شرك
1 شَرِكَهُ فِيهِ,
aor. ـَ
inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ (
S,
Mgh, *
Msb,
K) and شَرِكَةٌ, the former a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (
Msb,) and شِرْكٌ (
Mgh,
Msb) and شَرِكٌ, the former of these two a contraction of the latter, but the more usual, (
Msb,) or شِرْكٌ [
q. v. infrà] is a simple
subst., (
S,
K,) [He shared, participated, or partook, with him in it;] he was, or became, a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] to him in it; (
Msb;) namely, a sale or purchase, and an inheritance, (
S,
K,) or an affair; (
Msb;) and فيه ↓ شاركهُ [signifies the same]. (
Mgh,
Msb, *
K. * [It is said in the
TA, after the mention of شَرِكَهُ with its
inf. n. شِرْكَةٌ, that it is more chaste than ↓ اشركهُ; by which it is implied that this latter is sometimes used as
syn. with the former; for which I do not find any express authority.] And He entered with him into it; [or engaged with him in it;] namely, an affair. (
TA.)
A2: شَرِكَتِ النَّعْلُ,
aor. ـَ The sandal had its شِرَاك broken; (Ibn-Buzurj,
K;)
inf. n. شَرَكٌ. (
TK.) 2 شَرَّكَ see 4.
b2: [The
inf. n.] تَشْرِيكٌ also signifies The selling a part [or share] of what one has purchased for that for which it was purchased. (
Mgh,
K.)
A2: شرّك النَّعْلَ, (
S, *
Mgh,
Msb,
K,)
inf. n. تَشْرِيكٌ, (
S,
K,) He put a شِرَاك to the sandal; (
S,
Mgh,
Msb,
K;) as also ↓ أَشْرَكَهَا, (
S,
TA,)
inf. n. إِشْرَاكٌ. (
TA.) 3 شَارَكْتُ فُلَانًا, (
S,
TA,)
inf. n. مُشَارَكَةٌ, (
TK,) [I shared, participated, or partook, with such a one;] I was, or became, the شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] of such a one. (
S,
TA.) El-Jaadee says, وَشَارَكْنَا قُرَيْشًا فِى تُقَاهَا العِنَانِ ↓ وَفِى أَحْسَابِهَا شِرْكَ [And we shared with Kureysh in their piety and in their several grounds of pretension to respect, with a sharing exclusive of other properties]. (
S.) See also 1. [And see 8.]
4 أَشْرَكْتُهُ فِى الأَمْرِ I made him a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] to me in the affair: and ↓ شَرَّكْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِى المَالِ [I made them copartners in the property; and شَرَّكَهُمْ, occurring in this art. in the
TA, on the authority of Esh-
Sháfi'ee, means, in like manner, he made them copartners; and أَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ is used in this sense in the present art. in the
K]. (
Msb.) وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى, in the
Kur [xx. 33], means And make Thou him my شَرِيك [or copartner, or associate, or colleague,] in my affair. (
S.) And one says also, اشركهُ مَعَهُ فِى
الأَمْرِ He made him to enter [or engage] with him in the affair: and اشرك فُلَانًا فِى البَيْعِ He made such a one to enter [or share] with him in the sale or purchase. (
TA.)
b2: [Hence,] اشرك بِاللّٰهِ He attributed to God a شَرِيك [or copartner &c.] (
Mgh,
TA) in his dominion: (
TA:) [or he attributed to God شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners &c., such as the angels and the devils: (see
Kur vi.
100, &c., and any of the expositions thereof:) i. e. he believed in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] he disbelieved [or misbelieved] in God:
syn. كَفَرَ: (
S, *
Msb,
K,
TA:) used in this latter sense because الكُفْرُ is not free from some kind of شِرْك. (
Kull p. 49.)
A2: See also 1:
A3: and 2.
6 تَشَاْرَكَ see the next paragraph, in three places.
8 اشتركوا and ↓ تشاركوا, (
Mgh,
Msb,) and اشتركا and ↓ تشاركا, (
K,) and اشتركنا and ↓ تشاركنا, (
S,) [They, and they two, and we, shared, participated, or partook, one with another, and each with the other; or were, or became, copartners, &c.;] فِى كَذَا [in such a thing]. (
S.)
b2: [Hence,] الاِشْتِرَاكُ in lexicology signifies The being homonymous;
lit. the being shared, or participated, in by several meanings: [used as a
subst., homonymy:] (
Mz, 25th نوع; and Intr. to the
TA:) one says of a noun [or word] that is termed مُشْتَرَكٌ [
q. v.], تَشْتَرِكُ فِيهِ مَعَانٍ كَثِيرَةٌ [Many meanings share, or participate, in it]. (
TA.)
b3: And اشترك الأَمْرُ (assumed
tropical:) The affair, or case, was, or became, confused, and dubious. (
TA.) شَرْكٌ: see what next follows.
شِرْكٌ is an
inf. n. of شَرِكَهُ, as mentioned in the first sentence of this art.: (
Mgh,
Msb:) or a
subst. therefrom: (
S:) and is
syn. with ↓ شِرْكَةٌ, [signifying A sharing, participating or participation, partaking, or copartnership, and mentioned before as an
inf. n.,] (
K,) as also are ↓ شَرِكٌ and ↓ شَرِكَةٌ, [likewise mentioned before as
inf. ns.,] and ↓ شَرْكٌ and ↓ شَرْكَةٌ, (
MF,
TA,) and so is ↓ شُرْكَةٌ, with damm, (
K,) this last said by
MF to be unknown, but it is common in Syria, almost to the exclusion of the other
dial. vars. mentioned above. (
TA.) An
ex. of the first occurs in a trad, of Mo'ádh, أَجَازَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ اليَمَنِ الشِّرْكَ, meaning [He allowed, among the people of El-Yemen,] the sharing, one with another, (الاِشْتِرَاك,) in land [and
app. its produce], by its owner giving it to another for the half [
app. of its produce], or the third, or the like thereof: and a similar
ex. of the same word occurs in another
trad. (
TA.) See also an
ex. in a verse cited above,
conj. 3. And one says, رَغِبْنَا فِى شِرْكِكُمْ, meaning We are desirous of sharing with you in affinity, or relationship by marriage. (
K, *
TA.)
b2: And A share: (
Mgh,
O,
Msb,
TA:) as in the saying, بِيعَ شِرْكٌ مِنْ دَارِهِ [A share of his house was sold]: (
Mgh:) and as in the saying, أَعْتَقَ شِرْكًا لَهُ فِى عَبْدٍ [He emancipated a share belonging to him in a slave]: (
Msb:)
pl. أَشْرَاكٌ. (
O,
Msb,
TA.) [See a verse of Lebeed cited
voce زَعَامَةٌ.]
b3: It is also a
subst. from أَشْرَكَ بِاللّٰهِ; (
Mgh,
Msb,
K,
TA;) thus in the
Kur xxxi. 12; (
Mgh,
TA;) meaning The attribution of a شَرِيك [or copartner &c., or of شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners
&c., (see 4,)] to God: (
Mgh:) [so that it may be rendered belief in a plurality of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] unbelief [or misbelief];
syn. كُفْرٌ. (
S,
Msb,
K,
TA.) And it is also
expl. as meaning Hypocrisy: (
Mgh,
TA:) so in the saying of the Prophet, إِنَّ أَخْوَفَ مَا أَخَافُ عَلَى أُمَّتِى الشِّرْكُ [Verily the most fearful of what I fear for my people is hypocrisy]: (
Mgh:) and so in the
trad., الشِّرْكُ أَخْفَى فِى أُمَّتِى مِنْ دَبِيبِ النَّمْلِ [Hypocrisy is more latent in my people than the creeping of ants]. (
IAth,
TA.)
b4: See also شَرِيكٌ, in two places.
شَرَكٌ The حِبَالَة [properly a
sing., meaning snare, but here
app. used as a
gen. n., meaning snares, as will be seen from what follows,] of the صَائِد [i. e. sportsman, or catcher of game, or wild animals, or birds]; one of which is called ↓ شَرَكَةٌ: (
S, O:) the meaning of the شَرَك of the صَائِد is well known; and the
pl. is أَشْرَاكٌ; like سَبَبٌ and أَسْبَابٌ: or, as some say, شَرَكٌ is the
pl. of ↓ شَرَكَةٌ, [or rather is a
coll. gen. n. of which ↓ شَرَكَةٌ is the
n. un.,] like قَصَبٌ and قَصَبَةٌ: (
Msb:) [i. e.,] شَرَكٌ signifies the حَبَائِل [or snares, or by this may perhaps be meant the cords composing a snare, for حَبَائِلُ is an
anomalous pl. of حَبْلٌ,] for catching wild animals or the like; and what is, or are, set up for [catching] birds: (
K,
TA:) one whereof is said to be called ↓ شَرَكَةٌ [a term used in the
K, in art. شبك, as the explanation of شَبَكَةٌ, which means a net]: (
TA:) and the
pl. of شَرَكٌ is شُرُكٌ, with two dammehs, which is
extr. [with respect to
analogy, like فُلُكٌ
pl. of فَلَكٌ]. (
K.) Hence the
trad., أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ شَرِّ الشَّيْطَانِ وَشَرَكِهِ, meaning حَبَائِلِهِ وَمَصَايِدِهِ [i. e. I seek protection by Thee from the mischief of the Devil, and his snares]. (
TA.)
b2: شَرَكُ الطَّرِيقِ means The main and middle parts of the road; (
S,
K;)
syn. جَوَادُّهُ: or the tracks that are [conspicuous and distinct,] not obscure to one nor blended together: (
K:)
pl. [or rather
coll. gen. n.] of ↓ شَرَكَةٌ: (
S:) or the أَنْسَاع of the road; (
As,
TA;) i. e. the furrows of the road, made by the beasts with their legs [or feet] in its surface, a ↓ شَرَكَة here and another by the side of it: (
TA:) or أَشْرَاكٌ [is its
pl., and] signifies the small tracks that branch off from the main road and then stop, or terminate. (
Sh,
TA.) [See أُسٌّ.]
شَرِكٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.
شَرْكَةٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.
شُرْكَةٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.
شِرْكَةٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.
b2: Also A piece of flesh-meat; of the
dial. of El-Yemen; originally, of a slaughtered camel, in which people share, one with another. (
TA.) شَرَكَةٌ: see شَرَكٌ, in six places.
شَرِكَةٌ: see شِرْكٌ, first sentence.
شُرَكِىٌّ and شُرَّكِىٌّ A quick, or swift, pace: (
K:) so says
ISd. (
TA.) And لَطْمٌ شُرَكِىٌّ A quick and consecutive slapping, (
S,
O,
K,) like the camel's slapping when a thorn has entered his foot and he beats the ground with it with a consecutive beating. (
S, * O.) Ows Ibn-Hajar says, وَمَا أَنَ إِلَّا مُسْتَعِدٌّ كَمَا تَرَى
أَخُو شُرَكِىِّ الوِرْدِ غَيْرُ مُعَتِّمِ [And I am none other than one who is ready, as thou seest; one in the habit of quick and consecutive coming to water; not one who is dilatory]: i. e., one coming to water time after time, consecutively: he means, I will do to thee what thou dislikest, not delaying to do that. (
S.) شِرَاكٌ The thong, or strap, of the sandal, (
Mgh,
Msb,
K,
TA,) that is on the face thereof, (
TA,) upon the back [meaning upper side] of the foot, (
Mgh,
Msb,) [extending from the thong, or strap, that passes between two of the toes, towards the ankle, and having two arms (its عَضُدَانِ), which are attached to the أُذُنَانِ (
q. v.), or pass through these and unite behind the foot: see also خِزَامَةٌ, and فَرَصَهُ, whence it appears to mean also each arm, and the two arms, of the شِرَاك properly so called: and see سَيْرٌ, where it appears to be used as meaning a thong or strap, absolutely:] the شِرَاك of the sandal is well known: (
O:)
pl. شُرُكٌ, (
O,
K,
TA,) and
accord. to the
K أَشْرُكٌ also, but this is a mistake. (
TA.) To this is likened, in a
trad., the shadow at the base of a wall, on the eastern side thereof, when very small [or narrow], showing that the sun has begun to decline from the meridian. (
Mgh,
Msb,)
b2: [Hence,] (assumed
tropical:) A streak of herbage: (
S,
O,
K:)
pl. شُرُكٌ, (
S,
O,
TA,)
expl. by
AHn as meaning herbage in streaks; not continuous. (
TA.) One says, الكَلَأُ فِى بَنِى فُلَانٍ شُرُكٌ (assumed
tropical:) The herbage among the sons of such a one is composed of streaks. (Aboo-Nasr,
S, O.)
b3: [In the
K voce بَنَقَ it is used as meaning (assumed
tropical:) A row of shoots, or offsets, cut from palm-trees and planted, such as are termed, when planted, مُبَنَّقٌ and مُنَبَّقٌ.]
b4: [Hence,] one says, مَضَوْا عَلَى شِرَاكٍ وَاحِدٍ (
tropical:) [They went away in one uniform line or manner]. (
TA.) And اِجْعَلِ الأَمْرَ شِرَاكًا وَاحِدًا (assumed
tropical:) Make thou the affair, or case, [uniform, or] one uniform thing. (
Fr,
TA in art. بأج.) شَرِيكٌ
act. part. n. of شَرِكَةٌ; (
Mgh;)
i. q. ↓ مُشَارِكٌ [A sharer, participator, partaker, or partner, with another; a copartner, an associate, or a colleague, of another]; (
K;) and ↓ شِرْكٌ signifies the same: (
Az,
K,
TA:) a sharer in what is not divided: (
K and
TK in art. خلط:) or a sharer in the rights of a thing that is sold: (
Mgh in that art.:)
pl. شُرَكَآءُ and أَشْرَاكٌ, (
S,
O,
Msb,
K,
TA,) like شُرَفَآءُ and أَشْرَافٌ pls. of شَرِيفٌ; (
S,
O,
TA;) or the latter is
pl. of ↓ شِرْكٌ: (
Az,
TA:) a woman is termed شَرِيكَةٌ; (
S,
O,
K;) which is applied to a man's جَارَة [i. e. wife, or object of love]; (
TA;) and the
pl. of this is شَرَائِكُ. (
S,
O,
K.)
Az mentions his having heard one of the Arabs say, فُلَانٌ شَرِيكُ فُلَانٍ meaning Such a one is married to the daughter, or to the sister, of such a one; what people call the خَتَن [of such a one]. (
TA.) مُشْرِكٌ and ↓ مُشْرِكِىٌّ, (
S,
O,
K,) like as one says دَوٌّ and دَوِّىٌّ, and قَعْسَرٌ and قَعْسَرِىٌّ, (
S,
O,) One who attributes to God a شَرِيك [or copartner &c., or شُرَكَآء i. e. copartners &c. (see 4)]: (
O:) [i. e. a believer in a duality, or a plurality, of gods:] and [in a wider sense,] a disbeliever [or misbeliever] in God. (
S,
O,
K.) Abu-l-'Abbás explains [the
pl.] مُشْرِكُونَ in the
Kur xvi. 102 as meaning Those who are مشركون by their obeying the Devil; by their worshipping God and worshipping with Him the Devil. (
TA.)
b2: [In one place, in the
CK, the former word is erroneously put for مُشْتَرَكٌ,
q. v., last sentence.]
مُشْرِكِىٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.
الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ, (
O,
K,
TA,) or المَسْأَلَةُ المَشَرَّكَةُ, (
Msb,) for المُشَرَّكُ فِيهَا, (
Msb,
TA,) is That [assigned portion of inheritance, or the question relating thereto (المَسْأَلَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ being for مَسْأَلَةُ الفَرِيضَةِ المُشَرَّكَةِ),] in which the brothers by the mother's side [only] and those by [both] the father's and the mother's sides are made to share together; (
O,
Msb, *
K,
TA;) also called ↓ المُشَرِّكَةُ [that makes to share], tropically; (
Msb;) and called also ↓ المُشْتَرَكَةُ [for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهَا i. e. that is shared in]: (
Lth,
K,
TA:) this is the case of a husband and a mother and brothers by the mother's side and brothers by the father's and mother's sides: (
O,
K,
TA:) for the wife is half; and for the mother, a sixth; and for the brothers by the mother's side, a third, and the brothers by the father's and mother's sides share with them: (
O,
TA:) 'Omar decided in a case of this kind by assigning the third to two brothers by the mother's side, and not assigning anything to the brothers by the father's and mother's sides; whereupon they said, يَا أَمِيرَ المُؤْمِنِينَ هَبْ أَنَّ
أَبَانَا كَانَ حِمَارًا فَأَشْرِكْنَا بِقَرَابَةِ أُمَّنَا [O Prince of the Believers, suppose that our father was an ass, and make us to share by reason of the relationship of our mother]: so he made them to share together (فَأَشْرَكَ بَيْنَهُمْ [thus in the O and
K, but correctly فَشَرَّكَ بينهم, or, as afterwards in the
TA, فَشَرَّكَهُمْ]): (
O,
K,
TA:) therefore it (i. e. the فَرِيضَة,
TA) was called مُشَرَّكَة [and مُشَرِّكَة] and مُشْتَرَكَة, [in the
CK, erroneously, مُشْرَكَة,] and also حِمَارِيَّة: (
K,
TA:) and it is also called حَجَرِيَّة, because it is related that they said, هَبْ أَنَّ أَبَانَا كَانَ حَجَرًا مُلْقًى فِى اليَمِّ [suppose that our father was a stone thrown into the sea]; and [therefore] some called it يَمِّيَّة: and it was called also عُمَرِيَّة. (
TA. [More is there added, explaining different decisions of this case.]) المُشَرِّكَةُ: see the next preceding paragraph.
مُشَارِكٌ: see شَرِيكٌ.
b2: رِيحٌ مُشَارِكٌ means A wind to which the نَكْبَآء [
q. v.] is nearer than the two winds between which this blows. (
K.) مُشْتَرَكٌ, applied to a road (طَرِيق,
Mgh,
Msb,
TA), is for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ, (
Msb,) meaning [Shared in: or] in which the people are equal [sharers]. (
TA.)
b2: Hence, الأَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكُ [in my copy of the
Mgh, erroneously, المُشْتَرِكُ,] The hired man [that is shared in; i. e.,] whose work no one has for himself exclusively of others, but who works for every one who repairs to him for work, like the tailor in the sitting-places of the markets; (
Msb;) or who works for whom he pleases: as to أَجِيرُ المُشْتَرَكِ, it is not right, unless the word thus governed in the
gen. case be
expl. as an
inf. n. (
Mgh.)
b3: See also الفَرِيضَةُ المُشَرَّكَةُ, above.
b4: اِسْمٌ مُشْتَرَكٌ [in like manner for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ A noun shared in by several meanings; i. e. a
homonym;] a noun shared in by many meanings, such as عَيْنٌ and the like: (
Mz, 25th نوع; and
TA in the present art. and in the Intr.:) or مُشْتَرَكٌ signifies a word having two, or more, meanings; and is applied to a noun, and to the
pret. of a verb as denoting predication and prayer, and to the
aor. as denoting the present and the future, and to a
particle: (
Mz ubi suprà:) [مُشْتَرَكٌ used as a
subst., meaning a
homonym, has for its
pl. مُشْتَرَكَاتٌ.]
b5: [الحِسُّ المُشْتَرَكُ, for المُشْتَرَكُ فِيهِ, signifies, in the conventional language of the philosophers, The faculty of fancy; so called because “ participated in ” by the five senses: but it is vulgarly used as meaning common sense.]
b6: مُشْتَرَكٌ applied to a man, [for مُشْتَرَكٌ فِيهِ,] means (assumed
tropical:) Talking to himself, like him who is affected with anxiety; (
As,
S,
K,
TA; [in the
CK, erroneously, مُشْرِكٌ;]) his judgment being shared in; not one. (
TA.)
