عسف
1 عَسَفَ فِى الأَمْرِ, (
Msb,) [
aor. ـِ
inf. n. عَسْفٌ, (
TA,) He did the affair [or he acted in it] without consideration; (
Msb,
TA; *) and ↓ تعسّف and ↓ اعتسف have the like meaning: (
Msb, *
TA:) whence what next follows. (
Msb.)
b2: عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ He travelled the road not following a right direction: (
Msb:) [or you say,] عَسَفَ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ, (
O,
K,)
aor. ـِ (
K,)
inf. n. عَسْفٌ; (
TA;) and ↓ اعتسف, and ↓ تعسّف; (
O,
K;) he declined from the road, (
O,
K,
TA,) and journeyed without direction and without pursuing a right course: (
TA:) or عَسَفَ الطَّرِيقَ (
K, *
TA) he travelled the road, (
K,
TA,) seeking an object of want, (
TA,) without direction: (
K,
TA:) and ↓ اعتسفهُ, and ↓ تعسّفه, he travelled it without aiming at and hitting upon a right course: (
TA:) and عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, (
Mgh,) or المَفَازَةَ,
inf. n. as above, (
TA,) he traversed, or crossed, the desert, or waterless desert, without direction, (
Mgh,
TA,) and without any travelled road; as also ↓ اعتسفها: (
Mgh:) or عَسْفٌ signifies the taking a course not along the road, (
S,
IAth,
O,
TA,) and without knowledge: (
IAth,
TA:) this is said by
IAth to be the primary meaning: (
TA:) or,
accord. to
IDrd, the primary meaning is the travelling the road without direction: (
O:) and ↓ الاِعْتِسَافُ signifies the taking a course at random, without direction and without knowledge. (
Ham p. 613.) And one says, بَاتَ يَعْسِفُ اللَّيْلَ,
inf. n. as above, He passed the night journeying therein without direction, seeking a thing. (
Msb.) And عَسْفٌ [alone] signifies The going round about by night seeking an object of quest, or desire. (
O,
K.) [See also 2, and 4.]
b3: Hence, i. e. from the frequent usage of the verb in its primary sense, عَسَفَ فُلَانٌ فُلَانًا, meaning Such a one treated, or used, such a one wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically; (O;) as also ↓ تعسّفهُ: (
O, *
K:) and عَسَفَ السُّلْطَانُ (
O,
K) i. e. [The Sultán, or ruling power,] acted wrongfully, unjustly, &c.: (
K:)
inf. n. as above. (
IAth,
Mgh,
TA.)
b4: And [hence,] عَسَفَ فُلَانَةَ He violated such a woman. (
TA.)
b5: And الدَّمْعُ يَعْسِفُ الجُفُونَ (assumed
tropical:) The tears are copious so that they flow in other than their [proper] channels. (
A,
TA.)
b6: And عَسَفَهُ,
aor. and
inf. n. as above, He took him, or it, with strength, or force. (
Msb.)
b7: And عَسَفَهُ He took him as a servant, (
O,
K,
TA,) or an عَسِيف; (
TA;) as also ↓ اعتسفهُ. (
O,
K,
TA.)
b8: عَسَفَ عَلَيْهِ and لَهُ He worked, or wrought, for him [as a hired servant]. (
K.) One says, كَمْ أَعْسِفُ عَلَيْكَ (O) or لَكَ (
TA) i. e. [How long shall I] work for thee, (
O,
TA,) and earn, or gain, for thee, going repeatedly to and fro for thee like him who goes round about in the night seeking an object of quest, or desire? (
TA.)
b9: And عَسَفَ ضَيْعَتَهُمْ, (
K,)
aor. as above, (
O,) He kept, minded, or managed, their estate, and ordered its affairs in their stead, (
O,
K,
TA,) and went to and fro occupied in that which should put it [or keep it] in a good, or right, state. (
TA.)
A2: عَسْفٌ signifies also The breathing of death, (
O,
K.) And عَسَفَ, (
O,
K,)
aor. ـِ
inf. n. عَسْفٌ (
O,
TA) and عُسُوفٌ, (
TA,) said of a camel, (
O,
K,) He was at the point of death, and had [the affection, or disease, termed] عُسَاف: or, as some say, he had the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [q.
v.]: (
O:) or he was at the point of death by reason of the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة, and began to breathe [or pant] so that his حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] became convulsed. (
K.) [See also عَزَفَ.]
2 تَعْسِيفٌ The journeying without any sign of the way and without track; (
TA;) and so ↓ تَعَسُّفٌ. (
TA in art. سمت: see a verse cited in the first paragraph of that art.) [See also 1, and 4.]
A2: عسّفهُ,
inf. n. as above, He fatigued, or jaded, him, (
O,
K,
TA,) namely, his camel, (
O,
TA,) by journeying. (
TA.) 4 اعسف He journeyed by night, [going at random, in a headstrong and reckless manner,] like the weak-sighted she-camel that beats the ground with her fore feet as she goes along, not guarding herself from anything. (
IAar,
O,
K,
TA.) [See also 1, and 2.]
b2: And He punished his young man with hard work. (
IAar,
O,
K.)
A2: Also He (a man, O) had his camel taken with the breathing of death, (
IAar,
O,
K,) termed العَسْف. (
IAar, O.)
A3: And He kept to drinking from the large cup or bowl [termed عَسْف]. (
IAar,
O,
K.) 5 تَعَسَّفَ see 1, first quarter, in three places: and see 2.
b2: تَعَسُّفٌ in language is from عَسَفَ الفَلَاةَ, [and the like,]
expl. above: (
Mgh:) it signifies [in its general application The using, or use of, a discommendable license in language: and particularly vague, or vagueness of, expression; or] the making language to accord with [or to hear] a meaning which it does not plainly indicate. (
KT.)
b3: See also 1, third quarter.
b4: [Hence,] one says, وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ السَّيْفُ فَتَعَسَّفَهُ i. e. [The sword fell upon him, and] hit the bone that was the main stay of the limb, falling short of the joint. (
TA.) 7 انعسف It bent, or inclined;
syn. انعطف. (
O,
K.) Hence, (
TA,) Aboo-Wejzeh says, ↓ وَاسْتَيْقَنَتْ أَنَّ الصَّلِيفَ مُنْعَسِفْ meaning [And she knew, or became sure, that] the side of the week [was bending, or inclining]. (
O,
TA.) 8 إِعْتَسَفَ see 1, in six places.
عَسْفٌ [
inf. n. of 1,
q. v. passim.
A2: Also] A large drinking-cup or bowl; (
S,
O,
K,
TA;) like عُسٌّ:
pl. عُسُوفٌ. (
TA.) عَسَفَاتٌ: see what next follows.
عُسَافٌ, in a camel, as
expl. by
As on the authority of an Arab of the desert, is [The suffering experienced] when the حَنْجَرَة [or bead of the windpipe] is convulsed (تَرْجُفُ,
O, or تَقْمُصُ, i. e. تَرْجُفُ,
S) by the breathing (
S, O) at death: (O) they say that it is to camels like نِزَاعٌ to man. (
TA.) One says of a she-camel, بِهَا عُسَافٌ (
O,
K) and ↓ عَسَفَاتٌ, (
K,) meaning In her is the suffering
expl. above: (
O:) or the [affection, or disease, termed] غُدَّة (
O,
K) occasioning her to be at the point of death and to breathe [or pant] so that her حَنْجَرَة is convulsed. (
K.) عَسُوفٌ Travelling without following a right direction; [as also ↓ عَاسِفٌ; and,
app., in like manner, ↓ عِسِّيفٌ, but in an intensive sense, occurring in a verse of Esh-Shenfarà, (see Dc Sacy 's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., ii. 359-60,) but not found by me in any of the lexicons:]
pl. عُسُفٌ, like as رُسُلٌ is
pl. of رَسُولٌ. (
Msb.) Applied to a she-camel as meaning That goes along at random, heedlessly, or in a headlong manner, not obeying a guide to the right course, and that is not turned by anything. (
TA.)
b2: And [hence,] Acting wrongfully, unjustly, injuriously, or tyrannically;
syn. جَائِرٌ: (
TA:) or one who acts wrongfully, &c., much, or often;
syn. ظَلُومٌ: (
S,
Mgh,
O, *
K,
TA:) and ↓ عَسَّافٌ also has the former [or rather the latter] meaning. (
TA.)
b3: And One who takes with strength, or force; and so, but in an intensive sense, ↓ عَسَّافٌ. (
Msb.) عَسِيفٌ A hired man; a hireling: (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
K:) or a slave who is held in light, or mean, estimation, or in contempt: (
O,
L,
TA:) in the
K, المُسْتَعَانُ بِهِ is erroneously put for المُسْتَهَانُ بِهِ, the reading in the O and
L: (
TA:) a poet says, (
O,) namely, Nubeyh Ibn-El-Hajjáj, (
TA,) أَطَعْتُ النَّفْسَ فِى الشَّهَوَاتِ حَتَّى
أَعَادَتْنِى عَسِيفًا عَبْدَ عَبْدِ [I obeyed the soul in respect of appetites until it rendered me a despised bondman, a slave of a slave]: (
O,
TA:) it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure فَاعِلٌ, from عَسَفَ لَهُ meaning “ he worked for him; ” or in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ, from عَسَفَهُ meaning “ he took him as a servant: ” (
K: [and the like is said in the O:])
pl. عُسَفَآءُ (
S,
Mgh,
O,
Msb) and عِسَفَةٌ, which latter is
anomalous. (
TA.) عَسَّافٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, last two sentences.
عِسِّيفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ, first sentence.
عَاسِفٌ: see عَسُوفٌ.
A2: Also, applied to a she-camel, (Aboo-Yoosuf,
S,
O,
K,) without ة, (
O,) as well as to a he-camel, (
TA,) At the point of death, and having [the affection, or disease, termed]
عُسَاف: or, as some say, having the affection, or disease, termed غُدَّة [
q. v.]: (
O:) or at the point of death by reason of the غُدَّة, and beginning to breathe [or pant] (Aboo-Yoosuf,
S,
K) so that the حَنْجَرَة [or head of the windpipe] becomes convulsed. (
K.) هُوَ رَاكِبُ التَّعَاسِيفِ means He is one who has no known place of aim, or pursuit: (
Msb in art. ركب:) the last word is
app. pl. of تَعْسَافٌ, which is of a form common to triliteral-radical verbs, in general. (
Msb in the present art.) مَعْسِفٌ A place in which one travels without direction: (
O,
TA:) [in which is no sign of the way nor any track:
pl. مَعَاسِفُ:] one says, أَخَذُوا فِى مَعَاسِفِ البِيدِ [They took their way in the tracts of the deserts, or of the waterless deserts, in which one travels without direction]. (
TA.) مَعْسُوفَةٌ, applied to a woman, Violated. (
TA.) مُنْعَسِفٌ part.
n. of 7,
q. v. (
O,
TA.)
