غلق

1 غَلَقَ as syn. with أَغْلَقَ: see the latter.

A2: Also, inf. n. غَلْقٌ, He went away. (TA.) b2: And غَلَقَ فِى الأَرْضِ, aor. ـِ inf. n. غَلْقٌ, He went far into the land; (Ibn-'Abbád, O, K, * TA;) as also فَلَقَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. فَلْقٌ. (Ibn-'Abbád, O, TA.) A3: غَلِقَ said of a door: see 7. b2: [Hence,] غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ, aor. ـَ (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. غَلَقٌ, (S, O, Msb,) or غُلُوقٌ, (IAar, TA,) or both, (Sb, TA,) (tropical:) The pledge was, or became, a rightful possession [i. e. a forfeit] to the receiver of it (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) when not redeemed within the time stipulated; (S, O, K;) or so غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ فِى

يَدِ المُرْتَهِنِ: (Sb, TA:) or غَلِقَ الرَّهْنُ means the pledge remained in the hand [or possession] of the receiver of it, the pledger being unable to redeem it; (IAar, TA;) accord. to the Bári', it is when a man pledges a commodity and says, “If I do not pay thee within such a time, the pledge shall be thine for the debt. ” (Msb.) This is forbidden in a trad. (S, Mgh, O, Msb, &c.) It is said in a trad. of the Prophet on this subject, لَا يَغْلَقُ بِمَا فِيهِ لَكَ غُنْمُهُ وُعَلَيْكَ غُرْمُهُ [meaning It shall not become a forfeit to the receiver with what is involved in it: (or, accord. to an explanation of the first clause in the Msb, it shall not become a rightful possession to the receiver for the debt for which it was pledged:) to thee shall pertain the regaining of it, and its increase, and growth, and excess in value, if such there be, and upon thee shall be the obligation of the debt belonging to it, and the bearing of any unavoidable damage that it may have sustained]: (O:) or لَهُ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ i. e., accord. to A 'Obeyd, to him (the owner) it shall return, and to him shall pertain its increase [if there be any], and if it have become defective, or have perished, [unavoidably,] he shall be responsible for it and shall pay the debt to him to whom it is owed without being compensated by [the remission of] aught of the debt: (Msb:) or لَكَ غُنْمُهُ وَعَلَيْهِ غُرْمُهُ, which means to thee (the pledger) shall pertain the increase of it (the pledge), and its growth, and its excess in value, [if it have any,] and upon him (the receiver of it) shall be the responsibility [to make compensation] for it if it perish [through his fault, in his possession], (O. [There are other, somewhat different, readings and explanations of this trad. in the Mgh &c.; but what I have here given, from the O and Msb, appear to me to be the most approvable. See also غُنْمٌ: and see art. رهن.]) Zuheyr says, وَفَارَقَتْكَ بِرَهْنٍ لَا فَكَاكَ لَهُ يَوْمَ الوَدَاعِ فَأَمْسَى الرَّهْنُ قَدْ غَلِقَا (assumed tropical:) [And she separated herself from thee with a pledge for which there is nothing wherewith it may be redeemed, on the day of valediction, so the pledge has become a forfeit to its receiver]: (S, Mgh, O, TA:) he means that she received his heart as a pledge, and went away with it. (Mgh, TA.) The saying of Ows Ibn-Hajar

أَبُو غَلَقٍ فِى لَيْلَتَيْنِ مُؤَجَّلِ means (assumed tropical:) The owner of a pledge that has become a rightful possession [or forfeit] to its receiver, the period for the release of which is two nights: to this he likens a captivated heart. (TA.) b3: One says also, of a slave who has received permission to traffic, غَلِقَتْ رَقَبَتُهُ بِالدَّيْنِ (assumed tropical:) His رَقَبَة [meaning person] has become a rightful possession [or a forfeit to his creditor or creditors] by reason of debt, when he is unable to free it. (Mgh.) b4: And غَلِقَ signifies also (assumed tropical:) He was unransomed, or unredeemed; said of a captive, and of a criminal. (TA.) b5: And (tropical:) He, or it, stuck fast: (S, O, TA:) thus in the saying, غَلِقَ قَلْبُهُ فِى يَدِ فُلَانَةَ [His heart stuck fast in the possession of such a woman or girl]: (TA:) and اِحْتَدَّ فَغَلِقَ فِى حِدَّتِهِ [He became excited by sharpness of temper, and stuck fast in his sharpness of temper]: (S, O. TA:) and غَلِقَ is said of anything that sticks fast in a thing, and cleaves to it: thus one says, غَلِقَ فِى

البَاطِلِ [He stuck fast in that which was vain, or false]: and the saying of El-Farezdak وَلَوْ كَانُوا أُولِى غَلَقٍ سِغَابَا means Had they been persons who had stack fast in poverty and hunger, cleaving thereto. (Sh, TA.) b6: Also, (Msb, TA,) inf. n. غَلَقٌ, (Mgh, Msb,) (assumed tropical:) He was, or became, disquieted, (Mgh,) or disquieted by grief; (Mgh, Msb;) or angry, (Msb, TA.) and excited by sharpness of temper. (TA.) Hence يَمِينُ الغَلَقِ (assumed tropical:) The oath of anger; said by some of the lawyers to be so called because he who swears it closes thereby against himself a door preventing him from advancing or drawing back. (Msb.) And hence إِيَّاكَ وَالغَلَقَ (assumed tropical:) Beware thou of, or avoid thou, the being disquieted, or disquieted by grief [or anger]: or, as some say, the meaning is, التَّطْلِيقَاتُ حَتَّى لَا يَبْقَى مِنْهَا ↓ لَا يُغْلَقُ شَىْءٌ (assumed tropical:) [i. e. The sentences of divorce shall not be closed, or concluded, at once, by one's saying

“ Thou art trebly divorced,” so that there shall not remain of them aught]; for one should divorce agreeably with the سُنَّة: (Mgh:) [or, accord. to the TA, إِيَّاكَ وَالغَلَقَ app. means beware thou of, or avoid thou, the state of straitness:] and الغَلَقُ signifies also the being in a state of perdition: (TA:) and contractedness of the mind or bosom, (Mbr, JK, TA,) and paucity of patience. (Mbr, TA.) b7: One says also, غَلِقَتِ النَّخْلَةُ, (O. K, TA,) inf. n. غَلَقٌ, (TA,) : The palm-tree had worms in the bases of its branches and was thereby stopped from bearing fruit; (O, K, TA;) and so عَنِ الإِثْمَارِ ↓ أُغْلِقَتْ. (TA.) b8: And غَلِقَ ظَهْرُ البَعِيرِ, (S, O, K, TA,) inf. n. غَلَقٌ, (S, O, TA,) (tropical:) The back of the camel became galled with galls not to be cured; (S, O, K, TA;) the whole of his back being seen to be two portions of cicatrized skin, the results of galls that had become in a healing state, and the two sides thereof glistening: ISh says that in the case of the worst galls of the camel, the furniture, or saddle and saddle-cloth, cannot be [partially] raised from contact with him [so as to be bearable by him]. (TA.) 2 غَلَّقَ see 4, former half, in three places.3 مُغَالَقَةٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The contending for a bet, or wager; syn. مُرَاهَنَةٌ; (O, K;) originally, in the game called المَيْسِر: whence, in a trad., the phrase اِرْتَبَطَ فَرَسًا لِيُغَالِقَ عَلَيْهَا (assumed tropical:) [He tied up a mare in order that he should contend upon her in a race for a stake or stakes]. (O.) 4 اغلق البَابَ, (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِغْلَاقٌ, (Mgh, K, &c.,) He made the door fast with a غَلَق, so that it could not be opened unless with a key; (Msb;) [i. e.] he locked the door; or bolted it: or he closed, or shut, it: (MA:) contr. of فَتَحَهُ: (O, K: *) and ↓ غَلَقَهُ, (S, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. غَلْقٌ, (S, O, Msb,) signifies the same; (S, O, Msb, K;) mentioned by IDrd, on the authority of Az; but rare; (Msb;) or a mispronunciation; (K;) or bad, (S, O, K,) and rejected; (S;) and غَلْقٌ is [said to be] the subst. from أَغْلَقَ; (S, Mgh, K;) whence the saying of a poet, وَبَابٍ إِذَا مَا مَالَ لِلْغَلْقِ يَصْرِفُ [And a door that, when it turns to be locked, or closed, creaks]: (S, O, Mgh: *) and one says, الأَبْوَابَ ↓ غَلَّقْتُ [I locked, or closed, the doors]; the verb being with teshdeed to denote multiplicity [of the objects]; (Sb, S, TA;) [and] it is so to denote muchness [of the action] or intensiveness, (O,) [for] one says also, البَابَ ↓ غلّق, a chaste phrase; El-Isbahánee says that ↓ غَلَّقْتُ signifies I locked, or closed, (أَغْلَقْتُ,) many doors, or a door several times, or a door well or thoroughly; (TA;) and one says also أَغْلَقْتُ الأَبْوَابَ; (S, O, TA;) said by Sb to be a good Arabic phrase; (TA;) but this is rare; (O;) El-Farezdak says, مَا زِلْتُ أَفْتَحُ أَبْوَابًا وَأُغْلِقُهَا حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَمْرِو بْنَ عَمَّارِ [I ceased not to open doors and to close them until I came to Aboo-'Amr Ibn-'Ammár], meaning, as AHát says, Aboo-'Amr Ibn-El-'Alà. (S, O, TA.) b2: [Hence] one says, أُغْلِقَ عَلَيْهِ الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) The affair was [as though it were closed against him; i. e., was made] strait to him. (TA. [See also 10.]) b3: And [hence] إِغْلَاقٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) The act of constraining: (Mgh, O, TA:) whence the saying in a trad., لَا طَلَاقَ وَلَا عَتَاقَ فِى إِغْلَاقٍ (assumed tropical:) [There is no divorcement of a wife, nor liberation of a slave, in a case of constraint]; (Mgh, * O, TA;) for the agent is straitened in his affair, (Mgh, TA,) as though the door were locked, or closed, against him, and he were imprisoned. (TA.) One says, أَغْلَقَهُ عَلَى شَىْءٍ (assumed tropical:) He constrained him to do a thing. (IAar, Mgh, TA.) b4: See also 1, last quarter, in two places. b5: One says also, اغلق الرَّهْنَ (tropical:) He made, or declared, the pledge to be due [or a forfeit to its receiver]. (IAar, TA.) And in like manner one says of the arrows termed مَغَالِق, [pl. of مِغْلَقٌ,] تُغْلِقُ الخَطَرَ i. e. (tropical:) They make the stake, or wager, or thing playedfor, to be due [or a forfeit] to the player (O, TA) who wins, or is successful. (TA.) b6: And اغلق القَاتِلَ (assumed tropical:) He delivered, or surrendered, the slayer to the heir, or next of kin, of the slain, that he might decide respecting his blood as he pleased. (O, TA.) And أُغْلِقَ فُلَانٌ بِجَرِيرَتِهِ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one was delivered, or surrendered, to be punished for his crime]. (TA.) And El-Farezdak says, أَسَارَى حَدِيدٍ أُغْلِقَتْ بِدِمَآئِهَا (assumed tropical:) [Captives in bonds of iron, delivered, or surrendered, to be punished for their bloods that they had shed]. (TA.) b7: And أُغْلِقَ فُلَانٌ (assumed tropical:) Such a one was angered. (TA.) b8: And الإِغْلَاقُ [or rather إِغْلَاقُ ظَهْرِ البَعِيرِ] signifies (assumed tropical:) The galling of the back of the camel by heavy loads: (K, TA:) whence the phrase مَنْ أَغْلَقَ ظَهْرَهُ [meaning (assumed tropical:) Such as has heavily burdened his back with sins], applied, in a trad., to one of those for whom the Prophet will intercede; the sins that have burdened the back of the man being likened to the weight of the load of the camel: [but] it is also said that الإِغْلَاقُ was a practice of the Time of Ignorance; that when the camels of any one of them amounted to a hundred, أَغْلَقُوا بَعِيرًا, i. e. (assumed tropical:) They displaced the سَنَاسِن [pl. of سِنْسِنٌ, q. v.] of one of the vertebræ of a camel, and wounded his hump, in order that he might not be ridden, and that no use might be made of his back; and that camel was termed مُعَنًّى [q. v. in art. عنو]. (TA.) 6 تغالقوا They contended, one with another, for bets, or wagers. See 3.]7 انغلق; (MA, TA;) and ↓ غَلِقَ, (TA,) inf. n. غَلَقٌ; (KL;) and ↓ استغلق; (KL, TA;) said of a door, (MA, KL, TA,) It was, or became, locked, or bolted; or closed, or shut; (MA, KL;) or difficult to be opened: (TA:) انغلق is the contr. of انفتح. (Msb.) b2: See a verse cited voce رَوِيْئَةٌ, in art. روأ. [And see also 10.]10 إِسْتَغْلَقَ see 7. b2: [Hence] one says, اِسْتَغْلَقَتْ رَحِمُ النَّاقَةِ فَلَمْ تَقْبَلَ المَآءَ (assumed tropical:) [The she-camel's womb became closed so that it did not admit the seminal fluid]. (Lth, K in art. ربع.) b3: And استغلق عَلَيْهِ الكَلَامُ (tropical:) Speech was as though it were closed against him, (S, O, K, TA,) so that he [was tongue-tied, or] spoke not: accord. to the A, it is said of one who is straitened, and required against his will to speak. (TA.) b4: And استغلق الأَمْرُ (assumed tropical:) i. q. أَعْضَلَ, q. v. (S and O in art. عضل.) b5: And استغلق الخَبَرُ (assumed tropical:) i. q. اِسْتَبْهَمَ, q. v. (Msb in art. بهم.) b6: And اِسْتَغْلَقَنِى فِى بَيْعِى, (ISh, O,) or فى بَيْعَتِهِ, (K,) (tropical:) He made me to be without the option of returning [in the selling to me, or in his sale]: (ISh, O, K, TA:) b7: and اِسْتَغْلَقَتْ عَلَىَّ بَيْعَتُهُ (ISh, O, K) (tropical:) His sale was to me without the option of returning. (K, TA.) غَلْقٌ is [said to be] the inf. n. of غَلَقَ as syn. with أَغْلَقَ: (S, O, Msb:) and (S, K) the subst. from the latter verb [q. v.]. (S, Mgh, K.) A2: As an epithet, (O, K,) applied to a man, or to a camel, (K,) or to each of these, (O,) Old, or advanced in age, and lean, meagre, or emaciated: (O, K, TA:) accord. to the “ Nawádir,” it is applied to an old man [app. as meaning lean, meagre, or emaciated]: (TA:) or red; (K;) or in this sense applied to a man, and to a skin for water or milk, and to leather: (Ibn-'Abbád, O:) or, accord. to AA, applied to a skin for water or milk, vitiated, or rendered unsound, in the tanning. (O.) مَالٌ غِلْقٌ (assumed tropical:) Unlawful property: (JK:) or property to which there is no access; (TA voce رِتْجٌ;) i. q. مَالٌ رِتْجٌ. (K and TA ibid.) One says حَلَالٌ طَلْقٌ: [see art. طلق:] and [in the contr. sense] حَراَمٌ غِلْقٌ (assumed tropical:) [Unlawful, inaccessible]. (TA.) غَلَقٌ [A lock;] a thing by means of which a door is made fast, (S, * O, * Msb, K, *) not to be opened save with a key; (S and K voce مِزْلَاجٌ;) a thing that is closed and opened with a key; (Mgh;) pl. أَغْلَاقٌ, (Sb, Msb, TA,) its only pl.: (Sb, TA:) and ↓ مِغْلَاقٌ is syn. therewith; (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K;) pl. مَغَالِيقُ: (Msb:) so too is ↓ مِغْلَقٌ: (Msb, TA:) and so ↓ مُغْلُوقٌ: (S, O, K:) and so ↓ غَلَاقٌ. (TA.) El-Farezdak has used its pl. metaphorically, [in a sense sufficiently obvious,] saying, فَبِتْنَ بِجَانِبَىَّ مُصَرَّعَاتٍ

وَبِتُّ أَفُضُّ أَغْلَاقَ الخِتَامِ meaning خِتَامَ الأَغْلَاقِ, the phrase being inverted by him. (TA.) b2: Also i. q. رِتَاجٌ, meaning A great door: whence the phrase مَفَاتِيحُ أَغْلَاقِهَا, by which are meant [the keys of] the [great] doors thereof. (Mgh.) غَلِقٌ [part. n. of غَلِقَ primarily signifying Being, or becoming, locked, or bolted; or closed, or shut. b2: And hence,] (tropical:) A pledge being, or becoming, a rightful possession [i. e. a forfeit] to the receiver of it, not having been redeemed within the time stipulated. (TA. [See also the verb.]) b3: And (assumed tropical:) A captive, and a criminal, unransomed, or unredeemed. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A narrow, or strait, place. (TA.) b5: (assumed tropical:) A man evil in disposition: or much, or often, in anger; thus expl. by Aboo-Bekr: or narrow in disposition, difficult to be pleased. (TA.) b6: And (tropical:) Speech, or language, [difficult to be understood,] dubious, or confused. (S, K, TA.) b7: And نَخْلَةٌ غَلِقَةٌ (tropical:) A palm-tree having worms in the bases of its branches and thereby stopped from bearing fruit. (TA.) b8: And غَلِقٌ applied to the back of a camel, (tropical:) Having incurable galls; the whole of it being seen to be two portions of cicatrized skin, and the two sides thereof glistening. (TA.) غُلُقٌ, applied to a door, [Locked; or bolted: or closed, or shut:] i. q. ↓ مُغْلَقٌ; (S, O, K;) of which ↓ مَغْلُوقٌ is a dial. var., but bad, (S, O,) and rejected. (S, TA.) غَلْقَةٌ, (S, O, K,) thus as heard by AHn from El-Bekree and others, (O,) and ↓ غِلْقَةٌ (O, K) as heard by him from one of the Desert-Arabs of Rabee'ah, the former the more common, (O,) and ↓ غَلْقَى, (K,) A certain tree [or plant] with which the people of Et-Táïf prepare hides for tanning by the treatment termed عَطْنٌ: (ISk, S, TA: [see عَطَنَ الجِلْدَ:]) accord. to information given to AHn by an Arab of the desert, (O,) a certain small tree, [or plant,] (O, K, TA,) resembling the عِظْلِم [q. v.], (O, TA,) bitter (O, K, TA) in an intense degree, not eaten by anything: it is dried, then bruised, and beaten, with water, and skins are macerated in it, in consequence of which there remains not upon them a hair nor a particle of fur nor a bit of flesh; this being done when they desire to throw the skins into the tan, whether they be of oxen or of sheep or goats or of other animals; and it is bruised, and carried into the various districts or towns for this purpose: (O, TA:) it is found in El-Hijáz and Tihámeh: (K, TA:) AHn says, it is a tree [or plant] not to be endured for pungency; the gatherer of it fears for his eyes from its exhalation or its juice: (TA:) it is of the utmost efficiency for tanning: (K, TA:) Lth says, (O, TA,) it is a bitter tree [or plant]; (O;) and it is a poison; a mixture being made with its leaves for wolves and dogs, which kills them; and it is used also for tanning therewith: (O, TA:) and AHn says, (TA,) the Abyssinians poison weapons with it, (K, TA,) cooking it, and then smearing with it the weapons, (TA,) and it kills him whom it smiles. (K, TA.) [Accord. to Forskål, (Flora Ægypt. Arab. p. lxvi.,) the names of “ Harmal حرمل, and Ghalget ed dib غلقت الديب,” by which he means حَرْمَل and غَلْقَة الذِّئْب, are now applied to Peganum harmala.]

غِلْقَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَلْقَى: see the next preceding paragraph.

غَلَاقٌ: see غَلَقٌ.

A2: It is also a subst. from the verb in the phrase أُغْلِقَ فُلَانٌ بِجَرِيرَتِهِ [q. v.]: 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd says, وَتَقُولُ العُدَاةُ أَوْدَى عَدِىٌّ وَبَنُوهُ قَدْ أَيْقَنُوا بِالغَلَاقِ [And the enemies say, “'Adee has perished, and his sons have made sure of being surrendered ”]. (TA.) إِغْلِيقٌ [like إِقْلِيدٌ, which is more common,] A key; pl. أَغَالِيقُ. (TA.) [أَغَالِيقُ may also signify Locks, as a pl. pl., i. e. as pl. of أَغْلَاقٌ, which is pl. of غَلَقٌ.]

مُغْلَقٌ: see غُلُقٌ.

مِغْلَقٌ: see غَلَقٌ. b2: Also, (S, O, K, TA,) and ↓ مِغْلَاقٌ is a dial. var. thereof in this sense, (TA,) An arrow, (K,) i. e. any arrow, (S, O,) used in the game called المَيْسِر: (S, O, K:) or, (K,) accord. to Lth, (O,) المِغْلَقُ signifies السَّهْمُ السّابِعُ فِى مُضَعَّفِ المَيْسِرِ [i. e. the seventh arrow, app. belonging to the class, of the arrows of the game of الميسر, to which manifold portions are assigned; for المُضَعَّفُ as used in relation to the game called الميسر I do not find expl. otherwise than as an appellation of “ the second of the arrows termed الغُفْل, to which are assigned no portion; ” (see art. ضعف, and see also سَفِيحٌ;) and this cannot be here meant, as the seventh arrow (which is commonly called المُعَلَّى) has seven portions assigned to it: therefore it seems that مُضَعَّف is here used, if not mistakenly, in a sense which, though admissible, is unusual in a case of this kind]: (O, K:) pl. مَغَالِقُ: (S, O, K: in the CK [erroneously] مَغَالِيقُ:) or المُغَالِقُ is one of the epithets applied to the winning arrows, and is not one of their [particular] names; (O, K;) they being those that make what is played-for to be a forfeit to the player (تُغْلِقُ الخَطَرَ لِلْقَامِرِ): so accord. to Az, who says that Lth has made a mistake in his explanation. (O.) مِغْلَاقٌ: see غَلَقٌ. [Hence] one says, فُلَانٌ مِفْتَاحٌ لِلْخَيْرِ مِغْلَاقٌ لِلشَّرِّ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one is a key to that which is good, a lock to that which is evil]. (TA.) b2: And i. q. مِرْتَاجٌ [A thing with which a door is closed, or made fast, (app. a kind of latch,) affixed behind the door, in the part next to the lock]. (TA.) [See art. رتج: and see مِعْلَاقٌ, which seems to have the same, or a similar, meaning.]) b3: And رَجُلٌ مِغْلَاقٌ. (Msb,) and قَوْمٌ مَغَالِيقُ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) A man, and a company of men, by means of whom (عَلَى يَدَيْهِ, Msb, and عَلَى أَيْدِيهِمْ, TA,) the pledge is made a forfeit (يُغْنَقُ). (Msb, TA.) And ذُو مِغْلَاقٍ means اَلَّذِى تُغْلَقُ عَلَى يَدِهِ قِدَاحُ المَيْسِرِ (assumed tropical:) [app. One by means of whom the arrows in the game called الميسر are withheld from the rest of the players; i. e. by his winning]: or, accord. to Z, يُغْلِقُ الحُجَّةَ عَلَى الخَصْمِ (assumed tropical:) [app. one who closes the argument against the adversary in a dispute]. (TA in art. علق.) b4: See also مِغْلَقٌ.

مَغْلُوقٌ: see غُلُقٌ.

A2: Also A hide in which [the plant called] غَلْقَة [q. v.] is put, when it is prepared for tanning by the treatment termed عَطْنٌ: (ISk, S, TA:) or a hide tanned with غَلْقَة. (O, K.) مُغْلُوقٌ: see غَلَقٌ.

غسل

1 غَسَلَهُ, (S, MA, O, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (Msb, K,) inf. n. غَسْلٌ, (S, MA, Mgh, O, Msb, K,) and غُسْلٌ is the subst, (S, Msb,) or a subst. (Mgh, K, TA) from الاِغْتِسَالُ, (Mgh, TA,) or, as some say. the latter is the inf. n. and the former is the subst., (MF, TA,) He washed it; with water (بِالمَآءِ): (MA:) غَسْلُ الشّىْءِ signifies the removing of dirt, or filth, and the like thereof, from the thing, by making water to run over it. (Mgh.) You say, غَسَلَ الجِلْدَ كُلَّهُ [He washed the skin, all of it], and المَيِّتَ [the dead body]: and ↓ غسّل has the like, but an intensive, meaning. (Msb.) See also 10. b2: وَاغْسِلْنِى بِمَآءِ الثَّلْجِ وَالبَرَدِ [lit. and wash Thou me with the water of snow and of hail], in a trad. relating to [forms of] prayer, means (assumed tropical:) and cleanse Thou me from sins. (TA.) and one says, غَسَلَ اللّٰهُ حَوْبَتَكَ i. e. (assumed tropical:) May God cleanse thee from thy sin. (TA.) b3: مَا غَسَلُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ مِنْ يَوْمِ الجَمَلِ [lit. They did not wash their heads &c., as one does in cleansing himself from impurity,] means مَا فَرَغُوا and مَا تَخَلَّصُوا [i. e., app., (assumed tropical:) they did not become free from the consequences of the Day of the Camel (the famous engagement between the forces of 'Alee and those of Áïsheh)]. (TA.) b4: And one says of a horse, غُسِلَ, like عُنِىَ, meaning He sweated; [or became suffused with sweat;] (Sh, O, K;) as also ↓ اِغْتَسَلَ (K.) [See an ex. of the former in a verse cited in art. عدو, conj. 3.] b5: غَسَلَ المَرْأَةَ signifies (tropical:) He compressed the woman (جَامَعَهَا); (Az, Mgh, O, TA;) like عَسَلَهَا, with ع; (Az, Mgh, TA;) much or little; (TA;) and ↓ غَسَّلَهَا signifies the same: (Mgh, O, TA:) or both signify he did so much. (K.) It is said in a trad., (Mgh, O, TA,) respecting [preparation for the prayers of] Friday, (Mgh,) مَنْ غَسَلَ وَاغْتَسَلَ, as some relate it, or, as others relate it, واغتسل ↓ من غَسَّلَ; the latter of which is said to mean Whose compresses his wife [before his going to the mosque]; (Mgh, O;) and El-Kutabee says that most hold this to be the meaning; i. e., lest he should see in his way anything that might divert his heart [from devotion]; (Mgh;) [and then washes himself;] and Az held غَسَلَ, without teshdeed to be correct (Mgh, O) in this sense: (Mgh:) or the meaning accord. to the reading of غسّل is, whose performs the [ablution termed] وُضُوءْ fully, washing every member [of those that are to be washed] three times, (Mgh, O,) and then washes himself for the [prayers of] Friday; (Mgh;) and accord. to IAmb, it means whose washes himself after الجِمَاع and then washes himself for the [prayers of] Friday; (O:) accord. to the K, ↓ التَّغْسِيلَ signifies the exceeding the ordinary bounds in washing the members: (TA:) he who explains as meaning the causing a woman to become under the obligation of performing a total ablution, بِأَنْ وَطِئَهَا, says what is improbable, and departs from the authorities respecting it. (Mgh.) b6: One say, also, غَسَلَ الفَحْلُ النَّاقَةَ, meaning (tropical:) The stallion covered the she-camel much. (K, TA.) [See also 4.] b7: And غَسَلَ, aor. ـِ (K, TA,) inf. n. غَسْلٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) He beat, and caused to suffer pain, (K, TA,) بِالسَّوْطِ [with the whip]. (TA.) 2 غَسَّلَ see the preceding paragraph, in four places 4 اغسل [said of a stallion, and intrans.,] (assumed tropical:) He covered much, or often; syn. أَكْثَرَ الضِّرَابَ (Fr, O, K.) [See also 1, last explanation but one.]7 انغسل said of a thing is quasi-pass. of غَسَلَهُ [i. e. it signifies It became washed, or washed off]. (O, TA.) [See غِسْلِينٌ.]8 اغتسل (S, O, Mgh, Msb, K) He washed [himself, i. e.] his whole person, (Mgh,) بِالمَآءِ [with water]. (S, Mgh, O, K.) And اغتسل لِلْجُمْعَةِ [He washed himself for the prayers of Friday]. (IAmb, O.) b2: And اغتسل بِالطِّيبِ He daubed, or smeared, himself, or did so copiously, so as to cause a dripping, (تَضَمَّخَ, Lh, TA,) or he sprinkled himself, (تَنَضَّخَ, K,) with perfume. (Lh, K.) b3: اغتسل said of a horse: see 1.10 إِسْتَغْسَلَ It is said in a trad., العَيْنُ حَقٌّ فَإِذَا اسْتُغْسِلْتُمْ

↓ فَاغْسِلُوا [The evil eye is a truth; so when ye are asked to wash, wash ye]: i. e., when he who was smitten by the eye of any one demanded [the performance of what is here meant], he brought to the smiter therewith a bowl in which was water, and he [the latter] would put his hand into it, and rinse his mouth [with some of it], then spit it out into the bowl; then he would wash his face in it; then he would put in his left hand, and pour upon his right hand; then he would put in his right hand, and pour upon his left hand; [then he would put in his left hand (a clause omitted in my original),] and pour upon his right elbow; then he would put in his right hand, and pour upon his left elbow; then he would put in his left hand, and pour upon his right foot; then he would put in his right hand, and pour upon his left foot; then he would put in his left hand, and pour upon his right knee; then he would put in his right hand, and pour upon his left knee; then he would wash what is termed دَاخِلَةُ الإِزَارِ [expl. in art. دخل]: and he would not put the bowl upon the ground: then he would pour that used water upon the head of the person smitten with the eye, from behind him, with one pouring; and he would be cured, with the permission of God. (TA.) غَسْلٌ inf. n. of غَسَلَهُ: (S, MA, Mgh, O, Msb, K:) or, accord. to some, this and ↓ غُسْلٌ have one and the same meaning; and the saying that this is the case is ascribed to Sb: (Msb:) or, as some say, the latter is the inf. n., and the former is the subst. (MF, TA.) See also the next paragraph.

غُسْلٌ the subst. from غَسَلَهُ [i. e. a subst. signifying A washing]: (S, Msb:) or a subst. (IKoot, Mgh, Msb, K, TA) from الاغتسال, (IKoot, Mgh, Msb, TA,) and [as such] signifying a complete washing [of oneself, i. e.] of the whole person: (IKoot, T, Mgh, Msb, TA:) it is in consequence of جَنَابَة [q. v.], and of childbirth, and for [the prayers of] Friday, and is the washing of the dead; but in other cases, the word ↓ غَسْلٌ, with fet-h, is used: (Ham p. 30:) and one says ↓ غُسُلٌ as well as غُسْلٌ, (S, O,) the former being a dial. var. of the latter: (TA:) El-Kumeyt says, describing a wild ass, تَحْتَ الأَلَآءَةِ فِى نَوْعَيْنِ مِنْ غُسُلٍ

بَاتَا عَلَيْهِ بِتَسْجَالٍ وَتَقْطَارِ [Beneath the (tree called) أَلَآءَة, in two sorts of washing that continued during the night upon him with much pouring and much dropping]; meaning that the water that was upon the tree poured upon him at one time; and at one time, that of the rain: (S, TA:) the pl. of غُسْلٌ is أَغْسَالٌ. (Msb.) See also غَسْلٌ. b2: And see غَسُولٌ.

غِسْلٌ A preparation for washing the head, consisting of خِطْمِىّ [or marsh-mallows] and other things (S, Mgh, O, Msb, K) of a similar kind, (Mgh, Msb, K,) [with water,] as [leaves of] the [species of lote-tree called] سِدْر, (Msb,) and طِين, (TA,) or طِينَةُ الرَّأْسِ, [meaning fullers' earth, which is often used in the bath and elsewhere instead of soap,] (Mgh,) and أُشْنَان [or potash]: (TA:) [and app. any wash for the head:] and ↓ غِسْلَةٌ signifies the same: (Mgh, K:) and also (this latter) leaves of the myrtle: and perfume; syn. طِيبٌ: and what a woman puts into her hair on the occasion of combing and dressing it: (K:) غِسْلَةٌ مُطَرَّاةٌ being myrtle [-leaves] rendered fragrant with aromatic perfumes, used in combing and dressing one's hair: one should not say غَسْلَةٌ. (S, O.) IAar cites the following verse (S, O) of 'Abd-Er-Rahmán Ibn-Dárah El-Ghatafánee, (O,) فَيَا لَيْلَ إِنَّ الغِسْلَ مَا دُمْتِ أَيِّمًا عَلَىَّ حَرَامٌ لَا يَمَسُّنِىَ الغِسْلُ [And, O Leylà, (لَيْلَ being a contraction of لَيْلَى, but in the O it is يا جُمْلُ O Juml,) verily the wash for the head, as long as thou remainest husbandless, shall be unlawful to me: the wash for the head shall not touch me]: i. e. I will not need the wash for the head by my جِمَاع of other than her: [he says thus] in eager desire of taking her in marriage. (S, O.) b2: See also غَسُولٌ.

A2: And see also غُسَلَةٌ.

رَجُلٌ غَسِلٌ (assumed tropical:) A man who compresses his wife much. (TA.) [See also غُسَلَةٌ.]

غُسَلٌ: see غُسَلَةٌ.

غُسُلٌ: see غُسْلٌ.

غَسْلَةٌ [A single act of washing: pl. غَسَلَاتٌ]. b2: [Hence,] one says, بَنَوْا هٰذِهِ المَدِينَةَ بِغَسَلَاتِ

أَيْدِيهِمْ (assumed tropical:) [They built this city] by means of their earnings. (TA.) غِسْلَةٌ: see غَسُولٌ: b2: and see also غِسْلٌ. b3: عَلَى وَجْهِهِ غِسْلَةٌ means His face is beautiful, with no fat, or fatness, upon it. (TA.) b4: أَبُو غِسْلَةَ is an appellation of The wolf: (O, K:) and so ابو عِسْلَةَ, with ع. (TA.) غُسَلَةٌ (S, Mgh, O, K) and ↓ غُسَلٌ and ↓ غَسِيلٌ and ↓ غِسِّيلٌ and ↓ مِغْسَلٌ (O, K) and ↓ غِسْلٌ, (K,) all, except the last, mentioned by Fr, (O, TA,) applied to a stallion [camel], (tropical:) That covers much: (Fr, Mgh, * O, K, TA:) or that does so much without impregnating: (Ks, S, K, TA:) and in like manner applied to a man. (K.) [See also غَسِلٌ.]

الغِسْلِينُ: see الغُسَالَةُ. b2: الغِسْلِينُ (in the Kur [lxix. 36], TA) What is washed off of the flesh and the blood of the inmates of the fire [of Hell]; (Akh, S, O;) [for] what comes forth from any wound, or sore, when it is washed, is termed غِسْلِين: (TA:) what is washed off from the bodies of the unbelievers, in the fire: (Msb:) or what flows from the skins of the inmates of the fire, (K, TA,) such as thick purulent matter &c.; thus expl. by Fr and Seer; (TA;) as though it were washed from them: (Sb, TA:) accord. to Mujáhid, a certain food of the inmates of the fire; and El-Kelbee says that it is what the fire has cooked, of their flesh, and has fallen off, and is eaten by them: (TA:) and, (K,) accord. to Ed-Dahhák, (O, TA,) a species of trees in the fire; (O, K, TA;) and so he says of الضَّرِيعُ: (O, TA:) and, (K,) accord. to Lth, (O, TA,) what is intensely hot: (O, K, TA:) the ى and ن are augmentative. (S, O, Msb.) غَسُولٌ (S, O, K) and ↓ غَسُّولٌ (O, K) and ↓ غُسْلٌ (Mgh, K) and ↓ غِسْلٌ and ↓ غِسْلَةٌ (IAth, K) Water with which one washes himself; (S, Mgh, O, K;) as also ↓ مُغْتَسَلٌ, occurring [in this sense] in the Kur xxxviii. 41: (S:) or the words preceding this signify water little in quantity, with which one washes himself: (TA:) and خِطْمِىّ [or marsh-mallows], (K, TA,) and أُشْنَان [or potash (see also غَاسُولٌ)], and the like thereof, and certain of the [plants termed] حَمْض: (TA:) or غَسُولٌ signifies a thing [or substance] with which the hand is washed, such as أُشْنَان &c.: (Har p. 86:) or, accord. to the M, anything with which one washes a head or a garment and the like. (TA.) [See also the pl. غَسُولَاتٌ voce دَلُوكٌ.]

غَسِيلٌ i. q. ↓ مَغْسُولٌ [i. e. Washed]; (S, O, Msb, K;) applied to a thing, (S, O,) and to a dead body; (Lh, Msb, TA;) and the former is also applied as an epithet to a fem. n., as is also غَسِيلَةٌ; (S, O, K;) or this last is used after the manner of substs., like نَطِيحَةٌ and ذَبِيحَةٌ; not as is said in the S [and O] after the manner of epithets: (IB, TA:) the pl. of غَسِيلٌ is غَسْلِى and غُسَلَآءُ; (Lh, K, TA;) and the pl. of غَسِيلَةٌ [and app. of غَسِيلٌ used a fem. epithet] is غَسَالَى or غُسَالَى. (K accord. to different copies.) Han-dhaleh Ibn-er-Ráhib was called غَسِيلُ المَلَائِكَةِ [The washed of the angels], because he died a martyr on the day of Ohod, and the angels washed him, (S, O, Msb,) accord. to the Prophet, who said that he saw them washing him. (O.) b2: See also غُسَلَةٌ. b3: [It is now used as meaning Clothes, or the like, put together to be washed.]

الغُسَالَةُ, (S, O, Msb,) or غُسَالَةُ الشَّىْءِ, (K,) That with which one has washed the thing: (S, O, Msb:) or the water with which the thing is washed. (K.) [Hence the latter often signifies The infusion of the thing; i. e. the liquid in which the thing has been steeped, and which is impregnated with its virtues.] b2: Also, the latter, What is extracted from the thing by washing. (K.) b3: And الغُسَالَةُ also signifies What is washed from the garment and the like; and so ↓ الغِسْلِينُ. (K.) غَسْوِيلٌ A certain plant, growing in places that exude water and produce salt: (O, K:) said by IDrd to be a species of trees. (O.) غَسَّالٌ [A washer of clothes, and also of the dead: fem. with ة]. (TA.) [See also غَاسِلٌ.]

غَسُّولٌ: see غَسُولٌ.

غِسِّيلٌ: see غُسَلَةٌ.

غَاسِلٌ A washer of the dead. (Msb.) [See also غَسَّالٌ.]

A2: And A species of trees. (TA.) غَاسُولٌ i. q. أُشْنَانٌ [i. e. Potash: and the plant from which it is prepared; kali, or glasswort; or mesembryanthemum nodiflorum (Forskål, Flora Ægypt. Arab. pp. lxvii. and 98), a species of glasswort]. (TA.) [See also غَسُولٌ.]

مَغْسِلٌ (S, O, Msb, K) and مَغْسَلٌ [which is anomalous] (S, O, K) and ↓ مُغْتَسَلٌ (K) A place in which the dead are washed: (S, O, Msb, K) pl. of the first (S, Msb) and second (S) مَغَاسِلُ: (S, Msb:) and one says also مَغْسَِلُ المَوْتَى. (S, O, Msb. *) مِغْسَلٌ A thing [i. e. vessel] in which (so in the M, in the K with which,) a thing is washed. (TA.) A2: See also غُسَلَةٌ.

مَغْسُولٌ: see غَسِيلٌ. b2: Hence one says, كَلَامُهُ مَغْسُولٌ, meaning (assumed tropical:) His speech, or language, is devoid of nice, or subtile, expressions or allusions; as though it were washed from such; or deserving to be washed and obliterated: or it may mean (tropical:) trimmed, or pruned. (TA.) مُغْتَسَلٌ A place in which one washes himself: (O, Msb, TA: *) dim. ↓ مُغَيْسِلٌ: and pl. مَغَاسِيلُ [which, if correct, is anomalous]. (TA.) b2: and it is said to signify also what is called in Pers\.

حوض مَسِين [or حَوْض مِسِين app. meaning A tank, or the like, of copper]. (Mgh.) b3: See also مَغْسِلٌ. b4: And see غَسُولٌ.

مُغَيْسِلٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

هد

أ1 هَدَأَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. هَدْءٌ and هُدُوْءٌ, He, or it, was quiet, or still, calm, or unruffled; (S, K;) was motionless; was silent: (TA:) [and so, app., ↓ اهدأ: see مُهْدِئٌ.] b2: تَهْدَى and هَادٍ occur for تَهْدَأُ and هَادِئٍ. (TA.) b3: هَدَأَ عَنْهُ It [pain or the like] became appeased, and quitted him. (TA.) b4: See 4. b5: أَتَانَا وَقَدْ هَدَأَتِ الرِّجْلُ (tropical:) He came to us when the foot (of the passenger by night) had become still. (S.) b6: اتانا بَعْدَ مَا هَدَأَتِ الرِّجْلُ والعَيْنُ (tropical:) He came to us after the foot (of the passenger by night), and the eye, were at rest. (S, TA.) b7: هَدَأَ بِالمَكَانِ (tropical:) He stayed, abode, or dwelt, in the place. (K.) b8: هَدَأَ, (inf. n. هُدُوْءٌ, TA,) (tropical:) He died. (K.) A2: هَدِئَ, aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. هَدَأٌ, (TA,) i. q. جَنِئَ, He had a curving back, &c.: (K:) or he had depressed and even shoulders, inclining towards the breast; not erect, or elevated: (Lth, and others:) or he was humpbacked. (S, TA.) b2: هَدِئَ It (a camel's hump) was bent by much lading, (K,) and had its soft hair (وَبَر) sticking upon it, without its being wounded. (TA.) 4 اهدأ He rendered quiet, still, motionless, silent. (K, TA.) b2: لَا أَهْدَأَهُ اللّٰهُ May God not give him rest from his labour, or fatigue! (K.) b3: الصَّبِىَّ ↓ هَدَأَ, and اهدأهُ, [the latter only I find mentioned in one copy of the S: but both are mentioned in another, as well as in the TA:] He patted the child with his hand, and quieted him, that he might sleep: (S, TA:) or, accord. to Az, اهدأتْ صَبِيَّهَا signifies She spoke soothingly to her child, and quieted him, that he might sleep: and مُهْدَأٌ is a child thus soothed. (TA.) b4: Accord. to IAar, مهدأ in the following verse of 'Adee Ibn-Zeyd, [quoted in the S,] شَئِزٌ جَنْبِى كَأَنِّى مُهْدَأٌ جَعَلَ القَيْنُ عَلَىالدَّفِّ إِبَرْ signifies a child soothed in order that he may go to sleep. Others read it as an inf. n. (TA.) A2: اهدأ (tropical:) He wore out a garment. (A.) b2: اهدأهُ اللّٰهُ God made it (a shoulder) to be in the state described in the explanation of the word أَهْدَأُ. (K.) b3: اهدأهُ It (old age, K, or beating, TA) rendered him what is termed أَهْدَأُ. (K.) هَدْءٌ: see 1. b2: أَتَانَا بَعْدَ هَدْءٍ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ, (S, K,) and ↓ هُدْءٍ, (K,) and ↓ هَدْأَةٍ, (S, K,) and ↓ مَهْدَإٍ, and ↓ هَدِىْءٍ, and ↓ هُدُوْءٍ, (K; the last is also an inf. n. and pl.; TA,) (tropical:) He came to us after a period, or portion, of the night; (S, TA;) or after about a third or fourth part of the night had elapsed, (S, TA,) when men were asleep, (S,) or at rest, and the night, and the foot of the passenger, were still: (Sb, K:) or هَدْءٌ is the first third part of the night; from the commencement to the third, (K,) when it begins to be still. (TA.) A2: هَدْءٌ and هَدْىٌ (in which the ى is said to be substituted for ء, TA.) Way, or manner, of life. (AHeyth, K.) A3: مَرَرْتُ بِرَجُلٍ هَدْئِكَ مِن رَّجُلٍ

i. q. هَدِّكَ: (see art. هد:) the latter is that which is commonly known and approved. (Ez-Zejjájee.) هُدْءٌ: see هَدْءٌ.

هَدَأٌ Smallness of a camel's hump, occasioned by his being much laden. (K.) It is less than what is termed حنب [a word app. incorrectly written, but which I am unable to correct]. (TA.) هَدْأَةٌ Quiet; stillness; rest from motion; silence. (Lh.) A2: See هَدْءٌ, and أَهْدَأُ.

مَا لَهُ هِدْأَةُ لَيْلَةٍ, (K,) mentioned by Lh, but not explained by him: thought by ISd to mean He has not a night's food: (and so accord. to the K:) i. e., what may quiet his hunger or sleeplessness or anxiety. (TA.) هَدَأَةٌ A kind of run. (K.) أَتَانَا هُدُوْءًا (tropical:) He came to us after a sleep: (S:) after men were at rest, and sleeping. (TA.) A2: See هَدْءٌ.

هَدِىْءٌ: see هَدْءٌ.

هُدَّآءَةٌ A slender horse: (K:) generally said to be a term peculiarly applied to the male only: but said by some to be common to the male and the female. (MF.) هُوَ أَهْدَأُ مِمَّا كَانَ (tropical:) He is more quiet, or more at rest, than he was: i. e., he is dead. From a trad. Said by Umm-Suleym to Aboo-Talhah, respecting her son, to comfort the heart of his father. (TA.) A2: أَهْدَأُ i. q. أَجْنَأُ, Having a curving back, &c.: (K:) humpbacked: (S:) or a person having the shoulders depressed, and even, and inclining towards the breast; not erect or elevated: fem. هَدْآءُ: you also say مَنْكِبٌ أَهْدَأُ a shoulder such as is described immediately above: and أَهْدَأُ a crooked man: (Lth, and others:) also a shoulder of which the upper part is swollen, or filled with fat and flesh, and its strength relaxed. (K: in some copies of which we read استرخى حيله: in others, حمله: [the former is the reading that I adopt].) b2: هَدْآءُ (so in the CK and a MS. copy: in the TA, ↓ هَدْأَةٌ, [which seems to be an error];) A she-camel having her hump bent by much lading, (K,) and the soft hair (وَبَر) sticking upon it, without its being wounded. (TA.) مَهْدَاءٌ: see هَدْءٌ.

مُهْدَأٌ: see 4.

مُهْدِئٌ Still; motionless. (TA, in art. خمد.) مَهْدَأَةٌ State, or condition. (S.) تَرَكْتُهُ عَلَى مُهَيْدِئَتِهِ I left him in the state, or condition, wherein he was: (As, S, K:) dim. of مَهْدَأَةٌ. (S.)

هن

أ1 هَنُؤَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَنَآءَةٌ; and هَنِئَ, aor. ـَ It came, or happened, without inconvenience, or trouble: (K:) [it was pleasant, or productive of enjoyment: see what immediately follows]. b2: هَنُؤَ الطَّعَامُ (S, K *) aor. ـُ inf. n. هَنَآءَةٌ (S, K) and هَنَأَةٌ and هَنْءٌ, (K,) or هِنْءٌ (as in some copies of the K, and in the L); epithet هَنِىْءٌ; (S;) and هَنِئَ, (Akh, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. هَنْءٌ; (TA;) and هَنَأَ, aor. ـِ (Lth,) The food was, or became, pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to the eater: or easy to swallow; not attended by trouble: [agreeable:] or not succeeded by harm, even after digestion. (Z, cited voce مَرُؤَ.) b3: هَنَأَنِى الطَّعَامُ, (Akh, S, K), and هَنَأَ لِىَ, aor. ـِ and هَنَاَ (S, K) and هَنُاَ, (K,) unexampled, says Akh, in the class termed mahmooz, (S,) [though بَرَأَ and قَرَأَ are similar with respect to their having damm to the aor. ,] inf. n. هَنْءٌ and هِنْءٌ, (S, K,) [The food was pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to me: or easy to swallow; &c.: see هَنُؤَ]. b4: هَنَأَنِى الطّعامُ وَمَرأَنِى: see art. مرأ. b5: هَنَأَهُ ذٰلِكَ, and هنأ لَهُ ذلك That (thing) was pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to him; &c. (TA.) [See هَنُؤَ.] b6: هَنَأَنِى خَبَرُ فُلَانٍ The news of such a one was pleasant to me to hear. (TA.) b7: هَنِئَ الطّعَامَ, aor. ـَ and بَالطّعامِ ↓ تهنّأ, (S, K,) and تهنّأ الطّعام, and استهنأهُ, (TA,) [He enjoyed the food; found it pleasant, or productive of enjoyment; &c.: see هَنُؤَ:] he found the food to be productive of no evil result, and not attended by inconvenience. (TA.) b8: هَنِئَ, (Az, S, K,) aor. ـَ inf. n. هَنَأٌ and هَنْءٌ, (K,) He (a beast) lighted upon a good piece of herbage, but did not satiate himself therewith. (Az, S, K.) b9: أَكَلْنَا هٰذَا الطَّعَامَ حَتَّى هَنِئْنَا مِنْهُ We ate this food until we were satiated with it. (TA.) b10: هَنِئَتِ الإِبِلُ The camels were satiated with herbage. (TA.) b11: هَنِئَ بِهِ He rejoiced in him, or it. (K.) b12: هَنَأَنَا اللّٰهُ الطَّعَامَ [God made the food pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to us: &c.: made us to enjoy it: see هَنُؤَ]. (TA.) b13: هَنَأَتْنِيهِ العَافِيَةُ [Health made it pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to me: &c.]. (K.) b14: لِيَهْنِئْكَ الفَارِسُ [May the horseman give thee joy: a form of congratulation on the exploits of a horseman; i. e., I congratulate thee on the exploits of the horseman]: also written and pronounced لِيَهْنِيكَ: ليهنك, though it occurs in a trad., pronounced لِيَهْنِكَ or لِيَهْنَكَ, (but which pronunciation is to be preferred is disputed,) is said to be a vulgarism, and not allowable. (TA.) b15: هَنَأَهُ, aor. ـَ (K) [and app., هَنِاَ (see هَانِئٌ)], inf. n. هَنْءٌ, (TA,) He fed him; or gave him to eat. (K.) b16: هَنَأَهُ, aor. ـَ and هَنِاَ, (S, K,) inf. n. هَنْءٌ; (S;) and ↓ اهنأهُ; (IAar, K;) He gave him, or bestowed upon him: (S, K:) gave him plentifully. (TA.) b17: هَنَأَ الطَّعَامَ, inf. n. هَنْءٌ and هِنْءٌ (K) and هَنَآءَةٌ (as in some copies of the K) or هَنَأَةٌ (as in others) or هِنَأَةٌ (as in others) or هَنْأَةٌ (as in the CK), He made the food good; qualified it properly; seasoned it: syn. أَصْلَحَهُ. (K.) b18: هَنَأَ مَالَهُ, (TA,) and ماله ↓ اهتنأ, (K,) He put his property in a right, or good, state. (K.) b19: هَنَأَ القَوْمَ, aor. ـَ He nourished, or maintained, the people; (S;) satisfied their wants; bestowed upon them. (TA.) Ex. هَنَأَهُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ [He maintained them two months]. Hence the proverb quoted in illustration of the word هَانِئٌ, accord. to the second reading. (TA) b20: هَنَأَهُ He aided, succoured, or defended, him. (K.) A2: هَنَأَ الإِبِلَ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) and هَنِاَ and هَنُاَ (K: dev. from constant rule as shown above: TA), inf. n. هَنَأٌ and هَنْءٌ, (TA,) He smeared the camels with هِنَآء, which is tar, or liquid pitch, syn. قَطِرَان, (Az, S, K,) or a kind thereof, (TA,) [as a remedy for, or preservative against, the mange, or scab]. b2: لَيْسَ الهَنْءُ بِالدَّسِّ The smearing of a camel [all over] with هِنَآء is not [merely] smearing the cavities under the shoulders, and the like, which the mange, or scab, more quickly attacks. A proverb, applied to him who does not a thing thoroughly. (TA.) b3: See 2.2 هَنَّاهُ وَمَنَّاهُ (in a trad. respecting the prostration for inattention) He (the devil) made him to think of pleasant things, or things productive of enjoyment, and of things wished for, or objects of desire, in his prayer. The former verb is pronounced thus to assimilate it to the latter. (TA.) b2: هنّأهُ بِالأَمْرِ, inf. n. تَهْنِئَةٌ and تَهْنِىْءٌ; (S, K;) and ↓ هَنَأَهُ, (K,) inf. n. هَنْءٌ; (TA;) He congratulated him on the thing, (S, K,) such as the possession of a government, &c.: (S:) he said to him لِيَهْنِئْكَ [May it give thee joy]. (K.) b3: [When the agent of the verb is God, the meaning necessarily is, He granted him enjoyment in the thing; made him to have enjoyment in it.] b4: هُنِّئْتَ وَلَا تُنْكَهْ: see art. نكأ.4 أَهْنَاَ see 1.5 تهنّأ He gave many gifts. (IAar.) b2: تهنّأ

بِكَذَا [unless it be a mistake for تهيّأ, as IbrD suggests, which I think not improbable, though mentioned in this art. in the TA] He prided himself in such a thing: syn. تمرّأ and تغيّظ and تسمّن and تخيّل and تزيّن. (TA.) b3: See 1.8 إِهْتَنَاَ see 1.10 استهنأهُ He asked him for aid, succour, or defence. (K.) b2: He asked him for a gift. (K, TA.) b3: He conceded to him, or gave him, a part of his dues, or rights. (TA.) b4: See 1.

هِنْءٌ A gift. (S, K.) A2: A part of the night. (K.) A3: هِنْءٌ subst. from هَنَأَ الإِبِلَ; (K;) i. e., The smearing with هِنَآء. (MF.) إِبِلٌ هَنْأَى Camels which have lighted upon a good piece of herbage, but are not satiated therewith. (K.) هِنَآءٌ Tar, or liquid pitch; syn. قَطِرَانٌ: (S, K:) or a kind thereof. (TA.) See also نُورَةٌ; and قالِبٌ.

A2: هِنَآءٌ dial. var. of إِهَانٌ, (K,) or formed from the latter by transposition, (TA,) A raceme of a palm-tree. (AHn, K.) [See إِهَانٌ.]

هَنِىْءٌ What comes or happens to one without inconvenience, or trouble: (S, K:) [what is pleasant, or productive of enjoyment; an unalloyed gratification, i. e., a thing that gives unalloyed enjoyment; see what follows:] as also ↓ مَهْنَأٌ, (K,) a subst., sometimes written and pronounced مَهْنَا; pl. مَهَانِئُ, sometimes written and pronounced مَهَانٍ. (TA.) [See مهنأ also below.] b2: Pleasant, or productive of enjoyment, to the eater: or easy to swallow; not attended by trouble: or not succeeded by harm, even after its digestion. (Z, cited voce مَرُؤَ.) b3: هَنِيْئًا مَرِيْئًا [May it be, or Eat it, or Drink it, with enjoyment, and with wholesome result: or with ease in the swallowing, and with quickness in digesting: &c.: see مَرُؤَ]. (S.) b4: هَنِيْئًا لَهُ ذٰلِكَ [May that be productive of enjoyment to him!]. (TA.) b5: هَنِيْئًا and مَرِيْئًا are of the number of epithets which are employed after the manner of inf. ns. significant of a prayer or good wish, governed in the acc. case by a verb understood. (Sb.) هُنَيْئَةٌ (K) and هُنَيَّةٌ and هُنَيْهَةٌ (the second is the most usual; and the third is said to be formed by substituting ه for ء; but accord. to some, the word is incorrectly written with ء, [so says F,] and is a dim. formed from هَنْوَةٌ, which becomes first هُنَيْوَةٌ, and then هُنَيَّةٌ: see art. هنو:) (TA:) A little; a little while. (K.) هَانِئٌ A servant. (K.) b2: هَانِئًا occurs in this sense in a trad.; but the reading commonly known is مَاهِنًا. If right, it is an act. part. n. from هنأ “ he gave. ” (TA.) b3: إِنَّمَا سُمِّيتَ هَانِئًا لِتَهْنِئَ, or لِتَهْنَأَ; the former is the reading of El-Umawee; the latter, of Ks; Thou art only named Háni (Giver, or Nourisher,) that thou mayest give, accord. to both readings; or that thou mayest nourish, or maintain, and supply people's wants; لتعول وتكفى: (TA:) [such is said to be the meaning of لتهنأ here:] and accord. to El-Umawee, لتهنئ signifies لِتُمْرِئَ, (S,) [which is app. the same as لتعول]. A proverb: said to him who is known for his beneficence, in order that he may continue to do as he has been wont. (TA.) مَهْنَأٌ: see هَنِىءٌ. b2: لَكَ المَهْنَأُ, (S,) and المَهْنَا, (TA,) [Unalloyed gratification to thee!] b3: لَكَ المَهْنَأُ وَعَلَيْهِ الوِزْرُ [To thee be unalloyed gratification, and on him be the burden, or sin]: said, accord. to a trad., to one who asked whether he should accept an invitation to eat the food of one who received unlawful interest or profit; and also said with respect to eating the food of a tyrannical intendant. (TA.) مَهْنُوْءٌ A camel smeared with هِنَاء. (S.)

هلب

1 هَلِبَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. هَلَبٌ, He had much hair [of the kind termed هُلْب]; was very hairy. (K.) b2: هَلَبَ ذَنَبَ الفَرَسِ, and هَلَبَ الفَرَسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. هَلْبٌ, He shore the tail of the horse: (Msb:) shore it, or cut it off, utterly. (TA.) هَلَبَهُ; (S, K;) and ↓ هلّبه, (K,) inf. n. تَهْلِيبٌ; (TA;) He plucked from him (i. e. a horse, S,) his هُلْب [or coarse hair, of the tail &c.]. (S, K.) b3: هُلِبَ It (a tail) was entirely cut off. (TA.) A2: هَلَبَهُمْ بِلِسَانِهِ, aor. ـِ and ↓ هلّبهم, (inf. n. تَهْلِيبٌ, TA;) (tropical:) He satirized and reviled them: (K:) he carped at them severely with his tongue. (TA.) A3: هَلَبَ, aor. ـُ and ↓ اهلب, (inf. n. إِهْلَابٌ, TA) ; He (a horse) prosecuted, or continued, his course, or run, uninterruptedly; syn. تَابَعَ الجَرْىَ: (K:) and, the latter verb, he (a horse,) was ardent, or impetuous, in his course, or running; as also أَلْهَبَ. (As, in TA, art. لهب.) [See also ضَهبَ القَوْمُ]

A4: هَلَبَتِ السَّمَاءُ القَوْمَ The sky wetted the people with dew (نَدًى): or, with continual rain. (K.) هَلَبَتْنَا السَّمَاءُ The sky wetted us with dew (ندى) or the like; (TA;) as also ↓ أَهْلَبَتْنَا: (T:) the sky rained upon us a copious, or an excellent, rain. (TA.) 2 هَلَّبَ see 1.4 أَهْلَبَ see 1.5 تهلّب and ↓ انهلب [He, a horse, had his tail shorn: see 1:] he had his هُلْب [or coarse hair, of the tail &c.,] plucked out. (K.) 7 إِنْهَلَبَ see 5.8 اهتلب He drew a sword from its scabbard. (TA.) هُلْبٌ, [a coll. gen. n.,] Hair, absolutely: or coarse hair; (K;) as the hair of the tail of a she-camel: (Az:) or hair of the tail: or pigs' bristles, with which skins and the like are sewed: (K:) J gives this last signification to ↓ هُلْبَةٌ: and also, coarse hair of the tail &c.: (so in the S:) but هُلْبَةٌ is the n. un. (TA.) b2: هُلْبٌ, The eyelashes. (TA.) b3: هُلْبٌ, call. gen. n., Hair that one plucks from the tail: n. un. with ة. (TA.) b4: هُلَبٌ [pl. of هُلْبَةٌ] Tails and manes plucked out. (TA.) A2: هُلْبٌ Continuance, or constant succession, of rain. (TA.) رَجُلٌ هَلِب [A man having much hair; of the kind called هُلْب; very hairy: see هَلِبَ:] a man whose هُلْب is growing forth. (TA.) هُلْبَةٌ The hair that is above the pubes, extending near to the navel. (TA.) See هُلْبٌ.

A2: هُلْبَةٌ Severity, or pressure, of fortune: like كُلْبَةٌ and جُلْبَةٌ. (S.) b2: Also, and ↓ هُلُبَّةٌ, Severity, or intenseness, of winter. (K.) أَتَيْتُهُ فِى هلبةِ الشِّتَاءِ I came to him during the severe, or intense, cold of winter. (El-Umawee.) هُلُبَّةٌ: see هُلْبَةٌ.

هَلُوبٌ A woman who draws near to her husband, or ingratiates herself with him; syn. مُتَقَرِّبَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا; (K, TA;) and is loving, or affectionate, to him; and distant with respect to others. (TA.) b2: Also, contr., A woman who is distant, or shy, with respect to her husband, or who alienates herself from him, or avoids or shuns him, (K,) and draws near to, or ingratiates herself with, her special friend. (TA.) b3: From هَلَبَهُ بِلِسَانِهِ “ he carped at him severely with his tongue; ” because a wife carps either at her husband or at her friend: or, accord. to IAar, in the former sense, from ↓ يَوْمٌ هَلَّابٌ “ a day of gentle, constant, innocuous rain; ” and in the latter sense from the same phrase as signifying “ a day of rain attended by thunder and lightning and terrors, and destructive to dwellings. ” (TA.) هَلِيبٌ and هُلَيْبٌ: see هَلَّابٌ.

هُلَابَةٌ The filth that is washed away from the membrane which encloses the fœtus: (K:) i. q. حُوَلَاءُ: [a word which has two applications, which see:] also called هُلَابَةُ السقاء: (TA:) [but السقاء is written by mistake for السِّقْىِ]. [See also هُلَاتَةٌ.]

هَلَّابٌ (K) and هَلَّابَةٌ (S, K) A cold wind, with rain. (S, ISd, K.) b2: يَوْمٌ هَلَّابٌ A day in which is wind and rain: (S:) a day of rain attended by thunder and lightning and terrors, and destructive to dwellings. (IAar.) b3: Also, A day of gentle, constant, innocuous rain. (IAar.) b4: Also, A day of dry cold; or dry by reason of cold. (Az, in the T, art. حلب.) b5: عَامٌ هَلَّابٌ, and ↓ أَهْلَبُ, A year of much rain. (K.) b6: ↓ عام أَهْلَبُ (tropical:) A plentiful, or fruitful, year; a year of abundant herbage, or vegetation: like

أَزَبُّ. (S.) b7: هَلَّابٌ and ↓ مُهَلِّبٌ and ↓ هَلِيبٌ, (K,) or as in one copy of the K, that of Et-Tabláwee, the last is ↓ هُلَيْبٌ, (TA,) and this is the more correct reading, (MF,) [Three] very cold days, in Kánoon el-'Owwal [or January O. S.]: or in the severe, or intense, cold of winter: (K:) or in the severe, or intense, cold of the month [above mentioned], in the latter part of it. (L.) A2: هَلَّابٌ (tropical:) One who satirizes [and reviles] much: (ISh:) [who carps much and severely at others with his tongue: see 1].

هَالِبُ الشَّعْرِ and مُدَحْرِجُ البَعْرِ [Two] days of winter. (K.) b2: See art. دحرج b3: لَيْلَةٌ هَالِبَةٌ A rainy night. (K.) أَهْلَبُ Having much hair [of the kind called هُلْب]; very hairy: (K:) fem. هَلْبَاءُ. (CK.) A horse having much hair of the kind called هلب: (S:) a coarse-haired man: (TA:) a man having coarse hair upon the part where are the two veins called الأَخْدَعَانِ, and upon his body: (TA:) having much hair upon the head and body. (TA.) b2: أَهْلَبُ A tail cut off. (K.) b3: Also, [accord. to the CK, or,] Having no hair upon it: and, contr., Having much hair: (K:) [in each sense, as seems to be implied in the K, an epithet applied to a tail: but, app., accord. to the TA, applied to a horse]. b4: هَلْبَاءُ, fem., A beast of carriage (TA) having much hair. (K, TA.) b5: هَلْبَاءُ The podex; syn. إِسْتٌ: (K:) used as a subst.; originally an epithet. (TA.) b6: إِيَّاكَ وَأَهْلَبَ العَضْرَطِ Beware of him who has a hairy podex. Originally said by a woman to her son, who was boasting that he found no one whom he did not overcome, and who was afterwards thrown down by a man answering to this description. A proverb used in cautioning the self-conceited. (Meyd, TA.) b7: أَرْضٌ هَلْبَاءُ (tropical:) Land abounding with plants, or herbage. (TA.) b8: Also, [contr.,] (tropical:) Land of which the herbage has been eaten. (TA.) b9: هُلْبَةٌ هَلْبَاءُ (in the CK, هَلْبَةٌ هُلْبَاءُ) A severe calamity. (K.) b10: See هَلَّابٌ.

لَهُ أُهْلُوبٌ He [a horse] has ardour, or impetuosity, in his running &c.: formed by transposition from, or a dial. form of, أُلْهُوبٌ. (M.) عَدْوُهُ ذُو أَهَالِيبَ [His (a horse's) running is of ardent, or impetuous, modes, or manners]. (TA.) b2: أَهْلُوبٌ A kind, or way [or speech]: syn. فَنٌّ (K) and أَسْلُوبٌ: (AO:) pl. أَهَالِيبُ. (AO, K.) b3: اهلوبٌ من الثَّنَاءِ A kind, or way, of praising, or eulogizing. (TA.) مَهْلُوبٌ (S, A, L, Msb) and ↓ مُهَلَّبٌ (TA) A horse having his tail shorn: (Msb:) having the hair of his tail utterly removed: (L:) having his هُلْب [or coarse hair, of the tail &c.,] shorn: (A:) having his هلب plucked out. (S, TA.) مُهَلَّبٌ: see مَهْلُوبٌ.

مُهَلِّبٌ: see هَلَّابٌ.

هيب

1 هَابَهُ, (S, K, &c.,) first Pers\. هِبْتُ, originally هَبِيْتُ, (S,) aor. ـَ (S, K,) [originally يَهْيَبُ,] and يَهِيبُ, (IKtt, cited by MF,) imp. هَبْ, originally هَابْ, (S,) inf. n. هَيْبَةٌ (S, K, Msb) and مَهَابَةٌ (S, K) and هَيْبٌ; (K;) and ↓ اهتابه and ↓ تهيّبه; (K;) [He revered, venerated, respected, honoured, dreaded, or feared, him or it;] he regarded him or it, i. e., anything, TA,) with reverence, veneration, respect, honour, dread, or awe; (S, K, * Msb, TA;) and fear; (S, K;) cautious fear, or caution. (K, Msb.) b2: هَبِ النَّاسَ يَهَابُوكَ Reverence men, [and] they will reverence thee. (TA.) b3: هُوبَ, in which the original ى is changed into و, [He (a man) was regarded with reverence, veneration, or awe; with fear; or with cautious fear, or caution]. (S, K.) 2 هَيَّبْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ I made it to be regarded by him with reverence, veneration, or awe; with fear; or with cautious fear, or caution. (S, K.) 4 اهاب بِصَاحِبِهِ (tropical:) He called his companion. And in like manner, أَهَبْتُ بِهِ إِلَى الخَيْرِ (tropical:) I called him, or invited him, to what was good. (MF.) b2: اهاب بِالإِبِلِ He called to the camels, in driving them or urging them, by the cry هَابْ هَابْ. (K.) b3: اهاب بِغَنَمِهِ He (a pastor) cried out to his sheep, or goats, in order that they might stop, or return: and اهاب بِالبَعِيرِ [He cried out to the camel, for the same purpose]. (S.) الإِهَابَةُ is The crying out to camels, and calling them. (As and others.) b4: اهاب بَالخَيْلِ He called the horses, or called out to them by the cry هَابِ, (so in the S and in a MS. copy of the K: in the CK, هَابْ,) or by the cry of هَبْ and هَبِى, meaning Come! Approach! or Advance boldly! (K.) Az remarks his having heard هاب used [as a cry] only to horses; not to camels. (TA.) See هَبْهَبَ, in art. هب.5 تَهَيَّبَ see 1. b2: تَهَيَّبَنِى It filled me with awe, or fear: (El Jarmee:) it made me to fear: (S, ISd, Msb:) I regarded it with awe, or fear; i. q. تَهَيَّبْتُهُ: (Th:) I feared it; i. q. خِفْتُهُ. (S, ISd, K.) Ibn-Mukbil says, وَمَاتَهَيَّبُنِى المَوْمَاةُ أَرْكَبُهَا

إِذَا تَجَاوَبَتِ الأَصْدَاءُ بِالسَّحَرِ [And the waterless desert fills me not with awe, or fear; (or makes me not to fear, &c.;) I ride over it when the male owls (?) answer one another at early dawn: تهيّبنى being for تَتَهَيَّبُنِى]. (S, &c.) 8 إِهْتَيَبَ see 1.

هَبْ (K) and ↓ هَابِ and ↓ هَبِى, (S, K,) [but respecting the second of these words see 4,] Cries to horses, meaning, Come! Approach! (S, K,) or Advance boldly! (K.) هَابِ and هَبِى: see هَبْ.

هَابٌ (assumed tropical:) A serpent. (K.) b2: هَابٌ A calling to camels, in driving, or urging, them, by the cry هَابْ هَابْ. (K.) b3: See 4.

هَيْبَانٌ: see هَائِبٌ, and مَهِيبٌ.

هَيُوبٌ: see هَائِبٌ, and مَهِيبٌ.

هَيْبَةٌ and ↓ مَهَابَةٌ: see 1. b2: [As substs., Reverence, veneration, respect, honour, dread, or awe; fear; cautious fear, or caution.] b3: Also, great, reverend, or venerable, dignity; a quality inspiring reverence or veneration or respect or honour; venerableness; awfulness; a quality inspiring dread or awe. (MF.) هَيَّبٌ: see هَائِبٌ.

هَيَِّبَانٌ: see هَائِبٌ. b2: هَيَّبَانٌ (K) or [rather]

↓ هَيِّبَانٌ, (TA, [see هَائِبٌ]) A he-goat: (K:) explained by the word تَيْسٌ; but this is a signification not found [by SM] elsewhere, and appears to be a mistake for مَنْتَفِشٌ; for in the L and other lexicons we find the word explained by مُنْتَفِشٌ خَفِيفٌ, Scattered, and light; with a citation of the following verse of Dhu-r-Rummeh: تَمُجُّ اللُّغَامَ الهَيَِّبَانَ كَأَنَّهُ جَنَى عُشَرٍ تَنْفِيهِ أَشْدَاقُهَا الهُدْلُ [She ejects from her mouth the scattered and light froth, as though it were plucked fruit of the 'oshar which the flabby sides of her mouth cast forth:] and we also find, in the R, قُطْنٌ هيّبانٌ explained as signifying cotton that is plucked, or teased with the fingers, so as to become scattered; syn. منتفش: or هيّبان signifies, in the abovecited verse, accord. to some, Light, [which signification is also given in the K, but in the CK displaced; following, instead of preceding, the word الرَّاعِى, and without و before it;] and separated into small particles: (TA:) [or] the froth of the mouth of camels; (Az, K;) i. q. لُغَامٌ: (Mj, Sifr es-Sa'ádeh:) Az cites the above verse; and says, that the fruit of the عُشَر [or asclepias gigantea] comes forth like a small pomegranate, and, when burst open, discloses what resembles [white] raw silk; to which the poet likens the froth of the camel's mouth. (TA.) b3: هَيَّبَانٌ (or هَيِّبَانٌ, TA,) A pastor. (K, from Es-Seeráfee.) [Accord. to the CK, a light, or an active pastor: but see above.] b4: هَيَّبَانٌ (or ↓ هَيِّبَانٌ, TA,) Dust, or earth: syn. تُرَابٌ. (K.) b5: See هَائبٌ.

هَيِّبَانٌ: see هَيَّبَانٌ.

هَيَّابٌ: see هَائِبٌ.

هَيَّابَةٌ: see هَائِبٌ.

هَائِبٌ [act. part. n. of هَابَ, Regarding with reverence, veneration, dread, or awe; with fear; with cautious fear, or caution;] fearing men. (K.) This is the original [simple] epithet. (TA.) b2: The following, which are explained in the K in the same manner as the above, are intensive epithets: (TA:) namely ↓ هَيُوبٌ (S, K) and هَيُوبَةٌ, (S, L,) [in which the ة is added to strengthen the intensiveness,] and ↓ هَيَّابٌ and هَيَّابَةٌ, (S, K,) in which ة is added for the purpose above mentioned, (TA,) and ↓ هَيِّبٌ, (K,) which may be contracted into هَيْتٌ, (TA,) and ↓ هَيْبَانٌ (K) and ↓ هَيِّبَانٌ (S, K) and ↓ هَيَّبَانٌ; (K;) of which last two forms, the latter only is admitted by some of the learned; but MF admits only the former of them; asserting فَيْعَلَانٌ to be unknown as the measure of an unsound word, like as فيَعِلَان is unknown as that of a sound word except in extr. instances; (TA;) [Having much reverence, veneration, dread, or awe; much fear; much cautious fear, or caution:] fearing men [much]: (K:) a coward, who regards men with awe, or fear, &c.: (S:) [The last of these epithets is also explained in the CK as signifying having much fear, or very fearful; (كَثِيرُ الخَوْفِ;) and a coward: but in the TA and in a MS copy of the K, الخوف is omitted; and in the TA is added by the author, after كثير, the words من كلّ شىُ; as though the meaning of the word were “ much, or many, of any things: ” the correct reading seems to be the former, and the meaning intended by SM, having much fear, or very fearful, of everything: in like manner] ↓ هَيُوبٌ signifies a man who fears everything. (TA.) b3: ↓ الإِيمَانُ هَيُوبٌ [Faith is fearful, or very fearful; i. e.,] he who possesses faith fears acts of disobedience: occurring in a trad.: (S:) in this case, هيوب is used in the sense of an act. part. n.: or it signifies [faith is feared; or regarded with reverence, &c.; i. e.,] he who possesses faith is feared, or regarded with reverence, &c.: in which case هيوب is used in the sense of a pass. part. n. (TA.) هٰذَا الشَّىْءُ مَهْيَبَةٌ لَكَ [This thing is a cause of awe, or fear, to thee]. (S.) مَهَابٌ: see مَهِيبٌ.

مَهَابَةٌ: see هَيْبَةٌ.

مَهُوبٌ: see مَهِيبٌ.

مَهِيبٌ and ↓ مَهُوبٌ, (S, K,) the former agreeable with rule, (TA,) and ↓ هَيُوبٌ, (K) [respecting which see also هَائِبٌ,] and ↓ هَيْبَانٌ, (Th, IM, K,) [Regarded with reverence, veneration, respect, honour, dread, or awe; with fear; with cautious fear, or caution;] a man whom others regard with reverence, &c.; (S;) a man whom others fear. (K.) b2: مَكَانٌ مَهُوبٌ, formed from the verb هُوبَ, the original ى being changed into و (S, K,) A place regarded with awe, or fear; (S;) a place in which one is impressed with awe, or fear: as also ↓ مَكَانٌ مَهَابٌ: (S, K:) مَهَابٌ signifies a place of awe, or fear. (IB.) b3: المَهِيبُ and المَهُوبُ and ↓ المُتَهَيَّبُ (assumed tropical:) The lion: (K:) because regarded with awe, or fear, by men. (TA.) المُتَهَيَّبُ: see المَهِيبُ.

هرج

1 هَرِجَ aor. ?? inf. n. هَرْجٌ He did, acted, or occupied himself much (??) a thing (S, L:) ex. (??) (L.) This is the original signification. (S,) b2: هَرج فِى

الحِدِيثِ, (aor, ?? inf. n. هَرْجٌ. Msb.) He launched into, and expatiated in. or was diffuse in discourse tail or (??): (K:) this is the signification in most frequent use: (TA:) or he made a confusion, or confounded, therein. (K, Msb.) b3: هَرَج. aor. ـِ and هَرُجَ, inf. n. هَرْجٌ, Multum inivit (S. L.) or [simply] inivit an cillam suam (K.) b4: هَرَجَ, aor. ـِ (inf. n. هَرْجٌ, TA,) He (a horse) ran much (S. L:) or ran quickly or swiftly: (Msb:) or [simply] ran (K,) b5: هَرَجَ النَّاسُ aor. ـِ (inf. n. هَرْجٌ, (S.) The people fell (??) a state of trial, or civil war or conflict and faction or discord, or discussion, (فِتْنَة,) and confusion, or disorder, (S, K,) and slaughter. (K.) b6: هَرِجَ, aor. ـَ (inf. n. هَرَجٌ, S,) He (a camel) became perplexed in his sight, by reason of the vehemence of heat, and his being much smeared with pitch, (S, K,) and being heavily laden. (TA.) 2 هرّج البَعِيرَ, inf. n. تَهْرِيجٌ, and ↓ اهرجهُ, inf. n. إِهْرَاجٌ; He incited, or urged, the camel to journey on (during the hottest time of the day, S) until he [the camel] became perplexed so his sight by reason of the vehemence of the beat. (S, K.) b2: هرّج بِالسَّبْعِ, inf. n. تَهْرِيجٌ, He cried and to the lion or other beast of prey, and child him. (S, K.) A2: هرّج. inf. n. تَهْرِيجٌ. It (beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ) affected, or took effect upon, a person. (S, K.) 4 أَهْرَجَ see 2. b2: أَهْرَجَ The heal reached has (a camel's) inside (L.) 6 تهارجوا Iniverunt, ulii alias. (TA.) 7 انهرچ He was, or became, affected by beverage of the kind called نَبِيذ. (S, CK) هَرْجٌ Trial, or civil war, or conflict and faction, or discord, or dissension. (فِتَنْةٌ,) and confusion. or disorder: (S:) vehement and much slaughter (TA:) in a trad. respecting the signs of the last day, conflict, and confusion, or disorder: (TA:) or slaughter; as explained by Mohammad himself: (S:) and so, accord to Aboo-Moosa. It signifies in the language of Abyssinia (TA.) Ibn-Keys Fr-Rukeiyát said in the days of the faction of Ibn-Ez-Zubayi.

لَيْت شِعْرِى أَأَوَّلُ الهَرْجِ هٰذَا

أَمٌ زَمَانٌ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ غَيْرِ هَرْجِ Would that I knew whether this be the first of the slaughter predicted as a (??) whether it be a (??) of trial, or civil war &c., other than the slaughter so predicted (S) هَرَّاجٌ: see مهْرَجٌ.

هَرَّاجَةٌ An assembly, or a company, of men who launch into, and expatiate in, or are diffuse in, discourse, talk, or naration. (K.) مُهْرِجٌ A man whose camels are affected with the scab, and have therefore been smeared with pitch, and to whose insides the the heat has penetrated (TA.) مِهْرَجٌ and ↓ هَرَّاجٌ A horse that runs much: (S. K:) and ↓ مِهْرَاجٌ a horse that runs vehemently (TA.) مِهْراجٌ: see مِهْرجٌ.

هزج

1 هَزِجَ, aor. ـَ (S, K,) inf. n. هَزَجٌ; (L;) He sang in a certain manner, with trilling, or quavering; as also ↓ تهزّج; (S, K;) and ↓ هزّج: (K:) or ↓ تهزّج signifies he reiterated, or made to reciprocate, the graceful modulations of his voice: or prolonged his voice, without elevating it: (Aboo-Is-hák, L:) or هَزَجٌ does not at all signify trilling, or quavering; and therefore IAar has applied هَزِجٌ as an epithet to a dog that barks much. (L.) b2: He read, or recited, with a prolonging and trilling of the voice, making the sounds to follow closely, one upon another; as also ↓ تهزّج. (TA.) 2 هزّج الصَّوْتَ, inf. n. تهْزِيجٌ, He (a singer [or a reader or reciter]), made the sounds of the voice to be closely consecutive, and uttered in a light and quick manner. (L.) b2: هزّج صَوْتَهُ, and ↓ تهزّجهُ, [the latter app. a mistake for تهزّج فِيهِ,] He made the sounds of his voice to be closely consecutive, or near together. (TA.) b3: See 1.4 اهزج He (a poet) composed, or uttered, verses of the metre termed الهَزَج. (K.) 5 تهزّجت القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow twanged, on the archer's loosing the string after drawing it. (S, K, TA.) b2: See 1, and 2.

هَزَجٌ (tropical:) The twanging of a bow, on the archer's loosing the string after drawing it; and of a lutestring: in the TA, i. q. رَنّةٌ: pl. أَهْزَاجٌ and pl. pl. أَهَازِيجُ: or perhaps this latter is a pl. of which the sing. is ↓ أُهْزُوجَةٌ, like as أَرَاجِيزُ is pl. of أُرْجُوزَةٌ: and the twanging of a bow-string or lute-string may be likened to an ode or a song of the metre termed الهَزَج, which is perhaps, judging from analogy, the proper signification of اهزوجة.]

لِلْعُودِ وَالقَوْسِ أَهَازِيجُ (tropical:) [To the lute and the bow there are twangings]. (A.) El-Kumeyt says, [speaking of a bow,] لَمْ يَعِبْ رَبُّهَا وَلَا النَّاسُ مِنْهَا غَيْرَ إِنْذَارِهَا عَلَيْهِ الحَمِيرَا بِأَهَازِيجَ مِنْ أَغَانِيِّهَا الجُشِ وَإِتْبَاعِهَا النَّحِيبَ الزَّفِيرَا [Neither its owner nor the people imputed a fault to any of its properties, except its warning the (wild) asses of his presence by the twangings of its harsh singings, and its causing a groaning sound to follow the loud, or prolonged, wailing]. (S.) b2: هَزَجٌ One of the modes of singing (الأَغَانِىّ), in which is a trilling, or quavering: (S, K:) pl. أَهْزَاجٌ. (L.) [But see 1.] b3: A voice that excites lively emotions of joy or grief. (K.) b4: A fine, or delicate, and elevated, voice. (TA.) b5: A voice in which is hoarseness, or harshness. (K.) b6: Any speech of which the component parts are closely consecutive, or near together, (K,) uttered in a light, or quick, manner: pl. as above. (L.) b7: الهَزَجٌ The name of a certain kind of metre of verse; (S, K;) consisting of four feet, each of the measure مَفَاعِيلُنْ: originally of six feet, like the رَجَز and the رَمَل, in each of which, [as in the هَزَج,] each foot consists of one element of the kind termed وَتِدٌ مَجْمُوعٌ, and of two elements of the kind termed سَبَبٌ خَفِيفٌ: so called because of the mutual nearness of its component parts. (TA.) b8: هَزَجٌ Lightness, or agility. (TA.) b9: Quickness in the falling, and putting down, of the legs [upon the ground]. (TA.) b10: (tropical:) The sound of thunder. (S.) b11: (assumed tropical:) The buzzing of flies. (L.) هَزِجٌ A singer [or reader or reciter] who prolongs his voice, with trilling, or quavering, making the sounds to follow close, one upon another. (A.) b2: هَزِجُ العَسِىِّ, occurring in a verse of 'Antarah, cited voce دَفٌّ, The cat that cries for food at supper-time: (EM, p. 233:) or the dog that barks much in the evening; meaning, in the night: or buzzing flies in the evening. (L.) b3: هَزِجٌ A child, and a horse, whose legs fall, or are put down, quickly [upon the ground]. (TA.) b4: (tropical:) Sounding thunder, as also ↓ مُتَهَزَِّجٌ. (L.) b5: (tropical:) A twanging lute [and bow]. (A.) b6: (tropical:) A cloud sounding with thunder. (A.) b7: هَزِجُ الصَّوْتِ, and ↓ هُزَامِجُهُ, One who makes the sounds of his voice to follow close, one upon another. (L.) هَزْمَجَةٌ Uninterrupted speech or language. (K.) b2: Confusion of voice or sound beyond measure; (K;) as also هَزْلَجَةٌ. (K, TA, art. هزلج.) b3: [The م is an augmentative letter: see هُزَامِجٌ.]

هُزَامِجٌ A voice, or the like, of which the sounds are closely consecutive. The م is an augmentative letter. (S, K.) b2: صَوْتٌ هُزَامِجٌ A confused voice or sound. The sound so called is less than what is termed رُغَآءٌ. (L.) b3: [See also هَزجٌ.]

أُهْزُوجَةٌ: see هَزَجٌ.

مُتَهَزِّجٌ: see هَزِجٌ.

هود

1 هَادَ, aor. ـُ (S, L, &c.,) inf. n. هَوْدٌ, (S, L, K, &c.,) He returned (IAar, A, L, Msb) from evil to good or from good to evil: (IAar, L:) he repented, (S, A, L, K;) and returned to the truth; (S, L, K;) as also ↓ تهوّد: (L:) and the latter, he repented and did righteously. (AO, S, A, L.) b2: هُدْنَا إِلَيْكَ We have turned unto Thee with repentance. (Kur, vii, 155.] So accord. to Mujáhid and Sa'eed Ibn-Jubeyr and Ibráheem. (L.) It is made trans. by means of الى because implying the meaning of رَجَعْنَا. (ISd, L.) b3: هَادَ, (S, A, L,) aor. ـُ inf. n. هَوْدٌ; (L;) and ↓ تَهوّد; (S, A, L, Msb, K;) He became a Jew; (S, A, L, K;) he became of the Jewish religion. (L, Msb.) 2 هوّدُه, (L, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, (S,) He made him (his son [for instance] Msb) a Jew; (S, L, Msb;) he turned him to the religion of the Jews; (L, K;) taught him that religion, and initiated him in it. (L.) A2: تَهْوِيدٌ The talking together of jinn, or genii: (L, K:) so termed because of the gentleness and weakness of their voices. (L.) b2: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, He reiterated his voice, or quavered, or trilled, gently. (Ibn-Jebeleh, L, K.) b3: هوّد, (L,) inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, (K,) He sang; syn. غَنَّى: (Aboo-Málik, L:) he sang, or gladdened, and diverted; syn. طَرَّبَ وَأَلْهَى. (K.) See also مُهَوِّدٌ.

A3: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, He went, or proceeded, gently, or in a leisurely manner, (S, L, K,) like the manner termed دَبِيبٌ: from الهَوَادَةُ. (S, L, K.) It is said in a trad., أَسْرِعُوا المَشْىَ فِى الجَنَازَةِ وَلَا تُهَوِّدُوا كَمَا تُهَوِّدُ اليَهُودُ والنَّصَارَى [Make ye your pace to be quick at a funeral, and go ye not in a gentle or leisurely manner like as go the Jews and the Christians]. (S.) See also 5. b2: هوّد, (L,) inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, (S, L, K,) It beverage, or wine,) intoxicated (S, L, K) a person: and rendered him languid, and caused him to sleep. (L.) b3: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ and تَهْوَادٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ تهوّد; (TA;) He uttered a weak, gentle, (L, K,) and languid, (L,) voice. (L, K.) b4: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ (S, L, K) and تَهْوَادٌ; and ↓ تهوّد; (K;) He was low, not loud, in speech, or utterance. (S, L, K) b5: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ (L, K) and تَهْوَادٌ; and ↓ تهوّد; (L;) He was slow, or tardy, in his pace, (L, K,) and gentle. (L.) b6: هوّد He (a man) rested; or was still, quiet, or at rest. (Aboo-Málik, L.) b7: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, He slept. (S, L.) b8: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ and تَهْوَادٌ; and ↓ تهوّد; He was gentle; he acted, or behaved, in a gentle manner. (L.) b9: Also, The murmuring and gentle sounding of the wind over sand. (L.) A4: هوّد, inf. n. تَهْوِيدٌ, He ate of a camel's hump; (K;) or what is termed هَوَدَة. (TA.) 3 هاودهُ, (A,) inf. n. مُهَاوَدَةٌ. (S, A, L, K,) He made peace with him; reconciled himself with him; (A;) syn. of the inf. n. مُوَادَعَةٌ; (A, L;) in the K, مُوَاعَدَةٌ, which is a mistake; (TA;) and مُصَالَحَةٌ, (S, L,) and مُهَادَنَةٌ: (TA:) and also مُرَاجَعَةٌ [app. signifying the restoring a person, or taking him back, into one's favour]. (TA.) b2: He inclined towards him reciprocally; syn. مَايَلَهُ: and هَاوَدَا They two inclined each towards the other; syn. مَايَلَا: (TK:) syn. of the inf. n. مُمَايَلَةٌ. (S, L.) b3: He returned to him, or it, time after time; syn. عَاوَدَهُ: (TK:) syn. of the inf. n. مُعَاوَدَةٌ. (K.) 5 تَهَوَّدَ see 1 and 2. b2: تهوّد فِى مَشْيِهِ He walked gently, imitating the motions of the Jews in their reciting or reading. (El-Basáïr.) See also 2. b3: تهوّد He became allied, or allied himself, or sought to ally himself, (تَوَصَّلَ, K, and تَقَرَّبَ, ElBasáïr,) by a bond of relationship; or by some other sacred or inviolable bond or tie, or a quality &c. to be regarded as sacred or inviolable or rendering him entitled to respect or reverence. (K, El-Basáïr.) See also مُتَهَوِّدٌ.

الهُودُ: see يَهُودُ.

هَوْدَةٌ: see هَوَدَةٌ.

هَوَدَةٌ A camel's hump: (S, K:) or the base of the hump: (Sh, L:) as also ↓ هَوْدَةٌ: (L:) pl. هَوَدٌ: (S, L, K:) [or rather, this is a coll. gen. n., and هَوَدَةٌ is the n. un.].

هَوَادَةٌ Gentleness; lenity; (A, L, K;) and that kind of conduct whereby one hopes to effect the adjustment of an affair between a people: (L, K:) quietness: (L:) peace, or reconciliation: inclination, or affection: (S, L:) favour, or partiality: (L:) facilitation, whereby a person is indulged in an affair. (L, K.) Ex. لَا تَأْخُذُهُ فِى اللّٰهِ هَوَادَةٌ Quietness with respect to a restrictive ordinance of God, with favour or partiality towards any one, will not affect him, or influence him. And لَا تَأْخُذُهُ فِيكَ هَوَادَةٌ Favour or partiality with respect to thee will not affect him, or influence him. (L, each from a trad.) b2: هَوَادَةٌ also signifies A sacred or inviolable bond or tie; or a quality &c. to be regarded as sacred or inviolable, or rendering one entitled to respect or reverence: and a bond of relationship. (L.) هَائِدٌ Returning (Msb) [from evil to good or from good to evil: see 1:] repenting and returning to the truth: (S, L:) pl. هُودٌ, (S, A, L, Msb,) like as بُزْلٌ is pl. of بَازِلٌ. (S, L, Msb.) يَهُودُ and اليَهُودُ and ↓ الهُودُ [the second of which is the most common,] signify the same, (S, A, L, Msb, K,) A certain tribe; [namely, the Jews:] (L:) يَهُودُ is said by some to be originally يَهُوذُ, and arabicized by the change of ذ into د; but ISd disapproves of this assertion: others say, that it is from هَادَ “ he repented: ” (L:) it is imperfectly decl., because it is a proper name and of the measure of a verb; and [of the fem. gen., as it is said to be in the S and L,] because it means a قَبِيلَة: but it is allowable to prefix to it the art. ال, and to say اليَهُودُ: (Msb:) this, however, is allowable only on the ground of its being, with the art. prefixed, for اليَهُودِيُّونَ; for it is of itself determinate: (S, L:) [thus]

يَهُودُ is [as it were] pl. of ↓ يَهُودِىٌّ; (L;) which is the rel. n. of يهود, or, accord. to Sgh, of يَهُودَا [or Judah], thus written by him with the unpointed د in this instance, the son of يَعْقُوب [or Jacob]: (Msb:) يَهُودُ (sometimes, TA) has يَهْدَانٌ as a pl.: (K:) this pl. occurs in a poem of Hassán: (TA:) Fr, says, of هُودًا, in the Kur, ii, 105, that it is for يَهُودًا [app. a mistake for يَهُودَ]; or that it may be pl. of هَائِدٌ. (L.) يَهُودِىٌّ: see يَهُودُ.

اليَهُودِيَّةُ The Jewish religion. (L.) غِنَآءٌ مُهَوِّدٌ [in some copies of the S, مُهَوَّدٌ,] A low, not loud, singing. (S, L.) b2: مُهَوِّدٌ also signifies Gladdening, and diverting; syn. مُطْرِبٌ and مُلْهٍ. (IAar, L.) مُتَهَوِّدٌ Allied, or allying himself, or seeking to ally himself, (مُتَوَصِّلٌ, IAar, Sh,) by what is termed هَوَادَةٌ. (IAar, Sh, L.) See 5.

هيد

1 هَادَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. هَيْدٌ; (S, L, K;) and ↓ هيّد, (L, K,) inf. n. تَهْيِيدٌ; (TA;) He moved, or put in motion, (S, L, K,) a thing, (S,) or anything: this is the original signification. (L.) b2: هَادٌ, aor. ـِ inf. n. هَيْدٌ and هَادٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ هيّد; (K;) It frightened, or terrified, and afflicted, distressed, or oppressed, a person. (L, K.) b3: هَادَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. هَيْدٌ; (L, K;) and ↓ هيّد; (K;) He repaired; put into a right or proper state. (L, K.) It is said in a trad., with reference to the Mosque (of Mohammad, L), هِدْهُ, (S, L,) meaning Repair it: (L:) or pull it down, and then repair it: (S, L:) or pull it down, and recommence the building of it, and repair it, and put it into a right or proper state. (L.) b4: هَادَ, (Yaakoob, S, L, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. هَيْدٌ, and هَادٌ; (L;) and ↓ هيّد; (Yaakoob, S, L:) He chid a man; and turned him away, or back, from a thing: (S, * L, K:) or يَهِيدُ is only used with a negative in this sense. (Yaakoob, K.) b5: هَادَ He removed a person or thing from his or its place. (L, K. *) b6: هَادَ He or it disquieted, disturbed, or unsettled, a person. (K.) b7: مَا يَهِيدُنِى كَذَا Such a thing does not move me; (L;) it does not disquiet, disturb, or unsettle, me; I am not moved by it; do not care for it, or regard it. (S, L.) Accord. to Yaakoob, يهيد is only thus used with a negative. (S, L.) One says, لَاَ يهِيدَنَّكَ هٰذَا عَنْ رَأْيِكَ Let not this move thee at all from thine opinion. (TA.) 2 هَيَّدَ see 1.

هَادٌ: see هَيْدٌ.

هَيْدٌ and ↓ هِيدٌ and هَادٌ (S, L, K) and هَيْدٍ and هِيدِ and هَادِ (IB, L) and هِيدْ (L) Cries by which camels are chidden (S, L, K) and urged. (L.) b2: Also هَيْدٌ A mode of singing to camels, to urge or excite them: (L:) or the commencement of such singing: (TA:) when a man is about to sing to camels for this purpose, he says هيدْ هيدْ, and then sings, or prolongs and modulates his voice. (L, TA.) b3: هَيْدَ مَا لَكَ, (T, L, K,) and هِيدَ مالك, (Sh, L,) and هِيدْ مالك, (L,) [What is thy state, or condition, or thy affair, or business?] forms of speech used in inquiring of a man respecting his state, or condition, or his affair, or business; (T, L, K;) like as you say يَا هٰذَا مَا لَكَ. (T, L.) One says, لَقِيَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ هَيْدَ مَا لَكَ [He met him, and said to him, What is thy state, &c.?] and لَقِيتُهُ فَمَا قَالَ لِى هَيْدَ مَا لَكَ [I met him, and he said not to me, What is thy state, &c.?] (Lh, L,) and يَا هَيْدَ مَا لِأصْحَابِكِ, and يَا هَيْدَ مَا أَصْحَابُكَ, [What is the state, &c., of thy companions?] (Ks, L,) and one says, لَوْ شَتَمْتَنِى مَا قُلْتُ هَيْدَ, مَالَكَ, meaning, [Hadst thou reviled me, or shouldst thou revile me, I had not said, or would not say,] What is thine affair? (As, on the authority of 'Eesà Ibn-'Omar.) When a straycamel passes by a man, and he does not turn him aside, nor does he regard it, you say, مَرَّ بَعِيرٌ فَمَا قَالَ لَهُ هَيْدَ مَا لَكَ, and, as related by an Arab of the desert, هَيْدِ ما لك, with kesr to the د, [A camel passed by, and he said not to him, What is thy state, &c.?] (Az, L.) b4: ↓ مَا لَهُ هَيْدٌ وَلَا هَادٌ He has no motion: (L, K:) or neither هيد nor هاد is to be said to him; meaning, he is not to be moved, nor withheld from a thing, nor chidden away from it. (S, L.) A2: هَيْدٌ i. q. هَيْدَبٌ A flabby pubes. (Fr, in TA, voce كَعْتَبٌ.) هِيْد: see هَيْدٌ.

هَيْدَان [whether with or without tenween is not shown] Cowardly; or a coward: (S, L;) a heavy, cowardly man; like هِدَانٌ. (L.)