or province; to whom formerly pertained both religious and civil affairs; but now it is not so. (Mgh. [See رِدْفٌ.]) [In later times, this title has been commonly applied to The chief, or prefect, of the police.] b2: Also The best, best part, or choice, of anything; as also ↓ شَرِيطَةٌ: the latter occurring in a trad., as related by Sh; but Az thinks it should be the former word. (TA.) شُرَطَةٌ: see شُرْطَةٌ, in two places.

شَرَطِىٌّ Of, or relating to, [the asterism called] the شَرَطَان and the أَشْرَاط; as also ↓ أَشْرَاطِىٌّ; the latter being formed from the pl., (IB, TA,) because the stars thus called are regarded as composing one thing. (TA.) You say, رَوْضَةٌ

↓ أَشْرَاطِيَّةٌ, meaning [A garden, or meadow, &c.,] rained upon by the نَوْء [q. v.] of the شَرَطَان. (S. TA.) In the A we find ↓ نَوْءٌ شِرَاطِىٌّ: but probably it should be شَرَطِىٌّ. (TA.) شُرْطِىٌّ and شُرَطِىٌّ: see شُرْطَةٌ, in five places.

شَرِيطٌ A rope, or cord, of twisted palm-leaves: (S, Msb:) and threads of wool and of fibres of the palm-tree [twisted together]: (TA:) or palmleaves twisted together, with which is woven (يُشْرَطُ, as in the K, or, as in the O, accord. to the TA, يُشْرَحُ, [app. a mistake for يُشْرَجُ,]) a couch, or bier, [app. meaning the part thereof upon which a man or corpse lies,] and the like: (O, K:) so called because its palm-leaves are split, and then twisted together: if of fibres of the palm-tree, it is called دِسَارٌ: (TA:) or a wide rope [or flat plait] woven of fibres or leaves of the palm-tree: (Mgh in art. قمط:) or a rope of any kind: pl. شَرَائِطُ and شُرُطٌ. (TA.) Also Threads of silk, or of silk and of gold, twisted together [or woven, so as to form a kind of flat lace, like tape]: so called as being likened to the threads of wool and of fibres of the palm-tree [twisted together]. (TA.) b2: Also The [sort of basket, or small box, called] عَتِيدَة in which a woman puts her perfumes (IAar, O, K) and her utensils or apparatus. (IAar, O.) and The [sort of receptacle called] عَيْبَة [q. v.]. (IAar, O.) شَرِيطَةٌ: see شَرْطٌ: b2: and see also شُرْطَةٌ, last sentence.

A2: Also A she-camel having her ear slit: (K, TA:) of the measure فَعِيلَةٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (TA.) b2: And A sheep or goat having a slight scar made upon its throat, like the scarification of the cupper, without the severing of the [veins called] أَوْدَاج, and without making the blood to flow copiously: thus they used to do in the Time of Ignorance, cutting a little of the animal's throat, (K, TA,) and then leaving it to die; (TA;) and they considered it a lawful mode of slaughtering it; but the eating of such an animal is forbidden in a trad.: (K, TA:) or one scarified on account of some disease; and when such died, they said that they had slaughtered it. (TA.) شِرَاطِىٌّ: see شَرَطِىٌّ.

شِرْوَاطٌ, applied to a man, Tall: (O, K:) and, applied to a camel, (Ibn-'Abbád, O,) or to a hecamel, (Kudot;,) swift: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or it is applied in the former sense to a man, and is also applied to a camel, male and female alike, ('Eyn, S,) as meaning tall and slender: ('Eyn:) or it means tall, spare of flesh, slender; applied to a man and to a camel, and to the female likewise, without ة. (L.) الغَنَمُ أَشْرَطُ المَالِ Sheep, or goats, are the vilest sort of beasts that one possesses: an instance of a noun of superiority without a verb; which is extr.: (K, TA:) this is from the “ Isláh el-Alfádh ” of ISk: but in some of the copies of that work, we find أَشْرَاط in the place of أَشْرَط. (ISd, TA.) See شَرَطٌ.

أَشْرَاطِىٌّ: fem. with ة: see شَرَطِىٌّ, in two places.

مِشْرَطٌ A lancet (S, K, TA) with which the cupper scarifies; (TA;) as also ↓ مِشْرَاطٌ. (S, K, TA.) مِشْرَاطٌ: [pl. مَشَارِيطُ:] see مِشْرَطٌ: A2: and see شَرَطٌ, in two places.

A3: أَخَذَ لِلْأَمْرِ مَشَارِيطَهُ He took his apparatus, [or prepared himself,] for the thing, or affair. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.)

شرق

1 شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, M, Msb,) inf. n. شُرُوقٌ (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K) and شَرْقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sun rose; (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K;) as also ↓ أَشْرَقَت: (K:) the sun rose from the east; and in like manner one says of the moon, and of the stars: (M:) or the sun rose so that its light began to fall upon the earth and trees: (T and TA in art. ذر:) and ↓ اشرقت signifies, as distinguished from شَرَقَت, (S, M, Mgh, Msb,) or signifies also, (K, TA,) for both verbs are correctly expl. in the K as above, (TA,) it shone, or gave its light, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, TA,) and spread (M, TA) upon the earth, or ground: (TA:) or, as some say, شَرَقَت, and ↓ اشرقت are syn., (M, Msb,) as meaning it (the sun) shone: (M:) and شَرْقٌ [as inf. n. of the former verb] signifies the shining of the sun. (K.) b2: And شَرَقَ النَّخْلُ, and ↓ اشرق, The palm-trees showed redness in their fruit: (M, K: *) or showed the colours of their dates. (AHn, M.) [See also شَرِقَ in what follows.]

A2: شَرَقَ الشَّاةَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, He slit the ear of the sheep, or goat, (S, O, Msb, K,) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb.) b2: And شَرَقَ الثَّمَرَةَ, (Az, K,) inf. n. شَرْقٌ, (IAmb, Az, TA,) He plucked the fruit: (Az, K, TA:) or cut it. (IAmb, Az, TA.) One says in crying بَاقِلَّآء [or beans], شَرْقُ الغَدَاةِ طَرِىٌّ The cutting of the morning, fresh! meaning what has been cut, and picked, in the morning. (IAmb, Az, TA.) A3: شَرِقَ, [aor. ـَ inf. n. شَرَقٌ, It (a place) was, or became, bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ اشرق; (M, TA;) [whence,] الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا ↓ وَأَشْرَقَتِ occurs in the Kur [xxxix. 69 as meaning And the earth shall shine with the light of its Lord]: (M:) [in other instances,] أَشْرَقَتِ الأَرْضُ means The earth was, or became, bright with the sunshine. (TA.) b2: [Hence, perhaps, or, though not immediately, from what here next follows, some other applications of this verb, to denote redness.] b3: شَرِقَ بِرِيقِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) and بِالمَآءِ, and the like, (M,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) He (a man, M, Msb) was, or became, choked with his spittle, (S, M, Msb, K,) and with water, &c. (M.) [And جَرِضَ and غَصَّ and شَجِىَ are sometimes used in the same sense in relation to spittle &c.] b4: [Hence,] شَرِقَ الجُرْحُ بِالدَّمِ (assumed tropical:) The wound became [choked or] filled with blood. (Msb.) b5: And شَرِقَ المَوْضِعُ بِأَهْلِهِ (tropical:) The place became [choked or] filled and straitened by its occupants. (TA.) b6: And شَرِقَ الجَسَدُ بِالطِّيبِ (tropical:) [The body became choked in its pores with perfume]. (TA.) b7: [And شَرِقَ الثَّوْبُ بِالجَادِىِّ (assumed tropical:) The garment, or piece of cloth, became glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see the part. n. شَرِقٌ.] b8: and شَرِقَتْ عَيْنُهُ (tropical:) His eye became red [being surcharged with blood]; as also ↓ اِشْرَوْرَقَتٌ: (M, TA:) and so شَرِقَ الدَّمُ فِى عَيْنِهِ: (K, TA:) or this last signifies the blood appeared in his eye: (M:) and شَرِقَتْ بِالدَّمِ it (the eye) had the blood apparent in it, [as though it were choked therewith,] without its running from it. (TA.) b9: And شَرِقَ لَوْنُهُ, inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (assumed tropical:) His colour, or complexion, became red, by reason of shame, or shame and confusion. (TA.) b10: And [hence, app.,] شَرِقَ الشَّىْءُ, inf. n. as above, (assumed tropical:) The thing became intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M, TA.) b11: and also (assumed tropical:) The thing became mixed, commingled, or blended. (M, TA.) b12: شَرِقَتِ الشَّمْسُ, inf. n. as above, means (tropical:) The sun had a duskiness blended with it, and it [app. the duskiness] then became little: (TA:) or it was near to setting: (M, K:) or became feeble in its light; (O, K;) app. from شَرِقٌ applied to flesh-meat as meaning “ red, having no grease, or gravy,” and applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, as meaning “ red, that has become glutted, or saturated, (شَرِقَ,) with dye; ”

because its colour, in the last part of the day, when it is setting, becomes red. (O.) b13: The phrase يُؤَخِّرُونَ الصَّلَاةَ إِلَى شَرَقِ المَوْتَى, (S, M, O, K, [in the CK, erroneously, شَرْقِ,]) occurring in a trad., (S, M, O,) in a saying of the Prophet, (O, K,) is expl. as meaning Who postpone, or defer, the prayer until there remains not, (S, M, O, K,) of the sun, (S,) or of the day, (M, O, K,) save as much as remains (S, M, O, K) of the life, (S,) or of the breath, (M, O, K, [but in the CK, نَفْسِ is put in the place of نَفَسِ,]) of the dying who is choked with his spittle: (S, M, O, K:) or the meaning is, until the sun is [but just] above the walls, and [diffusing its feeble light] among the graves (M, O, K *) as though it were a great expanse of water. (M, O.) Az says, يُكْرَهُ الصَّلَاةُ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى means Prayer is disapproved when the sun becomes yellow: and فَعَلْتُ ذٰلِكَ بِشَرَقِ المَوْتَى I did that when the sun was becoming yellow. (TA.) A4: شَرِقَتِ الشَّاةُ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. شَرَقٌ, (S, Msb,) The sheep, or goat, had its ear slit (S, Msb, K) in the manner expl. voce شَرْقَآءُ. (Msb, K.) 2 شرّق, (TA,) inf. n. تَشْرِيقٌ, (S, O, K,) He took to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: (S, O, K, TA:) he went to the east: he came to the east: (M, TA:) and he directed himself to the east. (TA.) b2: And He prayed at sunrise: and hence, app., He performed the prayer of the festival of the sacrifice: (TA:) or this meaning is from شَرَقَتِ الشَّمْسُ. (Mgh: it is also mentioned in the M.) b3: شرّقت الأَرْضُ, inf. n. as above, The land became affected with drought, and dryness of the earth, being [parched by the sun and] not reached by water: whence the term ↓ شَرَاقِىّ [q. v.] in the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) b4: تَشْرِيقٌ also signifies The being beautiful, and [sunny or] shining in face. (Sh, O, K.) A2: شرّق اللَّحْمَ, (M, Mgh, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) He cut the flesh-meat into strips, and dried it in the sun, or spread it in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or [simply] he cut it into pieces, and into strips. (Msb.) [In like manner also] تَشْرِيقُ الشَّعِيرِ signifies The throwing barley in a sunny place in order that it may dry. (Mgh.) And one says of the [wild] bull, يُشَرِّقُ مَتْنَهُ, meaning He exposes his back to the sun in order that what is upon it of the dew of night may dry: in this sense the phrase is used by Aboo-Dhu-eyb. (M.) b2: أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ is an appellation of The three days next after the day of sacrifice: (S, M, O, Msb:) [i. e. the eleventh and twelfth and thirteenth days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] these days were so called because the flesh of the victims was therein cut into strips, and dried in the sun, or spread in the sun to dry: (S, M, Mgh, O, Msb, K: *) or because the victims were not sacrificed until the sun rose: (IAar, S, O, K:) or from the prayer of the day of sacrifice, which they follow: (Mgh:) or because they used to say, [on that day,] (S, M, O,) in the Time of Ignorance, (M,) ثَبِيرْ كَيْمَا نُغِيرْ ↓ أَشْرِقْ, (S, M, O,) which means Enter thou upon the time of sunrise, Thebeer, (addressing one of the mountains of Mekkeh, M, * Mgh,) that we may push, or press, on, or forward, (M, Mgh, Msb,) to return from Minè: (M: [see also 4 in art. غور:]) Aboo-Haneefeh used to hold that التَّشْرِيق means التَّكْبِير [i. e. the saying اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرْ]; but none beside him has held this opinion. (TA.) It is said in a trad. that the days thus called are days of eating and drinking, and of celebrating the praises of God. (O.) b3: شرّق الثَّوْبَ (assumed tropical:) He made [or dyed] the garment, or piece of cloth, yellow: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) [or he dyed it red: (see the pass. part. n., below:)] or تَشْرِيقٌ signifies the dyeing with saffron, (M, L,) so that the thing dyed is saturated, (L,) or not so that the thing is saturated: (so in a copy of the M:) it is not with safflower. (M, L. [See also 4, last signification.]) A3: شرّق الَحْوَض is sometimes said for صَرَّجَهُ, meaning He plastered the watering-trough, or tank, with شَارُوق [q. v.], or صَارُوج. (M in art. صرج.) 4 اشرق: see 1, in six places. One says also, اشرق وَجْهُهُ, (S,) and لَوْنُهُ, (M,) His face, (S,) and his colour, or complexion, (M,) shone, (S, M,) and was bright, with beauty. (S.) b2: Some allow its being made trans.; [meaning It caused, or made, to shine;] as in the saying, ثَلَاثَةٌ تُشْرَقُ الدُّنْيَا بِبَهْجَتِهَا شَمْسُ الضُّحَى وَأَبُو إِسْحَاقَ والقَمَرُ [There are three things, with the beauty of which the world is made to shine; the sun of the bright early morning, and Aboo-Is-hák, and the moon]: but there is no proof in this, because [the right reading may be تُشْرِقُ, and so] الدنيا may be an agent; therefore the making the verb trans. [in this sense] is said to be post-classical, though it is mentioned by the author of the Ksh. (MF, TA.) b3: It signifies also He entered upon the time of sunrise: (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K:) similarly to أَفْجَرَ, and أَصْبَحَ, and أَظْهَرَ. (TA.) See 2.

A2: اشرق عَدُوَّهُ He caused his enemy to become choked [with his spittle, or with water, or the like: see 1]. (O, K.) And أَشْرَقْتُ فُلَانًا بِرِيقِهِ (tropical:) [I choked the utterance, or impeded the action, of such a one;] I did not allow such a one to say, or to do, a thing. (Z, TA.) b2: اشرق الثَّوْبَ بِالصِّبْغِ, (Moheet, A, O,) or فِى الصِّبْغِ, (K,) (tropical:) He exceeded the usual degree in dyeing the garment, or piece of cloth; [saturated it with dye;] or dyed it thoroughly. (K, TA. [See also 2, last signification but one.]) 5 تشرّق He sat in a sunny place (S, O, K) [at any season, (see مَشْرُقَةٌ,) or particularly] in winter. (O, K.) b2: And تشرّقوا They looked through the مِشْرِيق of the door, i. e. the chink thereof into which the light of the rising sun falls. (O.) 7 انشرقت القَوْسُ The bow split. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) 12 اِشْرَوْرَقَتْ عَيْنُهُ: see 1, latter half. b2: اِشْرَوْرَقَ بِالدَّمْعِ (tropical:) He became drowned in tears. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, TA.) شَرْقٌ [an inf. n.: see 1, first sentence. b2: Also] The sun; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ: (K, and thus in one of my copies of the S in the place of the former:) [or] ↓ شَرْقَةٌ has this signification: (M, Msb:) and شَرْقٌ signifies the rising sun; (M, TA;) as some say; (M;) thus accord. to AA and IAar; (TA;) and so ↓ شَرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ, and ↓ شَرِقَةٌ, (M, K,) and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ, (TA,) and ↓ شَارِقٌ, (S, * M, K,) and ↓ شَرِيقٌ: (M, K:) one says, طَلَعَتِ الشَّرْقُ The sun rose; (S, M, O; in one of my copies of the S ↓ الشَّرَقُ;) but not غَرَبَتِ الشَّرْقُ: (M:) and ↓ آتِيكَ كُلَّ شَارِقٍ I will come to thee every day that the sun rises: or, as some say, شَارِقٌ signifies the upper limb (قَرْن) of the sun: (M:) and one says, لَا آتِيكَ مَا ذَرَّ شَارِقٌ [I will not come to thee as long as a sun, or the upper limb of a sun, rises, or begins to rise]. (S, M.) b3: See also مَشْرِقٌ, in three places. b4: Also A place where the sun shines (حَيْثُ تُشْرِقُ الشَّمْسُ). (K.) See مَشْرُقَةٌ. b5: The warmth of the sun. (TA.) b6: The light that enters from the chink of a door; (IAar, Th, K;) as also ↓ شِرْقٌ. (K.) In a trad. of I'Ab, (TA,) it is said of a gate in Heaven, called ↓ المِشْرِيقُ [q. v.], قَدْ رُدَّ حَتَّى مَا بَقِىَ إِلَّا شَرْقُهُ (O, K, TA) i. e. It had been closed so that there remained not save its light entering from the chink thereof: so says I'Ab. (O, TA.) b7: And A chink, or fissure. (K, TA.) One says, مَا دَخَلَ شَرْقَ فَمِى شَىْءٌ Nothing entered the chink of my mouth. (Z, TA.) A2: Also A certain bird, (Sh, M, K,) one of the birds of prey, (M,) between the kite and the hawk, or falcon, (Sh, K,) or between the kite and the [species of falcon called] شَاهِين [q. v.]: (O:) pl. شُرُوقٌ. (M.) شِرْقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شَرَقٌ [inf. n. of شَرِقَ, q. v. b2: And also a subst.]: see شَرْقٌ, in three places. b3: Also A thing [such as spittle and the like (see شَرِقَ)] obstructing, or choking, the throat, or fauces. (S, and Har p.

477.) شَرِقٌ A place bright by reason of the sun's shining upon it; as also ↓ مُشْرِقٌ. (M, TA.) b2: A man choked with his spittle, or with water, or the like. (M, TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A plant, or herbage, having plentiful irrigation; or flourishing and fresh, or juicy, by reason of plentiful irrigation; syn. رَيَّانُ. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, red; that is glutted, or saturated, [so I render اَلَّذِى شَرِقَ,] with dye: (O:) and شَرِقٌ بِالجَادِىِّ applied to a garment, or piece of cloth, [app. signifies (assumed tropical:) glutted, or saturated, with the dye of saffron: see also مُشَرَّقٌ, and see 4.] (TA.) One says also صَرِيعٌ شَرِقٌ بِدَمِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Prostrated,] dyed with his blood. (M, TA.) b5: (tropical:) Flesh-meat (S, M, O, TA) that is red, (M, O, TA,) having no grease, or gravy. (S, M, O, TA.) b6: (assumed tropical:) A thing intensely red, with blood, or with a beautiful red colour. (M.) b7: And (assumed tropical:) A thing mixed, commingled, or blended. (M.) شَرْقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ, in two places.

شُرْقَةٌ (assumed tropical:) Anxiety, grief, or anguish; syn. in Pers\.

أَنْدُوهْ. (KL.) شَرَقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ: b2: and see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A brand with which a sheep, or goat, such as is termed شَرْقَآء, is marked. (O, K.) شَرِقَةٌ: see شَرْقٌ.

شَاةٌ شَرْقَآءُ A sheep, or goat, having its ear slit (S, Mgh, O, K) lengthwise, (K,) without its being separated: (TA:) or having the ear slit in two, (As, Msb, TA,) as though it were a زَنَمَة [q. v.]: (As, TA:) or شَرْقَآءُ applied to an ear signifies cut at its extremities, without having anything thereof separated: and applied to a she-goat (مَعْزَة), having its ear slit lengthwise, without its being separated: and, as some say, applied to a شاة, having the inner part of its ear slit on one side with a separating slitting, the middle of its ear being left sound: or, accord. to Aboo-'Alee in the “ Tedhkireh,” شَرْقَآءُ signifies having its ears slit with two slits passing through, so as to become three distinct pieces. (M.) شَرْقِىٌّ [Of, or relating to, the east, or place of sunrise; eastern, or oriental]. b2: لَا شَرْقِيَّةِ وَلَا غَرْبِيَّةٍ, (K, TA,) in the Kur [xxiv. 35], (TA,) meansNot such that the sun shines upon it at its rising only (Fr, K, TA) nor at its setting only, (Fr, TA,) but such that the sun lights upon it morning and evening: (Fr, K, TA:) or, accord. to El-Hasan, it means not of the trees of the people of the present world, but of the trees of the people of Paradise: Az, however, says that the former explanation is more fit and more commonly receive. (TA.) And مَكَانٌ شَرْقِىٌّ signifies A place, of the earth, or ground, in, or upon, which the sun rises, or shines. (TA.) See also شَارِقٌ [and شَرِقٌ and مَشْرُقَةٌ].

A2: Also A certain red dye. (TA.) شَرِيقٌ: see شَرْقٌ. b2: Also A boy, or young man, goodly, or beautiful, (K, TA,) in face: (TA:) pl. شُرُقٌ, (K, TA, [in the CK شَرْقٌ, but correctly]) with two dammehs. (TA.) b3: And A woman small in the vulva: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) or having her vagina and rectum united by the rending of the separation between them; syn. مُفْضَاةٌ. (M, K.) b4: And الشَّرِيقُ is the name of A certain idol. (M, TA.) شُرَيْقَة The first part of the rising sun. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.) See also شَارِقٌ, voce شَرْقٌ.]

شَرَاقِىُّ [The lands that are not reached by the water, or inundation, and that are consequently parched by the sun]: a word of the dial. of Egypt. (TA.) See 2.

شَارِقٌ: see شَرْقٌ, in two places. b2: Also The side that is next the east; (O;) the eastern side; (K;) of a hill, and of a mountain: you say, هٰذَا شَارِقُ الجَبَلِ and ↓ شَرْقِيُّهُ [This is the eastern side of the mountain], and هذا غَارِبُ الجَبَلِ and غَرْبِيُّهُ [in the opposite sense]: (TA:) pl. شُرْقٌ. (O, K.) Hence, in a trad., as some relate it, الشُّرْقُ الجُونُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Trials, or conflicts and factions, like portions of the dark night, rising from the direction of the east]: but it is otherwise related, with ف [in the place of the ق: see شَارِفٌ]. (TA.) b3: And الشَّارِقُ is the name of A certain idol, of the Time of Ignorance; (IDrd, M, K;) whence عَبْدُ الشَّارِقِ, a proper name [of a man]. (IDrd, M.) A2: Also [if not a mistranscription for شَارُوقٌ, q. v., app. Clay, or some other substance or mixture, with which a place is plastered,] مَا يُطَيَّنُ بِهِ مَكَانٌ. (Ibn-' Abbád, O.) شَارُوقٌ signifies [The kind of plaster called]

كِلْسٌ, [q. v.,] (Kr, M,) i. q. صَارُوجٌ. (K. [See this last word: and see also the last sentence of the next preceding paragraph above.]) مَشْرَقٌ: see what next follows.

مَشْرِقٌ (S, M, O, Msb, K,) which by rule should be ↓ مَشْرَقٌ, (M, Msb,) but this latter is rarely used, (Msb,) The place, (M,) or quarter, or direction, (Msb,) of sunrise; (M, Msb;) [the east, or orient;] and ↓ شَرْقٌ signifies the same; (S, M, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ: (Seer, M:) the pl. of the first is مَشَارِقُ; and the pl. of ↓ شَرْقٌ is أَشْرَاقٌ. (M.) The dual, المَشْرِقَانِ, means The place of sunrise of summer and that of winter [E. 26 degrees N. and E. 26 degrees S. in Central Arabia]. (S, O, TA.) And also The place of sunrise and the place of sunset; [or the east and the west;] (M, O;) the former being thus made predominant because it denotes existence, whereas the latter denotes non-existence: (M:) thus in the saying, (M, O,) in the Kur [xliii. 37], (O,) يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِى

وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ [O, would that between me and thee were the distance of the east and the west]. (M, O.) And [in like manner] one says ↓ مَا بَيْنَ الشَّرْقَيْنِ, meaning What is between the place of sunrise and the place of sunset. (M.) b2: See also مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: The saying, cited by IAar, قُلْتُ لِسَعْدٍ وَهْوَ بِالأَزْارِقِ عَلَيْكَ بِالمَحْضِ وَبِالمَشَارِقِ

he explains as meaning [I said to Saad, he being at El-Azárik (a certain water in the بَادِيَة, TA in art. زرق)], Keep thou [to pure milk, and] to the sun [or the places of sunshine] in winter: but [ISd says,] in my opinion, المَشَارِق is here pl. of ↓ مُشَرَّقٌ applied to flesh-meat that is “ [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry]; ” and this is confirmed by his saying بالمحض, each of them being food. (M.) مُشْرِقٌ: see شَرِقٌ. b2: Also Entering upon the time of sunrise: the pl. occurs in this sense in the Kur xv. 73 and xxvi. 60. (TA.) مَشْرُقَةٌ and مَشْرَقَةٌ (S, M, O, K) and مَشْرِقَةٌ, (M, O, K,) the last mentioned by Ks, (O,) A place of sitting in the sun; (S, O, K;) accord. to some, peculiarly, (TA,) in the winter; (O, K, TA;) and ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ مِشْرَاقٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ مِشْرِيقٌ (O, K) signify the same: (S, O, K:) or a place upon which the sun shines; accord. to some, peculiarly, in the winter, (M,) as also ↓ شَرْقَةٌ and ↓ شَرَقَةٌ (M, TA) and ↓ شَرْقٌ (M) and مشرق [app. ↓ مَشْرِقٌ, of the pl. of which, or of one of the first three words in this paragraph, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مَشْرِقٌ if the explanation of that verse by IAar be correct]. (TA.) مَشْرِقِىٌّ (Msb, TA) and مَشْرَقِىٌّ both [applied to a man] signify Of the east; or eastern: (Msb:) pl. مَشَارِقَةٌ. (TA.) مُشَرَّقٌ A place of prayer; syn. مُصَلًّى; (As, S, M, Mgh, K;) i. e., in an absolute sense: (TA:) or the place of prayer of the festival (العِيد): (TA:) or the place of prayer of the two festivals: and المُشَرَّقُ is said to mean the place of prayer of the festival at Mekkeh: (M, TA:) and the mosque of El-Kheyf. (S, K.) b2: And The festival (العِيد) [itself]: because the prayer thereon is after the شَرْقَة, i. e. the [rising] sun. (M.) A2: Also Flesh-meat [cut into strips and] spread in the sun [to dry: see its verb, 2]. (M.) See also مَشْرِقٌ, last sentence. b2: And A garment, or piece of cloth, [dyed yellow: or with saffron: see, again, its verb: or] dyed with a red colour. (O, K.) A3: And a fortress [or a watering-trough or tank (see 2, last sentence,)] plastered with شَارُوق. (O, K.) مُشَرِّقٌ Taking to the direction of the east, or place of sunrise: one says, شَتَّانَ بَيْنَ مُشَرِّقٍ

وَمُغَرِّبٍ [Different, or widely different, are one going towards the east and one going towards the west]. (S.) مِشْرَاقٌ: see مَشْرُقَةٌ.

A2: Also A man accustomed to make his enemy to be choked with his spittle. (Z, TA.) مِشْرِيقٌ: see مَشْرِقٌ: b2: and مَشْرُقَةٌ. b3: Also, (M, O, K,) of a door, (M, K,) A chink into which the light of the rising sun falls. (M, * O, K. *) b4: And المِشْرِيقُ is the name of A gate for repentance, in Heaven. (I'Ab, O, K.) See شَرْقٌ.