عرف

1 عَرَفَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـِ (O, K,) inf. n. مَعْرِفَةٌ (S, O, K) and عِرْفَانٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِرِفَّانٌ (K) and عِرْفَةٌ, (Msb, K,) or مَعْرِفَةٌ is a simple subst., (Msb,) He knew it; he had cognition of it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَلِمَهُ: (K:) or he knew it (عَلِمَهُ) by means of any of the five senses; (Msb;) [and also, by mental perception:] Er-Rághib says, المَعْرِفَةُ is the perceiving a thing by reflection, and by consideration of the effect thereof [upon the mind or sense], so that it has a more special meaning than العِلْمُ, and its contr. is الإِنْكَارُ; and one says, فُلَانٌ يَعْرِفُ اللّٰهَ وَرَسُولَهُ [Such a one knows God and his apostle], but one does not say يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهَ, making the verb [thus] to have a single objective complement, since man's مَعْرِفَة [or knowledge] of God is [the result of] the consideration of his effects, without the perception of his essence; and one says, اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُ كَذَا, but not يَعْرِفُ كذا, since المَعْرِفَةُ is used in relation to عِلْم [or knowledge] which is defective, to which one attains by reflection: it is from عَرَفْتُهُ meaning I found, or experienced, its عَرْف i. e. odour; or as meaning I attained its عُرْف i. e. limit: (TA:) it is said in the B that المَعْرِفَةُ differs from العِلْمُ, in meaning, in several ways: the former concerns the thing itself [which is its object;] whereas the latter concerns the states, or conditions, or qualities, thereof: also the former generally denotes the perceiving a thing as a thing that has been absent from the mind, thus differing from the latter; therefore the contr. of the former is الإِنْكَارُ, and the contr. of the latter is الجَهْلُ; and the former is the knowing a thing itself as distinguished from other things; whereas the latter concerns a thing collectively with other things: (TA in art. علم:) and sometimes they put ↓ اعترف in the place of عَرَفَ; (S, O;) [i. e.] اعترف الشَّىْءَ signifies عَرَفَهُ: (Mgh, K:) and so, sometimes, does ↓ استعرفُه. (Har p. 486.) b2: And عَرَفَ is also used in the place of اعترف [in the first of the senses assigned to the latter below]. (S, O.) See the latter verb, in four places. b3: عَرَفَهُ also signifies He requited him. (O, K.) Ks read, (O, K,) and so five others, (Az, TA,) in the Kur [lxvi. 3], (O,) عَرَفَ بَعْضَهُ, meaning He requited her, namely, Hafsah, for part [thereof, i. e.] of what she had done: (Fr, O, K:) and he did so indeed by divorcing her: (Fr, TA:) or it means he acknowledged part thereof: (K:) but others read بَعْضَهُ ↓ عَرَّفَ, which, likewise, has the former of the two meanings expl. above: (Bd:) or this means he told Hafsah part thereof. (Fr, O, Bd, * TA. [See also 2.]) As first expl. above, this phrase is like the saying to him who does good or who does evil, أَنَا أَعْرِفُ لأَهْلِ الإِحْسَانِ وَأَعْرِفُ لِأَهْلِ الإِسَآءَةِ, (O,) or لِلْمُحْسِنِ وَالمُسِىْءِ, (K,) [I know how to requite the doer of good and the doer of evil,] i. e. the case of the doer of good and that of the doer of evil are not hidden from me nor is the suitable requital of him. (O, K.) لَأَعْرِفَنَّكَهَا عَنْدَ رَسُولِ اللّٰهِ occurs in a trad., meaning I will assuredly requite thee for it in the presence of the Apostle of God so that he shall know thy evil-doing: and is used in threatening. (TA.) A2: عَرَفَ الفَرَسَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (O,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (O, K,) He clipped the عُرْف [i. e. mane] of the horse. (S, O, K.) A3: عَرَفْتُ عَلَى القَوْمِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, I was, or became, عَرِيف over the people, or party; i. e., manager, or orderer, of their affairs; as also عَرُفْتُ عَلَيْهِمْ: (Msb:) or عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَاعَةٌ, signifies he was, or became, an عَرِيف; (S, O, K;) as also عَرَفَ, aor. ـِ (K;) i. e., a نَقِيب: (S, O:) and when you mean that he acted as an عَرِيف, you say, عَرَفَ عَلَيْنَا سِنِينَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عِرَافَةٌ, [he acted over us as an عريف during some years,] like كَتَبَ, aor. ـْ inf. n. كِتَابَةٌ. (S, O, K. *) A4: عَرَفَ لِلْأَمْرِ, aor. ـِ He was patient in relation to the affair, or event; (K;) as also ↓ اعترف, (O, K,) as some say. (O.) And عُرِفَ عِنْدَ المُصِيبَةِ He was patient on the occasion of the affliction, or misfortune. (TA.) b2: And عَرَفَ He was, or became, submissive, or tractable; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA;) and so ↓ اعترف, (IAar, O, K,) said of a man, (IAar, O,) and of a beast that one rides. (O.) A5: عَرُفَ, inf. n. عَرَافَةٌ, He (a man) was, or became, pleasant, or sweet, in his odour. (TA.) And ↓ اعرف, said of food, It was sweet in its عَرْف, i. e. odour. (TA.) b2: عَرِفَ He (a man, TA) made much use of perfume. (IAar, O, K.) b3: And He relinquished, or abstained from, perfume. (IAar, O.) A6: عُرِفَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَرْفٌ, (K, TA,) accord. to one or more of the copies of the K عِرْفَانٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, O) had a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S, O, K.) 2 تَعْرِيفٌ signifies The making to know; syn. إِعْلَامٌ: (S, O, K, TA:) [or rather it has a more restricted signification than the latter word, as is indicated in the preceding paragraph:] and in this sense its verb may have two objective complements: one says, عرّفهُ الأَمْرَ He made him to know the affair, or case; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ إِيَّاهُ: [or he acquainted him with it; or told him of it:] and عرّفهُ بَيْتَهُ He made him to know, or acquainted him with, the place of his house, or tent; syn. أَعْلَمَهُ بِمَكَانِهِ: (TA:) [and] one says عَرَّفْتُهُ بِهِ, meaning I made him to know it by means of any of the five senses [or by mental perception; as also عَرَّفْتُهُ إِيَّاهُ]. (Msb.) See also 1, former half. And see 4. b2: Also The making known; contr. of تَنْكِيرٌ. (O, K.) عَرَّفَ بَعْضَهُ, in the Kur [lxvi. 3], has been expl. as meaning He made known part thereof. (TA. [For other explanations, see 1.]) And عَرَّفْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ means I made him known by the name of Zeyd; like the phrase سَمَّيْتُهُ بِزَيْدٍ. (Sb, TA.) b3: [Hence, The explaining a term: and an explanation thereof: thus used, its pl. is تَعْرِيفَاتٌ: it has a less restricted meaning than حَدٌّ, which signifies the “ defining,” and “ a definition. ” b4: And The making a noun, or a nominal proposition, determinate. b5: Hence also,] The crying a stray-beast, or a beast or some other thing that has been lost; (S, TA;) the mentioning it [and describing it] and seeking to find him who had knowledge of it. (TA.) b6: And [hence likewise,] عرّفهُ بِذَنْبِهِ He branded him, or stigmatized him, with his misdeed. (TA.) A2: Also The rendering [a thing] fragrant; (S, O, * K, * TA;) from العَرْفُ: (S:) and the adorning [it], decorating [it], or embellishing [it]. (TA.) عَرَّفَهَا لَهُمْ, in the Kur [xlvii. 7], is said to mean He hath rendered it fragrant [i. e. Paradise (الجَنَّة)] for them: (S, O:) or it means He hath described it to them so that, when they enter it, they shall know it by that description, or so that they shall know their places of abode therein: (O:) or He hath described it to them, and made them desirous of it: (Er-Rághib, TA:) [and the like is said by Bd:] or He hath defined it for them so that there shall be for every one a distinct paradise. (Bd.) b2: One says also, عرّف رَأْسَهُ بِالدُّهْنِ He moistened the hair of his head abundantly with oil, or with the oil; syn. رَوَّاهُ. (TA.) b3: And عرّف طَعَامَهُ He made his food to have much seasoning, or condiment. (TA.) A3: Also The halting [of the pilgrims] at 'Arafát. (S, O, K.) You say, عرّفوا, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) inf. n. as above, They halted at 'Arafát; (Mgh, Msb;) or they were present at 'Arafát; (S, O.) And [hence], in a postclassical sense, They imitated the people of 'Arafát, in some other place, by going forth to the desert and there praying, and humbling themselves, or offering earnest supplication; (Mgh;) or by assembling in their mosques to pray and to beg forgiveness: (Har p. 672:) the first who did this was Ibn-'Abbás, at El-Basrah. (Mgh, and Har ubi suprá.) And عرّف بِالهَدْىِ He brought the animal for sacrifice to 'Arafát. (Mgh.) A4: عرّف الشَّرَّ بَيْنَهُمْ He excited evil, or mischief, between them, or among them: the verb in this phrase being formed by permutation from أَ َّ ثَ. (Yaakoob, TA.) 4 اعرف فُلَانًا He told such a one of his misdeed, then forgave him; and so ↓ عرّفهُ. (TA.) A2: اعرف (said of a horse, S, O) He had a long عُرْف [or mane]. (S, O, K.) A3: See also 1, near the end.5 تعرّف It was, or became, known. (Har p. 6.) b2: And تعرّف إِلَيْهِ He made himself known to him; (TA;) [and so ↓ استعرف; for] you say, أَتَيْتُ مُتَنَكِّرًا ثُمَّ اسْتَعْرَفْتُ i. e. [I came disguising myself, or assuming an unknown appearance, then] I made known who I was: (L:) and اِئْتِ فُلَانًا فَاسْتَعْرِفْ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَعْرِفَكَ [Come thou to such a one and make thyself known to him, that he may know thee]. (S, O, K. *) [See also 8.] b3: [Hence,] one says, تعرّف إِلَى اللّٰهِ بِالعِبَادَاتِ وَالأَدْعِيَةِ [He made himself known to God by religious services and prayers]. (Er-Rághib, TA.) And تَعَرَّفْ إِلَى

اللّٰهِ فِى الرَّخَآءِ يَعْرِفْكَ فِى الشِّدَّةَ, occurring in a saying of the Prophet to Ibn-'Abbás, [may be rendered Make thyself known to God by obedience in ampleness of circumstances, then He will acknowledge thee in straitness: or] means render thou obedience to God [&c., then] He will requite thee [&c.]. (O.) A2: تعرّفهُ [He acquainted himself, or made himself acquainted, with it, or him; informed himself of it; learned it; and discovered it: often used in these senses: for an instance of the last, see تَفَرَّسَ: it is similar to تَعَلَّمَهُ, but more restricted in meaning. b2: And] He sought the knowledge of it: (Har p. 6:) [or he did so leisurely, or repeatedly, and effectually:] you say, تَعَرَّفْتُ مَا عِنْدَ فُلَانٍ I sought leisurely, or repeatedly, after the knowledge of what such a one possessed until I knew it. (S, O, K. *) b3: And تعرّفهُ المَكَانَ, and فِى المَكَانِ, He looked at it, endeavouring to obtain a clear knowledge thereof, in the place; syn. تَأَمَّلَهُ بِهِ. (TA.) A3: [تَعَرُّفٌ is also expl. in the KL by the Pers\. words بعرف كارى كردن, app. meaning The acting with عُرْف i. e. goodness, &c.: but Golius has hence rendered the verb “ convenienter opus fecit. ”]6 تعارفوا They knew, or were acquainted with, one another. (S, O, K.) b2: And i. q. تَفَاخَرُوا [i. e. They vied, competed, or contended for superiority, in glorying, or boasting, or in glory, &c.; or simply they vied, one with another]: it occurs in a trad., or, as some relate it, with ز; and both are expl. as having this meaning. (TA.) 8 اعترف بِهِ He acknowledged it, or confessed it, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) namely, a misdeed, (S, O,) or a thing; (Mgh, Msb;) and so به ↓ عَرَفَ and لَهُ, namely, his misdeed [&c.]; (K;) [for] sometimes they put عَرَفَ in the place of اعترف; (O;) and so ↓ عَرَفَهُ: (Ksh and Bd and Jel in xvi. 85:) [الإِحْسَانِ ↓ عِرْفَانُ (occurring in the K voce شُكْرٌ &c.) means The acknowledgment, or confession, of beneficence; thankfulness, or gratitude:] and one says, لأَِحَدٍ يَصْرَعُنِى ↓ مَا أَعْرِفُ (S, O, TA) i. e. ما أَعْتَرِفُ, (S, O,) meaning I do not acknowledge [any one that will throw me down]: this was said by an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b2: اعترف إِلَىَّ He acquainted me with his name and condition. (K.) And اعترف لَهُ He described himself to him in such a manner as that he would certify himself of him thereby. (TA.) [See also 5.]

b3: اعترف also signifies He described a thing that had been picked up, and a stray-beast, in such a manner as that he would be known to be its owner. (TA.) b4: And you say, اِعْتَرَفْتُ القَوْمَ, (S, O,) or فُلَانًا, (K,) I asked the people, or party, (S, O,) or such a one, (K,) respecting a subject of information, in order that I might know it. (S, O, K.) b5: See also 1, former half.

A2: And see 1, last quarter, in two places.10 استعرف [He sought, or desired, knowledge; or asked if any had knowledge; of a person or thing: a meaning clearly shown in the M by an explanation of a verse cited in art. بلو, conj. 8, q. v.]. b2: استعرف إِلَيْهِ: see 5. Also He mentioned his relationship, lineage, or genealogy, to him. (TA.) b3: استعرفهُ: see 1, former half.12 اِعْرَوْرَفَ He (a horse, TA) had a mane (عُرْف). (S, O, TA.) b2: اعرورف الفَرَسَ He (a man, O) mounted upon the mane (عُرْف) of the horse. (O, K. [In the CK, والفَرَسُ عَلا عُرْفُهُ is erroneously put for وَالفَرَسَ عَلَا عَلَى عُرْفِهِ.]) b3: And اعرورف (said of a man, K) (assumed tropical:) He rose upon the أَعْرَاف [pl. of عُرْفٌ, and app. here meaning the wall between Paradise and Hell: (see the Kur vii. 44:) probably used in this sense in a trad.]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) b4: Said of the sea, (tropical:) Its waves became high, (S, O, K, TA,) like the عُرْف [or mane]: and in like manner said of the torrent, (tropical:) It became heapy and high. (TA.) b5: Said of blood, (assumed tropical:) It had froth (O, K) like the عُرْف [or mane]. (O.) b6: Said of palm-trees (نَخْل), (tropical:) They became dense, and luxuriant, or abundant, or thickly intermixed, like the عُرْف [or mane] of the hyena. (O, K, TA.) b7: And, said of a man, (tropical:) He prepared himself for evil, or mischief, (S, O, K, TA,) and raised his head, or stretched forth his neck, for that purpose. (TA.) [See also 12 in art. عزف.]

عَرْفٌ An odour, whether fragrant or fetid, (S, O, K, TA,) in most instances the former, (K, TA,) as when it is used in relation to Paradise: (TA:) and ↓ عَرْفَةٌ signifies [the same, i. e.] رِيحٌ (K, TK) and رَائِحَةٌ. (TK.) One says, ما أَطْيَبَ عَرْفَهُ [How fragrant is its odour!]. (S, O.) and لَا يَعْجِزُ مَسْكُ السَّوْءِ عَنْ عَرْفِ السَّوْءِ [The bad hide will not lack the fetid odour]; (S, O, K;) a prov.; (S, O;) applied to the low, ignoble, mean, or sordid, who will not cease from his evil doing; he being likened to the hide that is not fit for being tanned; (O, K;) wherefore it is cast aside, and becomes fetid. (O.) And some read, in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عَرْفًا, [as meaning By the winds that are sent forth with fragrance,] instead of عُرْفًا. (TA.) A2: Also A certain plant: or the ثُمَام [or panic grass]: (K:) or a certain plant, not of the [kind called] حَمْض, nor of the [kind called] عِضَاه; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K;) of the [kind called] ثُمَام. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L.) عُرْفٌ [Acknowledgment, or confession;] a subst. from الاِعْتِرَافُ, (S, O, K, TA,) as meaning الإِقْرَارُ. (TA.) Hence, (S, O,) you say, (K,) لَهُ عَلَىَّ أَلْفٌ عُرْفًا, meaning اِعْتِرَافًا [i. e. A thousand is due to him on my part by acknowlegment, or confession]; (S, O, * K;) the last word being a corroborative. (S, O.) b2: Also i. q. ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَارِفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) of which the pl. is عَوَارِفُ; (O, K;) عُرْفٌ being contr. of نُكْرٌ, (S, O, K,) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ being contr. of مُنْكَرٌ [as syn. with نُكْرٌ]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) i. e. Goodness, or a good quality or action; and gentleness, or lenity; and beneficence, [favour, kindness, or bounty,] or a benefit, a benefaction, or an act of beneficence [or favour or kindness]: (Msb:) عُرْفٌ is also expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty; (K, TA;) and so ↓ عُرُفٌ, which is a dial. var. thereof: (TA:) and a thing liberally, or freely, bestowed; or given: (K:) and ↓ مَعْرُوفٌ is expl. as signifying liberality, or bounty, when it is with moderation, or with a right and just aim: [and sometimes it means simply moderation:] and sincere, or honest, advice or counsel or action: and good fellowship with one's family and with others of mankind: it is an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates: (TA:) and signifies any action, or deed, of which the goodness is known by reason and by the law; and مُنْكَرٌ signifies the contr. thereof. (Er-Rághib, TA.) It is said in the Kur [vii. 198], وَأْمُرْ بِالْعُرْفِ, (O,) meaning [And enjoin thou goodness, &c., or] what is deemed good, or approved, of actions. (Bd.) And you say, أَوْلَاهُ عُرْفًا, (S, O,) or ↓ عَارِفَةً, (TA,) meaning ↓ مَعْرُوفًا [i. e. He did to him, or conferred upon him, a benefit, &c.]. (S, O, TA.) وَلِلْمُطَلَّقَاتِ

↓ مَتَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the Kur ii. 242] means [and for the divorced women there shall be a provision of necessaries] with moderation, or right and just aim, and beneficence. (TA.) And ↓ قَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ وَمَغْفِرَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ يَتْبَعُهَا أَذًى [in the same, ii. 265,] means Refusal with pleasing [or gracious] speech, (Bd, Jel, TA,) and prayer [expressed to the beggar, that God may sustain him,] (TA,) and forgiveness granted to the beggar for his importunity (Bd, Jel) or obtained by such refusal from God or from the beggar, (Bd,) are better than an alms which annoyance follows (TA) by reproach for a benefit conferred and for begging. (Jel.) And مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيرًا فَلْيَأْكُلْ

↓ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ [in the same, iv. 6,] means [And such as is poor, let him take for himself (lit. eat)] according to what is approved by reason and by the law, (TA,) or according to his need (Bd) and the recompense of his labour. (Bd, Jel.) b3: [العُرْفُ, in lexicology, signifies The commonly-known, commonly-received, or common conventional, language; common parlance, or common usage: mostly meaning that of a whole people; in which case, the epithet العَامُّ is sometimes added: but often meaning that of a particular class; as, for instance, of the lawyers. Hence the terms حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفًا and مَجَازٌ عُرْفًا, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.

See also مُتَعَارَفٌ: and see عَادَةٌ.]

A2: Also The عُرْف of the horse; (S, O;) [i. e. the mane;] the hair (Mgh, Msb, K) that grows on the ridge (Msb) of the neck of the horse (Mgh, Msb, K) or similar beast; (Msb;) as also ↓ عُرُفٌ: (K:) [see also مَعْرَفَةٌ:] or the part, of the neck, which is the place of growth of the hair: [see again مَعْرَفَةٌ:] and the part, of the neck [of a bird], which is the place of growth of the feathers: (TA:) [or the feathers themselves of the neck; used in this sense in the K and TA in art. برل, as is shown by the context therein:] and the [comb or] elongated piece of flesh on the upper part of the head of a cock; to which the بَظْر of a girl is likened: (Msb:) pl. أَعْرَافٌ [properly a pl. of pauc.] (O, TA) and عُرُوفٌ. (TA.) As used it in relation to a man, explaining the phrase جَآءَ فُلَانٌ مُبْرَثِلًّا لِلشَّرِّ as meaning نَافِشًا عُرْفَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) Such a one came as though ruffling the feathers of his neck to do evil, or mischief]. (TA.) And [hence] it is said in a trad., جَاؤُوا كَأَنَّهُمْ عُرُفٌ (assumed tropical:) [They came as though they were a mane], meaning, following one another. (TA.) And one says, جَآء القَوْمُ عُرْفًا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The people, or party, came] one after another: like the saying, طَارَ القَطَا عُرْفًا (assumed tropical:) [The sand-grouse flew] one after another. (K.) And hence, وَالْمُرْسَلَاتِ عُرْفًا, (S, O, K,) in the Kur [lxxvii. 1], a metaphorical phrase, from the عُرْف of the horse, meaning (tropical:) [By the angels, or the winds, that are sent forth] consecutively, like [the several portions of] the عُرْف [or mane] of the horse: (S, O:) or the meaning is, sent forth بِالْمَعْرُوفِ, (S, O, K, TA,) i. e. with beneficence, or benefit: (TA:) [for further explanations, see the expositions of Z and Bd or others: and see also art. رسل:] some read عَرْفًا [expl. in the next preceding paragraph]. (TA.) b2: [Hence also,] (tropical:) The waves of the sea. (K, TA.) b3: And (assumed tropical:) Elevated sand; as also ↓ عُرُفٌ and ↓ عُرْفَةٌ: pl. (of the last, TA) عُرَفٌ and (of the first, TA) أَعْرَافٌ: (S, O, K:) and all signify likewise (assumed tropical:) an elevated place: (K:) and the first, (assumed tropical:) the elevated, or overtopping, back of a portion of sand, (K, TA,) and of a mountain, and of anything high: and (assumed tropical:) an elevated portion of the earth or ground: and [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (assumed tropical:) the حَرْث [meaning land ploughed, or prepared, for sowing] that is upon the [channels for irrigation that are called] فُلْجَان [pl. of فَلَجٌ] and قَوَائِد [pl. of قَائِدٌ]. (TA.) b4: [The pl.] الأَعْرَافُ, (S, O, K,) mentioned in the Kur [vii. 44 and 46], (S, O,) is applied to (assumed tropical:) A wall between Paradise and Hell: (S, O, K:) so it is said: (S, O:) or the upper parts of the wall: or by عَلَى الأَعْرَافِ may be there meant عَلَى مَعْرِفَةِ أَهْلِ الجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلِ النَّارِ [i. e., app., and possessing knowledge of the people of Paradise and of the people of Hell: for it seems that مُحْتَوُونَ, or the like, is to be understood before على]. (Zj, TA.) [And hence it is the name of The Seventh Chapter of the Kur-án.] By

أَصْحَابُ الأَعْرَافِ [The occupants of the اعراف], there mentioned, are said to be meant persons whose good and evil works have been equal, so that they shall not have merited Paradise by the former nor Hell by the latter: or prophets: or angels. (Zj, TA.) b5: See also عُرْفَةٌ. b6: [The pl.]

أَعْرَافٌ also signifies (tropical:) The higher, or highest, (K, TA,) and first, or foremost, (TA,) of winds; (K, TA;) and likewise of clouds, and of mists. (TA.) b7: And عُرْفٌ signifies also, (As, O, K,) in the speech of the people of El-Bahreyn, (As, O,) A species [or variety] of palm-trees; (As, O, K;) and so [the pl.] أَعْرَافٌ (O, K) is expl. by IDrd: (O:) or when they first yield fruit, or edible fruit, or ripe fruit; (K, TA;) or when they attain to doing so: (TA:) or a [sort of] palmtree in El-Bahreyn, also called بُرْشُوم; (K, TA;) but this is what is meant by As and IDrd. (TA.) b8: And The tree of the أُتْرُجّ [i. e. citrus medica, or citron]. (K.) A3: Also pl. of عَرُوفٌ: b2: and of أَعْرَفُ and عَرْفَآءُ. (K.) عِرْفٌ, with kesr, is from the saying, مَا عَرَفَ عِرْفِى إِلَّا بِأَخَرَةٍ, (S, O,) which means He did not know me save at the last, or lastly, or latterly. (S, O, K.) A2: And it signifies Patience. (IAar, O, K.) A poet says, (namely Aboo-Dahbal ElJumahee, TA,) قُلْ لِابْنِ قَيْسٍ أَخِى الرُّقَيَّاتِ مَا أَحْسَنَ العِرْفَ فِى المُصِيبَاتِ [Say thou to the son of Keys, the brother of Er-Rukeiyat, How good is patience in afflictions!]. (IAar, O, TA.) عُرُفٌ: see عُرْفٌ, in three places.

عَرْفَةٌ A question, or questioning, respecting a subject of information, in order to know it; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عِرْفَةٌ. (K, TA.) A2: See also عَرْفٌ.

A3: Also A purulent pustule that comes forth in the whiteness [or palm] of the hand. (ISk, S, O, K.) عُرْفَةٌ: see عُرْفٌ, latter half. b2: Also An open, elongated, tract of land, producing plants, or herbage. (O, K.) b3: Also, (O, K,) and ↓ عُرْفٌ, (TA,) A limit (O, K, TA) between two things: (K:) [like أُرْفَةٌ:] pl. of the former عُرَفٌ. (O, K, TA.) عِرْفَةٌ [an inf. n.] I. q. مَعْرِفَةٌ. (O, K. [See 1, first sentence. In the O, it seems to be regarded as a simple subst.]) b2: See also عَرْفَةٌ.

يَوْمُ عَرَفَهَ The ninth day of [the month] ذُو الحِجَّة [when the pilgrims halt at عَرَفَات]: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) the latter word being without tenween, (S, O,) imperfectly decl., because it is of the fem. gender and a proper name, (Msb,) and not admitting the art. ال. (S, O, Msb.) b2: See also the next paragraph.

عَرَفَاتٌ The place [or mountain] where the pilgrims halt (Mgh, O, Msb, K) on the day of عَرَفَة [above mentioned], (O, K,) [described by Burckhardt as a granite hill, about a mile, or a mile and a half, in circuit, with sloping sides, rising nearly two hundred feet above the level of the adjacent plain,] said to be nine miles, (Msb,) or twelve miles, (K,) from Mekkeh; (Msb, K;) said by J to be a place in, or at, Minè, but incorrectly, (K, TA,) unless thereby be meant near Minè; (TA;) also called by some ↓ عَرَفَةُ; (Mgh, Msb;) but the saying نَزَلْنَا عَرَفَةَ, (S, O, K,) or نَزَلْتُ بِعَرَفَةَ, (Msb,) [We, or I, alighted at عَرَفَة,] is like a post-classical phrase, (S, O, K,) and (S, O) it is said to be (Msb) not genuine Arabic: (S, O, Msb:) عَرَفَاتٌ is a [proper] name in the pl. form, and therefore is not itself pluralized: (S, O, K:) it is as though the term عَرَفَةٌ applied to every distinct portion thereof: (TA:) as Fr says, it has, correctly, no sing.; (S, O;) and it is determinate as denoting a particular place; (Sb, S, O, K, TA;) and therefore not admitting the article ال; (Sb, TA;) differing from الزَّيْدُونَ [because this is a proper name common to a number of persons]: you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَرَفَاتٌ حَسَنَةً [lit. These are 'Arafát, in a good state], putting the epithet in the accus. case because it is indeterminate [as a denotative of state, like مُصَدِّقًا in the saying وَهُوَ الحَقُّ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَهُمْ, in the Kur ii. 85]: (S, O:) it is decl. (مَصْرُوفَةٌ [more properly مُعْرَبَةٌ]) because the ت is equivalent to the ى and و in مُسْلِمِينَ and مُسْلِمُونَ, (S, O, K,) the tenween becoming equivalent to the ن, therefore, being used as a proper name, it is left in its original state, like as is مُسْلِمُونَ when used as a proper name: (Akh, S, O, K:) [i. e.,] it is decl. in the manner of مُسْلِمَاتٌ and مُؤْمِنَاتٌ, the tenween being like that which corresponds to the masc. pl. termination ن, not the tenween of perfect declinability, because it is a proper name and of the fem. gender, wherefore it does not admit the article ال. (Msb.) عَرَفَاتٌ was thus named because Adam and Eve knew each other (تَعَارَفَا) there (IF, O, K, TA) after their descent from Paradise: (TA:) or because Gabriel, when he taught Abraham the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage, said to him “ Hast thou known? ” (أَعَرَفْتَ), (O, K,) and he replied “ I have known ” (عَرَفْتُ): (K:) or because it is a place sanctified and magnified, as though it were rendered fragrant (عُرِّفَ i. e. طُيِّبَ): (O, K:) or because the people know one another (يَتَعَارَفُونَ) there: or, accord. to Er-Rághib, because of men's making themselves known (نِتَعَرُّفِ العِبَادِ) there by religious services and prayers. (TA.) عُرْفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, العُرْفُ as meaning the commonly-known or commonly-received or conventional language, or common parlance, or common usage. Hence حَقِيقَةٌ عُرْفِيَّةٌ and مَجَازٌ عُرْفِىٌّ, expl. in arts. حق and جوز.]

عَرَفِىٌّ Of, or relating to, عَرَفَات. (O, K.) عِرِفَّانٌ, (O, K,) accord. to Th, A man (O) who acknowledges, or confesses, a thing, and directs to it, or indicates it; (O, K;) thus expl. as an epithet, though Sb mentions his not knowing it as an epithet; (O;) occurring in a poem of Er-Rá'ee, and expl. by some as the name of a companion of his: (O, K: *) and عُرُفَّانٌ signifies the same; (K;) but this is said by Sb to be a word transferred from the category of proper names. (O.) A2: Also the latter, (O,) or both, (K,) A small creeping thing that is found in the sands of 'Álij and of Ed-Dahnà: (O, K:) or a large [sort of locust, or the like, such as is termed] جُنْدَب, resembling the جَرَادَة, (AHn, K, TA,) having a crest (لَهُ عُرْفٌ), (AHn, TA,) not found save upon [one or the other of two species of plants, i. e.] a رِمْثَة or an عُنْظُوَانَة: (AHn, K, TA:) but AHn mentions only the latter form of the word, عُرُفَّانٌ. (TA.) عَرُوفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرِيفٌ: see عَارِفٌ, first sentence. b2: [Hence,] One who knows his companions: pl. عُرَفَآءُ. (O, K.) The chief, or head, (Mgh, K, TA,) of a people, or party; (K, TA;) because he knows the states, or conditions, of those over whom he acts as such; (Mgh;) or because he is known as such [so that it is from the same word in the last of the senses assigned to it in this paragraph]; (K;) or because of his acquaintance with the ordering, or management, of them: (TA:) or the نَقِيب [or intendant, superintendent, overseer, or inspector, who takes cognizance of, and is responsible for, the actions of a people], who is below the رَئِيس: (S, O, K:) or the manager and superintendent of the affairs, who acquaints himself with the circumstances, or a tribe, or of a company of men; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ: (IAth, TA:) or the orderer, or manager, of the affairs of a people, or party; as also ↓ عَارِفٌ: (Msb:) pl. as above: (S, IAth, Msb:) it is said that he is over a few persons, and the مَنْكِب is over five عُرَقَآء, then the أَمِير is over these. (Msb.) It is said in a trad. that the عُرَفَآء are in Hell, as a caution against undertaking the office of chief, or head, on account of the trial that is therein; for when one does not perform the duty thereof, he sins, and deserves punishment. (TA.) b3: [It is now used as meaning A monitor in a school, who hears the lessons of the other scholars.]

A2: See also مَعْرُوفٌ, with which it is syn. عِرَافَةٌ The holding, and the exercising, of the office of عَرِيف. (S, Mgh, * O, Msb, * K. [An inf. n.: see 1, in the middle of the latter half.]) عَرُوفَةٌ: see عَارِفٌ, in two places.

عَرَّافٌ A كَاهِن [or diviner]: (S, O, Msb, K:) or the former is one who informs of the past, and the latter is one who informs of the past and of the future: (Msb:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, [but the converse of his explanation seems to be that which is correct,] the former is one who informs of future events, and the latter is one who informs of past events. (TA.) Hence the saying of the Prophet, that whoso comes to an عرّاف and asks him respecting a thing, prayer of forty nights will not be accepted from him. (O.) b2: and (Msb) An astrologer, (IAth, Mgh, Msb,) who lays claim to the knowledge of hidden, or invisible, things, (IAth, Mgh,) which God has made to belong exclusively to Himself: (IAth:) and this is [said to be] meant in the trad. above mentioned. (Mgh.) b3: And A physician. (S, O, K.) b4: and One who smells [for يسم I read يَشُمُّ] the ground, and thus knows the places of water, and knows in what country, or district, he is. (ISh, in TA, art. حزى.) عَارِفٌ and ↓ عَرِيفٌ are syn., (S, O, K,) like عَالِمٌ and عَلِيمٌ, (S, O,) signifying Knowing; [&c., agreeably with the explanations of the verb in the first quarter of the first paragraph of this art.;] as also ↓ عَرُوفَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but in an intensive sense, which is denoted by the ة, (S, O, TA,) meaning [knowing, &c., much, or well; or] knowing, or acquainted with, affairs, and not failing to know [or recognise] one that has been seen once; (TA;) as in the phrase, بِالأُمُوِر ↓ رَجُلٌ عَرُوفَةٌ [A man much, or well, acquainted with affairs]. (S, O.) b2: For the first, see also عَرِيفٌ. b3: It also signifies particularly [Skilled in divine things;] possessing knowledge of God, and of his kingdom, and of the way of dealing well with Him. (TA.) b4: See also مَعْرُوفٌ.

A2: Also, the first, [Patient; or] very patient, or having much patience; syn. صَبُورٌ; (AO, S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَرُوفٌ; (S, O, K;) of which latter the pl. is عُرْفٌ. (K.) One says, أُصِيبَ فُلَانٌ فَوُجِدَ عَارِفًا [Such a one was smitten, or afflicted, and was found to be patient]. (S, O.) And حَبَسْتُ نَفْسًا عَارِفَةً, meaning صَابِرَةً [i. e. I restrained a patient soul, or mind]: (O, TA:) like the phrase صَبَرْتُ عَارِفَةً in a verse of 'Antarah [cited in the first paragraph of art. صبر]. (S, * O.) And ↓ نَفْسٌ عَرُوفٌ means [A soul, or mind,] enduring; very patient; that endures an event, or a case, when made to experience it. (TA.) عَوَارِفُ [is pl. of عَارِفَةٌ, and] means Patient she-camels. (IB, TA.) عَارِفَةٌ as a subst.; pl. عَوَارِفُ: see عُرْفٌ, first quarter, in two places.

عُوَيْرِفٌ [dim. of عَارِفٌ, i. e. signifying One possessing little knowledge &c.]. One says of him in whom is a sin, or crime, مَا هُوَ إِلَّا عُوَيْرِفٌ [He is none other than one possessing little knowledge]. (TA.) أَعْرَفَ is mentioned in “ the Book ” of Sb as used in the phrase هٰذَا أَعْرَفَ مِنْ هٰذَا [meaning This is more known than this]: irregularly formed from مَعْرُوفٌ, not from عَارِفٌ. (ISd, TA.) A2: Also A thing having what is termed عُرْف [i. e. a mane, or the like]: (S, O, K:) fem. عَرْفَآءُ: pl., masc. and fem., عُرْفٌ. (K.) It is applied to a horse, (Mgh, K, TA,) meaning Having a full mane, or much hair of the mane. (Mgh, TA.) And to a serpent (O, K) such as is termed شَيْطَان [which is described as having an عُرْف]. (O.) And the fem. is applied to a she-camel, (K, TA,) meaning High in the hump: or resembling the male: or long in her عُرْف [or mane]: (TA:) or having what resembles the عُرْف by reason of her fatness: or having, upon her neck, fur like the عُرْف. (Ham p. 611.) b2: The fem. is also used as meaning The ضَبُع [i. e. hyena, or female hyena], because of the abundance of its hair (S, O, K, TA) of the neck, (O, K, TA,) or because of the length of its عُرْف. (TA.) b3: and one says سَنَامٌ أَعْرَفُ A long, or tall, camel's hump, having an عُرْف. (TA.) And جَبَلٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) A mountain having what resembles the عُرْف. (TA.) And قُلَّةٌ عَرْفَآءُ (tropical:) A high mountain-top. (TA.) And حَزْنٌ أَعْرَفُ (assumed tropical:) High rugged ground. (TA.) مَعْرَفٌ (S, O, K [in one of my copies of the S written مُعَرَّفٌ]) and مَعْرِفٌ also (Ham p. 47) sing. of مَعَارِفُ, which means The face [and faces], and any part thereof that appears; as in the saying اِمْرَأَةٌ حَسَنَةُ المَعَارِفِ [A woman beautiful in the face, or in the parts thereof that appear]; (S, O, K;) because the person is known thereby: (TA:) or, as some say, no sing. of it is known: (Har p. 146:) and some say that it signifies the beauties, or beautiful parts, of the face. (TA.) Er-Rá'ee says, مُتَلَفِّمِينَ عَلَى مَعَارِفِنَا نَثْنِى لَهُنَّ حَوَاشِىَ العَصْبِ [Muffling our faces, or the parts thereof that appeared, we fold, or folding, to them the selvages of the عَصْب (a sort of garment).] (S, O: but the latter has مُتَلَثِّمِينَ.) And one says, حَيَّا اللّٰهُ المَعَارِفَ, meaning [May God preserve] the faces. (O, K.) And قَدْ هَاجَتْ مَعَارِفُ فُلَانٍ The features of such a one, whereby he was known to me, have withered, like as the plant withers: said of a man who has turned away, from the speaker, his love, or affection. (TA.) And هُوَ مِنَ المَعَارِفِ He is of those who are known; [or of those who are acquaintances;] (O, K;) as though meaning مِنْ ذَوِى المَعَارِفِ, i. e. of those having faces [whereby they are known]: (O:) or مَعَارِفُ الرَّجُلِ meansThose who are entitled to the man's love, or affection, and with whom he has acquaintance; [and simply the acquaintances of the man;] and is pl. of ↓ مَعْرِفَةٌ. (Har p. 146.) مَعَارِفُ الأَرْضِ meansThe faces, and known parts, of the land. (TA.) مَعْرَفَةٌ The place [or part] upon which grows the عُرْف [or mane]; (S, Mgh;) the place of the عُرْف of the horse, (O, K, TA,) from the forelock to the withers: or the flesh upon which grows the عُرْف. (TA.) But the phrase الأَخْذُ مِنْ مَعْرَفَةِ الدَّابَّةِ means The cutting [or taking] of somewhat from the عُرْف of the beast. (Mgh.) مَعْرِفَةٌ a subst. [signifying Knowledge, cognition, cognizance, or acquaintance; &c.: as such having for its pl. مَعَارِفُ, meaning sorts of knowledge:] from عَرَفَهُ signifying as expl. in the beginning of this art.: (Msb:) or an inf. n. therefrom. (S, O, K.) b2: See also مَعْرَفٌ, last sentence but one. b3: [In grammar, A determinate noun; opposed to نَكِرَةٌ.]

مُعَرَّفٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, q. v.

A2: ] Food rendered fragrant. (TA.) A3: And Food put part upon part [app. so that the uppermost portion resembles a mane or the like (عُرْف)]. (TA.) [Golius, as on the authority of J, and hence Freytag, assign to it a meaning belonging to مُعَرَّقٌ.]

A4: Also The place of halting [of the pilgrims] at عَرَفَات. (S, O, K.) b2: And in a trad. of I'Ab, the phrase بَعْدَ المُعَرَّفِ occurs as meaning After the halting at عَرَفَة [or rather عَرَفَات]. (TA.) مَعْرُوفٌ [Known: and particularly well, or commonly, known]. أَمْرٌ مَعْرُوفٌ and ↓ عَارِفٌ, (O, Msb, K, TA,) accord. to Lth, but the latter is disapproved by Az, having not been heard by him on any other authority than that of Lth, (O, TA,) [though there are other similar instances well known, (see أَمْرٌ, and دَافِقٌ,)] signify the same [i. e. A known affair or event &c.]; (O, Msb, K, TA;) as also ↓ عَرِيفٌ. (Msb, TA,) b2: [Hence, in grammar, The active voice; opposed to مَجْهُولٌ.]

b3: See also عُرْفٌ, former half, in seven places.

A2: أَرْضٌ مَعْرُوفَهٌ Land having a fragrant عَرْف [or odour]. (TA.) A3: رَجُلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ A man having a purulent pustule, termed عَرْفَة, come forth in the whiteness [or palm] of his hand. (S.) مُعْتَرِفٌ [part. n. of 8, q. v.]. 'Omar is related to have said, اُطْرُدُوا المُعْتَرِفِينَ, meaning [Drive ye away] those who inform against themselves [or confess or acknowledge the commission] of something for which castigation is due to them; as though he disliked their doing so, and desired that people should protect them. (TA.) مُتَعَارَفٌ [applied to language, or a phrase, or word, means Known by common conventional usage]. One says, هُوَ مُتَعَارَفٌ بَيْنَهُمْ It is known [by common conventional usage] among them. (MA. See also عُرْفٌ.])

عسف

1 عَسَفَ فِى الأَمْرِ, (Msb,) [aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسْفٌ, (TA,) He did the affair [or he acted in it] without consideration; (Msb, TA; *) and ↓ تعسّف and ↓ اعتسف have the like meaning: (Msb, * TA:) whence what next follows. (Msb.) b2: عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ He travelled the road not following a right direction: (Msb:) [or you say,] عَسَفَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَسْفٌ; (TA;) and ↓ اعتسف, and ↓ تعسّف; (O, K;) he declined from the road, (O, K, TA,) and journeyed without direction and without pursuing a right course: (TA:) or عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ (K, * TA) he travelled the road, (K, TA,) seeking an object of want, (TA,) without direction: (K, TA:) and ↓ اعتسفهُ, and ↓ تعسّفه, he travelled it without aiming at and hitting upon a right course: (TA:) and عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, (Mgh,) or المَفَازَةَ, inf. n. as above, (TA,) he traversed, or crossed, the desert, or waterless desert, without direction, (Mgh, TA,) and without any travelled road; as also ↓ اعتسفها: (Mgh:) or عَسْفٌ signifies the taking a course not along the road, (S, IAth, O, TA,) and without knowledge: (IAth, TA:) this is said by IAth to be the primary meaning: (TA:) or, accord. to IDrd, the primary meaning is the travelling the road without direction: (O:) and ↓ الاِعْتِسَافُ signifies the taking a course at random, without direction and without knowledge. (Ham p. 613.) And one says, بَاتَ يَعْسِفُ اللَّيْلَ, inf. n. as above, He passed the night journeying therein without direction, seeking a thing. (Msb.) And عَسْفٌ [alone] signifies The going round about by night seeking an object of quest, or desire. (O, K.) [See also 2, and 4.]

b3: Hence, i. e. from the frequent usage of the verb in its primary sense, عَسَفَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا, meaning Such a one treated, or used, such a one wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (O;) as also ↓ تعسّفهُ: (O, * K:) and عَسَفَ السُّلْطَانُ (O, K) i. e. [The Sultán, or ruling power,] acted wrongfully, unjustly, &c.: (K:) inf. n. as above. (IAth, Mgh, TA.) b4: And [hence,] عَسَفَ فُلَانَةَ He violated such a woman. (TA.) b5: And الدَّمْعُ يَعْسِفُ الجُفُونَ (assumed tropical:) The tears are copious so that they flow in other than their [proper] channels. (A, TA.) b6: And عَسَفَهُ, aor. and inf. n. as above, He took him, or it, with strength, or force. (Msb.) b7: And عَسَفَهُ He took him as a servant, (O, K, TA,) or an عَسِيف; (TA;) as also ↓ اعتسفهُ. (O, K, TA.) b8: عَسَفَ عَلَيْهِ and لَهُ He worked, or wrought, for him [as a hired servant]. (K.) One says, كَمْ أَعْسِفُ عَلَيْكَ (O) or لَكَ (TA) i. e. [How long shall I] work for thee, (O, TA,) and earn, or gain, for thee, going repeatedly to and fro for thee like him who goes round about in the night seeking an object of quest, or desire? (TA.) b9: And عَسَفَ ضَيْعَتَهُمْ, (K,) aor. as above, (O,) He kept, minded, or managed, their estate, and ordered its affairs in their stead, (O, K, TA,) and went to and fro occupied in that which should put it [or keep it] in a good, or right, state. (TA.) A2: عَسْفٌ signifies also The breathing of death, (O, K.) And عَسَفَ, (O, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسْفٌ (O, TA) and عُسُوفٌ, (TA,) said of a camel, (O, K,) He was at the point of death, and had [the affection, or disease, termed] عُسَاف: or, as some say, he had the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q.v.]: (O:) or he was at the point of death by reason of the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة, and began to breathe [or pant] so that his حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] became convulsed. (K.) [See also عَزَفَ.]2 تَعْسِيفٌ The journeying without any sign of the way and without track; (TA;) and so ↓ تَعَسُّفٌ. (TA in art. سمت: see a verse cited in the first paragraph of that art.) [See also 1, and 4.]

A2: عسّفهُ, inf. n. as above, He fatigued, or jaded, him, (O, K, TA,) namely, his camel, (O, TA,) by journeying. (TA.) 4 اعسف He journeyed by night, [going at random, in a headstrong and reckless manner,] like the weak-sighted she-camel that beats the ground with her fore feet as she goes along, not guarding herself from anything. (IAar, O, K, TA.) [See also 1, and 2.] b2: And He punished his young man with hard work. (IAar, O, K.) A2: Also He (a man, O) had his camel taken with the breathing of death, (IAar, O, K,) termed العَسْف. (IAar, O.) A3: And He kept to drinking from the large cup or bowl [termed عَسْف]. (IAar, O, K.) 5 تَعَسَّفَ see 1, first quarter, in three places: and see 2. b2: تَعَسُّفٌ in language is from عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, [and the like,] expl. above: (Mgh:) it signifies [in its general application The using, or use of, a discommendable license in language: and particularly vague, or vagueness of, expression; or] the making language to accord with [or to hear] a meaning which it does not plainly indicate. (KT.) b3: See also 1, third quarter. b4: [Hence,] one says, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفُ فَتَعَسَّفَهُ i. e. [The sword fell upon him, and] hit the bone that was the main stay of the limb, falling short of the joint. (TA.) 7 انعسف It bent, or inclined; syn. انعطف. (O, K.) Hence, (TA,) Aboo-Wejzeh says, ↓ وَاسْتَيْقَنَتْ أَنَّ الصَّلِيفَ مُنْعَسِفْ meaning [And she knew, or became sure, that] the side of the week [was bending, or inclining]. (O, TA.) 8 إِعْتَسَفَ see 1, in six places.

عَسْفٌ [inf. n. of 1, q. v. passim.

A2: Also] A large drinking-cup or bowl; (S, O, K, TA;) like عُسٌّ: pl. عُسُوفٌ. (TA.) عَسَفَاتٌ: see what next follows.

عُسَافٌ, in a camel, as expl. by As on the authority of an Arab of the desert, is [The suffering experienced] when the حَنْجَرَة [or bead of the windpipe] is convulsed (تَرْجُفُ, O, or تَقْمُصُ, i. e. تَرْجُفُ, S) by the breathing (S, O) at death: (O) they say that it is to camels like نِزَاعٌ to man. (TA.) One says of a she-camel, بِهَا عُسَافٌ (O, K) and ↓ عَسَفَاتٌ, (K,) meaning In her is the suffering expl. above: (O:) or the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة (O, K) occasioning her to be at the point of death and to breathe [or pant] so that her حَنْجَرَة is convulsed. (K.) عَسُوفٌ Travelling without following a right direction; [as also ↓ عَاسِفٌ; and, app., in like manner, ↓ عِسِّيفٌ, but in an intensive sense, occurring in a verse of Esh-Shenfarà, (see Dc Sacy 's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., ii. 359-60,) but not found by me in any of the lexicons:] pl. عُسُفٌ, like as رُسُلٌ is pl. of رَسُولٌ. (Msb.) Applied to a she-camel as meaning That goes along at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeying a guide to the right course, and that is not turned by anything. (TA.) b2: And [hence,] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; syn. جَائِرٌ: (TA:) or one who acts wrongfully, &c., much, or often; syn. ظَلُومٌ: (S, Mgh, O, * K, TA:) and ↓ عَسَّافٌ also has the former [or rather the latter] meaning. (TA.) b3: And One who takes with strength, or force; and so, but in an intensive sense, ↓ عَسَّافٌ. (Msb.) عَسِيفٌ A hired man; a hireling: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or a slave who is held in light, or mean, estimation, or in contempt: (O, L, TA:) in the K, المُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ is erroneously put for المُسْتَهَانُ بِهِ, the reading in the O and L: (TA:) a poet says, (O,) namely, Nubeyh Ibn-El-Hajjáj, (TA,) أَطَعْتُ النَّفْسَ فِى الشَّهَوَاتِ حَتَّى

أَعَادَتْنِى عَسِيفًا عَبْدَ عَبْدِ [I obeyed the soul in respect of appetites until it rendered me a despised bondman, a slave of a slave]: (O, TA:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, from عَسَفَ لَهُ meaning “ he worked for him; ” or in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from عَسَفَهُ meaning “ he took him as a servant: ” (K: [and the like is said in the O:]) pl. عُسَفَآءُ (S, Mgh, O, Msb) and عِسَفَةٌ, which latter is anomalous. (TA.) عَسَّافٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, last two sentences.

عِسِّيفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, first sentence.

عَاسِفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ.

A2: Also, applied to a she-camel, (Aboo-Yoosuf, S, O, K,) without ة, (O,) as well as to a he-camel, (TA,) At the point of death, and having [the affection, or disease, termed]

عُسَاف: or, as some say, having the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q. v.]: (O:) or at the point of death by reason of the غُدَّة, and beginning to breathe [or pant] (Aboo-Yoosuf, S, K) so that the حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] becomes convulsed. (K.) هُوَ رَاكِبُ التَّعَاسِيفِ means He is one who has no known place of aim, or pursuit: (Msb in art. ركب:) the last word is app. pl. of تَعْسَافٌ, which is of a form common to triliteral-radical verbs, in general. (Msb in the present art.) مَعْسِفٌ A place in which one travels without direction: (O, TA:) [in which is no sign of the way nor any track: pl. مَعَاسِفُ:] one says, أَخَذُوا فِى مَعَاسِفِ البِيدِ [They took their way in the tracts of the deserts, or of the waterless deserts, in which one travels without direction]. (TA.) مَعْسُوفَةٌ, applied to a woman, Violated. (TA.) مُنْعَسِفٌ part. n. of 7, q. v. (O, TA.)

عوف

1 عَافَتِ الطَّيْرُ, (Sh, O, K,) aor. ـُ inf. n. عَوْفٌ, (Sh, O,) The birds circled over a thing, (Sh, O, K,) or over the water, or over carcasses or corpses: or circled over a thing, going to and fro and not going away, desiring to alight: (K:) AA says that the medial radical is و; others say that it is ى, as will be shown in art. عيف. (TA.) A2: And عَافَ He (a man, TA) kept, or clave, to the trees, or plants, called عَوْف. (O, K, * TA.) 5 تعوّف He (a lion) sought, or sought for or after, the prey, by night. (TA.) [It is used as intrans. and as trans.:] see عَوْفٌ and عُوَافَةٌ.

عَافٌ i. q. سَهْلٌ [A soft tract, or a plain, &c.]. (O, K.) عَوْفٌ A state, condition, or case. (S, O, K.) So in the saying, نَعِمَ عَوْفُكَ [May thy state, &c., be good, or pleasant]. (S, O.) One says also, أَصْبَحَ فُلَانٌ بِعَوْفِ سَوْءٍ, and بِعَوْفِ خَيْرٍ, meaning [Such a one entered upon the morning, or, simply, became,] in an evil state, and in a good state: or, accord. to some of the lexicologists, one should not say بِعَوْفِ خَيْرٍ, but only شَرٍّ [or سَوْءٍ]. (IDrd, O.) b2: Also Fortune; syn. جَدٌّ and حَظٌّ. (O, K.) And so, accord. to some, in the saying, نَعِمَ عَوْفُكَ [i. e. May thy fortune be good]. (O, TA.) b3: And i. q. طَائِرٌ [as meaning An omen]. (K, TA.) And thus it is said to signify in the form of prayer above mentioned: (TA:) [for,] as some say, the meaning is, نَعِمَ طَيْرُكَ [May thy omen be good]. (O, TA.) b4: And The ذَكَر. (O, K.) One says to a man on the morning after his first going in to his wife, نَعِمَ عَوْفُكَ, meaning thereby the ذَكَر [i. e. May thy ذكر be in a good state]. (O, TA.) A'Obeyd says, Some men used to explain (يَتَأَوَّلُ [for which يَتَنَاوَلُ is erroneously put in the O]) العَوْف as the فَرْج [meaning the ذَكَر], and I mentioned it to AA, and he disapproved it: (S, O, TA:) but a verse has been cited in which عَوْفِى [certainly] means ذَكَرِى. (TA.) b5: and A guest. (Lth, O, K.) And thus it has been expl. as used in the saying, نَعِمَ عَوْفُكَ. (O, * TA.) b6: And The cock. (O, K.) b7: And The lion: because he seeks his prey (↓ يَتَعَوَّفُ) by night. (O, K.) b8: And The wolf. (O, K.) b9: And One who toils, or seeks the means of subsistence, for his household, or family. (IAar, O, K.) b10: And A certain idol. (O, K.) b11: and A species of trees; (O;) or a species of plants, (AHn, O, K,) of the plants of the desert, (AHn, O,) of sweet odour. (AHn, O, K.) b12: أُمُّ عَوْفٍ

The جَرَادَة, (S, O,) [i. e.] the female of the جَرَاد [or locust]. (K.) And أَبُو عَوْفٍ The جَرَاد [meaning the male locust]. (Az, O, K.) A2: Also (i. e. عَوْفٌ) a good manner of tending or pasturing [cattle]: (O, K:) [or rather, simply,] the tending or pasturing [cattle]: so in the saying, إِنَّهُ لَحَسَنُ العَوْفِ فِى إِبِلِهِ [Verily he is one who has a good quality of tending, or pasturing, in respect of his camels]. (TA.) عُوَافٌ: see عُوَافَةٌ.

أُمُّ عُوَيْفٍ A small creeping thing (دُوَيَّبَةٌ), other than the جَرَادَة [which is termed أُمُّ عَوْفٍ]. (TA.) b2: And, accord. to AHát, أَبُو عَوْفٍ A species of the [beetles called] جِعْلَان [pl. of جُعَلٌ]: it is a small creeping thing (دُوَيْبَّة), dust-coloured, that excavates with its tail and with its two horns, and [then] never appears. (TA.) عُوَافَةٌ (O, K) and ↓ عُوَافٌ (K) The prey which the lion seeks (الأَسَدُ ↓ مَا يَتَعَوَّفُهُ) by night, and which he devours. (O, K.) b2: And (both words, K) A thing that becomes, or has become, an acquisition of any one (O, K, TA) by night. (TA.)

عتق

1 عَتَقَتِ الفَرَسُ, aor. ـِ inf. n., عِتْقٌ; (S, O;) or عَتَقَ الفَرَسُ, aor. ـِ and عَتُقَ; The mare, (S, O,) or horse, (K,) preceded, and became safe, or secure: (S, O, K:) [or,] accord. to IDrd, عَتُقَ الفَرَسُ, with damm, signifies the horse became such as is termed عَتِيق [q. v.]. (O.) The meaning of The state, or act, of preceding, or having precedence, [assigned to the inf. n. عِتْقٌ,] is said to be the turning-point of the art.: and hence, عَتَقَ الخَيْلَ, said of a horse, means He preceded the other horses, and became safe, or secure, from them. (Mgh.) And عَتَقْتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ـِ I preceded the thing. (Msb.) b2: عَتَقَ العَبْدُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, O, Msb, K,) inf. n. عِتْقٌ (S, Mgh, O, K) and عَتْقٌ, (K,) or the former is a simple subst. and the latter is an inf. n., (Msb, K,) as also عَتَاقٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) and عَتَاقَةٌ, (S, O, Msb, K,) The slave became free; (S, O;) the slave passed forth from the state of slavery. (Mgh, K.) And sometimes عِتْقٌ is used in the place of إِعْتَاقٌ; (Mgh;) and so is عَتَاقٌ, in the saying حَلَفَ بِالعَتَاقِ [He swore by emancipation]: (TA:) but see 4. [Hence,] one says, فُلَانٌ مَوْلَى

عَتَاقَةٍ [Such a one is a freed slave]. (S, O, K. [See also عَتِيقٌ.]) b3: عَتَقَتْ مِنَ الصِّبَا is said of a girl when she has attained to the marriageable state [meaning She has passed forth from the state of childhood]. (O, TA.) And عَتَقَتْ, aor. ـِ She (a girl) attained to the commencement of the state of puberty: and as some say, had not married: (K, * TA:) [or] she (a woman) passed forth from the state, or condition, of serving her father and mother, and from being possessed by a husband. (Msb.) b4: عَتَقَ بَعْدَ اسْتِعْلَاجٍ, aor. ـِ He (a man, S, O) became thin, or fine, or delicate, in his external skin, after having been coarse and rough; (S, O, K;) as also عَتُقَ. (K.) b5: عَتَقَ, said of anything, It attained its utmost point, reach, or degree. (TA.) b6: عَتَقَتِ البَكْرَةُ The young she-camel became free from القُرْحَة [or purulent pustules in the mouth] and العُرَّة [i. e. mange, or scab]: until this is the case, she is not reckoned a بَكْرَة: so said an Arab of the desert. (TA.) b7: عَتَقَ, (Msb,) or عَتَقَ المَالُ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عِتْقٌ; (Fr, S, O;) and عَتُقَ; (K;) It, (Msb,) or the property, or cattle, (Fr, S, O, K,) became in a good, right, or proper, state. (Fr, S, O, Msb, K.) b8: See also 4. b9: عَتُقَ الشَّىْءُ, (S, Mgh, O, K,) inf. n. عَتَاقَةٌ; (S, Mgh, O;) and عَتَقَ, aor. ـُ (S, O, K) and عَتِقَ; (K;) The thing became old. (S, Mgh, O, K.) Both of these verbs, in this sense, are said of clarified butter. (TA.) And you say, عَتُقَتِ الخَمْرُ; (S, Msb, K;) and عَتَقَت, (Msb, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَتْقٌ and عِتْقٌ; (Msb;) The wine became old (Msb, K) and good. (K.) b10: عَتَقَتْ عَلَيْهِ يَمِينٌ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـِ (S, K; in one of my copies of the S عَتُقَ;) and عَتُقَتْ; (S, O, K;) The oath was binding on him: (K:) or was old, and binding on him; as though he kept it [long], not violating it. (S, O.) A2: عَتَقَهُ بِفِيهِ, inf. n. عَتْقٌ, He bit it: (K:) or بِفِيهِ ↓ عَتَّقَ he bit with his front teeth: and [simply] he bit: (So in the O:) [both are app. correct; for it is said that] تَعْتِيقٌ signifies the act of biting. (L, K.) 2 عَتَّقَ see 4. b2: عَتَّقْتُ الشَّىْءَ, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْتِيقٌ, (S, K,) I made the thing old. (S, O, K. *) عُتِّقَتْ زَمَانًا is said of wine (الخَمْرُ) [as meaning It was kept long, so that it became old]. (S, O.) b3: See also 1, last sentence.4 اعتق فَرَسَهُ He made his mare to hasten, or be quick, [and to precede, (see 1, first sentence,)] and become safe, or secure. (S, O, K.) b2: اعتق العَبْدَ He emancipated the slave; freed him from slavery: (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K:) ↓ عَتَقَهُ in this sense is not known, (TA,) and should not be said, therefore it is said in the Bári' that one should not say عُتِقَ العَبْدُ, nor should one say أَعْتَقَ العَبْدُ with the verb in the active form [and making العبد the agent]. (Msb.) b3: اعتق المَالَ He put the cattle, or property, into a good, right, or proper, state; (Fr, S, O, K;) as also ↓ عتّقهُ, inf. n. تَعْتِيقٌ; (O;) and ↓ عَتَقَهُ, (Msb, * K, TA,) aor. ـِ inf. n. عَتْقٌ. (TA.) b4: اعتق قَلِيبَهُ He dug his well, and cased it [with stones or bricks], (AA, O, K,) and made it good. (AA, O.) b5: اعتق مَوْضِعَهُ He took for himself his place (حَازَهُ), so that it became his property. (O, K.) b6: اعتق دِيوَانَهُ [is expl. by the words] إِذَا اسْتَقَامَ لَهُ وَأَخَذَ مِنْهُ شَيْئًا [app. as meaning He took something from his register, or his account or reckoning, when it had become in a right, or correct, state for him]. (O, TA.) b7: اعتق يَمِينَهُ He made his oath to be inexpiable. (L, TA.) عُتْقٌ: see the next paragraph.

عِتْقٌ [mentioned above as an inf. n. and also as a simple subst. (see 1)] i. q. نَجَابَةٌ [app. as a quality of a horse and the like, meaning Generousness, excellence, or swiftness: see 1, first and second sentences]. (K.) b2: And i. q. كَرَمٌ [Generousness, generosity, or nobility]; (S, Mgh, O, K;) as in the saying, مَا أَبْيَنَ العِتْقَ فِى وَجْهِ فُلَانٍ [How manifest is generousness, &c., in the face of such a one!]. (S, O.) b3: And i. q. شَرَفٌ [Highness, or eminence, of rank or condition]. (K.) b4: Also Beauty, or comeliness. (S, O, K.) b5: And The state, or condition, of freedom; contr. of slavery. (S, O, K.) b6: [And Oldness: in which sense,] accord. to some, عِتْقٌ and ↓ عُتْقٌ relate to inanimate things, as wine and dates; and قِدَمٌ relates to inanimate things and also to animals. (L, K.) A2: Also, and ↓ عُتُقٌ, A species of trees from which Arabian bows are made: (AHn, K: *) the name being meant to imply the excellence of the bow [made therefrom]. (AHn.) عُتُقٌ: see what next precedes.

عُتَاقٌ: see the next paragraph, last quarter.

عَتِيقٌ A horse that precedes, outstrips, or outgoes; as also ↓ عَاتِقٌ; or this signifies a horse that precedes, and becomes safe, or secure; (TA; [see 1, first and second sentences;]) or that precedes, outstrips, or outgoes, the [other] horses: (Msb:) and the former, a generous, or an excellent, horse: (Msb, TA:) or a horse swift and excellent; or that excites admiration by his generousness or excellence; syn. رَائِعٌ: (S, Mgh, O, TA:) pl. عِتَاقٌ: (S, O, Msb:) عَتِيقَةٌ applied to a young she-camel means generous, excellent, or swift: (TA:) and عِتَاقٌ has this meaning applied to camels, (TA,) or to such as are termed أَرْحَبِيَّات, (S, O, TA,) and to horses; (K, TA;) or the عِتَاق of horses are the generous, or excellent, thereof; and so of birds; (Mgh;) [the noble thereof, in a sense wider that that in which this epithet is applied in English falconry;] or of birds, such as prey; (S, O, K, TA;) عَتِيقٌ being applied to one of them: (TA:) عِتَاقُ الطَّيْرِ is also applied [particularly] to eagles: (IAar, TA voce عُقَابٌ:) and عَتِيقُ الطَّيْرِ, to the hawk, or falcon: (O, TA:) and عَتِيقٌ signifies anything generous, or excellent; (S;) and anything choice, or best; (S, O, K;) thus applied to a hawk, and dates, and water, and fat: (S:) or العَتِيقُ means dates [themselves], (AHn, O, K,) as in a verse of 'Antarah (or of Khuzaz-Ibn-Lowdhán, S, TA) cited voce كَذَبَ, (O,) as a proper name thereof; (K;) or, as some say, the dates termed شِهْرِيز; and its pl. is عُتُقٌ: (TA:) and water [itself]: (K:) and fat [itself]: and accord. to IAar, anything that has attained the utmost degree in goodness or badness or beauty or ugliness is termed عَتِيقٌ; pl. عُتُقٌ. (TA.) b2: Also Beautiful, or comely: so in the saying, فُلَانٌ عَتِيقُ الوَجْهِ [Such a one is beautiful, or comely, in respect of the face]. (O, TA.) And اِمْرَأَةٌ عَتِيقَةٌ means A woman beautiful, or comely; generous, or noble. (TA.) b3: And (applied to a man, S, O) Thin, or fine, or delicate, in his external skin, after having been coarse and rough. (S, O, K.) b4: And, applied to a slave, signifying Freed from slavery, or emancipated; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K;) as also ↓ عَاتِقٌ, and ↓ مُعْتَقٌ; (S, O, Msb, K;) and some of the relaters of traditions say ↓ مَعْتُوقٌ, (TA,) but this is not allowable: (Msb, TA:) عَتِيقَةٌ is applied to a female, (S, O, Msb, K,) and عَتِيقٌ also: Msb:) the pl. of عَتِيقٌ is عُتَقَآءُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and عِتَاقٌ also sometimes occurs, like كِرَامٌ as a pl. of كَرِيمٌ; (Msb;) and the pl. of عَتِيقَةٌ is عَتَائِقُ. (S, O, Msb.) العَتِيقُ is an appellation applied to Es-Siddeek, (S, K,) i. e. (S) to Aboo-Bekr, (S, O, K,) as a surname, (K,) because he was said by the Prophet to be freed (عَتِيق) from the fire [of Hell]: or because of his beauty, or comeliness: (S, O, K:) or he was so named by his mother. (O, K.) b5: And Old; (S, Mgh, O, L, Msb, K;) as also ↓ عَاتِقٌ: (S, O:) the former is applied in this sense to anything, even to a man: (S, L:) and the pl. is عِتَاقٌ, which occurs in a trad. applied to the earlier verses of the Kur-án that were revealed at Mekkeh, (L, TA,) and عُتْقٌ, (S, K, *) or عُتُقٌ, with two dammehs, (Mgh, Msb,) like بُرُدٌ pl. of بَرِيدٌ, (Msb,) applied to دَرَاهِم, (Mgh, Msb,) عُتْقٌ being [probably] a contraction of عُتُقٌ (like as بُرْدٌ is of بُرُدٌ) and in like manner applied to دَنَانِير, (S,) [and عُتَّقٌ occurs in the TA in art. سم, agreeably with general analogy if pl. of عَاتِقٌ,] but عُتُّقٌ, with two dammehs and teshdeed, is a mistake. (Mgh.) البَيْتُ العَتِيقُ is an appellation of The Kaabeh, (S, O, K,) given to it in the Kur-án [xxii. 30 and 34, as meaning the Old House], (O,) because it was the first house founded upon the earth, (O, K,) as is said in the Kur [iii. 90]: (O:) or [as meaning (assumed tropical:) the Freed House,] because it was freed from submersion (O, K) in the days of the Deluge, (O,) being taken up; (TA;) or from the imperious, overbearing, or tyrannical, of mankind; or from the Abyssinians; or because not possessed by any one; (O, K;) and [thus expl.] it is tropical. (TA.) You say قَنْطَرَةٌ عَتِيقَةٌ [An old bridge], (S, O, K,) with ة, (S, O,) and قَنْطَرَةٌ جَدِيدٌ [meaning the contr.], (S, O, K,) without ة, (S, O,) because عَتِيقَةٌ has the meaning of the measure فَاعِلَةٌ, (S, O, K,) but جَدِيدٌ has the meaning of the measure مَفْعُولَةٌ. (S, O.) And رَاحٌ عَتِيقٌ, (O, K,) without ة, (O,) and عَتِيقَةٌ and ↓ عَاتِقٌ [app. meaning Old wine]: (K:) and ↓ خَمْرٌ عَاتِقٌ and عَتِيقٌ and ↓ عُتَاقٌ good and old wine: (K, in a later portion of the art.:) or ↓ عَاتِقٌ means old wine: (S, O, TA:) or long kept in its receptacle: (L, TA:) or of which no one has broken the seal [upon the mouth of its jar]: (S, O, TA:) or that has just attained to maturity: (Z, TA:) Hassán says, [using it as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] كَالْمِسْكَ تَخْلِطُهُ بِمَآءِ سَحَابَةٍ

أَوْ عَاتِقٍ كَدَمِ الذَّبِيحِ مُدَامِ [Like musk which thou mixest with the water of a cloud, or old wine (&c.) like the blood of the slaughtered animal, made to continue long in its unopened jar]. (S, O, TA: but the last, for تَخْلِطُهُ, has مُخْتَلِطٌ.) b6: And العَتِيقُ signifies Wine [itself]. (K.) And [What is termed]

الطِّلَآءُ [app. as meaning expressed juice of grapes boiled until the quantity thereof is reduced to one third or half]. (K.) b7: And Milk. (K.) b8: And A [sort of] male palm-tree, (K, TA,) well known, (TA,) of which the female palm-tree will not shake off, or drop, its fruit (لَا تَنْفُضُ نَخْلَتُهُ). (K, TA.) b9: And ثَوْبٌ عَتِيقٌ means جَيِّدُ الحبكةِ [app. a mistranscription, for جَيِّدُ الحَبْكِ, i. e. A garment, or piece of cloth, well woven]. (TA.) عَاتِقٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in six places. b2: Also A young bird (S, O, K, TA) above the stage of that which is termed نَاهِض, (S, O, TA,) i. e. of that of which the first feathers have fallen off and strong feathers have grown; (TA;) when it has flown and become independent; (K, TA;) thought by A'Obeyd to be from the meaning of “ outgoing,” or “ outstripping,” كَأَنَّهُ يَعْتِقُ أَىْ يَسْبِقُ [as though it outwent, or outstripped]: (S, O, TA:) or of the young of the sandgrouse (القَطَا), or of the pigeon, while not yet firm, or strong, (K, TA,) not advanced in age: (TA:) pl., in this and the following senses, عَوَاتِقُ. (K.) b3: And A girl that has attained to the commencement of the state of puberty, (S, O, K,) and become kept behind the curtain in the tent, or house, of her family, (S, O,) and not been separated to a husband: (S, O, K:) said by IAar to be so called because she has passed forth from the state of childhood, and attained to being marriageable; (O;) or because she has passed forth from the state, or condition, of serving her father and mother, and has not yet been possessed by a husband; but AAF says that this is not valid: or that has attained to the wearing of the garment called دِرْع, and has passed forth from the state of childhood and of being required to help in the service of her family: (TA:) or such as is between the stages of puberty and middle age: (K:) or a woman who has passed forth from the state, or condition, of serving her father and mother, and from being possessed by a husband: (Msb:) pl. as above, and عُتَّقٌ also; the latter occurring in a trad. (TA.) b4: And A زِقّ [or wine-skin], (T, S, &c.,) of which the wine is good: (T, TA:) or of which the odour is pleasant, because of its oldness: (S:) or wide, (Ibn-'Abbád, O, L, K,) and good: or wide as applied to a [leathern water-bag such as is called] مَزَادَة. (TA.) b5: And A bow (قَوْسٌ) that has become altered in colour; as also عَاتِكٌ: (IF, O:) or عَاتِقَةٌ (S, O, K) and عَاتِقٌ (K) a bow that has become old and red; (S, O, K;) as also عَاتِكَةٌ. (S, O.) A2: العَاتِقُ also signifies The part, of the مَنْكِب [or shoulder], which is the place of the [garment called] رِدَآء: (S, O, K:) or the part between the مَنْكِب and the neck; (Mgh, Msb, K:) which is the place of the رِدَآء: (Msb:) or the part, of the كَتِف [properly the shoulder-blade, but app. here meaning, as in some other instances, the shoulder itself], which is the place of the suspensory-cord of the sword: (Ham p. 556:) it is [said to be] masc. and fem.; (S, O, Msb;) sometimes fem.; (K;) but this is not of established authority: a verse which is cited by IB [and in the O] as an instance of its being fem. is asserted by some to be forged: (TA:) the pl. is عَوَاتِقُ (Msb, K, and Ham ubi suprà,) and عُتْقٌ. (K.) One says رَجُلٌ

أَمْيَلُ العَاتِقِ A man bent, or bending, [or sloping,] in [the part which is] the place of the رِدَآء. (S, O.) حَبْلُ العَاتِقِ see in art. حبل. b2: And [the pl.] العَوَاتِقُ signifies also النَّوَاحِى [The sides; or lateral, or outward, or adjacent, parts or portions; &c.: see the sing., نَاحِيَةٌ]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O.) مُعْتَقٌ: see عَتِيقٌ, in the former half.

مُعَتَّقَةٌ, applied to wine (خَمْر), Old, (S, O, K,) having been kept (عُتِّقَتْ) long. (S, O.) b2: and المُعَتَّقَةُ [as a subst.] A certain perfume, or odoriferous substance; syn. عِطْرٌ; (K;) a sort of عِطْر. (L.) رَجُلٌ مِعْتَاقُ الوَسِيقَةِ A man who, when he drives away a number of camels that he has captured, renders them secure (S, O) from being overtaken, (O,) and outstrips with them: (S:) from أَعْتَقَ العَبْدَ: (O:) you should not say مِعْنَاق. (S.) مَعْتُوقٌ: see عَتِيقٌ, in the former half.

علق

1 عَلِقَ بِهِ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. عَلَقٌ (S, O, Msb, KL, TA) and عَلقَةٌ (L, TA) [and app. عُلُوقٌ also, as will be seen from what follows]; and ↓ تعلّق, (S, MA, Mgh, O, Msb,) and ↓ اعتلق; (O, Msb, KL;) It hung to it; it was, or became, suspended to it: (so the first and last accord. to the KL, and the second accord. to the MA and common usage: [in the S and Mgh and O, it is merely said that the first and second signify the same:]) [and] it clung, caught, clave, adhered, held, or stuck fast, to it; (Msb in explanation of all, and TA * in explanation of the first;) and so ↓ تعلّقهُ. (S, * O, * TA.) It is said in a prov., (S, O, TA,) asserted in the K to have been mentioned before, which is not found to be the case, (TA,) وَصَرَّ الجُنْدَبُ ↓ عَلِقَتْ مَعَالِقَهَا (S, O, K, [in the CK, erroneously, مُعالِقَها,]) [It (the bucket, الدَّلْوُ, Z, TA) has become suspended in its places of suspension, and the جندب (accord. to the S and K a species of locust) has creaked]: originating from the fact that a man went to a well, and suspended his well-rope to the rope thereof, and then went to the owner of the well, and claimed to be his neighbour [and therefore to have a right to the use of the well]; but the owner refused his assent, and ordered him to depart; whereupon he uttered these words, meaning The heat has come, [see صَرَّ الجُنْدَبُ in art. جدب,] and I am not able to depart. (S, O. [See more in Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 91.]) And one says, عَلِقَ الشَّوْكُ بِالثَّوْبِ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَلَقٌ; and بِهِ ↓ تعلّق; meaning The thorns clung, caught, &c., to the garment. (Msb.) And ظُفْرِى بِالشَّىْءِ ↓ اعتلق My nail clung, caught, &c., to the thing. (Msb.) And عَلِقَ الظَّبْىُ فِى الحِبَالَةِ, (S, O,) or الصَّيْدُ; (K;) or عَلِقَ الوَحْشُ بِالْحِبَالَةِ, inf. n. عُلُوقٌ, (Msb,) [The gazelle, or the animal of the chase, became caught, or stuck fast, in the snare; or the wild animal became caught, or held fast, thereby, or] became withheld from getting loose [thereby]: whence the saying, عَلِقَ الخَصْمُ بِخَصْمِهِ and بِهِ ↓ تعلّق [The antagonist became held fast, or withheld from getting loose, by his antagonist; and also the antagonist clung, or held fast, to his antagonist]. (Msb.) [b2: The primary significations are those mentioned above in the first sentence: and hence several other significations here following. b3: عَلِقَ عَلَى كَذَا and عَلَيْهِ ↓ تعلّق It depended upon such a thing, as a condition. b4: عَلِقَ بِهِ and ↓ تعلّق It pertained to him, or it: it concerned him, or it. And He had a hold upon it: he had a concern in it.] b5: عَلِقَهَا, (S, O,) or عَلِقَهُ, (K,) and عَلِقَ بِهَا, (S, O,) or بِهِ, (K,) inf. n. عُلُوقٌ (S, O, K) and عَلَقٌ (K [and mentioned also in the S and O but app. as a simple subst.]) and عِلْقٌ [but see this below voce عَلَقٌ] and عَلَاقَةٌ, (K,) [He became attached by love to her, or to him;] he loved (S, O, K) her, (S, O,) or him; (K;) and so عَلِقَ حُبُّهَا بِقَلْبِهِ; (S, O;) and ↓ تعلّقها, and تعلّق بِهَا; [the former of these two phrases being used for the latter, agreeably with a saying of IAmb cited in the TA in art. ارى, that تَعَلَّقْتُ فُلَانًا is for تعلّقت بِفُلَانٍ;] like ↓ اعتلق [i. e. اعتلقها and اعتلق بها], (K,) or اعتلقهُ, (S,) or اعتلق بِهِ; (TA;) and ↓ عُلِّقَهَا, (S, * O, * K, TA,) from عَلَاقَةُ الحُبِّ, (S, O, TA,) and بِهَا ↓ عُلِّقَ, (TA,) [but this last verb is more commonly trans. by itself, for ex.,] El-Aashà says, عُلِّقْتُهَا عَرَضًا وَعُلِّقَتْ رَجُلًا غَيْرِى وَعُلِّقَ أُخْرَى غَيْرَهَا الرَّجُلُ [I became attached to her accidentally, and she became attached to a man other than me, and the man became attached to another female, other than her]. (S, O. [See also another ex., in a verse of 'Antarah, cited voce زَعَمَ.]) [See also عَلَقٌ, below.] b6: ↓ عَلِقَتْ مِنْهُ كُلَّ مَعْلَقٍ [which may be rendered She captivated him wholly] occurs in a trad. as [virtually] meaning he loved her, and was vehemently desirous of her. (TA.) b7: عَلِقَتْ نَفْسُهُ الشَّىْءَ His soul, or mind, clung to the thing persistently. (L, TA.) b8: ↓ قَدْ عَلِقَ الكِبَرُ مَعَالِقَهُ [app. meaning Old age has taken hold in its holding places, or, agreeably with what is said in the next sentence, has had its effects], in which معالق is pl. of مَعْلَقٌ, is said to an old man. (TA.) and of everything that has had its effect [so I here render وَقَعَ مَوْقِعَهُ, but see art. وقع], one says, عَلِقَ

↓ مَعَالِقَهُ. (TA, and Ham p. 172.) b9: عَلِقَتْ مَرَاسِيهَا بِذِى رَمْرَامٍ [Their anchors have clung to a place having the species of herbage called رمرام, meaning they are abiding therein, (see مِرْسَاةٌ, in art. رسو,)] is said of camels when they are at rest, or at ease, and their eyes are refreshed by the pasturage; and is a prov., applied to persons in the like condition by reason of their means of subsistence. (TA.) b10: عَلِقَ بِهِ, inf. n. عَلَقٌ, He contended with him in an altercation [as though clinging to him]; disputed with him; or litigated with him. (TA.) b11: لَا يَعْلَقُ بِكَ means لا يَلِيقُ بك [It will not be suitable to thee; it will not befit thee]. (S and K in art. ليق.) b12: عَلِقَ يَفْعَلُ كَذَا He set about, began, or betook himself to, doing such a thing. (S, O, K.) فَعَلِقُوا وَجْهَهُ ضَرْبًا occurs in a trad., meaning They set about, or betook themselves to, smiting his face. (TA.) And a rájiz says, عَلِقَ حَوْضِى نُغَرٌ مُكِبُّ [Nughar (a species of birds) bending down their heads] betook themselves to coming for the purpose of drinking to my حوض [or watering-trough]: or, as some say, liked it, and frequented it. (S, O.) b13: And مَا عَلِقْتُ أَقْولُهُ means I did not cease saying it; like ما نَشِبْتُ. (A in art. نشب.) [Thus عَلِقَ has two contr. meanings.] b14: عَلِقَتِ الإِبِلُ العِضَاهَ, (S, O, K,) aor. ـَ (K;) and عَلَقَت likewise, aor. ـُ (S, O, K;) inf. n. عَلْقٌ; (S, O, K; *) The camels fed upon the upper, or uppermost, portions of the [trees called] عضاه, (S, O, K,) reaching them with their mouths: (S and O in explanation of the latter verb:) and يَعْلَقُ العِضَاهَ, said of a camel, he plucks from the عضاه, [as though] hanging from it, by reason of his tallness: (S: in one of my copies of the S, and in the TA, يَعْلُقُ:) or one says, of camels, عَلَقَتْ مِنَ الشَّجَرِ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَلْقٌ and عُلُوقٌ, meaning they ate of the trees with their mouths: and عَلِقَتْ فِى الوَادِى, aor. ـَ they pastured, or pastured where they pleased, in the valley: (Msb:) accord. to Lh, عَلَقَتْ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عَلْقٌ, said of beasts, means they ate the leaves of the trees: and accord. to As, عَلَقَتْ, aor. ـُ inf. n. عُلُوقٌ, means they reached and took with their mouths. (TA.) Hence, (TA,) it is said in a trad., أَرْوَاحُ الشُّهَدَآءِ فِى حَوَاصِلِ طَيْرٍ خُضْرٍ تَعْلُقُ مِنْ وَرَقِ الجَنَّةِ, (S, Msb, *) or مِنْ ثِمَارِ الجَنَّةِ, (TA,) and, as some relate it, تَعْلَقُ, (Msb, TA,) [both as meaning The souls of the martyrs are in the crops of green birds that eat of the leaves, or fruits, of Paradise,] but the former relation is that which should be followed, because the latter requires that one should say فِى ورق الجنّة [or فى ثمار الجنّة], though the latter is said to be the more common. (Msb.) One says also, عَلِقَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَلَقٌ, meaning The camels ate of the عُلْقَة of the trees, i. e., of the trees that remain in the winter and of which the camels are fed until they attain to the رَبِيع [meaning spring, or springherbage]; as also ↓ تعلّقت. (TA.) And عَلَقَ, inf. n. عَلَاقٌ and عُلُوقٌ, He ate. (TA.) and الصَّبِىُّ يَعْلُقُ The child sucks his fingers. (TA.) b15: عَلَقَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ [inf. n. عَلْقٌ] He blamed, or censured, him; he said to him that which he disliked, or hated. (Lh, K, * TA.) b16: عَلِقَ أَمْرَهُ He knew his affair. (K.) b17: عَلِقَتِ المَرْأَةُ, (S, Mgh, O, K,) inf. n. عُلُوقٌ, (Mgh,) or عَلَقٌ, (TA,) The woman conceived, or became pregnant. (S, Mgh, O, K.) Hence the saying, الغِرَاسُ تَبَدَّلُ بِالعُلُوقِ (tropical:) [The set, or shoot that is planted, becomes changed by pullulating]; a metaphorical phrase; meaning that what is planted becomes changed because it increases and rises when it clings to the earth and germinates. (Mgh.) b18: عَلِقَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast drank water and the leech (العَلَقَةُ) clave to it: (S, O, K:) or, accord. to an explanation of [the part. n.] مَعْلُوقٌ by Lth, one says عُلِقَت, of the form of that whereof the agent is not named, meaning it had leeches (عَلَق) that had taken hold upon its fauces when it drank: (O:) or عُلِقَ, also, like عُنِىَ, is used in this sense, (K, * TA,) said of a man and of a beast. (TA.) b19: عَالَقْتُ فُلَانًا فَعَلَقْتُهُ: see 3.2 علّقهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) i. e. الشَّىْءَ, (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. تَعْلِيقٌ; (S, O, K;) and ↓ اعلقهُ, (S, * O, * Msb,) and ↓ تعلّقهُ; (S, O, K;) signify the same. (S, O, Msb, K.) You say, علّق الشَّىْءَ بِالشَّىْءِ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) inf. n. as above, He hung, or suspended, the thing to the thing; and so مِنَ الشَّىْءِ, and عَلَيْهِ: (TA:) [and] he made the thing to cling, catch, cleave, adhere, hold, or stick fast, to the thing; as also بِهِ ↓ اعلقهُ. (Msb.) [For ex.,] one says, عَلَّقْتُ رِشَائِى بِرِشَائِكَ [I have suspended my well-rope to thy well-rope]: and رِشَآءَهُ بِرِشَآءِ البِئْرِ ↓ أَعْلَقَ [He suspended his well-rope to the rope of the well]. (S, O.) [See also an ex. of the latter verb in a verse cited voce رَافِضٌ.] And علّقهُ عَلَى الوَتِدِ [He hung it on the peg]: and in like manner, علّق الشَّىْءَ خَلْفَهُ [He hung the thing behind him]; as, for instance, a حَقِيبَة, &c., behind the camel's saddle. (TA.) and مَعَاذَةً ↓ تعلّق He hung (عَلَّقَ) upon himself an amulet. (S, O.) And بِالغَرْبِ بَعِيرَيْنِ ↓ اعلق He coupled two camels to the end of the well-rope [to the other end of which was attached the large bucket]. (IF, K.) [And in like manner they say in the present day, علّق الخَيْلَ فِى العَرَبَةِ He harnessed, or attached, the horses to the carriage.] And أَظْفَارَهُ فِى الشَّىْءِ ↓ اعلق He made his nails to cling, catch, or cleave, to the thing. (S, TA.) And [in like manner,] علّق يَدَهُ and ↓ اعلقها [He made his hands to cling, &c.], followed by فى before the object: both signify the same. (TA.) And علّق الدَّابَّةَ, meaning علّق عَلَيْهَا [for علّق عليها المِخْلَاةَ, agreeably with modern usage, i. e. He hung upon the beast the nose-bag containing barley, or the like; or he supplied the beast with عَلِيق, which means barley, or the like, that is hung upon the beast]. (TA.) [And hence, as is indicated in the T and TA, علّق signifies, by a metaphor, (tropical:) He supplied with عَلِيق as meaning wine.] and علّق رَاحِلَتَهُ He loosed the halter, or leading-rope, from the muzzle of his riding-camel and threw it [or hung it] upon her shoulders, to give her ease. (TA.) b2: [The primary significations are those mentioned in the second sentence of this paragraph: and hence several other significations here following. b3: علّقهُ بِكَذَا, and عَلَى كَذَا, He made it to depend upon such a thing, as a condition.] You say, عَلَّقْتُ عِتْقَ عَبْدِى بِمَوْتِى [I made the freedom of my slave to depend upon my death]. (TA in art. دبر.) b4: إِنْ أَنْطِقْ أُطَلَّقْ وَإِنْ

أَسْكُتْ أُعَلَّقْ, in the story of Umm-Zara, means [If I speak, I am divorced; and if I be silent, I am left in suspense, i. e.,] he leaves me like that which is suspended, (O, TA,) neither retained nor divorced. (TA.) [And similar to this is the phrase تَعْلِيقُ أَفْعَالِ القُلُوبِ The suspending of the verbs significant of operations of the mind from government, as to the letter but not as to the meaning:] see مُعَلَّقٌ. b5: [علّق البِنَآءَ He made the building, or structure, pensile, i. e. supported above the ground, or above a stage or floor, by pillars or piers or otherwise. Hence,] the saying نَقَبُوا الحَائِطَ وَعَلَّقُوهُ means They dug beneath the wall [or made a hole through it] and left it [or rendered it] مُعَلَّقًا [i. e. pensile, or supported above the ground, being partially hollowed beneath]. (Mgh.) b6: [علّق فِى حَاشِيَةِ كِتَابٍ He appended a note in the margin of a book or writing.] b7: علّق بَابًا He set up, and fixed, a door, (Mgh, TA,) عَلَى دَارِهِ [upon, or to, his house]. (Mgh.) b8: And (TA) He closed, or made fast, a door, with a kind of latch, or sliding bolt; syn. أَزْلَجَهُ, (O, TA,) or أَرْتَجَهُ; (K;) as also ↓ اعلقهُ. (TA.) [See مِعْلَاقٌ.] b9: عُلِّقَهَا, and عُلِّقَ بِهَا, in which the pronoun denoting the object relates to a woman: see 1, former half. b10: عَلَّقَ فُلَانٌ دَمَ فُلَانٍ [app. meaning Such a one attached to himself responsibility for the blood of such a one] is said when the former is the slayer of the latter. (TA. [Thus I find the phrase there written: but perhaps the right reading is عُلِّقَ.]) b11: عَلَّقَهُ also signifies He joined him, and overtook him. (TA.) b12: And He learned it, and took it or received it [from another]. (TA.) b13: عَلِّقُوا رَمَقَهُ بِشَىْءٍ Give ye to him something that shall stay, or arrest, what remains in him of life. (Z, TA.) b14: عَلَّقْتُ مَعَ فُلَانٍ عَلِيقَةً, (S, TA,) and مَعَ القَوْمِ, (TA,) I sent with such a one, (S, TA,) and with the people, or party, (TA,) a camel for the purpose of bringing corn for me upon it. (S, TA. [See عَلِيقَةٌ.]) اِرْضَ مِنَ المَرْكَبِ بِالتَّعْلِيقِ is a prov., said to a man who is thereby enjoined to be content with a part of that which he wants, instead of the whole thereof; like him who rides the camel termed عَلِيقَة one time after another time: [so that it means Be thou content, instead of the riding constantly, or instead of the beast that is ridden only, with the sending a camel to bring corn, upon which thou mayest ride occasionally:] (TA:) or the meaning may be, be thou content, instead of thy riding, with the hanging of thy goods upon the beast: or the meaning may be, be thou content, in respect of the beast that is ridden, with the hanging [thy goods] upon him in thy turn. (Meyd.) b15: And one says, عَلِّقْ لِنَاقَتِكِ, meaning Go thou from thy she-camel (اِمْشِ عَنْهَا). (O.) 3 عَاْلَقَ ↓ عَالَقْتُ فُلَانًا فَعَلَقْتُهُ I vied with such a one, or contended with him for superiority, in precious things (أَعْلَاق, pl. of عِلْق), and I surpassed him, or was better than he, in respect of a precious thing. (TA.) And عَالَقْتُهُ بِعِلْقِى وَعِلْقِهِ I laid a bet, or wager, with him with precious articles of property [or, I with my precious thing and he with his precious thing]. (Ham p. 101, but without the vowel-signs.) 4 أَعْلَقَ see 2, former half, in six places: and again, in the latter half. b2: اعلق القَوْسَ He put a suspensory (عِلَاقَة) to the bow. (S, O, K.) b3: اعلق said of one practising the capturing of game, or animals of the chase, He had the game, or animal of the chase, caught, or stuck fast, in his snare. (S, O, K.) A2: اعلق also signifies He sent, or let go, [or applied,] leeches (عَلَق), (S, O, K,) upon a place, (S, O, TA,) to such (S, O, K) the blood. (O, TA.) A3: And He found, lighted on, or met with, a precious article, (عِلْقًا, K, TA, [in the CK عَلْقًا] i. e. نَفِيسًا, TA,) of property: (K, TA:) mentioned by Ibn-'Abbád. (TA.) A4: and He brought to pass that which was a calamity. (K.) You say to a man, أَعْلَقْتَ وَأَفْلَقْتَ, i. e. جِئْتَ بِعُلَقَ فُلَقَ, meaning [Thou hast brought to pass] that which is a calamity. (S, O.) b2: and أَعْلَقْتُ عَنْهُ I removed from him العَلُوق, meaning that which was a calamity. (O, TA. *) b3: Hence, الإِعْلَاقُ as meaning A woman's pressing with the finger the نَغَانِغ, which are certain portions of flesh by the uvula, of a child, thereby endeavouring to cure his عُذْرَة, (O, TA, *) which means a pain and swelling in the fauces; (TA;) i. q. الدَّغْرُ. (S, TA. [See 1 in art. دغر.]) You say of a woman, أَعْلَقَتْ وَلَدَهَامِنَ العُذْرَة, (S,) or أَعْلَقَتْ عَلَيْهِ, (O, TA,) She raised (رَفَعَتْ [or دَفَعَتْ i. e. thrust]) her child's [swelling termed] عُذْرَة with her hand: (S:) or she pressed that part with her finger, and thrust it. (TA.) b4: And hence, (TA,) one says also, أَعْلَقْتُ عَلَىَّ, meaning I put my hand into my fauces to constrain myself to vomit. (O, TA.) A5: اعلقت البِلَادُ The countries were, or became, distant, or remote; like اعنقت. (TA in art. عنق, from the Nawádir el-Aaráb.) 5 تَعَلَّقَ see 1, former half, in seven places: b2: and see the same paragraph again, in the last quarter: A2: and see also 2, first quarter, in two places.8 إِعْتَلَقَ see 1, former half, in three places.

عَلْقٌ A hole in a garment, (K, TA,) caused by one's passing by a tree or a thorn that has caught to it; (TA;) as also ↓ عَلَقٌ: (K, TA:) or a thing that has caught, or clung, to a garment, and pulled it [and, app., frayed, or rent, it]. (S. [See also عَلْقَةٌ.]) A2: And The act of reviling. (K.) [See also عَلَقَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ, (of which it is the inf. n.,) near the end of the first paragraph.]

A3: And A species of trees used for tanning. (K.) A4: See also the next paragraph, in two places.

عِلْقٌ A precious thing, or thing held in high estimation, of any kind, (Lh, S, O, K, TA,) except of animate beings; (Lh, TA;) as also ↓ عَلْقٌ: (K:) one says, هٰذَا عِلْقُ مَضَنَّةٍ This is a precious thing, or thing held in high estimation, of which one is tenacious; (S, * O;) as also عِرْقُ مَضَنَّةٍ [q. v.]: (O and TA in art. عرق:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْلَاقٌ (S, K) and [of mult.] عُلُوقٌ, (K,) and, as some say, عِلْقَاتٌ. (O.) And [particularly] A garment held in high estimation: [see also عِلْقَةٌ:] or a shield: [see again عِلْقَةٌ:] or a sword: (Lh, K, TA:) and property held in high estimation. (TA.) b2: And Wine; (S, O, K;) because held in high estimation: (S, O:) or old wine. (K, TA.) b3: And one says, فُلَانٌ عِلْقُ عِلْمٍ Such a one is a lover and pursuer of knowledge: (O, K: *) and in like manner, عِلْقُ شَرٍّ [a lover and pursuer of evil]: (K:) and عِلْقُ خَيْرٍ [a lover and pursuer of good]. (TA.) A2: Also A جِرَاب [or bag for travelling-provisions

&c.]; and so ↓ عَلْقٌ: (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K:) [pl. أَعْلَاقٌ, of which see an ex. in a verse cited voce رَائِحٌ, in art. روح.]

A3: See also عُلْقَةٌ: b2: and see عَلَاقَةٌ, first quarter.

عَلَقٌ Anything hung, or suspended. (K.) b2: The suspensory [cord] of the بَكْرَة [or pulley of a well]; (K;) the apparatus of the بِكْرَة, by which it is suspended: (S, O:) and the بَكْرَة [or pulley] itself; (K, TA;) as some say; and the pl. is أَعْلَاقٌ: (TA:) or [in the CK “ and ”] the wellrope and the large bucket and the مِحْوَر [or pin on which the sheave of the pulley turns] (K, TA) and the pulley, (TA,) all together; (K, TA;) so says Lh: (TA:) or all the apparatus for drawing water by means of the pulley; comprising the two pieces of wood at the head of the well, the two upper extremities of which are connected by a rope and then fastened to the ground by means of another rope, the two ends of this being extended to two pegs fixed in the ground; the pulley is suspended to the upper parts of the two pieces of wood, and the water is drawn by means of it with two buckets by two drawers: it signifies only the سَانِيَة [here meaning the large bucket with its apparatus] and all the apparatus consisting of the خُطَّاف [or bent piece of iron which is on each side of the sheave of the pulley and in which is the pin whereon the sheave turns] and the مِحْوَر [or pin itself] and the sheave and the نَعَامَتَانِ [app. here meaning the two pieces of wood mentioned above, agreeably with an explanation mentioned voce زُرْنُوقٌ,] and the ropes thereof: so says As, on the authority of Arabs: (TA:) or the rope that is suspended to the pulley: (K:) or, as some say, the rope that is at the upper part of the pulley. (TA.) b3: And The suspensory of a قِرْبَة [or water-skin]; i. e. عَلَقُ القِرْبَةِ signifies the strap by which the قربة is suspended; (TA;) i. q. عَرَقُهَا: (S, O, K, TA:) or the thing with which it is tied and then suspended: or what has remained in it of the grease with which it is greased. (TA.) One says, جَشِمْتُ إِلَيْكَ عَلَقَ القِرْبَةِ [expl. in arts. جشم and عرق]. (S, O.) b4: Also [Leeches;] certain worms, (S,) or certain things resembling worms, (Mgh, Msb,) or certain small creeping things, (O,) or a [species of] small creeping thing, (K,) black, (Mgh, Msb,) or red, (TA,) found in water, (S, O, Msb, K,) and having the property of sucking blood, (S, O, K, TA,) and employed to suck the blood from the throat and from sanguineous tumours: (TA:) they cling (Mgh, Msb) to the حَنَك [q. v.] (Mgh) or to the fauces (Msb) of the beast when he drinks, (Mgh, Msb,) and suck the blood: (Msb:) one thereof is termed عَلَقَةٌ. (S, O, Msb.) b5: And Clay that clings to the hand. (K.) b6: And Blood, in a general sense: or intensely red blood: (K:) or thick blood: (S, O, K:) or clotted blood, (K, TA,) before it becomes dry: (TA:) or clotted, thick, blood; because of its clinging together: (Mgh:) and عَلَقَةٌ signifies a portion thereof: (S, Mgh, O, K:) or this signifies a little portion of thick blood: (Jel in xcvi. 2:) or a portion [or lump] of clotted blood: (TA:) or the seminal fluid, after its appearance, when it becomes thick, clotted, blood; after which it passes to another stage, becoming flesh, and is what is termed مُضْغَةٌ. (Msb. [See Kur xxiii.

14.]) A2: Also [Attachment, as meaning] tenacious love: (K:) and [simply] love, or desirous love, (Lh, S, O, K, TA,) of a man for a woman: (Lh, TA:) or love cleaving to the heart; (TA;) and so ↓ عَلَاقةٌ and ↓ عِلَاقَةٌ; or the former of these two relates to love and the like and the latter relates to a whip and the like [as will be expl. below under the two words]. (K.) [In this sense it is originally an inf. n., of which the verb is عَلِقَ.] One says, إِنَّهُ لَذُو عَلَقٍ فِى فُلَانَةَ Verily he is one having love, or desirous love, for such a woman: (Lh, TA:) thus made trans. by means of فى. (TA.) And نَظْرَةٌ مِنْ ذِى عَلَقٍ A look from one having love, or desirous love: (S, O, TA:) a prov. (TA.) b2: See also عَلَاقَةٌ, first quarter. b3: Also Pertinacious contention in an altercation; or such disputation or litigation. (K. [In this sense it is originally an inf. n., of which the verb is عَلِقَ. And عَلَاقَةٌ, q. v., has a similar signification.]) b4: See also عُلْقَةٌ, second sentence.

A3: and see عَلْقٌ.

A4: Also The main [or middle] part [or beaten track] of a road. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K.) [See an ex. of the pl. (أَعْلَاقٌ) in a verse cited voce عَمْقٌ.]

عَلِقٌ [part. n. of عَلِقَ: as such signifying Hanging, or being suspended: and clinging, &c.: b2: and] pertinacious; adhering to affairs, and minding them. (TA in art. ذمر.) [See also عَلَاقِيَةٌ.] b3: [Also, as such, applied to a woman, Pregnant: a meaning assigned by Golius to عَلَقٌ.]

عُلَقَ and فُلَقَ in the saying جِئْتَ بِعُلَقَ فُلَقَ, [expl. above, see 4,] (S,) or جَآءَ بِعُلَقَ فُلَقَ [He brought to pass] that which was a calamity, (K,) are imperfectly decl., (S, K,) like عُمَر. (S.) b2: And عُلَقٌ [perfectly decl.] signifies A numerous company, or collection [of men]: (K:) thus it is said to mean: (S:) and this is meant in the saying above mentioned, as some explain it. (TA.) b3: And عُلَقٌ accord. to K, but correctly عُلُقٌ, with two dammehs, pl. of ↓ عَلُوقٌ, (TA,) signifies Deaths, or the decrees of death; syn. مَنَايَا: (K, TA:) and calamities: (TA:) and businesses, occupations, or employments: or such as divert one from other things: or occurrences that cause one to forget, or neglect, or be unmindful: syn. أَشْغَالٌ. (K, TA.) عَلْقَةٌ A جَذْبَة [meaning fray, as being a kind of strain,] that is occasioned in a garment (K, TA) and other [similar] thing when one passes by a thorn or a tree. (TA. [See also عَلْقٌ.]) عُلْقَةٌ: see عَلَاقَةٌ, former half, in two places. b2: Also The quantity that suffices the cattle, (S, O, Msb, K,) of what they obtain from the trees [or plants]; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَلَقٌ; (S, O, K;) and so ↓ عَلَاقٌ, and ↓ عَلَاقَةٌ: (K:) and a sufficiency of the means of subsistence, (S, O, K,) whatever it be; (S;) as also ↓ عَلَاقٌ, (O,) or ↓ عَلَاقَةٌ: (S, K:) or it signifies also food sufficient to retain life; (Msb, TA; *) as also ↓ مُتَعَلَّقٌ; (TA;) and so ↓ عَلَاقٌ, as in a verse cited voce رَجِيعٌ: (S in art. رجع:) and, (O, K, TA,) accord. to AHn, (O, TA,) the trees that remain in the winter (O, K, TA) and of which the camels are fed, (O, K,) or with which the camels suffice themselves, (TA,) until they attain to the رَبِيع [meaning spring, or spring-herbage]: (O, K, TA: [see also عُرْوَةٌ:]) and it is also expl. as signifying herbage that does not stay: (TA:) and food that suffices until the time of the [morning-meal called]

غَدَآء; (K, * TA;) as also ↓ عَلَاقٌ: (K, TA:) and accord. to Az, food, and likewise a beast for riding, such as suffices one, though it be not free from deficiency, or defect: (TA:) the pl. of عُلْقَةٌ is عُلَقٌ. (Msb.) One says, لِى فِى هٰذَا المَالِ عُلْقَةٌ and ↓ عِلْقٌ and ↓ عُلُوقٌ and ↓ عَلَاقَةٌ and ↓ مَتَعَلَّقٌ, all meaning the same, (K, TA,) i. e. [There is for me, or I have, in this property,] a sufficiency of the means of subsistence. (TA.) And مَا يَأْكُلُ فُلَانٌ إِلَّا عُلْقَةً [Such a one eats not save a bare sufficiency of the means of subsistence]. (O, TA.) And ↓ مَا ذُقْتُ عَلَاقًا [I have not tasted a sufficiency of the means of subsistence, or food sufficient to retain life]. (TA.) And مَا فِى

وَلَا لَمَاقٌ ↓ الأَرْضِ عَلَاقٌ There is not in the land a sufficiency of the means of subsistence: or pasturage: (TA:) or ↓ مَا بِهَا مِنْ عَلَاقٍ there is not in it pasturage. (S.) And لَمْ يَتْرُكِ الحَالِبُ بِالنَّاقَةِ

↓ عَلَاقًا The milker did not leave in the she-camel's udder anything. (S, O. [See also عَلُوقٌ.]) And لَمْ يَبْقَ لِى عِنْدَهُ عُلْقَةٌ [There remained not with him] anything [belonging to me]. (S, O, * K. *) And هٰذَا الكَلَامُ لَنَا فِيهِ عُلْقَةٌ [In this speech is] a sufficiency [for us]. (TA.) And عِنْدَهُمْ عُلْقَةٌ مِنْ مَتَاعِهِمْ [With them is] somewhat remaining [of their goods]. (TA.) عِلْقَةٌ A small garment, (S, O,) the first garment that is made for a boy: (S, O, K:) or a shirt without sleeves: or a garment in which is cut an opening for the head to be put through it, [so that nearly one half of it falls down before the wearer and the corresponding portion behind,] not having its two sides sewn [together]; it is worn by a girl; (K, TA;) like the صُدْرَة; she uses it for service and work; (TA;) and it extends to the place of the waist-band: (K, TA: [see also إِتْبٌ:]) or a garment held in high estimation; (K, TA;) like عِلْقٌ [mentioned before]; worn by a man: one says of him who has not upon him costly garments, مَا عَلَيْهِ عِلْقَةٌ [He has not upon him costly attire]. (TA.) b2: And A shield. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA. [This last meaning is also assigned to عِلْقٌ, as mentioned before.]) A2: and A certain tree, used for tanning. (K.) A3: إِبِل لَيْسَ بِهَا علِقَةٌ is a phrase mentioned by Ibn-'Abbád, (O, TA,) as meaning [app.] اصرة. (TA. [This word, in the TA, is blurred: and in the O, the place that it occupied has perished: I think that it is most probably أَصِرَّةٌ, pl. of صِرَارٌ; and therefore that the phrase means Camels not having upon them strings, or pieces of rag, bound upon their udders or teats, to prevent their young ones from sucking: for one says صَرَّ بِالنَّاقَةِ as well as صَرَّ النَّاقَةَ; and in like manner, I suppose, one may say لَيْسَ بِهَا أَصِرَّةٌ: and hence, perhaps, it may mean not having milk: see the phrase مَا بِالنَّاقَةِ عَلُوقٌ.]) A4: [For the phrase اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ عِلْقَاتَهُِمْ, see the next paragraph but one.]

عَلْقَى, (S, O, K,) like سَكْرَى, (K,) A certain plant: (S, O, K:) accord. to Sb, (S, O,) it is used as sing. and pl.; (S, O, K;) and its alif [written ى] is to denote the fem. gender, therefore it is without tenween: but others say that its alif is to render it quasi-coordinate [to the quadriliteral-radical class], and is with tenween, the n. un. being عَلْقَاةٌ: (S, O:) IJ says that the alif in عَلْقَاةٌ is not to denote the fem. gender, because it is followed by ة; but when they elide the ة, they say عَلْقَى, without tenween: (L, TA: [in both of which, more is added, but with some mistranscription or omission rendering it inconsistent:]) its twigs are slender, difficult to be broken, and brooms are made of it: (K: [but this is taken from what here follows:]) Aboo-Nasr says, the علقى is a tree [or plant] of which the greenness continues during the hot season, and its places of growth are the sands, and the plain, or soft, tracts: and he says, an Arab of the desert showed me a plant which he asserted to be the علقى; having long and slender twigs, and delicate leaves; called in Pers\. خُلْوَام [?]; those who collect [the dung used for fuel called] جَلَّة make of it brooms for that purpose: to which he adds, and it is said, on the authority of the early Arabs, that the علقاة is a certain tree [or plant] which is found in the sands, green, having leaves, but in which is no good: (O:) [it is said, however, that] the decoction thereof is drunk for the dropsy. (K.) عِلْقَاتَهُمْ, (O, K,) like سِعْلَاتَهُمْ, (O,) in the saying اِسْتَأْصَلَ اللّٰهُ عِلْقضاتَهُمْ, (O, K, * [in the CK عَلْقاتَهُمْ,]) is a dial. var. of عِرْقَاتَهُمْ, (K, [in the CK عَرْقاتَهُمْ,]) [and] is said by Ibn-'Abbád to mean أَصْلَهُمْ [i. e. May God utterly destroy their race, stock, or family]: but some say that it is a pl. of العِلْقُ signifying “ that which is precious, or held in high estimation: ” and in one dial. it is [عِلْقَاتِهِمْ,] with kesr to the ت. (O.) عَلِقْنَةٌ: see عَلَاقِيَةٌ.

عَلَاقٌ: see عُلْقَةٌ, in eight places.

عَلَاقِ [an imperative verbal noun], like نَزَالِ

&c., (IDrd, O, K, *) means تَعَلَّقْ, (K,) or تَعَلَّقْ بِهِ [i. e. Cling thou, cleave thou, or stick thou fast, to him, or it]. (IDrd, O.) عِلَاقٌ A thing that is hung, or suspended, like the عُوذَة [or amulet]. (TA voce مَعْذُورٌ as an epithet applied to a child affected with the pain, of the fauces, termed عُذْرَة.) عَلُوقٌ A thing that clings, cleaves, or sticks fast, (يَعْلَقُ, [in the CK تَعَلَّقَ,]) to a man. (S, O, K.) b2: And [hence,] Death, or the decree of death; syn. مَنِيَّةٌ; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عَلَّاقَةٌ, (S, TA,) accord. to the K, erroneously, عَلَاقَة [without teshdeed]: in a verse in which it occurs, some explain العَلَّاقَةُ as meaning thus; and some, as meaning the serpent, because of its clinging. (TA.) El-Mufaddal En-Nukree says, وَقَدْ عَلِقَتْ بِثَعْلَبَةَ العَلُوقُ [When death, or the decree of death, had clung to Thaalebeh]. (S, O.) The pl. of عَلُوقٌ, in this sense, and in the sense next following, as mentioned before, in the paragraph commencing with the word عُلَقَ, is عُلُقٌ, with two dammehs. (TA. See that paragraph.) b3: And [hence, likewise,] A calamity, or misfortune. (O, K.) It occurs in a trad. in this sense, applied to what is termed عُذْرَة, or to the operation performed upon it. (O, TA. [See 4.]) b4: See also عَوْلَقٌ.

A2: Also Pasture upon which camels feed. (S, O, K.) And Trees that are eaten by the camels that have been ten months pregnant, (O, K,) in consequence of which they assume a red hue. (O.) El-Aashà speaks of it [in a verse of which I find four different read-ings] as occasioning a redness in she-camels: but some say that he means thereby The young in the bellies; and by the redness, the beauty of their colour on the occasion of conceiving. (S, O.) And some say that, as used by El-Aashà, it means The sperma of the stallion; a signification mentioned by AHeyth; because the she-camels become altered in colours, and red, when they conceive. (TA.) b2: مَا بِالنَّاقَةِ عَلُوقٌ means There is not in the she-camel aught of milk. (S. [and عَلَاقٌ signifies the same: see an ex. voce عُلْقَةٌ.]) A3: Also A she-camel that is made to incline (تُعْطَفُ [in the CK تَعْطَفُ]) to a young one not her own, and will not keep to it, but only smells it with her nose, and refuses to yield her milk; (S, O, K; [see an ex. in a verse cited in the first paragraph of art. رأم;]) as also ↓ مُعَالِقٌ: (S:) or a she-camel that inclines to her young one, and feels it, until it becomes familiar with her, but when it desires to suck the milk from her, strikes it, and drives it away. (Ham p. 206.) [Hence,] one says of him who speaks a speech with which is no deed, عَامَلَنَا مُعَامَلَةَ العَلُوقِ [He dealt with us with the dealing of the علوق]. (O, K.) b2: And A she-camel that does not become familiar with the stallion nor affect the young one: (Lth, O, K:) as implying a presage of good [i. e. that she will cling to both]. (TA.) b3: And A woman that does not love other than her husband: (Lth, O, K:) likewise as implying a presage of good. (TA.) b4: And A woman that suckles the child of another. (Lth, O, K.) b5: See also عَلِيقَةٌ.

A4: Also i. q. ثُؤَبَآءُ [generally meaning A yawning]. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) عُلُوقٌ [originally an inf. n.]: see عُلْقَةٌ. b2: One says also, لِى فِى الأَمْرِ عُلُوقٌ There is something made obligatory to me, or in my favour, in the affair, or case; and so ↓ مُتَعَلَّقٌ. (TA.) عَلِيقٌ i. q. قَضِيمٌ, (S, MA, K, TA,) i. e. Barley for a horse or similar beast, (MA,) [in which sense and also as meaning provender of beans and the like, the former word is now used, properly, or originally,] that is hung upon the beast [in a مِخْلَاة, or nose-bag]: (TA:) pl. عَلَائِقُ. (MA.) b2: And hence, as being likened thereto, (tropical:) Wine. (TA.) عَلَاقَةٌ [is originally an inf. n.: and as a simple subst. signifies An attachment, a tie, or a connection; as also ↓ عُلْقَةٌ, mentioned in the TA, in art. ربط, together with وُصْلَةٌ, as syn. with رَابِطَةٌ:] a word relating to things conceived in the mind; as love, and contention in an altercation: ↓ عِلَاقَةٌ relating to things extrinsic to the mind; as a bow, and a whip: (Kull p. 262:) see عَلَقٌ, last quarter. b2: [Hence, as denoting an attachment, or a tie,] Love, and friendship; or such as is true, or sincere; syn. حُبٌّ, and صَدَاقَةٌ: (K, TA:) [or as expl. voce عَلَقٌ, last quarter:] or it means عَلَاقَةُ حُبٍّ [an attachment, or a tie, or a clinging, of love]: (S, O:) Lh mentions, on the authority of Ks, and as known to As, the saying لَهَا فِى

قَلْبِى عَلَاقَةُ حُبٍّ [i. e. There is to her, in my heart, an attachment, or a tie, or a clinging, of love]; and likewise, on the authority of the former, but as unknown to As, حُبٍّ ↓ عِلْقُ and حُبٍّ ↓ عِلَاقَةُ, though As knew the phrase حُبٍّ ↓ عَلَقُ: (TA:) or عَلَاقَةُ حُبٍّ means love to which one clings. (Msb.) b3: And A contention in an altercation; a dispute; or a litigation: (K: [see also عَلَقٌ, near the end of the paragraph:]) or it means عَلَاقَةُ خُصُومَةٍ [app. one's connection in such a contention]: (S, O:) or عَلَاقَةُ خُصُومَةٍ means the proportion [or share] that one holds [in such a contention; or what pertains to one thereof; or one's concern therein]: (Msb:) [for] b4: عَلَاقَةٌ also signifies A thing upon which one has, or retains, a hold; like ↓ عُلْقَةٌ in the saying كُلُّ بَيْعٍ أَبْقَى عُلْقَةً فَهُوَ بِاطِلٌ i. e. [Every sale that leaves remaining] a thing upon which the seller retains a hold [is null]. (Msb.) And one says, مَا بَيْنَهُمَا عَلَاقَةٌ, with fet-h, meaning There is not between them two anything upon which either of them has a hold against the other: and the pl. is عَلَائِقُ. (TA.) And لِفُلَانٍ فِى هٰذَا الدَّارِ عَلَاقَةٌ, [or rather هٰذِهِ الدار,] with fet-h, i. e. [There belongs to such a one, in this house, something upon which he has a hold, or in which he has a concern, or] a remaining portion of a share. (TA.) العَلَاقَةُ مِنَ المَهْرِ means That [portion, or amount, of the dowry, or nuptial gift,] upon which they have a hold against him who takes a woman in marriage: (Sh, K, TA:) pl. عَلَائِقُ [as above]: (K, TA:) whence the saying, in a trad., أَدُّوا العَلَائِقَ i. e., as expl. by the Prophet, [Pay ye] what their families have agreed upon; meaning, what attack each one of them [by an obligation] to his companion, or fellow, like as a thing is attached to another thing. (TA.) and [the pl.] عَلَائِقُ likewise signifies [Obligations of bloodwits; or] bloodwits that are attached to a man. (TA.) [See also another explanation in the fourth of the sentences here following.] b5: Also A work, craft, trade, and any other thing [or occupation], to which a man has attached himself: (K:) or a work or craft &c. as above, or property and a wife and a child, or love, or a contention in an altercation, pertaining to a man (يَتَعَلَّقُ بِإِنْسَانٍ): pl. as above. (Har p. 372.) b6: See also عُلْقَةٌ, in three places. b7: [The pl.] عَلَائِقُ is also expl. by Lh as meaning Articles of merchandise. (TA.) b8: And العَلَاقَةُ is said by Sh to signify النَبْلُ [evidently, I think, a mistranscription for التَّبْلُ, i. e. Blood-revenge; or the seeking for blood-revenge, or the like; though it seems to be better rendered the obligation of bloodrevenge; or the obligation of a bloodwit, attaching to a man, agreeably with an explanation given above]: and by Aboo-Nasr to signify التَّبَاعُدُ [which I think to be a mistranscription for التَّنَافُدُ, signifying contention, disputation, or litigation, a meaning mentioned in the former half of this paragraph]: and both of these significations are assigned to it in the saying of Imra-el-Keys, بِأَىِّ عَلَاقَتِنَا تَرْغَبُو نَ عَنْ دَمِ عَمْرٍو عَلَى مَرْثَدِ [as though meaning By reason of what bloodrevenge, &c., of ours do ye relinquish the claim for the blood of 'Amr resting as a debt upon Marthad? or What is our contention, &c.? Do ye relinquish &c.]: the ب [in بِأَىِّ] accord. to the latter explanation being redundant. (TA. [See also De Slane's “ Diwan d'Amro'lkais,” p. 48, line 4, of the Ar. text. (in which the former hemistich ends with ترغبون and the latter commences with أَعَنْ); and see his translation; and a gloss in the notes, p. 126.]) A2: See also عَلِيقَةٌ.

عِلَاقَةٌ: see عَلَقٌ, last quarter; and عَلَاقَةٌ, first and second sentences. It signifies The suspensory thong or the like, of the knife and of other things; (Msb;) it is of the bow, (S, O, [see also مُعَلَّقٌ,]) and of the whip (S, Mgh, K) and the like, (K, TA,) as the sword, and the shield, and the drinking-cup or bowl, and of the book, or copy of the Kur-án, &c., (TA,) and of the water-skin; (M voce شِنَاقٌ;) that of the whip being the thong that is in the handle thereof. (TA.) See also مِعْلَاقٌ. [Also The suspensory stalk of a fruit.] b2: And A surname, or by-name; because it is attached to a man; as also ↓ عَلَاقِيَةٌ, of which the pl. is عُلَاقَى: the pl. of عِلَاقَةٌ is عَلَائِقُ. (K.) عَلِيقَةٌ (IAar, S, O, K) and ↓ عَلَاقَةٌ (IAar, O, K) and ↓ عَلُوقٌ (TA) A camel, (IAar, S, O, K,) or two camels, (IAar, TA,) sent by a man with a people, or party, in order that they may bring corn for him, (IAar, S, O, K,) thereon, (S, O, K,) he giving them money for that purpose: pl. عَلَائِقُ, (S, O,) which may be of the first and of the second; (O;) and (S, O) of the first, (S,) عَلِيقَاتٌ. (S, O.) [See also جَنِيبَةٌ.] b2: [And in the present day عَلِيقَةٌ is applied to A nose-bag, such as is called مِخْلَاة; i. e. a bag that is hung to the head of a horse or the like, in which he eats barley or other fodder.]

عَلَاقِيَةٌ A man who, when he clings to a thing, will not quit it. (S, O, K.) [See also عَلِقٌ.] b2: And نَفْسٌ عَلَاقِيَةٌ and ↓ عَلِقْنَةٌ A devoted, or an attacked, soul; one that clings to a thing persistently. (L, TA.) b3: See also عِلَاقَةٌ.

عُلَّاقٌ A certain plant. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) عُلَّيْقٌ and ↓ عُلَّيْقَى A certain plant that clings to tree; (S, O, K;) sometimes called by the latter name; (S;) in Pers\. called سَرَنْد (S, O) or سِرِنْد: (S; in one of my copies of which it is written سَرَنْد:) [agreeably with this description, the former appellation is now applied to the convolvulus arvensis of Linn., or field-bindweed: (so in Delile's Flor. Aegypt. Illustr., no. 222:) and to a species of dolichos; dolichos nilotica; dolichos sinensis of Forskål: and any climbing plant: (no. 669 in the same:) but it is also said to be applied to the rubus fruticosus, or common bramble: (Forskål's Flor. Aegypt. Arab., p. cxiii.:) and, agreeably with what here follows, it is now often applied to the rubus Idæus, or raspberry:] accord. to AHn, both of these appellations signify a thorny tree [or shrub], that does not grow large, such that when a thing catches to it, it can hardly become free, by reason of the numerousness of its thorns, which are curved and sharp; and it has a fruit resembling the فِرْصَاد [or mulberry], (O, TA,) which, when it becomes ripe, blackens, and is eaten; (O;) [see also تُوتٌ;] and it is called in Pers\.

دَرْكَه [?]; (O, TA;) they assert that it is the tree in which Moses beheld the fire; (O;) and the places of its growth are thickets, and tracts abounding with trees: (O, TA:) the chewing it hardens, or strengthens, the gum, and cures the [disease in the mouth called] قُلَاع; and a dressing, or poultice, thereof cures whiteness of the eye, and the swelling, or protrusion, thereof, and the piles; and its root, or stem, (أَصْلُهُ,) crumbles stones in the kidney. (K.) عُلَّيْقُ الجَبَلِ [in the CK الخَيْلِ] is A certain plant: and عُلَّيقُ الكَلْبِ [one of the appellations now applied to The eglantine, or sweet brier, more commonly called the نِسْرِين,] is another plant. (K.) عَلَّاقَةٌ: see عَلُوقٌ, second sentence.

عُلَّيْقَى: see عُلَّيْقٌ.

عَالِقٌ Clinging, catching, cleaving, adhering, holding, or sticking fast: so in the phrase هُوَ عَالِقٌ بِهِ [He, or it, is clinging, &c., to him, or it]. (TA.) b2: Also A camel plucking from the [tree called] عِضَاه; (S, O;) so termed because he is [as though he were] hanging from it, (S, O, K, *) by reason of his tallness: pl. عَوَالِقُ; which is also applied to goats. (S.) And A camel pasturing upon the plant called عَلْقَى. (S, O, K.) عَوْلَقٌ The [kind of goblin, demon, devil, or jinnee, called] غُول; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عَلُوقٌ. (K.) b2: And A bitch vehemently desirous [of the male]. (S, K.) b3: And The wolf. (K. [But what here follows suggests that الذِّئْبُ in the copies of the K may be a mistranscription for الذَّنَبُ.]) b4: The saying هٰذَا حَدِيثٌ طَوِيلُ العَوْلَقِ means [lit. This narrative, or story, is] long in the tail. (S.) Kr mentions the phrase إِنَّهُ لَطَوِيلُ العَوْلَقِ without particularizing a narrative or story, or any other thing. (TA.) A2: Also (tropical:) Hunger: (K, TA:) like عَوَقٌ. (O in art. عوق.) أَعَالِيقُ a pl. having no sing.: see مِعْلَاقٌ.

تَعَلُّقَاتٌ and ↓ مُتَعَلِّقَاتٌ are post-classical terms often used as meaning Dependencies, or appertenances, of a thing or person: circumstances of a case: and concerns of a man.]

تَعْلِيقٌ: see the next paragraph.

تَعْلِيقَةٌ a post-classical-term, sing. of تَعَالِيقُ signifying Coins, and the like, suspended to women's ornaments. See also مِعْلَاقٌ. b2: Also An appendix to a book or writing: and hence, a tract, or treatise; properly such as is intended by its author to serve as a supplement to what has been written by another or others on the same subject; as also ↓ تَعْلِيقٌ: and, more commonly, a marginal note: pl. تَعَالِيقُ and تَعْلِيقَاتٌ.]

مَعْلَقٌ, and its pl. (مَعَالِقُ): see 1, in four places.

مِعْلَقٌ A small عُلْبَة [or milking-vessel]: (S, O, TA:) next is the جَنْبَة, larger than it: then, the حَوْءَبَة, the largest of these: the مِعْلَق is the best of these, and is a drinking-cup, or bowl, which the rider upon a camel hangs with him [upon his saddle]: (TA:) pl. مَعَالِقُ. (S, O, TA.) [See an ex. voce شَرْبَةٌ.]

رَجُلٌ ذُو مَعْلَقَةٍ A man who attacks and plunders, (O,) who clings to everything that he finds, or attains, or obtains. (O, K.) مِعْلَقَةٌ One of the implements, or utensils, of the pastor [probably a thing upon which he hangs his provision-bag &c.]. (Lh, TA.) مُعَلَّقٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, Hung, or suspended, &c.: see its verb. b2: Hence, المُعَلَّقَاتُ السَّبْعُ or السَّبْعُ المُعَلَّقَاتُ The seven suspended odes; accord. to several writers: two reasons for their being thus called are mentioned in the Mz (49th نوع); one, that “ they were selected from all the poetry, and written upon قَبَاطِىّ (pieces of fine white cloth of Egypt) with water-gold, and suspended upon the Kaabeh; ” the other, that “ when an ode was deemed excellent, the King used to say, ' Suspend ye for us this, ' that it might be in his repository: ”

that these odes were selected from all the poetry, and that any copies of them were suspended collectively upon the Kaabeh, has been sufficiently confuted in Nöldeke's “ Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Poesie der alten Araber,” pp. xvii. — xxiii.: it is not so unreasonable to suppose that they may have been suspended upon the Kaabeh singly, at different times, by their own authors or by admiring friends, and suffered to remain thus placarded for some days, perhaps during the period when the city was most thronged by pilgrims; but the latter of the two assertions in the Mz seems to be more probable. b3: Hence also مُعَلَّقُ القَوْسِ The appendage of the bow, by which it is suspended: see نِيَاطٌ and وَتَرٌ: and see also عِلَاقَةٌ.] b4: مُعَلَّقَةٌ applied to a woman means One whose husband has been lost [to her]: (S, TA:) or [left in suspense;] neither husbandless nor having a husband; (O;) [i. e.] whose husband does not act equitably with her nor release her, so that she is neither husbandless nor having a husband; (Az, TA;) or neither having a husband nor divorced. (Msb.) It occurs in the Kur iv. 128. (S, TA.) b5: And one says of a man when he does not decide, or determine upon, his affair, nor relinquish it, أَمْرُهُ مُعَلَّقٌ [His affair is left in suspense]. (Z, TA.) مِعْلَاقٌ The thing by means of which flesh-meat, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and other things, (Mgh, Msb,) or grapes, and the like, (S, O,) are suspended; (S, Mgh, O, Msb;) as also ↓ مُعْلُوقٌ: (S, O:) and anything by means of which a thing is suspended (S, O, K) is called its مِعْلَاق, (S, O,) or is called مِعْلَاق and ↓ مُعْلُوق, (K,) which latter is a word of a rare form: (TA:) and ↓ عِلَاقَةٌ likewise signifies the مِعْلَاق by means of which a vessel is suspended: (TA:) pl. of the first [and of the second] مَعَالِيقُ. (Mgh, Msb.) Also A stirrupleather: pl. as above. (MA.) And المِعْلَاقَانِ signifies مِعْلَاقَا الدَّلْوِ وَشِبْهِهَا [app. meaning The two suspensory cords of the leathern bucket and of the like thereof]. (IDrd, O, K: but the CK, for مِعْلَاقَا, has مِعْلَاقُ: and the O has وَمَا أَشْبَهَهَا in the place of وَشِبْهِهَا [which means the same].) b2: Also A thing suspended to a beast of burden; such as the قِرْبَة and the مِطْهَرَة and the قُمْقُمَة: pl. as above. (Mgh, Msb: but in the former, only the pl. of معلاق in this sense is mentioned.) b3: [And A pendant of a necklace and of an earring and the like; in which sense its pl. is expl. as follows:] the مَعَالِيق of necklaces (O, TA) and of [the ear-rings or ear-drops called] شُنُوف (TA) are what are put therein or thereto, [meaning suspended thereto,] of anything that is beautiful; (O, * TA;) and ↓ الأَعَالِيقُ, which has no sing., is like المَعَالِيقُ, each of them signifying what are suspended. (TA.) [See also شَنْفٌ.] b4: مِعْلَاقُ البَابِ [means A kind of latch, or sliding bolt;] a thing that is suspended, or attached, to the door, and is then pushed, whereupon it [i. e. the door] opens; different from the مِغْلَاق, with the pointed غ. (TA.) One says, مَا لِبَابِهِ مِغْلَاقٌ وَلَا مِعْلَاقٌ i. e. [There is not to his door] a thing that is opened with a key nor [a thing that is opened] without it. (A, TA.) b5: مِعْلَاقٌ also signifies The tongue (O, K) of a man: (O:) or an eloquent tongue. (TA.) b6: And رَجُلٌ ذُو مِعْلَاقٍ A man whose antagonist, when he clings to him, will not [be able to] free himself from him: (Mbr, Z, TA:) or a man vehement in altercation or dispute or litigation, (IDrd, S, O, K,) who clings to arguments, or pleas, (IDrd, O, K,) and supplies them; (IDrd, O;) and رَجُلٌ مِعْلَاقٌ signifies the same. (IDrd, O, K.) b7: And [the pl.] مَعَالِيقُ signifies A sort [or variety] of palm-trees. (IDrd, O, K.) مَعْلُوقٌ One to whose fauces leeches have clung (Lth, O, K) on the occasion of his drinking water; (Lth, O;) applied to a man and to a beast. (TA.) b2: And A suspended cluster, or bunch, of grapes or dates. (MA.) مُعْلُوقٌ: see مِعْلَاقٌ, first sentence, in two places.

مُعَالِقٌ: see عَلُوقٌ, latter half.

مُتَعَلَّقٌ: see عُلْقَةٌ, in two places: b2: and see also عُلُوقٌ.

مُتَعَلِّقَاتٌ: see تَعَلُّقَاتٌ. b2: لَيْسَ المُتَعَلِّقُ كَالمُتَأَنِّقِ means He who is content with what is little is not like him who seeks, pursues, or desires, the most pleasing of things, or who is dainty, (مَنْ يَتَأَنَّقُ,) and eats what he pleases. (S, O, K.) [See also مُتَأَنِّقٌ.]

عدل

1 عَدَلَ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. عَدْلٌ (S, * O, * Msb, K, * TA) and مَعْدِلَةٌ (S, * O, * Msb, K *) and مَعْدَلَةٌ (S, * Msb, K *) and عَدَالَةٌ and عُدُولَةٌ, (K, * TK,) He acted equitably, justly, or rightly. (S, O, Msb, K.) So in the phrase عَدَلَ فِى أَمْرِهِ, [He acted equitably, &c., in his affair,] inf. n. عَدْلٌ. (Msb.) And so in the phrase عَدَلَ عَلَيْهِ فِى القَضِيَّةِ [He acted equitably, &c., towards him in the judgment]: (S, O:) and عَدَلَ عَلَى القَوْمِ, [he acted equitably, &c., towards the people, or party,] inf. n. عَدْلٌ and مَعْدِلَةٌ and مَعْدَلَةٌ. (Msb.) لَنْ تَسْتَطِيعُوا أَنْ تَعْدِلُوا بَيْنَ النِّسَآءِ, [Ye will not be able to act with perfect equity between women], in the Kur [iv. 128], is said to mean, in respect of love, and of جِمَاع. (TA.) [See also عَدْلٌ below.] b2: وَإِنْ تَعْدِلْ كُلَّ عَدْلٍ, in the Kur [vi. 69], means and if it would ransom with every [degree of] ransoming: (T, S, O, Msb, TA:) AO used to say, and if it would act equitably with every [degree of] equitable acting; but Az says that this is a blunder. (TA.) [See, again, عَدْلٌ below.] b3: [عَدَلَ signifies also He declined, deviated, or turned aside or away; and particularly from the right course: thus having a meaning nearly agreeing with that assigned to عَدِلَ in the last sentence of this paragraph.] بَلْ هُمْ قَوْمٌ يَعْدِلُونَ, in the Kur [xxvii. 61], means [Nay but they are a people] who decline, or deviate, from the truth, and from the right course; i. e., who disbelieve. (O.) And one says, عَدَلَ عَنْهُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَدْلٌ and [more com-monly] عُدُولٌ, He declined, deviated, or turned aside or away, from him, or it. (K.) And عَدَلَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عُدُولٌ, (Msb,) He declined, &c., from the road, or way; (S, O, Msb;) as also عَنْهُ ↓ انعدل. (S, O, K. *) and عَدَلَ الطَّرِيقُ The road declined, or deflected. (K.) And عَدَلَ الفَحْلُ (S, O, K) عَنِ الإِبِلِ (S, O) The stallion left, left off, or desisted from, covering the she-camels; (S, O, K; *) and so عَنِ الضِّرَابِ ↓ انعدل. (TA.) [عَدَلَ الفَحْلَ see in what follows.] and عَدَلَ إِلَيْهِ, inf. n. عُدُولٌ, He returned to him, or it. (K.) A2: عَدَلَهُ: see 2, in two places. b2: عَدَلَ فُلَانًا بِفُلَانٍ He made such a one to be equal, or like, to such a one; (K;) [and] so به ↓ عادلهُ: (S:) or, accord. to some, العَدْلُ signifies the rating a thing as equal to a thing of another kind so as to make it like the latter. (TA.) One says, عَدَلْتُ هٰذَا بِهٰذَا I made this to be like and to stand in the stead of, this. (Msb.) And عَدَلَ بِرَبِّهِ, (El-Ahmar, TA,) aor. ـِ (S, O, TA,) inf. n. عَدْلٌ and عُدُولٌ, [غَيْرَهُ being understood,] He made another to be equal with his Lord, and worshipped him. (El-Ahmar, TA.) بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ, in the Kur [vi. 151, and accord. to some in vi. 1], means Attributing a copartner, or copartners, to their Lord. (O. [And the like is said in the S and Msb and TA.]) b3: عَدَلْتُ أَمْتِعَةَ البَيْتِ I made the goods, or furniture, of the house, or tent, into equal loads, [so as to counterbalance one another,] on the day of departure, or removal. (TA.) And بَيْنَ الشَّيْئَيْنِ ↓ عَادَلَ (S, O, TA) He made an equiponderance to subsist between the two things. (TA.) b4: فُلَانٌ يَعْدِلُ فُلَانًا Such a one is equal to such a one. (TA.) And يَعْدِلُهُ He, or it, is like him, or it. (Fr, S, O.) [Hence] one says, مَا يَعْدِلُكَ عِنْدَنَا شَىْءٌ Nothing stands with us in thy stead. (TA.) And عَدَلَهُ, aor. ـِ (K,) inf. n. عَدْلٌ, (TA,) It was, or became, equiponderant to it; as also ↓ عادلهُ, (K,) inf. n. مُعَادَلَةٌ. (TA.) And [hence] عَدَلَهُ فِى المَحْمِلِ, (K,) and ↓ عادلهُ, (TA,) He rode with him in the [vehicle called] محمل [so as to counterbalance him]. (K, TA.) b5: And عَدَلَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَدْلٌ, signifies also He turned a thing from its course, direction, or manner of being. (TA.) You say, عَدَلْتُ فُلَانًا عَنْ طَرِيقِهِ I turned such a one from his road, or way. (TA.) And لَا تُعْدَلُ سَارِحَتُكُمْ Your pasturing cattle shall not be turned away, nor prevented, from pasturing. (TA, from a trad.) And عَدَلَ الفَحْلَ (K, TA) عَنِ الضِّرَابِ (TA) He removed the stallion, or made him to withdraw [or desist], from covering. (K, TA.) And عَدَلْتُ الدَّابَّةَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا I turned the beast to such a place. (TA.) [See also two meanings assigned to this verb in the next paragraph, third sentence.]

A3: عَدُلَ, [aor. ـُ inf. n. عَدَالَةٌ (S, O, Msb) and عُدُولَةٌ, (Msb,) He (a man, S, O, i. e. a witness, Msb) was, or became, such as is termed عَدْل [q. v.]. (S, O, Msb.) A4: عَدِلَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عَدَلٌ, He acted wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically. (Msb.) 2 عدّلهُ, inf. n. تَعْدِيلٌ, i. q. أَقَامَهُ, (K,) meaning He made it to be conformable with that which is right; (TK;) namely, a judgment, or judicial decision. (K, TK.) b2: He made it straight, or even; namely, a thing; as, for instance, an arrow; (TA;) right, or in a right condition; direct, or rightly directed; (S, O, Msb, K, TA;) and so ↓ عَدَلَهُ. (O, K.) Hence, فَعَدَّلَكَ and ↓ فَعَدَلَكَ, accord. to different readers, in the Kur [lxxxii. 7, which I would rather render And hath made thee symmetrical]: (O:) or the latter means and hath turned thee from unbelief to belief; (IAar, O, TA;) or, accord. to Fr, and hath turned thee to whatever form He pleased, beautiful or ugly, tall or short: but Az says that the former reading was the more pleasing to Fr, and is the better. (TA.) b3: He made it equal; (Mgh, Msb, K, TA;) namely, a pair of scales, or a weight, (K, TA,) and a measure, &c. (TA.) Hence, قِسْمَةُ التَّعْدِيلِ i. e. The division of a thing [in an equal manner] with regard to the value and utility, not with regard to the quantity, so that the smaller portion may be equal to the larger portion in value and utility. (Msb.) Yousay, عَدَّلَ القَسَّامُ الأَنْصِبَآءَ لِلْقَسْمِ بَيْنَ الشُّرَكَآءِ i. e. [The divider of inheritances] made equal the shares [for distribution among the participators]. (TA.) b4: عدّل الشِّعْرَ He made the poetry, or verse, to be right in measure. (TA.) b5: تَعْدِيلُ

أَرْكَانِ الصَّلَاةِ means The making the limbs, or members, to be still, in the bowing of the head and body, and in the prostration, and in the standing between these two acts, and in the sitting between the two prostrations. (Mgh.) b6: عدّلهُ signifies also He attributed to him (i. e. a witness, Msb) what is termed عَدَالَة [inf. n. of عَدُلَ]; (O, Msb;) described him as possessing that quality; (Msb;) pronounced him to be veracious, and good, or righteous; (K;) pronounced him to be such as is termed عَدْل [q. v.]: (TA:) تَعْدِيلُ الشُّهُودِ is the pronouncing the witnesses to be عُدُول [pl. of عَدْلٌ]. (S.) b7: عدّل أَمْرَهُ: and عَدَّلْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا: see 3. b8: شَرِبَ حَتَّى عَدَّلَ He drank until he became full: (Aboo-'Adnán, O, TA:) or until his belly became like the [load called] عِدْل. (K.) 3 عَاْدَلَ see 1, in four places. One says, يُعَادِلُ فِى

الوَزْنِ [It is equal in weight; is equiponderant]. (IF, Msb.) And يُعَادِلُكَ فِى الوَزْنِ وَالقَدْرِ [He is equal to thee in weight and in size: as one who rides with thee in a مَحْمِل]. (S.) يُعَادِلُهُ فِى

القِيمَةِ وَالمَنْفَعَةِ [It is equal to it in value and utility]. (Msb.) b2: And عَادَلَهُمَا عَلَى نَاضِحٍ He bound them two upon the two sides of a camel [or of a camel used for carrying water for irrigation, so that they counterbalanced each other] like the [two loads called] عِدْلَانِ. (TA.) b3: And فُلَانٌ يُعَادِلُ أَمْرَهُ, and يُقَسِّمُهُ, (O, and so accord. to a copy of the S,) or عَدَالٌ, (so in another copy of the S,) inf. n. يُعَادِلُ هٰذَا الأَمْرَ, Such a one wavers, or vacillates, [in his case] between two affairs, hesitating which of them he shall do. (S, O.) And عادل أَمْرَهُ تَعْدِيلٌ He is in a state of entanglement in this affair, and does not execute it: (K:) he is in doubt respecting it. (TA.) And عادل أَمْرَهُ He paused [in his case], hesitating between two affairs, which he should do; as also ↓ عدّلهُ inf. n. تَعْدِيلٌ: and hence, in the trad. of the مِعْرَاج [or ladder by which Mohammad is related to have ascended from Jerusalem to Heaven], ↓ فَعَدَّلْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا [And I paused in hesitation between them two]; meaning that they were equal in his estimation, and he could not make choice of either of them. (TA.) And عَادَلْتُ بَيْنَ أَمْرَيْنِ أَيَّهُمَا

آتِى I wavered, or vacillated, between two affairs, hesitating which of them I should do. (TA.) المُعَادَلَةُ is The doubting respecting two affairs: and one says, أَنَا فِى عِدَالٍ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ I am in doubt respecting this affair, whether I should do it or leave it undone: (TA:) or العِدَالُ is the considering deliberately respecting the case of two affairs that have occurred to one, when one knows not to which of them he should betake himself. (IAar, K.) And The case of one person's saying

“ There is in it something remaining ” and another's saying “ There is not in it anything remaining. ” (S, O.) And one says, when he wavers, or vacillates, between two affairs, hesitating which of them he shall do, and then a right opinion occurs to him, and he determines upon that which is the more fit in his estimation, قَطَعْتُ العِدَالَ فِى أَمْرِى وَمَضَيْتُ عَلَى عَزْمِى [I cut short wavering in my affair, and executed my determination]. (TA.) b4: And عادل signifies also It became crooked, or bent. (K.) 5 تعدّل It became, or was rendered, straight, or even; syn. تَقَوَّمَ. (Msb in art. قوم.) b2: and تَعَدَّلَتْ قِيمَةُ المَتَاعِ بِكَذَا The value of the commodity was equal to such a thing; syn. قَامَ المَتَاعُ بِكَذَا. (Msb in art. قوم.) 6 تَعَادُلٌ The being, or becoming, equal. (Msb.) You say, تَعَادَلَا [They two became equal]. (M and K voce تَبَاوَآ, q. v., in art. بوأ.) b2: [Also The being, or becoming, intermediate in quality.]7 إِنْعَدَلَ see 1, former half, in two places.8 اعتدل It was, or became, right, or in a right condition; direct, or rightly directed; straight, or even; (S, O, Msb, TA;) equal; (as a pair of scales, or a weight, and a measure, &c.; TA;) equable, or uniform; (Msb, TA;) [symmetrical, proportionate,] suitable in itself [or in its parts]. (K.) The saying, cited by Sh, وَاعْتَدَلَتْ ذَاتُ السَّنَامِ الأَمْيَلِ means And she that had an inclining hump became straight [and erect] in her hump by reason of fatness. (TA.) And one says جَارِيَةٌ حَسَنَةُ الاِعْتِدَالِ A girl, or young woman, goodly in respect of stature [or proportion]. (A, TA.) And اعتدل الشِّعْرُ The poetry, or verse, was, or became, measured, and right in its feet. (TA.) b2: Also It was, or became, of a middling sort, in quantity, or quality; (K, TA;) as a body between tallness and shortness, and water between the hot and the cold; and [moderate, or temperate,] as a day of which the air is pleasant. (TA.) عَدْلٌ Equity, justice, or rectitude; contr. of جَوْرٌ; (S, O, Msb, K, TA;) i. e. i. q. قَصْدٌ, in affairs; (Msb;) and قِسْطٌ; (S, M, Mgh, &c., in art. قسط;) and سَوِيَّةٌ; (O, K;) and اِسْتِقَامَةٌ; (IAar, K;) and a thing that is established in the minds as being right; (K, TA;) as also ↓ مَعْدِلَةٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and ↓ مَعْدَلَةٌ (S, Msb, K) and ↓ عَدَالَةٌ and ↓ عُدُولَةٌ: (K:) or, as some say, it is the mean between excess and falling short: and Er-Rághib says, it is of two sorts: one is absolute, such that reason requires the inference of its goodness; and this will not at any time be abrogated, nor described as a mode of transgression; as the doing good to him who does good to thee, and the abstaining from harming him who abstains from harming thee: and the other is such as is known to be عَدْل by the law; and this may be abrogated sometimes; as retaliation, and fines for wounds and maimings, and the taking the property of the apostate; and this is what is meant by the saying in the Kur [xvi. 92], إِنَّ اللّٰهَ يَأْمُرُ بِالْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ i. e. [Verily God commandeth] equality in recompensing, if good, with good, and if evil, with evil, and the requiting of good with more good, and of evil with less evil: [see also 4 in art. حسن:] and he says of ↓ عَدَالَةٌ and ↓ مَعْدِلَةٌ, that each is a term requiring the inference of equality, and is used with a regard to correlation. (TA.) One says, بَسَطَ الوَالِى عَدْلَهُ and ↓ مَعْدِلَتَهُ (S, O) and ↓ مَعْدَلَتَهُ (S) [The governor, or ruler, largely extended his equity, or justice]. And ↓ فُلَانٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ المَعْدَلَةِ, (S,) or ↓ المَعْدِلَةِ, (O,) i. e. من اهل العَدْلِ [Such a one is of the people of equity, &c.]. (S, O.) وَأَشْهِدُوا ذَوَىْ عَدْلٍ مِنْكُمْ, in the Kur [lxv. 2], is said by Sa'eed Ibn-El-Museiyib to mean ذَوَىْ عَقْلٍ [i. e. And make ye to be witnesses two persons of intelligence from among you: but this rendering I think questionable]. (TA.) b2: Also Repayment, requital, compensation, or recompense. (K.) b3: And Ransom, (S, O, Msb, K, TA,) when regard is had therein to the meaning of equality, or equivalence. (TA.) This is [said to be] the meaning in the phrase of the Kur [v. 96], أَوْ عَدْلُ ذٰلِكَ صِيَامًا [Or the ransom thereof by fasting: but this is generally expl. as meaning or the like thereof of fasting; (see عِدْلٌ;) i. e., in lieu of feeding a number of poor men, one shall fast the like number of days]. (S, O.) And so [accord. to some] in the saying, occurring in a trad., لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ صَرْفٌ وَلَا عَدْلٌ [of which see various explanations (including three renderings here following) in art. صرف]. (O, Msb.) b4: And Measure; syn. كَيْلٌ. (K.) So in the phrase أَعْطَاهُ بِالعَدْلِ [He gave him by measure]. (TK.) b5: And An obligatory act or divine ordinance. (En-Nadr, O, K.) b6: And A supererogatory act. (O, K.) A2: Also One who acts equitably, justly, or rightly; and so ↓ عَادِلٌ: (K, TA:) or the latter signifies thus: (S, O:) and the former [particularly] signifies a man approved and satisfactory in testimony; originally an inf. n.; (S, O, TA;) whose testimony is approved and available; (Msb;) a man whose testimony is allowable, or legally admissible, as also ↓ عَادِلٌ; a man whose saying, and whose judgment, or judicial decision, are approved; and, accord. to Ibráheem, one from whom a thing occasioning doubt, or suspicion, or evil opinion, has not appeared: being originally an inf. n., it means ذُو عَدْلٍ: or, accord. to IJ, it is an intensive epithet, as though meaning possessing every kind of عَدْل: (TA:) one says رَجُلٌ عَدْلٌ, (S, O, Msb, * K,) and اِمْرَأَةٌ عَدْلٌ and عَدْلَةٌ, (Msb, K,) the latter mentioned by IJ, (TA,) and رَجُلَانِ عَدْلٌ and عَدْلَانِ, (Msb, * TA,) and قَوْمٌ عَدْلٌ (S, O, Msb, * K) and نِسْوَةٌ عَدْلٌ (TA) and قَوْمٌ عُدُولٌ, (S, O, Msb, * K,) عُدُولٌ being pl. of عَدْلٌ, (S, O, Msb,) or of عَادِلٌ, (K,) and عَدْلٌ used in a pl. sense being a quasi-pl. n. of عَادِلٌ, (M, K,) like تَجْرٌ [of تَاجِرٌ] and شَرْبٌ [of شَارِبٌ]; (M, TA;) or رِجَالٌ عَدْلٌ and نِسْوَةٌ عَدْلٌ mean رِجَالٌ ذَوُو عَدْلٍ and نِسْوَانٌ ذَوَاتُ عَدْلٍ. (TA.) b2: العَدْلُ as one of the names of God means He whom desire does not cause to incline, or decline, so that he should deviate from the right course in judgment. (TA.) b3: And one says, هٰذَا عَدْلٌ بَيْنَهُمَا, meaning This is intermediate in quality between them two, not in the utmost degree of goodness nor in the extreme degree of badness. (Mgh.) And مَكَانٌ عَدْلٌ بَيْنَ فَرِيقَيْنِ [A place equidistant, or midway, between two parties]. (S in art. سوى.) b4: See also عِدْلٌ, throughout the greater part of the paragraph.

A3: عَدْلٌ is also the name of a certain chief of the [body of armed men called] شُرَط, (S, O,) or شُرْطَة, (K,) of a تُبَّع [or King of El-Yemen], who, when he desired the slaughter of a man, delivered him to this person; (S, O, K;) whereupon the people said, وُضِعَ عَلَى

يَدَىْ عَدْلٍ [He has been consigned to the hands of 'Adl]; (S, O;) and this was afterwards said of anything of which one despaired. (S, O, K.) [Meyd mentions عَلَى يَدَىْ عَدْلٍ, as a prov., without وُضِعَ: see Freytag's Arab. Prov. ii. 80.]

عِدْلٌ The like (IAar, Zj, O, K) of a thing; (IAar, O;) as also ↓ عَدْلٌ; syn. مِثْلٌ; (IAar, Zj, O, K;) and نَظِيرٌ [which signifies the same, or the equal]; and so ↓ عَدِيلٌ: (K:) or, accord. to Er-Rághib, ↓ عَدْلٌ and عِدْلٌ are nearly the same; but the former is used in relation to what is perceived mentally, as in the phrase of the Kur [v. 96], أَوْ عَدْلُ ذٰلِكَ صِيَامًا [mentioned voce عَدْلٌ]; and عِدْلٌ and ↓ عَدِيلٌ, in relation to what is perceived by the sense, as things weighed and things numbered and things measured: Ibn-'Ámir, however, read او عِدْلُ ذلك; and Ks and the people of El-Medeeneh, with fet-h [i. e. عَدْلُ]: (TA:) or عِدْلُ الشَّىْءِ, with kesr, signifies the like of the thing in kind, (Mgh, Msb,) or in quantity, or measure, or the like, (Msb,) or also in quantity, or measure, or the like, (Mgh,) and IF says, in weight; (Msb;) and ↓ عَدْلُهُ, with fet-h, (Mgh, Msb,) its like, (Mgh,) or what will stand in its stead, (Msb,) of a thing different in kind, (Mgh, Msb;) whence the phrase of the Kur أَوْ عَدْلُ ذٰلِكَ صِيَامًا [mentioned above]; عَدْل being originally an inf. n.: (Msb:) Akh says, العِدْلُ, with kesr, signifies المِثْلُ; and ↓ العَدْلُ, with fet-h, is originally an inf. n., but is made a subst. to denote المِثْلُ in order to distinguish it from the عِدْل of goods or commodities [which will be expl. in what follows]: Fr says, العِدْلُ, with kesr, is the like (المِثْلُ), as in the saying عِنْدِى عِدْلُ غُلَامِكَ [I have the like of thy boy or young man] and عِدْلُ شَاتِكَ [the like of thy sheep or goat]; but you say ↓ العَدْلُ, with nasb [i. e. fet-h] to the ع, when you mean the [equal in] value, of what is different in kind; though sometimes it is pronounced with kesr by some of the Arabs, app. by an error on their part: (S, O:) or some allow one's saying عِنْدِى عِدْلُ غُلَامِكَ as meaning I have the like of thy boy or young man, [and app. ↓ عَدْلُهُ also,] and عَدْلُهُ with fet-h only as meaning his value: (TA:) but Zj says that العَدْلُ and العِدْلُ both signify the like, whether it be of the same kind or of a different kind; and if one make a mistake, he should not say that some of the Arabs have erred: (O:) the pl. (S, O, K) of عِدْلٌ, by common consent, (S, O,) is أَعْدَالٌ, (S, O, K,) and [that of ↓ عَدِيلٌ is] عُدَلَآءُ. (K.) b2: Also The half of a load, (K, TA,) such as is on either of the two sides of the camel; (TA;) or a burden [borne on one side of a beast, counterbalancing another on the other side, or] made equiponderant to another burden: (Az, TA:) pl. [of pauc.] أَعْدَالٌ and [of mult.] عُدُولٌ: (Sb, K:) and ↓ عَدِيلٌ signifies the equal of a person in weight and measure or size or the like (S, K, * TA) in the [vehicle called] مَحْمِل: (TA:) Sb says that it signifies a human being that is the equal of another [in weight]; distinguishing it from عِدْلٌ, which, he says, is applied only to goods, or commodities: (IB, TA:) [but] ↓ عَدِيلَتَانِ signifies two sacks (غِرَارَتَانِ); because each counter balances, or is equiponderant to, the other. (TA.) Hence one says of the عُدُول of an evil judicial decision, مَا هُمْ عُدُولٌ وَلٰكِنْ عُدُولٌ [meaning They are not witnesses whose testimony is approvable, but equalized loads of merchandise]. (TA.) And [hence also] one says, وَقَعَ المُصْطَرِعَانِ عِدْلَىْ بَعِيرٍ, meaning The two [men wrestling] fell together, neither of them having thrown down the other. (TA. [See also عِكْمٌ.]) عَدَلٌ The equalizing of the [two burdens, or half-loads, called] عِدْلَانِ. (IAar, O, K.) عَدَلَةٌ: see what next follows, in two places.

عُدَلَةٌ Men who pronounce witnesses to be veracious, and good, or righteous; (Az, IAar, O, K, * TA;) as also ↓ عَدَلَةٌ; (K;) and the former is also applied to a man who does so: (Az, O, TA: *) or the former is applied to a single per-son, and ↓ عَدَلَةٌ is applied to a pl. number. (AA, K, TA.) عَدِيلٌ: see عِدْلٌ, in four places.

عَدَالَةٌ: see عَدْلٌ, in two places. It is an inf. n. of عَدُلَ (S, O, Msb) said of a witness; like ↓ عُدُولَةٌ: and signifies The quality of a witness such as is termed عَدْلٌ [q. v.]: it is expl. as being a quality the regard of which necessitates the guarding against what falls short of the requirements of manly virtue or moral goodness, habitually and evidently; which evident falling short thereof is not effected by small instances of lapses or falls into wrongdoing, and by perversion of speech, because mistake and forgetfulness are supposable [as the causes thereof], and interpretation not according to the obvious meaning; but it is when such is the known and repeated practice of the person: regard is to be had to the goodness, or honesty, of every individual, and his usual practice in respect of his apparel, and his dealing in selling and buying, and the conveyance of goods, and other things; and when he does that which is not suitable to him, without necessity, his testimony is impugned; otherwise it is not. (Msb.) عُدُولَةٌ: see عَدْلٌ, first sentence: and عَدَالَةٌ.

عَدِيلَتَانِ: see عِدْلٌ, last quarter.

عَدَوْلَى An old, tall tree: (K:) or ↓ شَجَرٌ عَدَوْلِىٌّ signifies old trees; one of which is termed عَدَوْلِيَّةٌ: or, accord. to AHn, ↓ عَدَوْلِىٌّ signifies anything old. (TA.) A2: See also the next following paragraph.

عَدَوْلِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

A2: Also, thus correctly, as in the S, (TA, [and thus, app., accord. to the K, though this is thought by SM, and not altogether without reason, to require by its context the reading of ↓ عَدَوْلَى, as does, app., the O,]) A seaman, or mariner. (S, O, K, TA.) b2: And pl. [app. a mistake for n. un.] of عَدَوْلِيَّةٌ, (K,) which latter means Certain ships or boats, (O, K, TA,) or a [sort of] ship or boat, (S,) or it is an epithet applied to certain ships or boats, (EM p. 58,) so called as being of عَدَوْلَى, (S, O, * K, TA,) meaning a city of El-Bahreyn, (S, O, * TA,) not meaning, as would be imagined from the context in the K, the tree [said to be] thus called; (TA;) mentioned in the poetry of Tarafeh, (S, O, TA,) in the fourth verse of his Mo'allakah, (O, TA,) and thus expl. by As: (TA:) or meaning old; or large: (O, TA:) or so called as being of a place named عَدَوْلَاة, of the measure فَعَوْلَاة: (TA:) or of عَدَوْل, a man who used to construct ships or boats: or of a people who used to alight and abide in Hejer. (O, K.) عَادِلٌ: see عَدْلٌ, latter half, in two places. b2: Also An attributer of a copartner, or of copartners, to God. (S, TA.) A woman is related to have said to El-Hajjáj, يَا قَاسِطُ يَا عَادِلُ; [by which she meant O deviater from the right course; O attributer of a copartner, or of copartners, to God;] (S, * O;) whereupon, the people thinking that she was commending him, he said that by her saying يا قاسط, she referred to the words of the Kur [lxxii. 15] أَمَّا الْقَاسِطُونَ فَكَانُوا لِجَهَنَّمَ حَطَبًا [expl. voce قَاسِطٌ; and by her saying يا عادل, to the words in the same [vi. 151] وَهُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يَعْدِلُونَ [expl. above, see 1]. (O.) مَعْدِلٌ A place of turning away or back; as also ↓ مَعْدُولٌ: so in the saying, مَا لَهُ مَعْدِلٌ and ↓ مَعْدُولٌ [There is for him no place of turning away or back]: (K:) pl. مَعَادِلُ: Aboo-Khirásh says, تَضِيقُ عَلَىَّ الأَرْضُ ذَاتُ المَعَادِلِ meaning [The earth having those ways in which one may turn in various directions becomes strait to me; or] having such amplitude that by reason thereof one may turn in it to the right and left. (TA.) b2: And A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like: thus in the saying أَخَذَ فِى مَعْدِلِ الحَقِّ [He took to the right way of acting], and مَعْدِلِ البَاطِلِ [the false, or wrong, way of acting]: and in like manner one says, اُنْظُرُوا إِلَى سُوْءِ مَعَادِلِهِ Look ye at his evil ways of acting: and هُوَ سَدِيدُ المَعَادِلِ [He is one who takes a right direction in respect of the ways of acting]. (TA.) مَعْدَلَةٌ: see عَدْلٌ, former half, in seven places.

مُعَدَّلٌ Anything straightened, or made even: (S, O, K:) [&c.: see its verb.] b2: الكُرُّ المُعَدَّلُ see in art. كر.

مُعَدَّلَاتٌ The angles, or corners, of a house or chamber. (IAar, O, K.) مَعْدُولٌ: see مَعْدِلٌ, in two places.

مُعْتَدِل [Right, or having a right direction; straight, or even; equal; equable, or uniform; symmetrical, proportionate; suitable in itself or in its parts: see its verb]. مُعْتَدِلَةٌ applied to a she-camel means Whose limbs, or members, are rendered even, one with another, (Lth, Az, TA,) including her hump and other parts; as is the case when she becomes fat: erroneously said by Sh, on the authority of Mohárib, to be مُعَنْدَلَة, belonging to art. عندل. (Az, TA.) b2: And Of a middling sort, in quantity, or quality; as a body between tallness and shortness, and water between the hot and the cold; and [moderate, or temperate,] as a day of which the air is pleasant; contr. of مُعْتَذِلٌ, with the pointed ذ. (TA.) فَرَسٌ مُعْتَدِلُ الفرقِ [app. الفَرْقِ] means A horse whose غُرَّة [or blaze] occupies the middle of his forehead, not reaching to one of the eyes nor inclining upon one of the cheeks. (AO, TA.) أَيَّامٌ مُعْتَدِلَاتٌ signifies [Days moderate in temperature; or] pleasant, not hot, days. (TA.) and المُعْتَدِلَاتُ is applied to Forty nights of varying, or alternating, heat and cold, commencing from the [auroral] rising of Suheyl [or Canopus, which, in Central Arabia, at the commencement of the era of the Flight, was about the 4th of August, O. S.]: (Az, TA in art. صفر: see صَفَرِىٌّ:) or the days of heat known by the appel-lation of وَقَدَاتُ سُهَيْلٍ [the most vehement heats of Canopus]; as also المُعْتَذِلَاتُ [q. v.]. (El-Hareeree's Durrat-el-Ghowwás, in De Sacy's Anthol. Gramm. Arabe, p. 37 of the Arabic text.)

عسل

1 عَسَلَ الطَّعَامَ, aor. ـُ and عَسِلَ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. عَسْلٌ, (TA,) He made, or prepared, the food with عَسَل [i. e. honey]: (S, O:) or, as also ↓ عسّلهُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. تَعْسِيلٌ, (TA,) he mixed the food with honey, (K, TA,) and made it pleasant and sweet. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] عَسَلَهُ (tropical:) He made him an object of eulogy. (IAar, K, TA.) And (tropical:) He (i. e. God) made him an object of love to men. (K, TA.) Accord. to an explanation by the Prophet, of a saying of his in which it occurs, (tropical:) He (i. e. God) granted him, or permitted him, (O, TA,) i. e. disposed him, (TA,) to do a good deed, before his death, so that those around him were pleased with him, and eulogized him; the good deed being likened to honey. (O, TA.) b3: And He fed him with honey. (TA.) See also 2. b4: The inf. n. عَسْلٌ also signifies The extracting honey from a bee-hive. (KL.) b5: And عَسَلَ المَرْأَةَ, aor. ـِ (K, TA,) inf. n. عَسْلٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He compressed the woman: (K, TA:) the verb in this sense may be derived from a phrase mentioned voce عُسَيْلَةٌ, or it may be a word independently coined: ISd says, “In my opinion it is derived. ” (TA.) b6: عَسَلَ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ, inf. n. عَسَلٌ, [in form] like حَلَبَ, inf. n. حَلَبٌ, He tasted his food. (AA, O, K.) A2: عَسَلَ, said of a spear, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَسَلَانٌ (S, O, K) and عَسْلٌ [correctly عَسَلٌ] and عُسُولٌ, (K,) It quivered: (S, K:) or quivered much. (K. [In the CK, عَسْلًا and عَسْلانًا are put for عَسَلًا and عَسَلَانًا.]) b2: And عَسَلَ said of water, inf. n. عَسَلٌ and عَسَلَانٌ, (K, TA,) both with fet-h to the س, (TA, [but the former in the CK is with the س quiescent,]) It became agitated (K, TA) and rippled, (TA,) being put in a state of commotion by the wind. (K, TA.) b3: And عَسَلَ said of a wolf, (S, O, K,) or of a horse, (K,) or of a fox, (TA,) inf. n. عَسَلٌ and عَسَلَانٌ, (S, O, K, TA, [but both in the CK with the س quiescent,]) He went the pace termed عَنَق, or خَبَب, [i. e., with wide steps,] and quickly: and in like manner said of a man: (S, O:) or he was in a state of agitation in his running, and shook his head, (K, TA,) going along quickly: (TA:) or عَسَلَانٌ signifies the shaking of the limbs in running; and is mostly used in relation to the wolf: (Er-Rághib, TA:) and, as some say, عَسَلُ الفَرَسِ and عَسَلَانُهُ signify the horse's being vehement, or ardent, (أَنْ يَضْطَرِمَ,) in his running, bending down his head, and having his back even: and عَسَلَ الطَّرِيقَ, said of a fox, occurs in a verse of Sá'ideh Ibn-Ju-eiyeh, for عَسَلَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ [app. a mistranscription for عسل فِى الطريق], like the phrase دَخَلْتُ البَيْتَ [ for دخلت فِى البَيْتِ]. (TA. [See what next follows.]) One says also, of a guide, عَسَلَ بِالْمَفَازَةِ, (K, TA,) or فِى الطَّرِيقِ, (Ham p. 353,) He went quickly, (K,) or went with wide steps, like the wolf, (TA,) [in the desert, or waterless desert, or in the way].

كَذَبَ عَلَيْكَ العَسَلُ (S, K) and العَسَلَ, (K,) occurring in a trad., means Keep thou to going along quickly; (S, K, TA;) from العَسَلَانُ signifying the going along of the wolf and the quivering of the spear: or, as some say, by العَسَلُ is here meant عَسَلُ النَّحْلِ [the honey of bees]. (TA. See also art. كذب.) A3: عَسِلَ بِالشَّىْءِ, (O, TA,) with kesr [to the س], (O,) like عَلِمَ, (TA,) or عَسَلَ بالشّىء, (so in two copies of the S, [in one of my copies of the S omitted,]) inf. n. عَسَلٌ, with fet-h to the س, (O,) or عُسُولٌ (S, TA) and عَسْلٌ, (TA,) He kept, or clave, to the thing. (S, O, TA.) 2 عسّل الطَّعَامَ, inf. n. تَعْسِيلٌ: see 1, first sentence. b2: عَسَّلْتُهُمْ, (S, O, K,) inf. n. as above, (S, O,) I furnished them with عَسَل [i. e. honey] for travelling-provision; (S, O, K;) as also ↓ عَسَلْتُهُمْ. (K.) b3: And عسّل الرَّجُلَ, inf. n. as above, He made the man's condiment to be عَسَل [or honey]. (TA.) b4: And the Arabs say, عَسِّلُوا ضَيْفَكُمْ, meaning Divert ye your guest with something [whereby to allay the craving of his stomach] before the [morning-meal called] غَدَآء; like لَمِّجُوهُ and لَهِّجُوهُ &c. (El-Umawee, TA in art. لهج.) b5: And عَسَّلَتِ النَّحْلُ The bees made honey. (TA.) b6: [And, accord. to Freytag, عسّل signifies He collected honey: but for this he names no authority.]10 استعسلوا They sought, or demanded, or asked for, عَسَل [i. e. honey], (S, O, K,) as a gift. (K.) عَسْلٌ: see عَنْسَلٌ, below.

A2: عَسْلًا لَهُ meansتَعْسًا لَهُ [i. e. May he stumble and fall; &c.; (see art. تعس;) عَسْلًا being app. an inf. n., of which, in this sense, the verb is not mentioned]: (O, K:) [or may he be reviled; for] it is said that العَسْلُ signifies the reviling in blaming. (TA.) عِسْلُ مَالٍ (O, K) and مَالٍ ↓ عَسِيلُ (O) i. q. إِزَاؤُهُ, (O, K, TA,) i. e. A good manager and pastor of cattle, or camels &c.: the pl. of عِسْلٌ is أَعْسَالٌ. (TA.) b2: And هٰذَا عِسْلُ هٰذَا means This is the like of this: and so عِسْنُهُ. (O.) عَسَلٌ [Honey;] the fluid that is discharged from the mouths of bees, (K, TA,) when they have eaten, of the flowers and the leaves, what fills their bellies, these substances being then converted by God, within their bellies, into عَسَل, which they eject from their mouths: (TA: [in which, and in the K, several other explanations are added, too fanciful to deserve notice:]) the word is mase. and fem.; (S, O, Msb, K;) in most instances fem.: (S, O, Msb:) عَسَلَةٌ signifies a portion, or somewhat, thereof; (S, Mgh, O, TA;) being the n. un.: (TA:) the dim. is ↓ عُسَيْلَةٌ, with ة, because عَسَلٌ is mostly fem., or as meaning عَسَلَةٌ; (S, O, Msb;) or it is the dim. of عَسَلَةٌ: (Mgh:) the pl. of عَسَلٌ is أَعْسَالٌ [a pl. of pauc.] and عُسُلٌ and عُسْلٌ and عُسُولٌ and عُسْلَانٌ; (AHn, K;) and these pls. are used when one means sorts of عَسَل. (AHn, TA.) b2: [It is also used tropically for نَوْرٌ, i. e. (assumed tropical:) Flowers, or blossoms; because honey is made therefrom. (See جَرَسَ.) b3: And it is applied also to (assumed tropical:) The sweet, thick, inspissated, or melligenous, juice of fruit:] and it signifies [particularly] (assumed tropical:) the juice that flows from fresh ripe dates; (O, K, * TA;) because of its sweetness. (O.) [See also دِبْسٌ.] b4: Also (assumed tropical:) The gum of the [species of mimosa called] عُرْفُط [q. v.]; (O, K;) because of its sweetness. (O.) And عَسَلُ اللُّبْنَى is (assumed tropical:) The gum that flows from the species of tree called اللُّبْنَى, having no sweetness; (O;) a thing [or substance], (M, TA,) or a certain odoriferous substance, (K,) that exudes from the species of tree above mentioned, (M, K, * TA,) i. e. المَيْعَةُ [generally applied to storax, or styrax], (TA in art. لبن,) used for fumigation, and called by the vulgar حَصَى لُبَانٍ. (K. [See art. حصو and حصى.]) And عَسَلُ الرِّمْثِ is A white thing [or substance, a species of manna,] that comes forth from the [shrub called] رِمْث, [q. v.], resembling جُمَان [i. e. pearls, or silver beads like pearls]. (K, * TA.) b5: Also (assumed tropical:) A good, or righteous, deed, the eulogy for which is deemed sweet. (Az, O.) See عَاسِلٌ.

A2: And The حَبَاب [app. as meaning ripples] of running water, (IAar, O, K,) [arising] from the blowing of the wind. (IAar, O.) b2: [In one place in the CK, العَسَلُ is erroneously put for العَسْلُ: see عَنْسَلٌ, below.]

عَسِلٌ, (S, O, TA,) in the K erroneously said to be like أَمِيرٌ, i. e. ↓ عَسِيلٌ, (TA,) applied to a man, (K,) Vehement in beating, (S, O, K,) quick in the raising, (سَرِيعُ رَفْعِ, O, and so in copies of the S,) or in the falling, (وَقْعِ, so in a copy of the S,) or in the returning, (رَجْعِ, so in the K,) of the hand, or arm, (S, O, K,) with the beating. (TA.) أَبُو عِسْلَةَ: see عَاسِلٌ.

عَسَلَةٌ n. un. of عَسَلٌ [q. v.]. b2: [مَضْرِبُ عَسَلَةٍ is a euphemism for (assumed tropical:) The place of injection of sperma: and hence it means (assumed tropical:) the source from which one springs; origin; ancestry, or parentage; &c.] One says, مَا لِفُلَانٍ مَضْرِبُ عَسَلَةٍ i. e. (assumed tropical:) [Such a one has no source] of kindred (نَسَب), (S, O,) nor of cattle or property (مَال). (S in art. ضرب.) And مَا أَعْرِفُ لَهُ مَضْرِبَ عَسَلَةٍ meaning أَعْرَاقَهُ [i. e. (assumed tropical:) I know not the sources (or the source) from which he has sprung; or his ancestry, or parentage]: (S, O, * K:) or (tropical:) his origin, and any wife from whom he has sprung. (A, TA.) and مَا تَرَكَ لَهُ مَضْرِبَ عَسَلَةٍ (tropical:) He reviled him so that he demolished his parentage, and denied his origin, or rank or quality. (Z, TA.) And كُلُّ ضَرْبَةٍ

لَهَا مِنْ عَسَلَةٍ, said respecting his mother by an Arab of the desert, meaning (tropical:) Every child that she has brought forth is from a manly sire. (A, TA.) And عَلِمَ فُلَانٌ عَسَلَةَ بَنِى فُلَانٍ (assumed tropical:) Such a one knew the whole company, and case, or condition, [or origin,] of the sons of such a one. (O.) عَسَلِىٌّ A thing of the colour of عَسَل [i. e. honey]. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] عَسَلِىُّ اليَهُودِ The distinctive mark, or sign, [which has sometimes been a honey-coloured turban, at other times a girdle, or some other article of attire, of the same colour,] of the Jews. (S, Mgh, O, K.) عَسُولٌ: see عَاسِلٌ: A2: and see also عَسَّالٌ.

عَسِيلٌ The broom, or implement for sweeping, of the seller of perfumes, (S, O, K, * TA, كَمِكْنَسَةِ in the K being a mistake for مِكْنَسَةُ, TA,) with which he gathers together the perfume; (S, O, TA;) it is a hair-broom, with which he sweeps up the perfume from his paved floor: (TA:) or a feather with which [the compound of perfumes called] غَالِيَة is detached, or displaced: (Fr, IAar, O, K:) pl. عُسُلٌ. (TA.) A poet says, فَرِشْنِى بِخَيْرٍ لَا أَكُونَنْ وَمِدْحَتِى

كَنَاحِتِ يَوْمًا صَخْرَةٍ بِعَسِيلِ [Then amend thou my condition by means of wealth: I will assuredly not be, with my mode of praising, like a hewer, one day, of a rock with a hair-broom, or a feather, of a seller of perfumes]: he means, كَنَاحِتِ صَخْرَةٍ يَوْمًا, this last word intervening between the prefixed noun and its complement because the noun of time is held by them to be like what is redundant. (S, O, TA. [One of my copies of the S has أَكُونًا; the O, اَكُونَا: and each of my copies of the S has صَخْرَةً; and one of them, يَوْمٍ.]) b2: And The pizzle of an elephant, (S, O, K,) and of a camel: pl. as above. (K.) b3: See also عِسْلُ مَالٍ. b4: And see عَسِلٌ.

عُسَيْلَةٌ dim. of عَسَلٌ, q. v.: or of its n. un. b2: [Hence,] (tropical:) i. q. نُطْفَةٌ [i. e. The sperma of a man and of a woman]: or the مَآء [meaning sperma] of a man. (K, TA.) b3: And (tropical:) The deliciousness, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) or sweetness, (Mgh, K, TA,) of جِمَاع; as being likened to عَسَل [i. e. honey]. (S, O, Msb, K, TA.) Thus, (Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) or as expl. in the next preceding sentence, (TA,) in the saying of the Prophet to a woman who desired to be divorced from a husband in order that she might return to a former husband, لَا حَتَّى تَذُوقِى عُسَيْلَتَهُ وَيَذُوقَ عُسَيْلَتَكِ. (Mgh, O, Msb, TA. [See 1 in art. ذوقَ.]) b4: And العُسَيْلَتَانِ signifies العُضْوَانِ [meaning The male and female genital organs]; because means of experiencing delight. (Z, TA.) عَسَّالٌ: see عَاسِلٌ.

A2: Also, (S, O, Msb, K,) and ↓ عَاسِلٌ, (Msb, K,) and ↓ عَسُولٌ, (K,) A spear that quivers, (S, O, Msb,) by reason of pliableness: (Msb:) or [so the second, but the first and last,] a spear that quivers much. (K.) And رِمَاحٌ عَسَّالَةٌ [Spears that quiver much]. (A in art. زعب.) b2: See, again, عَاسِلٌ.

عَسَّالَةٌ [as a subst.] Bees. (S, O, K.) b2: and The شُورَة of bees; (K, TA;) i. e. the thing, such as a رَاقُود [q. v.] &c., in which bees make honey. (TA.) [See also مَعْسَلَةٌ.]

عَاسِلٌ A gatherer of honey (S, O, K) from the hive (S, O) or from its place; as also ↓ عَسَّالٌ. (K.) [And نَحْلٌ عَوَاسِلُ Bees occupied in gathering honey: see a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb cited in art. خلف, conj. 3.] b2: Also, as a possessive epithet, A place in which is honey. (TA.) One says خَلِيَّةٌ عَاسِلَةٌ (S, O, TA) A hive containing honey. (TA.) b3: Also an epithet applied to a man, (O, K,) said by Az to be as though it were for ↓ ذُو عَسَلٍ, (O,) meaning (assumed tropical:) Having a good, or righteous, deed attributable to him, for which the eulogy of him is deemed sweet: (Az, O, K:) and (O, K) accord. to IAar, (O,) a good, or righteous, man; as also ↓ عَسُولٌ; (O, K;) the former said by him to be an instance of the measure فَاعِلٌ in the sense of مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ [as meaning (assumed tropical:) made an object of eulogy: see 1, second sentence]: (O:) pl. of both عُسُلٌ, (O, K,) accord. to him. (O.) A2: See also عَسَّالٌ. b2: العَاسِلُ also signifies The wolf; [because of his manner of running; (see 1, latter half;)] (S, O, K;) and so ↓ العَسَّالُ; (TA;) and ↓ أَبُو عِسْلَةَ (O, K) and ابو غِسْلَةَ, with ع and غ: (O:) pl. of the first عُسَّلٌ and عَوَاسِلُ (S, O, K) [and عَاسِلَاتٌ is mentioned by Freytag as signifying wolves from the Deewán of the Hudhalees].

عَنْسَلٌ A swift she-camel; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَسْلٌ: (K, TA: [العَسَلُ in the CK, as syn. with العَنْسَلُ, is a mistranscription:]) the ن in the former is augmentative; (IJ, S, TA;) for, as Sb says, the word is of the measure فَنْعَلٌ from [the inf. n.] العَسَلَانُ; not, as Mohammad Ibn-Habeeb asserts it to be, syn. with عَنْسٌ, and of the measure فَعْلَلٌ, with the ل augmentative. (IJ, TA.) أَعْسَال i. q. [آسَال and] آسَان: so in the saying هُوَ عَلَى أَعْسَالٍ مِنْ أَبِيهِ [He is of a semblance and of characteristics and natural dispositions which are those of his father]. O, K.) تَعْسِيلَةٌ A light sleep: but this is a vulgar [postclassical] word. (TA.) مَعْسَلَةٌ i. q. خَلِيَّةٌ [q. v., i. e. The habitation of bees, whether it be a manufactured hive or a hollow in the trunk of a tree or in a rock, in which they deposit their honey]. (K.) [See also عَسَّالَةٌ.]

مُعَسَّلٌ Made [or preserved] with عَسَل [i. e. honey]: applied as an epithet in this sense to رَنْجَبِيل [or ginger]. (S, TA.) حَدِيثٌ مَعْسُولٌ (assumed tropical:) Sweet [or (as we say) honeyed] talk or discourse. (TA.) And جَارِيَةٌ مَعْسُولَةُ الكَلَامِ (assumed tropical:) A girl, or young woman, sweet in speech, beautiful in expression, pleasing in the modulation of the voice. (TA.) And مَعْسُولُ المَوَاعِيدِ (assumed tropical:) Veracious, or faithful, in promises. (TA.)

عول

1 عَالَ عِيَالَهُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K, TA,) aor. ـُ (S, O, Msb,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and عِيَالَةٌ (S, O, K) and عُوُولٌ; (K;) He fed, nourished, or sustained, his family, or household, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, * K, [in the Msb, اليَتِيمَ, the orphan,]) and expended upon them: (S, Mgh, O:) or he supplied them with what they needed of food and clothing and other things: (TA:) and ↓ أَعَالَهُمْ and ↓ عَيَّلَهُمْ signify the same. (K.) One says, عُلْتُهُ شَهْرًا I supplied him with his means of subsistence for a month. (S, O.) And it is said in a trad., اِبْدَأْ بِمَنْ تَعُولُ i. e. [Begin thou] with those whom thou sustainest, and whose expenses are incumbent on thee; and if anything remain over and above, let it be for the strangers, or those who are not related to thee. (TA.) A2: And عال, (Ks, K, TA,) aor. as above, (Ks, TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ and عِيَالَةٌ (K, TA) and عُوُولٌ, (TA,) He had a numerous family or household; (K, TA;) [and] so ↓ اعال, (Z, Mgh, O, Msb,) and ↓ أَعْوَلَ, (Z, O, K,) and ↓ أَعْيَلَ, (Msb, K, TA,) this last formed by the change of و into ى, (TA,) [or formed from عِيَالٌ,] and عيل [i. e. ↓ عَيَّلَ]: (Msb:) ↓ اعال is also expl. as meaning [simply] he had a family, or household: and ↓ أَعْوَلَتْ, occurring in a trad., as meaning she brought forth children, is said by IAth to be originally أَعْيَلَتْ, signifying she had a family, or household; but Z says that اعيلت is formed with a regard to the word عِيَالٌ, and is not the original form. (TA.) [See also 4 in art. عيل.] مَا لَهُ عَالَ وَمَالَ is a form of imprecation, meaning [What ails him?] May he have a numerous family or household, and may he decline from the right course in his judgment. (K. [See another explanation in art. عيل.]) And the saying, in the Kur [iv. 3], ذٰلِكَ أَدْنَى أَلَّا تَعُولُوا has been expl. as meaning [That will be more, or most, apt, fit, or proper,] that ye may not have numerous families or households. (TA.) b2: [Hence, probably,] عال, aor. as above, [and يَعِيلُ, (see 1 in art. عيل,)] signifies also He (a man) was, or became, poor; (Ks, TA;) [and] so ↓ اعال. (K.) And Yoo says that لَا يَعُولُ عَلَى

القَصْدِ أَحَدٌ signifies لَا يَحْتَاجُ [app. meaning No one will become poor, or in want, while following the right course]: (TA:) and so لَا يَعِيلُ. (TA in art. عيل.) A3: عال المِيزَانُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ and يَعِيلُ, (K, TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ and عَيْلٌ, (TA,) The balance inclined, or declined, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) and rose: (Mgh, Msb:) or one of its extremities rose above the other: (TA:) or it was, or became, defective, and declined from the right state: or [in the CK “ and ”] it was, or became, excessive. (K, TA.) And [hence,] عال فِى المِيزَانِ (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, unfaithful; or he acted unfaithfully. (Msb.) A poet says, قَالُوا اتَّبْعْنَا رَسُولَ اللّٰهِ وَاطَّرَحُوا قَوْلَ الرَّسُولِ وَعَالُوا فِى المَوَازِينِ [They said, “We have followed the way of the Apostle of God: ” but they have rejected the saying of the Apostle, (assumed tropical:) and been false in the balances, i. e., unfaithful]. (S, O.) b2: And عال, (inf. n. عَوْلٌ, Msb,) He (a judge, Mgh) deviated from the right course, or acted wrongfully, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) فِى الحُكْمِ [in the judgment]. (S, O.) Hence, in the Kur [iv. 3, mentioned above], أَلَّا تَعُولُوا [that ye may not deviate from the right course], (S, Mgh, O, Msb, TA,) accord. to Mujá-hid, (S, O, Msb,) and most of the expositors. (TA.) b3: And hence, (S, Mgh, O,) in the opinion of A'Obeyd, (S, O,) عَالَتِ الفَرِيضَةُ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (TA,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb,) The فَرِيضَة [or primarily-apportioned inheritance] deviated [by excess] from the limit of the named [primary] portions [which are all fractions of four and twenty]; (Bd in iv. 3;) [meaning] it rose [above], (S, O, Msb, K,) or exceeded, (K,) in the reckoning, (Msb, K,) [the regular sum of the fixed primary portions,] i. e., its [fixed primary], portions exceeded [the regular sum thereof], occasioning a diminution to the sharers: (S, Mgh, O, Msb:) العَوْلُ in this case being the contr. of الرَّدُّ [which I do not find in any lexicon, but only in dictionaries of conventional terms]. (Msb.) Az relates, of El-Mufaddal, that, application having been made to him respecting [the shares of inheritance of] two daughters and a father and a mother and a wife, said, “Her [the wife's] eighth has become a ninth: ” and A' Obeyd says, he meant that the [primary] portions had exceeded [the regular sum] so that there fell to the wife the ninth, whereas in the original case she would have had the eighth; for if the فريضة had not exceeded [the regular sum], it would have consisted of four and twenty; but when it [so] exceeded, it became of seven and twenty; and there pertained to the two daughters the two thirds [of four and twenty], i. e. sixteen portions; and to the father and the mother the two sixths, i. e. eight portions; and to the wife three reckoned as of seven and twenty, i. e. the ninth, whereas, before the exceeding, it would have been three of four and twenty, i. e. the eighth: and this question is called المَسْأَلَةُ المِنْبَرِيَّةُ, because 'Alee was asked respecting it when he was on the pulpit, and said, without premeditation, “Her eighth has become a ninth. ” (TA.) Hence the saying, in a trad. of Maryam, [i. e. the Virgin Mary, respecting a story to which allusion is made in the Kur iii. 39, (see a note on that verse in Sale's Translation,)] وَعَالَ قَلَمُ زَكَرِيَّآءَ i. e. [and the divining-arrow of Zacharias] rose upon the water. (TA.) b4: And one says also, عال زَيْدٌ الفَرَائِضَ, (S, Mgh, O,) or الفَرِيضَةَ, (Msb,) first Pers\. عُلْتُهَا, (K,) meaning Zeyd made the فرائض, or فريضة, to be as described above; as also ↓ أَعَالَهَا; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K; *) which latter is the more common. (Msb.) b5: عال said of an affair, or event, It was, or became, hard to be borne, severe, or distressing, and great, or formidable. (S, O, K.) b6: And also, (S, O, K,) aor. ـُ (S. O,) inf. n. عَوْلٌ, (TA,) It (a thing) overcame a person; burdened, or oppressed, him; (S, O, K;) distressed him; (Fr, O;) and disquieted him, or rendered him anxious. (K.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce مَسَافَةٌ, in art. سوف.] One says, عِيلَ مَا هُوَ عَائِلُهُ i. e. غُلِبَ مَا هُوَ غَالِبُهُ [May he be overcome! Of what is he the overcomer?]: (S, Meyd, O, K:) a prov., (Meyd,) applied to him at whose speech, or some other thing proceeding from him, (S, Meyd, O, K,) of a like sort, (K,) one wonders: (S, Meyd, O, K:) it is of the nature of a prayer, (S, Meyd, O,) for the man; (Meyd;) like the saying, when a thing pleases one, قَاتَلَهُ اللّٰهُ, and أَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ. (TA.) And عِيلَ صَبْرِى My patience was overcome; (S, O, K;) and so عَالَ صَبْرِى: (Abu-l-Jarráh, Lh, K:) or, accord. to Aboo-Tálib, the former may mean رُفِعَ [i. e., was taken away, lit. raised; and if so, the latter may in like manner mean اِرْتَفَعَ]. (TA.) عَالَتِ البَيْقُورَ, occurring in a verse of Umeiyeh Ibn-Abi-s-Salt, refers to a year of drought, and means It oppressed the [wild] oxen, by occasioning their having سَلَع and عُشَر tied to their tails and set on fire, and being made to ascend upon the mountain; by the doing of which, the Arabs asserted that they obtained rain. (S, O. [See art. سلع.]) b7: عَالَكَ عَالِيًا [in which عَالَكَ app. signifies properly رَفَعَكَ, the agent (اللّٰهُ) being understood,] is like the saying لَعًا لَكَ عَالِيًا, (K, TA, [in the CK لَعا لَكَ,]) and is expl. in the T as meaning Mayest thou rise, or be raised, after stumbling, or falling. (TA.) b8: عِيلَ عَوْلُهُ [app. signifying lit. May the wailing for him be raised (in the CK عَوْلَةً)] means may his mother be bereft of him; as also عَالَ عَوْلُهُ. (K, TA.) 2 عَيَّلَهُمْ [app. formed from عِيَالٌ, in which the ى is originally و]: see 1, first sentence. b2: It signifies also He made them to become what are termed عِيَال [i. e. a family, or household]: or he neglected them: (K:) or تَعْيِيلٌ signifies the feeding badly. (S and O in art. عيل.) A2: عيّل as intrans.: see 1, fourth sentence.

A3: عوّل عَلَيْهِ He acted, or behaved, with boldness, or presumptuousness, towards him; or confided in his love, and therefore acted presumptuously towards him; and he put, or imposed as a burden, upon him [some affair]; (Az, S, O, K;) as also عَلَيْهِ ↓ أَعْوَلَ, (K, TA,) part. n. ↓ مُعْوِلٌ. (TA.) One says, عَوَّلْتُ, عَلَى فُلَانٍ I put, or imposed as a burden, upon such a one, somewhat of my affair: and عَوِّلْ عَلَىَّ Put thou, or impose thou as a burden, upon me what thou desirest. (Ham p. 125.) b2: And He asked aid of him; (K, TA;) as also عوّل بِهِ. (TA.) One says, عَوِّلٌ عَلَىَّ بِما شِئْتَ Ask thou aid of me in what thou wilt; as though he said, put thou, or impose thou as a burden, upon me, what thou likest. (S, O.) b3: And He relied upon it, or confided in it; (Msb, K;) namely, a thing; as also عوّل بِهِ; inf. n. تَعْوِيلٌ (Msb) and ↓ مُعَوَّلٌ, (K, TA,) thus on the authority of Th, who thus explains it in the saying, (TA,) of Imra-el- Keys, (O,) وَإنَّ شِفَائِى عَبْرَةٌ مُهَرَقَةٌ فَهَلْ عِنْدَ رَسْمٍ دَارِسٍ مِنْ مُعَوَّلِ [When verily my cure is a flow of tears poured forth: but is there reliance, or confidence, to be felt at the remains of an abode becoming rased, or effaced?]: or ↓ مُعَوَّل is here an inf. n. of عَوَّلْتُ in the sense of أعْوَلْتُ, i. e. بَكَيْتُ; so that the meaning is, weeping: (TA:) or it here means a place of weeping: or, as some say, a seeking of any means of profiting. (O. [See also EM pp. 6 and 7.]) One says likewise, ↓ عَلَيْهِ المُعَوَّلُ, meaning [Upon him is placed] reliance. (TA.) A4: See also 4.

A5: And عوّل, (K, and Ham p. 125,) or عوّل عَالَةً, (S, O,) inf. n. تَعْوِيلٌ, (K,) signifies He (a pastor, Ham) made, or constructed, a shelter from the rain, termed عالة, (S, O, K, and Ham * ubi suprà,) by binding some branches of a tree to some branches of a tree near to the former, and then covering them with small lopped wood such as is used for firewood. (Ham.) 4 أعَالَهُمْ: see 1, first sentence.

A2: اعال and أعْوَلَ and أَعْيَلَ as intrans.: see 1, former half, in six places.

A3: اعال الفَرَئِضَ or الفَرِيضَةَ: see 1, latter half.

A4: See also 2, former half.

A5: أَعْوَلَ (Sh, S, O, K) and ↓ عوّل (Sh, O, K) He wept; (O;) as also ↓ اِعْتَوَلَ: (O, K:) or he wailed; i. e. raised his voice with weeping, (S, K,) and cried out; (K;) or wept, and cried out; عَلَيْهِ for him: (Sh, O, Msb:) and an instance occurs, in a verse of 'Obeyd-Allah Ibn-'Abd-Allah Ibn-'Otbeh, cited by Th, of اعول trans. by itself, عَلَى

being suppressed. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] one says also, أَعْوَلَتِ القَوْسُ (assumed tropical:) The bow produced a sound: (S, M, O, K, TA:) in some lexicons, as in the L, erroneously, الفَرَسُ. (TA.) A6: And اعال and أَعْوَلَ (Az, O, K, and S in art. مُعْوِلٌ) and مُعْيِلٌ (K) signify He (a man, K) desired vehemently, eagerly, greedily, very greedily, or with avidity; or did so excessively, or culpably; or coveted; (Az, S, O, K;) part. ns. ↓ مُعْوِلٌ and ↓ مُعْيِلٌ. (TA.) 8 اِعْتَوَلَ: see the next preceding paragraph.

عَالٌ a word occurring in the saying مَا لَهُ عَالٌ وَلَا مَالٌ, which means He has not anything belonging to him. (K.) عَوْلٌ: see عَوِيلٌ. b2: عَوْلَ is a word like وَيْبَ: one says, عَوْلَكَ and عَوْلَ زَيْدٍ [i. e. May God decree thy woe and the woe of Zeyd, virtually meaning woe to thee and woe to Zeyd]: (S, O, K:) and عَوْلٌ لِزَيْدٍ [lit. meaning Woe to Zeyd]: (S, O:) or, accord. to Sb and others, عَوْلَ is used only as a sequent to وَيْلَ; they said وَيْلَهُ وَعَوْلَهُ; in which, Az says, ويل and عول both signify weeping, or lamentation with tears; and Aboo-Tálib says that they are put in the accus. case as expressive of an imprecation and of blame, like as is done in the sayings وَيْلًا لَهُ and تُرَابًا لَهُ. (TA.) A2: Also Any affair, or event, that renders one anxious: (K, * TA:) app. an inf. n. used thus as a subst. (TA.) A3: And One whose aid is asked (K, TA) in affairs of difficulty or importance. (TA. [See also مُعَوَّلٌ.]) A4: And The food of a family or household. (K.) عَوَلٌ: see the next paragraph.

عِوَلٌ is [said to be] a subst. signifying Reliance, and confidence: (S, * K, TA:) and [it is said that]

هُوَ عِوَلِى signifies He is my stay, or support: the word, however, occurs in this form, twice, in a verse of Taäbata-sharrà, accord. to the relation thereof by Aboo-'Ikrimeh; but accord. to others it is ↓ عَوَلٌ, with fet-h to the ع and و, and is said to be an inf. n.; whereas the former is said to be pl. of ↓ عَوْلَةٌ; [and the two words signify, respectively, a weeping and weepings; for] by his saying لٰكِنَّمَا عَِوَلِى إِنْ عَِوَلٍ the poet means If I wept for any one, I would weep &c. (TA.) b2: And عِوَلٌ is also a subst. signifying An asking for aid. (K, TA.) عَالَةٌ A ظُلَّة [or covering], (K,) or a thing like a ظُلَّة, (S, O,) used as a shelter from the rain, (S, O, K,) constructed with cuttings of trees [in a manner described above: see 2, last sentence]. (TA.) b2: And i. q. نَعَامَةٌ, (Kr, K,) either as meaning The species of animal thus called [i. e. an ostrich], or as meaning a ظُلَّة, for thus نَعَامَةٌ also signifies. (TA.) A2: [As a pl.: see عِيَالٌ.]

A3: See also art. عيل.

عَوْلَةٌ: see the next paragraph, in two places: and see also عِوَلٌ.

عَوِيلٌ A wailing; i. e. a raising of the voice with weeping; as also ↓ عَوْلٌ and ↓ عَوْلَةٌ: (S, O, K:) or a weeping and crying out: (Msb:) and sometimes it signifies a cry, or voice, from the chest, without weeping: (O, TA:) and sometimes ↓ عَوْلَةٌ signifies the burning sensation of grief and of love, without a raising of the voice and without weeping. (TA.) [See also عَوَّالٌ.]

A2: Also Weak: b2: and hence it is used as a name for One of the ropes of a ship or boat. (TA.) عِيَالٌ, belonging to this art. and to art. عيل; (K, mentioned in the S and O in the latter art.;) or its ى is substituted for و, for it is from عَالَ, aor. ـُ in the first of the senses expl. above, and seems to be an inf. n. used in the sense of a pass. part. n.; (IB, TA;) [and if so, it may be used as a sing. (as it is in the Ksh and by Bd in xvi. 78 and in the S and Mgh &c. voce كَلٌّ and in the O and K voce حَمِيلَةٌ) and also as a pl.; but in general] it signifies A family, or household; (Msb;) [i. e.,] a man's عِيَال are the persons whom he feeds, nourishes, or sustains; (S, O, Msb, K;) or the persons who dwell with him, and whose expenses are incumbent on him, as his young man, or slave, his wife, and his young child: (KT:) and ↓ عَيِّلٌ signifies the same: (K:) or this latter (which is originally عَيْوِلٌ, TA) is sing. of عِيَالٌ x(S, Mgh, O, Msb) and of عَيَائِلُ, (S, O,) like as جَيِّدٌ is sing. of جِيَادٌ (S, Mgh, O, Msb) and of جَيَائِدُ; (S, O;) the last being a pl. pl., (K in art. عيل,) [as also عِيَالَاتٌ, of which see an ex. voce

أزْمَلٌ;] but is sometimes used as a pl., for عَشَرَةُ عَيِّلٍ, accord. to an ex. in a trad., signifies ten persons fed, nourished, or sustained, by a man: (TA:) or the pl. [of ↓ عَيِّلٌ] is عَالَةٌ, (Kr, K,) [like as سَادَةٌ is said to be pl. of سَيِّدٌ,] or, accord. to ISd, it is pl. of عَائِلٌ, [q. v. in art. عيل, and in like manner سَادَةٌ is held by him to be pl. of سَائِدٌ, not of سَيِّدٌ,] for [he says that] a word of the measure فَيْعِلٌ never forms a pl. [like عَالَةٌ, which is] of the measure فَعَلَةٌ; (TA;) and [عَيَائِلُ is applied to women, for] one says نِسْوَةٌ عَيَائِلُ. (K.) العِيَالُ [as meaning (assumed tropical:) The dependants for sustenance] is also used, metaphorically, in relation to birds, and to predaceous and other beasts. (TA.) And أُمُّ العِيَالِ is a name for (assumed tropical:) The cooking-pot. (T in art. ام.) عَوَالَةٌ Want: and intrusion at feasts, uninvited. (TA.) عَوَّالٌ A weeping: an inf. n. [or rather a quasiinf. n.] of عَوَّلَ: pl. عَوَاوِيلُ, and by poetic license عَوَاوِلُ. (TA.) [See also عَوِيلٌ.]

عَائِلٌ [act. part. n. of عَالَ]. b2: One says أَمْرٌ عَائِلٌ and عَالٍ, the latter being formed by transposition, meaning [An affair, or event,] hard to be borne, severe, or distressing, and great, or formidable. (TA.) b3: عَائِلٌ applied to a measure of capacity means Exceeding others. (IAar, TA in art. عيل.) عَيِّلٌ: see عِيَالٌ, in two places.

أَعْوَلُ i. q. أَشَدُّ [More, and most, hard to be borne, &c.]: and أَعْلَى, occurring in a verse of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, signifies the same, being formed from أَعْوَلُ by transposition. (TA.) مَعُولٌ [Fed, nourished, or sustained: &c.

A2: And] Overcome: applied in this sense to patience: (K:) and to a man, in respect of his opinion, or judgment. (TA.) مُعْوَلٌ, followed by عَلَيْهِ, Wailed for: thus in the trad., المُعْوَلُ عَلَيْهِ يُعَذَّبُ, (S, O,) or, as some relate it, ↓ المُعَوَّلُ; i. e. He (of the dead) who is wailed for will be punished. (O.) مُعْوِلٌ: see 2: A2: and see also 4, last sentence.

مِعْوَلٌ [A pickaxe, or stone-cutter's pick; (so in the present day;)] the iron implement, (K,) a large فَأْس, (S, O, Msb,) with which are pecked, or hollowed out, (S, O, K,) rocks, or great masses of stone, (S, O,) or mountains: (K:) pl. مَعَاوِلُ. (S, O.) [See also صَاقُورٌ.]

مُعْيِلٌ A man having a family, or household, whom he has to feed; [or, accord. to an explanation of its verb, having a numerous family or household;] as also ↓ مُعَيَّلٌ, like مُحَمَّدٌ [in measure]: (TA: [see also art. عيل:]) or ↓ مُعَيَّلٌ signifies one whose property is deficient and whose family, or household, have overcome him. (TA in art. خلع.) A2: See also 4, last sentence.

مُعَوَّلٌ One of whom aid, or succour, is asked: (S, O, TA:) and one upon whom reliance, or confidence is placed. (TA.) One says, مَا لَهُ فِى القَوْمِ مِنْ مُعَوَّلٍ He has not, among the people, or party, any of whom aid is [to be] asked. (S, O.) [See also عَوْلٌ.]

A2: It is also an inf. n. of عَوَّلَ. (Th. K. TA.) See that verb, in three places.

A3: Also A place of weeping [or of wailing]: so, accord. to some, in the verse cited in the second paragraph [q. v.]. (O.) A4: See also مُعْوَلٌ.

مُعَيَّلٌ: see مُعْيِلٌ, in two places.

مُعَيِّلٌ A constructor of the sort of shelter from the rain called عَالَة. (Skr, S, O.)

علم

1 عَلِمَهُ, aor. ـَ inf. n. عِلْمٌ, He knew it; or he was, or became, acquainted with it; syn. عَرَفَهُ: (S, K:) or he knew it (عَرَفَهُ) truly, or certainly: (B, TA:) by what is said above, and by what is afterwards said in the K, العِلْمُ and المَعْرِفَةُ and الشُّعُورُ are made to have one meaning; and this is nearly what is said by most of the lexicologists: but most of the critics discriminate every one of these from the others; and العِلْمُ, accord. to them, denotes the highest quality, because it is that which they allow to be an attribute of God; whereas they did not say [that He is] عَارِفٌ, in the most correct language, nor شَاعِرٌ: (TA:) [respecting other differences between العِلْم and المَعْرِفَة, the former of which is more general in signification than the latter, see the first paragraph of art. عرف: much might be added to what is there stated on that subject, and in explanation of العِلْم, from the TA, but not without controversy:] or عَلِمَ signifies تَيَقَّنَ [i. e. he knew a thing, intuitively, and inferentially, as expl. in the Msb in art. يقن]; العِلْمُ being syn. with اليَقِينُ; but it occurs with the meaning of الَمَعْرِفَةُ, like as المَعْرِفَةُ occurs with the meaning of العلْمُ, each being made to import the meaning of the other because each is preceded by ignorance [when not attributed to God]: Zuheyr says, [in his Mo'allakah,] وَأَعْلَمُ عِلْمَ اليَوْمِ وَالْأَمْسِ قَبْلَهُ وَلٰكِنِّنِى عَنْ عِلْمِ مَا فِى غَدٍ عَمِ meaning وَأَعْرِفُ [i. e. And I know the knowledge of the present day, and of yesterday before it; but to the knowledge of what will be to-morrow I am blind]: and it is said in the Kur [viii. 62], لَا تَعْلَمُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْلَمُهُمْ, meaning لَا تَعْرِفُونَهُمْ اَللّٰهُ يَعْرِفُهُمْ [i. e. Ye know them not, but God knoweth them]; المَعْرِفَة being attributed to God because it is one of the two kinds of عِلْم, [the intuitive and the inferential,] and the discrimination between them is conventional, on account of their different dependencies, though He is declared to be free from the imputation of antecedent ignorance and from acquisition [of knowledge], for He knows what has been and what will be and how that which will not be would be if it were, his عِلْم being an eternal and essential attribute: when عَلِمَ denotes اليَقِين, it [sometimes] has two objective complements; but as syn. with عَرَفَ, it has a single objective complement: (Msb:) it has two objective complements in the saying, in the Kur [lx. 10], فَإِنْ عَلِمْتُمُوهُنَّ مُؤْمِنَاتٍ [and if ye know them to be believers]; and [in like manner] they allowed one's saying عَلِمْتُنِى [meaning I knew myself to be], like as they said رَأَيْتُنِى and حَسِبْتُنِى &c.: (TA:) and sometimes it imports the meaning of شَعَرَ, and is therefore followed by بِ: (Msb:) [thus] عَلِمَ بِهِ signifies شَعَرَ or شَعُرَ (accord. to different copies of the K) [i. e. He knew it; as meaning he knew, or had knowledge, of it; was cognizant of it; or understood it: or he knew the minute particulars of it: or he perceived it by means of any of the senses: and sometimes this means he became informed, or apprised, of it: and sometimes, he was, or became, knowing in it]: or in this case, [as meaning شَعَرْتُ بِهِ,] you say, عَلِمْتُهُ and عَلِمْتُ بِهِ [I knew it; &c.]: (Msb:) and one says, مَا عَلِمْتُ بِخَبَرِ قُدُومِهِ, meaning مَا شَعَرْتُ [I knew not, &c., the tidings of his coming, or arrival]. (TA.) ↓ اعتلمهُ, also, signifies عَلِمَهُ [He knew it; &c.]. (K.) And one says ↓ تَعَلَّمْ in the place of اِعْلَمْ [Know thou; &c.]: ISk says, تَعَلَّمْتُ أَنَّ فُلَانًا خَارِجٌ is a phrase used in the place of عَلِمْتُ [as meaning I knew, or, emphatically, I know, that such a one was, or is, going forth]; adding, [however,] when it is said to thee, اِعْلَمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ [Know thou that Zeyd is going forth], thou sayest قَدْ عَلِمْتُ [lit. I have known, meaning I do know]; but when it is said, تَعَلَّمْ أَنَّ زَيْدًا خَارِجٌ, thou dost not say, قَدْ تَعَلَّمْتُ; (S:) accord. to IB, these two verbs are not used as syn. except in the imperative forms: (TA:) [or] عَلِمَ الأَمْرَ and ↓ تَعَلَّمَهُ are syn. as signifying أَتْقَنَهُ [app. meaning he knew, or learned, the case, or affair, soundly, thoroughly, or well: see art. تقن: but I think it not improbable, though I do not find it in any copy of the K, that the right reading may be أَيْقَنَهُ, which is syn. with تَيَقَّنَهُ; an explanation of عَلِمَ in the Msb, as mentioned above, being تَيَقَّنَ]. (K, TA.) And الجَمِيعُ ↓ تعالمهُ meansعَلِمُوهُ [i. e. All knew him; &c.]. (S, K.) b2: عَلِمْتُ عِلْمَهُ [lit. I knew his knowledge, or what he knew, app. meaning I tried, proved, or tested, him, and so knew what he knew; and hence I knew his case or state or condition, or his qualities;] is a phrase mentioned by Fr in explanation of رَبَأْتُ فِيهِ. (TA voce رَبَأَ, q. v. See also the explanation of لَأَ خْبُرَنَّ خَبَرَكَ, in the first paragraph of art. خبر: and see غَبَنُوا خَبَرَهَا, in art. غبن.) b3: عَلِمْتُ is also used in the manner of a verb signifying swearing, or asseveration, so as to have a similar complement; as in the saying, وَلَقَدْ عَلِمْتُ لَتَأْتِيَنَّ عَشِيَّةً

[And I certainly knew that thou wouldst, or that she would, assuredly come in the evening]. (TA in art. شهد.) And يَعْلَمُ اللّٰهُ [God knoweth] is a form of asseveration. (IAth, TA voce قَيْرَوَانٌ: see an ex. in art. قير.) A2: عَلُمَ, agreeably with what is said in the M, which is عَلُمَ هُوَ نَفْسُهُ, accord. to the K عَلِمَ هُوَ فِى نَفْسِهِ, but the verb in this case is correctly like كَرُمَ, (TA,) He was, or became, such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; (M, * K, * TA;) meaning he possessed knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (IJ, * TA:) accord. to IB, i. q. ↓ تعلّم [q. v., as intrans.]: and he was, or became, equal to the عُلَمَآء

[pl. of عَالِمٌ and of عَلِيمٌ]. (TA.) A3: عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ see 3.

A4: عَلَمَهُ, aor. ـُ and عَلِمَ, (K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (TA.) signifies He marked it; syn. وَسَمَهُ. (K.) And one says, عَلَمْتُ عِمَّتِى, meaning I wound my turban upon my head with a mark whereby its mode should be known. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A5: عَلَمَ شَفَتَهُ, aor. ـِ (S, K,) inf. n. عَلْمٌ, (S,) He slit his [upper] lip. (S, K.) A6: عَلِمَ, aor. ـَ (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. عَلَمٌ, (S, Msb,) He (a man, S) had a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides. (K.) 2 علّمهُ [He, or it, made him to be such as is termed عَالِم and عَلِيم; i. e., made him to possess knowledge (العِلْم) as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: and hence, he taught him. And it generally has a second objective complement]. You say, عَلَّمْتُهُ الشَّىْءَ [I made him to know, or taught him, the thing], in which case the teshdeed is [said to be] not for the purpose of denoting muchness [of the action; but see what follows]; (S;) and عَلَّمْتُهُ الفَاتِحَةَ [I taught him the Opening Chapter of the Kur-án], and الصَّنْعَةَ [the art, or craft], &c.; inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ; (Msb;) and علّمهُ العِلْمَ, inf. n. تَعْلِيمٌ and عِلَّامٌ, the latter like كِذَّابٌ; and إِيَّاهُ ↓ اعلمهُ; (K;) both, accord. to the K, signifying the same [i. e. he taught him knowledge, or science]; but Sb makes a distinction between them, saying that عَلَّمْتُ is like أَذَّنْتُ, and that ↓ أَعْلَمْتُ is like آذَنْتُ; and Er-Rághib says that ↓ الإِعْلَامُ is particularly applied to quick information; and التَّعْلِيمُ is particularly applied to that which is repeated and much, so that an impression is produced thereby upon the mind of the مُتَعَلِّم: and some say that the latter is the exciting the attention of the mind to the conception of meanings; and sometimes it is used in the sense of الإِعْلَام when there is in it muchness: (TA:) you say, الخَبَرَ ↓ أَعْلَمْتُهُ and بِالخْبَرِ [meaning I made known, or notified, or announced, to him, or I told him, or I made him to know, or have knowledge of, the news, or piece of information; I acquainted him with it; told, informed, apprised, advertised, or certified, him of it; gave him information, intelligence, notice, or advice, of it]: (Msb:) see also 10: [hence the inf. n. ↓ إِعْلَامٌ is often used, as a simple subst., to signify a notification, a notice, an announcement, or an advertisement:] and sometimes ↓ اعلم has three objective complements, like أَرَى; as in the saying, أَعْلَمْتُ زَيْدًا عَمْرًا مُنْطَلِقًا [I made known, &c., to Zeyd that 'Amr was going away]. (I'Ak p. 117.) b2: See also 4, in three places.3 عَاْلَمَ ↓ عَالَمَهُ فَعَلَمَهُ, aor. of the latter عَلُمَ, means [I contended with him, or strove to surpass him, in عِلْم,] and I surpassed him in عِلْم [i. e. knowledge, &c.]: (S, K:) [the measure يَفْعَلُ,] and in like manner the measure يَفْعِلُ, in every case of this kind, is changed into يَفْعُلُ: so says Az: [but see 3 in art. خصم:] and Lh mentions the phrase, مَا كُنْتُ أَرَانِى أَنْ أَعْلُمَهُ [I did not think, or know, that I should surpass him in knowledge]. (TA.) 4 أَعْلَمَ see 2, in six places. b2: One says also, اعلم الثَّوْبَ (S, Mgh, TA) He (i. e. a beater and washer and whitener of clothes, S, Mgh) made the garment, or piece of cloth, to have a mark; (Mgh;) or he made upon it, or in it, a mark. (TA.) [And, said of a weaver, or an embroiderer,] He made to the garment, or piece of cloth, a border, or borders, of figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work, or the like. (Msb.) b3: and اعلم عَلَيْهِ He made, or put, or set, a mark upon it; namely, a writing, or book, &c.: (Msb:) [or] اعلم عَلَى مَوْضِعِ كَذَا مِنَ الكِتَابِ عَلَامَةً [He made, &c., a mark upon such a place of the writing, or book]. (TA.) b4: اعلم الفَرَسَ He suspended upon the horse some coloured wool, (K, TA,) red, or white, (TA,) in war, or battle. (K, TA.) And اعلم نَفْسَهُ He marked himself with the mark, sign, token, or badge, of war; as also ↓ عَلَّمَهَا. (K.) [Or] اعلم الفَارِسُ The horseman made, or appointed, for himself, [or distinguished himself by,] the mark, sign, token, or badge, of the men of courage. (S.) And لَهُ عَلَامَةً ↓ عَلَّمْتُ I appointed to him (وَضَعْتُ لَهُ) a mark, sign, or token, which he would, or should, know. (Msb.) b5: And القَبْرَ ↓ علّم (K in art. رجم) He put a tombstone [as a mark] to the grave. (TK in that art.) A2: اعلم said of a well-sinker, He found the well that he was digging to be one having much water. (TA.) 5 تعلّم is quasi-pass. of 2 [i. e. it signifies He was, or became, made to know, or taught; or he learned: and is trans. and intrans.]. (S, Msb, K, * TA.) You say, تعلّم العِلْمَ (MA, K) He learned [knowledge, or science]. (MA.) See also 1, latter half, in three places. [In the last of those places, تعلّم app. signifies, as it often does, He possessed knowledge as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind.] Accord. to some, التَّعَلُّمُ signifies The mind's having its attention excited to the conception of meanings, or ideas. (TA.) 6 تعالمهُ الجَمِيعُ: see 1, latter half.8 اعتلمهُ: see 1, latter half.

A2: اعتلم said of water, It flowed (K, TA) upon the ground. (TA.) b2: And said of lightning it means لَمَعَ فى العلم [app. فِى العَلَمِ, and, if so, meaning It shone, shone brightly, or gleamed, in, or upon, the long mountain]: a poet says, بَلْ بُرَيْقًا بِتُّ أَرْقُبُهُ لَا يُرَى إِلَّا إِذَا اعْتَلَمَا [But a little lightning, in watching which I passed the night, not to be seen save when it shone, &c.]. (TA.) 10 استعلمهُ He asked, or desired, him to tell him [a thing; or to make it known to him]. (MA, KL. *) You say, ↓ اِسْتَعْلَمَنِى الخَبَرَ فَأَعْلَمْتُهُ

إِيَّاهُ [He asked, or desired, me to tell him, or make known to him, the news, or piece of information, and I told him it, or made it known to him]. (S.) عَلْمٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ, in two places.

عِلْمٌ is an inf. n., (S, K, &c.,) and [as such] has no pl. [in the classical language]. (Sb, TA voce فِكْرٌ.) [As a post-classical term, used as a simple subst., its pl. is عُلُومٌ, signifying The sciences, or several species of knowledge.] b2: Sometimes it is applied to Predominant opinion; [i. e. preponderant belief;] because it stands in stead of that which is عِلْم properly so termed. (Ham p. 632.) b3: And sometimes it is used in the sense of عَمَلٌ [A doing, &c.], as mentioned by Az, on the authority of Ibn-'Oyeyneh, agreeably with an explanation of عَالِمٌ as signifying one “ who does according to his knowledge; ” and it has been expl. as having this meaning in the Kur xii. 68 [where the primary meaning seems to be much more apposite]. (TA.) b4: لَقِيتُهُ أَدْنَى عِلْمٍ means [I met him the first thing, like لقيته أَدْنَى

دَنِّىِ and أَدْنَى دَنًا; or] before everything [else]. (TA.) عَلَمٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ. b2: Also An impression, or impress; or a footstep, or track, or trace. (TA.) b3: And The عَلَم of a garment, or piece of cloth; (S;) [i. e. the ornamental, or figured, or variegated, border or borders thereof;] the figured, or variegated, or embroidered, work or decoration, (Msb, K, TA,) in the borders, (TA,) thereof: (Msb, K, TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (Msb.) b4: And [A way-mark; i. e.] a thing set up, or erected, in the way, (K, TA,) or, as in the M, in the deserts, or waterless deserts, (TA,) for guidance, (K, TA,) in the M, for the guidance of those going astray; (TA;) as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ: (K:) the former is also applied to a building raised in the beaten track of the road, of such as are places of alighting for travellers, whereby one is guided to the land [that is the object of a journey]: pl. أَعْلَامٌ: and عَلَمٌ also signifies a مَنَارَة [app. a mistranscription for مَنَار, without ة: see these two words]. (TA. [See also مَعْلَمٌ.]) [Hence, أَعْلَامُ الكَوَاكِبِ The stars, or asterisms, that are signs of the way to travellers: see مِصْبَاحٌ.] b5: And A separation between two lands; [like مَنَارٌ;] as also ↓ عَلَامَةٌ. (K.) [Hence,] أَعْلَامُ الحَرَمِ The limits that are set to the Sacred Territory. (TA.) b6: And A mountain; (S, K;) as a general term: or a long mountain: (K:) [app. as forming a separation: or as being a known sign of the way:] pl. أَعْلَامٌ and عِلَامٌ: (K:) the former pl. occurring in the Kur [xlii. 31 and] lv. 24. (TA.) b7: And A banner, or standard, syn. رَايَةٌ, (S, K, TA,) to which the soldiers congregate: (TA:) and, (K,) some say, (TA,) the thing [i. e. flag, or strip of cloth,] that is tied upon the spear: (K, TA:) it occurs in a verse of Aboo-Sakhr El-Hudhalee with the second fet-hah lengthened by an alif after it [so that it becomes ↓ عَلَام]. (IJ, TA.) b8: And (tropical:) The chief of a people or party: (K, TA:) from the same word as signifying “ a mountain ” or “ a banner: ” (TA:) pl. أَعْلَامٌ. (K.) b9: [In grammar, it signifies A proper name of a person or place &c. b10: And the pl. أَعْلَامٌ is applied to Things pertaining to rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage or the like, as being signs thereof; such as the places where such rites and ceremonies are performed, the beasts destined for sacrifice, and the various practices performed during the pilgrimage &c.; as also مَعَالِمُ, pl. of ↓ مَعْلَمٌ: the former word is applied to such places in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in ii. 153; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in ii. 194: the former is also applied to the beasts destined for sacrifice in the Ksh and Bd and the Jel in xxii. 37; and the latter, in the Ksh and Bd in xxii. 33: and both are applied to the practices above mentioned, the former in the TA and the latter in the K, in art. شعر: see شِعَارٌ.]

A2: See also what next follows.

عُلْمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمَةٌ and ↓ عَلَمٌ [the last of which is originally an inf. n., see 1, last sentence,] A fissure in the upper lip, or in one of its two sides. (K.) عَلَمَةٌ: see what next precedes.

عَلْمَآءُ fem. of أَعْلَمُ [q. v.].

عَلْمَآءِ in the saying عَلْمَآءِ بَنُو فُلَانٍ [meaning At the water are the sons of such a one] is a contraction of عَلَى المَآءِ. (S.) عِلْمِىٌّ Of, or relating to, knowledge or science; scientific; theoretical; opposed to عَمَلِىٌّ.]

عَلَمِيَّةٌ, in grammar, The quality of a proper name.]

عَلَامٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ: b2: and see also عَلَمٌ.

A2: [عَلَامَ is for عَلَى مَ.]

عُلَامٌ: see عُلَّامٌ.

A2: Also i. q. غُلَامٌ [q. v.]: an instance of the substitution of ع for غ. (MF and TA on the letter ع.) عَلِيمٌ: see عَالِمٌ. b2: العَلِيمُ and ↓ العَالِمُ and ↓ العَلَّامُ, as epithets applied to God, signify [The Omniscient;] He who knows what has been and what will be; who ever has known, and ever will know, what has been and what will be; from whom nothing is concealed in the earth nor in the heaven; whose knowledge comprehends all things, the covert thereof and the overt, the small thereof and the great, in the most complete manner. (TA.) عَلَامَةٌ i. q. سِمَةٌ [A mark, sign, or token, by which a person or thing is known; a cognizance, or badge; a characteristic; an indication; a symptom]; (K; [see also مَعْلَمٌ;]) and ↓ عَلَمٌ is syn. therewith [as meaning thus]; (S, Msb, TA;) and so ↓ أُعْلُومَةٌ, (Abu-l-'Omeythil ElAarábee, TA,) as in the saying ↓ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ أُعْلُومَةٌ [Among the people, or party, is a mark, sign, or token]; and the pl. of this last is أَعَالِيمُ: (TA:) the pl. of عَلَامَةٌ is عَلَامَاتٌ (Msb) and [the coll. gen. n.] ↓ عَلَامٌ, (K, TA,) differing from عَلَامَةٌ only by the apocopating of the ة. (TA.) b2: See also عَلَمٌ, in two places.

عُلَامِىٌّ Light, or active; and sharp, or acute, in mind; (K, TA;) applied to a man: it is without teshdeed, and with the relative ى; from عُلَامٌ [signifying “ a hawk ”]. (TA.) عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عُلَّامٌ, (K, TA,) both mentioned by ISd, the latter [which is less used] from Lh, (TA,) and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ (S, K) and ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ and ↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, (K,) Very knowing or scientific or learned: (S, K:) the ة in ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ is added to denote intensiveness; (S;) or [rather] to denote that the person to whom it is applied has attained the utmost degree of the quality signified thereby; [so that it means knowing &c. in the utmost degree; or it may be rendered very very, or singularly, knowing or scientific or learned;] and this epithet is applied also to a woman: (IJ, TA:) [↓ تِعْلَامَةٌ, likewise, is doubly intensive; and so, app., is ↓ تِعْلِمَةٌ:] the pl. of عَلَّامٌ is عَلَّامُونَ; and that of ↓ عُلَّامٌ is عُلَّامُونَ. (TA.) See also, for the first, عَلِيمٌ. b2: Also the same epithets, (K,) or عَلَّامٌ and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ, (TA,) i. q. نَسَّابَةٌ; (K, TA;) [or rather عَلَّامٌ signifies نَسَّابٌ, i. e. very skilful in genealogies, or a great genealogist; and ↓ عَلَّامَةٌ signifies نَسَّابَةٌ, i. e. possessing the utmost knowledge in genealogies, or a most skilful genealogist;] from العِلْمُ. (TA.) عُلَّامٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places. b2: Also, and ↓ عُلَامٌ, The صَقْر [or hawk]; (K;) the latter on the authority of IAar: (TA:) and [particularly] the بَاشَق [i. e. the musket, or sparrow-hawk]; (K;) as some say: (TA:) or so the former word, (T, * S, TA,) or the latter word accord. to Kr and IB. (TA.) b3: And the former word, The [plant called] حِنَّآء

[i. e. Lawsonia inermis]: (IAar, S, K, TA:) thus correctly, but mentioned by Kr as without tesh-deed. (TA.) b4: And the same, i. e. with tesh-deed, The kernel of the stone of the نَبِق [or fruit, i. e. drupe, of the lote-tree called سِدْر]. (TA.) عَلَّامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ, in four places.

عُلَّامَةٌ: see مَعْلَمٌ.

العَالَمُ, (S, Msb, K, &c.,) said by some to be also pronounced ↓ العَالِمُ, (MF, TA,) and pronounced by El-Hajjáj with hemz [i. e. العَأْلَمُ], is primarily a name for That by means of which one knows [a thing]; like as الخَاتَمُ is a name for “ that by means of which one seals ” [a thing]: accord. to some of the expositors of the Kur-án, its predominant application is to that by means of which the Creator is known: then to the intelligent beings of mankind and of the jinn or genii: or to mankind and the jinn and the angels: and mankind [alone]: Es-Seyyid Esh-Shereef [El-Jurjánee] adopts the opinion that it is applied to every kind [of these, so that one says عَالَمُ الإِنْسِ (which may be rendered the world of mankind) and عَالَمُ الجِنِّ (the world of the jinn or genii) and عَالَمُ المَلَائِكَةِ (the world of the angels), all of which phrases are of frequent occurrence], and to the kinds [thereof] collectively: (TA:) or it signifies الخَلْقُ [i. e. the creation, as meaning the beings, or things, that are created], (S, Msb, K,) altogether [i. e. all the created beings or things, or all creatures]: (K:) or, as some say, peculiarly, the intelligent creatures: (Msb:) or what the cavity (lit. belly) of the celestial sphere comprises, (K, TA,) of substances and accidents: (TA:) [it may often be rendered the world, as meaning the universe; and as meaning the earth with all its inhabitants and other appertenances; and in more restricted senses, as instanced above: and one says عَالَمُ الحَيَوَانِ meaning the animal kingdom, and عَالَمُ النَّبَات the vegetable kingdom, and عَالَمُ المَعَادِنِ the mineral kingdom:] Jaafar Es-Sádik says that the عَالَم is twofold: namely, العَالَمُ الكَبِيرُ, which is the celestial sphere with what is within it; and العَالَمُ الصَّغِيرُ, which is man, as being [a microcosm, i. e.] an epitome of all that is in the كَبِير: and Zj says that العَالَمُ has no literal sing., because it is [significant of] a plurality [of classes] of diverse things; and if made a sing. of one of them, it is [significant of] a plurality of congruous things: (TA:) the pl. is العَالَمُونَ (S, M, Msb, K, &c.) and العَوَالِمُ: (S, TA:) and the sing. is [said to be] the only instance of a word of the measure فَاعَلٌ having a pl. formed with و and ن, (ISd, K, TA,) except يَاسَمٌ: (K, TA:) [but see this latter word:] العَالَمُونَ signifies the [several] sorts of created beings or things: (S:) [or all the sorts thereof: or the beings of the universe, or of the whole world:] it has this form because it includes mankind: or because it denotes particularly the sorts of created beings consisting of the angels and the jinn and mankind, exclusively of others: I'Ab is related to have explained رَبُّ العَالَمِينَ as meaning the Lord of the jinn, or genii, and of mankind: Katádeh says, the Lord of all the created beings: but accord. to Az, the correctness of the explanation of I'Ab is shown by the saying in the beginning of ch. xxv. of the Kur-án that the Prophet was to be a نَذِير [or warner] لِلْعَالَمِينَ; and he was not a نذير to the beasts, nor to the angels, though all of them are the creatures of God; but only to the jinn, or genii, and mankind. (TA.) b2: عَالَمٌ is also syn. with قَرْنٌ [as meaning A generation of mankind; or the people of one time]. (O, voce طَبَقٌ, q. v.) عَالِمٌ and ↓ عَلِيمٌ signify the same, (IJ, Msb, K, *) as epithets applied to a man; (K;) i. e. Possessing the attribute of عِلْم (IJ, Msb, TA) as a faculty firmly rooted in the mind; [or learned; or versed in science and literature;] the former being used in [what is more properly] the sense of the latter; (IJ, TA;) which is an intensive epithet: (TA:) the pl. is عُلَمَآءُ and عُلَّامٌ, (K,) the latter of which is pl. of عَالِمٌ; (IB, TA;) the former being [properly] pl. of عَلِيمٌ; and عَالِمُونَ is [a] pl. of عَالِمٌ; (Msb;) [but] عُلَمَآءُ is used as a pl. of both, (IJ, TA,) and by him who says only عَالِمٌ [as the sing.], (Sb, TA;) because عَالِمٌ is used in the sense of عَلِيمٌ: to him who is entering upon the study of العِلْم, the epithet ↓ مُتَعَلِّمٌ [which may generally be rendered learning, or a learner,] is applied; not عَالِمٌ. (IJ, TA.) عَالِمٌ is also expl. as signifying One who does according to his knowledge. (TA.) b2: See also عَلِيمٌ: and أَعْلَمُ.

A2: And see العَالَمُ.

عَيْلَمٌ A well having much water: (S, K:) or of which the water is salt: (K:) and a wide well: and sometimes a man was reviled by the saying, يَا ابْنَ العَيْلَمِ, referring to the width of his mother [in respect of the فَرْج]: (TA:) pl. عَيَالِمُ or عَيَالِيمُ. (S, accord. to different copies: in the TA, in this instance, the latter.) b2: And The sea: (S, K:) pl. عَيَالِمُ. (TA.) b3: And The water upon which is the earth: (S, K:) or water concealed, or covered, in the earth; or beneath layers, or strata, of earth; mentioned by Kr: (TA:) [عَيْلَمُ المَآءِ occurs in the JK and TA in art. خسف, and is there plainly shown to mean the water that is beneath a mountain, or stratum of rock: (see also غَيِّثٌ: and see غَيْلَمٌ:) and it is said that] المَأءُ العَيْلَمُ means copious water. (Ham p. 750.) b4: And A large cooking-pot. (T, TA voce هِلْجَابٌ.) A2: Also Plump, and soft, tender, or delicate. (S, K.) A3: And The frog. (AAF, K. [This meaning is also assigned to غَيْلَمٌ.]) b2: And i. q. ↓ عَيْلَامٌ; (K;) which signifies A male hyena; (S, K;) occurring in a trad. (خَبَر) respecting Abraham, relating that he will take up his father to pass with him the [bridge called] صِرَاط, and will look at him, and lo, he will be عَيْلَامٌ أَمْدَرُ [a male hyena inflated in the sides, big in the belly, or having his sides defiled with earth or dust]. (TA.) عَيْلَامٌ: see the next preceding sentence.

أَعْلَمُ [More, and most, knowing or learned]. Applied to God, [it may often be rendered Supreme in knowledge: or omniscient: but often, in this case,] it means [simply] ↓ عَالِمٌ [in the sense of knowing, or cognizant]. (Jel in iii. 31, and I'Ak p. 240.) [Therefore اَللّٰهُ أَعْلَمُ virtually means, sometimes, God knows best; or knows all things: and sometimes, simply, God knows.]

A2: Also [Harelipped; i. e.] having a fissure in his upper lip: (S, Mgh, Msb, K:) or in one of its two sides: (K:) the camel is said to be اعلم because of the fissure in his upper lip: when the fissure is in the lower lip, the epithet أَفْلَحُ is used: and أَشْرَمُ is used in both of these, and also in other, similar, senses: (TA:) the fem. of أَعْلَمُ is عَلْمَآءُ: (S, Msb, TA:) which is likewise applied to a lip (شَفَةٌ). (TA.) b2: العَلْمَآءُ signifies also The coat of mail: (K:) mentioned by Sh, in the book entitled كِتَابُ السِّلَاحِ; but as not heard by him except in a verse of Zuheyr Ibn-Khabbáb [?]. (TA.) أُعْلُومَةٌ: see عَلَامَةٌ, in two places.

تِعْلِمَةٌ and تِعْلَامَةٌ: see عَلَّامٌ; each in two places.

مَعْلَمٌ i. q. مَظِنَّةٌ; مَعْلَمُ الشَّىْءِ signifying مَظِنَّتُهُ; (K, TA;) as meaning The place in which is known the existence of the thing: (Msb in art. ظن:) pl. مَعَالِمُ; (TA;) which is the contr. of مَجَاهِلُ, pl. of مَجْهَلٌ [q. v.] as applied to a land; meaning in which are signs of the way. (TA in art. جهل.) And hence, [A person in whom is known the existence of a quality &c.:] one says, هُوَ مَعْلَمٌ لِلْخَيْرِ [He is one in whom good, or goodness, is known to be]. (TA.) b2: Also A thing, (K,) or a mark, trace, or track, (S, TA,) by which one guides himself, or is guided, (S, K, TA,) to the road, or way; (S, TA;) as also ↓ عُلَّامَةٌ and ↓ عَلْمٌ: (K: [in several copies of which, in all as far as I know, وَالعَلْمُ is here put in the place of والعَلْمِ; whereby العَلْمُ is made to be syn. with العَالَمُ: but accord. to SM, it is syn. with المَعْلَمُ, as is shown by what here follows:]) and hence a reading in the Kur [xliii. 61], ↓ وَإِنَّهُ لَعَلْمٌ لِلسَّاعَةِ, meaning And verily he, i. e. Jesus, by his appearing, and descending to the earth, shall be a sign of the approach of the hour [of resurrection]: it is also said, in a trad., that on the day of resurrection there shall not be a مَعْلَم for any one: and the pl. is مَعَالِمُ. (TA.) And مَعْلَمُ الطِّرِيقِ signifies The indication, or indicator, of the road, or way. (TA.) b3: [And hence it signifies likewise An indication, or a symptom, of anything; like عَلَامَةٌ.] b4: See also عَلَمٌ, last quarter.

مُعْلَمٌ pass. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ, and thus applied as an epithet to a garment, or piece of cloth: (S:) [and also in other senses: thus in a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مَشُوفٌ:] and applied to a قِدْح [or gamingarrow] as meaning Having a mark [made] upon it. (TA.) b2: [See also a verse of 'Antarah cited voce مِشَكٌّ.]

مُعْلِمٌ act. part. n. of أَعْلَمَ [q. v.] in the phrase اعلم الثَّوْبَ: [and in other senses:] b2: thus also of the same verb in the phrase اعلم الفَارِسُ. (S.) مُعَلَّمٌ [pass. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: b2: and hence particularly signifying] Directed by inspiration to that which is right and good. (TA.) مُعَلِّمٌ [act. part. n. of 2, in all its senses: and generally meaning] A teacher. (KL.) b2: [It is now also a common title of address to a Christian and to a Jew.]

مَعْلُومٌ [Known; &c.]. الوَقْتُ المَعْلُومُ [mentioned in the Kur xv. 38 and xxxviii. 82] means[The time of] the resurrection. (TA.) And الأَيَّامُ المَعْلُومَاتُ [mentioned in the Kur xxii. 29] means[The first] ten days of Dhu-l-Hijjeh, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) the last of which is the day of the sacrifice. (TA.) b2: [In grammar, The active voice.]

مُتَعَلِّمٌ: see عَالِمٌ.

عجن

1 عَجَنَهُ, aor. ـِ and عَجُنَ, [inf. n. عَجْنٌ,] He kneaded it; i. e. he bore upon it with his fist, or clinched hand, pressing it; as also ↓ اعتجنهُ: (K:) or عَجَنَتْ, (S, TA,) or عَجَنَتْ عَجِينًا, (Msb,) aor. ـِ (Msb, TA, and so in copies of the S,) or ـُ (so in a copy of the S,) inf. n. عَجْنٌ, she (a woman) made, or prepared, [or kneaded,] عَجِين [i. e. dough]; (S, Msb, TA;) as also ↓ اعتجنت, (S, TA,) or عَجِينًا ↓ اعتجنت. (Msb.) إِنَّ فُلانًا لَيَعْجُِنُ بِمِرْفَقَيْهِ حُمْقًا [Verily such a one kneads with his two elbows by reason of stupidity] is a saying mentioned by Lth. (TA.) b2: And عَجَنَ, said of a man, He rose bearing upon the ground (IF, S, Msb, K, TA) with his fist, or clinched hand, (TA,) as though he were kneading (كَأَنَّهُ يَعْجِنُ), (IF, Msb,) by reason of age (IF, S, Msb, K, TA) or fatness. (TA.) It is said in a trad., of Ibn-'Omar, كَانَ يَعْجِنُ فِى الصَّلٰوةِ i. e. He used to bear upon his two hands when he rose in prayer, like as does he who kneads dough: and he said that he had seen the Apostle of God do so. (TA.) and one says of an old man, عَجَنَ وَخَبَزَ, which is expl. in the A as meaning (assumed tropical:) He became old, or aged; because such, when he desires to rise, bears upon the outer sides of the fingers of his two hands like the kneader, and upon his two palms like the maker of bread. (TA.) [See also 4, first sentence.] b3: And عَجَنَ عَلَى العَصَا, aor. ـِ inf. n. عَجْنٌ, He (a man) bore, or stayed himself, upon the staff. (Msb.) b4: And عَجَنَتْ, (S, K,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) She (a camel) beat the ground with her fore feet in her going along. (S, K.) And one says of a horse or other animal, يَعْجِنُ بِرِجْلَيْهِ [He beats the ground with his kind feet]. (S and K in art. قمص.) A2: عَجَنَهُ, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) also signifies He struck his عِجَان, [q. v.]. (K.) A3: عَجِنَتْ, aor. ـَ (S, K, TA,) inf. n. عَجَنٌ, (S, TA,) said of a she-camel, (S, K, TA,) [app. signifies She was, or became, such as is termed عَجِنَةٌ or عَجْنَآءُ in any of the senses assigned to these epithets: or] she was, or became, fat: (S:) or she had much flesh in the udder, with little milk: (TA:) or she had in her vulva a tumour (K, TA) like a wart, and resembling what is termed عَفَلٌ, (TA,) preventing conception, (K, TA,) and sometimes reaching to the anus. (TA.) [See also the next paragraph.]4 اعجن He (A man) was, or became, advanced in age. (TA.) [See also عَجَنَ وَخَبَزَ, above.]

A2: And He rode a fat she-camel. (K, * TA.) A3: And He had a tumour in his عِجَان [q. v.]. (K.) [See also 1, last signification.]

A4: And He begot a stupid child, such as is termed عَجِينَة. (TA.) 7 انعجن It (dough) became kneaded: so accord. to Freytag; but he has not named any authority for this.]8 إِعْتَجَنَ see 1, first sentence, in three places.

عَجَنٌ A tumour incident to a she-camel, between her vulva and her anus, which sometimes in consequence thereof become conjoined. (S.) [See also عَجِنَتْ (of which it is the inf. n.), last signification.]

عَجِنٌ (S, K) and ↓ مُتَعَجِّنٌ (K) A camel compact, or firm, by reason of fatness; (S, K, TA;) as though consisting of flesh without bone. (TA.) b2: For the fem. of the former, with ة, see أَعْجَنُ, in two places.

عِجَانٌ [The perinæum; i. e.] what is between the anus and the scrotum: (S, Msb:) or the [protion of the] قَضِيب [or virga] that is extended from the scrotum to the anus; (K;) or the kinder portion of the penis, extended within the skin: and that of a woman is the وَتَرَة [or intervening part, perhaps so called as being likened to the partition between the nostrils,] that is between the vulva and the anus: (TA:) and the اِسْت [or anus itself]: (K:) [see also عَضْرَطٌ:] pl. [of pauc.]

أَعْجِنًةٌ and [of mult.] عُجُنٌ. (TA.) اِبْنُ حَمْرَآءِ العِجَانِ is an appellation used in reviling, applied to one who is not an Arab; (TA in this art.;) or meaning Son of the female slave. (TA in art. حمر.) b2: Also The neck, (K, TA,) in the dial. of El-Yemen: or, as in the “ Nawádir ” of El-Kálee, the part beneath the chin. (K.) عَجِينٌ Kneaded; i. e. borne upon with the fist, or clinched hand, and so pressed; as also ↓ مَعْجُونٌ. (K.) b2: [Also, as a subst. mentioned in the S and Msb &c. as well known,] Dough; flour kneaded with water. (MA, KL, &c.) b3: And A catamite; as also ↓ عَجِينَةٌ: (IAar, K: *) pl. عُجُنٌ: or this means soft, or yielding, persons, of men and of women: (IAar, K:) and عَجِينٌ and ↓ عَجِينَةٌ are both applied to a man, but only the latter is applied to a woman: applied to a man, meaning weak in his body and in his intellect: (IAar, TA:) and ↓ عَجِينَةٌ as a masculine epithet signifies, (K, TA,) accord. to Lth, (TA,) stupid, or foolish; (K, TA;) as also ↓ عَجَّانٌ. (Lth, S, K.) عَجِينَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in three places.

A2: Also A company, an assembly, or an assemblage; syn. جَمَاعَةٌ; as also ↓ مُتَعَجِّنَةٌ [written by Freytag تَعْجِنَةٌ]: or such as is numerous. (K.) A3: أُمُّ عَجِينَةَ is an appellation of The رَخَمَة, [or female of the vultur percnopterus]. (K, TA.) عَاجِنٌ [act. part. n. of عَجَنَ: as such signifying Kneading. b2: And hence, as such, signifying also] Bearing with his hands upon the ground when rising, by reason of age [or fatness: see 1]: (S, Msb:) pl. عُجُنٌ, with two dammehs: so in the T. (Msb.) b3: And, [without ة,] applied to a she-camel, [and in a similar sense applied to a horse or other animal, (see 1,)] Beating the ground with her fore feet in her going along. (S, TA.) b4: And also, applied to a she-camel, In whose womb the young will not rest, or remain. (K.) عَاجِنَةٌ The middle of a place. (K.) عَجَّانٌ: see عَجِينٌ.

أَعْجَنُ, applied to an udder, The most scant of udders in milk and the goodliest thereof in appearance. (TA.) b2: And [the fem.] عَجْنَآءُ, applied to a she-camel, (S,) Fat; (S, K;) as also ↓ عَجِنَةٌ: (S:) and, so applied, that has attained the utmost degree in fatness; and so ↓ مُتَعَجِّنَةٌ: and one having little milk: (K, TA:) or having much flesh in the udder, with paucity of milk: and sometimes, one having much milk: (TA:) and one whose udder is pendulous, (K, TA,) by reason of the abundance of the flesh, (TA,) and whose teats cohere, and rise into the upper parts of the udder. (K, TA.) b3: Also, i. e. عَجْنَآءُ,(S, K, TA,) and ↓ عَجِنَةٌ, (K, TA,) applied to a she-camel, (S, K, TA,) Having a tumour between her vulva and her anus, which sometimes in consequence thereof become conjoined: (S:) or having in her vulva a tumour, (K, TA,) like a wart, and resembling what is termed عَفَلٌ, (TA,) preventing conception, (K, TA,) and sometimes reaching to the anus: and likewise applied to a ewe and to a cow. (TA.) مِعْجَنٌ A [bowl of the kind called] جَفْنَة [probably used for kneading dough therein]. (Fr and IAar, in TA, voce قَعْرٌ.) مَعْجُونٌ: see عَجِينٌ. b2: [Also, as a subst., An electuary; any drug, or drugs, mixed up with honey or inspissated juice or sirup; generally applied to such as contains opium, or some other intoxicating ingredient: pl. مَعَاجِينُ.]

مُتَعَجِّنٌ: see عَجِنٌ: and أَعْجَنُ: A2: and see also عَجِينَةٌ.