نفر

1 نَفَرَ, (T, M, L, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (T, M, K,) and نَفُرَ, (M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ and نَفَرَانٌ (M, K) or نُفُورٌ, (Msb,) said of a wild animal, (T, Msb,) a gazelle, (M, K,) or other beast, (M,) He took fright, and fled, or ran away at random; or became refractory, and went away at random; or ran away, or broke loose, and went hither and thither by reason of his sprightliness; syn. شَرَدَ; (M, K;) as also ↓ استنفر; (T, Msb, K;) and so the former verb in speaking of a camel, or a beast: (L, art. شرد:) you say, نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ, (T, S, M, A, K,) aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, (T, S, M, K,) inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ (T, S, M, A, K) and نَفْرٌ: (A:) or this signifies the beast was, or became, impatient (A, K, TA) of or at a thing, (TA,) [or shied at it,] and retired to a distance; (A, K, TA;) and ↓ إِسْتِنْفَارٌ signifies the same as نُفُورٌ: (S:) or نَفَرَ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], signifies he fled, and went away or aside or apart or to a distance. (M.) b2: [Hence, نَفَرَ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ and نِفَارٌ and نَفْرٌ and نَفِيرٌ, as used in the following phrases.] نَفَرْتُ مِنْ هٰذَا الأَمْرِ (tropical:) I shrank from this thing or affair; was averse from it; did not like or approve it. And نَفَرَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ صُحْبَةِ فُلَانٍ (tropical:) [Such a one shrank, or was averse, from the companionship of, or the associating with, such a one]. And نَفَرَتِ المَرْأَةُ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [The woman was averse from her husband; or shunned or avoided him]. (All from the A.) And you say of a man's disposition, عَنِ الحَقِّ ↓ تَنَفَّرَ (tropical:) [It shunned, or was averse from, the truth] (Bd, lxvii. 21.) b3: إِلَّا نُفُورًا, in the Kur, [xvii. 43, and xxxv. 40,] means (tropical:) Save in aversion and نَفِيرٌ is like نُفُورٌ: and the subst. is نَفَرٌ, with two fet-hahs. (Msb) b4: نَفَرَ الشَّىْءُ مِنَ الشَّىْءِ inf. n. نِفَارٌ [and نُفُورٌ], The thing receded, withdrew, removed, or became remote or aloof, from the thing. (A'Obeyd, T, S.) [See also 3.] b5: Hence it is, I think, that نَفَرَ is used as signifying (tropical:) It became swollen, in the following words of a trad. of 'Omar: تَخَلَّلَ رَجُلٌ فِى زَمَانِهِ بِالقَصَبِ فَنَفَرَ فُوهُ (tropical:) A man, in his time, picked his teeth with reeds, and in consequence his mouth became swollen: as though the flesh, disliking the disease, receded from it, and so became swollen. (A'Obeyd, T, S. *) You say also, نَفَرَتِ العَيْنُ, aor. ـِ and نَفُرَ, inf. n. نُفُورٌ. (tropical:) His eye became inflamed and swollen: and so you say of other parts of the person. (M, K. *) And نَفَرَ الجُرْحُ, inf. n. as above, (tropical:) The wound became swollen: (T, Msb:) or it became so after healing. (W, i. 42.) And نَفَرَ الجِلْدُ (tropical:) The skin became swollen, (S, A,) and the flesh receded from it. (A.) [All these significations seem to be derived from the first in this art.: and so several others which follow.] b6: نَفَرْتُ إِلَى اللّٰهِ, inf. n. نِفَارٌ, I betook myself to God by reason of fear, seeking protection. (IKtt) b7: نَفَرُوا, (Msb,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ, (M, Msb, K,) They became separated, or dispersed: (M, * Msb, K: *) and so نَفَرتْ, said of camels. (TA.) Hence, (M,) the saying, لَقِيتُهُ قَبْلَ كُلِّ صَيْحٍ وَنَفْرٍ, (S, M, A.) a proverb, in which the last word is used tropically; (A;) explained in art. صيح, q. v. (S.) [And غَضِبَ مِنْ غَيْرِ صَيْحٍ وَلَا نَفٍرْ; explained in the same art.] b8: نَفَرَ الحَاجُّ مِنْ مِنًى, (M, Msb, K,) aor. ـِ (S, M, K,) inf. n. نَفْرٌ (M, Msb, K) and نَفَرٌ (M) and نُفُورٌ (K) [and نَفِيرٌ], The pilgrims removed from Minè. (Msb.) Hence, يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ, and النَّفَرِ, and النَّفُورِ, and النَّفِيرِ, (S, M, K,) and لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ, (S, TA,) and النَّفَرِ, (TA,) [The day of, and the night immediately preceding, the removing from Minè]; after the day called يَوْمُ القَرِّ: (S;) [therefore. the twelfth of Dhu-l-Hijjeh:] or there are two days thus called: (Msb:) يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الأَوَّلُ is [the day above mentioned,] the second of the days called أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ; (IAth, Msb;) and يَوْمُ النَّفْر الاّخِرُ, (IAth,) or الثَّانِى, (Msb,) is the third thereof: (IAth, Msb:) the order is this; يَوْمُ النَّحْرِ, then يَوْمُ القَرِّ, then يَوْمُ النَّفْر الأَوَّلُ then يَوْمُ النَّفْرِ الآخِرُ. (T, L) b9: نَفَرُوا فِى الأَمْرِ, (S, M.) or لِلْأَمْرِ, (K,) aor. ـِ (M, K.) inf. n. نُفُورٌ (S, M, K) and نِفارٌ (M, K) and نَفِيرٌ; (Zj, M, K;) and ↓ تنافروا; (M, K;) They went, or went away, to execute the affair: (M, K:) and in like manner, فِى القِتَالِ to fight. (M.) And نَقَرُوا, alone, They went forth to war against unbelievers or the like. So in the Kur, is 82. وَقَالوا لَا تَنْفِرُوا فى الحرِّ قُلْ نَارٌ جَهَنَّمَ أَشَدٌ حَرَّا [And they said, Go not ye forth to war against the unbelievers in the heat: say, The fire of hell is hotter]: and so in the same chap. v. 39: (Jel:) and in the same book, iv. 73. (Bd.) You say also, نَفَرُوا لَهُمْ They went forth to fight them. (TA, from a trad.) And تَفَرُوا إِلى الحَرْب They hastened to the war, or to war. (Msb.) b10: [Hence,] نَفَوُا مَعَهُ; and ↓ أَنْفَرُوهُ, (M, K,) inf. n. إِنْفَارٌ; (TA;) They aided and succoured them: (M, K:) or the former verb, alone, they, being asked to do so, complied, and went forth to aid. (TA.) b11: نَفرَبِنَا: see 2.2 نَفّر, (T, M, A, Msb,) inf. n. تَنْفيرٌ; (Msb;) and ↓ انفر; (T, K;) and ↓ اشتنفر; (T, M, A, Msb;) He made (wild animals, T. Msb, or an antelope. K, or a beast of carriage. M,) to take fright, and flee, or run away at random: (K, TA:) or he made a beast of carriage to become impatient, and to retire to a distance: (A:) or he scared away; or made to flee, and go away, or aside, or apart, or to a distance: (so accord. to an explanation of the intrans. v. from which it is derived, in the M:) you say نَفَّرْتُهُ and ↓ اِسْتَنْفَرْتُهُ and ↓ أَنْفَرُتُهُ: and in like manner, نَفَّرَ عَنْهُ, and أَنْفَرَ عَنْهُ, [meaning, he scared away, or made to take fright and flee, &c., from him or it:] (TA:) الإِنْفَارُ عَنِ الشَّىْءِ, and التَّنْفِيرُ عَنْهُ, and الاِسْتِنْفَارُ, all signify the same, [i. e., the scaring away, &c. from a thing.] (S.) It is said in a trad. of Zeyneb, the daughter of Mohammad, فَأَنْفَرَ بِهَا المُشْرِكُونَ بَعِيرَهَا حَتَّى سَقَطَتْ and the polytheists made her camel to take fright and run away at random with her, so that she fell. And in like manner you say, أُنْفِرَبِنَا, and نُفِرَبِنَا, [or نُفَّرَبِنَا Our camels were scared away with us; or made to take fright and run away at random with us: or] we were made to be persons having camels taking fright and running away at random. And تَنْفِيرٌ signifies The chiding camels or sheep or goats, and driving them from the pasturage. (TA.) b2: [Hence] بَشِّروا وَلا تُنَفِّرُوا (assumed tropical:) [Rejoice people by what ye say. and] do not encounter them with [roughness and violence and] that which will incite them to نُفُور [i. e. flight or aversion]. (TA.) See the act. part. n., below. b3: [Hence also,] نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ, (S, K,) inf. n. تَسنْفِيرٌ. (TA.) (assumed tropical:) Give thou to him a لَقَب [meaning a nickname or name of reproach], (S,) or a لَقب that is disliked: (K:) as though they held such to be تَسْفِيرٌ لِلْجِنِّ وَالعَيْنِ عَنْهُ [a means of scaring away the jinn, or genii, and the evil eye, from him]. (S, K.) An Arab of the desert said, When I was born, it was said to my father, نَفِّرْ عَنْهُ: so he named me قُنْفُد [hedge-hog], and surnamed me أَبو العَدّآءِ [father of the quick runner]. (S.) 3 نَاْفَرَ [نَافَرَا, inf. n. مُنَافَرَةٌ, (tropical:) They shunned or avoided each other; regarded each other with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, (tropical:) They (two things) were incongruous, or discordant, each with the other. But perhaps this signification, also, is only post-classical. See also 6.]4 أَنْفَرَ see 2, in several places. b2: أَنْفَرُوا Their camels took fright and ran away at random, (نَفَرَت, K, TA,) and became separated or dispersed. (TA.) b3: See also 1, last signification.5 تنفّر عَنِ الحَقِّ: see 1.6 تَنَاْفَرَ [تنافروا (tropical:) They shunned or avoided one another; regarded one another with aversion. But perhaps this signification is only post-classical. b2: And hence, تنافرت الأَشْيَآءُ (tropical:) The things were incongruous, or discordant, one with another. But perhaps this signification, also, is only postclassical. See also 3.] b3: تنافروا فِى الأَمْرِ, or لِلْأَمْرِ: see 1, towards the end. See also تَنَافَرَا in the K: and compare 6 in arts. نفد and نفذ.10 إِسْتَنْفَرَهُمْ He (the Imám) incited, and summoned or invited them to go forth, لِجِهَادِ العَدُوِّ to war against the enemy: (T, Mgh:) or imposed upon them the task of going forth to war, light and heavy: [see Kur, ix. 41:] (A:) or he demanded, sought, or desired, of them aid. (M, * K, TA.) b2: See also 2. in three places. b3: And see 1, in two places, near the beginning.

نَفْرٌ: see نَافِرٌ, of which it is a quasi-pl.: b2: and نَفِيرٌ: b3: and نَفَرٌ.

نِفْرٌ an imitative sequent to عِفْرٌ, (T, M, K,) and so is ↓ نَفِرٌ to عَفِرٌ, (Sgh, K, but omitted in some copies of the K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيَةٌ to عِفْرِيَةٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتٌ to عِفْرِيتٌ, (T, S, M, K,) and ↓ نُفَارِيَةٌ to عُفَارِيَهٌ, (T, M, K,) and ↓ نِفْرِيتَةٌ to عِفرِيتَةٌ; (K;) denoting corroboration. (S.) نَفَرٌ A number of men, from three to ten; (S, Msb;) as also ↓ نَفْرٌ and ↓ نَفْرَةٌ and ↓ نَفِيرٌ: (S:) or to seven: (so in a copy of the Msb, [but probably سبعة is a mistake for تسعة nine: this appears likely from what here follows:]) or a number of men less then ten; (Az, T, M, K;) as also ↓ نَفِيرٌ; (K;) and so رَهْطٌ; (Az, T;) and some add, excluding women: (TA:) accord. to Fr, (S,) a man's people or tribe consisting of his nearer relations; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ; syn. رَهْطٌ, (S, IAth,) and عَشِيرَةٌ: (IAth:) [see also نَفْرَةٌ:] accord. to Kr, (M,) all the men or people: (M, K:) accord. to Lth, you say, هٰؤُلَآءِ عَشَرَةُ نَفَرٍ, i. e. these are ten men: but one does not say, عِشْرُونَ نَفَرًا, nor more than عَشَرَة: and Abu-l- 'Abbás says, that نَفَرٌ, like قَوْمٌ and رَهْطٌ, has a pl. signification, without any proper sing.; and is applied to men, exclusively of women: (T:) it is a quasi-pl. n.: (TA:) and its pl. is أَنْفَارٌ; (M, K;) occurring in a trad., in the phrase أَحَدٌ مِنْ أَنْفَارِنَا, which IAth explains as meaning any one of our people; syn. قَوْمِنَا: (TA:) and ↓ نَفِيرٌ, occurring, in the accus. case, in the Kur, xvii. 6, is, accord. to Zj, a pl. [or rather quasipl. n.] of نَفَرٌ, like عَبِيدٌ and كَلِيبٌ. (M.) [See also نَفِيرٌ, below.] Imra-el-Keys says, describing a man as an excellent archer, فَهْوَ لَا تَنْمِى رَمِيَّتُهُ مَا لَهُ لَا عُدَّ مِنْ نَفَرِهْ (S,) And he is such that the animal shot by him does not go away after it has been shot and then die. What aileth him? May he be killed, so as not to be numbered among his people. The latter hemistich is a proverb. (Meyd.) The poet here utters an imprecation against the man, but in so doing praises him; as when you say, of a man whose action pleases you, مَا لَهُ قَاتَلَهُ اللّٰهُ and أَخْزَاهُ اللّٰهُ [q. v.]. (S.) The rel. n. is ↓ نَفَرِىٌّ. (Sb, M.) A2: [Accord. to the Msb, it is also a simple subst. from نَفَرَ: and app. as signifying especially Aversion.]

نَفِرٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَفْرَةٌ: see نَفِيرٌ. b2: A man's near kinsmen; syn. أُسْرَةٌ (T, K) and فَصِيلَةٌ; (K;) who are angry on account of his anger; (K;) as also ↓ نُفْرَةٌ, mentioned by Sgh and others, (TA,) and ↓ نُفُورةٌ (T. K) and ↓ نَافِرَةٌ (A, * K) and ↓ نَفَرٌ: (T:) and نُفُورَةٌ signifies a man's near kinsmen (أُسْرَة) who go forth with him to war when an event befalls him or oppresses him severely or suddenly. (TA.) You say, جَآءَنَا فِى نَفْرَتِهِ and ↓ نَفَرِهِ, (T, TA,) &c., (TA,) He came to us among his near kinsmen, (T, TA,) &c. (TA.) And, غَلَبَتْ نُفُورَتُنَا نُفُورَتَهُمْ Our near kinsmen overcame their near kinsmen. (T, TA.) See also نَفَرٌ, in two places: and see نَفِيرٌ.

نُفْرَةٌ (Sgh, K) and ↓ نُفَرَةٌ (K) A thing that is hung upon a child for fear of, (K,) or to repel, (Sgh,) the evil eye. (Sgh, K.) A2: See also نَفْرَةٌ.

نَفَرِىٌّ: see نَفَرٌ, last sentence but one.

نِفْرِيَةٌ and نِفْرِيتٌ and نِفْرِيتَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نِفَارٌ a subst. from نَفَرَتِ الدَّابَّةُ. Ex. فِى الدَّابَّةِ نِفَارٌ [In the beast of carriage is a disposition to take fright and run away at random]. (S.) and in like manner, from نَفَرَ said of a wild animal. (Msb.) نَفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ.

نَفِيرٌ A people hastening to war, or to some other undertaking: an inf. n. used as a subst.: (Msb:) or a people going to execute an affair: (S:) or a people going with one to fight; as also ↓ نَفْرَةٌ [q. v.] and ↓ نَفْرٌ: (M, K:) each is a noun having a pl. signification: (M:) or the first and last signify a company of men: and the pl. of each is أَنْفَارٌ: (M:) or the first, (S,) or all, (K,) a people, (S,) or company, (K,) preceding in an affair: (S, K:) or the first, those of a man's people who go forth with him to war: or it is a pl. [or quasi-pl.] of نَفَرٌ, signifying men assembled to go to the enemy: (Bd, xvii. 6:) or aiders, or assistants. (M.) [See نَفَرٌ, in two places.] You say, جَآءَتْ نَفْرَةُ بَنِى فُلَانٍ, and نَفِيرُهُمْ, The company of the sons of such a one, that came forth to execute an affair, arrived. (S, TA.) نَفِيرُ قُرَيْشٍ means Those of Kureysh who went forth to Bedr to defend the caravan of Aboo-Sufyán, (M,) which was coming from Syria. (T.) Hence the proverb, فُلَانٌ لَا فِى

العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ [Such a one is neither in the caravan nor in the company going forth to fight]: applied to him who is not regarded as fit for a difficult undertaking: because none held back from the caravan and the fight except him who was crippled by disease and him in whom was no good; (TA:) or the original words of the proverb are لا فِى العِيرِ وَلَا فِى النَّفِيرِ: and these words were first said by Aboo-Sufyán, with reference to the Benoo-Zuhrah, when he found them turning back towards Mekkeh; and, accord. to As, are applied to a man who is held in low and little repute. (Mgh.) [See also Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 500.]

نُفُورَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ, in three places.

نُفَارِيَةٌ: see نِفْرٌ.

نَافِرٌ [and ↓ نَفُورٌ] and ↓ مُسْتَنْفِرٌ signify the same; [i. e., Taking fright, and fleeing, or running away at random: or being, or becoming, impatient, of or at a thing, and retiring to a distance: or fleeing, and going away or aside or apart or to a distance: or the second, being of an intensive form, signifies, as also ↓ يَنْفُورٌ, that does so much or often; or wont or apt to do so:] (TA:) and نَفْرٌ is a pl. of نَافِرٌ, (K,) or [rather] a quasi-pl., like as صَحْبٌ is of صَاحِبٌ, and زَوْرٌ of زَائِرٌ. (M.) You say, دَابَّةٌ نَافِرٌ, and ↓ نَفُورٌ, [A beast that takes fright and runs away at random: &c.:] (M, K:) accord. to IAar, one should not say نَافِرَةٌ (M) [unless using it as an epithet applied to a broken pl. of a subst., as will be seen below]. It is said in a proverb, ↓ كُلُّ أَزَبَّ نَفُورٌ [Every one, of camels, that is hairy on the face is wont to take fright and run away at random: see art. زب]. (M.) You say also ↓ ظَبْىٌ يَنْفُورٌ, (M, K, *) in some copies of the K, نيفور, (TA,) A gazelle that takes fright and flees much or often; or that is wont to do so. (M, K. *) And it is said in the Kur, [lxxiv. 51,] فَرَّتْ مِنْ ↓ كَأَنَّهُمْ حُمُرٌ مُسْتَنْفِرَةٌ قَسْوَرَةٍ, i. e., نَافِرَةٌ, [As though they were asses taking fright and running away at random, that have fled from a lion:] and (accord. to one reading, T) ↓ مُسْتَنْفَرَةٌ, (T, S,) meaning, made to take fright and run away at random; (T;) or frightened, or scared. (S.) b2: أَنَا نَافِرٌ مِنْ هٰذَا الامر (tropical:) I shrink from this thing or affair; am averse from it; do not like or approve it. and هِىَ نَافِرَةٌ مِنْ زَوْجِهَا (tropical:) [She is averse from her husband; she shuns or avoids him]. (A.) نَوْفَرٌ: see art. نيلوفر.

نَافِرَةٌ: see نَفْرَةٌ.

مُنَفِّرٌ act. part. n. of 2, q. v. b2: (assumed tropical:) One who encounters people with roughness and violence [and that which incites them to flight or aversion: see 2]. (TA, from a trad.) مُسْتَنْفِرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

مُسْتَنْفَرٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

يَنْفُورٌ: see نَافِرٌ; the first and third in two places.

نكر

1 نَكِرَهُ: see 4, in several places.

A2: نَكُرَ, inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, [He was, or became, ignorant: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكَارَةٌ, below. b2: And, contr., He possessed cunning; meaning both intelligence with craft and forecast; and simply intelligence, or skill and knowledge: or perhaps only the inf. n. of the verb in this sense is used: see نَكْرٌ. b3: ] It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, مُنْكَر [app. here meaning disapproved; or bad, evil, abominable, or foul; or disallowed]. (A.) b4: Also, (S, K,) inf. n. نَكَارَةٌ, (TK,) or نُكْرَةٌ, (TA,) It (a thing, or an affair,) was, or became, difficult, hard, arduous, or severe. (S, K. *) 2 نكّرهُ, (inf. n. تَنْكِيرٌ, Msb,) He changed, or altered, him or it, (S, A, Msb, TA,) to an unknown state, (S, TA,) so as not to be known; (TA;) [he disguised him or it.] It is said in the Kur, [xxvii. 41,] نَكِّرُوا لَهَا عَرْشَهَا Alter ye her throne so that it may not be known to her. (TA.) See also 4, last signification but one. b2: [In grammar, He made it (a noun) indeterminate.]3 ناكرهُ, (S, TA,) inf. n. مُنَاكَرَةٌ, (A, K,) He strove, or endeavoured, to outwit, deceive, beguile, or circumvent, him; or he practised with him mutual deceit, guile, or circumvention; syn. خَادَعَهُ and دَاهَاهُ: the inf. n. is also explained by مُرَاوَغَةٌ as well as مُخَادَعَةٌ [both of which signify the same]. (TA.) b2: Hence, (TA,) He contended with him in fight; (S, K;) and in war, or hostility. (A, K.) It is said of Mohammad, by Aboo-Sufyán (S, TA) Ibn-Harb, (TA,) لَمْ يُنَاكِرْ أَحَدًا إِلَّا كَانَتْ مَعَهُ الأَهْوَالُ, (S, TA,) meaning, He did not war with any one without being aided by terror [cast into the hearts of his opponents]. (TA.) And one says, بَيْنَهُمَا مُنَاكَرَةٌ Between them two is war, or hostility, (A, TA, *) and fighting. (TA.) 4 انكرهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) inf. n. إِنْكَارٌ; (Msb, &c.;) and ↓ نَكِرَهُ, (S, A, Msb, K, &c.,) aor. ـَ (L,) or it does not admit the variations of tense like other verbs, (IKtt, Msb,) it is not used in the future tense, nor in commanding nor in forbidding, (Lth,) inf. n. نَكَرٌ (K) and نُكْرٌ and نُكُورٌ (S, K) and نَكِيرٌ; (K;) and ↓ استنكرهُ; (S, M, A, K;) and ↓ تناكرهُ; (M, K;) signify the same; (S, A, Msb, K, &c.;) i. e., He ignored, was ignorant of, did not know, failed to know, or [rather] was unacquainted with, it (i. e. a thing, or an affair, IKtt, K) or him (a man, S); syn. جَهِلَهُ; (Kr, K;) or contr. of عَرَفَهُ: (S, * IKtt, Msb:) [see also نَكَارَةٌ:] some, however, say, the نَكِرَ has a more intensive signification than أَنْكَرَ: and some, that نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the mind; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the sight: (A, TA:) or [the converse is the case;] نَكِرَ has for its objective complement an object of the sight; and أَنْكَرَ, an object of the mind: (Kull, p. 81:) [but both forms seem to have been generally used indiscriminately.] ElAashà says, وَأَنْكَرَتْنِى وَمَا كَانَ الَّذِى نَكِرَتْ مِنَ الحَوَادِثِ إِلَّا الشَّيْبَ وَالصَّلَعَا [And she did not know me; and the accidents which she did not know were none others than hoariness, and baldness of the fore part of the head]. (S, TA.) And it is said in the Kur, [xi. 73,] وَأَوْجَسَ مِنْهُمْ خِيفَةٌ ↓ نَكِرَهُمْ [He knew not what they were, and conceived a fear, or a kind of fear, of them]: (TA:) نَكِرَهُمْ here signifies أَنْكَرَهُمْ: (Jel:) or it means أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [q. v. infra]. (Bd.) b2: أَنْكَرَهُ also signifies He denied, or disacknowledged, it; (L, art. جحد; [and this signification, as well as the first, may be meant to be indicated by those who say that أَنْكَرَهُ signifies the contr. of عَرفَهُ;]) [and so ↓ نَكِرَهُ; for] إِنْكَارٌ signifies i. q. جُحُودٌ, (S, TA,) and so نُكْرَانٌ [which is an inf. n. of نَكِرَهُ]. (TA.) [In this sense it is doubly trans.:] you say, أَنْكَرْتُهُ حَقَّهُ, meaning, I denied, or disacknowledged, to him his right. (Msb.) The cause of إِنْكَار with the tongue is إِنْكَار with the mind, but sometimes the tongue denies, or disacknowledges, (يُنْكِرُ,) a thing when the image thereof is present in the mind; and this is lying; as is the case in the following passage of the Kur, [xvi. 85,] يَعْرِفُونَ نِعْمَةَ اللّٰهِ ثُمَّ يُنْكِرُونَهَا [They confess, or acknowledge, the favour of God; then they deny, or disacknowledge, it]. (B.) See also نَكِيرٌ.

A2: Also, He deemed it strange, extraordinary, or improbable. (MF, voce عَجَبٌ.] b2: [Also He denied, or negatived, it. b3: He disbelieved it. b4: and He disapproved it; he disliked it; he deemed it, or declared it to be, bad, evil, abominable, or foul; he disallowed it: so accord. to explanations of the pass. part. n., q. v. infra; and accord. to common usage of classical and of modern times.] It is said of Abraham, when the angels came to him, and he saw that their hands did not touch the meat which be had brought to them, نَكِرَهُمْ, meaning, أَنْكَرَ ذٰلِكَ مِنْهُمْ [He deemed that conduct of their's evil, or disapproved it: or, perhaps, he did not know what that conduct of their's was, or what it indicated]: ↓ نَكِرَ and أَنْكَرَ and ↓ استنكر [of which last see an ex. voce تَهِمَ] signify the same. (Bd, xi. 73.) And you say, أَنْكَرْتُ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ, meaning, I blamed, or found fault with, his deed, and forbade it; I disapproved and disallowed his deed. (Msb:) [and I manifested, or showed, or declared, disapproval, or disallowance, of his deed: and in like manner, أَنْكَرْتُ عَليْهِ, elliptically; فِعْلَهُ, (his deed,) or قَوْلَهُ, (his saying;) or the like, being understood; like عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ for عَيَّرَ عَلَيْهِ فِعْلَهُ or the like: see نَكِيرٌ.] b5: إِنْكَارٌ also signifies The changing [a thing; like تَنْكِيرٌ]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what isمُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved: see نَكِيرٌ, which is syn. with it, but is a simple subst.]. (S, TA.) b6: مَا أَنْكَرَهُ How great it his cunning! meaning both his intelligence, and craft, and forecast; and simply, his intelligence, or skill and knowledge. (TA.) And مَا كَانَ أَنْكَرَهُ How great was his cunning, &c. (TA.) 5 تنكّر He, or it, changed, or altered, himself, or itself; or became changed, or altered; (S, A, Msb, TA;) to an unknown state: (S, TA:) [he assumed an unknown appearance: he disguised himself; or became disguised:] he became changed or altered in countenance by anger so that he who saw him did not know him: (Har, p. 144:) or تَنَكُّرٌ signifies the changing, or altering oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which pleases one to a state which one dislikes. (T, K.) b2: إِيَّاكَ وَالتَّنَكُّرَ Avoid thou evil disposition. (Mgh.) b3: تَنَكَّرَ لِى

فُلاَنٌ Such a one [became changed, or altered, in countenance to me by anger so that I did not know him; or] met me in a morose manner (A, TA.) [In art. شنف in the K, تَنَكَّرَهُ occurs.]6 تناكرهُ: see 4, first signification. b2: تناكر He feigned ignorance. (S, A, K.) b3: تناكروا They acted with mutual hostility. (TS, A, K.) 10 اشتنكرهُ: see 4, first signification, and also in the latter part. b2: اِسْتِنْكَارٌ also signifies The inquiring respecting, or seeking to understand, a thing, or an affair, which one disapproves; (K, TA;) when one disapproves confirming, or establishing, the opinion expressed by an inquirer, or disapproves that his opinion should be contrary to what he has expressed. (TA.) نَكْرٌ: see نُكْرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ.

نُكْرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ [but the former is the more common] and ↓ نَكَارَةٌ (S, A, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (A, K) Cunning; meaning both intelligence mixed with croft and forecast; and [simply] intelligence, or sagacity, or skill and knowledge; syn. دَهَآءٌ; (S, A, K;) and فِطْنَةٌ. (A, K.) See also نَكُرَ.

You say of a man who is intelligent and evil, or cunning, مَا أَشَدَّ نُكْرَهُ, and ↓ نَكْرَهُ [How great is his cunning, &c.!] (S.) And فَعَلَهُ مِنْ نُكْرِهِ, and ↓ نَكَارَتِهِ, He did it of his cunning, &c. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of Mo'áwiyeh, إِنِّى لَأَكْرَهُ النَّكَارَةَ فِى الرَّجُلِ Verily I hate cunning (الدَّهَآءَ) in the man. (TA.) A2: نُكْرٌ, as an epithet, applied to a thing, or an affair, Difficult, hard, arduous, or severe; as also ↓ نُكُرٌ (M, A, K) and ↓ نَكِيرٌ: (TA:) and i. q. مُنْكَرٌ, q. v. (S, A, K.) نَكَرٌ [app. Difficulty, hardness, arduousness, or severity;] a subst. from نَكُرَ, in the sense of صَعُبَ [It was difficult, &c.]. (IKtt, TA.) نَكُرٌ: see نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ (S, K) and ↓ نُكُرٌ and ↓ مُنْكَرٌ, (K,) epithets applied to a man, Possessing cunning; or intelligence mixed with cunning and forecast; (S, K;) and [simply] intelligent, or skilful and knowing: (K:) and so, applied to a woman, ↓ نُكُرٌ (K) and ↓ نَكْرٌ (L, TA [but this is probably a mistake for ↓ نُكُرٌ]) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ, but أَنْكَرُ is not applied to a man in this sense, (Az, TA,) nor is مُنْكَرَةٌ to a woman: (TA:) pl. of the first and second (S, K,) and third, (K,) أَنْكَارٌ: (S, K:) and of the last, مَنَاكِيرُ: (Sb, S, K:) or, applied to men, مُنْكَرُونَ; and to other things, مَنَاكِيرُ [which is irreg.]. (Az, TA.) b2: Also, نَكِرٌ and ↓ نَكُرٌ One who disapproves what is bad, evil, abominable, or foul; expl. by أَلَّذِى يُنْكِرُ الْمُنْكَرَ: pl. as above. (S.) نُكُرٌ: see نُكْرٌ, and مُنْكَرٌ.

A2: See also نَكِرٌ, in two places.

نَكَرَةٌ a subst. from إِنْكَارٌ, (K,) with which it is syn., [app. signifying (like نَكِرَةٌ) Ignorance: or denial: or disapproval, or the like]. (TK,) like نَفَقَةٌ from إِنْفَاقٌ. (K.) It is said, in a certain trad, كُنْتَ لِى أَشَدَّ نَكَرَةً, (TA,) i. e. إِنْكَارًا, (TK,) [Thou wast to me most ignorant. &c.]

نَكِرَةٌ Ignorance, &c., (إِنْكَار,) of a thing; (TA;) contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ; (S, K;) and so ↓ نَكَارَةٌ; syn. جَهَالَةٌ; as in the phrase فِيهِ نَكَارَةٌ [In him is ignorance]. (A.) See also نَكَرَةٌ. b2: [As contr. of مَعْرِفَةٌ, it is also, in grammar, an epithet applied to a noun, signifying Indeterminate, or indefinite.]

نَكْرَآءُ: see مُنْكَرٌ. b2: A calamity: (K:) rigour, or severity, of fortune; (A, TA;) as also [its dim.] نُكَيْرَآء. (TA.) A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

A3: and see نَكِرٌ.

نَكِيرٌ i. q. إِنْكَارٌ [in the sense of Denial]. (K.) It is said in the Kur, xlii. 46. فَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ نَكِيرٍ

And there shall be for you no [power of] denial of your sins. (Bd, Jel.) And one says, شُتِمَ فُلَانٌ فَمَا كَانَ عِنْدَهُ نَكِيرٌ [Such a one was reviled and he had no denial to make]. (A.) b2: [Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of Disapproval, or the like: and manifestation thereof. See what here follows.]

b3: Also, i. q. إِنْكَارٌ in the sense of The changing [a thing]: (T, Msb, TA:) or the changing what is مُنْكَر [here app. meaning disapproved]: (S, TA:) a simple subst. (T, TA.) The words of the Kur, [xxii. 43 and lxvii. 18,] فَكَيْفَ كَانَ نَكِيرِ are explained as signifying And how was my changing [of their condition]! (TA:) or the meaning is, and how was my manifestation of disapproval of their conduct, (إِنْكَارِى عَلَيْهِمْ,) by changing favour into trial, and life into destruction, and a flourishing condition into a state of ruin! (Bd, xxii. 43.) In [some of] the copies of the K, it is said that نَكِيرَةٌ [but in a MS. copy I find نَكِيرٌ and so in the CK] is a subst. from تَنَكُّرٌ as signifying the changing, or altering, oneself, or itself; or becoming changed, or altered; from a state which please one to a state which one dislikes: but a different statement is found in the T: [see above.] and نكيرة is not mentioned by any authority. (TA.) A2: A strong fortress. (Sgh, K.) See نُكْرٌ.

A3: See also مُنْكَرٌ.

نَكَارَةٌ: see نَكِرَةٌ.

A2: See also نُكْرٌ.

أَنْكَرُ Worse, and worst; more, and most, evil, abominable, or foul. So it is explained as occurring in the Kur. [xxxi. 18,] إِنّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الحَمِيرِ [Verily the most abominable of voices is the voice of asses]. (TA.) b2: See also نَكِرٌ: and the fem., نَكْرَآءُ, see above.

مُنْكَرٌ contr. of مَعْرُوفٌ: (K:) [an explanation including several significations, here following.]

b2: [Ignored, or unknown; as also ↓ مَنْكُورٌ, for مَنْكُورٌ is syn. with مَجْهُولٌ [the pass. part. n. of the verb by which أَنْكَرَهُ is explained by Kr and in the K]; (TA;) and ↓ مُسْتَنْكَرٌ signifies the same. (L.) For the pls. of مُنْكَرٌ, see نَكِرٌ. b3: [Denied, or disacknowledged. (See the verb.) b4: Deemed strange, extraordinary, or improbable, (See again the verb.)] b5: Any action disapproved, or disallowed, by sound intellects; or deemed, or declared, thereby, to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, foul, unseemly, ugly, or hideous; or pronounced to be so by the law because the mind deliberates respecting the regarding it as such: and thus it is used in the Kur, ix. 113 [and other places]: (B, TA:) or anything pronounced to be bad, evil, hateful, abominable, or foul, and forbidden, and disapproved, disliked, or hated, by the law: (TA:) a saying, or an action, unapproved, not approved, unaccepted, or not accepted, by God: (KT:) unbecoming, indecent, or indecorous. (KL.) See مَعْرُوفٌ, voce عُرْفٌ. مُنْكَرٌ and ↓ نُكْرٌ and ↓ نُكُرٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and ↓ نَكْرَآءُ (S, Msb K) are all syn., (S, A, Msb, K,) [and are used as epithets in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] signifying a bad, an evil, a hateful, an abominable, a foul, an unseemly, an ugly, or a hideous, [and a formidable,] thing or affair [or action or saying or quality, &c.]: (Msb:) [in this sense, its pl. is مُنْكَرَاتٌ and مَنَاكِيرُ; as will be seen below:] ↓ نُكْرٌ is contr. of عُرْفٌ [which is syn. with مَعْرُوفٌ]. (TA.) You say فِيهِمُ الْمَعْرُوفُ وَالْمُنْكَرُ, and العُرْفُ والنُّكْرُ, [In them are good and evil qualities.] And هُمْ يَرْكَبُونَ الْمُنْكَرَاتِ, and المَنَاكِيرَ, [They commit bad, evil, abominable, or foul, actions.] (A.) And it is said in the Kur, [xviii. 73,] لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا نُكْرًا [Verily thou hast done a bad, an evil, an abominable, or a foul, thing]. (S.) A2: The name of one of two angels, the other of whom is named نَكِيرٌ; (S;) who are the two triers of [the dead in] the graves. (ISd, K.) A3: See also نَكِرٌ.

مَنْكُورٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification. The pl. is مَنَاكِيرُ, [which is also a pl. of مُنْكَرٌ,] accord. to Sb, who mentions it because, accord. to rule, the pl. of a sing. of this class is formed by the addition of و and ن for the masc., and ا and ت for the fem. (Abu-l-Hasan, TA.) خَرَجَ مُتَنَكِّرًّا He went forth disguised; or changed in outward appearance, or state of apparel. (TA.) مُسْتَنْكَرٌ: see مُنْكَرٌ, first signification.

طَرِيقٌ يَنْكُورٌ A road, or way, in a wrong direction. (S, K.)

نشز

1 نَشَزٌ, aor. ـُ and نَشِزَ, (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. نَشْزٌ, (S, K,) or نُشُوزٌ, (Msb,) He rose, or raised himself, (S, A, Msb, K,) فِى المَكَانِ in the place, (S,) and فِى مَجْلِسِهِ in his sitting-place, (TA,) and عَنْ مَكَانِهِ, (A,) or مِنْ مَكَانِهِ, (Msb,) from his place: (A, Msb:) or he rose a little in his sittingplace: (TA:) or he stood up after sitting. (TA.) Both forms of the aor. occur, accord. to different readings, (the former being the reading of the people of El-Hijáz, and the latter that of others, Fr, TA,) in the Kur, [lviii. 12,] وَإِذَا قِيلَ انْشُِزُوا فَانْشُِزُوا, (Msb, TA,) meaning, accord. to Aboo-Is-hák, And when it is said, Rise ye and stand up, then do ye rise and stand up. (TA.) Accord. to IKtt, نَشَزَ القَوْمُ فِى مَجْلِسِهِمْ signifies The people drew themselves together [in their sitting-place to make room] for those sitting with them: and also they rose from their sitting-place, and stood up. (TA.) You say also, نَشَزَ بِالقَوْمِ فِى الخُصُومَةِ, inf. n. نُشُوزٌ, He rose with the people for the purpose of contention, altercation, or litigation. (TA.) b2: He, or it, overtopped, or overlooked, an elevated piece of ground, and appeared. (TA.) b3: [It rose; rose from its place; was, or became, high or elevated, protuberant or prominent; it protruded.] b4: نَشَزَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) His soul, or spirit, or stomach, heaved, (A, K,) by reason of fright. (A, TA.) A2: Hence, from نَشَزَ in the first of the senses explained above, (Msb,) or from نَشْزٌ, signifying “ high, or elevated, ground,” (Aboo-Is- hák, TA,) نَشَزَتِ المَرْأَةُ, (S, K,) or نَشَزَتْ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا, (A, Mgh, TA,) or مِنْ زَوْجِهَا, (Msb,) and بِزَوْجِهَا, (TA,) aor. ?? and نَشِزَ, inf. n. نُشُوزٌ, (S, Msb, K,) (tropical:) The woman, or wife, was, or became, disobedient to her husband, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and exalted herself against him, (TA,) and resisted him, or withstood him, (Msb,) and hated him, (S, Mgh, K,) and deserted him: (TA:) or she disliked him, or hated him, (Zj, Mgh, TA,) and was an evil companion to him. (Zj, TA.) And نَشَزَ بَعْلُهَا عَلَيْهَا, (S, A, K,) or مِنْهَا, aor. ـُ and نَشِزَ, (Msb,) inf. n. نُشُوزٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) Her husband treated her injuriously, and was unkind to her, or estranged himself from her: (S, K:) or forsook her, and was unkind to her, or estranged himself from her: (Msb:) or disliked her, or hated her, (Zj, Mgh, TA,) and was an evil companion to her. (Zj, TA.) 4 انشزهُ He raised it, (A, Msb, K,) namely, a place, (Msb,) or a thing, (K,) from its place. (A, K.) b2: [Hence,] انشز عِظَامَ المَيِّتِ He [God] raised the bones of the dead to their places, and set them, or put them together, one upon another. (S, K.) So in the Kur, [ii. 261,] وَانْظُرْ إِلَى الْعِظَامِ كَيْفَ نُنْشِزُهَا ثُمَّ نَكْسُوهَا لَحْمًا [And look thou at the bones (of thine ass), how we raise them to their places, &c., then we clothe them with flesh], accord. to the reading of Zeyd Ibn-Thábit; (Fr, S, * TA;) but the Koofees read [نُنْشِرُهَا] with rá: the former reading, however, accord. to Th, is preferred. (TA.) [See art. نشر.] b3: Hence also, انشر الرَّضَاعُ العَظْمَ (tropical:) The sucking of the breast increased, or augmented, the bone: as also انشرهُ, with rá. (Msb.) نَشْزٌ and ↓ نَشَزٌ A high, or an elevated, place; (S, A, Mgh, K;) as also ↓ نَشَازٌ: (S, K:) or high, or elevated, ground: (Zj, TA:) or high, or elevated, and hard, ground: (M, TA:) or what rises from a valley to the [adjacent] ground, and is not rugged: (TA:) pl. (of the first, S, Msb) نُشُوزٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) and (of the second, S, TA, or of the first, Msb) نِشَازٌ, (S, Msb, K,) and (of the second, S, Msb,) أَنْشَازٌ. (S, Mgh, Msb, K.) You say, قَعَدَ عَلَى نَشْزٍ مِنَ الأَرْضِ, and نَشَزٍ, [He sat upon a high piece of ground.] (Msb.) And أُقْعُدْ على ذٰلِكَ النَّشَازِ Sit thou upon that high place. (S.) نَشَزٌ: see نَشْزٌ.

نَشَازٌ: see نَشْزٌ.

نَاشِزٌ Rising; or rising from its place; high, or elevated; protuberant, or prominent; protruding. (K, * TA.) You say, قَلْبٌ نَاشِزٌ A heart rising from its place by reason of fright. (K, TA.) And تَلٌّ نَاشِزٌ A high, or an elevated, mound, or hill: pl. [reg. of نَاشِزَةٌ and irreg. of نَاشِزٌ] نَوَاشِزُ. (TA.) And رَكَبٌ نَاشِزٌ A protuberant, high, pubes, or mons Veneris. (TA.) And لَحْمَةٌ نَاشِزَةٌ A piece of flesh elevated, or protuberant, upon the body. (TA.) And عِرْقٌ نَاشِزٌ A vein constantly swollen and pulsating (A, K *) in consequence of disease (K, TA) or from some other cause. (TA.) And رَجُلٌ نَاشِزُ الجَبْهَةِ A man having a high, or prominent, forehead. (TA.) And إِمْرَأَةٌ نَاشِزَةُ القُصَيْرَى A woman large in the sides, having the قصيرى [or lowest of the ribs] with the flesh upon it, prominent. (IAar, TA.) A2: Also, (A, TA,) or نَاشِزَةٌ, (Mgh,) [but the former is the more common,] (tropical:) A woman disobedient to her husband, (Mgh, TA,) and exalting herself against him, (TA,) and hating him, (Mgh, TA,) and deserting him. (TA.) See 1. [The former epithet is also applied in like manner to a husband.]

نهز

1 نَهَزَ, aor. ـَ (Msb,) inf. n. نَهْزٌ, (Msb, TA,) He rose to take a thing with his extended hand. (Msb, JK, TA.) He took a thing with his extended hand. (JK, TA.) See also 3 and 8.

A2: نَهَزَ الشَّىْءُ The thing became near. (K.) See also 3, in two places.3 ناهزهُ, inf. n. مُنَاهَزَةٌ, He strove with him, or made haste, to outstrip him; to be, or get, before him; to precede him. (TA.) You say, ناهز الصَّيْدَ He made haste to get before the game, or object of the chase, (K, TA,) and seized it before its escape. (TA.) And نَاهَزْتُهُمُ الفُرَصَ [I strove with them, or made haste, to be before them in taking, or seizing, the opportunities, or the turns for drawing water or the like]. (S, A.) A poet says, نَاهَزْتُهُمْ بِنَيْطَلٍ جَرُوفِ [I strove with them, or made haste, to be before them in drawing water with a capacious bucket]. (S.) A2: Also, (K,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He approached it; drew near to it; nearly attained to it; (K, TA;) as also ↓ نَهَزَهُ. (TA.) You say, ناهز البُلُوغُ, (S, Msb,) and الحُلُمَ, (A, TA,) He (a boy, S, Msb) approached, drew near to, or nearly attained to, puberty. (S, A, Msb.) and ناهز الخَمْسِينَ [He approached, or nearly attained to, the age of fifty]. (A, TA.) And ناهز لِلْفِطَامِ, (A, Msb,) inf. n. as above, (Msb,) He (a child) approached, or drew near to, the [time of] weaning; (A, Msb;) as also ↓ نَهَزَ لَهُ, (Msb, TA,) aor. ـَ (Msb.) A3: See also 8.6 تناهزا They strove together, or made haste, each to be, or get, before the other. (K.) Yousay, هُمَا يَتَنَاهَزَانِ إِمَارَةَ بَلَدِ كَذَا They strive together, or make haste, each to be before the other in obtaining the government of such a town, or country. (S, * TA.) And تَنَاهَزُوا الفُرَصَ [They strove together, or made haste, to be before one another in taking, or seizing, the opportunities, or the turns for drawing water or the like: see 3.] (A.) 8 انتهز الفُرْصَةَ He took, or seized, [or availed himself of,] the opportunity; syn. اِغْتَنَمَهَا: (S, A, K:) or he arose and hastened to be before another, or others, in taking, or seizing, the opportunity; or simply he hastened to take it. (Msb.) You say, انْتَهِزْهَا قَدْ أَمْكَنَتْكَ قَبْلَ الفَوْتِ [Take thou, or seize thou, it; (meaning the opportunity;) for it hath become within thy power; before the escape thereof]. (TA.) And اِنْتَهِزْ فَقَدْ أَعْرَضَ لَكَ [Take thou, or seize thou, the opportunity; for it hath offered itself to thee]. (A, TA.) Also, انْتَهَزَهَا He took it, or them, [but to what the pronoun refers is not shown,] with his extended hand, from a near spot; and so ↓ نَاهَزَهَا. (TA.) And انتهز الشَّىْءَ He accepted the thing, and hastened to take it with his extended hand. (TA.) نُهْزَةٌ An opportunity; a time at which, or during which, a thing may be done or had; syn. فُرْصَةٌ. (S, K.) b2: A thing that offers itself to one as a prey, or spoil. (JK, L. *) You say, فُلَانٌ نُهْزَةُ المُخْتَلِسِ [Such a one is the prey of the snatcher]; meaning, such a one is the prey of every one. (L.) And هٰذِهِ نُهْزَةٌ فَاخْتَلِسْهَا [This is a thing that offers itself as a prey, therefore snatch thou it.] (A.) نَاهِزٌ Approaching, or near, to the time of weaning; applied to a boy; (JK, Msb, TA;) and to a girl; (TA;) or the epithet applied to the latter is with ة. (JK, Msb.)

نخس

1 نَخَسَهُ, aor. ـُ (S, A, Msb, K,) and نَخَسَ, (Lh, S, A, Mgh, K,) and نَخِسَ, (Lh, TA,) inf. n. نَخْسٌ, (S, Mgh, Msb,) He goaded, or pricked, him, namely, a beast, (A, Mgh, Msb, K,) with a stick (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) or the like, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, in the hinder part, or the side, (A, K,) so that he became excited. (Msb.) b2: نَخَسَ بِهِ He goaded his beast. (Mgh.) b3: نَخَسُوا بِهِ, (A, L, TA,) or نَخَسُوهُ, (K,) They goaded his (a man's) beast, and drove him (the man) away; (A, L, TA;) they drove him away, goading his camel with him. (K.) b4: And نَخَسَ بِالرَّجُلِ (assumed tropical:) He excited, or roused, the man, and disquieted, or disturbed, him. (L, TA.) b5: You say also, بِهِ ↓ أَنْخَسَ, meaning, أَبْعَدَهُ (tropical:) [He put him, or sent him, away, or far away]. (A, TA.) [Or perhaps the right reading is إِنْخَسْ بِهِ, meaning, أَبْعِدْهُ [Put thou him, or send thou him, away, or far away: as seems to be indicated by what immediately follows in those two works and here.] and تَكَلَّمَ فَنَخَسُوا بِهِ (tropical:) [app. meaning He spoke, and they put him away]. (A, TA.) 4 أَنْخَسَ see 1.

نِخَاسَةٌ and نَخَاسَةٌ The trade of selling beasts: and the trade of selling slaves. (K.) نَخَّاسٌ A goader of beasts. (Msb.) — and hence, (S, * A, * Msb,) A seller of beasts; (K;) one who acts as a broker for the sale of beasts (Mgh, Msb) and the like: (Msb:) and a seller of slaves: (K;) sometimes used in the latter sense: (TA:) a genuine Arabic word. (IDrd.)

نفس

1 نَفُسَ, aor. ـُ inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ (S, M, A, Msb, K) and نِفَاسٌ and نَفسٌ (K) and نُفُوسٌ; (TA;) and ↓ أَنْفَسَ, (M, A, Msb,) inf. n. إِنْفَاسٌ; (A, Msb;) It was, or became, high in estimation, of high account, or excellent; (M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious, or valuable;] and therefore, (TA,) was desired with emulation, or in much request: (S, K, TA:) and the ↓ latter verb, said of property, it was, or became, loved, and highly esteemed. (TA.) A2: نَفِسَ بِهِ, (S, M, Msb, K,) aor. ـَ (K,) inf. n. نَفَسٌ (M) [and app. نَفْسٌ as will be shown below] and نَفَاسَةٌ and نَفَاسِيَةٌ, which last is extr., (M, TA,) He was, or became avaricious, tenacious, or niggardly, of it, (S, M, Msb, K,) because of its being in high estimation, or excellent. (Msb.) Hence the saying in the Kur, [xlvii. 40,] فَإِنَّمَا يَبْخَلُ عَنْ نَفْسِهِ [app. meaning He is only avaricious from his avarice.] (TA.) You say, نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) or عَنْهُ [in the place of عليه], (TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, or withholding it from him. (M, TA.) And نَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, (S, M, K, TA,) and بِالشَّىْءِ, (M,) inf. n. نَفَاسَةٌ. (S, K, TA,) He was, or became, avaricious, &c., of the thing, towards him, and thought him not worthy of it, and was not pleased at its coming to him: (TA:) or [simply] he thought him not worthy of it: (S, M, K;) as also نافسهُ ↓ فِيهِ ; of which last verb we have an ex. in the phrase تُنَافِسُ دُنْيَا, used by a poet in speaking of the tribe of Kureysh, meaning either تُنَافِسُ فِى دُنْبَا [they think others not worthy of worldly good]. or تُنَافسُ أَهْلَ دُنْيَا [they think the possessors of worldly good unworthy thereof]. (M.) [See also 3, below.] You say also, نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ بِخَيْرٍ, (A, K,) or بِخَيْرٍ قَلِيل, (S,) and نَفِسْتَ عَلَىَّ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا, (A,) inf. n. نَفْسٌ and نَفَاسَةٌ, (A,) Thou enviedst me (S, A, K) good, (A, K,) or a little good, (S,) and much good, (A.) and didst not consider me worthy of it. (A.) And فُلَانٌ مَا يَتَنَغَّسُ عَلَيْنَا الغَنِيمَةَ وَالظَّفَرَ [app. meaning Such a one does not envy us the spoil and the victory.] (A, in continuation of what here immediately precedes.) And مَا هٰذَا النَّفَسُ What is this envying? (A, TA.) A3: نُفِسَتْ; (S, M, A, Msb, K;) and نَفِسَتْ, (S, M, Msb, K,) as some of the Arabs say, (Msb.) aor. ـ, (Msb, K:) inf. n. نِفَاسٌ and نِفَاسةٌ (S, M) and نَفَسٌ, (M, TA,) or the first of these ns. is a simple subst.; (Msb;) (tropical:) She (a woman) brought forth; (S, M, K;) and نُفِسَتْ وَلَدًا [she brought forth a child]: (Th, M:) and نُفِسَتْ بِوَلَدِهَا [she brought forth her child]. (A.) You say also, وَرِث فُلَانٌ هٰذَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْفَسَ فُلَانٌ, meaning, Such a one inherited this before such a one was born. (S.) b2: Also, both these verbs, (Msb, K,) or the latter, نَفِسَتْ, only, (Az, Mgh, TA,) or the latter is the more common, (K.) the former, which is related on the authority of As, not being well known, (Msb,) (tropical:) She (a woman) menstruated. (Az, Mgh, Msb, K.) [In the CK, a confusion is made by the omission of a و before the verb which explains this last signification.] This signification and that next preceding it are from نَفْسٌ meaning “ blood. ” (Mgh.) A4: نَفَسْتُهُ بِنَفْسِ (tropical:) I smote him with an [evil or envious] eye. (S, K, TA.) 2 نفّسهُ فِيهِ, or بِهِ: see 4.

A2: نفّس كُرْبَتَهُ, (A, Mgh, Msb, K, *) and نفّس عَنْهُ كُرْبَتَهُ, (S,) inf. n. تَنْفِيسٌ (S, Msb, K) and [quasi-inf. n.] نَفَسٌ, (K,) (tropical:) He (God) removed, or cleared away, his grief, or sorrow, or anxiety: (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K *:) and نفّس عَنْهُ signifies the same; (M, Mgh;) and He made his circumstances ample and easy; (M, TA;) and he (a man) eased him, or relieved him, syn. رَفَّهَ: (S, TA:) and also, this last phrase, he granted him a delay: the objective compliment being omitted: and نَفِّسْنِى is used as meaning grant thou to me a delay: or, elliptically, نَفِّسْ كَرْبِى or غَمِّى [remove thou my grief, &c.]. (Mgh.) b2: [Hence] حَرْفُ تَنْفِيسٍ, applied to the prefix سَ [and its variants سَوْفَ &c.], meaning A particle of amplification; because changing the aor. from the strait time which is the present, to the ample time, which is the future. (Mughnee, in art. س.) A3: نفّس القَوْسَ (tropical:) He cracked the bow: (Kr. M:) [see 5:] accord. to ISh, he put (حَطَّ) its string [upon the bow]. (TA.) 3 نافس فِى الشَّىْءِ, (S, K. *) inf. n. مُنَافَسَةٌ and نِفَاسٌ, (S,) He desired the thing, [or aspired to it.] with generous emulation; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنافس: (K:) and نافس صَاحِبَهُ فِيهِ [he vied with his companion in desire for it]: (A:) or تنافسوا ↓ فيه CCC signifies they desired it [or aspired to it]: (S:) or they vied, one with another, in desiring it: or they desired it with emulation; syn. فَراغَبَوا: (A, TA:) [and يُنَنَافسُ فيه it is emulously desired, or in request; or in great request:] or مُنَافَسَهٌ and ↓ تَنَافُسٌ signify the desiring to have a thing, and to have it for himself exclusively of any other person; from نَفِيسٌ, signifying a thing “ good, or goodly, or excellent, in its kind: ” (TA:) and تَنَافَسْنَا ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرَ and تنافسنا فيه we envied one another for that thing, and strove for priority in attaining it. (M.) See also تَفِسَ عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ, with which نَافَسَهُ فِيهِ is syn. (M.) 4 انفس: see نَفُسَ, in two places.

A2: انفسهُ It (a thing, TA) pleased him, (K, TA,) and made him desirous of it: (TA:) or became highly esteemed by him. (IKtt.) b2: أَنْفَسَنى فِيهِ He made me desirous of it; (S, M, A, K:) as also تَفَّسَنِى فيه, (IAar, M, TA,) or بِهِ. (So in my copy of the A.) A3: مَا أَنْفَسَهُ How powerful is his evil, or envious, eye! (Lh, M.) 5 تنفّس [He breathed] is said of a man and of every animal having lungs: (S:) [or it signifies] he drew (اِسْتَمَدَّ) breath: (M:) or [he respired, i. e.] he drew breath with the air-passages in his nose; to his inside, and emitted it. (Msb.) Yousay also, تنفّس الصُّعَدَآءَ [He sighed: see also art. صعد]. (S.) b2: (tropical:) He (a man) emitted wind from beneath him. (TA.) b3: Also, (TA,) or تنفّس فِى الإِنَآءِ, (K,) (tropical:) He drank (K, TA) from the vessel (TA) with three restings between draughts, and separated the vessel from his mouth at every such resting: (K, TA.) and, contr., the latter phrase, (assumed tropical:) he drank [from the vessel] without separating it from his mouth: (K, TA:) which latter mode of drinking is disapproved. (TA.) b4: Also تنفّس (assumed tropical:) He lengthened in speech; he spoke long; for when a speaker takes breath, it is easy to him to lengthen his speech; and تنفس فِى الكَلَامِ signifies the same. (TA.) b5: (tropical:) It (said of the day, M, A, and of the dawn, A, and of other things, M) became extended; (M;) it became long; (M, A;) or, said of the day, accord. to Lh, it advanced so that it became noon: (M:) or it increased: (S:) and it extended far: and hence it is said of life, meaning either it became protracted, and extended far, or it became ample: (M:) and, said of the dawn, it shone forth, (Akh, S, K, TA,) and extended so that it became clear day: (Fr, TA:) or it broke, so that things became plain in consequence of it: (TA:) or it rose: (Mujáhid:) or its dusty hue shone at the approach of a gentle wind. (Bd, lxxxi. 18.) You say also, تنفّس بِهِ العُمُرُ (tropical:) [Life became long, or protracted, &c., with him]. (A.) And تنفّست دِجْلَةُ (assumed tropical:) The water of the Tigris increased. (TA.) b6: تنفّس المَوْجُ (tropical:) The waves sprinkled the water. (S, K.) b7: تنفّست القَوْسُ (tropical:) The bow cracked. (S, M, K.) It is only the stick that is not split in twain that does so; and this is the best of bows. And تنفّس in the same sense is said of an arrow. (M.) A2: [تنفّس عَلَيْهِ الشَّىْءَ app. signifies the same as نَفِسَ عليه الشىء, q. v.]6 تَنَاْفَسَ see 3, throughout.

نَفْسٌ The soul; the spirit; the vital principle; syn. رُوحٌ: (S, M, A, Msb, K:) but between these two words is a difference [which must be fully explained hereafter, though ISd says, that it is not of the purpose of his book, the M, to explain it]: (M:) in this sense it is fem.: (Msb:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْفُسٌ and [of mult.] نُفُوسٌ. (M, Msb.) You say, خَرَجَتْ نَفْسُهُ [His soul, or spirit, went forth]; (Aboo-Is-hák, S, M, Msb, K;) and so جَادَتْ نَفْسُهُ. (Msb.) And a poet says, not Aboo-Khirásh as in the S, but Hudheyfeh Ibn-Anas, (IB,) نَجَا سَالِمٌ والنَّفْسُ مِنْهُ بِشِدْقِهِ وَلَمْ يَنْجُ إِلَّا جَفْنَ سَيْفٍ وَمِئْزَرَا i. e., [Sálim escaped when the soul was in the side of his mouth; but he escaped not save] with the scabbard of a sword and with a waist-wrapper. (S.) In the same sense the word is used in the saying. فِى نَفْسِ فُلَانٍ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ كَذَا وَكَذَا [but this seems rather to mean, It is in the mind of such a one to do so and so]. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) Some of the lexicologists assert the نَفْس and the رُوح to be one and the same, except that the former is fem., and the latter [generally or often] masc.: others say, that the latter is that whereby is life; and the former, that whereby is intellect, or reason; so that when one sleeps, God takes away his نفس, but not his روح, which is not taken save at death: and the نَفْس is thus called because of its connexion with the نَفَس [or breath]. (IAmb.) Or every man has نَفْسَانِ [two souls]: (I'Ab, Zj:) نَفْسُ العَقْلِ [the soul of intellect, or reason, also called النَّفْسُ النَّاطِقَةُ (see رُوحٌ)], whereby one discriminates, [i. e., the mind,] (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ التَّمْيِيزِ [the soul of discrimination], which quits him when he sleeps, so that he does not understand thereby, God taking it away: (Zj:) and نَفْسُ الرُّوحِ [the soul of the breath], whereby one lives, (I'Ab,) or نَفْسُ الحَيَاةِ [the soul of life], and when this quits him, the breath quits with it; whereas the sleeper breathes: and this is the difference between the taking away of the نفس of the sleeper in sleep and the taking away of the نفس of the living [at death.] (Zj.) Much has been said respecting the نَفْس and the رُوح; whether they be one, or different: but the truth is, that there is a difference between them, since they are not always interchangeable: for it is said in the Kur, [xv. 29 and xxxviii. 72,] وَنَفَخْتُ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِى [And I have blown into him of my spirit.]; not مِنْ نَفْسِى: and [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى [to be explained hereafter]; not فِى رُوحِى, nor would this expression be well except from Jesus: and [lviii. 9,] وَيَقُولُونَ فِى أَنْفُسِهِمْ [And they say in their souls, or within themselves]: for which it would not be well to say فِى أَرْوَاحِهِمْ: and [xxxix. 57,] أَنْ تَقُولَ نَفْسٌ [That a soul shall say]; for which no Arab would say أَنْ تَقُولَ رُوحٌ: hence, the difference between them depends upon the considerations of relation: and this is indicated by a trad., in which it is said that God created Adam, and put into him a نَفْس and a رُوح; and that from the latter was his quality of abstaining from unlawful and indecorous things, and his understanding, and his clemency, or forbearance, and his liberality, and his fidelity; and from the former, [which is also called النَّفْسُ الأَمَّارَةُ, q. v., in art. أمر,] his appetence, and his unsteadiness, and his hastiness of disposition, and his anger: therefore one should not say that نَفْسٌ is the same as رُوحٌ absolutely, without restriction, nor رُوحٌ the same as نَفْس. (R.) The Arabs also make the discriminative نَفْس to be two; because it sometimes commands the man to do a thing or forbids him to do it; and this is on the occasion of setting about an affair that is disliked: therefore they make that which commands him to be a نفس, and that which forbids him to be as though it were another نفس: and hence the saying, mentioned by Z, فُلَانٌ يُؤَامِرُ نَفْسَيْهِ (tropical:) [Such a one consults his two souls, or minds]; said of a man when two opinions occur to him. (TA.) [بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ is an elliptical phrase sometimes used, for بِنَفْسِى فُلَانٌ مَفْدِىٌّ, which see in art. فدى.] b2: (assumed tropical:) A thing's self; (S, M, A, K, TA;) used as a corroborative; (S, TA;) its whole, (Aboo-Is-hák, M, TA,) and essential constituent: (Aboo-Is-hák, M, A, K, TA:) pl. as above, أَنْفُسٌ and نُفُوسٌ. (M.) You say, رَأَيْتُ فُلَانًا نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) I saw such a one himself, (S,) and جَآءَنِى بِنَفْسِهِ [or, more properly, حَآءَنِى هُوَ بِنَفْسِهِ (see, under the head of بِ, a remark on that preposition when used in a case of this kind, redundantly,)] He came to me himself. (S, K.) And وَلِىَ الأَمْرَ بِنَفْسِهِ [He superintended, managed, or conducted, the affair in his own person]. (K, in art. بشر, &c.) And حَدَّثَ نَفْسَهُ [He talked to himself; soliloquized]. (Msb, in art. بلو; &c.) and قَتَلَ فُلَانٌ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) [Such a one killed himself]: and أَهْلَكَ نَفْسَهُ (assumed tropical:) made his whole self to fall into destruction. (Aboo-Is-hák, M.) And hence, (TA,) from نَفْسُ الشَّىْءِ signifying ذَاتُهُ, (M,) the saying mentioned by Sb, نَزَلْتُ بِنَفْسِ الجَبَلِ (assumed tropical:) [I alighted in the mountain itself]: and نَفْسُ الجَبَلِ مُقَابِلِى (assumed tropical:) [The mountain itself is facing me]. (M, TA.) [Hence also the phrase] فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ [meaning (assumed tropical:) in reality; in the thing itself]: as in the saying, قَلَّلَهُ فِى نَفْسِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَلِيلًا فِى نَفْسِ الأَمْرِ (assumed tropical:) [He held it to be little in his mind though it was not little in reality]. (Msb, art. قل.) The words of the Kur, [v. 116,] تَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا فِى نَفْسِكَ mean (assumed tropical:) Thou knowest what is in myself, or in my essence, and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence: (Bd, K:) or Thou knowest what I conceal (M, Bd, Jel) in my نفس [or mind], (Bd, Jel,) and I know not what is in thyself, or in thine essence, nor that whereof Thou hast the knowledge, (M.) or what Thou concealest of the things which Thou knowest; (Bd, Jel;) so that the interpretation is, Thou knowest what I know, and I know not what Thou knowest: (M:) or نفس is here syn. with عِنْد; and the meaning is, تَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدِى وَلَا أَعْلَمُ مَا عِنْدَكَ; (K, * TA;) [i. e., Thou knowest what is in my particular place of being, and I know not what is in thy particular place of being; for] the adverbiality in this instance is that of مَكَانَة, not of مَكَان: (TA:) but the best explanation is that of IAmb, who says that نفس is here syn. with غَيْب; so that the meaning is, Thou knowest غَيْبِى [my hidden things, or what is hidden from me, and I know not thy hidden things, or what Thou hidest]; and the correctness of this is testified by the concluding words of the verse, إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ عَلَّامُ الغُيُوبِ [for Thou art he who well knoweth the hidden things]: (TA:) [and here it must be remarked that] العَيْبُ, which occurs afterwards in the K as one of the significations of النَّفْسُ, is a mistake for الغَيْبُ, the word used by IAmb in explaining the above verse. (TA.) b3: (assumed tropical:) A person; a being; an individual; syn. شَخْصٌ; (Msb;) a man, (Sb, S, M, TA,) altogether, his soul and his body; (TA;) a living being, altogether. (Mgh, Msb.) In this sense of شخص it is masc.: (Msb:) or, accord to Lh, the Arabs said, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسًا وَاحِدَةً (assumed tropical:) [I saw one person], making it fem.; and in like manner, رَأَيْتُ نَفْسَيْنِ ثِنْتَيْنِ (assumed tropical:) [I saw two persons]; but they said, رَأَيْتُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَنْفُسٍ (assumed tropical:) [I saw three persons], and so all the succeeding numbers, making it masc.: but, he says, it is allowable to make it masc. in the sing. and dual., and fem. in the pl.: and all this, he says, is related on the authority of Ks: (M:) Sb says, (M.) they said ثَلَاثَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, (S, M,) making it masc., (S,) because they mean by نفس “ a man,” (S, M,) as is shown also by their saying نَفْسٌ وَاحِدٌ: (M:) but Yoo asserts of Ru-beh, that he said ثَلَاثُ أَنْفُسٍ, making نفس fem., like as you say ثَلَاثُ أَعْيُنٍ, meaning, of men; and ثَلَاثَةُ أَشْخُصٍ, meaning, of women: and it is said in the Kur, [iv. l, &c.,] اَلَّذِى خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ نَفْسٍ وَاحِدَةٍ (assumed tropical:) [who created you from one man], meaning, Adam. (M.) You also say, مَا رَأَيْتُ ثَمَّ نَفْسًا (assumed tropical:) I saw not there any one. (TA.) b4: (assumed tropical:) A brother: (IKh, IB:) a copartner in religion and relationship: (Bd, xxiv. 61:) a copartner in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) (assumed tropical:) It is said in the Kur, [xxiv. 61,] فَإِذَا دَخَلْتُمْ بُيُوتًا فَسَلِّمُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِكُمْ and when ye enter houses, salute ye your brethren: (IB:) or your copartners in religion and relationship. (Bd.) And in verse 12 of the same chapter.

بِأَنْفُسِهِمْ means (assumed tropical:) Of their copartners in faith and religion. (Ibn-'Arafeh.) b5: (tropical:) Blood: (S, M, A, Mgh, Msb, K:) [or the life-blood: in this sense, fem.:] pl. [of pauc. أَنْفُسٌ and of mult.] نُفُوسٌ: (IB:) so called [because the animal soul was believed by the Arabs, as it was by many others in ancient times, (see Gen. ix. 4, and Aristotle, De Anim. i. 2, and Virgil's Æn. ix. 349.) to diffuse itself throughout the body by means of the arteries: or] because the نَفْس [in its proper sense, i. e. the soul,] goes forth with it: (TA:) or because it sustains the whole animal. (Mgh, Msb.) You say, سَالَتْ نَفْسُهُ (tropical:) [His blood flowed]. (S.) And نَفْسٌ سَائِلَةٌ (tropical:) [Flowing blood]. (S, A, Mgh.) And دَفَقَ نَفْسَهُ (tropical:) He shed his blood. (A, TA.) b6: (tropical:) The body. (S, A, K.) b7: (assumed tropical:) [Sometimes it seems to signify The stomach. So in the present day. You say, لَعِبَتْ نَفْسُهُ, meaning He was sick in the stomach. See غَثَتْ نَفْسُهُ, in art. غثى; and مَذِرَتْ مَعِدَتُهُ and نَفْسُهُ, in art. مذر.] b8: (assumed tropical:) [The pudendum: so in the present day: in the K, art. حشو, applied to a woman's vulva.] b9: [From the primary signification are derived several others, of attributes of the rational and animal souls; and such are most of the signification here following.] b10: (assumed tropical:) Knowledge. (A.) [See, above, an explanation of the words cited from ch. v. verse 116 of the Kur-án.] b11: (assumed tropical:) Pride: (A, K, TA:) and self-magnification; syn. عِزَّةٌ. (A, K.) b12: (assumed tropical:) Disdain, or scorn. (A, K.) b13: (assumed tropical:) Purpose, or intention: or strong determination: syn. هِمَّةٌ. (A, K.) b14: (assumed tropical:) Will, wish, or desire. (A, K.) b15: [Copulation: see 3, art رود.] b16: [(assumed tropical:) Stomach, or appetite.] b17: (tropical:) An [evil or envious] eye, (S, M, A, K, TA,) that smites the person or thing at which it is cast: pl. أَنْفُسٌ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.] So in a trad., in which it is said, that the نَمْلَة and the حُمَة and the نَفْس are the only things for which a charm is allowable. (TA.) You say, أَصَابَتْ فُلَانًا نَفْسٌ (tropical:) [An evil or envious eye smote such a one]. (S.) and Mohammad said, of a piece of green fat that he threw away, كَانَ فِيهَا سَبْعَةُ أَنْفُسٍ, meaning, (tropical:) There were upon it seven [evil or envious] eyes. (TA.) b18: (assumed tropical:) Strength of make, and hardiness, of a man: and (assumed tropical:) closeness of texture, and strength, of a garment or piece of cloth. (M.) A2: Punishment. (A, K.) Ex. وَيُحَذِّرُكُم اللّٰهُ نَفْسَهُ, (K,) in the Kur, [iii. 27 and 28, meaning, And God maketh you to fear his punishment]; accord. to F; but others say that the meaning is, Himself. (TA.) A3: A quantity (S, M, K,) of قَرَظ, and of other things, with which hides are tanned, (S, K,) sufficient for one tanning: (S, M, K:) or enough for two tannings: (TA:) or a handful thereof: (M:) pl. أَنَفُسٌ. (M.) You say, هَبْ لِى نفْسًا مِنْ دِبَاغٍ [Give thou to me a quantity of material for tanning sufficient for one tanning, or for two tannings, &c.]. (S.) نَفَسٌ [Breath;] what is drawn in by the airpassages in the nose, [or by the mouth,] to the inside, and emitted, (Msb;) what comes forth from a living being in the act of تَنَفُّس. (Mgh:) or the exit of wind from the nose and the mouth: (M:) pl. أَنْفَاسٌ. (S, M, A. Mgh, Msb, K.) b2: A gentle air: pl. as above. (M, Msb.) You say also, نَفَسُ الرِّيحِ [The breath of the wind]: and نَفَسُ الرَّوْصَةِ the sweet [breath or] odour [of the meadow, or of the garden, &c.]. (TA.) b3: [Hence, app., its application in the phrase] نَفَسَ السَّاعَةِ [The blast of the last hour; meaning,] the end of time. (Kr, M.) b4: [Hence also, (assumed tropical:) Speech: and kind speech: (see an ex. voce أَمْلَحَ:) so in the present day.] b5: [and (assumed tropical:) Voice, or a sweet voice, in singing: so in the present day.] b6: A gulp. or as much as is swallowed at once in drinking: (S, L, K:) but this requires consideration; for in one نَفَس a man takes a number of gulps, more or less according to the length or shortness of his breath, so that we [sometimes] see a man drink [the contents of] a large vessel in one نَفَس, at a number of gulps: (L:) [therefore it signifies sometimes, if not always, a draught, or as much as is swallowed without taking breath:] pl. as above. (S.) You say, إِكْرَعْ فِى الإِتَآءِ نَفَسًا أَوْ نَفَسَيْنِ (tropical:) [Put thou thy mouth into the vessel and drink] a gulp, or two gulps: [or a draught, or two draughts:] and exceed not that. (S; And شَربْتُ نَفَسًا وَأَنْفَاسًا (tropical:) [I drank a gulp, and gulps: or a draught, and draughts]. (A.) And فُلَانٌ شَرِبَ الإِنَآءَ كُلَّهُ عَلَى نَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [Such a one drank the whole contents of the vessel at one gulp or at one draught]. (L.) b7: (tropical:) Every resting between two draughts: (M, TA:) [pl. as above.] Yousay, شَرِبَ بِنَفَسٍ وَاحِدٍ (tropical:) [He drank with one resting between draughts]. (A.) And شَربَ بِثَلَاثَةِ أَنْفَاسٍ (tropical:) [He drank with three restings between draughts]. (A. K.) [And hence,] شَرَابٌ ذُو نَفَسِ (tropical:) Beverage in which is ampleness, [so that one pauses while drinking it, to take breath,] and which satisfies thirst. (IAar, K.) And شَرَابٌ غَيْرُ ذِى نَفَسٍ (tropical:) Beverage of disagreeable taste, (A, K, *) changed in taste and odour, (K,) in drinking which one does not take breath (A, K) when he has tasted it; (K;) taking a first draught, as much as will keep in the remains of life, and not returning to it. (TA.) b8: [and hence it is said that] نَفَسٌ signifies (assumed tropical:) Satisfaction, or the state of being satisfied, with drink; syn. دِىَّ. (IAar, K.) b9: [Hence also.] (tropical:) Plenty, and redundance. So in the saying إِنّ فِى المَآءِ نَفَسًا لِى وَلَكَ [Verily in the water is plenty, and redundance, for me and for thee]. (Lh, M.) b10: (tropical:) A wide space: (TA:) (tropical:) a distance (A.) You say, بَيْنَ الفَر يقَيْن نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between the two parties is a wide space. (TA.) And بَيْنِى وَبَيْنَهٌ نَفَسٌ (tropical:) Between me and him is a distance. (A.) b11: (tropical:) Ample scope for action &c.; and a state in which is ample scope for action &c., syn. سعةٌ, (S, M, A, Mgh, K,) and فُسْحَةٌ, (A, K,) in an affair. (S, M, A, K.) You say, لَك فِى هٰذَا نَفَسٌ [There is ample scope for action &c. for thee in this. (Mgh.) And أَنْتَ فِى نَفِس مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) [Thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. with respect to thine affair. (S, M.) And إِعْملْ وَأَنْتَ فِى نَفَسٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ (tropical:) Work thou while thou art in a state in which is ample scope for action &c. (فِى فُسْحَةٍ وَسَعَة) with respect to thine affair, before extreme old age, and diseases, and calamities. (TA.) See also نُفْسَةٌ. b12: (tropical:) Length. (M.) So in the saying زِدْنى نَفَسًا فِى أَجَلِى (tropical:) [Add thou to me length in my term of life]: (M:) or lengthen thou my term of life. (TA.) You say also, ↓ فِى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ (tropical:) [In his life is length: see 5]. (A, TA.) b13: The pl., in the accus. case, also signifies (assumed tropical:) Time after time. So in the saying of the poet, عَيْنَىَّ جُودَا عَبْرَةً أَنْفَاسَا [O my two eyes, pour forth a flow of tears time after time]. (S.) A2: نَفَسٌ is also a subst. put in the place of the proper inf. n. of نَفَّسَ; and is so used in the two following sayings, (K, TA,) of Mohammad. (TA.) لَا تَسبُوُّا الرِّيحَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ نَفَسِ الرَّحْمٰنِ, i. e. (tropical:) [Revile not ye the wind, for] it is a means whereby the Compassionate removes grief, or sorrow, or anxiety, (K, TA,) and raises the clouds, (TA,) and scatters the rain, and dispels dearth, or drought. (K, TA.) and أَجِدُ نَفَسَ رَبَِّكُمْ مِنْ قِبَلِ اليَمَنِ (tropical:) I perceive your Lord's removal of grief, &c., from the direction of El-Yemen: meaning, through the aid and hospitality of the people of El-Medeeneh, who were of El-Yemen; (K, TA;) i. e., of the Ansár, who were of [the tribe of] El-Azd, from ElYemen. (TA.) It is [said by some to be] a metaphor, from نَفَسُ الهَوَآءِ, which the act of breathing draws back into the inside, so that its heat becomes cooled and moderated: or from نَفَسُ الرِّيِح, which one scents, so that thereby he refreshes himself: or from نَفَسُ الرَّوْضَةِ. (TA.) You also say, مَا لِى نَفَسٌ, meaning, (tropical:) There is not for me any removal, or clearing away, of grief. (A.) A3: It is also used as an epithet, signifying (assumed tropical:) Long; (Az, K;) applied to speech, (K,) and to writing, or book, or letter. (Az, K.) نُفْسَةٌ, (S, Mgh, K,) with damm, (K,) [in a copy of the S, نَفْسَةٌ,] (assumed tropical:) Delay; syn. مَهْلَةٌ; (S, Mgh, K;) and ample space, syn. مُتَّسَعٌ. (TA.) Ex. لَكَ فِى هٰذَا الأَمْرِ نُفْسَةٌ (assumed tropical:) [Thou shalt have, in this affair, a delay, and ample space]. (S, Mgh, * TA.) See also نَفَسٌ.

نَفْسِىٌ Relating to the نَفْس, or soul, &c.: vital: and sensual; as also ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ.]

نُفَسَآءُ (Th, S, M, Mgh, Msb, K, &c.) and نَفَسَآءُ and نَفْسَآءُ (M, K) (tropical:) A woman in the state following childbirth: (S, M, * Mgh, * Msb, * K:) or bringing forth: and pregnant: and menstruating: (Th, M:) and نَافِسٌ signifies the same; (Msb;) and so ↓ مَنْفُوسَةٌ: (A:) [see نُفِسَتْ:] dual نُفَسَاوَانِ; the fem. ء being changed into و as in عُشَرَاوَانِ: (S:) pl. نِفَاسٌ, (S, M, Mgh, Msb, K,) like as عِشَارٌ is pl. of عُشَرَآءُ, (S, Msb, K,) the only other instance of the kind, (S, K,) and نُفَاسٌ, (M, K,) which is also the only instance of the kind except عُشَارٌ, (K,) and نُفَّاسٌ, and نُفَّسٌ and نُفَسٌ (M) and نُفُسٌ (M, K) and نُفْسٌ (K) and نُفَسَاوَاتٌ (S, M, K) and [accord. to analogy, of نَافِسٌ,] نَوَافِسُ. (K.) نَفْسَانٌ, or نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفُوسٌ.

نَفْسَانِىٌّ: see نَفْسِىٌّ: b2: and نَفُوسٌ.

نِفَاسٌ (tropical:) Childbirth (S, K) from نَفْسٌ signifying “ blood. ” (Msb, TA.) See نُفِسَتْ. b2: [And The state of impurity consequent upon childbirth. See 5, in art. عل.] b3: Also, (tropical:) The blood that comes forth immediately after the child: an inf. n. used as a subst. (Mgh.) b4: A poet says, (namely, Ows Ibn-Hajar, O, in art. طرق,) لَنَا صَرْخَةٌ ثُمَّ إِسْكَاتَةٌ كَمَا طَرَّقَتْ بِنِفَاسٍ بِكِرْ [We utter a cry; then keep a short silence; like as when one that has never yet brought forth experiences resistance and difficulty in giving birth to a child, or young one]; meaning, بِوَلَدٍ. (S.) نَفُوسٌ An envious man: (M, TA:) (tropical:) one who looks with an evil eye, with injurious intent, at the property of others: (M, A, * TA:) as also ↓ نَفْسَانٌ, (TA,) or ↓ نَفْسَانِىٌّ. (A.) نَفِيسٌ A thing high in estimation; of high account; excellent; (Lh, M, Msb, TA;) [highly prized; precious; valuable; and therefore (TA) desired with emulation, or in much request; (S, K, TA;) good, goodly, or excellent, in its kind; (TA;) and ↓ نَافِسٌ signifies the same, (M,) and so does ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, (Lh, M, A, Msb, K,) and ↓ مَنْفُوسٌ: (K:) it signifies thus when applied to property, as well as other things; as also ↓ مَنْفِسٌ: (Lh, M:) and, when so applied, of which one is avaricious, or tenacious: (M:) or ↓ مُنْفِسٌ, so applied, abundant; much; (K;) as also ↓ مُنْفَسٌ: (Fr, K:) and ↓ نَافِسٌ, a thing of high account or estimation, and an object of desire: (TA:) this last is also applied, in like manner, to a man; as also نَفِيسٌ: and the pl. [of either] is نِفَاسٌ (M, TA) Youalso say, ↓ أَمْرٌ مَنْفُوسٌ فِيهِ, meaning, A thing that is desired. (M.) And فِيهِ ↓ شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ A thing emulously desired, or in much request. (A.) b2: Also, [as an epithet in which the quality of a subst. predominates,] Much property; (S, A, K;) and so ↓ مُنْفِسٌ. (S.) You say, لِفُلَانٍ مُنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ Such a one has much property. (S.) And مَا يَسُرُّنِى بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ مَنْفِسٌ and نَفِيسٌ [Much property does not rejoice me with this affair]. (S.) نَافِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in three places.

A2: See also نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smiting with an evil, or envious, eye. (S, M, K.) A4: The fifth of the arrows used in the game called المَيْسِر; (S, M, K;) which has five notches; and for which one wins five portions if it be successful, and loses five portions if it be unsuccessful: (Lh, M:) or, as some say, the fourth. (S.) هٰذَا أَنْفَسُ مَالِى This is the most loved and highly esteemed of my property. (S, TA.) A2: بَلَّغَكَ اللّٰهُ أَنْفَسَ الأَعْمَارِ (tropical:) [May God cause thee to attain to the most protracted, or most ample, of lives: see 5]. (A, TA.) And دَارُكَ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ دَارِى (tropical:) Thy house is more ample, or spacious, than my house: (M:) and the like is said of two places: (M:) and of two lands. (A.) And هٰذَا التَّوْبُ أَنْفَسُ مِنْ هٰذَا (tropical:) This garment, or piece of cloth, is wider and longer and more excellent than this. (M.) And ثَوْبٌ أَنْفَسُ الثَّوْبَيْنِ (tropical:) A garment, or piece of cloth, the longer and wider of the two garments, or pieces of cloth. (A.) مُنْفَسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مُنْفِسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ; for the latter, throughout.

مَنْفُوسٌ: see نَفِيسٌ, in two places.

A2: (tropical:) Brought forth; born. (S, M, A, Msb, K.) It is said in a trad., مَا مِنْ نَفْسٍ مَنْفُوسَةٍ إِلَّا وَقَذْ كُتِبَ مَكَانُهَا مِنَ الجَنَّةِ أَوِ النَّارِ (tropical:) [There is not any soul born but its place in Paradise or Hell has been written]. (S.) b2: مَنْفُوسَةٌ applied to a woman: see نُفَسَآءُ.

A3: (tropical:) Smitten with an evil, or envious, eye. (M.) مُتَنَفَّسٌ A place of passage of the breath.] b2: فى عُمُرِهِ مُتَنَفَّسٌ: see نَفَسٌ. b3: See also سَحَرٌ.

مُتَنَفِّسٌ [Breathing;] having breath: (TA:) or having a soul: (so in a copy of the M:) an epithet applied to everything having lungs. (S, TA.) b2: غَائِطٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A depressed expanse of land extending far. (A, TA.) b3: أَنْفٌ مُتَنَفِّسٌ (tropical:) A nose of which the bone is wide and depressed; or depressed and expanded; or a nose spreading upon the face: syn. أَفْطَسُ. (A, TA.) شَىْءٌ مُتَنَافَسٌ فِيهِ: see نَفِيسٌ.

نجش

1 نَجَشَ, aor. ـُ (S, Msb,) inf. n. نَجْشٌ, (S, Msb, K,) He concealed himself. (Msb.) A2: [And hence, He pursued game, or objects of the chase: (see نَاجِشٌ:) or] he roused game, or objects of the chase, (S, Mgh, K,) and scared them from place to place. (TA.) You say also, نَجَشُوا عَلَيْهِ الصَّيْدَ, meaning, They scared the chase, or game, towards him, and drove and collected it to him. (TA.) b2: He searched after a thing, and roused it. (Sh, A'Obeyd, K.) This, accord. to Sh, is the primary signification: [but accord. to Fei, the primary signification is the first given above:] and hence the saying in a trad., لَا تَطْلُعُ الشَّمْسُ حَتَّى تَنْجُسُهَا ثَلٰثُمِائَةٍ وَسِتُّونَ مَلَكًا The sun does not rise until three hundred and sixty angels rouse it. (TA.) b3: He drew forth, educed, or elicited. (K.) b4: He collected together (S, K) camels [&c.] after a state of dispersion. (S.) b5: He drove vehemently. (TA.) A3: نَجَشَ, aor. ـُ (Msb, TA,) inf. n. نَجْشٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb, K) and نَجَشٌ, [which is the form generally used by the professors of practical law,] (ISh, Mgh, Sgh, TA,) or this is a simple subst., (Msb,) He demanded the sale of an article of merchandise for more than its price, (A, Mgh, Msb,) not meaning to purchase it, (Mgh, Msb,) in order that another might see him and fall into the snare thus laid for him: and in like manner it is used with respect to marriage, [i. e., with respect to dowers,] and other things: (A, Mgh, Msb:) and the doing thus is forbidden: (Mgh:) it is from نَجَشَ signifying

“ he roused ” game: (Mgh:) or from the same verb signifying “ he concealed himself; ” because he who does so conceals his intention: (Msb:) or he augmented the price of an article of merchandise, not desiring to purchase it, but in order that another might hear him and augment in the same manner: (A'Obeyd, L:) or he outbade in a sale, in order that another might fall into a snare, he himself not wanting the thing: (S:) or he augmented the price of an article of merchandise, or praised it, in order that another might see that, and be deceived by him: (Ibráheem El-Harbee:) or he praised an article of merchandise belonging to another in order that he might sell it, or dispraised it in order that it might not be easy for him to sell it: (ISh:) or he concurred with a man desiring to sell a thing, by praising him: (Abu-l-Khattáb, K:) or he bargained with a man desiring to sell a thing, offering him a large price, in order that another might see him and fall into a snare: or he scared people from one thing to another: (K:) also, he praised a thing; or praised it exceedingly, or for that which was not in it, or excessively and falsely; syn. مَدَحَ شَيْئًا and أَطْرَاهُ: and he invented, or forged, a lie. (TA.) It is said in a trad., (S,) ↓ لَا تَنَاجَشُوا, (S, Mgh, Msb,) i. e., Ye shall not practise نَجْش, or نَجَش: (Mgh, Msb:) or ↓ تَنَاجُشٌ signifies the bidding one against another, successively increasing their offers, in a sale, or other case; (K;) for it sometimes signifies the doing so in the case of a dowry, in order that the doing so may be heard, and the amount may consequently be augmented: (TA:) and Sh mentions, with respect to ↓ تَنَاجُشٌ, on the authority of Aboo-Sa'eed, another thing, which is allowable, namely, [that it signifies the conspiring to promote the marriage of] the woman who has been married and divorced time after time; and [the sale of] the article of merchandise that has been bought time after time and then sold. (TA.) 6 تَنَاْجَشَ see 1, last part.

نَجَشٌ, said to be a subst. from نَجَشَ: see 1.

نَجُوشٌ: see نَاجِشٌ.

نَجِيشٌ: see نَاجِشٌ.

نَجَاشِىٌّ and نِجَاشِىٌّ: see نَاجِشٌ.

A2: النَّجَاشِى, (S, Mgh, K,) the form preferred by El-Fárábee, (Mgh,) and النَّجَاشِىُّ, (Mgh, Msb, K,) which is the more common, (Msb,) but the former is the more chaste, (Sgh, K,) and [النِّجَاشِى and النِّجَاشِىُّ] with kesr to the ن, which is said to be the more chaste, (K,) and is preferred by Th, (TA,) but teshdeed of the ج is a mistake, (Mgh, MF,) The name of the King of the Abyssinians; (IDrd, S;) like as one says كِسْرَى and قَيْصَرٌ; and Abyssinian word: (IDrd:) or a certain King of the Abyssinians, whose name was أَصْحَمَةُ; (Mgh, Msb, K;) [as is commonly said; but authors differ respecting his name;] and IKt says, that النجاشى is in Coptic اصحمة, meaning “ a gift: ” (TA:) or originally the proper name of an individual, and afterwards a common title. (MF.) نَجَّاشٌ: see نَاجِشٌ, in four places.

نَجَّاشِىٌّ: see نَاجِشٌ, in two places.

نَاجِشٌ A pursuer, or capturer, or insnarer, of game, or objects of the chase; (Msb;) as also ↓ نَجِيشٌ and ↓ نَجَّاشٌ; (Ibn-'Abbád, K;) because he conceals himself: (Msb:) or [نَاجِشٌ and]

↓ نَجَّاشٌ and ↓ نَجُوشٌ signify one who rouses the game, or objects of the chase; (Az, TA;) and so ↓ مِنْجَشٌ and ↓ مِنْجَاشٌ: (L:) or نَاجِشٌ and ↓ نَجَاشِىٌّ (Akh, K) [and ↓ نِجَاشِىٌّ accord. to some copies of the K] and ↓ مِنْجَاشٌ (Az, K) one who rouses them in order that they may pass by the pursuer, or capturer, or insnarer, thereof: (Akh, Az, K:) or نَاجِشٌ signifies one who scares them towards him, and drives and collects them to him: (S, A, TA:) and ↓ نَجَّاشٌ one who drives vehemently; (TA;) or one who urges camels; (A;) or who collects them after a state of dispersion: (S:) and ↓ نَجَّاشِىٌّ [with teshdeed to the ج as well as to the ى,] one who drives, or urges, travelling-camels and other beasts of carriage, in the market-place, to elicit their qualities of pace: (AA, TA:) and this last also signifies [absolutely] one who draws forth, or elicits, a thing. (A'Obeyd, TA.) A2: Also, One who practises نَجْش, or نَجَش, in an affair of buying and selling: (Msb, TA: *) [see 1:] and ↓ نَجَّاشٌ one who does so much, or often. (Msb.) مِنْجَشٌ: see نَاجِشٌ; the latter, in two places.

مِنْجَاشٌ: see نَاجِشٌ; the latter, in two places.

قَوْلٌ مَنْجُوشٌ A saying drawn forth, or elicited: (TA:) and a forged saying, in which is falsehood. (IAar, TA.)

نشط

1 نَشِطَ, aor. ـَ inf. n. نَشَاطٌ (S, Msb, K) and مَنْشَطٌ, (TA,) He (a man, S, TA, and a beast of carriage, TA,) was, or became, brisk, lively, sprightly, frisky, active, agile, prompt, and quick; syn. خَفَّ, (Msb, TA,) and أَسْرَعَ; (Msb;) contr. of كَسِلَ; (TA;) or pleased, cheerful, happy, or willing; to do work, &c.; (Lth, K;) or by reason of his work; (Msb;) as also ↓ تنشّط, (S, * K,) لِأَمْرِ كَذَا [to do, or on account of, such a thing, or such an affair]. (S, TA.) You say also, نَشِطَ إِلَيْهِ [He betook himself to him, or it, with briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, or the like]. (TA.) b2: [Hence, app.,] نَشِطَتِ الدَّابَّةُ The beast of carriage became fat. (K.) A2: نَشَطَ, aor. ـِ inf. n. نَشْطٌ, (S, K, TA,) He went forth from a place: (K:) he passed, or crossed, from one country or the like to another: (TA:) said, for instance, of a wild bull: (AO, IDrd, S, K:) and in like manner, a star, [meaning a planet,] from one sign of the zodiac to another. (S, K.) And نَشَطَتِ الإِبِلُ, aor. ـِ inf. n. نَشْطٌ, The camels went, either in a right direction or otherwise. (TA.) b2: [Hence,] الهُمُومُ تَنْشِطُ بِصَاحِبِهَا (S, TA) (assumed tropical:) Griefs, or disquietudes of mind, lead forth him who has them [from place to place]. (TA.) Himyán Ibn-Koháfeh says, أَمْسَتَ هُمُومِى تَنْشِطُ المَنَاشِطَا

أَلشَّأْمَ بِى طَوْرًا وَطَوْرًا وَاسِطَا [meaning تنشط بى الى المناشط, i. e., (assumed tropical:) My griefs, or disquietudes of mind, became such as to lead me forth to the places to which one goes forth, to Syria at one time, and at one time to Wásit]. (S.) You say also of a road, يَنْشِطُ مِنَ الطَّرِيقِ الأَعْظَمِ (tropical:) It goes forth from the main road, to the right, and to the left. (Lth, K. *) And نَشطَ بِهِمْ طَرِيقٌ فَأَخَذُوهُ (tropical:) [A road led them forth, and they took it]. (TA.) A3: نَشَطَ الدَّلْوَ, (S, K,) aor. ـِ (K, * TA) and نَشُطَ, (TA,) [inf. n. نَشْطٌ,] He pulled out the bucket, (S, K,) or pulled it up, (TA,) from the well, (S, TA,) without a pulley. (S, K.) b2: And hence, المَلَائِكَةُ تَنْشِطُ الأَرْوَاحَ (assumed tropical:) The angels draw forth the souls like as the bucket is drawn forth from the well: (Zj:) and تَنْشِطُ نَفْسَ المُؤْمِنِ بِقَبْضِهَا (Fr, L, K [in the CK تَقْبِضُها]) which means, (K,) accord. to Ibn-'Aráfeh, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) they loose the soul of the believer gently. (K, TA.) b3: [Hence also,] one says of a she-camel, [likening the motion of her fore legs to that of the arms of a man pulling up a bucket from a well without a pulley,] حَسُنَ مَا نَشَطَتِ السَّيْرَ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Good was her wide stretching out of her fore legs (As, S, TA) in her going along. (TA.) A4: نَشَطَ الحَبْلَ, (S, Msb, K,) aor. ـُ (K, and so in a copy of the S,) or ـِ (Msb, and so in a copy of the S,) inf. n. نَشْطٌ, (S, Msb,) He tied the cord, or rope so as to form a knot; (K, TA;) as also ↓ نشَّطهُ, (K,) inf. n. تَنْشِيطٌ: (TA:) or he tied it in a knot such as is termed أُنْشُوطَة; (Az, S, Msb;) as also ↓ the latter verb: (Ham, p. 742:) and نَشَطَ العُقْدَةَ he tied the knot so as to form what is thus termed: (Mgh:) and نَشَطَ الأُنْشُوطَةَ he tied the knot thus termed. (TA.) [See also 4.]

A5: نَشَطَ, and نُشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ: see 4.2 نشّطهُ, inf. n. َتَنْشِيطٌ, He, or it, rendered him نَشِيط [i. e. brisk, lively, sprightly, frisky, &c.]; (K;) as also ↓ انشطهُ. (Yaakoob, K.) A2: See also 1, last sentence but one, in two places; and see 4.4 انشط, said of a man, (K, * TA,) or of a company of men, (S,) His, or their, beasts, (S, K,) or family, (K,) were, or became, in a state of نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, friskiness, &c.: see 1]. (S, K.) A2: As a trans. v.: see 2. b2: [Hence, app.,] It (herbage) rendered a beast fat. (S, TA.) A3: He loosed, untied, or undid, (S, Mgh, Msb, K,) a cord, or rope, (S, K,) or a knot such as is termed أُنْشُوطَة; (Mgh, Msb,) as also ↓ انتشط; and ↓ نَشَطَ; (Mgh;) and in like manner, the bond termed عِقَال; (Msb;) and so, perhaps, ↓ نشّط: (Ham, p. 165:) he pulled a cord, or rope, until, or so that, it became loosed, untied, or undone; (TA;) as also ↓ انتشط: (S, K, TA,) he caused the عِقَال to become loosed, untied, or undone, by pulling its انشوطة: (K, * TA:) he loosed, untied, or undid, a knot by a single pull. (TA.) You say also, انشط البَعِيرَ He loosed, untied, or undid, the انشوطة [of the عِقَال] of the camel. (TA.) And انشط البَعِيرَ مِنْ عِقَالِهِ He loosed the camel from his عِقَال. (Msb.) [And hence the saying,] كَأَنَّمَا أُنْشِطَ مِنْ عِقَالٍ As though he were loosed [from a bond such as is called عِقَال]: (S, * Mgh, TA:) a proverb, relating to an event's happening quickly; (Mgh;) or said of him who commences any work quickly; and of the sick when he recovers; and of a person who has swooned when he revives; and of a person sent to execute an affair, hastening his determination respecting it: (TA:) it is often related in a different manner, كانّما نُشِطَ من عقال; but this is not correct. (IAth, TA.) [But see above, in this paragraph; and see 1, where a similar meaning is assigned to the unaugmented verb.]

A4: He bound, or tied, him, or it, firmly, fastly, or strongly: so in the copies of the K; so that, if this be correct, the verb has two contr. significations. (TA.) A5: See also 8.5 تَنَشَّطَ see 1, first sentence. b2: تنشّطت فِى سَيْرِهَا She (a camel) hastened, or was quick, in her going, or pace. (S, K.) A2: تنشّط المَفَازَةَ (tropical:) He passed through, or over, the desert, (K, TA,) with swiftness, and with briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, or activity. (TA.) And تنشّطهُ (assumed tropical:) He traversed it quickly, or swiftly. (IB, in TA, voce هِرْجَابٌ.) And تنشّطت الأَرْضَ (assumed tropical:) She (a camel) traversed, or crossed, the land, like the نَاشِط in her quickness, or her aim, with briskness, liveliness, or sprightliness. (TA.) 8 انتشط It (a cord, or rope,) became loosed, untied, or undone. (Har, p. 361.) b2: (assumed tropical:) He (a man) became loosed from the tie of silence, (Har, p. 360.; Mgh,) and from that of impotence. (Mgh [in which a doubt is expressed as to its being of classical authority].) A2: As a trans. v.: see 4, in two places. b2: He pulled, or drew, a thing. (TA.) b3: He seized a thing, took it hastily, or snatched it unawares: a meaning wrongly assigned in the K to ↓ انشط. (TA.) You say also, انتشط المَالُ المَرْعَى, (Sh, K,) and الكَلَأَ, (Sh,) The camels, or sheep or goats, pulled up, or out, the herbage, with the teeth. (Sh, K.) b4: He scaled a fish; (K;) as though meaning he pulled off the scales thereof. (TA.) نُشُطٌ [app. a pl. of ↓ نَاشِطٌ] Persons untwisting cords, or ropes, in the time of undoing them for the purpose of their being twisted or plaited a second time. (IAar, K.) نَشْطَةٌ as used in the following saying, (Mgh,) الشُّفْعَةُ كَنَشْطَةِ العِقَالِ The right termed شفعة is like the loosing of the bond called عقال, in respect of the speediness with which it becomes of no effect, (Mgh, Msb,) by delay, (Msb,) is of the measure فَعْلَةٌ from أَنْشَطَ, or from نَشَطَ in the sense of انشط; or the meaning is, like the tying of the عقال; i. e., it is of short duration; but the former explanation is the more apparently right. (Mgh.) بِئْرٌ نَشُوطٌ A well from which the bucket does not come forth until it is much pulled, (As, S, TA,) by reason of the distance of its bottom; (TA;) contr. of بِئْرٌ أَنْشَاطٌ. (K.) نَشِيطٌ (S, Msb, K) Brisk, lively, sprightly, active, agile, prompt, and quick; (Msb;) or pleased, cheerful, happy, or willing; to do work &c.; as also ↓ نَاشِطٌ; (K;) [see نَشِطَ;] applied to a man; (S, TA;) and to a beast of carriage; fem. with ة: (TA:) pl. نِشَاطٌ (Har, p. 591) [and نَشَاطَى]. b2: A man (TA) whose family, or beasts, are in a state of نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, &c.: see 1]; as also ↓ مُنْشِطٌ. (K, TA.) نَاشِطٌ: see نَشِيطٌ. b2: In a verse of Et-Tirimmáh, [see استطرب,] نَاشِطًا is used for شَوْقًا نَازِعًا [By reason of yearning, or longing, desire]. (K, in art. دد.) A2: A wild bull going forth from land to land, (S, K,) or from country to country. (TA.) b2: Hence, (S,) النَّاشِطَاتُ, as used in the Kur, lxxix. 2, meaning The stars [or planets] going forth from one sign of the zodiac to another: (S, K:) or it means the stars that rise, then set: (A'Obeyd, TA:) or the angels that draw forth the souls like as the bucket is drawn forth from the well: (Zj, TA:) or the angels that loose the soul of the believer gently: (Fr, * Ibn-'Arafeh, K:) or the believing souls that are brisk, lively, sprightly, or active, at death: (K, * TA:) or, as some say, [too fancifully,] the angels that ratify events; from نَشَطَ العُقْدَةَ, q. v.; and as this signifies the tying of a knot which is easily undone, the thing's easiness to them is thus notified. (TA.) b3: (tropical:) A road going forth from the main road, to the right, and to the left: (Lth, K *:) pl. نَوَاشِطُ: (TA:) which latter word is applied in like manner to water-courses (K, TA) going forth from the main water-course to the right and left. (TA.) A3: See also نُشُطٌ.

بِئْرٌ أَنْشَاطٌ, (K, and so in a copy of the S, as on the authority of As, but in another copy of the S the ا is without any vowel,) and بِئْرٌ إِنْشَاطٌ, (K, and, accord. to the TA, on the authority of As, and mentioned by IB on the authority of A'Obeyd,) A well of little depth, from which the bucket comes forth by means of a single pull: (As, S, K:) the latter may be defended on the ground of considering إِنْشَاطٌ as originally an inf. n., of أَنْشَطَ signifying “ he loosed, untied, or undid,” a knot “ by a single pull. ” (TA.) أُنْشُوطَةٌ [A knot tied with a bow, or with a double bow, so as to form a kind of slip-knot; whence, in modern vulgar Arabic, عُقْدَة وَشُنَيْطَة, applied to such a tie; and شُنَيْطَة, applied to a simple slip-knot;] a knot, or tie, which easily becomes undone, or untied, like that of the running band of a pair of drawers; (S, Mgh, K;) a knot, or tie, which becomes undone when one of its two ends is pulled. (Msb, TA.) You say, مَا عِقَالُكَ بِأُنْسُوطَةٍ, meaning (assumed tropical:) Thy love, or affection, is not weak, or frail. (S.) مَنْشَطٌ A thing on account of which, or to do which, one is brisk, lively, sprightly, or active; or pleased, cheerful, or happy; and which one likes, or prefers, to do: opposed to مَكْرَهٌ. (TA.) مَنْشِطٌ A place to which one goes forth: pl. مَنَاشِطُ. See an ex. of the pl., voce نَشَطَ.]

مُنْشِطٌ: see نَشِيطٌ.

مِنْشَطٌ Having much نَشَاط [i. e. briskness, liveliness, sprightliness, friskiness, &c.: see 1]. (TA.) نشع, &c

نفط

1 نَفِطَتْ يَدُهُ, (S, Msb,) or كَفُّهُ, (K,) aor. ـَ (Msb, K,) inf. n. نَفَطٌ and نَفِيطٌ (S, Msb, K,) and نَفْطٌ; (K;) or, accord. to Az, نَفَطتْ, aor. 2, inf. n. نَفْطٌ and نَفِيطٌ; (TA;) His hand became blistered, or vesicated; it had water, or fluid, between the skin and the flesh; (Az, Msb;) i. q. مَجِلَتْ; (S, K;) as also ↓ تنفّطت: (S:) or it became ulcerated by work. (K.) A2: نَفَطَتْ aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ (ADk, S, K) and نَفْطٌ. (TA,) She (a goat) did what was like sneezing (نَثَرَتْ [app. meaning scattered forth moisture or the like]) with her nose: (ADk, S, K:) or sneezed. (K.) It is said in a proverb, لَا تَنْفِطُ فِيهِ عَنَاقٌ meaning (assumed tropical:) Blood-revenge will not be taken for him; i. e. for this slain person. (TA.) b2: Also, (S, K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ, (S,) It (a cookingpot, قِدْرٌ,) boiled, (S, K,) and poured forth [some of its contents], (S,) or so that it threw forth what resembled arrows; (TA;) a dial. var. of نَفَتَتْ. (S.) b3: نَفَطَ, aor. ـِ (assumed tropical:) He was angry: or he burned with anger: as also ↓ تنفّط. (K, TA.) You say, إِنَّ فُلَانًا لَيَنْفِطُ غَضَبًا, (S, TA,) (tropical:) Verily such a one burns with anger: (TA:) or it is like يَنْفِتُ [meaning boils with anger; or makes a noise like coughing, in anger; or blows, in anger]: (S:) [for the inf. n.] نَفَطَانٌ signifies the doing what resembles coughing: and blowing, on an occasion of anger: and so نَفَتَانٌ. (TA.) b4: Also, (K,) aor. ـِ inf. n. نَفِيطٌ, said of an antelope; الصَّبِىُّ in the K, being a mistake for الظَّبْىِ, as in the TS and L, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) He uttered a sound, or cry. (TS, L, K.) b5: (assumed tropical:) He (a man) spoke, or talked, unintelligibly; (K, TA;) as though by reason of his anger. (TA.) b6: نَفَطَتِ اسْتُهُ (assumed tropical:) His anus emitted wind with a sound. (Ibn-'Abbád, K.) 3 نَاْفَطَ see 6.4 انفط It (work) caused the hand to become blistered, or vesicated: or caused it to become ulcerated. (K.) [See 1, first sentence.]5 تَنَفَّطَ see 1, in two places.6 القِدْرُ تَنَافَطُ [for تَتَنَافَطُ, in the CK ↓ تُنافِطُ,] The cooking-pot throws forth foam; (K;) a dial. var. of تَنَافَتُ [q. v.] (TA.) نَفْطٌ, accord. to the T, Pustules which come forth upon the hand, in consequence of work, full of water, or fluid; (Mgh;) blisters, or vesicles, upon the hand; a contraction of ↓ نَفِطٌ; which is pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] of ↓ نَفِطَةٌ, sometimes contracted into ↓ نَفْطَةٌ; and sometimes نَفِطَاتٌ is used as pl. of نَفِطَةٌ: (Msb:) or ↓ نَفِطَةٌ signifies [simply] a pustule; as also ↓ نَفْطَةٌ and ↓ نِفْطَةٌ; (K;) and the lawyers call it ↓ نَفَّاطَةٌ, from this word as signifying “ a place whence نِفْط issues,” or it may be [originally] an intensive act. part. n. (Msb.) b2: Also, and ↓ نَفِطٌ, (Msb,) or ↓ نَفِطَةٌ and ↓ نَفْطَةٌ and ↓ نِفْطَةٌ, (Mgh, Sgh, K,) The small-pox: (Mgh, Sgh, Msb, K:) accord. to Z, ↓ نفظ [so in the TA, without any syll. signs,] signifies, in the dial. of Hudheyl, the small-pox in children and in sheep or goats. (TA.) A2: See also what next follows.

نِفْطٌ and ↓ نَفْطٌ, (S, Msb, K,) the former of which is the more chaste, (ISk, S, Msb, K, *) or, as some say, the latter, (Msb,) or the latter is a mistake, (As, K,) [Naphtha: and petroleum: both so called in the present day:] a certain oil, (S,) well known, (K,) with which camels are smeared for the mange, or scab, and galls on the back, and tikes; it does not include what is termed كُحَيْل: (ISd, TA:) or, accord. to AHn, i. q. كُحَيْلٌ: accord. to A'Obeyd, i. q. قَطِرَانٌ; but AHn denies this; and says that it is an exuding fluid (حِلَابَة) of a mountain, [found] in the bottom of a well, with which fire is kindled: (TA:) the best is the white: it is a dissolvent; and opens obstructions; removes the colic; and kills worms that are in the vulva, when used in the manner of a suppository. (K.) نَفِطٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفْطَةٌ: see نَفْيطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نِفْطَةٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفِطَةٌ: see نَفْطٌ, throughout: b2: and for the last, see also نَفِيطَةٌ.

نَفَاطَةٌ [accord. to the CK, but erroneously, نَفَاطٌ]: see نَفَّاطَةٌ, in two places.

كَفٌّ نَفِيطَةٌ A hand ulcerated by work: or blistered, or vesicated; having water or fluid, between the skin and the flesh: and ↓ نَافِطَةٌ signifies the same; and so ↓ مَنْفُوطَةٌ; (K;) of which last, however, ISd says, it is thus related by the lexicologists; but there is no way of accounting for it in my opinion; for it is from أَنْفَطَ. (TA.) [Golius also mentions ↓ نَفِطَةٌ as signifying A hand affected with pustules; on the authority of Meyd; and it is agreeable with analogy.]

نَفَّاطٌ A thrower of نِفْط [or naphtha]: pl. ↓ نَفَّاطَةٌ, [or rather this is a coll. gen. n.,] (Msb,) and نَفَّاطُونَ. (Mgh.) نَفَّاطَةٌ A place whence نِفْط [or naphtha] is extracted; (El-Fárábee, Msb, K;) as also ↓ نَفَاطَةٌ; (K;) but the former is the more known; (TA;) a place where it is generated; a mine, or source, thereof; a word similar to مَلَّاحَةٌ (Mgh, Msb) and قَيَّارَةٌ: (Mgh:) pl. نَفَّاطَاتٌ. (Msb.) b2: A kind of lamp made to give light by means thereof; as also ↓ نَفَاطَةٌ; (K;) but the former is the more known. (TA.) b3: An instrument with which نِفْط is thrown; (Mgh;) an instrument of copper, or brass, in which نِفْط is thrown, (K, TA,) and fire; (TA;) a قَارُورَة of نِفْط, which is thrown: (Msb:) pl. as above. (Mgh.) Yousay, خَرَجَ النَّفَّاطُونَ بِأَيْدِيِهمُ النَّفَّاطَاتُ [The throwers of naphtha went forth, having in their hands the instruments with which to throw it]. (Mgh.) b4: See also نَفَّاطٌ. b5: And see نَفْطٌ.

كَفٌّ نَافِطَةٌ: see نَفِيطَةٌ. b2: رَغْوَةٌ نَافِطَةٌ Froth, or foam, having bubbles: (Az, Msb:) pl. نَوَافِطُ (TA.) كَفٌّ مَنْفُوطَةٌ: see نَفِيطَةٌ.