فقه
1 فَقِهَ,
aor. ـَ (
S,
Msb,
K, &c.,)
inf. n. فِقْهٌ, the verb being like عَلِمَ and the
inf. n. like عِلْمٌ, in measure and in meaning, (
TA,) or فَقَهٌ; (
JK; [and the same seems to be implied in the
Msb and the
K;]) and فَقُهَ; (
Msb,
K;) He had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْهٌ, meaning understanding, (
S,
K,) and knowledge, and intelligence, and especially knowledge of the law (عِلْمُ الدِّينِ): (
K:) or both are
syn. with عَلِمَ: (
Msb,
TA:) or فَقُهَ, of which the
inf. n. is فَقَاهَةٌ, (
S,
TA,) or فِقْهٌ, (
JK,) signifies [peculiarly] he had, or possessed, knowledge of the law (عِلْم الشَّرِيعَة): (
S:) or this latter verb signifies he had, or possessed, what is termed فِقْةٌ as a faculty firmly rooted in his mind: (
Msb,
TA:) or,
accord. to
IB,
i. q. ↓ تَفَقَّهَ [
q. v., as
intrans.]: and he was, or became, [a فَقِيه,
q. v., or] equal to the فُقَهآء. (
TA in art. علم: see علم.) One says, فُلَانٌ لَا يَنْقَهُ [which may be rendered Such a one will not understand nor comprehend: but the two verbs are exactly
syn.]. (
S.) And to the witness one says, كَيْفَ فَقَاهَتُكَ لِمَا
أَشْهَدْ نَاكَ [
app. meaning How is thy understanding of (or how understandest thou) what we have made thee to witness?]: it is not said to any other than the witness: (
K,
TA:) thus in the
M: (
TA:) or,
accord. to
Z, it is said to other than the witness. (
K, *
TA.)
b2: And فَقِهَهُ, (
Mgh,
K,)
aor. ـَ
inf. n. فِقْهٌ, (
K,) He understood it, (
Mgh,
K,) namely, a meaning, (
Mgh,) or a thing that one explained to him; (
TA;) as also ↓ تفقّههُ. (
K.)
b3: See also 3.
2 فقّههُ, (
S,
K,)
inf. n. تَفْقِيهٌ, (
K,) He (God) made him to know or have knowledge [or to understand, or instructed him], or taught him; (
S, *
K,
TA;) and (
K) so ↓ افقههُ, (
Msb,
K,) or he made him to understand. (
S,
Mgh.) It is said in a
trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ عَلِّمْهُ الدِّينَ وَفَقِّهْهُ فِى التَّأْوِيلِ i. e. O God, teach him الدين [
app. here meaning the science of the law] and [instruct him in] the تأويل [or interpretation, &c.,] and the meaning thereof. (
TA.) And you say, الشَّىْءَ ↓ أَفْقَهْتُكَ I made thee to understand, (
S,
Msb, *) or I taught thee, (
Msb,) the thing. (
S,
Msb.) And ↓ أَفْقَنْتُهُ I explained to him the learning of الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]. (
T,
TA.) 3 فاقههُ He searched with him into [matters of] science, disputing with him, (
S,
K,) ↓ فَفَقَهَهُ,
aor. ـُ [
inf. n. فَقْهٌ,] and he overcame him therein. (
K.) 4 أَفْقَهَ see 2, in three places.
5 تفقّه He learned knowledge, or science: (
M voce سَوَّدَ:) [and particularly] he learned الفِقْه [meaning the science of the law]: (
JK:) or he took, or applied himself, to the acquisition of الفِقْه [meaning thus]. (
S,
TA.) And تفقّه فِى العِلْمِ is like تَعَلَّمَ [meaning He became, or made himself, learned, or thoroughly learned, in science]. (
Msb.) لِيَتَفَقَّهُوا فِى الدِّينِ, in the
Kur ix. 123, means That they may task themselves to obtain understanding in الدّيَنْ [i. e. the law, or religion in general], imposing upon themselves the difficulties attendant on the acquisition thereof. (
Ksh,
Bd.) See also 1, in two places; in the latter of which it is mentioned as transitive.
فِقْهٌ [as a simple
subst.] signifies Understanding (
S,
Msb,
K) of a thing; (
Msb,
K;) and knowledge thereof; (
Msb,
K;) and intelligence: (
K:)
accord. to
IF, any knowledge of a thing is thus termed: (
Msb:) [hence فِقْهُ اللُّغَةِ The science of lexicology is the title of a work written by him; and of another work, by Eth-Tha'álibee:] and, as used by the lawyers [and others], الفِقْهُ denotes a particular science; (
Msb;) it signifies particularly, (
S,
TA,) or predominantly, (
K,
TA,) The science of the law; [jurisprudence;] (
S,
K,
TA;)
syn. عِلْمُ الشَّرِيعَةِ, (
S,
TA,) or عِلْمُ الدِّينِ, [which is the same as علم الشريعة,] because of its preëminence (
K,
TA) above the other kinds of science: (
TA:) and more particularly, the science of the فُرُوع [or derivative institutes] of the law. (
TA.) فَقُهٌ; and its
fem., with ة: see the next paragraph.
فَقِيهٌ Any one possessing knowledge of a thing. (
TA.) فَفِيهُ العَرَبِ signifies The عَالِم [or man of knowledge] of the Arabs; (
TA;) and was an appellation given to El-Hárith Ibn-Keledeh (الحٰرِثُ بْنُ كَلَدَةَ), who was also called طَبِيبُ العَرَبِ [as is said in the
S in art. ازم], because this appellation is
syn. with the former; but IKh and El-Hareeree do not mean by فقيها لعرب any particular person. (
Mz, close of the 39th نوع.)
b2: [Particularly and predominantly,] فَقِيهٌ signifies One possessing knowledge of the law; [a lawyer;] (
S,
K;) as also ↓ فَقُهٌ; (
Msb,
K;)
fem. فَقِيهَةٌ and ↓ فَقُهَةٌ:
pl. [of فَقِيهٌ] فُقَهَآءُ; and [of فَفِيهَةٌ] فَقَائِهُ and فُقَهَآءُ; (
K;) the last of these pls. mentioned by
Lh, and
anomalous, as applied to women:
ISd says, “ in my opinion, he, of the Arabs, who says فُقَهَآء
[in speaking of women] takes no account of the
fem. ة: it is like فُقَرَآءُ applied to women. ” (
TA.) [In Egypt, the appellation فِقِى, a vulgar corruption of فَقِيه, is now applied to A schoolmaster; and to a person who recites the
Kur-án &c. for hire.]
b3: فَحْلٌ فَقِيهٌ means A stallion [camel] expert in covering, (
K,
TA,) that knows well the she-camels that are lusting, and the pregnant. (
TA.) المُسْتَفْقِهَةُ The female companion of the wailing woman, who responds to her (
K,
TA) in what she says; because she catches and retains quickly, and understands, what she [the former] says, and to reply to it: [as though it signified “ she who seeks, or desires, to understand: ”] it is said in a
trad. that each of these persons is cursed by God. (
TA.)
